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* sg_write()/bsg_write() is not fit to be called under KERNEL_DSAl Viro2017-01-081-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | Both damn things interpret userland pointers embedded into the payload; worse, they are actually traversing those. Leaving aside the bad API design, this is very much _not_ safe to call with KERNEL_DS. Bail out early if that happens. Change-Id: I0d2f3b1ed4e763c559ecec98af32767360985e91 Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* block: fix use-after-free in seq fileVegard Nossum2016-11-111-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | I got a KASAN report of use-after-free: ================================================================== BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in klist_iter_exit+0x61/0x70 at addr ffff8800b6581508 Read of size 8 by task trinity-c1/315 ============================================================================= BUG kmalloc-32 (Not tainted): kasan: bad access detected ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint INFO: Allocated in disk_seqf_start+0x66/0x110 age=144 cpu=1 pid=315 ___slab_alloc+0x4f1/0x520 __slab_alloc.isra.58+0x56/0x80 kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x260/0x2a0 disk_seqf_start+0x66/0x110 traverse+0x176/0x860 seq_read+0x7e3/0x11a0 proc_reg_read+0xbc/0x180 do_loop_readv_writev+0x134/0x210 do_readv_writev+0x565/0x660 vfs_readv+0x67/0xa0 do_preadv+0x126/0x170 SyS_preadv+0xc/0x10 do_syscall_64+0x1a1/0x460 return_from_SYSCALL_64+0x0/0x6a INFO: Freed in disk_seqf_stop+0x42/0x50 age=160 cpu=1 pid=315 __slab_free+0x17a/0x2c0 kfree+0x20a/0x220 disk_seqf_stop+0x42/0x50 traverse+0x3b5/0x860 seq_read+0x7e3/0x11a0 proc_reg_read+0xbc/0x180 do_loop_readv_writev+0x134/0x210 do_readv_writev+0x565/0x660 vfs_readv+0x67/0xa0 do_preadv+0x126/0x170 SyS_preadv+0xc/0x10 do_syscall_64+0x1a1/0x460 return_from_SYSCALL_64+0x0/0x6a CPU: 1 PID: 315 Comm: trinity-c1 Tainted: G B 4.7.0+ #62 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Ubuntu-1.8.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014 ffffea0002d96000 ffff880119b9f918 ffffffff81d6ce81 ffff88011a804480 ffff8800b6581500 ffff880119b9f948 ffffffff8146c7bd ffff88011a804480 ffffea0002d96000 ffff8800b6581500 fffffffffffffff4 ffff880119b9f970 Call Trace: [<ffffffff81d6ce81>] dump_stack+0x65/0x84 [<ffffffff8146c7bd>] print_trailer+0x10d/0x1a0 [<ffffffff814704ff>] object_err+0x2f/0x40 [<ffffffff814754d1>] kasan_report_error+0x221/0x520 [<ffffffff8147590e>] __asan_report_load8_noabort+0x3e/0x40 [<ffffffff83888161>] klist_iter_exit+0x61/0x70 [<ffffffff82404389>] class_dev_iter_exit+0x9/0x10 [<ffffffff81d2e8ea>] disk_seqf_stop+0x3a/0x50 [<ffffffff8151f812>] seq_read+0x4b2/0x11a0 [<ffffffff815f8fdc>] proc_reg_read+0xbc/0x180 [<ffffffff814b24e4>] do_loop_readv_writev+0x134/0x210 [<ffffffff814b4c45>] do_readv_writev+0x565/0x660 [<ffffffff814b8a17>] vfs_readv+0x67/0xa0 [<ffffffff814b8de6>] do_preadv+0x126/0x170 [<ffffffff814b92ec>] SyS_preadv+0xc/0x10 This problem can occur in the following situation: open() - pread() - .seq_start() - iter = kmalloc() // succeeds - seqf->private = iter - .seq_stop() - kfree(seqf->private) - pread() - .seq_start() - iter = kmalloc() // fails - .seq_stop() - class_dev_iter_exit(seqf->private) // boom! old pointer As the comment in disk_seqf_stop() says, stop is called even if start failed, so we need to reinitialise the private pointer to NULL when seq iteration stops. An alternative would be to set the private pointer to NULL when the kmalloc() in disk_seqf_start() fails. Change-Id: I41ee55505a213f99a92ce630885e6c31b4b60232 Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
* block: separate priority boosting from REQ_METAChristoph Hellwig2016-02-161-10/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | | Add a new REQ_PRIO to let requests preempt others in the cfq I/O schedule, and lave REQ_META purely for marking requests as metadata in blktrace. All existing callers of REQ_META except for XFS are updated to also set REQ_PRIO for now. Backported to 3.0.x by Ketut Putu Kumajaya <ketut.kumajaya@gmail.com> Change-Id: Iad5ba7a105438776f74788c0aedaf85210c613f9
* Merge remote-tracking branch 'korg/linux-3.0.y' into cm-13.0rogersb112015-11-102-1/+3
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Conflicts: crypto/algapi.c drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_debugfs.c drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c drivers/video/fbmem.c include/linux/nls.h kernel/cgroup.c kernel/signal.c kernel/timeconst.pl net/ipv4/ping.c Change-Id: I1f532925d1743df74d66bcdd6fc92f05c72ee0dd
| * block: do not pass disk names as format stringsKees Cook2013-07-131-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit ffc8b30866879ed9ba62bd0a86fecdbd51cd3d19 upstream. Disk names may contain arbitrary strings, so they must not be interpreted as format strings. It seems that only md allows arbitrary strings to be used for disk names, but this could allow for a local memory corruption from uid 0 into ring 0. CVE-2013-2851 Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
| * block: avoid using uninitialized value in from queue_var_storeArnd Bergmann2013-04-121-0/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit c678ef5286ddb5cf70384ad5af286b0afc9b73e1 upstream. As found by gcc-4.8, the QUEUE_SYSFS_BIT_FNS macro creates functions that use a value generated by queue_var_store independent of whether that value was set or not. block/blk-sysfs.c: In function 'queue_store_nonrot': block/blk-sysfs.c:244:385: warning: 'val' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized] Unlike most other such warnings, this one is not a false positive, writing any non-number string into the sysfs files indeed has an undefined result, rather than returning an error. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* | block: add sio ioschedDaniel Hillenbrand2013-04-023-0/+418
| | | | | | | | Change-Id: Iaa76975d4635d2f5c560d39fbf23919410e7e64f
* | block: add row ioschedDaniel Hillenbrand2013-04-023-0/+710
| | | | | | | | Change-Id: I01857784f0506a0b443dd01c801908e0beea5f66
* | Merge remote-tracking branch 'kernelorg/linux-3.0.y' into 3_0_64Andrew Dodd2013-02-272-5/+10
|\| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Conflicts: arch/arm/Kconfig arch/arm/include/asm/hwcap.h arch/arm/kernel/smp.c arch/arm/plat-samsung/adc.c drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_reg.h drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_drv.h drivers/mmc/core/sd.c drivers/net/tun.c drivers/net/usb/usbnet.c drivers/regulator/max8997.c drivers/usb/core/hub.c drivers/usb/host/xhci.h drivers/usb/serial/qcserial.c fs/jbd2/transaction.c include/linux/migrate.h kernel/sys.c kernel/time/timekeeping.c lib/genalloc.c mm/memory-failure.c mm/memory_hotplug.c mm/mempolicy.c mm/page_alloc.c mm/vmalloc.c mm/vmscan.c mm/vmstat.c scripts/Kbuild.include Change-Id: I91e2d85c07320c7ccfc04cf98a448e89bed6ade6
| * scsi: Silence unnecessary warnings about ioctl to partitionJan Kara2012-12-101-1/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 6d9359280753d2955f86d6411047516a9431eb51 upstream. Sometimes, warnings about ioctls to partition happen often enough that they form majority of the warnings in the kernel log and users complain. In some cases warnings are about ioctls such as SG_IO so it's not good to get rid of the warnings completely as they can ease debugging of userspace problems when ioctl is refused. Since I have seen warnings from lots of commands, including some proprietary userspace applications, I don't think disallowing the ioctls for processes with CAP_SYS_RAWIO will happen in the near future if ever. So lets just stop warning for processes with CAP_SYS_RAWIO for which ioctl is allowed. Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> CC: James Bottomley <JBottomley@parallels.com> CC: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Satoru Takeuchi <satoru.takeuchi@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
| * Revert "block: fix request_queue->flags initialization"Greg Kroah-Hartman2012-10-221-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This reverts commit 2101aa5bb084931f22fa08cacd6d69c80afade7f which is commit 60ea8226cbd5c8301f9a39edc574ddabcb8150e0 upstream. To quote Ben: This is not needed, as there is no QUEUE_FLAG_BYPASS in 3.0.y. To quote Tejun: I don't think it will break anything as it simply changes assignment to |= to avoid overwriting existing flags. That said, any patch can break anything, so if possible it would be better to drop for 3.0.y. So I'll revert this to be safe. Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
| * block: fix request_queue->flags initializationTejun Heo2012-10-211-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 60ea8226cbd5c8301f9a39edc574ddabcb8150e0 upstream. A queue newly allocated with blk_alloc_queue_node() has only QUEUE_FLAG_BYPASS set. For request-based drivers, blk_init_allocated_queue() is called and q->queue_flags is overwritten with QUEUE_FLAG_DEFAULT which doesn't include BYPASS even though the initial bypass is still in effect. In blk_init_allocated_queue(), or QUEUE_FLAG_DEFAULT to q->queue_flags instead of overwriting. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
| * block: fix buffer overflow when printing partition UUIDsTejun Heo2012-06-011-4/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 05c69d298c96703741cac9a5cbbf6c53bd55a6e2 upstream. 6d1d8050b4bc8 "block, partition: add partition_meta_info to hd_struct" added part_unpack_uuid() which assumes that the passed in buffer has enough space for sprintfing "%pU" - 37 characters including '\0'. Unfortunately, b5af921ec0233 "init: add support for root devices specified by partition UUID" supplied 33 bytes buffer to the function leading to the following panic with stackprotector enabled. Kernel panic - not syncing: stack-protector: Kernel stack corrupted in: ffffffff81b14c7e [<ffffffff815e226b>] panic+0xba/0x1c6 [<ffffffff81b14c7e>] ? printk_all_partitions+0x259/0x26xb [<ffffffff810566bb>] __stack_chk_fail+0x1b/0x20 [<ffffffff81b15c7e>] printk_all_paritions+0x259/0x26xb [<ffffffff81aedfe0>] mount_block_root+0x1bc/0x27f [<ffffffff81aee0fa>] mount_root+0x57/0x5b [<ffffffff81aee23b>] prepare_namespace+0x13d/0x176 [<ffffffff8107eec0>] ? release_tgcred.isra.4+0x330/0x30 [<ffffffff81aedd60>] kernel_init+0x155/0x15a [<ffffffff81087b97>] ? schedule_tail+0x27/0xb0 [<ffffffff815f4d24>] kernel_thread_helper+0x5/0x10 [<ffffffff81aedc0b>] ? start_kernel+0x3c5/0x3c5 [<ffffffff815f4d20>] ? gs_change+0x13/0x13 Increase the buffer size, remove the dangerous part_unpack_uuid() and use snprintf() directly from printk_all_partitions(). Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Szymon Gruszczynski <sz.gruszczynski@googlemail.com> Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* | merge opensource jb u5codeworkx2012-09-227-1/+29
| | | | | | | | Change-Id: I1aaec157aa196f3448eff8636134fce89a814cf2
* | Merge linux-3.0.31 from korg into jellybeancodeworkx2012-09-185-32/+95
|\| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Conflicts: arch/arm/mm/proc-v7.S drivers/base/core.c drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem_execbuffer.c drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_lvds.c drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/evergreen.c drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/r100.c drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_connectors.c drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/rs600.c drivers/usb/core/hub.c drivers/usb/host/xhci-pci.c drivers/usb/host/xhci.c drivers/usb/serial/qcserial.c fs/proc/base.c Change-Id: Ia98b35db3f8c0bfd95817867d3acb85be8e5e772
| * Block: use a freezable workqueue for disk-event pollingAlan Stern2012-03-191-5/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 62d3c5439c534b0e6c653fc63e6d8c67be3a57b1 upstream. This patch (as1519) fixes a bug in the block layer's disk-events polling. The polling is done by a work routine queued on the system_nrt_wq workqueue. Since that workqueue isn't freezable, the polling continues even in the middle of a system sleep transition. Obviously, polling a suspended drive for media changes and such isn't a good thing to do; in the case of USB mass-storage devices it can lead to real problems requiring device resets and even re-enumeration. The patch fixes things by creating a new system-wide, non-reentrant, freezable workqueue and using it for disk-events polling. Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
| * block: fix __blkdev_get and add_disk race conditionStanislaw Gruszka2012-03-191-13/+19
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 9f53d2fe815b4011ff930a7b6db98385d45faa68 upstream. The following situation might occur: __blkdev_get: add_disk: register_disk() get_gendisk() disk_block_events() disk->ev == NULL disk_add_events() __disk_unblock_events() disk->ev != NULL --ev->block Then we unblock events, when they are suppose to be blocked. This can trigger events related block/genhd.c warnings, but also can crash in sd_check_events() or other places. I'm able to reproduce crashes with the following scripts (with connected usb dongle as sdb disk). <snip> DEV=/dev/sdb ENABLE=/sys/bus/usb/devices/1-2/bConfigurationValue function stop_me() { for i in `jobs -p` ; do kill $i 2> /dev/null ; done exit } trap stop_me SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM for ((i = 0; i < 10; i++)) ; do while true; do fdisk -l $DEV 2>&1 > /dev/null ; done & done while true ; do echo 1 > $ENABLE sleep 1 echo 0 > $ENABLE done </snip> I use the script to verify patch fixing oops in sd_revalidate_disk http://marc.info/?l=linux-scsi&m=132935572512352&w=2 Without Jun'ichi Nomura patch titled "Fix NULL pointer dereference in sd_revalidate_disk" or this one, script easily crash kernel within a few seconds. With both patches applied I do not observe crash. Unfortunately after some time (dozen of minutes), script will hung in: [ 1563.906432] [<c08354f5>] schedule_timeout_uninterruptible+0x15/0x20 [ 1563.906437] [<c04532d5>] msleep+0x15/0x20 [ 1563.906443] [<c05d60b2>] blk_drain_queue+0x32/0xd0 [ 1563.906447] [<c05d6e00>] blk_cleanup_queue+0xd0/0x170 [ 1563.906454] [<c06d278f>] scsi_free_queue+0x3f/0x60 [ 1563.906459] [<c06d7e6e>] __scsi_remove_device+0x6e/0xb0 [ 1563.906463] [<c06d4aff>] scsi_forget_host+0x4f/0x60 [ 1563.906468] [<c06cd84a>] scsi_remove_host+0x5a/0xf0 [ 1563.906482] [<f7f030fb>] quiesce_and_remove_host+0x5b/0xa0 [usb_storage] [ 1563.906490] [<f7f03203>] usb_stor_disconnect+0x13/0x20 [usb_storage] Anyway I think this patch is some step forward. As drawback, I do not teardown on sysfs file create error, because I do not know how to nullify disk->ev (since it can be used). However add_disk error handling practically does not exist too, and things will work without this sysfs file, except events will not be exported to user space. Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
| * bsg: fix sysfs link remove warningStanislaw Gruszka2012-03-121-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 37b40adf2d1b4a5e51323be73ccf8ddcf3f15dd3 upstream. We create "bsg" link if q->kobj.sd is not NULL, so remove it only when the same condition is true. Fixes: WARNING: at fs/sysfs/inode.c:323 sysfs_hash_and_remove+0x2b/0x77() sysfs: can not remove 'bsg', no directory Call Trace: [<c0429683>] warn_slowpath_common+0x6a/0x7f [<c0537a68>] ? sysfs_hash_and_remove+0x2b/0x77 [<c042970b>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x2b/0x2f [<c0537a68>] sysfs_hash_and_remove+0x2b/0x77 [<c053969a>] sysfs_remove_link+0x20/0x23 [<c05d88f1>] bsg_unregister_queue+0x40/0x6d [<c0692263>] __scsi_remove_device+0x31/0x9d [<c069149f>] scsi_forget_host+0x41/0x52 [<c0689fa9>] scsi_remove_host+0x71/0xe0 [<f7de5945>] quiesce_and_remove_host+0x51/0x83 [usb_storage] [<f7de5a1e>] usb_stor_disconnect+0x18/0x22 [usb_storage] [<c06c29de>] usb_unbind_interface+0x4e/0x109 [<c067a80f>] __device_release_driver+0x6b/0xa6 [<c067a861>] device_release_driver+0x17/0x22 [<c067a46a>] bus_remove_device+0xd6/0xe6 [<c06785e2>] device_del+0xf2/0x137 [<c06c101f>] usb_disable_device+0x94/0x1a0 Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Tim Gardner <tim.gardner@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
| * block: fail SCSI passthrough ioctls on partition devicesPaolo Bonzini2012-01-251-0/+45
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 0bfc96cb77224736dfa35c3c555d37b3646ef35e upstream. [ Changes with respect to 3.3: return -ENOTTY from scsi_verify_blk_ioctl and -ENOIOCTLCMD from sd_compat_ioctl. ] Linux allows executing the SG_IO ioctl on a partition or LVM volume, and will pass the command to the underlying block device. This is well-known, but it is also a large security problem when (via Unix permissions, ACLs, SELinux or a combination thereof) a program or user needs to be granted access only to part of the disk. This patch lets partitions forward a small set of harmless ioctls; others are logged with printk so that we can see which ioctls are actually sent. In my tests only CDROM_GET_CAPABILITY actually occurred. Of course it was being sent to a (partition on a) hard disk, so it would have failed with ENOTTY and the patch isn't changing anything in practice. Still, I'm treating it specially to avoid spamming the logs. In principle, this restriction should include programs running with CAP_SYS_RAWIO. If for example I let a program access /dev/sda2 and /dev/sdb, it still should not be able to read/write outside the boundaries of /dev/sda2 independent of the capabilities. However, for now programs with CAP_SYS_RAWIO will still be allowed to send the ioctls. Their actions will still be logged. This patch does not affect the non-libata IDE driver. That driver however already tests for bd != bd->bd_contains before issuing some ioctl; it could be restricted further to forbid these ioctls even for programs running with CAP_SYS_ADMIN/CAP_SYS_RAWIO. Cc: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: James Bottomley <JBottomley@parallels.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> [ Make it also print the command name when warning - Linus ] Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
| * block: add and use scsi_blk_cmd_ioctlPaolo Bonzini2012-01-251-0/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 577ebb374c78314ac4617242f509e2f5e7156649 upstream. Introduce a wrapper around scsi_cmd_ioctl that takes a block device. The function will then be enhanced to detect partition block devices and, in that case, subject the ioctls to whitelisting. Cc: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: James Bottomley <JBottomley@parallels.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
| * block: initialize request_queue's numa node duringMike Snitzer2012-01-061-11/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 5151412dd4338b273afdb107c3772528e9e67d92 upstream. struct request_queue is allocated with __GFP_ZERO so its "node" field is zero before initialization. This causes an oops if node 0 is offline in the page allocator because its zonelists are not initialized. From Dave Young's dmesg: SRAT: Node 1 PXM 2 0-d0000000 SRAT: Node 1 PXM 2 100000000-330000000 SRAT: Node 0 PXM 1 330000000-630000000 Initmem setup node 1 0000000000000000-000000000affb000 ... Built 1 zonelists in Node order, mobility grouping on. ... BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at 0000000000001c08 IP: [<ffffffff8111c355>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0xb5/0x870 and __alloc_pages_nodemask+0xb5 translates to a NULL pointer on zonelist->_zonerefs. The fix is to initialize q->node at the time of allocation so the correct node is passed to the slab allocator later. Since blk_init_allocated_queue_node() is no longer needed, merge it with blk_init_allocated_queue(). [rientjes@google.com: changelog, initializing q->node] Reported-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Tested-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
| * cfq-iosched: fix cfq_cic_link() race confitionYasuaki Ishimatsu2012-01-061-2/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 5eb46851de3904cd1be9192fdacb8d34deadc1fc upstream. cfq_cic_link() has race condition. When some processes which shared ioc issue I/O to same block device simultaneously, cfq_cic_link() returns -EEXIST sometimes. The race condition might stop I/O by following steps: step 1: Process A: Issue an I/O to /dev/sda step 2: Process A: Get an ioc (iocA here) in get_io_context() which does not linked with a cic for the device step 3: Process A: Get a new cic for the device (cicA here) in cfq_alloc_io_context() step 4: Process B: Issue an I/O to /dev/sda step 5: Process B: Get iocA in get_io_context() since process A and B share the same ioc step 6: Process B: Get a new cic for the device (cicB here) in cfq_alloc_io_context() since iocA has not been linked with a cic for the device yet step 7: Process A: Link cicA to iocA in cfq_cic_link() step 8: Process A: Dispatch I/O to driver and finish it step 9: Process B: Try to link cicB to iocA in cfq_cic_link() But it fails with showing "cfq: cic link failed!" kernel message, since iocA has already linked with cicA at step 7. step 10: Process B: Wait for finishig I/O in get_request_wait() The function does not wake up, when there is no I/O to the device. When cfq_cic_link() returns -EEXIST, it means ioc has already linked with cic. So when cfq_cic_link() return -EEXIST, retry cfq_cic_lookup(). Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
| * cfq-iosched: free cic_index if blkio_alloc_blkg_stats failsmajianpeng2012-01-061-0/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 2984ff38ccf6cbc02a7a996a36c7d6f69f3c6146 upstream. If we fail allocating the blkpg stats, we free cfqd and cfgq. But we need to free the IDA cfqd->cic_index as well. Signed-off-by: majianpeng <majianpeng@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* | samsung update 1codeworkx2012-06-021-5/+34
|/
* block: Always check length of all iov entries in blk_rq_map_user_iov()Ben Hutchings2011-11-211-3/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 6b76106d8ef31111d6fc469564b83b5f5542794f upstream. Even after commit 5478755616ae2ef1ce144dded589b62b2a50d575 ("block: check for proper length of iov entries earlier ...") we still won't check for zero-length entries after an unaligned entry. Remove the break-statement, so all entries are checked. Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* block: make gendisk hold a reference to its queueTejun Heo2011-11-111-0/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit f992ae801a7dec34a4ed99a6598bbbbfb82af4fb upstream. The following command sequence triggers an oops. # mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt # echo 1 > /sys/class/scsi_device/0\:0\:1\:0/device/delete # umount /mnt general protection fault: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP CPU 2 Modules linked in: Pid: 791, comm: umount Not tainted 3.1.0-rc3-work+ #8 Bochs Bochs RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff810d0879>] [<ffffffff810d0879>] __lock_acquire+0x389/0x1d60 ... Call Trace: [<ffffffff810d2845>] lock_acquire+0x95/0x140 [<ffffffff81aed87b>] _raw_spin_lock+0x3b/0x50 [<ffffffff811573bc>] bdi_lock_two+0x5c/0x70 [<ffffffff811c2f6c>] bdev_inode_switch_bdi+0x4c/0xf0 [<ffffffff811c3fcb>] __blkdev_put+0x11b/0x1d0 [<ffffffff811c4010>] __blkdev_put+0x160/0x1d0 [<ffffffff811c40df>] blkdev_put+0x5f/0x190 [<ffffffff8118f18d>] kill_block_super+0x4d/0x80 [<ffffffff8118f4a5>] deactivate_locked_super+0x45/0x70 [<ffffffff8119003a>] deactivate_super+0x4a/0x70 [<ffffffff811ac4ad>] mntput_no_expire+0xed/0x130 [<ffffffff811acf2e>] sys_umount+0x7e/0x3a0 [<ffffffff81aeeeab>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b This is because bdev holds on to disk but disk doesn't pin the associated queue. If a SCSI device is removed while the device is still open, the sdev puts the base reference to the queue on release. When the bdev is finally released, the associated queue is already gone along with the bdi and bdev_inode_switch_bdi() ends up dereferencing already freed bdi. Even if it were not for this bug, disk not holding onto the associated queue is very unusual and error-prone. Fix it by making add_disk() take an extra reference to its queue and put it on disk_release() and ensuring that disk and its fops owner are put in that order after all accesses to the disk and queue are complete. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* block: Free queue resources at blk_release_queue()Hannes Reinecke2011-10-032-7/+11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 777eb1bf15b8532c396821774bf6451e563438f5 upstream. A kernel crash is observed when a mounted ext3/ext4 filesystem is physically removed. The problem is that blk_cleanup_queue() frees up some resources eg by calling elevator_exit(), which are not checked for in normal operation. So we should rather move these calls to the destructor function blk_release_queue() as at that point all remaining references are gone. However, in doing so we have to ensure that any externally supplied queue_lock is disconnected as the driver might free up the lock after the call of blk_cleanup_queue(), Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* blk-cgroup: be able to remove the record of unplugged deviceWanlong Gao2011-10-031-21/+16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit d11bb4462c4cc6ddd45c6927c617ad79fa6fb8fc upstream. The bug is we're not able to remove the device from blkio cgroup's per-device control files if it gets unplugged. To reproduce the bug: # mount -t cgroup -o blkio xxx /cgroup # cd /cgroup # echo "8:0 1000" > blkio.throttle.read_bps_device # unplug the device # cat blkio.throttle.read_bps_device 8:0 1000 # echo "8:0 0" > blkio.throttle.read_bps_device -bash: echo: write error: No such device After patching, the device removal will succeed. Thanks for the comments of Paul, Zefan, and Vivek. Signed-off-by: Wanlong Gao <gaowanlong@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Paul Menage <paul@paulmenage.org> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* fix crash in scsi_dispatch_cmd()James Bottomley2011-08-042-0/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit bfe159a51203c15d23cb3158fffdc25ec4b4dda1 upstream. USB surprise removal of sr is triggering an oops in scsi_dispatch_command(). What seems to be happening is that USB is hanging on to a queue reference until the last close of the upper device, so the crash is caused by surprise remove of a mounted CD followed by attempted unmount. The problem is that USB doesn't issue its final commands as part of the SCSI teardown path, but on last close when the block queue is long gone. The long term fix is probably to make sr do the teardown in the same way as sd (so remove all the lower bits on ejection, but keep the upper disk alive until last close of user space). However, the current oops can be simply fixed by not allowing any commands to be sent to a dead queue. Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <JBottomley@Parallels.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* cfq-iosched: make code consistentShaohua Li2011-06-271-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | ioc->ioc_data is rcu protectd, so uses correct API to access it. This doesn't change any behavior, but just make code consistent. Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org # after ab4bd22d Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* cfq-iosched: fix a rcu warningShaohua Li2011-06-271-1/+4
| | | | | | | | | I got a rcu warnning at boot. the ioc->ioc_data is rcu_deferenced, but doesn't hold rcu_read_lock. Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org # after ab4bd22d Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* block: Add __attribute__((format(printf...) and fix falloutJoe Perches2011-06-132-7/+8
| | | | | | | | | Use the compiler to verify format strings and arguments. Fix fallout. Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* block: make disk_block_events() properly wait for work cancellationTejun Heo2011-06-091-0/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | disk_block_events() should guarantee that the event work is not in flight on return and once blocked it shouldn't issue further cancellations. Because there was no synchronization between the first blocker doing cancel_delayed_work_sync() and the following blockers, the following blockers could finish before cancellation was complete, which broke both guarantees - event work could be in flight and cancellation could happen after return. This bug triggered WARN_ON_ONCE() in disk_clear_events() reported in bug#34662. https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=34662 Fix it by adding an outer mutex which protects both block count manipulation and work cancellation. -v2: Use outer mutex instead of bit waitqueue per Linus. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Tested-by: Sitsofe Wheeler <sitsofe@yahoo.com> Reported-by: Sitsofe Wheeler <sitsofe@yahoo.com> Reported-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Reported-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee> Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* block: remove non-syncing __disk_block_events() and fold it into ↵Tejun Heo2011-06-091-31/+24
| | | | | | | | | | | | | disk_block_events() After the previous update to disk_check_events(), nobody is using non-syncing __disk_block_events(). Remove @sync and, as this makes __disk_block_events() virtually identical to disk_block_events(), remove the underscore prefixed version. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* block: don't use non-syncing event blocking in disk_check_events()Tejun Heo2011-06-091-3/+11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch is part of fix for triggering of WARN_ON_ONCE() in disk_clear_events() reported in bug#34662. https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=34662 disk_clear_events() blocks events, schedules and flushes the event work. It expects the work to have started execution on schedule and finished on return from flush. WARN_ON_ONCE() triggers if the event work hasn't executed as expected. This problem happens because __disk_block_events() fails to guarantee that the event work item is not in flight on return from the function in race-free manner. The problem is two-fold and this patch addresses one of them. When __disk_block_events() is called with @sync == %false, it bumps event block count, calls cancel_delayed_work() and return. This makes it impossible to guarantee that event polling is not in flight on return from syncing __disk_block_events() - if the first blocker was non-syncing, polling could still be in progress and later syncing ones would assume that the first blocker already canceled it. Making __disk_block_events() cancel_sync regardless of block count isn't feasible either as it may race with forced event checking in disk_clear_events(). As disk_check_events() is the only user of non-syncing __disk_block_events(), updating it to directly cancel and schedule event work is the easiest way to solve the issue. Note that there's another bug in __disk_block_events() and this patch doesn't fix the issue completely. Later patch will fix the other bug. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Tested-by: Sitsofe Wheeler <sitsofe@yahoo.com> Reported-by: Sitsofe Wheeler <sitsofe@yahoo.com> Reported-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Reported-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee> Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* cfq-iosched: fix locking around ioc->ioc_data assignmentJens Axboe2011-06-061-1/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Since we are modifying this RCU pointer, we need to hold the lock protecting it around it. This fixes a potential reuse and double free of a cfq io_context structure. The bug has been in CFQ for a long time, it hit very few people but those it did hit seemed to see it a lot. Tracked in RH bugzilla here: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=577968 Credit goes to Paul Bolle for figuring out that the issue was around the one-hit ioc->ioc_data cache. Thanks to his hard work the issue is now fixed. Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* block: Use hlist_entry() for io_context.cic_list.firstPaul Bolle2011-06-021-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | list_entry() and hlist_entry() are both simply aliases for container_of(), but since io_context.cic_list.first is an hlist_node one should at least use the correct alias. Signed-off-by: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* cfq-iosched: Remove bogus check in queue_fail pathPaul Bolle2011-06-021-3/+0
| | | | | | | | queue_fail can only be reached if cic is NULL, so its check for cic must be bogus. Signed-off-by: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* CFQ: Fix typo and remove unnecessary semicolonKyungmin Park2011-05-311-4/+4
| | | | | | | Fix comment typo and remove unnecessary semicolon at macro Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-blockLinus Torvalds2011-05-272-4/+3
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: loop: export module parameters block: export blk_{get,put}_queue() block: remove unused variable in bio_attempt_front_merge() block: always allocate genhd->ev if check_events is implemented brd: export module parameters brd: fix comment on initial device creation brd: handle on-demand devices correctly brd: limit 'max_part' module param to DISK_MAX_PARTS brd: get rid of unused members from struct brd_device block: fix oops on !disk->queue and sysfs discard alignment display
| * block: export blk_{get,put}_queue()Jens Axboe2011-05-271-0/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | We need them in SCSI to fix a bug, but currently they are not exported to modules. Export them. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
| * block: remove unused variable in bio_attempt_front_merge()Luca Tettamanti2011-05-261-3/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | sector is never read inside the function. Signed-off-by: Luca Tettamanti <kronos.it@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
| * block: always allocate genhd->ev if check_events is implementedTejun Heo2011-05-261-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9fd097b149 (block: unexport DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE for legacy/fringe drivers) removed DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE from legacy/fringe block drivers which have inadequate ->check_events(). Combined with earlier change 7c88a168da (block: don't propagate unlisted DISK_EVENTs to userland), this enables using ->check_events() for internal processing while avoiding enabling in-kernel block event polling which can lead to infinite event loop. Unfortunately, this made many drivers including floppy without any bit set in disk->events and ->async_events in which case disk_add_events() simply skipped allocation of disk->ev, which disables whole event handling. As ->check_events() is still used during open processing for revalidation, this can lead to open failure. This patch always allocates disk->ev if ->check_events is implemented. In the long term, it would make sense to simply include the event structure inline into genhd as it's now used by virtually all block devices. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Ondrej Zary <linux@rainbow-software.org> Reported-by: Alex Villacis Lasso <avillaci@ceibo.fiec.espol.edu.ec> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* | cgroups: add per-thread subsystem callbacksBen Blum2011-05-261-12/+6
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add cgroup subsystem callbacks for per-thread attachment in atomic contexts Add can_attach_task(), pre_attach(), and attach_task() as new callbacks for cgroups's subsystem interface. Unlike can_attach and attach, these are for per-thread operations, to be called potentially many times when attaching an entire threadgroup. Also, the old "bool threadgroup" interface is removed, as replaced by this. All subsystems are modified for the new interface - of note is cpuset, which requires from/to nodemasks for attach to be globally scoped (though per-cpuset would work too) to persist from its pre_attach to attach_task and attach. This is a pre-patch for cgroup-procs-writable.patch. Signed-off-by: Ben Blum <bblum@andrew.cmu.edu> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* cfq-iosched: free cic_index if cfqd allocation failsNamhyung Kim2011-05-241-1/+5
| | | | | | | When struct cfq_data allocation fails, cic_index need to be freed. Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* cfq-iosched: remove unused 'group_changed' in cfq_service_tree_add()Namhyung Kim2011-05-241-2/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | The 'group_changed' variable is initialized to 0 and never changed, so checking the variable is meaningless. It is a leftover from 0bbfeb832042 ("cfq-iosched: Always provide group iosolation."). Let's get rid of it. Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Justin TerAvest <teravest@google.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* cfq-iosched: reduce bit operations in cfq_choose_req()Namhyung Kim2011-05-241-9/+5
| | | | | | | | Reduce the number of bit operations in cfq_choose_req() on average (and worst) cases. Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* cfq-iosched: algebraic simplification in cfq_prio_to_maxrq()Namhyung Kim2011-05-241-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | Simplify the calculation in cfq_prio_to_maxrq(), plus replace CFQ_PRIO_LISTS to IOPRIO_BE_NR since they are the same and IOPRIO_BE_NR looks more reasonable in this context IMHO. Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* blk-cgroup: Initialize ioc->cgroup_changed at ioc creation timeVivek Goyal2011-05-231-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | If we don't explicitly initialize it to zero, CFQ might think that cgroup of ioc has changed and it generates lots of unnecessary calls to call_for_each_cic(changed_cgroup). Fix it. cfq_get_io_context() cfq_ioc_set_cgroup() call_for_each_cic(ioc, changed_cgroup) Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* block: call elv_bio_merged() when mergedVivek Goyal2011-05-231-0/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | Commit 73c101011926 ("block: initial patch for on-stack per-task plugging") removed calls to elv_bio_merged() when @bio merged with @req. Re-add them. This in turn will update merged stats in associated group. That should be safe as long as request has got reference to the blkio_group. Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Divyesh Shah <dpshah@google.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
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