Merge tag 'android-10.0.0_r37' into staging/lineage-17.1_merge-android-10.0.0_r37

Android 10.0.0 Release 37 (QQ3A.200605.001)

* tag 'android-10.0.0_r37':
  Add a flag for refresh rate switching
  Disable deep press when long press timeout is long
  Properly initialize MotionClassifier
  sf: avoid assumption remote binder is local
  installd: add dex2oat cpu-set system properties
  Swap video frame rotation direction.
  libvulkan: remove a redundant check debuggable logic
  vkjson: Use Vulkan API version 1.1 on VkJsonGetInstance
  Changing logic that generates virtual SENSOR_TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION.
  DO NOT MERGE: SF: fix SurfaceFlinger freeze
  [installd] Remove boot complete marker
  Fix addition/overflow checks.
  GraphicsEnv: refactor to unify the debuggable logic

Conflicts:
	services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp

Change-Id: I39fd5ce530da4efea3bdcf4550e199cacedf378d

43 files changed, 676 insertions, 691 deletions

diff --git a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
index e6de4f02f..ecf09fcaf 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
@@ -2141,26 +2141,6 @@ binder::Status InstalldNativeService::compileLayouts(const std::string& apkPath,
     return *_aidl_return ? ok() : error("viewcompiler failed");
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::markBootComplete(const std::string& instructionSet) {
-    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
-    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mLock);
-
-    const char* instruction_set = instructionSet.c_str();
-
-    char boot_marker_path[PKG_PATH_MAX];
-    sprintf(boot_marker_path,
-          "%s/%s/%s/.booting",
-          android_data_dir.c_str(),
-          DALVIK_CACHE,
-          instruction_set);
-
-    ALOGV("mark_boot_complete : %s", boot_marker_path);
-    if (unlink(boot_marker_path) != 0) {
-        return error(StringPrintf("Failed to unlink %s", boot_marker_path));
-    }
-    return ok();
-}
-
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::linkNativeLibraryDirectory(
         const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, const std::string& packageName,
         const std::string& nativeLibPath32, int32_t userId) {
diff --git a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
index 2b7bf33cb..eba966d4a 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
+++ b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
@@ -123,7 +123,6 @@ public:
             int32_t uid);
     binder::Status removeIdmap(const std::string& overlayApkPath);
     binder::Status rmPackageDir(const std::string& packageDir);
-    binder::Status markBootComplete(const std::string& instructionSet);
     binder::Status freeCache(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, int64_t targetFreeBytes,
             int64_t cacheReservedBytes, int32_t flags);
     binder::Status linkNativeLibraryDirectory(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
diff --git a/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/IInstalld.aidl b/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/IInstalld.aidl
index d99bcc8d1..f0d38acd0 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/IInstalld.aidl
+++ b/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/IInstalld.aidl
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ interface IInstalld {
     void idmap(@utf8InCpp String targetApkPath, @utf8InCpp String overlayApkPath, int uid);
     void removeIdmap(@utf8InCpp String overlayApkPath);
     void rmPackageDir(@utf8InCpp String packageDir);
-    void markBootComplete(@utf8InCpp String instructionSet);
     void freeCache(@nullable @utf8InCpp String uuid, long targetFreeBytes,
             long cacheReservedBytes, int flags);
     void linkNativeLibraryDirectory(@nullable @utf8InCpp String uuid,
diff --git a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
index dbb4f2237..5fb13a5c5 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
@@ -336,6 +336,10 @@ class RunDex2Oat : public ExecVHelper {
                 ? "dalvik.vm.dex2oat-threads"
                 : "dalvik.vm.boot-dex2oat-threads";
         std::string dex2oat_threads_arg = MapPropertyToArg(threads_property, "-j%s");
+        const char* cpu_set_property = post_bootcomplete
+                ? "dalvik.vm.dex2oat-cpu-set"
+                : "dalvik.vm.boot-dex2oat-cpu-set";
+        std::string dex2oat_cpu_set_arg = MapPropertyToArg(cpu_set_property, "--cpu-set=%s");
 
         std::string bootclasspath;
         char* dex2oat_bootclasspath = getenv("DEX2OATBOOTCLASSPATH");
@@ -507,6 +511,7 @@ class RunDex2Oat : public ExecVHelper {
         AddArg(image_block_size_arg);
         AddArg(dex2oat_compiler_filter_arg);
         AddArg(dex2oat_threads_arg);
+        AddArg(dex2oat_cpu_set_arg);
         AddArg(dex2oat_swap_fd);
         AddArg(dex2oat_image_fd);
 
diff --git a/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp b/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp
index de7b2499b..9bc5fc81d 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp
@@ -478,6 +478,10 @@ private:
                 "-j",
                 false,
                 cmd);
+        AddCompilerOptionFromSystemProperty("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-cpu-set",
+                "--cpu-set=",
+                false,
+                cmd);
         AddCompilerOptionFromSystemProperty(
                 StringPrintf("dalvik.vm.isa.%s.variant", isa).c_str(),
                 "--instruction-set-variant=",
diff --git a/libs/binder/BufferedTextOutput.cpp b/libs/binder/BufferedTextOutput.cpp
index 857bbf951..2978b539d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/BufferedTextOutput.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/BufferedTextOutput.cpp
@@ -49,9 +49,10 @@ struct BufferedTextOutput::BufferState : public RefBase
     }
     
     status_t append(const char* txt, size_t len) {
+        if (len > SIZE_MAX - bufferPos) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
         if ((len+bufferPos) > bufferSize) {
+            if ((len + bufferPos) > SIZE_MAX / 3) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
             size_t newSize = ((len+bufferPos)*3)/2;
-            if (newSize < (len+bufferPos)) return NO_MEMORY;    // overflow
             void* b = realloc(buffer, newSize);
             if (!b) return NO_MEMORY;
             buffer = (char*)b;
diff --git a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
index 5ad30271d..11441eca6 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
@@ -520,8 +520,10 @@ status_t Parcel::appendFrom(const Parcel *parcel, size_t offset, size_t len)
         const sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
         // grow objects
         if (mObjectsCapacity < mObjectsSize + numObjects) {
+            if ((size_t) numObjects > SIZE_MAX - mObjectsSize) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
+            if (mObjectsSize + numObjects > SIZE_MAX / 3) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
             size_t newSize = ((mObjectsSize + numObjects)*3)/2;
-            if (newSize*sizeof(binder_size_t) < mObjectsSize) return NO_MEMORY;   // overflow
+            if (newSize > SIZE_MAX / sizeof(binder_size_t)) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
             binder_size_t *objects =
                 (binder_size_t*)realloc(mObjects, newSize*sizeof(binder_size_t));
             if (objects == (binder_size_t*)nullptr) {
@@ -1399,8 +1401,10 @@ restart_write:
         if (err != NO_ERROR) return err;
     }
     if (!enoughObjects) {
+        if (mObjectsSize > SIZE_MAX - 2) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
+        if ((mObjectsSize + 2) > SIZE_MAX / 3) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
         size_t newSize = ((mObjectsSize+2)*3)/2;
-        if (newSize*sizeof(binder_size_t) < mObjectsSize) return NO_MEMORY;   // overflow
+        if (newSize > SIZE_MAX / sizeof(binder_size_t)) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
         binder_size_t* objects = (binder_size_t*)realloc(mObjects, newSize*sizeof(binder_size_t));
         if (objects == nullptr) return NO_MEMORY;
         mObjects = objects;
@@ -2685,6 +2689,8 @@ status_t Parcel::growData(size_t len)
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
+    if (len > SIZE_MAX - mDataSize) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
+    if (mDataSize + len > SIZE_MAX / 3) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
     size_t newSize = ((mDataSize+len)*3)/2;
     return (newSize <= mDataSize)
             ? (status_t) NO_MEMORY
diff --git a/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp b/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
index bb9e263ac..6e59cc504 100644
--- a/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
+++ b/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
@@ -139,12 +139,8 @@ static const std::string getSystemNativeLibraries(NativeLibrary type) {
     return env;
 }
 
-int GraphicsEnv::getCanLoadSystemLibraries() {
-    if (property_get_bool("ro.debuggable", false) && prctl(PR_GET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0)) {
-        // Return an integer value since this crosses library boundaries
-        return 1;
-    }
-    return 0;
+bool GraphicsEnv::isDebuggable() {
+    return prctl(PR_GET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0) > 0;
 }
 
 void GraphicsEnv::setDriverPathAndSphalLibraries(const std::string path,
diff --git a/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h b/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h
index 937bcd9ac..227b4587c 100644
--- a/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h
+++ b/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h
@@ -84,7 +84,16 @@ private:
 public:
     static GraphicsEnv& getInstance();
 
-    int getCanLoadSystemLibraries();
+    // Check if the process is debuggable. It returns false except in any of the
+    // following circumstances:
+    // 1. ro.debuggable=1 (global debuggable enabled).
+    // 2. android:debuggable="true" in the manifest for an individual app.
+    // 3. An app which explicitly calls prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 1).
+    // 4. GraphicsEnv calls prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 1) in the presence of
+    //    <meta-data android:name="com.android.graphics.injectLayers.enable"
+    //               android:value="true"/>
+    //    in the application manifest.
+    bool isDebuggable();
 
     // Set a search path for loading graphics drivers. The path is a list of
     // directories separated by ':'. A directory can be contained in a zip file
diff --git a/libs/input/TouchVideoFrame.cpp b/libs/input/TouchVideoFrame.cpp
index 8a4298a36..ce76e3fa6 100644
--- a/libs/input/TouchVideoFrame.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/TouchVideoFrame.cpp
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ const struct timeval& TouchVideoFrame::getTimestamp() const { return mTimestamp;
 void TouchVideoFrame::rotate(int32_t orientation) {
     switch (orientation) {
         case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90:
-            rotateQuarterTurn(true /*clockwise*/);
+            rotateQuarterTurn(false /*clockwise*/);
             break;
         case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180:
             rotate180();
             break;
         case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270:
-            rotateQuarterTurn(false /*clockwise*/);
+            rotateQuarterTurn(true /*clockwise*/);
             break;
     }
 }
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/TouchVideoFrame_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/TouchVideoFrame_test.cpp
index 815424ee3..fe06cad72 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/TouchVideoFrame_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/TouchVideoFrame_test.cpp
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ TEST(TouchVideoFrame, Rotate90_1x1) {
 
 TEST(TouchVideoFrame, Rotate90_2x2) {
     TouchVideoFrame frame(2, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4}, TIMESTAMP);
-    TouchVideoFrame frameRotated(2, 2, {3, 1, 4, 2}, TIMESTAMP);
+    TouchVideoFrame frameRotated(2, 2, {2, 4, 1, 3}, TIMESTAMP);
     frame.rotate(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90);
     ASSERT_EQ(frame, frameRotated);
 }
 
 TEST(TouchVideoFrame, Rotate90_3x2) {
     TouchVideoFrame frame(3, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, TIMESTAMP);
-    TouchVideoFrame frameRotated(2, 3, {5, 3, 1, 6, 4, 2}, TIMESTAMP);
+    TouchVideoFrame frameRotated(2, 3, {2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5}, TIMESTAMP);
     frame.rotate(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90);
     ASSERT_EQ(frame, frameRotated);
 }
@@ -170,14 +170,14 @@ TEST(TouchVideoFrame, Rotate270_1x1) {
 
 TEST(TouchVideoFrame, Rotate270_2x2) {
     TouchVideoFrame frame(2, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4}, TIMESTAMP);
-    TouchVideoFrame frameRotated(2, 2, {2, 4, 1, 3}, TIMESTAMP);
+    TouchVideoFrame frameRotated(2, 2, {3, 1, 4, 2}, TIMESTAMP);
     frame.rotate(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270);
     ASSERT_EQ(frame, frameRotated);
 }
 
 TEST(TouchVideoFrame, Rotate270_3x2) {
     TouchVideoFrame frame(3, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, TIMESTAMP);
-    TouchVideoFrame frameRotated(2, 3, {2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5}, TIMESTAMP);
+    TouchVideoFrame frameRotated(2, 3, {5, 3, 1, 6, 4, 2}, TIMESTAMP);
     frame.rotate(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270);
     ASSERT_EQ(frame, frameRotated);
 }
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_layers.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_layers.cpp
index ac01dc8f9..ba7cacdbf 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_layers.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_layers.cpp
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ void LayerLoader::LoadLayers() {
 
     // Only enable the system search path for non-user builds
     std::string system_path;
-    if (property_get_bool("ro.debuggable", false) && prctl(PR_GET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0)) {
+    if (android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().isDebuggable()) {
         system_path = kSystemLayerLibraryDir;
     }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
index bebc41787..0a6eed8c4 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ cc_library_shared {
         "liblog",
         "libutils",
         "libui",
-        "server_configurable_flags",
     ],
 
     cflags: [
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.cpp
index ef1a2247e..cda0e0cdc 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 #if defined(__linux__)
     #include <pthread.h>
 #endif
-#include <server_configurable_flags/get_flags.h>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 #include <android/hardware/input/classifier/1.0/IInputClassifier.h>
@@ -46,13 +45,6 @@ using namespace android::hardware::input;
 
 namespace android {
 
-static constexpr bool DEBUG = false;
-
-// Category (=namespace) name for the input settings that are applied at boot time
-static const char* INPUT_NATIVE_BOOT = "input_native_boot";
-// Feature flag name for the deep press feature
-static const char* DEEP_PRESS_ENABLED = "deep_press_enabled";
-
 //Max number of elements to store in mEvents.
 static constexpr size_t MAX_EVENTS = 5;
 
@@ -79,20 +71,6 @@ static bool isTouchEvent(const NotifyMotionArgs& args) {
     return args.source == AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD || args.source == AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN;
 }
 
-// Check if the "deep touch" feature is on.
-static bool deepPressEnabled() {
-    std::string flag_value = server_configurable_flags::GetServerConfigurableFlag(
-            INPUT_NATIVE_BOOT, DEEP_PRESS_ENABLED, "true");
-    std::transform(flag_value.begin(), flag_value.end(), flag_value.begin(), ::tolower);
-    if (flag_value == "1" || flag_value == "true") {
-        ALOGI("Deep press feature enabled.");
-        return true;
-    }
-    ALOGI("Deep press feature is not enabled.");
-    return false;
-}
-
-
 // --- ClassifierEvent ---
 
 ClassifierEvent::ClassifierEvent(std::unique_ptr<NotifyMotionArgs> args) :
@@ -141,53 +119,40 @@ std::optional<int32_t> ClassifierEvent::getDeviceId() const {
 
 // --- MotionClassifier ---
 
-MotionClassifier::MotionClassifier(sp<android::hardware::hidl_death_recipient> deathRecipient) :
-        mDeathRecipient(deathRecipient), mEvents(MAX_EVENTS) {
-    mHalThread = std::thread(&MotionClassifier::callInputClassifierHal, this);
+MotionClassifier::MotionClassifier(
+        sp<android::hardware::input::classifier::V1_0::IInputClassifier> service)
+      : mEvents(MAX_EVENTS), mService(service) {
+    // Under normal operation, we do not need to reset the HAL here. But in the case where system
+    // crashed, but HAL didn't, we may be connecting to an existing HAL process that might already
+    // have received events in the past. That means, that HAL could be in an inconsistent state
+    // once it receives events from the newly created MotionClassifier.
+    mEvents.push(ClassifierEvent::createHalResetEvent());
+
+    mHalThread = std::thread(&MotionClassifier::processEvents, this);
 #if defined(__linux__)
     // Set the thread name for debugging
     pthread_setname_np(mHalThread.native_handle(), "InputClassifier");
 #endif
 }
 
-/**
- * This function may block for some time to initialize the HAL, so it should only be called
- * from the "InputClassifier HAL" thread.
- */
-bool MotionClassifier::init() {
-    ensureHalThread(__func__);
+std::unique_ptr<MotionClassifierInterface> MotionClassifier::create(
+        sp<android::hardware::hidl_death_recipient> deathRecipient) {
     sp<android::hardware::input::classifier::V1_0::IInputClassifier> service =
             classifier::V1_0::IInputClassifier::getService();
     if (!service) {
         // Not really an error, maybe the device does not have this HAL,
         // but somehow the feature flag is flipped
         ALOGI("Could not obtain InputClassifier HAL");
-        return false;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
-    sp<android::hardware::hidl_death_recipient> recipient = mDeathRecipient.promote();
-    if (recipient != nullptr) {
-        const bool linked = service->linkToDeath(recipient, 0 /* cookie */).withDefault(false);
-        if (!linked) {
-            ALOGE("Could not link MotionClassifier to the HAL death");
-            return false;
-        }
+    const bool linked = service->linkToDeath(deathRecipient, 0 /* cookie */).withDefault(false);
+    if (!linked) {
+        ALOGE("Could not link death recipient to the HAL death");
+        return nullptr;
     }
-
-    // Under normal operation, we do not need to reset the HAL here. But in the case where system
-    // crashed, but HAL didn't, we may be connecting to an existing HAL process that might already
-    // have received events in the past. That means, that HAL could be in an inconsistent state
-    // once it receives events from the newly created MotionClassifier.
-    mEvents.push(ClassifierEvent::createHalResetEvent());
-
-    {
-        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-        if (mService) {
-            ALOGE("MotionClassifier::%s should only be called once", __func__);
-        }
-        mService = service;
-    }
-    return true;
+    // Using 'new' to access a non-public constructor
+    return std::unique_ptr<MotionClassifier>(new MotionClassifier(service));
 }
 
 MotionClassifier::~MotionClassifier() {
@@ -195,14 +160,6 @@ MotionClassifier::~MotionClassifier() {
     mHalThread.join();
 }
 
-void MotionClassifier::ensureHalThread(const char* function) {
-    if (DEBUG) {
-        if (std::this_thread::get_id() != mHalThread.get_id()) {
-            LOG_FATAL("Function %s should only be called from InputClassifier thread", function);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /**
  * Obtain the classification from the HAL for a given MotionEvent.
  * Should only be called from the InputClassifier thread (mHalThread).
@@ -213,23 +170,7 @@ void MotionClassifier::ensureHalThread(const char* function) {
  * To remove any possibility of negatively affecting the touch latency, the HAL
  * is called from a dedicated thread.
  */
-void MotionClassifier::callInputClassifierHal() {
-    ensureHalThread(__func__);
-    const bool initialized = init();
-    if (!initialized) {
-        // MotionClassifier no longer useful.
-        // Deliver death notification from a separate thread
-        // because ~MotionClassifier may be invoked, which calls mHalThread.join()
-        std::thread([deathRecipient = mDeathRecipient](){
-                sp<android::hardware::hidl_death_recipient> recipient = deathRecipient.promote();
-                if (recipient != nullptr) {
-                    recipient->serviceDied(0 /*cookie*/, nullptr);
-                }
-        }).detach();
-        return;
-    }
-    // From this point on, mService is guaranteed to be non-null.
-
+void MotionClassifier::processEvents() {
     while (true) {
         ClassifierEvent event = mEvents.pop();
         bool halResponseOk = true;
@@ -383,24 +324,41 @@ void MotionClassifier::dump(std::string& dump) {
     }
 }
 
+// --- HalDeathRecipient
 
-// --- InputClassifier ---
+InputClassifier::HalDeathRecipient::HalDeathRecipient(InputClassifier& parent) : mParent(parent) {}
 
-InputClassifier::InputClassifier(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) :
-        mListener(listener) {
-    // The rest of the initialization is done in onFirstRef, because we need to obtain
-    // an sp to 'this' in order to register for HAL death notifications
+void InputClassifier::HalDeathRecipient::serviceDied(
+        uint64_t cookie, const wp<android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase>& who) {
+    sp<android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase> service = who.promote();
+    if (service) {
+        service->unlinkToDeath(this);
+    }
+    mParent.setMotionClassifier(nullptr);
 }
 
-void InputClassifier::onFirstRef() {
-    if (!deepPressEnabled()) {
-        // If feature is not enabled, MotionClassifier should stay null to avoid unnecessary work.
-        // When MotionClassifier is null, InputClassifier will forward all events
-        // to the next InputListener, unmodified.
-        return;
+// --- InputClassifier ---
+
+InputClassifier::InputClassifier(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener)
+      : mListener(listener), mHalDeathRecipient(new HalDeathRecipient(*this)) {}
+
+void InputClassifier::setMotionClassifierEnabled(bool enabled) {
+    if (enabled) {
+        ALOGI("Enabling motion classifier");
+        if (mInitializeMotionClassifierThread.joinable()) {
+            mInitializeMotionClassifierThread.join();
+        }
+        mInitializeMotionClassifierThread = std::thread(
+                [this] { setMotionClassifier(MotionClassifier::create(mHalDeathRecipient)); });
+#if defined(__linux__)
+        // Set the thread name for debugging
+        pthread_setname_np(mInitializeMotionClassifierThread.native_handle(),
+                           "Create MotionClassifier");
+#endif
+    } else {
+        ALOGI("Disabling motion classifier");
+        setMotionClassifier(nullptr);
     }
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-    mMotionClassifier = std::make_unique<MotionClassifier>(this);
 }
 
 void InputClassifier::notifyConfigurationChanged(const NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs* args) {
@@ -441,15 +399,10 @@ void InputClassifier::notifyDeviceReset(const NotifyDeviceResetArgs* args) {
     mListener->notifyDeviceReset(args);
 }
 
-void InputClassifier::serviceDied(uint64_t /*cookie*/,
-        const wp<android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase>& who) {
+void InputClassifier::setMotionClassifier(
+        std::unique_ptr<MotionClassifierInterface> motionClassifier) {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-    ALOGE("InputClassifier HAL has died. Setting mMotionClassifier to null");
-    mMotionClassifier = nullptr;
-    sp<android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase> service = who.promote();
-    if (service) {
-        service->unlinkToDeath(this);
-    }
+    mMotionClassifier = std::move(motionClassifier);
 }
 
 void InputClassifier::dump(std::string& dump) {
@@ -465,4 +418,10 @@ void InputClassifier::dump(std::string& dump) {
     dump += "\n";
 }
 
+InputClassifier::~InputClassifier() {
+    if (mInitializeMotionClassifierThread.joinable()) {
+        mInitializeMotionClassifierThread.join();
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.h b/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.h
index 47e20dbf7..9ac8e2db2 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.h
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
-#include <unordered_map>
 #include <thread>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "BlockingQueue.h"
 #include "InputListener.h"
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ public:
  */
 class InputClassifierInterface : public virtual RefBase, public InputListenerInterface {
 public:
+    virtual void setMotionClassifierEnabled(bool enabled) = 0;
     /**
      * Dump the state of the input classifier.
      * This method may be called on any thread (usually by the input manager).
@@ -113,23 +114,23 @@ protected:
  */
 class MotionClassifier final : public MotionClassifierInterface {
 public:
-    /**
-     * The deathRecipient will be subscribed to the HAL death. If the death recipient
-     * owns MotionClassifier and receives HAL death, it should delete its copy of it.
-     * The callback serviceDied will also be sent if the MotionClassifier itself fails
-     * to initialize. If the MotionClassifier fails to initialize, it is not useful, and
-     * should be deleted.
-     * If no death recipient is supplied, then the registration step will be skipped, so there will
-     * be no listeners registered for the HAL death. This is useful for testing
-     * MotionClassifier in isolation.
+    /*
+     * Create an instance of MotionClassifier.
+     * The death recipient, if provided, will be subscribed to the HAL death.
+     * The death recipient could be used to destroy MotionClassifier.
+     *
+     * This function should be called asynchronously, because getService takes a long time.
      */
-    explicit MotionClassifier(sp<android::hardware::hidl_death_recipient> deathRecipient = nullptr);
+    static std::unique_ptr<MotionClassifierInterface> create(
+            sp<android::hardware::hidl_death_recipient> deathRecipient);
+
     ~MotionClassifier();
 
     /**
      * Classifies events asynchronously; that is, it doesn't block events on a classification,
-     * but instead sends them over to the classifier HAL and after a classification is
-     * determined, it then marks the next event it sees in the stream with it.
+     * but instead sends them over to the classifier HAL. After a classification of a specific
+     * event is determined, MotionClassifier then marks the next event in the stream with this
+     * classification.
      *
      * Therefore, it is acceptable to have the classifications be delayed by 1-2 events
      * in a particular gesture.
@@ -141,15 +142,9 @@ public:
     virtual void dump(std::string& dump) override;
 
 private:
-    /**
-     * Initialize MotionClassifier.
-     * Return true if initializaion is successful.
-     */
-    bool init();
-    /**
-     * Entity that will be notified of the HAL death (most likely InputClassifier).
-     */
-    wp<android::hardware::hidl_death_recipient> mDeathRecipient;
+    friend class MotionClassifierTest; // to create MotionClassifier with a test HAL implementation
+    explicit MotionClassifier(
+            sp<android::hardware::input::classifier::V1_0::IInputClassifier> service);
 
     // The events that need to be sent to the HAL.
     BlockingQueue<ClassifierEvent> mEvents;
@@ -164,14 +159,9 @@ private:
      */
     std::thread mHalThread;
     /**
-     * Print an error message if the caller is not on the InputClassifier thread.
-     * Caller must supply the name of the calling function as __func__
+     * Process events and call the InputClassifier HAL
      */
-    void ensureHalThread(const char* function);
-    /**
-     * Call the InputClassifier HAL
-     */
-    void callInputClassifierHal();
+    void processEvents();
     /**
      * Access to the InputClassifier HAL. May be null if init() hasn't completed yet.
      * When init() successfully completes, mService is guaranteed to remain non-null and to not
@@ -223,19 +213,15 @@ private:
     const char* getServiceStatus() REQUIRES(mLock);
 };
 
-
 /**
  * Implementation of the InputClassifierInterface.
  * Represents a separate stage of input processing. All of the input events go through this stage.
  * Acts as a passthrough for all input events except for motion events.
  * The events of motion type are sent to MotionClassifier.
  */
-class InputClassifier : public InputClassifierInterface,
-        public android::hardware::hidl_death_recipient {
+class InputClassifier : public InputClassifierInterface {
 public:
     explicit InputClassifier(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener);
-    // Some of the constructor logic is finished in onFirstRef
-    virtual void onFirstRef() override;
 
     virtual void notifyConfigurationChanged(const NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs* args) override;
     virtual void notifyKey(const NotifyKeyArgs* args) override;
@@ -243,17 +229,47 @@ public:
     virtual void notifySwitch(const NotifySwitchArgs* args) override;
     virtual void notifyDeviceReset(const NotifyDeviceResetArgs* args) override;
 
-    virtual void serviceDied(uint64_t cookie,
-            const wp<android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase>& who) override;
-
     virtual void dump(std::string& dump) override;
 
+    ~InputClassifier();
+
+    // Called from InputManager
+    virtual void setMotionClassifierEnabled(bool enabled) override;
+
 private:
     // Protect access to mMotionClassifier, since it may become null via a hidl callback
     std::mutex mLock;
-    std::unique_ptr<MotionClassifierInterface> mMotionClassifier GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     // The next stage to pass input events to
     sp<InputListenerInterface> mListener;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionClassifierInterface> mMotionClassifier GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::thread mInitializeMotionClassifierThread;
+    /**
+     * Set the value of mMotionClassifier.
+     * This is called from 2 different threads:
+     * 1) mInitializeMotionClassifierThread, when we have constructed a MotionClassifier
+     * 2) A binder thread of the HalDeathRecipient, which is created when HAL dies. This would cause
+     *    mMotionClassifier to become nullptr.
+     */
+    void setMotionClassifier(std::unique_ptr<MotionClassifierInterface> motionClassifier);
+
+    /**
+     * The deathRecipient will call setMotionClassifier(null) when the HAL dies.
+     */
+    class HalDeathRecipient : public android::hardware::hidl_death_recipient {
+    public:
+        explicit HalDeathRecipient(InputClassifier& parent);
+        virtual void serviceDied(uint64_t cookie,
+                                 const wp<android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase>& who) override;
+
+    private:
+        InputClassifier& mParent;
+    };
+    // We retain a reference to death recipient, because the death recipient will be calling
+    // ~MotionClassifier if the HAL dies.
+    // If we don't retain a reference, and MotionClassifier is the only owner of the death
+    // recipient, the serviceDied call will cause death recipient to call its own destructor.
+    sp<HalDeathRecipient> mHalDeathRecipient;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
index d4ab096bb..f7420be00 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
@@ -139,4 +139,8 @@ void InputManager::unregisterInputChannel(const sp<InputChannel>& channel) {
     mDispatcher->unregisterInputChannel(channel);
 }
 
+void InputManager::setMotionClassifierEnabled(bool enabled) {
+    mClassifier->setMotionClassifierEnabled(enabled);
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
index 32f7ae005..c75611f08 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ public:
     virtual void registerInputChannel(const sp<InputChannel>& channel);
     virtual void unregisterInputChannel(const sp<InputChannel>& channel);
 
+    void setMotionClassifierEnabled(bool enabled);
+
 private:
     sp<InputReaderInterface> mReader;
     sp<InputReaderThread> mReaderThread;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputClassifier_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputClassifier_test.cpp
index 7cc17a221..4cddec50d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputClassifier_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputClassifier_test.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 #include <android/hardware/input/classifier/1.0/IInputClassifier.h>
 
 using namespace android::hardware::input;
+using android::hardware::Return;
+using android::hardware::Void;
+using android::hardware::input::common::V1_0::Classification;
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -129,6 +132,49 @@ TEST_F(InputClassifierTest, SendToNextStage_NotifyDeviceResetArgs) {
     ASSERT_EQ(args, outArgs);
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputClassifierTest, SetMotionClassifier_Enabled) {
+    mClassifier->setMotionClassifierEnabled(true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputClassifierTest, SetMotionClassifier_Disabled) {
+    mClassifier->setMotionClassifierEnabled(false);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Try to break it by calling setMotionClassifierEnabled multiple times.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputClassifierTest, SetMotionClassifier_Multiple) {
+    mClassifier->setMotionClassifierEnabled(true);
+    mClassifier->setMotionClassifierEnabled(true);
+    mClassifier->setMotionClassifierEnabled(true);
+    mClassifier->setMotionClassifierEnabled(false);
+    mClassifier->setMotionClassifierEnabled(false);
+    mClassifier->setMotionClassifierEnabled(true);
+    mClassifier->setMotionClassifierEnabled(true);
+    mClassifier->setMotionClassifierEnabled(true);
+}
+
+/**
+ * A minimal implementation of IInputClassifier.
+ */
+struct TestHal : public android::hardware::input::classifier::V1_0::IInputClassifier {
+    Return<Classification> classify(
+            const android::hardware::input::common::V1_0::MotionEvent& event) override {
+        return Classification::NONE;
+    };
+    Return<void> reset() override { return Void(); };
+    Return<void> resetDevice(int32_t deviceId) override { return Void(); };
+};
+
+/**
+ * An entity that will be subscribed to the HAL death.
+ */
+class TestDeathRecipient : public android::hardware::hidl_death_recipient {
+public:
+    virtual void serviceDied(uint64_t cookie,
+                             const wp<android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase>& who) override{};
+};
+
 // --- MotionClassifierTest ---
 
 class MotionClassifierTest : public testing::Test {
@@ -136,7 +182,14 @@ protected:
     std::unique_ptr<MotionClassifierInterface> mMotionClassifier;
 
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        mMotionClassifier = std::make_unique<MotionClassifier>();
+        mMotionClassifier = MotionClassifier::create(new TestDeathRecipient());
+        if (mMotionClassifier == nullptr) {
+            // If the device running this test does not have IInputClassifier service,
+            // use the test HAL instead.
+            // Using 'new' to access non-public constructor
+            mMotionClassifier =
+                    std::unique_ptr<MotionClassifier>(new MotionClassifier(new TestHal()));
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
index 3206009c3..6bb250e7b 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
@@ -209,12 +209,6 @@ void SensorService::onFirstRef() {
                 registerSensor(new RotationVectorSensor(), !needRotationVector, true);
                 registerSensor(new OrientationSensor(), !needOrientation, true);
 
-                bool needLinearAcceleration =
-                        (virtualSensorsNeeds & (1<<SENSOR_TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION)) != 0;
-
-                registerSensor(new LinearAccelerationSensor(list, count),
-                               !needLinearAcceleration, true);
-
                 // virtual debugging sensors are not for user
                 registerSensor( new CorrectedGyroSensor(list, count), true, true);
                 registerSensor( new GyroDriftSensor(), true, true);
@@ -224,6 +218,11 @@ void SensorService::onFirstRef() {
                 bool needGravitySensor = (virtualSensorsNeeds & (1<<SENSOR_TYPE_GRAVITY)) != 0;
                 registerSensor(new GravitySensor(list, count), !needGravitySensor, true);
 
+                bool needLinearAcceleration =
+                        (virtualSensorsNeeds & (1<<SENSOR_TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION)) != 0;
+                registerSensor(new LinearAccelerationSensor(list, count),
+                               !needLinearAcceleration, true);
+
                 bool needGameRotationVector =
                         (virtualSensorsNeeds & (1<<SENSOR_TYPE_GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR)) != 0;
                 registerSensor(new GameRotationVectorSensor(), !needGameRotationVector, true);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
index 062f927eb..cf7c15d63 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
@@ -462,6 +462,7 @@ void BufferQueueLayer::onFrameAvailable(const BufferItem& item) {
             status_t result = mQueueItemCondition.waitRelative(mQueueItemLock, ms2ns(500));
             if (result != NO_ERROR) {
                 ALOGE("[%s] Timed out waiting on callback", mName.string());
+                break;
             }
         }
 
@@ -496,6 +497,7 @@ void BufferQueueLayer::onFrameReplaced(const BufferItem& item) {
             status_t result = mQueueItemCondition.waitRelative(mQueueItemLock, ms2ns(500));
             if (result != NO_ERROR) {
                 ALOGE("[%s] Timed out waiting on callback", mName.string());
+                break;
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
index 07fdead31..80da15427 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
@@ -200,9 +200,10 @@ RegionSamplingThread::~RegionSamplingThread() {
 
 void RegionSamplingThread::addListener(const Rect& samplingArea, const sp<IBinder>& stopLayerHandle,
                                        const sp<IRegionSamplingListener>& listener) {
-    wp<Layer> stopLayer = stopLayerHandle != nullptr
-            ? static_cast<Layer::Handle*>(stopLayerHandle.get())->owner
-            : nullptr;
+    wp<Layer> stopLayer;
+    if (stopLayerHandle != nullptr && stopLayerHandle->localBinder() != nullptr) {
+        stopLayer = static_cast<Layer::Handle*>(stopLayerHandle.get())->owner;
+    }
 
     sp<IBinder> asBinder = IInterface::asBinder(listener);
     asBinder->linkToDeath(this);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp
index 8a2604f4a..9fa2bbc96 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ PhaseOffsets::PhaseOffsets() {
     highFpsOffsets.late = {RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE, highFpsLateSfOffsetNs,
                            highFpsLateAppOffsetNs};
 
-    mOffsets.insert({RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING, defaultOffsets});
     mOffsets.insert({RefreshRateType::DEFAULT, defaultOffsets});
     mOffsets.insert({RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE, highFpsOffsets});
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
index d7300583c..d8137085d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
@@ -34,10 +34,9 @@ namespace scheduler {
  */
 class RefreshRateConfigs {
 public:
-    // Enum to indicate which vsync rate to run at. Power saving is intended to be the lowest
-    // (eg. when the screen is in AOD mode or off), default is the old 60Hz, and performance
+    // Enum to indicate which vsync rate to run at. Default is the old 60Hz, and performance
     // is the new 90Hz. Eventually we want to have a way for vendors to map these in the configs.
-    enum class RefreshRateType { POWER_SAVING, DEFAULT, PERFORMANCE };
+    enum class RefreshRateType { DEFAULT, PERFORMANCE };
 
     struct RefreshRate {
         // This config ID corresponds to the position of the config in the vector that is stored
@@ -47,26 +46,57 @@ public:
         std::string name;
         // Refresh rate in frames per second, rounded to the nearest integer.
         uint32_t fps = 0;
-        // config Id (returned from HWC2::Display::Config::getId())
-        hwc2_config_t id;
+        // Vsync period in nanoseconds.
+        nsecs_t vsyncPeriod;
+        // Hwc config Id (returned from HWC2::Display::Config::getId())
+        hwc2_config_t hwcId;
     };
 
+    // Returns true if this device is doing refresh rate switching. This won't change at runtime.
+    bool refreshRateSwitchingSupported() const { return mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported; }
+
+    // Returns the refresh rate map. This map won't be modified at runtime, so it's safe to access
+    // from multiple threads. This can only be called if refreshRateSwitching() returns true.
     // TODO(b/122916473): Get this information from configs prepared by vendors, instead of
     // baking them in.
-    const std::map<RefreshRateType, std::shared_ptr<RefreshRate>>& getRefreshRates() const {
-        return mRefreshRates;
+    const std::map<RefreshRateType, RefreshRate>& getRefreshRateMap() const {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported);
+        return mRefreshRateMap;
     }
-    std::shared_ptr<RefreshRate> getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType type) const {
-        const auto& refreshRate = mRefreshRates.find(type);
-        if (refreshRate != mRefreshRates.end()) {
+
+    const RefreshRate& getRefreshRateFromType(RefreshRateType type) const {
+        if (!mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported) {
+            return getCurrentRefreshRate().second;
+        } else {
+            auto refreshRate = mRefreshRateMap.find(type);
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(refreshRate == mRefreshRateMap.end());
             return refreshRate->second;
         }
-        return nullptr;
     }
 
-    RefreshRateType getRefreshRateType(hwc2_config_t id) const {
-        for (const auto& [type, refreshRate] : mRefreshRates) {
-            if (refreshRate->id == id) {
+    std::pair<RefreshRateType, const RefreshRate&> getCurrentRefreshRate() const {
+        int currentConfig = mCurrentConfig;
+        if (mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported) {
+            for (const auto& [type, refresh] : mRefreshRateMap) {
+                if (refresh.configId == currentConfig) {
+                    return {type, refresh};
+                }
+            }
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL();
+        }
+        return {RefreshRateType::DEFAULT, mRefreshRates[currentConfig]};
+    }
+
+    const RefreshRate& getRefreshRateFromConfigId(int configId) const {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(configId >= mRefreshRates.size());
+        return mRefreshRates[configId];
+    }
+
+    RefreshRateType getRefreshRateTypeFromHwcConfigId(hwc2_config_t hwcId) const {
+        if (!mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported) return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
+
+        for (const auto& [type, refreshRate] : mRefreshRateMap) {
+            if (refreshRate.hwcId == hwcId) {
                 return type;
             }
         }
@@ -74,64 +104,102 @@ public:
         return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
     }
 
-    void populate(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>>& configs) {
-        mRefreshRates.clear();
+    void setCurrentConfig(int config) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(config >= mRefreshRates.size());
+        mCurrentConfig = config;
+    }
 
-        // This is the rate that HWC encapsulates right now when the device is in DOZE mode.
-        mRefreshRates.emplace(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING,
-                              std::make_shared<RefreshRate>(
-                                      RefreshRate{SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID, "ScreenOff", 0,
-                                                  HWC2_SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID}));
+    struct InputConfig {
+        hwc2_config_t hwcId = 0;
+        nsecs_t vsyncPeriod = 0;
+    };
 
-        if (configs.size() < 1) {
-            ALOGE("Device does not have valid configs. Config size is 0.");
-            return;
+    RefreshRateConfigs(bool refreshRateSwitching, const std::vector<InputConfig>& configs,
+                       int currentConfig) {
+        init(refreshRateSwitching, configs, currentConfig);
+    }
+
+    RefreshRateConfigs(bool refreshRateSwitching,
+                       const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>>& configs,
+                       int currentConfig) {
+        std::vector<InputConfig> inputConfigs;
+        for (const auto& config : configs) {
+            inputConfigs.push_back({config->getId(), config->getVsyncPeriod()});
         }
+        init(refreshRateSwitching, inputConfigs, currentConfig);
+    }
+
+private:
+    void init(bool refreshRateSwitching, const std::vector<InputConfig>& configs,
+              int currentConfig) {
+        mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported = refreshRateSwitching;
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(configs.empty());
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(currentConfig >= configs.size());
+        mCurrentConfig = currentConfig;
+
+        auto buildRefreshRate = [&](int configId) -> RefreshRate {
+            const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod = configs[configId].vsyncPeriod;
+            const float fps = 1e9 / vsyncPeriod;
+            return {configId, base::StringPrintf("%2.ffps", fps), static_cast<uint32_t>(fps),
+                    vsyncPeriod, configs[configId].hwcId};
+        };
 
-        // Create a map between config index and vsync period. This is all the info we need
-        // from the configs.
-        std::vector<std::pair<int, nsecs_t>> configIdToVsyncPeriod;
         for (int i = 0; i < configs.size(); ++i) {
-            configIdToVsyncPeriod.emplace_back(i, configs.at(i)->getVsyncPeriod());
+            mRefreshRates.push_back(buildRefreshRate(i));
         }
 
-        std::sort(configIdToVsyncPeriod.begin(), configIdToVsyncPeriod.end(),
-                  [](const std::pair<int, nsecs_t>& a, const std::pair<int, nsecs_t>& b) {
-                      return a.second > b.second;
-                  });
+        if (!mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported) return;
 
-        // When the configs are ordered by the resync rate. We assume that the first one is DEFAULT.
-        nsecs_t vsyncPeriod = configIdToVsyncPeriod[0].second;
-        if (vsyncPeriod != 0) {
-            const float fps = 1e9 / vsyncPeriod;
-            const int configId = configIdToVsyncPeriod[0].first;
-            mRefreshRates.emplace(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT,
-                                  std::make_shared<RefreshRate>(
-                                          RefreshRate{configId, base::StringPrintf("%2.ffps", fps),
-                                                      static_cast<uint32_t>(fps),
-                                                      configs.at(configId)->getId()}));
-        }
+        auto findDefaultAndPerfConfigs = [&]() -> std::optional<std::pair<int, int>> {
+            if (configs.size() < 2) {
+                return {};
+            }
 
-        if (configs.size() < 2) {
+            std::vector<const RefreshRate*> sortedRefreshRates;
+            for (const auto& refreshRate : mRefreshRates) {
+                sortedRefreshRates.push_back(&refreshRate);
+            }
+            std::sort(sortedRefreshRates.begin(), sortedRefreshRates.end(),
+                      [](const RefreshRate* refreshRate1, const RefreshRate* refreshRate2) {
+                          return refreshRate1->vsyncPeriod > refreshRate2->vsyncPeriod;
+                      });
+
+            // When the configs are ordered by the resync rate, we assume that
+            // the first one is DEFAULT and the second one is PERFORMANCE,
+            // i.e. the higher rate.
+            if (sortedRefreshRates[0]->vsyncPeriod == 0 ||
+                sortedRefreshRates[1]->vsyncPeriod == 0) {
+                return {};
+            }
+
+            return std::pair<int, int>(sortedRefreshRates[0]->configId,
+                                       sortedRefreshRates[1]->configId);
+        };
+
+        auto defaultAndPerfConfigs = findDefaultAndPerfConfigs();
+        if (!defaultAndPerfConfigs) {
+            mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported = false;
             return;
         }
 
-        // When the configs are ordered by the resync rate. We assume that the second one is
-        // PERFORMANCE, eg. the higher rate.
-        vsyncPeriod = configIdToVsyncPeriod[1].second;
-        if (vsyncPeriod != 0) {
-            const float fps = 1e9 / vsyncPeriod;
-            const int configId = configIdToVsyncPeriod[1].first;
-            mRefreshRates.emplace(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE,
-                                  std::make_shared<RefreshRate>(
-                                          RefreshRate{configId, base::StringPrintf("%2.ffps", fps),
-                                                      static_cast<uint32_t>(fps),
-                                                      configs.at(configId)->getId()}));
-        }
+        mRefreshRateMap[RefreshRateType::DEFAULT] = mRefreshRates[defaultAndPerfConfigs->first];
+        mRefreshRateMap[RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE] =
+                mRefreshRates[defaultAndPerfConfigs->second];
     }
 
-private:
-    std::map<RefreshRateType, std::shared_ptr<RefreshRate>> mRefreshRates;
+    // Whether this device is doing refresh rate switching or not. This must not change after this
+    // object is initialized.
+    bool mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported;
+    // The list of refresh rates, indexed by display config ID. This must not change after this
+    // object is initialized.
+    std::vector<RefreshRate> mRefreshRates;
+    // The mapping of refresh rate type to RefreshRate. This must not change after this object is
+    // initialized.
+    std::map<RefreshRateType, RefreshRate> mRefreshRateMap;
+    // The ID of the current config. This will change at runtime. This is set by SurfaceFlinger on
+    // the main thread, and read by the Scheduler (and other objects) on other threads, so it's
+    // atomic.
+    std::atomic<int> mCurrentConfig;
 };
 
 } // namespace scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
index 7e7c6307a..947eb08d9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
@@ -41,21 +41,18 @@ class RefreshRateStats {
     static constexpr int64_t MS_PER_DAY = 24 * MS_PER_HOUR;
 
 public:
-    RefreshRateStats(const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs, TimeStats& timeStats)
-          : mRefreshRateConfigs(refreshRateConfigs), mTimeStats(timeStats) {}
-
-    // Sets power mode. We only collect the information when the power mode is not
-    // HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL. When power mode is HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL, we collect the stats based
-    // on config mode.
+    RefreshRateStats(const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs, TimeStats& timeStats,
+                     int currentConfigMode, int currentPowerMode)
+          : mRefreshRateConfigs(refreshRateConfigs),
+            mTimeStats(timeStats),
+            mCurrentConfigMode(currentConfigMode),
+            mCurrentPowerMode(currentPowerMode) {}
+
+    // Sets power mode.
     void setPowerMode(int mode) {
         if (mCurrentPowerMode == mode) {
             return;
         }
-        // If power mode is normal, the time is going to be recorded under config modes.
-        if (mode == HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL) {
-            mCurrentPowerMode = mode;
-            return;
-        }
         flushTime();
         mCurrentPowerMode = mode;
     }
@@ -79,16 +76,15 @@ public:
         flushTime();
 
         std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> totalTime;
-        for (const auto& [type, config] : mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates()) {
-            int64_t totalTimeForConfig = 0;
-            if (!config) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (mConfigModesTotalTime.find(config->configId) != mConfigModesTotalTime.end()) {
-                totalTimeForConfig = mConfigModesTotalTime.at(config->configId);
-            }
-            totalTime[config->name] = totalTimeForConfig;
+        // Multiple configs may map to the same name, e.g. "60fps". Add the
+        // times for such configs together.
+        for (const auto& [config, time] : mConfigModesTotalTime) {
+            totalTime[mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromConfigId(config).name] = 0;
+        }
+        for (const auto& [config, time] : mConfigModesTotalTime) {
+            totalTime[mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromConfigId(config).name] += time;
         }
+        totalTime["ScreenOff"] = mScreenOffTime;
         return totalTime;
     }
 
@@ -104,32 +100,26 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    void flushTime() {
-        // Normal power mode is counted under different config modes.
-        if (mCurrentPowerMode == HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL) {
-            flushTimeForMode(mCurrentConfigMode);
-        } else {
-            flushTimeForMode(SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID);
-        }
-    }
-
     // Calculates the time that passed in ms between the last time we recorded time and the time
     // this method was called.
-    void flushTimeForMode(int mode) {
+    void flushTime() {
         nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime();
         nsecs_t timeElapsed = currentTime - mPreviousRecordedTime;
         int64_t timeElapsedMs = ns2ms(timeElapsed);
         mPreviousRecordedTime = currentTime;
 
-        mConfigModesTotalTime[mode] += timeElapsedMs;
-        for (const auto& [type, config] : mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates()) {
-            if (!config) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (config->configId == mode) {
-                mTimeStats.recordRefreshRate(config->fps, timeElapsed);
+        uint32_t fps = 0;
+        if (mCurrentPowerMode == HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL) {
+            // Normal power mode is counted under different config modes.
+            if (mConfigModesTotalTime.find(mCurrentConfigMode) == mConfigModesTotalTime.end()) {
+                mConfigModesTotalTime[mCurrentConfigMode] = 0;
             }
+            mConfigModesTotalTime[mCurrentConfigMode] += timeElapsedMs;
+            fps = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromConfigId(mCurrentConfigMode).fps;
+        } else {
+            mScreenOffTime += timeElapsedMs;
         }
+        mTimeStats.recordRefreshRate(fps, timeElapsed);
     }
 
     // Formats the time in milliseconds into easy to read format.
@@ -149,10 +139,11 @@ private:
     // Aggregate refresh rate statistics for telemetry.
     TimeStats& mTimeStats;
 
-    int64_t mCurrentConfigMode = SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID;
-    int32_t mCurrentPowerMode = HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF;
+    int mCurrentConfigMode;
+    int32_t mCurrentPowerMode;
 
-    std::unordered_map<int /* power mode */, int64_t /* duration in ms */> mConfigModesTotalTime;
+    std::unordered_map<int /* config */, int64_t /* duration in ms */> mConfigModesTotalTime;
+    int64_t mScreenOffTime = 0;
 
     nsecs_t mPreviousRecordedTime = systemTime();
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index f8bd95872..0b4337839 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -133,7 +133,6 @@ Scheduler::~Scheduler() {
 
 sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle> Scheduler::createConnection(
         const char* connectionName, nsecs_t phaseOffsetNs, nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync,
-        ResyncCallback resyncCallback,
         impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback interceptCallback) {
     const int64_t id = sNextId++;
     ALOGV("Creating a connection handle with ID: %" PRId64 "\n", id);
@@ -143,8 +142,7 @@ sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle> Scheduler::createConnection(
                             offsetThresholdForNextVsync, std::move(interceptCallback));
 
     auto eventThreadConnection =
-            createConnectionInternal(eventThread.get(), std::move(resyncCallback),
-                                     ISurfaceComposer::eConfigChangedSuppress);
+            createConnectionInternal(eventThread.get(), ISurfaceComposer::eConfigChangedSuppress);
     mConnections.emplace(id,
                          std::make_unique<Connection>(new ConnectionHandle(id),
                                                       eventThreadConnection,
@@ -164,17 +162,15 @@ std::unique_ptr<EventThread> Scheduler::makeEventThread(
 }
 
 sp<EventThreadConnection> Scheduler::createConnectionInternal(
-        EventThread* eventThread, ResyncCallback&& resyncCallback,
-        ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged) {
-    return eventThread->createEventConnection(std::move(resyncCallback), configChanged);
+        EventThread* eventThread, ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged) {
+    return eventThread->createEventConnection([&] { resync(); }, configChanged);
 }
 
 sp<IDisplayEventConnection> Scheduler::createDisplayEventConnection(
-        const sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle>& handle, ResyncCallback resyncCallback,
+        const sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle>& handle,
         ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged) {
     RETURN_VALUE_IF_INVALID(nullptr);
-    return createConnectionInternal(mConnections[handle->id]->thread.get(),
-                                    std::move(resyncCallback), configChanged);
+    return createConnectionInternal(mConnections[handle->id]->thread.get(), configChanged);
 }
 
 EventThread* Scheduler::getEventThread(const sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle>& handle) {
@@ -264,23 +260,15 @@ void Scheduler::resyncToHardwareVsync(bool makeAvailable, nsecs_t period) {
     setVsyncPeriod(period);
 }
 
-ResyncCallback Scheduler::makeResyncCallback(GetVsyncPeriod&& getVsyncPeriod) {
-    std::weak_ptr<VsyncState> ptr = mPrimaryVsyncState;
-    return [ptr, getVsyncPeriod = std::move(getVsyncPeriod)]() {
-        if (const auto vsync = ptr.lock()) {
-            vsync->resync(getVsyncPeriod);
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-void Scheduler::VsyncState::resync(const GetVsyncPeriod& getVsyncPeriod) {
+void Scheduler::resync() {
     static constexpr nsecs_t kIgnoreDelay = ms2ns(750);
 
     const nsecs_t now = systemTime();
-    const nsecs_t last = lastResyncTime.exchange(now);
+    const nsecs_t last = mLastResyncTime.exchange(now);
 
     if (now - last > kIgnoreDelay) {
-        scheduler.resyncToHardwareVsync(false, getVsyncPeriod());
+        resyncToHardwareVsync(false,
+                              mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate().second.vsyncPeriod);
     }
 }
 
@@ -338,15 +326,19 @@ void Scheduler::dumpPrimaryDispSync(std::string& result) const {
 
 std::unique_ptr<scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerHandle> Scheduler::registerLayer(
         std::string const& name, int windowType) {
-    RefreshRateType refreshRateType = (windowType == InputWindowInfo::TYPE_WALLPAPER)
-            ? RefreshRateType::DEFAULT
-            : RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE;
-
-    const auto refreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(refreshRateType);
-    const uint32_t performanceFps = (refreshRate) ? refreshRate->fps : 0;
-
-    const auto defaultRefreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT);
-    const uint32_t defaultFps = (defaultRefreshRate) ? defaultRefreshRate->fps : 0;
+    uint32_t defaultFps, performanceFps;
+    if (mRefreshRateConfigs.refreshRateSwitchingSupported()) {
+        defaultFps = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromType(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT).fps;
+        performanceFps =
+                mRefreshRateConfigs
+                        .getRefreshRateFromType((windowType == InputWindowInfo::TYPE_WALLPAPER)
+                                                        ? RefreshRateType::DEFAULT
+                                                        : RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE)
+                        .fps;
+    } else {
+        defaultFps = mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate().second.fps;
+        performanceFps = defaultFps;
+    }
     return mLayerHistory.createLayer(name, defaultFps, performanceFps);
 }
 
@@ -398,17 +390,6 @@ void Scheduler::setChangeRefreshRateCallback(
     mChangeRefreshRateCallback = changeRefreshRateCallback;
 }
 
-void Scheduler::setGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback(
-        const GetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback&& getCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCallbackLock);
-    mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback = getCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback;
-}
-
-void Scheduler::setGetVsyncPeriodCallback(const GetVsyncPeriod&& getVsyncPeriod) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCallbackLock);
-    mGetVsyncPeriod = getVsyncPeriod;
-}
-
 void Scheduler::updateFrameSkipping(const int64_t skipCount) {
     ATRACE_INT("FrameSkipCount", skipCount);
     if (mSkipCount != skipCount) {
@@ -460,14 +441,12 @@ void Scheduler::resetTimerCallback() {
 
 void Scheduler::resetKernelTimerCallback() {
     ATRACE_INT("ExpiredKernelIdleTimer", 0);
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCallbackLock);
-    if (mGetVsyncPeriod && mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback) {
+    const auto refreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate();
+    if (refreshRate.first == RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE) {
         // If we're not in performance mode then the kernel timer shouldn't do
         // anything, as the refresh rate during DPU power collapse will be the
         // same.
-        if (mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback() == Scheduler::RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE) {
-            resyncToHardwareVsync(true, mGetVsyncPeriod());
-        }
+        resyncToHardwareVsync(true, refreshRate.second.vsyncPeriod);
     }
 }
 
@@ -497,15 +476,13 @@ void Scheduler::expiredDisplayPowerTimerCallback() {
 }
 
 void Scheduler::expiredKernelTimerCallback() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCallbackLock);
     ATRACE_INT("ExpiredKernelIdleTimer", 1);
-    if (mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback) {
-        if (mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback() != Scheduler::RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE) {
-            // Disable HW Vsync if the timer expired, as we don't need it
-            // enabled if we're not pushing frames, and if we're in PERFORMANCE
-            // mode then we'll need to re-update the DispSync model anyways.
-            disableHardwareVsync(false);
-        }
+    const auto refreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate();
+    if (refreshRate.first != RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE) {
+        // Disable HW Vsync if the timer expired, as we don't need it
+        // enabled if we're not pushing frames, and if we're in PERFORMANCE
+        // mode then we'll need to re-update the DispSync model anyways.
+        disableHardwareVsync(false);
     }
 }
 
@@ -540,6 +517,10 @@ void Scheduler::handleTimerStateChanged(T* currentState, T newState, bool eventO
 }
 
 Scheduler::RefreshRateType Scheduler::calculateRefreshRateType() {
+    if (!mRefreshRateConfigs.refreshRateSwitchingSupported()) {
+        return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
+    }
+
     // HDR content is not supported on PERFORMANCE mode
     if (mForceHDRContentToDefaultRefreshRate && mIsHDRContent) {
         return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
@@ -567,16 +548,12 @@ Scheduler::RefreshRateType Scheduler::calculateRefreshRateType() {
     }
 
     // Content detection is on, find the appropriate refresh rate with minimal error
-    auto begin = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates().cbegin();
+    auto begin = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateMap().cbegin();
 
-    // Skip POWER_SAVING config as it is not a real config
-    if (begin->first == RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING) {
-        ++begin;
-    }
-    auto iter = min_element(begin, mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates().cend(),
+    auto iter = min_element(begin, mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateMap().cend(),
                             [rate = mContentRefreshRate](const auto& l, const auto& r) -> bool {
-                                return std::abs(l.second->fps - static_cast<float>(rate)) <
-                                        std::abs(r.second->fps - static_cast<float>(rate));
+                                return std::abs(l.second.fps - static_cast<float>(rate)) <
+                                        std::abs(r.second.fps - static_cast<float>(rate));
                             });
     RefreshRateType currRefreshRateType = iter->first;
 
@@ -584,11 +561,11 @@ Scheduler::RefreshRateType Scheduler::calculateRefreshRateType() {
     // 90Hz config. However we should still prefer a lower refresh rate if the content doesn't
     // align well with both
     constexpr float MARGIN = 0.05f;
-    float ratio = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(currRefreshRateType)->fps /
+    float ratio = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromType(currRefreshRateType).fps /
             float(mContentRefreshRate);
     if (std::abs(std::round(ratio) - ratio) > MARGIN) {
-        while (iter != mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates().cend()) {
-            ratio = iter->second->fps / float(mContentRefreshRate);
+        while (iter != mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateMap().cend()) {
+            ratio = iter->second.fps / float(mContentRefreshRate);
 
             if (std::abs(std::round(ratio) - ratio) <= MARGIN) {
                 currRefreshRateType = iter->first;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 38184570c..4b21dadde 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     using RefreshRateType = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRateType;
-    using GetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback = std::function<RefreshRateType()>;
     using ChangeRefreshRateCallback = std::function<void(RefreshRateType, ConfigEvent)>;
-    using GetVsyncPeriod = std::function<nsecs_t()>;
 
     // Enum to indicate whether to start the transaction early, or at vsync time.
     enum class TransactionStart { EARLY, NORMAL };
@@ -81,16 +79,6 @@ public:
         const std::unique_ptr<EventThread> thread;
     };
 
-    // Stores per-display state about VSYNC.
-    struct VsyncState {
-        explicit VsyncState(Scheduler& scheduler) : scheduler(scheduler) {}
-
-        void resync(const GetVsyncPeriod&);
-
-        Scheduler& scheduler;
-        std::atomic<nsecs_t> lastResyncTime = 0;
-    };
-
     explicit Scheduler(impl::EventControlThread::SetVSyncEnabledFunction function,
                        const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfig);
 
@@ -98,12 +86,11 @@ public:
 
     /** Creates an EventThread connection. */
     sp<ConnectionHandle> createConnection(const char* connectionName, nsecs_t phaseOffsetNs,
-                                          nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync, ResyncCallback,
+                                          nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync,
                                           impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback);
 
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> createDisplayEventConnection(
-            const sp<ConnectionHandle>& handle, ResyncCallback,
-            ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged);
+            const sp<ConnectionHandle>& handle, ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged);
 
     // Getter methods.
     EventThread* getEventThread(const sp<ConnectionHandle>& handle);
@@ -143,8 +130,7 @@ public:
     // no-op.
     // The period is the vsync period from the current display configuration.
     void resyncToHardwareVsync(bool makeAvailable, nsecs_t period);
-    // Creates a callback for resyncing.
-    ResyncCallback makeResyncCallback(GetVsyncPeriod&& getVsyncPeriod);
+    void resync();
     void setRefreshSkipCount(int count);
     // Passes a vsync sample to DispSync. periodFlushed will be true if
     // DispSync detected that the vsync period changed, and false otherwise.
@@ -167,9 +153,6 @@ public:
     void updateFpsBasedOnContent();
     // Callback that gets invoked when Scheduler wants to change the refresh rate.
     void setChangeRefreshRateCallback(const ChangeRefreshRateCallback&& changeRefreshRateCallback);
-    void setGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback(
-            const GetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback&& getCurrentRefreshRateType);
-    void setGetVsyncPeriodCallback(const GetVsyncPeriod&& getVsyncPeriod);
 
     // Returns whether idle timer is enabled or not
     bool isIdleTimerEnabled() { return mSetIdleTimerMs > 0; }
@@ -209,7 +192,7 @@ private:
     enum class DisplayPowerTimerState { EXPIRED, RESET };
 
     // Creates a connection on the given EventThread and forwards the given callbacks.
-    sp<EventThreadConnection> createConnectionInternal(EventThread*, ResyncCallback&&,
+    sp<EventThreadConnection> createConnectionInternal(EventThread*,
                                                        ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged);
 
     nsecs_t calculateAverage() const;
@@ -264,7 +247,8 @@ private:
     std::mutex mHWVsyncLock;
     bool mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled GUARDED_BY(mHWVsyncLock);
     bool mHWVsyncAvailable GUARDED_BY(mHWVsyncLock);
-    const std::shared_ptr<VsyncState> mPrimaryVsyncState{std::make_shared<VsyncState>(*this)};
+
+    std::atomic<nsecs_t> mLastResyncTime = 0;
 
     std::unique_ptr<DispSync> mPrimaryDispSync;
     std::unique_ptr<EventControlThread> mEventControlThread;
@@ -300,9 +284,7 @@ private:
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::IdleTimer> mDisplayPowerTimer;
 
     std::mutex mCallbackLock;
-    GetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback GUARDED_BY(mCallbackLock);
     ChangeRefreshRateCallback mChangeRefreshRateCallback GUARDED_BY(mCallbackLock);
-    GetVsyncPeriod mGetVsyncPeriod GUARDED_BY(mCallbackLock);
 
     // In order to make sure that the features don't override themselves, we need a state machine
     // to keep track which feature requested the config change.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/SchedulerUtils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/SchedulerUtils.h
index ac10f83ad..f193553ea 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/SchedulerUtils.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/SchedulerUtils.h
@@ -30,12 +30,6 @@ using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 // about layers.
 static constexpr size_t ARRAY_SIZE = 30;
 
-// This number is used to have a place holder for when the screen is not NORMAL/ON. Currently
-// the config is not visible to SF, and is completely maintained by HWC. However, we would
-// still like to keep track of time when the device is in this config.
-static constexpr int SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID = -1;
-static constexpr uint32_t HWC2_SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID = 0xffffffff;
-
 // This number is used when we try to determine how long do we keep layer information around
 // before we remove it. It is also used to determine how long the layer stays relevant.
 // This time period captures infrequent updates when playing YouTube video with static image,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 8f3fb242d..e2ba4de6d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -574,14 +574,16 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::bootFinished()
         readPersistentProperties();
         mBootStage = BootStage::FINISHED;
 
-        // set the refresh rate according to the policy
-        const auto& performanceRefreshRate =
-                mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE);
+        if (mRefreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported()) {
+            // set the refresh rate according to the policy
+            const auto& performanceRefreshRate =
+                    mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromType(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE);
 
-        if (performanceRefreshRate && isDisplayConfigAllowed(performanceRefreshRate->configId)) {
-            setRefreshRateTo(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed);
-        } else {
-            setRefreshRateTo(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed);
+            if (isDisplayConfigAllowed(performanceRefreshRate.configId)) {
+                setRefreshRateTo(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed);
+            } else {
+                setRefreshRateTo(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed);
+            }
         }
     }));
 }
@@ -624,32 +626,6 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::init() {
     ALOGI("Phase offset NS: %" PRId64 "", mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentAppOffset());
 
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
-    // start the EventThread
-    mScheduler =
-            getFactory().createScheduler([this](bool enabled) { setPrimaryVsyncEnabled(enabled); },
-                                         mRefreshRateConfigs);
-    auto resyncCallback =
-            mScheduler->makeResyncCallback(std::bind(&SurfaceFlinger::getVsyncPeriod, this));
-
-    mAppConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->createConnection("app", mVsyncModulator.getOffsets().app,
-                                         mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync(),
-                                         resyncCallback,
-                                         impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback());
-    mSfConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->createConnection("sf", mVsyncModulator.getOffsets().sf,
-                                         mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync(),
-                                         resyncCallback, [this](nsecs_t timestamp) {
-                                             mInterceptor->saveVSyncEvent(timestamp);
-                                         });
-
-    mEventQueue->setEventConnection(mScheduler->getEventConnection(mSfConnectionHandle));
-    mVsyncModulator.setSchedulerAndHandles(mScheduler.get(), mAppConnectionHandle.get(),
-                                           mSfConnectionHandle.get());
-
-    mRegionSamplingThread =
-            new RegionSamplingThread(*this, *mScheduler,
-                                     RegionSamplingThread::EnvironmentTimingTunables());
 
     // Get a RenderEngine for the given display / config (can't fail)
     int32_t renderEngineFeature = 0;
@@ -720,37 +696,6 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::init() {
         ALOGE("Run StartPropertySetThread failed!");
     }
 
-    mScheduler->setChangeRefreshRateCallback(
-            [this](RefreshRateType type, Scheduler::ConfigEvent event) {
-                Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-                setRefreshRateTo(type, event);
-            });
-    mScheduler->setGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback([this] {
-        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
-        if (!display) {
-            // If we don't have a default display the fallback to the default
-            // refresh rate type
-            return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
-        }
-
-        const int configId = display->getActiveConfig();
-        for (const auto& [type, refresh] : mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates()) {
-            if (refresh && refresh->configId == configId) {
-                return type;
-            }
-        }
-        // This should never happen, but just gracefully fallback to default.
-        return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
-    });
-    mScheduler->setGetVsyncPeriodCallback([this] {
-        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        return getVsyncPeriod();
-    });
-
-    mRefreshRateConfigs.populate(getHwComposer().getConfigs(*display->getId()));
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(getHwComposer().getActiveConfigIndex(*display->getId()));
-
     ALOGV("Done initializing");
 }
 
@@ -904,7 +849,8 @@ status_t SurfaceFlinger::getDisplayConfigs(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken,
         info.xdpi = xdpi;
         info.ydpi = ydpi;
         info.fps = 1e9 / hwConfig->getVsyncPeriod();
-        const auto refreshRateType = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateType(hwConfig->getId());
+        const auto refreshRateType =
+                mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateTypeFromHwcConfigId(hwConfig->getId());
         const auto offset = mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetsForRefreshRate(refreshRateType);
         info.appVsyncOffset = offset.late.app;
 
@@ -1006,7 +952,8 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::setActiveConfigInternal() {
     }
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mActiveConfigLock);
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId);
+    mRefreshRateConfigs->setCurrentConfig(mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId);
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId);
 
     display->setActiveConfig(mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId);
 
@@ -1285,9 +1232,6 @@ status_t SurfaceFlinger::enableVSyncInjections(bool enable) {
             return;
         }
 
-        auto resyncCallback =
-                mScheduler->makeResyncCallback(std::bind(&SurfaceFlinger::getVsyncPeriod, this));
-
         // TODO(b/128863962): Part of the Injector should be refactored, so that it
         // can be passed to Scheduler.
         if (enable) {
@@ -1299,11 +1243,11 @@ status_t SurfaceFlinger::enableVSyncInjections(bool enable) {
                                            impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback(),
                                            "injEventThread");
             }
-            mEventQueue->setEventThread(mInjectorEventThread.get(), std::move(resyncCallback));
+            mEventQueue->setEventThread(mInjectorEventThread.get(), [&] { mScheduler->resync(); });
         } else {
             ALOGV("VSync Injections disabled");
             mEventQueue->setEventThread(mScheduler->getEventThread(mSfConnectionHandle),
-                                        std::move(resyncCallback));
+                                        [&] { mScheduler->resync(); });
         }
 
         mInjectVSyncs = enable;
@@ -1414,16 +1358,10 @@ status_t SurfaceFlinger::notifyPowerHint(int32_t hintId) {
 
 sp<IDisplayEventConnection> SurfaceFlinger::createDisplayEventConnection(
         ISurfaceComposer::VsyncSource vsyncSource, ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged) {
-    auto resyncCallback = mScheduler->makeResyncCallback([this] {
-        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        return getVsyncPeriod();
-    });
-
     const auto& handle =
             vsyncSource == eVsyncSourceSurfaceFlinger ? mSfConnectionHandle : mAppConnectionHandle;
 
-    return mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(handle, std::move(resyncCallback),
-                                                    configChanged);
+    return mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(handle, configChanged);
 }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1520,13 +1458,8 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::setRefreshRateTo(RefreshRateType refreshRate, Scheduler::Co
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     // Don't do any updating if the current fps is the same as the new one.
-    const auto& refreshRateConfig = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(refreshRate);
-    if (!refreshRateConfig) {
-        ALOGV("Skipping refresh rate change request for unsupported rate.");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const int desiredConfigId = refreshRateConfig->configId;
+    const auto& refreshRateConfig = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromType(refreshRate);
+    const int desiredConfigId = refreshRateConfig.configId;
 
     if (!isDisplayConfigAllowed(desiredConfigId)) {
         ALOGV("Skipping config %d as it is not part of allowed configs", desiredConfigId);
@@ -2631,6 +2564,9 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::processDisplayHotplugEventsLocked() {
         if (event.connection == HWC2::Connection::Connected) {
             if (!mPhysicalDisplayTokens.count(info->id)) {
                 ALOGV("Creating display %s", to_string(info->id).c_str());
+                if (event.hwcDisplayId == getHwComposer().getInternalHwcDisplayId()) {
+                    initScheduler(info->id);
+                }
                 mPhysicalDisplayTokens[info->id] = new BBinder();
                 DisplayDeviceState state;
                 state.displayId = info->id;
@@ -3091,6 +3027,55 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::latchAndReleaseBuffer(const sp<Layer>& layer) {
     layer->releasePendingBuffer(systemTime());
 }
 
+void SurfaceFlinger::initScheduler(DisplayId primaryDisplayId) {
+    if (mScheduler) {
+        // In practice it's not allowed to hotplug in/out the primary display once it's been
+        // connected during startup, but some tests do it, so just warn and return.
+        ALOGW("Can't re-init scheduler");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int currentConfig = getHwComposer().getActiveConfigIndex(primaryDisplayId);
+    mRefreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(refresh_rate_switching(false),
+                                                            getHwComposer().getConfigs(
+                                                                    primaryDisplayId),
+                                                            currentConfig);
+    mRefreshRateStats =
+            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mRefreshRateConfigs, *mTimeStats,
+                                                          currentConfig, HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF);
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(currentConfig);
+
+    // start the EventThread
+    mScheduler =
+            getFactory().createScheduler([this](bool enabled) { setPrimaryVsyncEnabled(enabled); },
+                                         *mRefreshRateConfigs);
+    mAppConnectionHandle =
+            mScheduler->createConnection("app", mVsyncModulator.getOffsets().app,
+                                         mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync(),
+                                         impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback());
+    mSfConnectionHandle =
+            mScheduler->createConnection("sf", mVsyncModulator.getOffsets().sf,
+                                         mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync(),
+                                         [this](nsecs_t timestamp) {
+                                             mInterceptor->saveVSyncEvent(timestamp);
+                                         });
+
+    mEventQueue->setEventConnection(mScheduler->getEventConnection(mSfConnectionHandle));
+    mVsyncModulator.setSchedulerAndHandles(mScheduler.get(), mAppConnectionHandle.get(),
+                                           mSfConnectionHandle.get());
+
+    mRegionSamplingThread =
+            new RegionSamplingThread(*this, *mScheduler,
+                                     RegionSamplingThread::EnvironmentTimingTunables());
+
+    mScheduler->setChangeRefreshRateCallback(
+            [this](RefreshRateType type, Scheduler::ConfigEvent event) {
+                Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
+                setRefreshRateTo(type, event);
+            });
+}
+
 void SurfaceFlinger::commitTransaction()
 {
     if (!mLayersPendingRemoval.isEmpty()) {
@@ -4611,7 +4596,7 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::setPowerModeInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display, int
 
     if (display->isPrimary()) {
         mTimeStats->setPowerMode(mode);
-        mRefreshRateStats.setPowerMode(mode);
+        mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(mode);
         mScheduler->setDisplayPowerState(mode == HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
     }
 
@@ -4779,15 +4764,14 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::dumpVSync(std::string& result) const {
                   mUseSmart90ForVideo ? "on" : "off");
     StringAppendF(&result, "Allowed Display Configs: ");
     for (int32_t configId : mAllowedDisplayConfigs) {
-        for (auto refresh : mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates()) {
-            if (refresh.second && refresh.second->configId == configId) {
-                StringAppendF(&result, "%dHz, ", refresh.second->fps);
-            }
-        }
+        StringAppendF(&result, "%" PRIu32 " Hz, ",
+                      mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromConfigId(configId).fps);
     }
     StringAppendF(&result, "(config override by backdoor: %s)\n\n",
                   mDebugDisplayConfigSetByBackdoor ? "yes" : "no");
     mScheduler->dump(mAppConnectionHandle, result);
+    StringAppendF(&result, "+  Refresh rate switching: %s\n",
+                  mRefreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported() ? "on" : "off");
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::dumpStaticScreenStats(std::string& result) const {
@@ -5152,7 +5136,7 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::dumpAllLocked(const DumpArgs& args, std::string& result) co
     result.append("\nScheduler state:\n");
     result.append(mScheduler->doDump() + "\n");
     StringAppendF(&result, "+  Smart video mode: %s\n\n", mUseSmart90ForVideo ? "on" : "off");
-    result.append(mRefreshRateStats.doDump() + "\n");
+    result.append(mRefreshRateStats->doDump() + "\n");
 
     result.append(mTimeStats->miniDump());
     result.append("\n");
@@ -5623,7 +5607,8 @@ status_t SurfaceFlinger::onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* r
             case 1034: {
                 // TODO(b/129297325): expose this via developer menu option
                 n = data.readInt32();
-                if (n && !mRefreshRateOverlay) {
+                if (n && !mRefreshRateOverlay &&
+                    mRefreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported()) {
                     RefreshRateType type;
                     {
                         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mActiveConfigLock);
@@ -6201,25 +6186,6 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::traverseLayersInDisplay(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& disp
     }
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::setPreferredDisplayConfig() {
-    const auto& type = mScheduler->getPreferredRefreshRateType();
-    const auto& config = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(type);
-    if (config && isDisplayConfigAllowed(config->configId)) {
-        ALOGV("switching to Scheduler preferred config %d", config->configId);
-        setDesiredActiveConfig({type, config->configId, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed});
-    } else {
-        // Set the highest allowed config by iterating backwards on available refresh rates
-        const auto& refreshRates = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates();
-        for (auto iter = refreshRates.crbegin(); iter != refreshRates.crend(); ++iter) {
-            if (iter->second && isDisplayConfigAllowed(iter->second->configId)) {
-                ALOGV("switching to allowed config %d", iter->second->configId);
-                setDesiredActiveConfig({iter->first, iter->second->configId,
-                        Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed});
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 void SurfaceFlinger::setAllowedDisplayConfigsInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display,
                                                       const std::vector<int32_t>& allowedConfigs) {
     if (!display->isPrimary()) {
@@ -6241,7 +6207,29 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::setAllowedDisplayConfigsInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& d
     mScheduler->onConfigChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, display->getId()->value,
                                 display->getActiveConfig());
 
-    setPreferredDisplayConfig();
+    if (mRefreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported()) {
+        const auto& type = mScheduler->getPreferredRefreshRateType();
+        const auto& config = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromType(type);
+        if (isDisplayConfigAllowed(config.configId)) {
+            ALOGV("switching to Scheduler preferred config %d", config.configId);
+            setDesiredActiveConfig({type, config.configId, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed});
+        } else {
+            // Set the highest allowed config by iterating backwards on available refresh rates
+            const auto& refreshRates = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateMap();
+            for (auto iter = refreshRates.crbegin(); iter != refreshRates.crend(); ++iter) {
+                if (isDisplayConfigAllowed(iter->second.configId)) {
+                    ALOGV("switching to allowed config %d", iter->second.configId);
+                    setDesiredActiveConfig(
+                            {iter->first, iter->second.configId, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed});
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (!isDisplayConfigAllowed(display->getActiveConfig())) {
+        ALOGV("switching to config %d", allowedConfigs[0]);
+        setDesiredActiveConfig(
+                {RefreshRateType::DEFAULT, allowedConfigs[0], Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed});
+    }
 }
 
 #ifdef QCOM_UM_FAMILY
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 08d9dd36a..4340336f3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -536,9 +536,6 @@ private:
     // called on the main thread in response to setPowerMode()
     void setPowerModeInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display, int mode) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
-    // Query the Scheduler or allowed display configs list for a matching config, and set it
-    void setPreferredDisplayConfig() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-
     // called on the main thread in response to setAllowedDisplayConfigs()
     void setAllowedDisplayConfigsInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display,
                                           const std::vector<int32_t>& allowedConfigs)
@@ -560,6 +557,7 @@ private:
     void commitInputWindowCommands() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void setInputWindowsFinished();
     void updateCursorAsync();
+    void initScheduler(DisplayId primaryDisplayId);
 
     /* handlePageFlip - latch a new buffer if available and compute the dirty
      * region. Returns whether a new buffer has been latched, i.e., whether it
@@ -1140,8 +1138,8 @@ private:
     sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle> mAppConnectionHandle;
     sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle> mSfConnectionHandle;
 
-    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs mRefreshRateConfigs;
-    scheduler::RefreshRateStats mRefreshRateStats{mRefreshRateConfigs, *mTimeStats};
+    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs;
+    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateStats> mRefreshRateStats;
 
     // All configs are allowed if the set is empty.
     using DisplayConfigs = std::set<int32_t>;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp
index 768074a6c..b4716eb61 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp
@@ -226,6 +226,14 @@ int64_t color_space_agnostic_dataspace(Dataspace defaultValue) {
     return static_cast<int64_t>(defaultValue);
 }
 
+bool refresh_rate_switching(bool defaultValue) {
+    auto temp = SurfaceFlingerProperties::refresh_rate_switching();
+    if (temp.has_value()) {
+        return *temp;
+    }
+    return defaultValue;
+}
+
 int32_t set_idle_timer_ms(int32_t defaultValue) {
     auto temp = SurfaceFlingerProperties::set_idle_timer_ms();
     if (temp.has_value()) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h
index 5f88322f7..e394ccab7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ int32_t wcg_composition_pixel_format(
 int64_t color_space_agnostic_dataspace(
         android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::Dataspace defaultValue);
 
+bool refresh_rate_switching(bool defaultValue);
+
 int32_t set_idle_timer_ms(int32_t defaultValue);
 
 int32_t set_touch_timer_ms(int32_t defaultValue);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop
index 74baf3773..000f21c54 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 module: "android.sysprop.SurfaceFlingerProperties"
 owner: Platform
 
-# The following two propertiess define (respectively):
+# The following two properties define (respectively):
 #
 # - The phase offset between hardware vsync and when apps are woken up by the
 #   Choreographer callback
@@ -301,6 +301,18 @@ prop {
     prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.display_primary_white"
 }
 
+# refreshRateSwitching indicates whether SurfaceFlinger should use refresh rate
+# switching on the device, e.g. to switch between 60 and 90 Hz. The settings
+# below that are related to refresh rate switching will only have an effect if
+# refresh_rate_switching is enabled.
+prop {
+    api_name: "refresh_rate_switching"
+    type: Boolean
+    scope: System
+    access: Readonly
+    prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.refresh_rate_switching"
+}
+
 # setIdleTimerMs indicates what is considered a timeout in milliseconds for Scheduler. This value is
 # used by the Scheduler to trigger inactivity callbacks that will switch the display to a lower
 # refresh rate. Setting this property to 0 means there is no timer.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/system-current.txt b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/system-current.txt
index 79854b36a..2e804c8a3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/system-current.txt
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package android.sysprop {
     method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Long> max_virtual_display_dimension();
     method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Long> present_time_offset_from_vsync_ns();
     method public static java.util.Optional<android.sysprop.SurfaceFlingerProperties.primary_display_orientation_values> primary_display_orientation();
+    method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Boolean> refresh_rate_switching();
     method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Boolean> running_without_sync_framework();
     method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Integer> set_display_power_timer_ms();
     method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Integer> set_idle_timer_ms();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
index 4f8ed1ae1..349dd3f2f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
@@ -125,7 +125,17 @@ public:
     }
 
     void setupScheduler() {
-        mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs());
+        std::vector<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig> configs{{/*hwcId=*/0, 16666667}};
+        mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs() =
+                std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(/*refreshRateSwitching=*/false,
+                                                                configs,
+                                                                /*currentConfig=*/0);
+        mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateStats() =
+                std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs(),
+                                                              *mFlinger.mutableTimeStats(),
+                                                              /*currentConfig=*/0,
+                                                              /*powerMode=*/HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF);
+        mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(*mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs());
         mScheduler->mutableEventControlThread().reset(mEventControlThread);
         mScheduler->mutablePrimaryDispSync().reset(mPrimaryDispSync);
         EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread.get(), registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
index 5f58e7dce..f40996eec 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <ui/DebugUtils.h>
 
 #include "DisplayIdentificationTest.h"
+#include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 #include "TestableScheduler.h"
 #include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
@@ -179,7 +180,16 @@ DisplayTransactionTest::~DisplayTransactionTest() {
 }
 
 void DisplayTransactionTest::setupScheduler() {
-    mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs());
+    std::vector<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig> configs{{/*hwcId=*/0, 16666667}};
+    mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs() =
+            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(/*refreshRateSwitching=*/false, configs,
+                                                            /*currentConfig=*/0);
+    mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateStats() =
+            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs(),
+                                                          *mFlinger.mutableTimeStats(),
+                                                          /*currentConfig=*/0,
+                                                          /*powerMode=*/HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF);
+    mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(*mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs());
     mScheduler->mutableEventControlThread().reset(mEventControlThread);
     mScheduler->mutablePrimaryDispSync().reset(mPrimaryDispSync);
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
index 5067fe890..f315a8a86 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 
 #include "DisplayHardware/HWC2.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
-#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockDisplay.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using testing::_;
@@ -50,9 +49,8 @@ protected:
         ASSERT_EQ(left.configId, right.configId);
         ASSERT_EQ(left.name, right.name);
         ASSERT_EQ(left.fps, right.fps);
+        ASSERT_EQ(left.vsyncPeriod, right.vsyncPeriod);
     }
-
-    RefreshRateConfigs mConfigs;
 };
 
 RefreshRateConfigsTest::RefreshRateConfigsTest() {
@@ -71,101 +69,39 @@ namespace {
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Test cases
  */
-TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, zeroDeviceConfigs_storesPowerSavingConfig) {
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> displayConfigs;
-    mConfigs.populate(displayConfigs);
-
-    // We always store a configuration for screen off.
-    const auto& rates = mConfigs.getRefreshRates();
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, rates.size());
-    const auto& powerSavingRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING);
-    ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), powerSavingRate);
-    ASSERT_EQ(rates.end(), rates.find(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
-    ASSERT_EQ(rates.end(), rates.find(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-
-    RefreshRate expectedConfig =
-            RefreshRate{SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID, "ScreenOff", 0, HWC2_SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedConfig, *powerSavingRate->second);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedConfig, *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-
-    // Sanity check that getRefreshRate() does not modify the underlying configs.
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, mConfigs.getRefreshRates().size());
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, oneDeviceConfig_isRejected) {
+    std::vector<RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig> configs{{HWC2_CONFIG_ID_60, VSYNC_60}};
+    auto refreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(/*refreshRateSwitching=*/true, configs,
+                                                 /*currentConfig=*/0);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(refreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, oneDeviceConfig_storesDefaultConfig) {
-    auto display = new Hwc2::mock::Display();
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> displayConfigs;
-    auto config60 = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_60);
-    config60.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_60);
-    displayConfigs.push_back(config60.build());
-    mConfigs.populate(displayConfigs);
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, twoDeviceConfigs_storesFullRefreshRateMap) {
+    std::vector<RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig> configs{{HWC2_CONFIG_ID_60, VSYNC_60},
+                                                         {HWC2_CONFIG_ID_90, VSYNC_90}};
+    auto refreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(/*refreshRateSwitching=*/true, configs,
+                                                 /*currentConfig=*/0);
 
-    const auto& rates = mConfigs.getRefreshRates();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(refreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported());
+    const auto& rates = refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateMap();
     ASSERT_EQ(2, rates.size());
-    const auto& powerSavingRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING);
-    const auto& defaultRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT);
-    ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), powerSavingRate);
-    ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), defaultRate);
-    ASSERT_EQ(rates.end(), rates.find(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
-
-    RefreshRate expectedPowerSavingConfig =
-            RefreshRate{SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID, "ScreenOff", 0, HWC2_SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedPowerSavingConfig, *powerSavingRate->second);
-    RefreshRate expectedDefaultConfig = RefreshRate{CONFIG_ID_60, "60fps", 60, HWC2_CONFIG_ID_60};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig, *defaultRate->second);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedPowerSavingConfig,
-                     *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig, *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
-
-    // Sanity check that getRefreshRate() does not modify the underlying configs.
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, mConfigs.getRefreshRates().size());
-}
-
-TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, twoDeviceConfigs_storesPerformanceConfig) {
-    auto display = new Hwc2::mock::Display();
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> displayConfigs;
-    auto config60 = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_60);
-    config60.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_60);
-    displayConfigs.push_back(config60.build());
-    auto config90 = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_90);
-    config90.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_90);
-    displayConfigs.push_back(config90.build());
-    mConfigs.populate(displayConfigs);
-
-    const auto& rates = mConfigs.getRefreshRates();
-    ASSERT_EQ(3, rates.size());
-    const auto& powerSavingRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING);
     const auto& defaultRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT);
     const auto& performanceRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE);
-    ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), powerSavingRate);
     ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), defaultRate);
     ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), performanceRate);
 
-    RefreshRate expectedPowerSavingConfig =
-            RefreshRate{SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID, "ScreenOff", 0, HWC2_SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedPowerSavingConfig, *powerSavingRate->second);
-    RefreshRate expectedDefaultConfig = RefreshRate{CONFIG_ID_60, "60fps", 60, HWC2_CONFIG_ID_60};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig, *defaultRate->second);
-    RefreshRate expectedPerformanceConfig =
-            RefreshRate{CONFIG_ID_90, "90fps", 90, HWC2_CONFIG_ID_90};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedPerformanceConfig, *performanceRate->second);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedPowerSavingConfig,
-                     *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig, *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
+    RefreshRate expectedDefaultConfig = {CONFIG_ID_60, "60fps", 60, VSYNC_60, HWC2_CONFIG_ID_60};
+    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig, defaultRate->second);
+    RefreshRate expectedPerformanceConfig = {CONFIG_ID_90, "90fps", 90, VSYNC_90,
+                                             HWC2_CONFIG_ID_90};
+    assertRatesEqual(expectedPerformanceConfig, performanceRate->second);
+
+    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig,
+                     refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromType(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
     assertRatesEqual(expectedPerformanceConfig,
-                     *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
+                     refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromType(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
 }
 } // namespace
 } // namespace scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
index 411ec6177..cec0b32a6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <thread>
 
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h"
-#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockDisplay.h"
 #include "mock/MockTimeStats.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
@@ -42,9 +41,18 @@ protected:
     RefreshRateStatsTest();
     ~RefreshRateStatsTest();
 
+    void init(const std::vector<RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig>& configs) {
+        mRefreshRateConfigs = std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(
+                /*refreshRateSwitching=*/true, configs, /*currentConfig=*/0);
+        mRefreshRateStats =
+                std::make_unique<RefreshRateStats>(*mRefreshRateConfigs, mTimeStats,
+                                                   /*currentConfig=*/0,
+                                                   /*currentPowerMode=*/HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF);
+    }
+
     mock::TimeStats mTimeStats;
-    RefreshRateConfigs mRefreshRateConfigs;
-    RefreshRateStats mRefreshRateStats{mRefreshRateConfigs, mTimeStats};
+    std::unique_ptr<RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs;
+    std::unique_ptr<RefreshRateStats> mRefreshRateStats;
 };
 
 RefreshRateStatsTest::RefreshRateStatsTest() {
@@ -63,63 +71,46 @@ namespace {
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Test cases
  */
-TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, canCreateAndDestroyTest) {
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> configs;
-    mRefreshRateConfigs.populate(configs);
-
-    // There is one default config, so the refresh rates should have one item.
-    EXPECT_EQ(1, mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes().size());
-}
-
 TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, oneConfigTest) {
-    auto display = new Hwc2::mock::Display();
-
-    auto config = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_90);
-    config.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_90);
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> configs;
-    configs.push_back(config.build());
-
-    mRefreshRateConfigs.populate(configs);
+    init({{CONFIG_ID_90, VSYNC_90}});
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(0, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(90, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
 
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(2, times.size());
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, times.size());
     EXPECT_NE(0u, times.count("ScreenOff"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(1u, times.count("90fps"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, times["90fps"]);
     // Setting up tests on mobile harness can be flaky with time passing, so testing for
     // exact time changes can result in flaxy numbers. To avoid that remember old
     // numbers to make sure the correct values are increasing in the next test.
     int screenOff = times["ScreenOff"];
-    int ninety = times["90fps"];
 
     // Screen is off by default.
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, times["90fps"]);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, times.count("90fps"));
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
-    mRefreshRateStats.setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
+    mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_LT(ninety, times["90fps"]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("90fps"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0, times["90fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE);
-    ninety = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE);
+    int ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     // Because the power mode is not HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL, switching the config
     // does not update refresh rates that come from the config.
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
@@ -127,93 +118,75 @@ TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, oneConfigTest) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, twoConfigsTest) {
-    auto display = new Hwc2::mock::Display();
-
-    auto config90 = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_90);
-    config90.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_90);
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> configs;
-    configs.push_back(config90.build());
-
-    auto config60 = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_60);
-    config60.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_60);
-    configs.push_back(config60.build());
-
-    mRefreshRateConfigs.populate(configs);
+    init({{CONFIG_ID_90, VSYNC_90}, {CONFIG_ID_60, VSYNC_60}});
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(0, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(60, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(90, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
 
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(3, times.size());
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, times.size());
     EXPECT_NE(0u, times.count("ScreenOff"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(1u, times.count("60fps"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, times["60fps"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(1u, times.count("90fps"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, times["90fps"]);
     // Setting up tests on mobile harness can be flaky with time passing, so testing for
     // exact time changes can result in flaxy numbers. To avoid that remember old
     // numbers to make sure the correct values are increasing in the next test.
     int screenOff = times["ScreenOff"];
-    int sixty = times["60fps"];
-    int ninety = times["90fps"];
 
     // Screen is off by default.
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60fps"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
-    mRefreshRateStats.setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
+    mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60fps"]);
-    EXPECT_LT(ninety, times["90fps"]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("90fps"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0, times["90fps"]);
 
     // When power mode is normal, time for configs updates.
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
-    ninety = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
+    int ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
-    EXPECT_LT(sixty, times["60fps"]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("60fps"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0, times["60fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
-    sixty = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["60fps"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
+    int sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["60fps"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_LT(ninety, times["90fps"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
-    ninety = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
+    ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
     EXPECT_LT(sixty, times["60fps"]);
 
     // Because the power mode is not HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL, switching the config
     // does not update refresh rates that come from the config.
-    mRefreshRateStats.setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE);
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
-    sixty = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["60fps"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE);
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
+    sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["60fps"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60fps"]);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index 740115ea3..571fdfd9f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
 #include <log/log.h>
 
 #include <mutex>
 
 #include "Scheduler/EventControlThread.h"
 #include "Scheduler/EventThread.h"
+#include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 #include "Scheduler/Scheduler.h"
 #include "mock/MockEventThread.h"
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ protected:
         MOCK_METHOD0(requestNextVsync, void());
     };
 
-    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs mRefreshRateConfigs;
+    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs;
 
     /**
      * This mock Scheduler class uses implementation of mock::EventThread but keeps everything else
@@ -73,9 +73,14 @@ SchedulerTest::SchedulerTest() {
             ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 
+    std::vector<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig> configs{{/*hwcId=*/0, 16666667}};
+    mRefreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(/*refreshRateSwitching=*/false, configs,
+                                                            /*currentConfig=*/0);
+
     std::unique_ptr<mock::EventThread> eventThread = std::make_unique<mock::EventThread>();
     mEventThread = eventThread.get();
-    mScheduler = std::make_unique<MockScheduler>(mRefreshRateConfigs, std::move(eventThread));
+    mScheduler = std::make_unique<MockScheduler>(*mRefreshRateConfigs, std::move(eventThread));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_)).WillOnce(Return(0));
 
     mEventThreadConnection = new MockEventThreadConnection(mEventThread);
@@ -85,7 +90,7 @@ SchedulerTest::SchedulerTest() {
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, createEventConnection(_, _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(mEventThreadConnection));
 
-    mConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection("appConnection", 16, 16, ResyncCallback(),
+    mConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection("appConnection", 16, 16,
                                                      impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback());
     EXPECT_TRUE(mConnectionHandle != nullptr);
 }
@@ -107,7 +112,7 @@ TEST_F(SchedulerTest, testNullPtr) {
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> returnedValue;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             returnedValue =
-                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(nullptr, ResyncCallback(),
+                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(nullptr,
                                                              ISurfaceComposer::
                                                                      eConfigChangedSuppress));
     EXPECT_TRUE(returnedValue == nullptr);
@@ -130,7 +135,7 @@ TEST_F(SchedulerTest, invalidConnectionHandle) {
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> returnedValue;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             returnedValue =
-                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(connectionHandle, ResyncCallback(),
+                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(connectionHandle,
                                                              ISurfaceComposer::
                                                                      eConfigChangedSuppress));
     EXPECT_TRUE(returnedValue == nullptr);
@@ -161,7 +166,7 @@ TEST_F(SchedulerTest, validConnectionHandle) {
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> returnedValue;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             returnedValue =
-                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(mConnectionHandle, ResyncCallback(),
+                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(mConnectionHandle,
                                                              ISurfaceComposer::
                                                                      eConfigChangedSuppress));
     EXPECT_TRUE(returnedValue != nullptr);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 64d34ee10..1c1b0201d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@
 #include "Layer.h"
 #include "NativeWindowSurface.h"
 #include "Scheduler/MessageQueue.h"
+#include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 #include "StartPropertySetThread.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlingerFactory.h"
 #include "SurfaceInterceptor.h"
-
 #include "TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -342,6 +342,8 @@ public:
     auto& mutableAppConnectionHandle() { return mFlinger->mAppConnectionHandle; }
     auto& mutableSfConnectionHandle() { return mFlinger->mSfConnectionHandle; }
     auto& mutableRefreshRateConfigs() { return mFlinger->mRefreshRateConfigs; }
+    auto& mutableRefreshRateStats() { return mFlinger->mRefreshRateStats; }
+    auto& mutableTimeStats() { return mFlinger->mTimeStats; }
 
     ~TestableSurfaceFlinger() {
         // All these pointer and container clears help ensure that GMock does
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/api.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/api.cpp
index 3d5665689..6e08d2318 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/api.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/api.cpp
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class OverrideLayerNames {
     };
 
     void AddImplicitLayers() {
-        if (!is_instance_ || !driver::Debuggable())
+        if (!is_instance_)
             return;
 
         GetLayersFromSettings();
@@ -370,7 +370,8 @@ class OverrideExtensionNames {
 
    private:
     bool EnableDebugCallback() const {
-        return (is_instance_ && driver::Debuggable() &&
+        return (is_instance_ &&
+                android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().isDebuggable() &&
                 property_get_bool("debug.vulkan.enable_callback", false));
     }
 
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
index bca46b2c3..681a289c1 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
@@ -754,10 +754,6 @@ void FreeDeviceData(DeviceData* data, const VkAllocationCallbacks& allocator) {
 
 }  // anonymous namespace
 
-bool Debuggable() {
-    return (prctl(PR_GET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0) >= 0);
-}
-
 bool OpenHAL() {
     return Hal::Open();
 }
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.h b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.h
index 047a27adc..ffe2a8bfe 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.h
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.h
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@ struct DeviceData {
     uint32_t driver_version;
 };
 
-bool Debuggable();
 bool OpenHAL();
 const VkAllocationCallbacks& GetDefaultAllocator();
 
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/layers_extensions.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/layers_extensions.cpp
index af1adcff6..691f3b0f5 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/layers_extensions.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/layers_extensions.cpp
@@ -484,8 +484,7 @@ void* GetLayerGetProcAddr(const Layer& layer,
 void DiscoverLayers() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    if (property_get_bool("ro.debuggable", false) &&
-        prctl(PR_GET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0)) {
+    if (android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().isDebuggable()) {
         DiscoverLayersInPathList(kSystemLayerLibraryDir);
     }
     if (!android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().getLayerPaths().empty())