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+/* scheduler.h -*-C++-*-
+ *
+ *************************************************************************
+ *
+ * @copyright
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2013, Intel Corporation
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * @copyright
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ * * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+ * from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * @copyright
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
+ * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
+ * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY
+ * WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ **************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * @file scheduler.h
+ *
+ * @brief scheduler.h declares routines for the Intel Cilk Plus scheduler,
+ * making it the heart of the Intel Cilk Plus implementation.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_SCHEDULER_DOT_H
+#define INCLUDED_SCHEDULER_DOT_H
+
+#include <cilk/common.h>
+#include <internal/abi.h>
+
+#include "rts-common.h"
+#include "full_frame.h"
+#include "reducer_impl.h"
+#include "global_state.h"
+
+#ifdef CILK_RECORD_REPLAY
+#include "record-replay.h"
+#endif
+
+__CILKRTS_BEGIN_EXTERN_C
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Flag to disable parallel reductions.
+ *
+ * Set to 0 to allow parallel reductions.
+ */
+#define DISABLE_PARALLEL_REDUCERS 0
+
+/**
+ * @brief Debugging level for parallel reductions.
+ *
+ * Print debugging messages and assertions for parallel reducers. 0 is
+ * no debugging. A higher value generates more output.
+ */
+#define REDPAR_DEBUG 0
+
+/**
+ * @brief Lock the worker mutex to allow exclusive access to the
+ * values in the @c __cilkrts_worker and local_state structures.
+ *
+ * @pre @c w->l->do_not_steal must not be set. Essentially this
+ * condition asserts that the worker is not locked recursively.
+ *
+ * @param w The worker to lock.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_worker_lock(__cilkrts_worker *w);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Unlock the worker mutex.
+ *
+ * @pre @c w->l->do_not_steal must be set. Essentially this condition
+ * asserts that the worker has been previously locked.
+ *
+ * @param w The worker to unlock.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_worker_unlock(__cilkrts_worker *w);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Push the next full frame to be made active in this worker
+ * and increment its join counter.
+ *
+ * __cilkrts_push_next_frame and pop_next_frame work on a one-element queue.
+ * This queue is used to communicate across the runtime from the code that
+ * wants to activate a frame to the code that can actually begin execution
+ * on that frame. They are asymetrical in that push increments the join
+ * counter but pop does not decrement it. Rather, a single push/pop
+ * combination makes a frame active and increments its join counter once.
+ *
+ * @note A system worker may chose to push work onto a user worker if
+ * the work is the continuation from a sync which only the user worker
+ * may complete.
+ *
+ * @param w The worker which the frame is to be pushed onto.
+ * @param ff The full_frame which is to be continued by the worker.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_push_next_frame(__cilkrts_worker *w,
+ full_frame *ff);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Sync on this worker.
+ *
+ * If this worker is the last to reach the sync, execution may resume
+ * on this worker after the sync.
+ *
+ * If this worker is not the last spawned child to reach the sync,
+ * then execution is suspended and the worker will re-enter the
+ * scheduling loop, looking for work it can steal.
+ *
+ * This function will jump into the runtime to switch to the scheduling
+ * stack to implement most of its logic.
+ *
+ * @param w The worker which is executing the sync.
+ * @param sf The __cilkrts_stack_frame containing the sync.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+NORETURN __cilkrts_c_sync(__cilkrts_worker *w,
+ __cilkrts_stack_frame *sf);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Worker @c w completely promotes its own deque, simulating the case
+ * where the whole deque is stolen.
+ *
+ * We use this mechanism to force the allocation of new storage for
+ * reducers for race-detection purposes.
+ *
+ * This method is called from the reducer lookup logic when
+ * @c g->force_reduce is set.
+ *
+ * @warning Use of "force_reduce" is known to have bugs when run with
+ * more than 1 worker.
+ *
+ * @param w The worker which is to have all entries in its deque
+ * promoted to full frames.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_promote_own_deque(__cilkrts_worker *w);
+
+/**
+ * Called when a spawned function attempts to return and
+ * __cilkrts_undo_detach() fails. This can happen for two reasons:
+ *
+ * @li If another worker is considering stealing our parent, it bumps the
+ * exception pointer while it did so, which will cause __cilkrts_undo_detach()
+ * to fail. If the other worker didn't complete the steal of our parent, we
+ * still may be able to return to it, either because the steal attempt failed,
+ * or we won the race for the tail pointer.
+ *
+ * @li If the function's parent has been stolen then we cannot return. Instead
+ * we'll longjmp into the runtime to switch onto the scheduling stack to
+ * execute do_return_from_spawn() and determine what to do. Either this
+ * worker is the last one to the sync, in which case we need to jump to the
+ * sync, or this worker is not the last one to the sync, in which case we'll
+ * abandon this work and jump to the scheduling loop to search for more work
+ * we can steal.
+ *
+ * @param w The worker which attempting to return from a spawn to
+ * a stolen parent.
+ * @param returning_sf The stack frame which is returning.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_c_THE_exception_check(__cilkrts_worker *w,
+ __cilkrts_stack_frame *returning_sf);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Return an exception to an stolen parent.
+ *
+ * Used by the gcc implementation of exceptions to return an exception
+ * to a stolen parent
+ *
+ * @param w The worker which attempting to return from a spawn with an
+ * exception to a stolen parent.
+ * @param returning_sf The stack frame which is returning.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+NORETURN __cilkrts_exception_from_spawn(__cilkrts_worker *w,
+ __cilkrts_stack_frame *returning_sf);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Used by the Windows implementations of exceptions to migrate an exception
+ * across fibers.
+ *
+ * Call this function when an exception has been thrown and has to
+ * traverse across a steal. The exception has already been wrapped
+ * up, so all that remains is to longjmp() into the continuation,
+ * sync, and re-raise it.
+ *
+ * @param sf The __cilkrts_stack_frame for the frame that is attempting to
+ * return an exception to a stolen parent.
+ */
+void __cilkrts_migrate_exception (__cilkrts_stack_frame *sf);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Return from a call, not a spawn, where this frame has ever
+ * been stolen.
+ *
+ * @param w The worker that is returning from a frame which was ever stolen.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_return(__cilkrts_worker *w);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Special return from the initial frame.
+ *
+ * This method will be called from @c __cilkrts_leave_frame if
+ * @c CILK_FRAME_LAST is set.
+ *
+ * This function will do the things necessary to cleanup, and unbind the
+ * thread from the Intel Cilk Plus runtime. If this is the last user
+ * worker unbinding from the runtime, all system worker threads will be
+ * suspended.
+ *
+ * @pre @c w must be the currently executing worker, and must be a user
+ * worker.
+ *
+ * @param w The worker that's returning from the initial frame.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_c_return_from_initial(__cilkrts_worker *w);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Used by exception handling code to pop an entry from the
+ * worker's deque.
+ *
+ * @param w Worker to pop the entry from
+ *
+ * @return __cilkrts_stack_frame of parent call
+ * @return NULL if the deque is empty
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+__cilkrts_stack_frame *__cilkrts_pop_tail(__cilkrts_worker *w);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Modifies the worker's protected_tail to prevent frames from
+ * being stolen.
+ *
+ * The Dekker protocol has been extended to only steal if head+1 is also
+ * less than protected_tail.
+ *
+ * @param w The worker to be modified.
+ * @param new_protected_tail The new setting for protected_tail, or NULL if the
+ * entire deque is to be protected
+ *
+ * @return Previous value of protected tail.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+__cilkrts_stack_frame *volatile *__cilkrts_disallow_stealing(
+ __cilkrts_worker *w,
+ __cilkrts_stack_frame *volatile *new_protected_tail);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Restores the protected tail to a previous state, possibly
+ * allowing frames to be stolen.
+ *
+ * @param w The worker to be modified.
+ * @param saved_protected_tail A previous setting for protected_tail that is
+ * to be restored
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_restore_stealing(
+ __cilkrts_worker *w,
+ __cilkrts_stack_frame *volatile *saved_protected_tail);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize a @c __cilkrts_worker.
+ *
+ * @note The memory for the worker must have been allocated outside
+ * this call.
+ *
+ * @param g The global_state_t.
+ * @param self The index into the global_state's array of workers for this
+ * worker, or -1 if this worker was allocated from the heap and cannot be
+ * stolen from.
+ * @param w The worker to be initialized.
+ *
+ * @return The initialized __cilkrts_worker.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+__cilkrts_worker *make_worker(global_state_t *g,
+ int self,
+ __cilkrts_worker *w);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Free up any resources allocated for a worker.
+ *
+ * @note The memory for the @c __cilkrts_worker itself must be
+ * deallocated outside this call.
+ *
+ * @param w The worker to be destroyed.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void destroy_worker (__cilkrts_worker *w);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize the runtime.
+ *
+ * If necessary, allocates and initializes the global state. If
+ * necessary, unsuspends the system workers.
+ *
+ * @param start Specifies whether the workers are to be unsuspended if
+ * they are suspended. Allows __cilkrts_init() to start up the runtime without
+ * releasing the system threads.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_init_internal(int start);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Part of the sequence to shutdown the runtime.
+ *
+ * Specifically, this call frees the @c global_state_t for the runtime.
+ *
+ * @param g The global_state_t.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_deinit_internal(global_state_t *g);
+
+/**
+ * Obsolete. We no longer need to import or export reducer maps.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+cilkred_map *__cilkrts_xchg_reducer(
+ __cilkrts_worker *w, cilkred_map *newmap) cilk_nothrow;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Called when a user thread is bound to the runtime.
+ *
+ * If this action increments the count of bound user threads from 0 to
+ * 1, the system worker threads are unsuspended.
+ *
+ * If this action increments the count of bound user threads from 0 to
+ * 1, the system worker threads are unsuspended.
+ *
+ * @pre Global lock must be held.
+ * @param g The runtime global state.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_enter_cilk(global_state_t *g);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Called when a user thread is unbound from the runtime.
+ *
+ * If this action decrements the count of bound user threads to 0, the
+ * system worker threads are suspended.
+ *
+ *
+ * @pre Global lock must be held.
+ *
+ * @param g The runtime global state.
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_leave_cilk(global_state_t *g);
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief cilk_fiber_proc that runs the main scheduler loop on a
+ * user worker.
+ *
+ * @pre fiber's owner field should be set to the correct __cilkrts_worker
+ * @pre fiber must be a user worker.
+ *
+ * @param fiber The scheduling fiber object.
+ */
+void scheduler_fiber_proc_for_user_worker(cilk_fiber *fiber);
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Prints out Cilk runtime statistics.
+ *
+ * @param g The runtime global state.
+ *
+ * This method is useful only for debugging purposes. No guarantees
+ * are made as to the validity of this data. :)
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+void __cilkrts_dump_stats_to_stderr(global_state_t *g);
+
+#ifdef CILK_RECORD_REPLAY
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+char * walk_pedigree_nodes(char *p, const __cilkrts_pedigree *pnode);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Used by exception handling code to simulate the popping of
+ * an entry from the worker's deque.
+ *
+ * @param w Worker whose deque we want to check
+ *
+ * @return @c __cilkrts_stack_frame of parent call
+ * @return NULL if the deque is empty
+ */
+COMMON_PORTABLE
+__cilkrts_stack_frame *simulate_pop_tail(__cilkrts_worker *w);
+
+#endif
+
+__CILKRTS_END_EXTERN_C
+
+#endif // ! defined(INCLUDED_SCHEDULER_DOT_H)