diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/bash.ps')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.ps | 11314 |
1 files changed, 5759 insertions, 5555 deletions
diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index a2dbc5c..8b4d573 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 -%%CreationDate: Wed Feb 18 15:33:01 2009 +%%CreationDate: Wed Dec 30 13:07:37 2009 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2 -%%Pages: 69 +%%Pages: 70 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 595 842 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ E F2(po)2.5 E F0(\(portable object\) \214le format.)2.5 E F2 144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255login)108 703.2 Q F0 (Equi)144 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2<ad6c>2.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(1)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(1)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -452,8 +452,8 @@ F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)108 679.2 S(SH_ENV).27 E F0 1.01(in the en) (if [ \255n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi)144 709.2 Q F0 -.2(bu) 108 727.2 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G (TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G -(riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(2)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 +768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(2)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -526,15 +526,17 @@ E F2 -.1(rs)3.386 G(hd).1 E F0 .886(does not generally in)3.386 F -.2 (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F F1<ad70>3.708 E F0 .536(option is not supplied, no startup \214les are \ read, shell functions are not inherited from the en)108 326.4 R .535 -(vironment, the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)108 338.4 Q F0 -.25(va)2.459 G .21 -(riable, if it appears in the en).25 F .21 -(vironment, is ignored, and the ef)-.4 F(fecti)-.25 E .51 -.15(ve u)-.25 -H .21(ser id is set to the real).15 F .261(user id.)108 350.4 R .261 -(If the)5.261 F F1<ad70>2.761 E F0 .261(option is supplied at in)2.761 F --.2(vo)-.4 G .261(cation, the startup beha).2 F .261 -(vior is the same, b)-.2 F .261(ut the ef)-.2 F(fecti)-.25 E .561 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .261(ser id).15 F(is not reset.)108 362.4 Q/F5 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS)72 379.2 Q F0(The follo)108 391.2 Q +(vironment, the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)108 338.4 Q F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)2.959 G +(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.959 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0 +(and)2.959 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.209 E F0 -.25(va)2.959 G .709 +(riables, if the).25 F 3.209(ya)-.15 G .71(ppear in the en)-3.209 F .71 +(vironment, are)-.4 F .905(ignored, and the ef)108 350.4 R(fecti)-.25 E +1.205 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .904(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F +.904(If the)5.904 F F1<ad70>3.404 E F0 .904(option is supplied at in) +3.404 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .904(cation, the).2 F(startup beha)108 362.4 Q +(vior is the same, b)-.2 E(ut the ef)-.2 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u) +-.25 H(ser id is not reset.).15 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS) +72 379.2 Q F0(The follo)108 391.2 Q (wing de\214nitions are used throughout the rest of this document.)-.25 E F1(blank)108 403.2 Q F0 2.5(As)11.54 G(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E F1 -.1(wo)108 415.2 S(rd).1 E F0 2.5(As)13.88 G @@ -578,8 +580,8 @@ F .175(xit status, or 128+)-.15 F F2(n)A F0 .176 F1(Pipelines)87 691.2 Q F0(A)108 703.2 Q F2(pipeline)2.996 E F0 .496(is\ a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of the control ope\ rators)2.996 F F1(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F1(|&)2.996 E F0 5.496(.T)C -(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(3)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(3)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -698,8 +700,8 @@ E(\(\()108 703.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 2.552(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.552 E F4 .052(ARITHMETIC EV)2.552 F(ALU)-1.215 E (A-)-.54 E(TION)144 727.2 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v) 4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the retur\ -n status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(4)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +n status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(4)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -724,116 +726,118 @@ F1([[)3.633 E F0(and)144 148.8 Q F1(]])2.964 E F0 2.964(;t)C .464 (tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 160.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.581(la).25 G 1.081(re performed.)-3.581 F 1.081 (Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F1<ad66>3.581 E F0 -(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 172.8 Q .503 -(When the)144 190.8 R F1(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F1(!=)3.002 E F0 .502 -(operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is conside\ -red a pat-)3.002 F 1.224 -(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 202.8 R -3.724(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.724 E F1 -.1(Pa)3.724 G(tter).1 E 3.725(nM)-.15 -G(atching)-3.725 E F0 6.225(.I)C 3.725(ft)-6.225 G 1.225(he shell)-3.725 -F(option)144 214.8 Q F1(nocasematch)3.405 E F0 .904 +(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 172.8 Q +(When used with)144 190.8 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,T)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E +F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .503(When the)144 +208.8 R F1(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F1(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators ar\ +e used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pat-) +3.002 F 1.224(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 +220.8 R 3.724(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.724 E F1 -.1(Pa)3.724 G(tter).1 E 3.725 +(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.725 E F0 6.225(.I)C 3.725(ft)-6.225 G 1.225 +(he shell)-3.725 F(option)144 232.8 Q F1(nocasematch)3.405 E F0 .904 (is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.405 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.904(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.751(characters. The)144 226.8 +.904(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.751(characters. The)144 244.8 R .251(return v)2.751 F .251(alue is 0 if the string matches \()-.25 F F1(==)A F0 2.751(\)o)C 2.751(rd)-2.751 G .251(oes not match \()-2.751 F -F1(!=)A F0 2.751(\)t)C .252(he pattern, and)-2.751 F 2.5(1o)144 238.8 S +F1(!=)A F0 2.751(\)t)C .252(he pattern, and)-2.751 F 2.5(1o)144 256.8 S 2.5(therwise. An)-2.5 F 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted \ to force it to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 -(An additional binary operator)144 256.8 R(,)-.4 E F1(=~)2.743 E F0 +(An additional binary operator)144 274.8 R(,)-.4 E F1(=~)2.743 E F0 2.743(,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243 (ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F1(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E F1(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 (used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an e)144 -268.8 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954 -(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 280.8 R F2 +286.8 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954 +(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 298.8 R F2 -.37(re)2.707 G -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). The)B .207 (return v)2.707 F .207 (alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1)-.25 F 3.345 -(otherwise. If)144 292.8 R .845(the re)3.345 F .845(gular e)-.15 F .846 +(otherwise. If)144 310.8 R .845(the re)3.345 F .845(gular e)-.15 F .846 (xpression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional e)-.15 F -(xpression')-.15 E 3.346(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.346 E -.25(va)144 304.8 S +(xpression')-.15 E 3.346(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.346 E -.25(va)144 322.8 S .667(lue is 2.).25 F .667(If the shell option)5.667 F F1(nocasematch) 3.167 E F0 .667(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.167 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .666(rd to).05 F .378(the case of alphabetic characters.) -144 316.8 R(An)5.378 E 2.878(yp)-.15 G .378 +144 334.8 R(An)5.378 E 2.878(yp)-.15 G .378 (art of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched)-2.878 F -.265(as a string.)144 328.8 R .265 +.265(as a string.)144 346.8 R .265 (Substrings matched by parenthesized sube)5.265 F .265 (xpressions within the re)-.15 F .265(gular e)-.15 F .265(xpression are) --.15 F(sa)144 340.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.117(di).15 G 3.117(nt)-3.117 G -.617(he array v)-3.117 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)3.117 G(SH_REMA).3 E -(TCH)-.95 E F0 5.617(.T)C .617(he element of)-5.617 F F1 -.3(BA)3.118 G -(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .618(with inde)3.118 F(x)-.15 E 6.883(0i)144 -352.8 S 6.883(st)-6.883 G 4.382 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-6.883 F 4.382(gular e) --.15 F 6.882(xpression. The)-.15 F 4.382(element of)6.882 F F1 -.3(BA) -144 364.8 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 2.087(with inde)4.587 F(x)-.15 E -F2(n)4.587 E F0 2.088(is the portion of the string matching the)4.587 F -F2(n)4.588 E F0 2.088(th parenthesized)B(sube)144 376.8 Q(xpression.) --.15 E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 394.8 R .785 +-.15 F(sa)144 358.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.096(di).15 G 3.097(nt)-3.096 G +.597(he array v)-3.097 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E +(TCH)-.855 E F4(.)A F0 .597(The element of)5.097 F F3 -.27(BA)3.097 G +(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 .597(with inde)2.847 F 3.097(x0i)-.15 G(s) +-3.097 E .049(the portion of the string matching the entire re)144 370.8 +R .049(gular e)-.15 F 2.549(xpression. The)-.15 F .049(element of)2.549 +F F3 -.27(BA)2.549 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0(with inde)144 382.8 Q +(x)-.15 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is the portion of the string matching the)2.5 E +F2(n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 400.8 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 -406.8 Q F1(\()144 424.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)) -2.5 E F0 .522(Returns the v)180 436.8 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex) +412.8 Q F1(\()144 430.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)) +2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 442.8 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex) 3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) -5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F -(operators.)180 448.8 Q F1(!)144 460.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) --.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 472.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2(ex)144 484.8 S(pr).2 E +(operators.)180 454.8 Q F1(!)144 466.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) +-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 478.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2(ex)144 490.8 S(pr).2 E (ession1)-.37 E F1(&&)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 496.8 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) +-.35(Tr)180 502.8 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) -.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.) -2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 508.8 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E/F5 10/Symbol SF -<efef>2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 520.8 +2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 514.8 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E/F5 10/Symbol SF +<efef>2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 526.8 S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 537.6 -Q F1(&&)3.299 E F0(and)3.299 E F5<efef>3.298 E F0 .798 +F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 543.6 +Q F1(&&)3.298 E F0(and)3.298 E F5<efef>3.298 E F0 .798 (operators do not e)3.298 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.298 G (pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 .798(if the v)3.298 F .798(alue of)-.25 F F2 --.2(ex)3.298 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .798(is suf)3.298 F .798 -(\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 549.6 Q +-.2(ex)3.298 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .799(is suf)3.298 F .799 +(\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 555.6 Q (alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F1 -.25(fo) -108 566.4 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 -.423(The list of w)144 578.4 R .423(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) -2.923 E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.) --.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424 -(is set to)2.924 F .653(each element of this list in turn, and)144 590.4 -R F2(list)3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 -(cuted each time.).15 F .653(If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .653(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 -.648(command e)144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 -.648(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F3 --.666(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).)-.25 E .154 -(The return status is the e)144 614.4 R .153 -(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653 -(cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F -(follo)144 626.4 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 +108 572.4 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2 +(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5(]];])2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 +E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .424(The list of w)144 584.4 R .424 +(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.924 E F0 .423(is e)2.924 F .423 +(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .423(The v)5.423 F(ariable) +-.25 E F2(name)2.923 E F0 .423(is set to)2.923 F .653 +(each element of this list in turn, and)144 596.4 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 +.653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653 +(If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 +(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .649(command e) +144 608.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.149 E F0 .648 +(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F3 -.666 +(PA)3.148 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.898 E(w\).)-.25 E .153 +(The return status is the e)144 620.4 R .153 +(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.654 +(cutes. If).15 F .154(the e)2.654 F .154(xpansion of the items)-.15 F +(follo)144 632.4 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 643.2 S(r).25 E +(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 649.2 S(r).25 E F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 E F2 -(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.235(First, the arithmetic e) -144 655.2 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) -3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236 -(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-3.736 E F3 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 667.2 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) --.54 G(ION).855 E F4(.)A F0 .562(The arithmetic e)5.062 F(xpression)-.15 -E F2 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F0 .561(is then e)3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144 679.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G -.591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2) +(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.236(First, the arithmetic e) +144 661.2 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.736 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) +3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235 +(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.735(wu)-.25 G +(nder)-3.735 E F3 .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 673.2 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) +-.54 G(ION).855 E F4(.)A F0 .561(The arithmetic e)5.061 F(xpression)-.15 +E F2 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 .562(is then e)3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.562(luated repeatedly until).25 F .592(it e)144 685.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G +.592(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.592 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2) .2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E -F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e)3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592 -(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144 691.2 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 --.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729 +F2(list)3.092 E F0 .591(is e)3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .591 +(cuted and the arith-).15 F .228(metic e)144 697.2 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.728 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.728 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729 (luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 (xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G -2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G -.228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 703.2 R .227 -(alue is the e)-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 -(list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f) -.15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 -E -.15(ex)144 715.2 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(5)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.729(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.979 G +.229(luates to 1.).25 F .228(The return v)144 709.2 R .228 +(alue is the e)-.25 F .228(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 +(list)2.728 E F0 .227(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cuted, or f) +.15 F .227(alse if an)-.1 F 2.727(yo)-.15 G 2.727(ft)-2.727 G(he)-2.727 +E -.15(ex)144 721.2 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(5)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -841,69 +845,69 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(select)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G -F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .433(The list of w)144 -96 R .433(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.933 E F0 .432(is e)2.933 -F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .432(The set of e) -5.432 F .432(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .842 +F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .432(The list of w)144 +96 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.932 E F0 .432(is e)2.932 +F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .433(The set of e) +5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843 (is printed on the standard error)144 108 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 (ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) --3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .843 -(is omitted, the posi-)3.343 F .064(tional parameters are printed \(see) -144 120 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.564 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo) -2.314 E 2.564(w\). The)-.25 F F1(PS3)2.564 E F0 .064 -(prompt is then displayed and a)2.564 F .213 +-3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .842 +(is omitted, the posi-)3.342 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) +144 120 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo) +2.451 E 2.701(w\). The)-.25 F F3(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201 +(prompt is then displayed and a)2.451 F .214 (line read from the standard input.)144 132 R .213 -(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.213 -F 1.538(played w)144 144 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of) --.25 F F2(name)4.398 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.218 F 4.037(ord. If) --.1 F 1.537(the line is empty)4.037 F 4.037(,t)-.65 G 1.537(he w)-4.037 -F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 156 R 2.565 -(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.565 F(An) -5.066 E 2.566(yo)-.15 G .066(ther v)-2.566 F .066(alue read causes)-.25 -F F2(name)144 168 Q F0 .76(to be set to null.)3.44 F .76 -(The line read is sa)5.76 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.259(di).15 G 3.259(nt)-3.259 -G .759(he v)-3.259 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(REPL)3.259 E(Y)-.92 E F0 5.759 -(.T)C(he)-5.759 E F2(list)3.349 E F0 .759(is e)3.939 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.759(cuted after).15 F .071(each selection until a)144 180 R F1(br)2.571 -E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 -(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1(select) -2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .072(xit status of the)-.15 F +(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.214 +F 1.537(played w)144 144 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of) +-.25 F F2(name)4.397 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.217 F 4.037(ord. If) +-.1 F 1.538(the line is empty)4.038 F 4.038(,t)-.65 G 1.538(he w)-4.038 +F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 156 R 2.566 +(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.566 F(An) +5.065 E 2.565(yo)-.15 G .065(ther v)-2.565 F .065(alue read causes)-.25 +F F2(name)144 168 Q F0 .972(to be set to null.)3.652 F .972 +(The line read is sa)5.972 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.473(di).15 G 3.473(nt) +-3.473 G .973(he v)-3.473 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.473 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)5.473 E F2(list)3.563 E F0 .973(is e)4.153 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .973(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 +180 R F1(br)2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 2.571(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1 +(select)2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .071(xit status of the)-.15 F (last command e)144 192 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 208.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 (pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) -2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 220.8 Q F1(case)3.265 E F0 .764 -(command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 +2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 220.8 Q F1(case)3.264 E F0 .764 +(command \214rst e)3.264 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F -F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F .595 +F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .765(in turn, using the)3.264 F .596 (same matching rules as for pathname e)144 232.8 R .595(xpansion \(see) --.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .596(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.096 E -3.096(w\). The)-.25 F F2(wor)3.096 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.096 E -.15(ex)144 +-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .595(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.095 E +3.095(w\). The)-.25 F F2(wor)3.095 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.095 E -.15(ex)144 244.8 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F 1.092(ariable e)-.25 F 1.092 (xpansion, arithmetic substitution, com-)-.15 F 1.268 (mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 256.8 R -.25 (va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G -1.269(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 268.8 R +1.268(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 268.8 R .353(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .353(ariable e)-.25 F .353 -(xpansion, arithmetic substitution, command substi-)-.15 F 1.516 -(tution, and process substitution.)144 280.8 R 1.516 -(If the shell option)6.516 F F1(nocasematch)4.016 E F0 1.517 -(is enabled, the match is per)4.017 F(-)-.2 E 1.347(formed without re) -144 292.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.347 -(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F 1.346 +(xpansion, arithmetic substitution, command substi-)-.15 F 1.517 +(tution, and process substitution.)144 280.8 R 1.517 +(If the shell option)6.517 F F1(nocasematch)4.016 E F0 1.516 +(is enabled, the match is per)4.016 F(-)-.2 E 1.346(formed without re) +144 292.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.346 +(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F 1.347 (When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 304.8 Q F2(list) -2.776 E F0 .277(is e)2.776 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.777(cuted. If).15 F(the) +2.777 E F0 .277(is e)2.777 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.777(cuted. If).15 F(the) 2.777 E F1(;;)2.777 E F0 .277 (operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after the)2.777 F -.849(\214rst pattern match.)144 316.8 R(Using)5.849 E F1(;&)3.349 E F0 +.848(\214rst pattern match.)144 316.8 R(Using)5.848 E F1(;&)3.348 E F0 .849(in place of)3.349 F F1(;;)3.349 E F0 .849(causes e)3.349 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .849(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)3.348 E F0 -(associated)3.348 E .077(with the ne)144 328.8 R .077 -(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.077 E F1(;;&)2.577 E F0 .078 -(in place of)2.577 F F1(;;)2.578 E F0 .078 -(causes the shell to test the ne)2.578 F .078(xt pattern list in)-.15 F +-.15 G .849(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)3.349 E F0 +(associated)3.349 E .078(with the ne)144 328.8 R .078 +(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.078 E F1(;;&)2.578 E F0 .078 +(in place of)2.578 F F1(;;)2.578 E F0 .077 +(causes the shell to test the ne)2.578 F .077(xt pattern list in)-.15 F .227(the statement, if an)144 340.8 R 1.527 -.65(y, a)-.15 H .227(nd e) .65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cute an).15 F 2.727(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-2.727 E F2(list)2.727 E F0 .227(on a successful match.)2.727 F .227(The e) @@ -913,81 +917,81 @@ Q(Otherwise, it is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E (list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list;)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(elif)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 381.6 Q F1 -(if)2.977 E F2(list)3.067 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 +(if)2.978 E F2(list)3.068 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 (cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F1(elif)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 -E F0 1.088(is e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088 +2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F1(elif)2.977 E F2(list)2.977 +E F0 1.087(is e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087 (cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 (xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F1(then)3.587 E F2(list) -3.587 E F0 1.087(is e)3.587 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted and the).15 F -.103(command completes.)144 405.6 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.103 F F1(else) +3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted and the).15 F +.104(command completes.)144 405.6 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F1(else) 2.603 E F2(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 (cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) --.15 F .104(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 417.6 Q -.15 +-.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 417.6 Q -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while) 108 434.4 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 (done)2.5 E(until)108 446.4 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list) -2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 458.4 Q F1(while)3.104 E F0 .603 -(command continuously e)3.104 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .603(cutes the).15 F F1 +2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 458.4 Q F1(while)3.103 E F0 .603 +(command continuously e)3.103 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .603(cutes the).15 F F1 (do)3.103 E F2(list)3.103 E F0 .603(as long as the last command in)3.103 -F F2(list)3.103 E F0(returns)3.103 E .47(an e)144 470.4 R .47 -(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.47 E F1(until)2.97 E F0 .471 -(command is identical to the)2.97 F F1(while)2.971 E F0 .471(command, e) -2.971 F .471(xcept that the test)-.15 F .096(is ne)144 482.4 R -.05(ga) --.15 G .096(ted; the).05 F F1(do)2.596 E F2(list)2.686 E F0 .095(is e) -3.276 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .095(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F -F2(list)2.685 E F0 .095(returns a non-zero e)3.275 F .095(xit status.) --.15 F 1.306(The e)144 494.4 R 1.306(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while) -3.806 E F0(and)3.806 E F1(until)3.807 E F0 1.307(commands is the e)3.807 -F 1.307(xit status of the last)-.15 F F1(do)3.807 E F2(list)3.807 E F0 -(command)3.807 E -.15(exe)144 506.4 S(cuted, or zero if none w).15 E +F F2(list)3.104 E F0(returns)3.104 E .471(an e)144 470.4 R .471 +(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.471 E F1(until)2.971 E F0 .471 +(command is identical to the)2.971 F F1(while)2.97 E F0 .47(command, e) +2.97 F .47(xcept that the test)-.15 F .095(is ne)144 482.4 R -.05(ga) +-.15 G .095(ted; the).05 F F1(do)2.595 E F2(list)2.685 E F0 .095(is e) +3.275 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .095(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F +F2(list)2.685 E F0 .096(returns a non-zero e)3.276 F .096(xit status.) +-.15 F 1.307(The e)144 494.4 R 1.307(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while) +3.807 E F0(and)3.807 E F1(until)3.807 E F0 1.307(commands is the e)3.807 +F 1.306(xit status of the last)-.15 F F1(do)3.806 E F2(list)3.806 E F0 +(command)3.806 E -.15(exe)144 506.4 S(cuted, or zero if none w).15 E (as e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(Copr)87 523.2 Q(ocesses)-.18 -E F0(A)108 535.2 Q F2(copr)3.713 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.213 -(is a shell command preceded by the)3.713 F F1(copr)3.712 E(oc)-.18 E F0 -(reserv)3.712 E 1.212(ed w)-.15 F 3.712(ord. A)-.1 F 1.212 -(coprocess is e)3.712 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.212(cuted asyn-).15 F .574(chr\ +E F0(A)108 535.2 Q F2(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 +(is a shell command preceded by the)3.712 F F1(copr)3.713 E(oc)-.18 E F0 +(reserv)3.713 E 1.213(ed w)-.15 F 3.713(ord. A)-.1 F 1.213 +(coprocess is e)3.713 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.213(cuted asyn-).15 F .575(chr\ onously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) -108 547.2 R F1(&)3.075 E F0 .575(control operator)3.075 F 3.075(,w)-.4 G -.575(ith a tw)-3.075 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 559.2 S 2.5(yp).1 G +108 547.2 R F1(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G +.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 559.2 S 2.5(yp).1 G (ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The format for a coprocess is:) 108 576 Q F1(copr)144 592.8 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E -F0(])A .923(This creates a coprocess named)108 609.6 R F2 -.27(NA)3.423 -G(ME).27 E F0 5.923(.I)C(f)-5.923 E F2 -.27(NA)3.423 G(ME).27 E F0 .922 -(is not supplied, the def)3.423 F .922(ault name is)-.1 F F2(COPR)3.422 -E(OC)-.4 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.922 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 +F0(])A .922(This creates a coprocess named)108 609.6 R F2 -.27(NA)3.422 +G(ME).27 E F0 5.922(.I)C(f)-5.922 E F2 -.27(NA)3.422 G(ME).27 E F0 .923 +(is not supplied, the def)3.422 F .923(ault name is)-.1 F F2(COPR)3.423 +E(OC)-.4 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.923 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 (must not be supplied if)108 621.6 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 F F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .64(\); otherwise, it is interpreted as the \214rst).15 F -.1(wo)108 633.6 S .163(rd of the simple command.).1 F .163(When the coproc is e) 5.163 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .163(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F -.163(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.662 E F0(belo)108 645.6 Q .511 -(w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA)3.011 G(ME).27 E F0 .511(in the conte)3.011 +.163(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.663 E F0(belo)108 645.6 Q .512 +(w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA)3.012 G(ME).27 E F0 .512(in the conte)3.012 F .511(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .511(cuting shell.).15 F .511 -(The standard output of)5.511 F F2(command)3.212 E F0 .512(is connected) -3.782 F .811(via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 657.6 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .81(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to) -.15 F F2 -.27(NA)3.31 G(ME).27 E F0 3.31([0]. The)B .716 -(standard input of)108 669.6 R F2(command)3.416 E F0 .716 -(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)3.986 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .717(cuting shell, and that \214le).15 F .703 -(descriptor is assigned to)108 681.6 R F2 -.27(NA)3.203 G(ME).27 E F0 -3.203([1]. This)B .703(pipe is established before an)3.203 F 3.202(yr) --.15 G .702(edirections speci\214ed by the com-)-3.202 F 1.183 -(mand \(see)108 693.6 R F3(REDIRECTION)3.683 E F0(belo)3.433 E 3.683 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.183(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.683 F -1.184(guments to shell commands)-.18 F .07 +(The standard output of)5.511 F F2(command)3.211 E F0 .511(is connected) +3.781 F .81(via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 657.6 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .811(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to) +.15 F F2 -.27(NA)3.311 G(ME).27 E F0 3.311([0]. The)B .717 +(standard input of)108 669.6 R F2(command)3.417 E F0 .716 +(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)3.987 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .716(cuting shell, and that \214le).15 F .702 +(descriptor is assigned to)108 681.6 R F2 -.27(NA)3.202 G(ME).27 E F0 +3.202([1]. This)B .703(pipe is established before an)3.203 F 3.203(yr) +-.15 G .703(edirections speci\214ed by the com-)-3.203 F 1.184 +(mand \(see)108 693.6 R F3(REDIRECTION)3.684 E F0(belo)3.434 E 3.684 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.183(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.684 F +1.183(guments to shell commands)-.18 F .07 (and redirections using standard w)108 705.6 R .07(ord e)-.1 F 2.57 (xpansions. The)-.15 F .07(process id of the shell spa)2.57 F .07 -(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .07(cute the copro-).15 F .631 +(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .07(cute the copro-).15 F .632 (cess is a)108 717.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .631(ilable as the v).25 F .631 (alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -.27(NA)3.131 G(ME).27 E F0 3.131(_PID. The)B F1(wait)3.131 E F0 -.2(bu)3.131 G .631 (iltin command may be used to w).2 F(ait)-.1 E -(for the coprocess to terminate.)108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(6)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(for the coprocess to terminate.)108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(6)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -995,18 +999,18 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 84 Q(xit status of) -.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 100.8 Q F0 2.698(As)108 112.8 S .198 -(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.698 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G -.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 +SF(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 100.8 Q F0 2.697(As)108 112.8 S .198 +(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.697 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G +.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 (cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 124.8 S .5 -.25(ew s) -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E (Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E([)108 141.6 Q F2 (function)2.5 E F0(])2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(\(\))2.5 E F1 (compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 -E F0(])A 1.402(This de\214nes a function named)144 153.6 R F1(name)3.902 +E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 153.6 R F1(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F2 -(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F 1.403(If the)6.402 F F2 -(function)3.903 E F0(reserv)144 165.6 Q .162(ed w)-.15 F .162 +(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F 1.402(If the)6.402 F F2 +(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 165.6 Q .162(ed w)-.15 F .162 (ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F(The)5.162 E F1 (body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound)2.662 F(command) 144 177.6 Q F1(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see)3.354 E F2 .084 @@ -1015,17 +1019,17 @@ E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F2 (of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544 (yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F2 .044(Compound Commands) 2.544 F F0(abo)144 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -(compound\255command)6.67 E F0 1.67(is e)4.17 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.671 +(compound\255command)6.671 E F0 1.671(is e)4.171 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.671 (cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1(name)4.171 E F0 1.671 -(is speci\214ed as the name of a simple)4.171 F 3.009(command. An)144 +(is speci\214ed as the name of a simple)4.171 F 3.008(command. An)144 213.6 R 3.009(yr)-.15 G .509(edirections \(see)-3.009 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.009 E F0(belo)2.759 E .509 -(w\) speci\214ed when a function is de\214ned are)-.25 F .58 -(performed when the function is e)144 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.08 -(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.081 G .581 +(w\) speci\214ed when a function is de\214ned are)-.25 F .581 +(performed when the function is e)144 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.081 +(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.081 G .58 (it status of a function de\214nition is zero unless a).15 F .177(synta\ x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 -237.6 R 2.677(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)2.677 G .177(cuted, the).15 F +237.6 R 2.678(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)2.678 G .178(cuted, the).15 F -.15(ex)144 249.6 S .64(it status of a function is the e).15 F .64 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .64 (cuted in the body).15 F 5.64(.\()-.65 G(See)-5.64 E F3(FUNC-)3.14 E @@ -1034,4447 +1038,4589 @@ x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 290.4 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F2(interacti)3.482 E -.1 (ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F2(shopt)3.482 E -F0 -.2(bu)108 302.4 S .951(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B) -3.451 F(UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952 -(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)3.452 E -F0 .952(causes that w)3.452 F(ord)-.1 E .605 +F0 -.2(bu)108 302.4 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B) +3.452 F(UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952 +(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)3.451 E +F0 .951(causes that w)3.451 F(ord)-.1 E .604 (and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 314.4 R -.604(An interacti)5.605 F .904 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .604(hell without the) -.15 F F2(interacti)3.104 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 326.4 Q F0 -1.336(option enabled does not allo)3.836 F 3.836(wc)-.25 G 3.836 -(omments. The)-3.836 F F2(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 1.337(option is on by def)3.837 F 1.337(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 +.605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) +.15 F F2(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 326.4 Q F0 +1.337(option enabled does not allo)3.837 F 3.837(wc)-.25 G 3.836 +(omments. The)-3.837 F F2(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 338.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 355.2 S -.438(OT) -.11 G(ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 367.2 Q F0 .478(is used to remo)2.978 F +.11 G(ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 367.2 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477 (he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477 -(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .477(Quoting can be)5.477 F .184 +(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 (used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 -379.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .185(ed w)-.15 F .185 +379.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 (ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 391.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .289(Each of the)108 -408 R F1(metac)2.789 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 -(listed abo)2.789 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS) +(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 +408 R F1(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 +(listed abo)2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS) 2.788 E F0 .288(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F -(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 420 Q 1.344 +(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 420 Q 1.345 (When the command history e)108 436.8 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 (acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 -(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.595 E 1.345(w\), the) +(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) -.25 F F1(history e)108 448.8 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 (,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E (There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 465.6 Q F1(escape c)2.5 E (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G -(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.975(An)108 482.4 S .475 -(on-quoted backslash \()-2.975 F F2(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 +(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 482.4 S .474 +(on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F F2(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 G(he)-2.974 E F1 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 (.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474(es the literal v)-.15 F -.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .474(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 494.4 -Q 1.553(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of <ne)-.15 F 4.053 +.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 494.4 +Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of <ne)-.15 F 4.053 (wline>. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F2(\\)4.053 E F0(<ne)A 1.553 -(wline> pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.123 -(quoted, the)108 506.4 R F2(\\)3.623 E F0(<ne)A 1.122 +(wline> pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.122 +(quoted, the)108 506.4 R F2(\\)3.622 E F0(<ne)A 1.122 (wline> is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.122(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.123(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F (ef)108 518.4 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 (Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 535.2 R .295 (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E (gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 547.2 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .034 +-.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 (Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 564 R .034 (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 -576 S .827(ception of).15 F F2($)3.327 E F0(,)A F2<92>3.328 E F0(,)A F2 +576 S .828(ception of).15 F F2($)3.328 E F0(,)A F2<92>3.328 E F0(,)A F2 (\\)3.328 E F0 3.328(,a)C .828(nd, when history e)-3.328 F .828 (xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F2(!)3.328 E F0 5.828(.T)C .828 (he characters)-5.828 F F2($)3.328 E F0(and)3.328 E F2<92>3.328 E F0 -.828(retain their special)3.328 F .075(meaning within double quotes.)108 +.827(retain their special)3.328 F .074(meaning within double quotes.)108 588 R .074(The backslash retains its special meaning only when follo) -5.075 F .074(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 600 Q .204 -(wing characters:)-.25 F F2($)2.704 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.704 E F0(,)A F2(") -3.537 E F0(,).833 E F2(\\)2.704 E F0 2.704(,o)C(r)-2.704 E F2(<newline>) -2.705 E F0 5.205(.A)C .205 -(double quote may be quoted within double quotes by pre-)-2.5 F .082 +5.074 F .075(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 600 Q .205 +(wing characters:)-.25 F F2($)2.705 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.705 E F0(,)A F2(") +3.538 E F0(,).833 E F2(\\)2.705 E F0 2.705(,o)C(r)-2.705 E F2(<newline>) +2.705 E F0 5.205(.A)C .204 +(double quote may be quoted within double quotes by pre-)-2.5 F .081 (ceding it with a backslash.)108 612 R .082(If enabled, history e)5.082 -F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F2(!)2.581 E F0 .081 -(appearing in double)5.081 F(quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 +F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F2(!)2.582 E F0 .082 +(appearing in double)5.082 F(quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 624 Q(The backslash preceding the)5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 640.8 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0 (and)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H (pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 657.6 S .211 -(rds of the form).8 F F2($)2.711 E F0<08>A F1(string)A F0 2.711<0861>C -.211(re treated specially)-2.711 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F -.211(ord e)-.1 F .212(xpands to)-.15 F F1(string)2.712 E F0 2.712(,w)C -.212(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.712 F(-)-.2 E .605 -(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 669.6 R .604 +(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 657.6 S .212 +(rds of the form).8 F F2($)2.712 E F0<08>A F1(string)A F0 2.712<0861>C +.211(re treated specially)-2.712 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F +.211(ord e)-.1 F .211(xpands to)-.15 F F1(string)2.711 E F0 2.711(,w)C +.211(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.711 F(-)-.2 E .604 +(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 669.6 R .605 (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo) 108 681.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 693.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2 (\\b)144 705.6 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F2(\\e)144 717.6 Q F0 -(an escape character)28.78 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) -140.96 E(7)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(7)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\f)144 84 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n) -144 96 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 108 Q F0 -(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 120 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1 -(\\v)144 132 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 144 Q F0 -(backslash)30.44 E F1<5c08>144 156 Q F0(single quote)30.44 E F1(\\)144 -168 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) -18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 180 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\c)144 192 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5 -(ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 E F2(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 208.8 Q(\ -xpanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been pre\ -sent.)-.15 E 2.985(Ad)108 225.6 S .485 -(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.985 F F1($)A F0 -2.986(\)w)C .486(ill cause the string to be translated according to the) --2.986 F .118(current locale.)108 237.6 R .118(If the current locale is) -5.118 F F1(C)2.618 E F0(or)2.618 E F1(POSIX)2.618 E F0 2.618(,t)C .117 -(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.618 F .117 -(If the string is translated and)5.117 F -(replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 249.6 Q/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 266.4 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 278.4 Q F2 -(par)4.592 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .842(is an entity that stores v)4.072 F -3.342(alues. 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It)-.25 F .843(can be a)3.343 F F2(name)3.342 E F0 3.342 +(,an).18 G(umber)-3.342 E 3.342(,o)-.4 G 3.342(ro)-3.342 G .842 +(ne of the special characters)-3.342 F .822(listed belo)108 314.4 R 3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.823(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a) 3.503 F F2(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823 -(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 302.4 Q F0 .368(and zero or more)2.868 -F F2(attrib)2.868 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 -(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.869 G .369(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar)2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0 -(belo)108 314.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B) +(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 326.4 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869 +F F2(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 +(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 +(belo)108 338.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B) 2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 -2.755(Ap)108 331.2 S .255(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v) --2.755 F 2.754(alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .254 -(alid v)-.25 F 2.754(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.754(av)2.754 G .254 -(ariable is set, it)-3.004 F(may be unset only by using the)108 343.2 Q +2.754(Ap)108 355.2 S .254(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v) +-2.754 F 2.754(alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .255 +(alid v)-.25 F 2.755(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255 +(ariable is set, it)-3.005 F(may be unset only by using the)108 367.2 Q F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 360 Q +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 384 Q F2(variable)2.79 E F0(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 -E F2(name)144 376.8 Q F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(If)108 393.6 Q F2(value) -3.022 E F0 .232(is not gi)2.912 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .232(n, the v).15 F -.232(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.233 E F2(values) -3.023 E F0(under)3.003 E .233(go tilde e)-.18 F .233 -(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F .515(and v)108 405.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F +E F2(name)144 400.8 Q F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(If)108 417.6 Q F2(value) +3.023 E F0 .233(is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F +.232(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F2(values) +3.022 E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232 +(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F .515(and v)108 429.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) --3.015 E F4(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 417.6 Q 2.698 -(w\). If)-.25 F .198(the v)2.698 F .198(ariable has its)-.25 F F1 +-3.015 E F4(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 441.6 Q 2.699 +(w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F1 (integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F2(value) -2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .199 -(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .199(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n).15 E .902(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 429.6 R .902 +2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198 +(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n).15 E .901(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 453.6 R .901 (xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F -F0(belo)3.401 E 3.401(w\). W)-.25 F .901 -(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.178(with the e)108 441.6 R -1.178(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.678 E F0 1.178(as e)3.678 F 1.179 -(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.179(Special P) -3.679 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.179(.P)C 1.179(athname e)-6.329 F 1.179 -(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.649(performed. Assignment)108 453.6 R 1.149 -(statements may also appear as ar)3.649 F 1.148(guments to the)-.18 F F1 -(alias)3.648 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.648 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.648 -E F0(,)A F1(export)3.648 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 465.6 S(adonly).18 E F0 +F0(belo)3.401 E 3.402(w\). W)-.25 F .902 +(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.179(with the e)108 465.6 R +1.179(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.679 E F0 1.179(as e)3.679 F 1.179 +(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.178(Special P) +3.678 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.178(.P)C 1.178(athname e)-6.328 F 1.178 +(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.648(performed. Assignment)108 477.6 R 1.148 +(statements may also appear as ar)3.648 F 1.149(guments to the)-.18 F F1 +(alias)3.649 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.649 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.649 +E F0(,)A F1(export)3.649 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 489.6 S(adonly).18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(local)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin commands.).2 E -.376(In the conte)108 482.4 R .376 +.377(In the conte)108 506.4 R .377 (xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376 -(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377 +(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .376(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .376 (x, the +=)-.15 F .257 -(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 494.4 R(ariable') +(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 518.4 R(ariable') -.25 E 2.757(sp)-.55 G(re)-2.757 E .257(vious v)-.25 F 2.757(alue. When) --.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .372 -(for which the inte)108 506.4 R .372(ger attrib)-.15 F .372 +-.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .373 +(for which the inte)108 530.4 R .373(ger attrib)-.15 F .372 (ute has been set,)-.2 F F2(value)2.872 E F0 .372(is e)2.872 F -.25(va) --.25 G .372(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .373 -(xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 518.4 S(riable').25 E -2.889(sc)-.55 G .389(urrent v)-2.889 F .389(alue, which is also e)-.25 F +-.25 G .372(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .372 +(xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 542.4 S(riable').25 E +2.888(sc)-.55 G .388(urrent v)-2.888 F .388(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.889(luated. When).25 F .389 -(+= is applied to an array v)2.889 F .388(ariable using compound)-.25 F -.185(assignment \(see)108 530.4 R F1(Arrays)2.685 E F0(belo)2.685 E .185 +(+= is applied to an array v)2.889 F .389(ariable using compound)-.25 F +.186(assignment \(see)108 554.4 R F1(Arrays)2.686 E F0(belo)2.686 E .186 (w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.685(sv)-.55 G .185 -(alue is not unset \(as it is when using =\), and ne)-2.935 F 2.686(wv) --.25 G .186(alues are)-2.936 F 1.385(appended to the array be)108 542.4 -R 1.384(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 3.884(sm)-.55 G -1.384(aximum inde)-3.884 F 3.884(x\()-.15 G 1.384(for inde)-3.884 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.884(da).15 G 1.384(rrays\) or)-3.884 F .122 -(added as additional k)108 554.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G<ad76>.15 E .122 +(alue is not unset \(as it is when using =\), and ne)-2.935 F 2.685(wv) +-.25 G .185(alues are)-2.935 F 1.384(appended to the array be)108 566.4 +R 1.384(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 3.885(sm)-.55 G +1.385(aximum inde)-3.885 F 3.885(x\()-.15 G 1.385(for inde)-3.885 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.885(da).15 G 1.385(rrays\) or)-3.885 F .123 +(added as additional k)108 578.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G<ad76>.15 E .123 (alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F .423 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E -5.123(.W)-.65 G .123(hen applied to a string-v)-5.123 F .123(alued v) --.25 F(ariable,)-.25 E F2(value)2.623 E F0(is e)108 566.4 Q +5.123(.W)-.65 G .122(hen applied to a string-v)-5.123 F .122(alued v) +-.25 F(ariable,)-.25 E F2(value)2.622 E F0(is e)108 590.4 Q (xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G -(alue.)-2.75 E F1 -.2(Po)87 583.2 S(sitional P).2 E(arameters)-.1 E F0 -(A)108 595.2 Q F2 .706(positional par)4.456 F(ameter)-.15 E F0 .706(is \ +(alue.)-2.75 E F1 -.2(Po)87 607.2 S(sitional P).2 E(arameters)-.1 E F0 +(A)108 619.2 Q F2 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter)-.15 E F0 .706(is \ a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit \ -0.)3.936 F(Posi-)5.705 E .444 -(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 607.2 R 2.944(sa) +0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 +(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 631.2 R 2.944(sa) -.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G .445(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 619.2 Q F1 -(set)3.334 E F0 -.2(bu)3.334 G .834(iltin command.).2 F .833(Positional\ - parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.834 F -(The)5.833 E .334(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a\ - shell function is e)108 631.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .334(cuted \(see).15 F -F4(FUNCTIONS)2.834 E F0(belo)2.584 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When a positiona\ -l parameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 648 R 1.403 -(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 660 Q F4(EXP) -2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Special P)87 676.8 Q -(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674(The shell treats se)108 688.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.675 +(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 643.2 Q F1 +(set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ + parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F +(The)5.834 E .334(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a\ + shell function is e)108 655.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .333(cuted \(see).15 F +F4(FUNCTIONS)2.833 E F0(belo)2.583 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403(When a positiona\ +l parameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 672 R 1.404 +(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 684 Q F4(EXP) +2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Special P)87 700.8 Q +(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675(The shell treats se)108 712.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +1.675(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.674 (hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F -(them is not allo)108 700.8 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 712.8 Q F0 .606 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .605 -(When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F 1.432 -(ble quotes, it e)144 724.8 R 1.432(xpands to a single w)-.15 F 1.432 -(ord with the v)-.1 F 1.433 -(alue of each parameter separated by the \214rst)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(8)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(them is not allo)108 724.8 Q(wed.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(8)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .335(character of the)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.835 E -F0 .335(special v)2.585 F 2.835(ariable. That)-.25 F .335(is, ")2.835 F -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($*)A F0 2.834("i)C 2.834(se)-2.834 G(qui)-2.834 E --.25(va)-.25 G .334(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A -F2($2)A F3(c)A F2(...)A F0 .334(", where)B F3(c)3.034 E F0 .334 -(is the \214rst)3.144 F .487(character of the v)144 96 R .487 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(IFS)2.987 E F0 -.25(va)2.737 G 2.987(riable. If) -.25 F F1(IFS)2.987 E F0 .487 -(is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.)2.737 F(If)144 108 Q -F1(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E -(ening separators.)-.15 E F2(@)108 120 Q F0 .606 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)26.7 F .605 -(When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .113 -(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 132 R .113(xpands to a separate w)-.15 -F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .114(is, ")2.614 F F2($@)A F0 2.614("i)C 2.614 -(se)-2.614 G(qui)-2.614 E -.25(va)-.25 G .114(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A F0 -2.614("")C F2($2)-2.614 E F0 2.614(".)C(..)-2.614 E .135 -(If the double-quoted e)144 144 R .135(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F -.135(ord, the e)-.1 F .134(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined) --.15 F .15(with the be)144 156 R .15(ginning part of the original w)-.15 -F .151(ord, and the e)-.1 F .151 -(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .338 -(the last part of the original w)144 168 R 2.838(ord. When)-.1 F .337 -(there are no positional parameters, ")2.838 F F2($@)A F0 2.837("a)C(nd) --2.837 E F2($@)2.837 E F0 -.15(ex)2.837 G(pand).15 E -(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 180 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 192 Q F0 -(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)31 E F2(?) -108 204 Q F0(Expands to the e)31 E(xit status of the most recently e) --.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2<ad>108 -216 Q F0 .881 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)108 84 Q F0 .605 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .606 +(When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .084 +(ble quotes, it e)144 96 R .084(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .084 +(ord with the v)-.1 F .084 +(alue of each parameter separated by the \214rst char)-.25 F(-)-.2 E +.003(acter of the)144 108 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.503 E F0 .003 +(special v)2.253 F 2.503(ariable. That)-.25 F .003(is, ")2.503 F F1($*)A +F0 2.503("i)C 2.503(se)-2.503 G(qui)-2.503 E -.25(va)-.25 G .003 +(lent to ").25 F F1($1)A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A F1($2)A F3(c)A F1 +(...)A F0 .003(", where)B F3(c)2.703 E F0 .004(is the \214rst char)2.813 +F(-)-.2 E .769(acter of the v)144 120 R .769(alue of the)-.25 F F2(IFS) +3.269 E F0 -.25(va)3.019 G 3.269(riable. If).25 F F2(IFS)3.268 E F0 .768 +(is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.)3.018 F(If)5.768 E F2 +(IFS)144 132 Q F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 +E(ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 144 Q F0 .605 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)26.7 F .606 +(When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .114 +(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 156 R .114(xpands to a separate w)-.15 +F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F1($@)A F0 2.613("i)C 2.613 +(se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F1($1)A F0 +2.613("")C F1($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E .134 +(If the double-quoted e)144 168 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F +.135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined) +-.15 F .151(with the be)144 180 R .151(ginning part of the original w) +-.15 F .151(ord, and the e)-.1 F .15 +(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337 +(the last part of the original w)144 192 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 +(there are no positional parameters, ")2.837 F F1($@)A F0 2.838("a)C(nd) +-2.838 E F1($@)2.838 E F0 -.15(ex)2.838 G(pand).15 E +(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 204 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 216 Q F0 +(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)31 E F1(?) +108 228 Q F0(Expands to the e)31 E(xit status of the most recently e) +-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1<ad>108 +240 Q F0 .882 (Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)30.3 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G .882 +(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G .881 (iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the)144 -228 Q F2<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 240 Q F0 .214 +252 Q F1<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F1($)108 264 Q F0 .214 (Expands to the process ID of the shell.)31 F .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F -(shell, not the subshell.)144 252 Q F2(!)108 264 Q F0 +(shell, not the subshell.)144 276 Q F1(!)108 288 Q F0 (Expands to the process ID of the most recently e)32.67 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F2(0)108 276 Q F0 -1.691(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)31 F 1.692 -(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F2(bash)4.192 E -F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 288 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F2($0)3.078 E F0 .578 -(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F2(bash)3.077 E -F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F2<ad63>3.077 E F0 .368 -(option, then)144 300 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369(is set to the \214rst ar) +(cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F1(0)108 300 Q F0 +1.692(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)31 F 1.691 +(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F1(bash)4.191 E +F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 312 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F1($0)3.077 E F0 .578 +(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F1(bash)3.078 E +F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F1<ad63>3.078 E F0 .369 +(option, then)144 324 R F1($0)2.869 E F0 .369(is set to the \214rst ar) 2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369 -(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E(-)-.2 E -(wise, it is set to the \214le name used to in)144 312 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 -H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F2(_)108 -324 Q F0 .055(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in) -31 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054 -(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691 -(as passed in the en)144 336 R .691(vironment or ar)-.4 F .691 -(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E 3.191(,e)-.65 G .692 -(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the)-.18 F(pre)144 348 Q -.571(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.071(xpansion. 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Also)-.15 F .571 +(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e) +.2 H .571(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 384 S 1.6 (cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 (xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F (parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 -372 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2(Shell V)87 388.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 -400.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2 -.3(BA) -108 417.6 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214le name used to in)9.07 E --.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A -F2 -.3(BA)108 429.6 S(SHPID).3 E F0 .361 -(Expands to the process id of the current)144 441.6 R F2(bash)2.861 E F0 -2.861(process. This)2.861 F(dif)2.86 E .36(fers from)-.25 F F2($$)2.86 E -F0 .36(under certain circum-)2.86 F -(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 453.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 -E F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 465.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E -F0 1.195(An associati)144 477.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v) +396 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1(Shell V)87 412.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 +424.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) +108 441.6 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214le name used to in)9.07 E +-.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A +F1 -.3(BA)108 453.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 465.6 S .049 +(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.548 F .049(Each w) +5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad73>2.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 477.6 +R F1(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 +1.398(SHELL B)3.898 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.398(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) +3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 +489.6 R F2 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as) +2.726 F F3(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F1(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977 +(ft)-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F +(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 501.6 Q F1(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ +ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F +3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 513.6 Q +(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1 -.3(BA)108 525.6 S(SHPID).3 E +F0 .36(Expands to the process id of the current)144 537.6 R F1(bash) +2.861 E F0 2.861(process. This)2.861 F(dif)2.861 E .361(fers from)-.25 F +F1($$)2.861 E F0 .361(under certain circum-)2.861 F +(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 549.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 +E F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 561.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E +F0 1.195(An associati)144 573.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v) .15 F 1.195(ariable whose members correspond to the internal list of al\ -iases as main-)-.25 F .319(tained by the)144 489.6 R F2(alias)2.819 E F0 --.2(bu)2.819 G .318(iltin Elements added to this array appear in the al\ +iases as main-)-.25 F .318(tained by the)144 585.6 R F1(alias)2.818 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.818 G .318(iltin Elements added to this array appear in the al\ ias list; unsetting array ele-).2 F(ments cause aliases to be remo)144 -501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the alias list.)-2.5 E F2 -.3 -(BA)108 513.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .934(An array v)144 525.6 R .934 +597.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the alias list.)-2.5 E F1 -.3 +(BA)108 609.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935(An array v)144 621.6 R .935 (ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F2(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 537.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F +F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 633.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\ -n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 549.6 S .141(cuted with).15 F F2(.) -2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F2(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa) --2.641 G 2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 -(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 1.525(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -561.6 R F2 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 6.524(.T)C 1.524 -(he shell sets)-6.524 F F2 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 1.524 -(only when in)4.024 F -.15(ex)144 573.6 S(tended deb).15 E -(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F2(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E -F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E -(w\))-.25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 585.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 -597.6 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current) --.25 F F2(bash)3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F -(The)5.98 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at th\ -e top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 609.6 R -1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 621.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) +n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 645.6 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.) +2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa) +-2.642 G 2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 +(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 +657.6 R F2 -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631 +(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 669.6 S(tended deb).15 E +(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E +F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E +(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 681.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98(An array v)144 +693.6 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current) +-.25 F F1(bash)3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F +(The)5.979 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at t\ +he top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 705.6 R +1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 717.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) 6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 -(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.3(BA)144 -633.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 6.091(.T)C 1.091(he shell sets)-6.091 F F2 -.3 -(BA)3.591 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 1.091(only when in e)3.591 F 1.091 -(xtended deb)-.15 F 1.09(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(description of the) -144 645.6 Q F2(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 657.6 S -(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 669.6 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.667(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal\ - hash table of commands)-.25 F .147(as maintained by the)144 681.6 R F2 -(hash)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F .146 -(added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting)2.646 F -(array elements cause commands to be remo)144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 -(df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 705.6 S(SH_COMMAND).3 -E F0 1.242(The command currently being e)144 717.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.243(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F -(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 -729.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(9)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.27(BA)144 +729.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets)6.697 F F2 -.27(BA) +4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F 2.197(xtended deb) +-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(9)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0 -(The command ar)144 96 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E --.2(vo)-.4 G(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 108 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 -.034(An array v)144 120 R .034(ariable whose members are the line numbe\ -rs in source \214les corresponding to each mem-)-.25 F 2.944(ber of)144 -132 R F1(FUNCN)5.444 E(AME)-.2 E F0(.)A F1(${B)7.944 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 2.944 -(is the line number in the source \214le where)5.444 F F1(${FUNCN)144 -144 Q(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)3.312 G 3.311(sc).1 G .811 -(alled \(or)-3.311 F F1(${B)3.311 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i-1)A F1(]})A -F0 .811(if referenced within another shell)3.311 F 4.567 -(function\). The)144 156 R 2.067(corresponding source \214le name is) -4.567 F F1(${B)4.567 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 7.067(.U)C -(se)-7.067 E F1(LINENO)4.567 E F0(to)4.567 E -(obtain the current line number)144 168 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 180 S -(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 192 R .006 -(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .005 -(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005(conditional com-) -2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 204 R .007(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507 +-.35 E(description of the)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)2.5 E +(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668 +(An associati)144 108 R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668(rray v).15 F .668(ar\ +iable whose members correspond to the internal hash table of commands) +-.25 F .146(as maintained by the)144 120 R F1(hash)2.646 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F .146 +(added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting)2.646 F +(array elements cause commands to be remo)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 +(df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E +F0 1.243(The command currently being e)144 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 +(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F +(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 +168 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 +180 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 192 Q +(gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 204 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .034 +(An array v)144 216 R .034(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ +n source \214les corresponding to each mem-)-.25 F 3.491(ber of)144 228 +R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)5.991 E(AME)-.18 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F1(${B)7.991 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A +F0 3.491(is the line number in the source \214le where)5.991 F F1 +(${FUNCN)144 240 Q(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)3.311 G 3.311 +(sc).1 G .811(alled \(or)-3.311 F F1(${B)3.311 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F4 +($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .811(if referenced within another shell)3.311 F 4.987 +(function\). The)144 252 R 2.487(corresponding source \214le name is) +4.987 F F1(${B)4.986 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 7.486(.U)C +(se)-7.486 E F2(LINENO)4.986 E F0(to)4.736 E +(obtain the current line number)144 264 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 276 S +(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 288 R .005 +(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .006 +(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006(conditional com-) +2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 300 R .007(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507 (x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 216 R(x)-.15 E -F2(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F -F2(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 -(sion. This)144 228 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 240 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .889(An array v)144 252 R .889(ar\ -iable whose members are the source \214lenames corresponding to the ele\ -ments in the)-.25 F F1(FUNCN)144 264 Q(AME)-.2 E F0(array v)2.5 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 276 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .402 -(Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell en)144 288 R .401 -(vironment is spa)-.4 F 2.901(wned. The)-.15 F .401(initial v)2.901 F -.401(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 300 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 312 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 -2.644(Ar)144 324 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 +(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 312 R(x)-.15 E +F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F +F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 +(sion. This)144 324 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E +F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .89(An array v)144 348 R .889(ari\ +able whose members are the source \214lenames corresponding to the elem\ +ents in the)-.25 F F2(FUNCN)144 360 Q(AME)-.18 E F0(array v)2.25 E +(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 372 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .401 +(Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell en)144 384 R .401 +(vironment is spa)-.4 F 2.902(wned. The)-.15 F .402(initial v)2.902 F +.402(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 396 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 408 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 +2.645(Ar)144 420 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 -(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 336 S +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 +(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 432 S (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)144 354 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E -(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 -(BA)144 366 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E -(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) -144 378 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)24.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 390 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A -F0(The b)24.74 E(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 402 S +(BA)144 450 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E +(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 +(BA)144 462 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E +(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) +144 474 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)24.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 486 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A +F0(The b)24.74 E(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 498 S (SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)24.74 E -F2(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 414 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 -(])A F0(The v)24.74 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0(.)A F1 --.3(BA)108 430.8 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 -(Expands to a string describing the v)144 442.8 Q +F4(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 510 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 +(])A F0(The v)24.74 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E F3(.)A +F1 -.3(BA)108 526.8 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 +(Expands to a string describing the v)144 538.8 Q (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -459.6 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 471.6 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 +555.6 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 567.6 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 483.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 579.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 495.6 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 -E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 512.4 Q F0(The k)144 524.4 Q +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 591.6 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 +E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 608.4 Q F0(The k)144 620.4 Q .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t) -.2 H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 541.2 Q F0 -1.208(The current command line.)144 553.2 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 +.2 H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 637.2 Q F0 +1.207(The current command line.)144 649.2 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.848(mands in)144 565.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F +2.849(mands in)144 661.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 577.2 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 594 Q F0 .667 -(The inde)144 606 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167(ft)-3.167 G .666 -(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(belo)144 673.2 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 690 Q F0 .666 +(The inde)144 702 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 +(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 (ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 -F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 +F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -618 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 630 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 -F(in)144 642 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G -(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -658.8 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 670.8 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue \ -corresponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a complet\ -ion)-.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 682.8 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B) -.5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 -2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .637 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 694.8 Q F0 4.091(,f)C 1.591 -(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) --4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 -E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 -F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 706.8 R F2(%)4.053 E -F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F -1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 718.8 S 2.928 -(ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 -(yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -730.8 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) -140.96 E(10)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +714 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 726 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 +F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(10)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)108 84 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 1.336 -(The set of characters that the)144 96 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G(adline).18 E -F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) -144 108 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G -(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 120 Q F1(COMP_W)108 136.8 Q(ORDS)-.1 -E F0 .654(An array v)144 148.8 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) -3.154 E F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653 -(vidual w)-.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.537(line. The) -144 160.8 R 1.037(line is split into w)3.537 F 1.037(ords as)-.1 F F1 --.18(re)3.537 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)3.537 G 1.037 -(uld split it, using).1 F F1(COMP_W)3.538 E(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0(as)3.538 -E .832(described abo)144 172.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832 -(his v)-5.832 F .832(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 -(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) -144 184.8 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 -E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(DIRST)108 201.6 Q -.55(AC)-.9 G(K).55 E -F0 2.26(An array v)144 213.6 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)4.76 +-.35 E(in)144 84 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 100.8 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 112.8 R +.042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corresponding to the type of completion att\ +empted that caused a completion)-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 +124.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337 +(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337 +(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 136.8 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592(or listing alternati) +-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np)-4.092 G 1.592(artial w) +-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092 +(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 F 1.591(ord is not) +-.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 148.8 R F2(%)4.052 E F0 4.052(,f)C +1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F 1.552 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 160.8 S 2.929 +(ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 +(yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +172.8 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 189.6 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E +F0 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 201.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) +144 213.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G +(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 225.6 Q F1(COMP_W)108 242.4 Q(ORDS) +-.1 E F0 .653(An array v)144 254.4 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)3.153 E F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F +.654(vidual w)-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333 +(line. The)144 266.4 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as) +-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832 +(uld split it, using).1 F F3(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 +E .831(described abo)144 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831 +(his v)-5.831 F .831(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 +(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) +144 290.4 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 +E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(DIRST)108 307.2 Q -.55(AC)-.9 G(K).55 E +F0 2.26(An array v)144 319.2 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 225.6 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 -(members of this array v)144 237.6 R 1.432 +1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 331.2 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 +(members of this array v)144 343.2 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 249.6 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 355.2 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 261.6 R -5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F2(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 273.6 Q F1(EUID)108 -290.4 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u) --.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 -(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 302.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 319.2 Q -(AME)-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 331.2 R .479 +F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 367.2 R +5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 379.2 Q F1(EUID)108 +396 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 +H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 +(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 408 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 424.8 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 436.8 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 -(The element with inde)144 343.2 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G -.276(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe) --.15 G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F -.25(element is)144 355.2 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.75 E F0 5.25(.T)C +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 +(The element with inde)144 448.8 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G +.276(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F +.25(element is)144 460.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.75 E F0 5.25(.T)C .25(his v)-5.25 F .25(ariable e)-.25 F .25 (xists only when a shell function is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.75 -(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.75 E F2(FUNCN)144 367.2 Q(AME)-.18 E F0 -(ha)2.635 E .685 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.885(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.885 G .385 -(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.385 E F2(FUNCN)2.885 E(AME) --.18 E F0 .384(is unset, it loses its special)2.634 F(properties, e)144 -379.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss) --2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(GR)108 396 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 -(An array v)144 408 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ -ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E -.597(ments to)144 420 R F2(GR)3.097 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 +(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.75 E F3(FUNCN)144 472.8 Q(AME)-.18 E F0 +(ha)2.634 E .684 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.884(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.884 G .384 +(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.385 E F3(FUNCN)2.885 E(AME) +-.18 E F0 .385(is unset, it loses its special)2.635 F(properties, e)144 +484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss) +-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(GR)108 501.6 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 +(An array v)144 513.6 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of \ +which the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 +E .596(ments to)144 525.6 R F3(GR)3.096 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.097 G .597 -(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.597 E F2(GR)3.097 E(OUPS) +(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.597 E F3(GR)3.097 E(OUPS) -.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F(cial properties, e) -144 432 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5 -(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCMD)108 448.8 Q F0 .355 -(The history number)144 460.8 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde) --2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 -(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F2 -(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +144 537.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5 +(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCMD)108 554.4 Q F0 .356 +(The history number)144 566.4 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) +-2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 +(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 578.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 489.6 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 501.6 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 518.4 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that unique\ -ly describes the type of machine on which)144 530.4 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 -.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 542.4 R -(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 559.2 Q F0 -1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a d\ -ecimal number representing the)144 571.2 R .078(current sequential line\ - number \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 583.2 R -.078(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 595.2 R -.306(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If) -5.307 E F2(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F -(special properties, e)144 607.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi) --2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 -624 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully de\ -scribes the system type on which)144 636 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e) -3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 648 Q -/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 -F(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(OLDPWD)108 664.8 Q F0 -(The pre)144 676.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E -F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1(OPT)108 693.6 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626 -(The v)144 705.6 R 1.627(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627 -(gument processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G -1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 717.6 S(IL) -.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(11)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(HOSTN)108 595.2 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 607.2 Q F1 +(HOSTTYPE)108 624 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 636 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 +.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 648 R(def) +2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 664.8 Q F0 1.408(Ea\ +ch time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal n\ +umber representing the)144 676.8 R .078(current sequential line number \ +\(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 688.8 R .079 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 700.8 R .307 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E +F3(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F +(special properties, e)144 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi) +-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(11)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)108 84 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 96 R -4.152(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 -F 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2 -(bu)4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL) -4.151 E -.09(BU)144 108 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 124.8 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a strin\ -g that describes the operating system on which)144 136.8 R F1(bash)2.83 -E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 148.8 -Q(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 165.6 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G -(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 177.6 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 -(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F -(the most-recently-e)144 189.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(MA)108 84 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automati\ +cally set to a string that fully describes the system type on which)144 +96 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899 +(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(OLDPWD)108 124.8 Q F0(The pre)144 +136.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E +F0(command.)2.5 E F1(OPT)108 153.6 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 165.6 +R 1.627(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the) +-.18 F F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 +F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 177.6 S(IL).09 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 194.4 Q +F0 1.651(The inde)144 206.4 R 4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651 +(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652(gument to be processed by the) +-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu)4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 +F F3(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 218.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0 +(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 235.2 Q F0 .329(Automatically se\ +t to a string that describes the operating system on which)144 247.2 R +F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e)2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The) +.15 F(def)144 259.2 Q(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 276 +Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 288 R .61(ariable \(see) +-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e) +-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F +(the most-recently-e)144 300 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 -(PPID)108 206.4 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(PPID)108 316.8 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 223.2 Q F0(The current w)12.67 E +F1(PWD)108 333.6 Q F0(The current w)12.67 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 240 Q F0 .565 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 252 R .566 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 -(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 264 -R .01(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.51 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) -4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(REPL)108 292.8 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 304.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad) +(RANDOM)108 350.4 Q F0 .566 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 362.4 R .565 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 +(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 +374.4 R .01(alue to)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(If)4.51 E F3(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(REPL)108 403.2 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 +(Set to the line of input read by the)144 415.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad) .18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E -(guments are supplied.)-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 321.6 Q F0 .795(Each time \ -this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 -333.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 345.6 -R .712(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F3(,)A F0 .712 -(the v)2.962 F .712 -(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .407 -(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 357.6 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 369.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 386.4 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 -398.4 S .763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763 +(guments are supplied.)-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 432 Q F0 .795(Each time th\ +is parameter is referenced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 444 +R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 456 R .712 +(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F3(SECONDS)3.212 E F4(,)A F0 .712(the v) +2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 +F .408(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 468 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F3(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 480 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 496.8 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 +508.8 S .763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763 (Each w)5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F -.763(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 410.4 Q F0 1.173(option to the) -3.673 F F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F -F2 1.174(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.424 E 3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 422.4 -R F2(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 -5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 434.4 Q F1(bash) -3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 -F(This v)144 446.4 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 -463.2 Q(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 -475.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 492 Q F0 +.763(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 520.8 Q F0 1.174(option to the) +3.674 F F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F +F3 1.173(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) +3.423 E 3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 +532.8 R F3(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F F2 +(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 5.019(.I)C 2.519 +(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02(ariable is in the en)-.25 F +(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 544.8 Q F1(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ +ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F +3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 556.8 Q +(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 573.6 Q(VL)-.92 E F0 +(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 585.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E +F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 602.4 Q F0 (Expands to the user ID of the current user)17.67 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 508.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 619.2 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 520.8 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 537.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 -(If this parameter is set when)144 549.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) -3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 561.6 R F4 -(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354 -(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected) -2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 573.6 R .525 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 631.2 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 648 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506 +(If this parameter is set when)144 660 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e) +3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 672 R F2 +(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355(he v)-5.355 F .355 +(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.27(BA)2.855 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected) +2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 684 R .525 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214le name.)144 585.6 Q -F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -(is not used to search for the resultant \214le name.)2.25 E F1(CDP)108 -597.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144 -609.6 R F1(cd)3.748 E F0 3.748(command. 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A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 -(alue is)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(".:~:/usr")144 633.6 Q F0(.)A F1 -(COLUMNS)108 645.6 Q F0 .425(Used by the)144 657.6 R F1(select)2.925 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.925 G .425(iltin command to determine the terminal width wh\ -en printing selection lists.).2 F -(Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.)144 669.6 Q F1(COMPREPL) -108 681.6 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847(An array v)144 693.6 R .848 -(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 -(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F -(in)144 705.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G -(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acility \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(12)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214le name.)144 696 Q F3 +-.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +(is not used to search for the resultant \214le name.)2.25 E +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(12)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EMA)108 84 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 96 Q F1 -(bash)2.536 E F0 .036(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 -F .036(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Courier@0 SF(t)2.535 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035 -(ssumes that the)-2.535 F(shell is running in an emacs shell b)144 108 Q -(uf)-.2 E(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(FCEDIT)108 120 Q F0 -(The def)144 132 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 144 Q F0 2.598(Ac)144 156 S .098 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)108 84 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +1.247(The search path for the)144 96 R F1(cd)3.747 E F0 3.747 +(command. 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Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E +F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the empty string causes the trace\ + output to be sent to the standard error)144 180 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53 +(ote that setting)-7.53 F F3 -.27(BA)144 192 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 +E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le descriptor\) and then unsetti\ +ng it will result in the)2.99 F(standard error being closed.)144 204 Q +F1(COLUMNS)108 216 Q F0 .425(Used by the)144 228 R F1(select)2.925 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.925 G .425(iltin command to determine the terminal width when \ +printing selection lists.).2 F +(Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.)144 240 Q F1(COMPREPL)108 +252 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847(An array v)144 264 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 +F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 +(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F +(in)144 276 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acility \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(EMA)108 288 Q +(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 300 Q F1(bash)2.536 E F0 .036(\214nds this v)2.536 +F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F2(t)2.535 E +F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F +(shell is running in an emacs shell b)144 312 Q(uf)-.2 E +(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(FCEDIT)108 324 Q F0(The def) +144 336 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 348 Q F0 2.598(Ac)144 360 S .098 (olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 -(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 168 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F -.205(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205 -(\214x matches one of the entries in)-.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205 -(is e)2.455 F .204(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.) -144 180 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F2(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.) -A F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 192 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 204 S .618(olon-separated lis\ -t of patterns de\214ning the set of \214lenames to be ignored by pathna\ -me e)-3.118 F(xpan-)-.15 E 3.132(sion. If)144 216 R 3.132<618c>3.132 G -.632(lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 +(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 +(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 372 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F .205 +(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 +(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 384 Q 2.5(As)5 +G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F2(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 +396 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 408 S .618(olon-separated list of patterns de\214\ +ning the set of \214lenames to be ignored by pathname e)-3.118 F(xpan-) +-.15 E 3.132(sion. If)144 420 R 3.132<618c>3.132 G .632 +(lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 (xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F3 -(GLOBIGNORE)144 228 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E +(GLOBIGNORE)144 432 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1 -(HISTCONTR)108 240 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 252 S .153 +(HISTCONTR)108 444 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 456 S .153 (olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .154(If the list) -5.153 F .491(of v)144 264 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 +5.153 F .491(of v)144 468 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491 (ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .49 (character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 -G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 276 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 +G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 480 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 (alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 (causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 (vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.959 -(Av)144 288 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F5(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +(Av)144 492 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F5(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 .459(is shorthand for)3.239 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) 2.959 E F5(ignor)2.958 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.458(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .458 (lue of).25 F F5(er)2.958 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.958 E .698 -(all pre)144 300 R .698 +(all pre)144 504 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 4.297(d. An).15 F 4.297(yv)-.15 G 1.797 -(alue not in the abo)-4.547 F 2.097 -.15(ve l)-.15 H 1.797 -(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)6.797 E F1(HISTCONTR)4.297 E(OL)-.3 E F0 1.797 -(is unset, or does not)4.297 F .612(include a v)144 324 R .612(alid v) --.25 F .612(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 3.112(do).15 G 3.112(nt)-3.112 G .612 -(he history list, subject to the)-3.112 F -.25(va)144 336 S .986(lue of) -.25 F F1(HISTIGNORE)3.486 E F0 5.986(.T)C .986 -(he second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command)-5.986 -F(are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 348 Q -.05(ga)-.15 -G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.3 E F0(.) -A F1(HISTFILE)108 360 Q F0 .181 -(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 372 R -.15 +(sa)144 516 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 +(alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 +(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 +(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 528 S .441(alid v) +-3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 +(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F3 +(HISTIGNORE)144 540 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ +f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F +(tested, and are added to the history re)144 552 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) +A F1(HISTFILE)108 564 Q F0 .181 +(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 576 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F3(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) -.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) --.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 384 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 +-.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 588 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 (dw).15 G(hen an interacti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell e).15 E -(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 396 Q F0 1.623 -(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 408 R +(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 600 Q F0 1.623 +(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 612 R 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25(va)144 -420 S .305(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F +624 S .305(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F 2.805(,b)-.65 G 2.805(yr)-2.805 G(emo)-2.805 E .305 (ving the oldest entries, to contain no more)-.15 F .602 -(than that number of lines.)144 432 R .602(The def)5.602 F .602(ault v) +(than that number of lines.)144 636 R .602(The def)5.602 F .602(ault v) -.1 F .602(alue is 500.)-.25 F .601 (The history \214le is also truncated to this size)5.602 F -(after writing it when an interacti)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -(hell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 456 Q F0 2.657(Ac)144 468 S +(after writing it when an interacti)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 660 Q F0 2.657(Ac)144 672 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines\ should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G 2.658(nt)-2.658 G -.158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 480 R .708 +.158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 684 R .708 (Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 (ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 -(\(no implicit `)144 492 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 +(\(no implicit `)144 696 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 (ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 -(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F1(HISTCONTR)144 -504 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 1.155(are applied.)3.655 F 1.154 -(In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.154 F -F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 516 R 2.514(vious history line.) +(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F3(HISTCONTR)144 +708 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 +(In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F +F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 720 R 2.514(vious history line.) -.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 -(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 528 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F -.852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F -(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 540 Q -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(HISTSIZE)108 552 Q F0 1.942 -(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 564 -R F3(HIST)4.443 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)4.193 E 4.443(w\). The) --.25 F(def)144 576 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 500.)-.25 E F1(HISTTIMEFORMA) -108 588 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 600 R .952 +(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(13)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 14 14 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(remo)144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853 +(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F .852 +(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F +(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 96 Q -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTIGNORE)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTSIZE)108 108 Q F0 1.942 +(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 120 +R F1(HIST)4.443 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)4.193 E 4.443(w\). The) +-.25 F(def)144 132 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 500.)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFORMA) +108 144 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 156 R .952 (ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 -(\(3\) to print the)B .672 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 612 -R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951(\(3\) to print the)B .672 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 168 +R F3(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) 3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 624 R +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 180 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 (ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 636 Q -F1(HOME)108 648 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 660 R 1.27(ault ar) --.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 672 S(lue of this v).25 E -(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(HOSTFILE)108 684 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 696 R F5 + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 192 Q +F3(HOME)108 204 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 216 R 1.27(ault ar) +-.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F3(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 228 S(lue of this v).25 E +(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F3 +(HOSTFILE)108 240 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 252 R F4 (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 708 R .551 +.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 264 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 720 R 1.059 +1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 276 R 1.059 (xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E -(13)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 14 14 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)144 84 Q F0 .715 -(adds the contents of the ne)3.215 F 3.215<778c>-.25 G .715(le to the e) --3.215 F .715(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.716 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)3.216 E F0 .716(is set, b)2.966 F .716(ut has no v)-.2 F -(alue,)-.25 E F1(bash)144 96 Q F0 2.236(attempts to read)4.736 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)6.401 E F0 2.235 -(to obtain the list of possible hostname completions.)6.401 F(When)7.235 -E F2(HOSTFILE)144 108 Q F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 -E F1(IFS)108 120 Q F0(The)20.44 E F3 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F3(bash)144 288 Q F0 .138 +(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +-2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 +.138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F .518 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 300 R F3(bash)3.018 E F0 .518 +(attempts to read)3.018 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517 +(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 312 +Q(When)5 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) +2.25 E F3(IFS)108 324 Q F0(The)20.44 E F4 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 (ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556 (ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 -F -.1(wo)144 132 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 +F -.1(wo)144 336 S(rds with the).1 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E -(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 144 Q -F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 156 R .803 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 +(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F3(IGNOREEOF)108 348 Q +F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 360 R .803 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F1(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 (character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) -144 168 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 +144 372 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 (characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 -(on an input line before)144 180 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G +(on an input line before)144 384 R F3(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 192 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 396 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E -F2(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 204 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 216 R F1 -.18(re) +F1(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F3 +(INPUTRC)108 408 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 420 R F3 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F2(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 228 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F1(LANG)108 240 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)7.11 F +1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F1(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 432 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F3(LANG)108 444 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)7.11 F 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 252 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 264 Q F0 .764 -(This v)144 276 R .764(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .764 -(rrides the v).15 F .764(alue of)-.25 F F1(LANG)3.264 E F0 .764(and an) -3.264 F 3.264(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.264 E F1(LC_)3.264 E F0 -.25(va)3.264 G -.764(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 288 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -(LC_COLLA)108 300 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 312 R .412(ariable det\ +(starting with)144 456 Q F3(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(LC_ALL)108 468 Q F0 .973 +(This v)144 480 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 +(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F1(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) +3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F3(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G +.974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 492 Q(.)-.65 E F3 +(LC_COLLA)108 504 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 516 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 324 R 1.464 +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 528 R 1.464 (vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 -336 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 348 Q F0 -1.936(This v)144 360 R 1.936 +540 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F3(LC_CTYPE)108 552 Q F0 +1.936(This v)144 564 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 372 Q -(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 384 Q(GES)-.55 E -F0(This v)144 396 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ -ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) -108 408 Q F0(This v)144 420 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 432 Q F0 1.218 -(Used by the)5.99 F F1(select)3.718 E F0 -.2(bu)3.718 G 1.219(iltin com\ +1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 576 Q +(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F3(LC_MESSA)108 588 Q(GES)-.55 E +F0(This v)144 600 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ +ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F3($)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(LC_NUMERIC) +108 612 Q F0(This v)144 624 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F3(LINES)108 636 Q F0 1.218 +(Used by the)5.99 F F3(select)3.718 E F0 -.2(bu)3.718 G 1.219(iltin com\ mand to determine the column length for printing selection lists.).2 F -(Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.)144 444 Q F1(MAIL)108 456 -Q F0 .188(If this parameter is set to a \214le name and the)8.78 F F2 -(MAILP)2.687 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.437 G .187 -(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)2.687 E F0 .187(informs the user)2.687 -F(of the arri)144 468 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G -(ail in the speci\214ed \214le.)-2.5 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 480 Q F0 .098 -(Speci\214es ho)144 492 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) +(Automatically set upon receipt of a)144 648 Q F1(SIGWINCH)2.5 E F2(.)A +F3(MAIL)108 660 Q F0 .188 +(If this parameter is set to a \214le name and the)8.78 F F1(MAILP)2.687 +E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.437 G .187(riable is not set,) +.25 F F3(bash)2.687 E F0 .187(informs the user)2.687 F(of the arri)144 +672 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G +(ail in the speci\214ed \214le.)-2.5 E F3(MAILCHECK)108 684 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 696 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +-2.598 F F3(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) 5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 504 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066 -(or set to a v)144 516 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\ - equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 F F1(MAILP)108 -528 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.815(Ac)144 540 S .314 -(olon-separated list of \214le names to be check)-2.815 F .314 -(ed for mail.)-.1 F .314(The message to be printed when mail)5.314 F -(arri)144 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(artic\ -ular \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214le name from the m\ -essage with a)-3.42 F 2.808(`?'. When)144 564 R .308(used in the te) -2.808 F .308(xt of the message,)-.15 F F1($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G -.308(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.307 E -(ple:)144 576 Q F1(MAILP)144 588 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A +mpt.)144 708 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066 +(or set to a v)144 720 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\ + equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 +768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(14)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 15 15 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAILP)108 84 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +2.815(Ac)144 96 S .314(olon-separated list of \214le names to be check) +-2.815 F .314(ed for mail.)-.1 F .314 +(The message to be printed when mail)5.314 F(arri)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(articular \214le may be speci\214e\ +d by separating the \214le name from the message with a)-3.42 F 2.808 +(`?'. When)144 120 R .308(used in the te)2.808 F .308 +(xt of the message,)-.15 F F1($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G .308 +(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.307 E(ple:) +144 132 Q F1(MAILP)144 144 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A (ar/mail/bfox?"Y)-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 600 Q F0 .388 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 156 Q F0 .388 (supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F .388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389 (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F -(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 612 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 -(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 624 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 636 R .39(alue 1,) +(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 168 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 +(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 180 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 192 R .39(alue 1,) -.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the) 2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 -F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 648 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 660 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) -.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 672 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .359(SHELL B)144 204 R(UIL)-.09 E .359 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 +.36(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 216 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 228 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 (The search path for commands.)9.91 F .587 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 684 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 240 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) 2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 696 S -.345(lue of).25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.845 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .345 -(indicates the current directory)2.845 F 5.345(.A)-.65 G .344 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 2.844(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --2.844 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 708 R .868 +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 252 S +.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 264 R .868 (The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 720 R F1(bash)28.829 E F0 -31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0) -72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(14)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 15 15 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF -(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 84 Q F0(.)A/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIXL)108 96 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v) -144 108 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F2 -(bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 -F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 120 R F2(\255\255posix)2.511 E -F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F -.011(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 132 Q F2(bash) -2.5 E F0(enables)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5 -(ft)-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F1(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(PR)108 144 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 -(If set, the v)144 156 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F2(PR) -108 168 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 -(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 180 R .676 -(alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .34 -(nents to retain when e)144 192 R .34(xpanding the)-.15 F F2 .339 -(\\w and \\W pr)2.84 F .339(ompt string escapes \(see)-.18 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.839 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.589 E(w\).)-.25 E -(Characters remo)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F2(PS1)108 216 Q F0 .064(The v) +-.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 276 R F1(bash)28.829 E F0 +31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10 +/Courier@0 SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 288 +Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 300 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 312 +R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash) +2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 +(the startup \214les, as if the)144 324 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 +(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 336 Q F1(bash)2.5 +E F0(enables)2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) +-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F3(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 348 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 360 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR) +108 372 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 +(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 384 R .676 +(alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 +(nents to retain when e)144 396 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 +E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) +3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E +(Characters remo)144 408 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 420 Q F0 .064(The v) 19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 -F F4(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 228 R -(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F2(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F2(PS2)108 240 Q F0 .005(The v)19.33 F .005 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .005(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.505 E F0 .004(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.505 F(The) -5.004 E(def)144 252 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F2(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F2(PS3)108 264 Q F0 1.115(The v)19.33 F 1.115 -(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F2(select) -3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F4 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) -144 276 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2(PS4)108 288 Q F0 -1.099(The v)19.33 F 1.099(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.099 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)3.599 E F0 1.099(and the v)3.599 F 1.098 -(alue is printed before each com-)-.25 F(mand)144 300 Q F2(bash)3.725 E -F0 1.225(displays during an e)3.725 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.225 -(cution trace.).15 F 1.226(The \214rst character of)6.225 F F4(PS4)3.726 -E F0 1.226(is replicated multiple)3.476 F(times, as necessary)144 312 Q -2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F2(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F2(SHELL)108 324 Q F0 .664 -(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 336 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F +F F2(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 432 R +(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 444 Q F0 .118(The v)19.33 F .118 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) +5.117 E(def)144 456 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 468 Q F0 1.115(The v)19.33 F 1.115 +(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) +3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) +144 480 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 492 Q F0 +.101(The v)19.33 F .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 504 Q F0 .291 +(displays during an e)2.791 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F +.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .292 +(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 516 Q 2.5(,t) +-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 528 Q F0 .664 +(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 540 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663 -(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 348 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 +(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 552 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F2(TIMEFORMA)108 360 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 -372 R .826 +G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 564 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 +576 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F 3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 384 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F2(time)3.149 E F0 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 588 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 (reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.648 E F2(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 396 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +(an escape sequence that is e)144 600 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F .712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 408 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F2(%%)144 426 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F2(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(%[)144 438 Q F3(p)A F2 -(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 E F2(%[)144 450 Q F3(p)A -F2(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F2 -(%[)144 462 Q F3(p)A F2(][l]S)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)13.34 E F2(%P)144 474 Q +(and their meanings are as follo)144 612 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 630 Q F0 2.5 +(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 642 Q F4(p)A F1 +(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 654 Q F4(p)A +F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1 +(%[)144 666 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)13.34 E F1(%P)144 678 Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87 -(The optional)144 490.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) -3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 +(The optional)144 694.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 (he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) -144 502.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +144 706.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 (lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 (At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 514.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 718.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4 (p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 526.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 543.6 R F2(l)3.167 E F0 +F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 730.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E +(15)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 16 16 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .667(The optional)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(l)3.167 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 555.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 +3.168(s. The)B -.25(va)3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 96 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0 (determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E .001 -(If this v)144 572.4 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F2(bash)2.501 E -F0 .001(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr)2.5 E +(If this v)144 112.8 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.501 E +F0 .001(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.5 E (eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .494(If the v)144 -584.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F +124.8 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F 2.994(At)5.494 G .494(railing ne)-2.994 F .494 (wline is added when the for)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(mat string is displayed.)144 -596.4 Q F2(TMOUT)108 613.2 Q F0 .718(If set to a v)144 625.2 R .717 -(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.217 E F0 .717 -(is treated as the def)3.217 F .717(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F2 -.18 -(re)3.217 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.217 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 637.2 Q F2 -(select)2.542 E F0 .042(command terminates if input does not arri)2.542 -F .342 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.542 E F0 .042 -(seconds when input is com-)2.542 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 649.2 +136.8 Q F1(TMOUT)108 153.6 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 165.6 R .941 +(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 +.941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 +-.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 177.6 Q +F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F +.611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F3(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311 +(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 189.6 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v) .15 F .885(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1 -(wa)144 661.2 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F -F2(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546 +(wa)144 201.6 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F +F1(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546 (aiting for that number of)-.1 F(seconds if input does not arri)144 -673.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(TMPDIR)108 690 Q F0 .274(If set,)144 -702 R F2(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274(uses its v)2.774 F .274 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F2(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.773 F(shell')144 714 Q 2.5(su)-.55 -G(se.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(15)190.95 E -0 Cg EP -%%Page: 16 16 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(auto_r)108 84 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v) -144 96 R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 230.4 Q F0 .274(If set,)144 +242.4 R F1(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274(uses its v)2.774 F .274 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.773 F(shell')144 254.4 Q 2.5(su) +-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 271.2 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 +283.2 R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 (he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 108 R +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 295.2 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 120 S .366(isting stopped job) + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 307.2 S .366(isting stopped job) .15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 (wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F 1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -132 R(The)6.125 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 -(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 144 Q 1.132 +319.2 R(The)6.125 E F2(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 331.2 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) 6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 (he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 156 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 343.2 R .624(xactly; if set to) +-.15 F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 (he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 168 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 355.2 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) -5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 180 Q F1(%?)3.334 E F0 -.834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR) -3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an) -3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833 -(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 192 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 367.2 Q F1(%?)3.334 E +F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F3 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 379.2 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 (ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 204 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(histchars)108 220.8 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 232.8 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57 -(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 +F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 391.2 Q(.)-.55 +E F1(histchars)108 408 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 420 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) +-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 (xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 244.8 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 432 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 (w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216 (history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G 1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 256.8 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B -.798(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 268.8 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G +144 444 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 +(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 456 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G .239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 (vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 280.8 R .575(The def) -5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 468 R .575(The def)5.575 +F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 (optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 292.8 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 304.8 R 1.294 +char)144 480 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 492 R 1.294 (ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 (history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 316.8 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 -F .38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 328.8 Q F1(Arrays)87 345.6 Q -(Bash)108 357.6 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G -.89(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 369.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 504 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F +.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 516 Q F1(Arrays)87 532.8 Q(Bash) +108 544.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 +(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 556.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.329(an array)108 381.6 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +.329(an array)108 568.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) -.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F 5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 -(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.386(enced using inte)108 393.6 R +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.386(enced using inte)108 580.8 R 1.386(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.887(xpressions\) and)-.15 F 1.387(are zero-based; associati)3.887 F 1.687 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.387 -(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 405.6 -Q 2.463(An inde)108 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463 +(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 592.8 +Q 2.463(An inde)108 609.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463 (rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462 (ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A -F2(sub-)A(script)108 434.4 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 5.682(.T)C(he)-5.682 +F2(sub-)A(script)108 621.6 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 5.682(.T)C(he)-5.682 E F2(subscript)3.522 E F0 .682(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.862 F .682(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .682 -(luate to a number greater).25 F .75(than or equal to zero.)108 446.4 R +(luate to a number greater).25 F .75(than or equal to zero.)108 633.6 R 2.349 -.8(To e)5.749 H .749(xplicitly declare an inde).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.249(da).15 G(rray)-3.249 E 3.249(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.249 E F1(declar) 3.249 E 3.249<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.249 E F2(name)3.249 E F0(\(see)3.249 E F3 -.749(SHELL B)3.249 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E(COMMANDS)108 458.4 Q F0 +.749(SHELL B)3.249 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E(COMMANDS)108 645.6 Q F0 (belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name) 2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2 -(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 475.2 Q .3 -.15 +(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 662.4 Q .3 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 492 Q .94 +G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 679.2 Q .94 (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) -.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G (adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E -(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 504 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 520.8 -R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 +(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 691.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 708 R +F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 (... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F2(value)108 532.8 Q F0 .122(is of the form [)2.622 F F2 +-4.147 F F2(value)108 720 Q F0 .122(is of the form [)2.622 F F2 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 5.122(.I)C(nde)-5.122 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.622(da).15 G .122(rray assignments do not require the brack)-2.622 F -.122(et and subscript.)-.1 F .164(When assigning to inde)108 544.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163(rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F -.163(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G -2.663(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 556.8 -R 3.91(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.911 F(Inde)108 568.8 Q -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 585.6 Q -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) --2.5 E .24(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 602.4 R F1(declar) -2.74 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 -614.4 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 -(syntax introduced abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 631.2 Q 3.575 -(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F -F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 643.2 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 -(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E -F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 655.2 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +.122(et and subscript.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) +135.965 E(16)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 17 17 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .164(When assigning to inde)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 +G .163(rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 +(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 96 R 3.91 +(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) +-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) +-3.911 F(Inde)108 108 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E +(When assigning to an associati)108 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 141.6 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)108 153.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2 +(value)A F0(syntax introduced abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 +170.4 Q 3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075 +(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F F2(name)A F0([)A +F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076(braces are required to a)3.576 F +-.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542(con\215icts with pathname e)108 182.4 R 4.041 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0 +(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e) +-.1 F 1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 +(These subscripts dif)108 194.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 (ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 667.2 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 206.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B .521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 679.2 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 -(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 -691.2 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 -(within a w)108 703.2 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 +1.374(of the)108 218.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 +(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375 +([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 +(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 +(there are no array members, ${)108 230.4 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B +2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F +2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 242.4 R .759 +(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 (ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 -715.2 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ +254.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 727.2 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +F .227(to the e)108 266.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 (Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 -(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(16)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 17 17 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1 -(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)3.386 E F0(or) -3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .462(ments in the array)108 96 R -5.462(.R)-.65 G .462(eferencing an array v)-5.462 F .463 +(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 278.4 +S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A +F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) +3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .462(ments in the array)108 290.4 +R 5.462(.R)-.65 G .462(eferencing an array v)-5.462 F .463 (ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .463 -(lent to referencing the array).25 F(with a subscript of 0.)108 108 Q -(The)108 124.8 Q F2(unset)2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267 -(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset) -5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 -E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E -(script)108 136.8 Q F0 6.38(.C)C 1.38(are must be tak)-6.38 F 1.38 -(en to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.38(id unw).2 F 1.38(anted side ef)-.1 F -1.38(fects caused by \214lename generation.)-.25 F F2(unset)6.38 E F1 -(name)3.88 E F0(,)A(where)108 148.8 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E -2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F2(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1(subscript) -A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 165.6 Q F2(declar)3.574 E(e) --.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F2 -.18(re) -3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F -F2<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073(rray and a)-3.573 F F2<ad41>3.573 E F0 .751 -(option to specify an associati)108 177.6 R 1.051 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) -.15 E 5.751(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.751 E F2 -.18(re)3.251 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.251 G .752(iltin accepts a).2 F F2<ad61>3.252 E F0 .752 -(option to assign a list of w)3.252 F .752(ords read)-.1 F .502 -(from the standard input to an array)108 189.6 R 5.502(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.502 E F2(set)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F2(declar)3.002 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(lent to referencing the array).25 F(with a subscript of 0.)108 302.4 Q +.168(An array v)108 319.2 R .168 +(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 F +2.668(alue. The)-.25 F .168(null string is a v)2.668 F .168(alid v)-.25 +F(alue.)-.25 E(The)108 336 Q F1(unset)2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267 +(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset) +5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 +E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E +(script)108 348 Q F0 6.205(.C)C 1.205(are must be tak)-6.205 F 1.205 +(en to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.205(id unw).2 F 1.205(anted side ef)-.1 F +1.204(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(unset)6.204 +E F2(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(where)108 360 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array) +2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2 +(subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 +(or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 376.8 Q F1(declar)3.573 E(e) +-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F1 -.18(re) +3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F +F1<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074(rray and a)-3.574 F F1<ad41>3.574 E F0 .752 +(option to specify an associati)108 388.8 R 1.052 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) +.15 E 5.752(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.752 E F1 -.18(re)3.252 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.252 G .752(iltin accepts a).2 F F1<ad61>3.252 E F0 .751 +(option to assign a list of w)3.251 F .751(ords read)-.1 F .502 +(from the standard input to an array)108 400.8 R 5.502(.T)-.65 G(he) +-5.502 E F1(set)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F1(declar)3.002 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)3.002 G .502(iltins display array v).2 F .502(alues in a w)-.25 F -.502(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E(them to be reused as assignments.)108 -201.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 218.4 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Ex\ +.503(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E(them to be reused as assignments.)108 +412.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 429.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Ex\ pansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into w) -108 230.4 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26 -(nk).15 G .76(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 242.4 S .37 -(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E -F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par) -2.869 E .369(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 -.369(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 254.4 Q F0(,).24 E F1 -(arithmetic e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G -(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion) --.2 E F0(.).24 E .47(The order of e)108 271.2 R .471 +108 441.6 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26 +(nk).15 G .76(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 453.6 S .369 +(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E +F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par) +2.869 E .369(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 +.37(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 465.6 Q F0(,).24 E F2 +(arithmetic e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G +(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion) +-.2 E F0(.).24 E .471(The order of e)108 482.4 R .471 (xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471 -(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G .471 -(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E -(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 283.2 Q +(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G .47(ariable and arithmetic e) +-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E +(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 494.4 Q (ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 300 Q -(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.5 E -(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 316.8 R 1.487 -(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 -(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 328.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F -1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 340.8 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") --2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G -(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2 -(Brace Expansion)87 357.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 369.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F -(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 511.2 Q +(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.5 E +(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 528 R 1.486 +(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 +(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 +(ex)108 540 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F +1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 552 S(pansions of ").15 E F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") +-2.5 E F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G +(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G +(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 568.8 +Q F2(Br)108.58 580.8 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 381.6 Q F1 .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 592.8 Q F2 .415 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 393.6 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 604.8 R F2(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 405.6 R -.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 616.8 R +.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 417.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 429.6 Q .718(Brace e)108 446.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 +ch resulting string, e)108 628.8 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 640.8 Q .719(Brace e)108 657.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 458.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) -108 475.2 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 -(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.243 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A -F2(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F1(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F1(y) -3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 487.2 Q F1(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G +108 669.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) +108 686.4 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 +(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A +F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F2(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F2(y) +3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 698.4 Q F2(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 -499.2 R F1(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F1(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) --2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .077 -(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 -(same width.)108 511.2 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or) -2.514 E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ -empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 523.2 R -6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 535.2 S .541(pands to each character le) -.15 F .541(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.042 E F1 -(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G -.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E F0 -.542(must be of)3.042 F .183(the same type.)108 547.2 R .182 -(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.183 F .182 -(ference between each term.)-.25 F .182(The def)5.182 F(ault)-.1 E -(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 559.2 Q .581(Brace e)108 576 R -.581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e) --3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 588 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 600 Q(xt of the e) --.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.632(Ac) -108 616.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(xpansion must \ -contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F -3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 628.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F -5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 640.8 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 -.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 -(sion. T)108 652.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 -(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F2(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 664.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ -as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 681.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 693.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H -(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 710.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25 -G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(17)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 +710.4 R F2(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F2(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .078 +(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 +(same width.)108 722.4 R .015(When either)5.015 F F2(x)2.515 E F0(or) +2.515 E F2(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 +Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(17)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(cho)144 84 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E -(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 100.8 R .618 +-.35 E 1.143(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 +84 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 96 S .542(pands to each character le).15 F +.542(xicographically between)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)3.042 E F0 +(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +5.542(.N).15 G .542(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.041 E +F1(y)3.041 E F0 .541(must be of)3.041 F .182(the same type.)108 108 R +.182(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.182 F .183 +(ference between each term.)-.25 F .183(The def)5.183 F(ault)-.1 E +(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 120 Q .582(Brace e)108 136.8 R +.582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e) +-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 +(are preserv)108 148.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash) +5.016 E F0 .016(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 160.8 Q +(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 177.6 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 +(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ +t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 189.6 R 3.441 +(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(unchanged. A)108 201.6 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 +.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 +(sion. T)108 213.6 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 +(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F +F2(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 225.6 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ +as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) +108 242.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 254.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H +(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 271.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 +G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 283.2 Q(cho)144 295.2 Q +(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) +-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 312 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh) -5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 112.8 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 124.8 Q -.15 +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 324 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247 +(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 336 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 -(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 136.8 Q F0 -.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F -.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515 -(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 -(If strict compatibility with)108 148.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 -(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 160.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 177.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 189.6 R 1.086(ord be) --.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 -1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ -slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ -ed a)108 201.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 -(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ -\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 213.6 R -.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 225.6 Q -.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 348 Q F0 .515 +(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) +3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 +(If strict compatibility with)108 360 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 372 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) +2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 +E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 388.8 S +(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 400.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F +1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086 +('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ + \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) +108 412.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 424.8 R .725 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 436.8 Q .522 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 237.6 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 448.8 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 249.6 Q .093 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 266.4 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 460.8 Q .092 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 477.6 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 278.4 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 489.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 290.4 R F2(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 501.6 R F1(N)4.141 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -302.4 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 314.4 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 +513.6 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 525.6 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 326.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 343.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 537.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 554.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 360 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 571.2 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) --.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.282(these cases, tilde e)108 372 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) +-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.281(these cases, tilde e)108 583.2 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) -.15 F(Consequently)5.282 E 2.782(,o)-.65 G .282 (ne may use \214le names with tildes in assign-)-2.782 F(ments to)108 -384 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E -F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 -E F1 -.1(Pa)87 400.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)108 412.8 R -F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F -1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 424.8 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 436.8 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 -448.8 Q 1.19 +595.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E +(alue.)-.25 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 612 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `) +108 624 R F2($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e) +-4.106 F 1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F +4.105(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 636 +R .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F +.407(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 648 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 660 +Q 1.189 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -465.6 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 477.6 R 2.15 -(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S -(pansion.).15 E(${)108 506.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205 -(The v)144 518.4 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F -F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 530.4 R F2(par)4.014 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 542.4 Q 1.509 -(If the \214rst character of)108 559.2 R F2(par)4.009 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.509(is an e)4.009 F 1.509(xclamation point, a le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.009(lo).15 G 4.008(fv)-4.009 G 1.508 -(ariable indirection is introduced.)-4.258 F F1(Bash)108 571.2 Q F0 .106 -(uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.106(as the name of the v)2.606 F .106(ariable; this v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 -E .352(able is then e)108 583.2 R .352(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .351 -(alue is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the v)-.25 F -.351(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.851 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 595.2 Q F0 2.519 -(itself. This)2.519 F .019(is kno)2.519 F .019(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir) -2.519 E .019(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 -F .02(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .02(xpansions of ${!)-.15 F F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .02(*} and)B(${)108 607.2 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0 -([)A F2(@)A F0 .763(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .763 -(he e).65 F .763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263 -(wt)-.25 G .763(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F -(introduce indirection.)108 619.2 Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 -636 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334 -(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334 -(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 648 Q -(xpansion.)-.15 E .698(When not performing substring e)108 664.8 R .698 -(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F -.65(w,)-.25 G F1 -(bash)3.848 E F0 .697(tests for a parameter)3.198 F -(that is unset or null.)108 676.8 Q(Omitting the colon results in a tes\ -t only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${)108 693.6 Q F2(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .722(Use Default V) -144 705.6 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723(xpansion of)-.15 F -F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.)3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-) --.2 E(wise, the v)144 717.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E -(18)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +676.8 R F2(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 +688.8 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 700.8 S(pansion.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) +135.965 E(18)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005 -(Assign Default V)144 96 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1(par) -5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F 2.004 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004(is assigned to) -5.274 F F1(par)144 108 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 G .278(he v) --5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278 -(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 +-.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A +1.204(The v)144 96 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.704 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204(The braces are required when) +6.204 F F1(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.205(is a positional)4.435 F +.264(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 108 R F1(par)4.014 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 120 Q .685 +(If the \214rst character of)108 136.8 R F1(par)3.185 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.685(is an e)3.185 F .685(xclamation point \()-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(!)A F0 .685(\), a le)B -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.186(lo).15 G 3.186(fv)-3.186 +G .686(ariable indirection is introduced.)-3.436 F F2(Bash)108 148.8 Q +F0 .106(uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F1(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.106(as the name of the v)2.606 F .106(ariable; this v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 +E .351(able is then e)108 160.8 R .351(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .352 +(alue is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the v)-.25 F +.352(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.852 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 172.8 Q F0 2.52 +(itself. This)2.52 F .02(is kno)2.52 F .02(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)2.52 E +.02(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 F .019 +(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .019(xpansions of ${!)-.15 F F1(pr)A +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .019(*} and)B(${)108 184.8 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A +F1(@)A F0 .762(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .763(he e).65 +F .763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G +.763(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 196.8 +Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 213.6 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 +E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 +F(and arithmetic e)108 225.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .697 +(When not performing substring e)108 242.4 R .698 +(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F -.65(w,)-.25 G F2 +(bash)3.848 E F0 .698(tests for a parameter)3.198 F +(that is unset or null.)108 254.4 Q(Omitting the colon results in a tes\ +t only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${)108 271.2 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .723(Use Default V) +144 283.2 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F1(par)4.473 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F +F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-) +-.2 E(wise, the v)144 295.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 307.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A +F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004(Assign Default V)144 319.2 R(alues) +-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 +(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E +(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 331.2 Q(ameter)-.15 +E F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 120 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) -108 132 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 -.535(Display Err)144 144 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C -(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 343.2 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(${)108 355.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F2 .535(Display Err)144 367.2 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 156 R -.661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F -(interacti)144 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 379.2 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F +(interacti)144 391.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 180 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 192 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 403.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 415.2 R .745(nate V)-.15 F (alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 204 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 216 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 228 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .796 -(Substring Expansion.)144 240 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.796 F F1 +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 427.2 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 439.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 451.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .797 +(Substring Expansion.)144 463.2 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.797 F F1 (length)3.296 E F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F1(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 .797(starting at the character)3.296 F .229(speci\214ed by)144 252 -R F1(of)2.729 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.229(.I)C(f)-5.229 E F1(length)2.729 E -F0 .229(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of)-.15 F F1 -(par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .228(starting at the char)2.728 F(-)-.2 E -.432(acter speci\214ed by)144 264 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1 -(length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .433 -(are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF .433(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 276 S(ION).855 -E F0(belo)2.577 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(length)5.327 E F0 .327(must e)2.827 F --.25(va)-.25 G .326(luate to a number greater than or equal to zero.).25 -F(If)5.326 E F1(of)2.826 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)2.826 G(luates).25 E -.015(to a number less than zero, the v)144 288 R .015 +E F0 .796(starting at the character)3.296 F .228(speci\214ed by)144 +475.2 R F1(of)2.728 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.228(.I)C(f)-5.228 E F1(length) +2.728 E F0 .229(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of) +-.15 F F1(par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .229(starting at the char)2.729 F +(-)-.2 E .433(acter speci\214ed by)144 487.2 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E +F0(.)A F1(length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +.433(are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .432(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 +499.2 S(ION).855 E F0(belo)2.576 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(length)5.326 E F0 .326 +(must e)2.826 F -.25(va)-.25 G .326 +(luate to a number greater than or equal to zero.).25 F(If)5.327 E F1 +(of)2.827 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)2.827 G(luates).25 E .016 +(to a number less than zero, the v)144 511.2 R .015 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .015(fset from the end of the v)-.25 F -.016(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.516 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.016(.I)C(f)-5.016 -E F1(par)144 300 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.25 E F2(@)3.25 E F0 3.25(,t)C +.015(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.515 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.015(.I)C(f)-5.015 +E F1(par)144 523.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.25 E F2(@)3.25 E F0 3.25(,t)C .75(he result is)-3.25 F F1(length)3.25 E F0 .75 (positional parameters be)3.25 F .75(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)3.25 E (fset)-.18 E F0 5.75(.I)C(f)-5.75 E F1(par)3.25 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .75 -(is an)3.25 F(inde)144 312 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.701(da).15 G .201 -(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-2.701 F F1(length) -2.701 E F0 .202(members of the array be)2.701 F(ginning)-.15 E 1.283 -(with ${)144 324 R F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 -3.783(]}. A)B(ne)3.783 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of) -3.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.282(is tak)3.782 F 1.282(en relati)-.1 F 1.582 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.782(oo).15 G 1.282(ne greater than the maximum)-3.782 -F(inde)144 336 Q 3.434(xo)-.15 G 3.434(ft)-3.434 G .934 -(he speci\214ed array)-3.434 F 5.934(.S)-.65 G .935(ubstring e)-5.934 F -.935(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 F 1.235 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .935 -(rray produces unde-).15 F .262(\214ned results.)144 348 R .261 -(Note that a ne)5.262 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .561 -.15(ve o)-.25 H +(is an)3.25 F(inde)144 535.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.702(da).15 G .201 +(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-2.702 F F1(length) +2.701 E F0 .201(members of the array be)2.701 F(ginning)-.15 E 1.282 +(with ${)144 547.2 R F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E +F0 3.782(]}. A)B(ne)3.782 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 +(of)3.932 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.282(is tak)3.782 F 1.282(en relati)-.1 F +1.582 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.782(oo).15 G 1.283(ne greater than the maximum) +-3.782 F(inde)144 559.2 Q 3.435(xo)-.15 G 3.435(ft)-3.435 G .935 +(he speci\214ed array)-3.435 F 5.935(.S)-.65 G .935(ubstring e)-5.935 F +.935(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 F 1.234 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .934 +(rray produces unde-).15 F .261(\214ned results.)144 571.2 R .261 +(Note that a ne)5.261 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .561 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .261 (set must be separated from the colon by at least one space to).25 F -.2 -(avo)144 360 S .154(id being confused with the :- e).2 F 2.655 -(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F(inde)2.655 E .155 +(avo)144 583.2 S .155(id being confused with the :- e).2 F 2.655 +(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F(inde)2.655 E .154 (xing is zero-based unless the positional)-.15 F .532 -(parameters are used, in which case the inde)144 372 R .532 +(parameters are used, in which case the inde)144 595.2 R .532 (xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 3.032(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)3.032 E(fset) -.18 E F0 .532(is 0, and the posi-)3.032 F(tional parameters are used,) -144 384 Q F2($0)2.5 E F0(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${)108 -400.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 412.8 Q F2(!)A -F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084(Names matching pr)144 424.8 -R(e\214x.)-.18 E F0 .084(Expands to the names of v)5.084 F .084 -(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 436.8 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0 -.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257 -(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F -(within double quotes, each v)144 448.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 465.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) -A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 477.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 -(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 489.6 R(eys.)-.1 E F0(If)7.036 E F1 +144 607.2 Q F2($0)2.5 E F0(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${) +108 624 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 636 Q F2(!)A +F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 648 R +(e\214x.)-.18 E F0 .084(Expands to the names of v)5.085 F .084 +(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 660 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257 +(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258 +(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F +(within double quotes, each v)144 672 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 688.8 Q F2(!)A F1(name) +A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 700.8 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 +(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 712.8 R(eys.)-.1 E F0(If)7.036 E F1 (name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)) -.15 E .596(assigned in)144 501.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f) --5.596 E F1(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G -.595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 513.6 Q F0 -(is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) --.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -530.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 542.4 S .47 -(rameter length.).1 F F0 .471(The length in characters of the v)5.47 F -.471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 -(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -554.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 +.15 E .595(assigned in)144 724.8 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f) +-5.595 E F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G +.595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(19)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 20 20 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(@)144 84 Q F0(is used and the e)2.5 E +(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 +H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 100.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 112.8 S +.471(rameter length.).1 F F0 .471(The length in characters of the v) +5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47 +(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par)4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 +124.8 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or)3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708 (,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F -(array name subscripted by)144 566.4 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E +6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F +(array name subscripted by)144 136.8 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he v)-2.5 E (alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 583.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -(${)108 595.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2(Remo)144 607.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196 +(${)108 153.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +(${)108 165.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F2(Remo)144 177.6 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196 (e\214x patter)-.18 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .152(name e)144 -619.2 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .151(name e)144 +189.6 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4 -(the e)144 631.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4 +(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4 +(the e)144 201.6 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4 (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4 (with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 --.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 643.2 +-.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 213.6 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If) 5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E F0(or) -2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo)144 -655.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 +2.781 E F2(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo)144 +225.6 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 667.2 R -(If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 237.6 R +(If)5.401 E F1(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.631 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) -2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E -(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 679.2 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 696 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(19)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 20 20 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 96 Q .346 -.1 -(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)5.146 E -F1(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 108 -S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 +2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902 +(lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 E +(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 249.6 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 266.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 278.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 290.4 Q .347 -.1 +(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)5.147 E +F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 +302.4 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) -.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 -G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 120 R .226 +G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 314.4 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 132 S F2 -(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 +(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 326.4 S F2 +(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74('' c)D .042 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 -2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 144 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 -(lo).25 G .441 +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.542 E F0(or)2.542 E F2(*)2.542 E F0 +2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441(pattern remo)144 338.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G +2.941(lo).25 G .441 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 156 R(If) -5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E -F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G -(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E -(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 168 -Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 184.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 196.8 -S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution.)-3.606 E F0(The)6.106 E F1 -(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 +-2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 350.4 R(If) +5.24 E F1(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F2(*)2.741 E +F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 +G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E +(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 +362.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 379.2 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa) +144 391.2 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution.)-3.607 E F0(The)6.107 +E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 208.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 -(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 220.8 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 -E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 -2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 -(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 -(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 232.8 R -(If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) -3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 -F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .62 -(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1 -(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.12 E F0 3.12 -(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 256.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) +(sion.)144 403.2 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 +(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 415.2 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f) +-5.161 E F1(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F2(/) +2.661 E F0 2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 +.16(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 +(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 427.2 R +(If)5.806 E F1(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) +3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 +F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 439.2 S .621 +(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F1 +(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.121 E F0 +3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F +.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 451.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F1(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) 3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) -3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be) -3.753 F 2.678(omitted. If)144 268.8 R F1(par)3.928 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)3.408 E F2(@)2.678 E F0(or)2.678 E F2(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .179 +3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) +3.754 F 2.679(omitted. If)144 463.2 R F1(par)3.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)3.409 E F2(@)2.679 E F0(or)2.679 E F2(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .178 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter) --2.679 F .619(in turn, and the e)144 280.8 R .619 +-2.679 F .618(in turn, and the e)144 475.2 R .619 (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.619 E F1(par)4.369 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .618(is an array v)3.849 F .618 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)144 292.8 Q F0(or)3.223 E F2(*) -3.223 E F0 3.223(,t)C .723(he substitution operation is applied to each\ - member of the array in turn, and the e)-3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion is the resultant list.)144 304.8 Q(${)108 321.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 333.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E -F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 345.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A -F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 357.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation.)144 369.6 R F0 .438 -(This e)5.438 F .437 -(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 381.6 Q -F0 .813(is e)3.313 F .813 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.314 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F F2(^)3.314 E F0 .814(operator con)3.314 F -.15(ve) --.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 393.6 Q .181(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1 +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .619(is an array v)3.849 F .619 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)144 487.2 Q F0(or)3.224 E F2(*) +3.224 E F0 3.224(,t)C .723(he substitution operation is applied to each\ + member of the array in turn, and the e)-3.224 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion is the resultant list.)144 499.2 Q(${)108 516 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 528 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2 +(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 540 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 552 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation.)144 564 R F0 .437(This e) +5.437 F .438(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in) +-.15 F F1(par)2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1 +(pattern)144 576 Q F0 .814(is e)3.314 F .813 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.313 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F F2(^)3.313 E F0 .813(operator con)3.313 F -.15(ve) +-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 588 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1 (pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F0 .181 -(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .18(rts matching uppercase letters) -.15 F .085(to lo)144 405.6 R 2.585(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0 +(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181(rts matching uppercase letters) +.15 F .085(to lo)144 600 R 2.585(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0 (and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15(ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .085(rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .085(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 417.6 Q -F2(,)3.435 E F0 -.15(ex)3.435 G .935(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .934(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .934 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.434(alue.. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.434 E F0(is)3.434 -E 1.12(omitted, it is treated lik)144 429.6 R 3.62(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 -3.62(,w)C 1.12(hich matches e)-3.62 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character) -.15 F 6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) -4.351 E F2(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*)3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121 -(he case)-3.621 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each pos\ -itional parameter in turn, and the e)144 441.6 R 1.335(xpansion is the) --.15 F 1.308(resultant list.)144 453.6 R(If)6.308 E F1(par)5.058 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F2(*)3.808 E -F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F +(xpanded v)-.15 F .085(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 612 Q F2 +(,)3.434 E F0 -.15(ex)3.434 G .934(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve) +-.4 G .934(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .935(xpanded v) +-.15 F 3.435(alue.. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.435 E F0(is)3.435 E 1.121 +(omitted, it is treated lik)144 624 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.621(,w) +C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character).15 F +6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F1(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.35 E F2(@) +3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12(he case)-3.62 F 1.335 +(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter in tu\ +rn, and the e)144 636 R 1.335(xpansion is the)-.15 F 1.308 +(resultant list.)144 648 R(If)6.308 E F1(par)5.058 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@) +3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F2(*)3.808 E F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308 +(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F (operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -465.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F2(Command Substitution) -87 482.4 Q F1 1.698(Command substitution)108 494.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E -1.697(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F -1.697(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 506.4 Q F2($\()144 528 Q -F1(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 540 Q F2<92>144 552 Q F1(command)A -F2<92>A(Bash)108 568.8 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 -.02(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 -(dard output of the command, with an)108 580.8 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 -(railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 -F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 592.8 Q 3.218 -(ym)-.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719 -(uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 -(The command substitution)5.719 F F2($\(cat)3.219 E F1(\214le)3.219 E F2 -(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 604.8 Q -.25(va) --.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E -F2(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution \ -is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 621.6 R(xcept)-.15 -E .314(when follo)108 633.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 -<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ -e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 645.6 R 1.387(using the $\() -3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 657.6 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 674.4 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H -.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 686.4 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 703.2 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) -140.96 E(20)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +660 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F2(Command Substitution)87 +676.8 Q F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 688.8 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 700.8 Q F2($\()144 722.4 Q F1 +(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) +135.965 E(20)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.034 -(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F --.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 +-.35 E(or)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<92>144 96 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)A F1<92>A(Bash)108 112.8 Q F0 .02 +(performs the e)2.52 F .02(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting) +.15 E F2(command)2.519 E F0 .019 +(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 +(dard output of the command, with an)108 124.8 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 +(railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 +F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 136.8 Q 3.219 +(ym)-.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719 +(uring w)-3.219 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 +(The command substitution)5.719 F F1($\(cat)3.219 E F2(\214le)3.219 E F1 +(\))A F0 .718(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 148.8 Q -.25(va) +-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F1(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution \ +is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 165.6 R(xcept)-.15 +E .315(when follo)108 177.6 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1 +<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ +e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ +sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 189.6 R 1.386(using the $\() +3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F +(mand; none are treated specially)108 201.6 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 218.4 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F +(quotes with backslashes.)108 230.4 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 247.2 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 259.2 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 276 Q F0 1.035 +(Arithmetic e)108 288 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035(ws the e)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034 (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 108 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 -124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A -F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.074 -(treated specially)108 153.6 R 6.074(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.074 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 300 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 +316.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 333.6 Q +F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.075 +(treated specially)108 345.6 R 6.075(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.075 F 1.074(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.075 -(xpansion, command)-.15 F(substitution, and quote remo)108 165.6 Q -.25 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.074 +(xpansion, command)-.15 F(substitution, and quote remo)108 357.6 Q -.25 (va)-.15 G 2.5(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 182.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G +(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 374.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) 3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 194.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) +A F0(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 386.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) 2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) --.1 E F1(Pr)87 211.2 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 223.2 Q .97 +-.1 E F1(Pr)87 403.2 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 415.2 Q .971 (ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971 -(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F2(FIFOs)A -F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F1(/de)3.471 E(v/fd)-.15 E -F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 235.2 R .021 -(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1 -(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.021 -(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 -(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 247.2 -R F2(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) +(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471 F F2(FIFOs)A +F0 3.47(\)o)C 3.47(rt)-3.47 G(he)-3.47 E F1(/de)3.47 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 +.97(method of)3.47 F .021(naming open \214les.)108 427.2 R .021(It tak) +5.021 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.021(.T)C .021 +(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 +(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .059(nected to a)108 439.2 +R F2(FIFO)2.559 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.559 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) -.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar) --5.058 F .059(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .131 -(mand as the result of the e)108 259.2 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) +-5.058 F .058(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .13 +(mand as the result of the e)108 451.2 R 2.63(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) 2.63 E F1(>\()2.63 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .13 -(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .13(vide input for) --.15 F F2(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 271.2 Q F1(<\()2.5 E F2(list)A -F1(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E +(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .131 +(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)2.631 E F0(.)A(If the)108 463.2 Q F1(<\() +2.5 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 -(.)A .896(When a)108 288 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitut\ -ion is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .897 +(.)A .897(When a)108 480 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitut\ +ion is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896 (ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 300 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 316.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 328.8 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 340.8 Q +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 492 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 508.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 520.8 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 532.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 357.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 549.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) --.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 369.6 R(If)6.789 E F3 -(IFS)4.289 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.039 F 1.788(alue is e)-.25 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)4.288 E F0 4.288(,t)C 1.788 -(he def)-4.288 F 1.788(ault, then)-.1 F .021(sequences of)108 381.6 R F1 -(<space>)2.521 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)2.521 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F1 +-.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.788(on these characters.)108 561.6 R(If)6.788 E F3 +(IFS)4.288 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.038 F 1.789(alue is e)-.25 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)4.289 E F0 4.289(,t)C 1.789 +(he def)-4.289 F 1.789(ault, then)-.1 F .022(sequences of)108 573.6 R F1 +(<space>)2.522 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)2.522 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F1 (<newline>)2.521 E F0 .021(at the be)2.521 F .021 -(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .022(vious e)-.25 F -(xpan-)-.15 E .586(sions are ignored, and an)108 393.6 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G +(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .021(vious e)-.25 F +(xpan-)-.15 E .585(sions are ignored, and an)108 585.6 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G .586(equence of)-3.086 F F3(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586 -(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .585 -(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 405.6 Q F3(IFS)3.617 E F0 +(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .586 +(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 597.6 Q F3(IFS)3.617 E F0 1.117(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)3.617 E F0(and)3.617 E F1(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be) -108 417.6 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 +108 609.6 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 (ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315 -(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F3(IFS)108 429.6 Q F0 -1.053(whitespace character\).)3.303 F(An)6.053 E 3.553(yc)-.15 G 1.053 -(haracter in)-3.553 F F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3 -(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.054(whitespace, along with an)3.304 F 3.554(ya)-.15 G -(djacent)-3.554 E F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 .332 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 441.6 R 2.832(As)5.332 G -.332(equence of)-2.832 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .331 +(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.566 E F3(IFS)108 621.6 Q F0 +1.054(whitespace character\).)3.304 F(An)6.054 E 3.554(yc)-.15 G 1.054 +(haracter in)-3.554 F F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3 +(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(whitespace, along with an)3.303 F 3.553(ya)-.15 G +(djacent)-3.553 E F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 .331 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 633.6 R 2.831(As)5.331 G +.332(equence of)-2.831 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .332 (whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 -453.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E -F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878 -(Explicit null ar)108 470.4 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G +645.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E +F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.879 +(Explicit null ar)108 662.4 R 1.879(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.545 E F1 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) --4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.879 -(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 482.4 S .177 -(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G -.177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap) -2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176 -(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 494.4 Q -(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 511.2 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 528 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 540 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 552 R .677 -(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.456 -(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 564 R 1.457 +-4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.878 +(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 674.4 S .176 +(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .476 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.676(ov).15 G +.176(alues, are remo)-2.926 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.677(ap) +2.677 G .177(arameter with no v)-2.677 F .177(alue is e)-.25 F .177 +(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 686.4 Q +(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 703.2 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 +Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(21)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 22 22 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(Pa)87 84 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 +.371(After w)108 96 R .371(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.871 +E F0 .371(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37 +(scans each w)2.87 F .37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A +F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 108 R .677 +(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678 +(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.457 +(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 120 R 1.456 (If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F(option)108 -576 Q F1(nullglob)2.538 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w)2.538 F .038 +132 Q F1(nullglob)2.537 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w)2.537 F .038 (ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .038(If the)5.038 F F1(nullglob)2.538 E F0 -.038(option is set, and no matches are)2.538 F .305(found, the w)108 588 -R .305(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.805(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F1 +.038(option is set, and no matches are)2.538 F .306(found, the w)108 144 +R .306(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.806(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F1 (failglob)2.805 E F0 .305 (shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message)2.805 F -.929(is printed and the command is not e)108 600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.428 +.928(is printed and the command is not e)108 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.428 (cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F1(nocaseglob)3.428 E F0 -.928(is enabled, the match is per)3.428 F(-)-.2 E .032 -(formed without re)108 612 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .032 -(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .033 -(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.033 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .105 -(the character)108 624 R F1 -.63(``)2.605 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -.105(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.105 F .104 -(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.604(,u)-.65 G -(nless)-2.604 E .887(the shell option)108 636 R F1(dotglob)3.387 E F0 -.887(is set.)3.387 F .888 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.887 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .888(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 648 S(plicitly).15 E 6.166(.I) --.65 G 3.666(no)-6.166 G 1.166(ther cases, the)-3.666 F F1 -.63(``)3.666 +.929(is enabled, the match is per)3.429 F(-)-.2 E .033 +(formed without re)108 168 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .033 +(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .032 +(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.032 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .104 +(the character)108 180 R F1 -.63(``)2.604 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +.104(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.104 F .105 +(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.605(,u)-.65 G +(nless)-2.605 E .888(the shell option)108 192 R F1(dotglob)3.388 E F0 +.888(is set.)3.388 F .887 +(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.888 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .887(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 204 S(plicitly).15 E 6.165(.I) +-.65 G 3.665(no)-6.165 G 1.165(ther cases, the)-3.665 F F1 -.63(``)3.665 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166(character is not treated specially) -6.166 F 6.165(.S)-.65 G 1.165(ee the description of)-6.165 F F1(shopt) -3.665 E F0(belo)3.665 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 660 Q F3 .477(SHELL B)2.977 F -(UIL)-.09 E .477(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the) -2.727 F F1(nocaseglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F1 -(failglob)2.978 E F0 2.978(,a)C(nd)-2.978 E F1(dotglob)2.978 E F0 -(shell options.)108 672 Q(The)108 688.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131 -(shell v)2.381 F .131 +6.165 F 6.166(.S)-.65 G 1.166(ee the description of)-6.166 F F1(shopt) +3.666 E F0(belo)3.666 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 216 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +.478(SHELL B)2.978 F(UIL)-.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477 +(for a description of the)2.728 F F1(nocaseglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F1 +(nullglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.977 E F0 2.977(,a)C(nd)-2.977 E +F1(dotglob)2.977 E F0(shell options.)108 228 Q(The)108 244.8 Q F3 +(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F2(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F3(GLO-)2.63 E(BIGNORE) -108 700.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that also matche\ -s one of the patterns in)4.264 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is)4.265 E -(remo)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.504(df).15 G .004 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.504 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F1 -.63 +F F2(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F3(GLO-)2.631 E +(BIGNORE)108 256.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) +4.264 E(remo)108 268.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(df).15 G .003 +(rom the list of matches.)-2.503 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F1 -.63 (``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F1 -.63(``)2.503 G(..) -.63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .003(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .003 -(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.503 E F0(is)2.253 E .045 -(set and not null.)108 724.8 R(Ho)5.045 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .845 --.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.545 E F0 .046 -(to a non-null v)2.296 F .046(alue has the ef)-.25 F .046 -(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F1(dotglob)2.546 E F0(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(21)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 22 22 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .614(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 84 R .614 -(ginning with a)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 -G(')-.08 E F0 .614(will match.)5.614 F 2.213 -.8(To g)5.614 H .613 -(et the old beha).8 F .613(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .456(\214le names be) -108 96 R .456(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(') --.08 E F0 2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(') --.63 E F0 .457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)4.957 E F1(dotglob) -2.957 E F0 .457(option is)2.957 F(disabled when)108 108 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE) -2.5 E F0(is unset.)2.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 124.8 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G -(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 141.6 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that ap\ -pears in a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described\ - belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 -153.6 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab) -6.12 G 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the) --.25 F .576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 165.6 R -.576(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076 -(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 177.6 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 194.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)108 211.2 Q F0 .455 -(Matches an)31 F 2.955(ys)-.15 G .455(tring, including the null string.) --2.955 F .455(When the)5.455 F F1(globstar)2.955 E F0 .455 -(shell option is enabled, and)2.955 F F1(*)2.955 E F0(is)2.955 E .576 -(used in a \214lename e)144 223.2 R .576(xpansion conte)-.15 F .575 -(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.075(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.075 E F1(*)3.075 E F0 3.075(su) -C .575(sed as a single pattern will match all \214les)-3.075 F 1.183 -(and zero or more directories and subdirectories.)144 235.2 R 1.183 +.63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .004(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .004 +(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.504 E F0(is)2.254 E .046 +(set and not null.)108 280.8 R(Ho)5.046 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .846 +-.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.546 E F0 .046 +(to a non-null v)2.296 F .045(alue has the ef)-.25 F .045 +(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F1(dotglob)2.545 E F0 .613 +(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 292.8 R .614 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .614 +(will match.)5.614 F 2.214 -.8(To g)5.614 H .614(et the old beha).8 F +.614(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .457(\214le names be)108 304.8 R .457 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 +.457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)4.957 E F1(dotglob)2.956 E F0 .456 +(option is)2.956 F(disabled when)108 316.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is unset.)2.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 333.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching) +-2.5 E F0(An)108 350.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in \ +a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described belo) +-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 362.4 +R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G +1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F +.576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 374.4 R .576 +(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 386.4 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 403.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)108 420 Q F0 .455(Matches an) +31 F 2.955(ys)-.15 G .455(tring, including the null string.)-2.955 F +.455(When the)5.455 F F1(globstar)2.955 E F0 .455 +(shell option is enabled, and)2.955 F F1(*)2.955 E F0(is)2.955 E .314 +(used in a pathname e)144 432 R .314(xpansion conte)-.15 F .314(xt, tw) +-.15 F 2.814(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.814 E F1(*)2.814 E F0 2.814(su)C .314 +(sed as a single pattern will match all \214les)-2.814 F 1.183 +(and zero or more directories and subdirectories.)144 444 R 1.183 (If follo)6.183 F 1.183(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.683 E F0 3.683(,t)C 1.383 --.1(wo a)-3.683 H(djacent).1 E F1(*)3.683 E F0 3.684(sw)C 1.184 -(ill match)-3.684 F(only directories and subdirectories.)144 247.2 Q F1 -(?)108 259.2 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E -(.)-.55 E F1([...])108 271.2 Q F0 .257(Matches an)21.84 F 2.757(yo)-.15 -G .257(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.757 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257 -(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .256(yphen denotes a)-.05 F -/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)144 283.2 S(ng).15 E 3.289(ee)-.1 G -(xpr)-3.489 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.289(;a)C 1.089 -.15(ny c)-3.289 H .789 +-.1(wo a)-3.683 H(djacent).1 E F1(*)3.683 E F0 3.683(sw)C 1.183 +(ill match)-3.683 F(only directories and subdirectories.)144 456 Q F1(?) +108 468 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 +E F1([...])108 480 Q F0 .256(Matches an)21.84 F 2.756(yo)-.15 G .257 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.756 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257 +(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .257(yphen denotes a)-.05 F +F2 -.15(ra)144 492 S(ng).15 E 3.29(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.49 E(ession)-.37 E F0 +3.29(;a)C 1.09 -.15(ny c)-3.29 H .789 (haracter that sorts between those tw).15 F 3.289(oc)-.1 G .789 -(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.29(,u).15 G .79 -(sing the cur)-3.29 F(-)-.2 E .35(rent locale')144 295.2 R 2.85(sc)-.55 -G .35(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.85 F .349 -(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .349(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.849 -E F0 .563(is a)144 307.2 R F1(!)3.063 E F0 .563(or a)5.563 F F1(^)3.063 -E F0 .564(then an)3.063 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .564 -(The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 319.2 S -1.102(pressions is determined by the current locale and the v).15 F -1.102(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)3.602 E(TE)-.95 E F0 1.102(shell v) -3.602 F(ari-)-.25 E .088(able, if set.)144 331.2 R(A)5.088 E F1<ad>2.588 -E F0 .088(may be matched by including it as the \214rst or last charact\ -er in the set.)2.588 F(A)5.089 E F1(])2.589 E F0 .089(may be)2.589 F -(matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 343.2 -Q -.4(Wi)144 361.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.915 E F0(and)2.915 E F1(])2.915 E -F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch)2.915 G(ar).15 E .415(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)2.915 F F1([:)2.915 E F4(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 2.914(,w)C(here)-2.914 E F4(class)2.914 E F0 .414(is one of) -2.914 F(the follo)144 373.2 Q +(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.289(,u).15 G .789 +(sing the cur)-3.289 F(-)-.2 E .349(rent locale')144 504 R 2.849(sc)-.55 +G .349(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.849 F .35 +(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .35(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.85 E +F0 .564(is a)144 516 R F1(!)3.064 E F0 .564(or a)5.564 F F1(^)3.064 E F0 +.564(then an)3.064 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .563 +(The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 528 S .467 +(pressions is determined by the current locale and the v).15 F .467 +(alue of the)-.25 F F3(LC_COLLA)2.967 E(TE)-.855 E F0 .467(shell v)2.717 +F(ariable,)-.25 E 1.077(if set.)144 540 R(A)6.077 E F1<ad>3.577 E F0 +1.077(may be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character i\ +n the set.)3.577 F(A)6.076 E F1(])3.576 E F0 1.076(may be)3.576 F +(matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 552 Q +-.4(Wi)144 570 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.914 E F0(and)2.914 E F1(])2.914 E F0 +(,)A F2 -.15(ch)2.914 G(ar).15 E .414(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)2.915 F F1([:)2.915 E F2(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 2.915(,w)C(here)-2.915 E F2(class)2.915 E F0 .415(is one of) +2.915 F(the follo)144 582 Q (wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.421 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)144 385.2 R 5.421 -(wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 397.2 Q F0 -2.519(Ac)144 409.2 S .019(haracter class matches an)-2.519 F 2.519(yc) --.15 G .019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.519 F(The)5.018 E F1 --.1(wo)2.518 G(rd).1 E F0 .018(character class matches)2.518 F -(letters, digits, and the character _.)144 421.2 Q -.4(Wi)144 439.2 S -(thin).4 E F1([)3.546 E F0(and)3.546 E F1(])3.546 E F0 3.546(,a)C(n) --3.546 E F4 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F1([=)3.547 E F4(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 3.547(,w)C 1.047(hich matches all)-3.547 F(characters with the sam\ +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)144 594 R 5.421 +(wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 606 Q F0 2.518 +(Ac)144 618 S .018(haracter class matches an)-2.518 F 2.518(yc)-.15 G +.019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.518 F(The)5.019 E F1 -.1(wo) +2.519 G(rd).1 E F0 .019(character class matches)2.519 F +(letters, digits, and the character _.)144 630 Q -.4(Wi)144 648 S(thin) +.4 E F1([)3.547 E F0(and)3.547 E F1(])3.547 E F0 3.547(,a)C(n)-3.547 E +F2 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F1([=)3.546 E F2(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 3.546(,w)C 1.046(hich matches all)-3.546 F(characters with the sam\ e collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as the charac\ -ter)144 451.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)144 469.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 -E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F4 -(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol)2.5 E -F0(.)A .705(If the)108 486 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 498 -R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +ter)144 660 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)144 678 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 E F0 +(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F2 +(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol)2.5 E +F0(.)A .704(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 +706.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 510 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 534 Q F4(pattern-list) -.833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 546 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 558 Q F4 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 570 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 582 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 594 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 606 Q F4(pattern-list).833 -E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 618 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 630 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 -E F0(Matches an)180 642 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 658.8 Q -.1 -(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 670.8 R 1.113 -(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 682.8 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F5 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 699.6 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 711.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 -(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F4 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E -(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F 2.77 -(by the shell.)108 723.6 R 2.769(Redirection may also be used to open a\ -nd close \214les for the current shell e)7.77 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution) -.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(22)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +108 718.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(22)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(en)108 84 Q 3.36(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)3.36 E .86 -(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .86 -(ywhere within a)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .86(simple com-)3.7 F -(mand)108 96 Q F0(or may follo)3.27 E 2.5(wa)-.25 G F1(command)A F0 5 -(.R).77 G(edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .284(In the follo) -108 112.8 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is \ -omitted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 -(ion operator is)108 124.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012 -(,t)C .512 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(?\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list).833 +E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 144 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 156 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 168 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 180 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 192 Q(ything e)-.15 +E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E +F1(Quote Remo)87 208.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 +(After the preceding e)108 220.8 R 1.112 +(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 232.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 249.6 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .616 +(by the shell.)108 273.6 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open an\ +d close \214les for the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617 +(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 285.6 R(follo)3.275 E +.774(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774 +(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .774(simple command)3.614 F F0(or)4.044 E +(may follo)108 297.6 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G +(edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear) +-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each redirection tha\ +t may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may instead be preceded\ + by a w)108 314.4 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108 326.4 R F2 +(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.498<618c>108 338.4 +S .999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.498 F F2 +(varname)3.499 E F0 5.999(.I)C 3.499(f>)-5.999 G .999 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.499 F F2(varname)A F0 .999(}, the)B -.25 +(va)108 350.4 S(lue of).25 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108 +367.2 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ +ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 +(ion operator is)108 379.2 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 136.8 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 391.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 153.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 408 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772 -(jected to brace e)108 165.6 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 +(jected to brace e)108 420 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844 -(sion, quote remo)108 177.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F -.843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 -F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.343 E F0 -(reports an error)108 189.6 Q(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 206.4 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 223.2 Q F2(>)2.5 -E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 240 Q -F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 256.8 -Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 273.6 R F1(dirlist)3.027 -E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 +(sion, quote remo)108 432 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F .843 +(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 F +.843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.343 E F0 +(reports an error)108 444 Q(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 460.8 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 477.6 Q F1(>)2.5 +E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 494.4 +Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 +511.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 528 R F2(dirlist)3.027 E +F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 285.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 302.4 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +(output before the standard output w)108 540 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 +(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 556.8 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) -.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 314.4 Q F2(/de)144 331.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F1(fd)A -F0(If)180 343.2 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 -E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 -E F2(/de)144 355.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) -180 367.2 Q F2(/de)144 379.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 391.2 Q F2(/de)144 403.2 Q -(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 415.2 Q F2(/de) -144 427.2 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)180 439.2 Q -F1(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 568.8 Q F1(/de)144 585.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A +F0(If)180 597.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 +E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 +E F1(/de)144 609.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) +180 621.6 Q F1(/de)144 633.6 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 645.6 Q F1(/de)144 657.6 Q +(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 669.6 Q F1(/de) +144 681.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 693.6 Q +F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 451.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 705.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) --.1 E F2(/de)144 463.2 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If) -180 475.2 Q F1(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 487.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) --.1 E 2.5(Af)108 504 S +-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(23)185.955 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 24 24 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 96 Q F2(host)2.997 +E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497(alid hostname or Internet address, and) +-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496(is an inte)2.996 F .496 +(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E(vice name,)180 108 Q F1(bash)2.5 +E F0(attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E +(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 124.8 S (ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E (ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ -hould be used with care, as the)108 520.8 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +hould be used with care, as the)108 141.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 (ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 532.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87 -549.6 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 153.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +170.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 561.6 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 573.6 Q F1 +108 182.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 194.4 Q F2 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 590.4 Q([)144 607.2 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 624 Q(ecting Output) +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 244.8 Q(ecting Output) -.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 636 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 648 R -F1(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 +108 256.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 268.8 +R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 .824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F --.15(ex)108 660 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +-.15(ex)108 280.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 676.8 Q([)144 693.6 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 710.4 R F2(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F2(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F 1.76(will f)108 722.4 R -1.76(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F 1.759 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.259 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)4.259 G 1.759 -(ists and is a re).15 F 1.759(gular \214le.)-.15 F 1.759(If the)6.759 F -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(23)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 24 24 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .594(redirection operator is)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|) -3.094 E F0 3.094(,o)C 3.094(rt)-3.094 G .594(he redirection operator is) --3.094 F F1(>)3.094 E F0 .595(and the)3.094 F F1(noclob)3.095 E(ber)-.1 -E F0 .595(option to the)3.095 F F1(set)3.095 E F0 -.2(bu)3.095 G .595 -(iltin com-).2 F(mand is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E -F1 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 124.8 R .642 +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 297.6 Q([)144 314.4 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 331.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 343.2 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 355.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E +F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 +367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 +384 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 396 R .642 (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 136.8 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 408 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 .474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 -148.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 165.6 Q([)144 182.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 204 Q +420 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 436.8 Q([)144 453.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 475.2 Q (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 216 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ -e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F -(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 228 Q -(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108 -244.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(This construct allo)108 487.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) +-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 +499.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 516 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 261.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 273.6 Q F1(>&)144 285.6 Q -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 302.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 532.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 544.8 Q F1(>&)144 556.8 Q +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 573.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 319.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1 -.25(Ap)87 340.8 S +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 590.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1 -.25(Ap)87 612 S (pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 352.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ -\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) --.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -364.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(This construct allo)108 624 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ +e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F +(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 636 Q +(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -381.6 Q F1(&>>)144 398.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 415.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(>>)144 432 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87 -448.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ -nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ -ontaining only)108 460.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 472.8 Q F0 .614 +652.8 Q F1(&>>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 686.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 +(>>)144 703.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(24)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 25 25 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Her)87 84 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E +F0 .33(This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from \ +the current source until a line containing only)108 96 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(delimiter)108.35 108 Q F0 .614 (\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input for a command.)108 484.8 Q -(The format of here-documents is:)108 501.6 Q F1(<<)144 518.4 Q F0([)A -F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 530.4 Q(e-document)-.37 E -(delimiter)144 542.4 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 559.2 R .127 +F(dard input for a command.)108 120 Q(The format of here-documents is:) +108 136.8 Q F1(<<)144 153.6 Q F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E +(her)164 165.6 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 177.6 Q F0 .128 +(No parameter e)108 194.4 R .127 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 -571.2 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G +206.4 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G 1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F2(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 (is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n) -3.275 E F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905 -(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 583.2 R 3.405(xpanded. If) +(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 218.4 R 3.405(xpanded. If) -.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 (is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694 -(subjected to parameter e)108 595.2 R .695 +(subjected to parameter e)108 230.4 R .695 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195 (xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F -(character sequence)108 607.2 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) +(character sequence)108 242.4 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) 2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\) 2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 624 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) -C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ - the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 636 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G -(his allo)-5 E +(If the redirection operator is)108 259.2 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 271.2 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 +(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 652.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 664.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1 -(<<<)144 681.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 698.4 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(is e)2.5 E -(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(24)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 25 25 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 84 Q F0 -(The redirection operator)108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 129.6 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 288 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(Av)108 300 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1(<<<) +144 316.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 333.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E +F0(is e)2.5 E +(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F1 +(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 350.4 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 +362.4 Q([)144 379.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 396 R(If)5.127 E F2 +(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -141.6 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +408 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G 2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G 2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 .457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 153.6 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 420 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) 2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) 2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 165.6 Q -(The operator)108 182.4 Q([)144 199.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 432 Q +(The operator)108 448.8 Q([)144 465.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A (d)-.37 E F0 .444 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 216 R(If) -5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 482.4 R +(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 228 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)4.197 -E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ - a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 240 R 2.597(as)2.597 G -.097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096(is omitted, and)2.596 -F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)2.596 F .096 -(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F -(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 252 Q -(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 268.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 280.8 Q([)144 297.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&) -A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G -.535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 494.4 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) +4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 506.4 R 2.597 +(as)2.597 G .097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, and)2.596 F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e) +2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F +(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 518.4 Q +(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 535.2 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 547.2 Q([)144 564 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A +F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 580.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535 +(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 (to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) -3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 -(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 326.4 Q F2(digit)5 +(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 592.8 Q F2(digit)5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A -(Similarly)108 343.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) -144 360 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 376.8 Q +(Similarly)108 609.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) +144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2 (digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 388.8 Q F1 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 405.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 417.6 Q([)144 434.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) -A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -451.2 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 655.2 Q F1 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 672 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 684 Q([)144 700.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)A +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +717.6 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 463.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +108 729.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 480 Q F2(Aliases)108 492 Q F0(allo)3.174 E -3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1) +72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(25)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 26 26 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(Aliases)108 96 Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674 +(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 (ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 504 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 516 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 528 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 540 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 108 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(alias)2.894 E F0(and)2.894 E F3(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394 +(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B) +4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979 +(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .472 +(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472(If so, that w)5.472 F .473 +(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473 +(The characters)5.473 F F3(/)2.973 E F0(,)A F3($)2.973 E F0(,)A F3<92> +2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.612 E F0 1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612 +(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E +(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 552 R 1.119 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 156 R 1.119 (replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 564 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 576 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 588 R +.295(not e)108 180 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 192 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F 3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 (alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 600 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 616.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F3 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 633.6 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 237.6 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 645.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 662.4 R 1.22 +108 249.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 266.4 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) -.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 674.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 +.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F3(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -691.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +295.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 (wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 -(one complete line of input before e)108 703.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 +(one complete line of input before e)108 307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 (he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 715.2 S .904 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 319.2 S .904 (ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 (an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 -(another command does not tak)108 727.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 +(another command does not tak)108 331.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(25)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 26 26 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .277(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 84 R .277 +1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 +(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 343.2 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) 2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(\ -xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is \ -e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 108 R -.495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 -(tion are not a)108 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 +355.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F +.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 367.2 +R .495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 +(tion are not a)108 379.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 (ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584 (cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .084(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F -(rate line, and do not use)108 132 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E -F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 148.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) --2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 177.6 S .967 +(rate line, and do not use)108 391.2 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 +(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 408 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.) +.15 E F1(FUNCTIONS)72 424.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 436.8 S .967 (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F -1.002(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002 -(the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\ -t of com-)3.502 F .315(mands associated with that function name is e)108 -201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 -F .036(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 448.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 +(shell; no ne)108 472.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +F .639(function is e)108 484.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 237.6 -R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 496.8 +R F3(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 (Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F -1.017(ment of the)108 249.6 R F3(FUNCN)3.517 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va) -3.267 G 1.017 -(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.518(cuting. All).15 F 1.285 -(other aspects of the shell e)108 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.285 -(cution en).15 F 1.285 -(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with the)-.4 -F -.15(ex)108 273.6 S 2.029(ception that the).15 F F3(DEB)4.529 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)4.279 E F1(RETURN)4.529 E F0 2.029 -(traps \(see the description of the)4.529 F F1(trap)4.53 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.53 G 2.03(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)4.53 E -.09(BU)108 285.6 S(IL).09 -E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +(ment of the)108 508.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 +525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F +1.049(these e)108 537.6 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.548 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F3(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F3(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.548 E -.09(BU)108 549.6 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 297.6 R F3(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F3(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 561.6 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 309.6 S(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 E F1(DEB) -2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps\).)2.5 E -1.11(Va) -108 326.4 S .656(riables local to the function may be declared with the) -1.11 F F1(local)3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F -(Ordinarily)5.655 E 3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v) -108 338.4 Q(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E -(.)-.55 E .043(If the b)108 355.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18 -(re)2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 +-.25 F F3 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 573.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F3(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 585.6 Q F3(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 602.4 S .656 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F3(local) +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v)108 614.4 Q +(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E +.043(If the b)108 631.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F3 -.18(re)2.543 G +(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 367.2 R 1.012 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 643.2 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 379.2 R +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F3(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 655.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 391.2 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 667.2 Q F3(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 408 R F1 -<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 420 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 684 R F3 +<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F3(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.858 E F3(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 696 R F3<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F3 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F3(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 432 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +.327(\214le and line number)108 708 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +(he)-2.827 E F3(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 (shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 444 R 1.597 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.797 E F0 -1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 -(deleted using the)108 456 R F1<ad66>2.661 E F0 .161(option to the)2.661 -F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 -(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 -F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 -468 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 -(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 480 Q +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 720 R 1.597 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F3<ad66>3.797 E F0 +1.297(option to the)3.797 F F3(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F(GNU Bash-4.1) +72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(26)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 27 27 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .161(deleted using the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.661 +E F0 .161(option to the)2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661 +(iltin. Note).2 F .16(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16 +(ariables with the same name)-.25 F 1.325 +(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 96 R +1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 +(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 108 Q (en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E -(Functions may be recursi)108 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.N).15 G 2.5(ol) +(Functions may be recursi)108 124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.N).15 G 2.5(ol) -5 G(imit is imposed on the number of recursi)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(alls.).15 E F2(ARITHMETIC EV)72 513.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G -(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 525.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e) --.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 -(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 537.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205 -(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 2.705 -(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte)-.15 -F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -(r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428 +(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 141.6 Q(ALU) +-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 153.6 R +2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let) +4.797 E F0(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 165.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G +.205(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 +2.705(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte) +-.15 F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 177.6 R -.15(ve) +-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G .428(he operators and their prece-)-5.428 F 1.919(dence, associati)108 -561.6 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 +189.6 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F -1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 573.6 Q -.15 +1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 201.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 590.4 Q F1(++)A F5(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25 -(va)144 602.4 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 -614.4 Q F5(id)A F1<adad>2.5 E F5(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 626.4 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<ad2b>108 638.4 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F1 2.5(!~)108 650.4 S F0 +-.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 218.4 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25 +(va)144 230.4 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 +242.4 Q F3(id)A F1<adad>2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 254.4 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<ad2b>108 266.4 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F1 2.5(!~)108 278.4 S F0 (logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 -662.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 674.4 S F0 +290.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 302.4 S F0 (multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 -686.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 698.4 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(26)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 27 27 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<= >= < >)108 84 Q F0(comparison)144 96 Q -F1(== !=)108 108 Q F0(equality and inequality)13.07 E F1(&)108 120 Q F0 -(bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 132 Q F0(bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15 E -.3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 144 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&) -108 156 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1(||)108 168 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 180 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E -F1(:)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(conditional operator)144 192 Q F1 2.5(=*) -108 204 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5 -(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 216 Q F2 -.2(ex)108 -228 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 240 Q -.68(Shell v)108 256.8 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 +314.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 326.4 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F1(<= >= < >)108 338.4 Q F0 +(comparison)144 350.4 Q F1(== !=)108 362.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) +13.07 E F1(&)108 374.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 386.4 Q F0 +(bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 +398.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&)108 410.4 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1 +(||)108 422.4 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E F3 -.2(ex)108 434.4 S(pr).2 E F1(?) +A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 446.4 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 458.4 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G +2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G +(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 470.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 482.4 S +(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 494.4 Q .68 +(Shell v)108 511.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 268.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 523.2 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 280.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 535.2 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G 1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 292.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 547.2 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 (The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 304.8 R 1.389 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 559.2 R 1.389 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) --3.889 E F2(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 +-3.889 E F3(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 (ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) -3.889 E .343(assigned a v)108 316.8 R 2.843(alue. A)-.25 F .343(null v) +3.889 E .343(assigned a v)108 571.2 R 2.843(alue. A)-.25 F .343(null v) 2.843 F .343(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .343(luates to 0.).25 F 2.843 (As)5.343 G .343(hell v)-2.843 F .343(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .643 -.15(ve i)-.2 H .343(ts inte).15 F .344(ger attrib)-.15 F .344 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 328.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E +(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 583.2 Q(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 -345.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F -(xadecimal.)-.15 E .589(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 357.6 R 3.089(et)-.1 -G .589(he form [)-3.089 F F2(base#)A F0 .589(]n, where)B F2(base)3.089 E +600 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F +(xadecimal.)-.15 E .589(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 612 R 3.089(et)-.1 G +.589(he form [)-3.089 F F3(base#)A F0 .589(]n, where)B F3(base)3.089 E F0 .59(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 represent-)3.089 F .093 -(ing the arithmetic base, and)108 369.6 R F2(n)2.593 E F0 .093 -(is a number in that base.)2.593 F(If)5.093 E F2(base#)2.593 E F0 .092 +(ing the arithmetic base, and)108 624 R F3(n)2.593 E F0 .093 +(is a number in that base.)2.593 F(If)5.093 E F3(base#)2.593 E F0 .092 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.593 F .092(The digits)5.092 F .064 -(greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 381.6 R .064 +(greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 636 R .064 (wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order)-.25 F -5.065(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.065 E F2(base)2.565 E F0 .433 -(is less than or equal to 36, lo)108 393.6 R .432(wercase and uppercase\ - letters may be used interchangeably to represent num-)-.25 F -(bers between 10 and 35.)108 405.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 422.4 R --.25(va)-.25 G .234(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E -.234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 434.4 S -(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 451.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 463.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) -2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F1([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 475.2 R .77 +5.065(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.065 E F3(base)2.565 E F0 .433 +(is less than or equal to 36, lo)108 648 R .432(wercase and uppercase l\ +etters may be used interchangeably to represent num-)-.25 F +(bers between 10 and 35.)108 660 Q .234(Operators are e)108 676.8 R -.25 +(va)-.25 G .234(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 688.8 S +(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)72 705.6 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256(Conditional e)108 +717.6 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[)2.755 E F0 .255 +(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F1([) +2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F .77 +(\214le attrib)108 729.6 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.041 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 487.2 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E F2 -(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)3.54 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 499.2 -Q F2(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E -F2(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F2 -(/de)108 511.2 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1) +72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(27)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 28 28 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 1.041(unary or binary primaries.)108 84 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y) +-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.54 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 96 Q +F1(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E F1 +(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F1 +(/de)108 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 528 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 540 Q -F1<ad61>108 564 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 576 Q F2(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 588 Q F2(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 600 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 612 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 624 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E -(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 636 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 -G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 648 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 660 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +108 124.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 136.8 +Q(When used with)108 154.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,T)C +(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E F2<ad61>108 178.8 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2<ad62>108 190.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G +(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2<ad63>108 202.8 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2<ad64>108 214.8 Q +F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2<ad65>108 226.8 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2<ad66>108 238.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G +(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E +(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2<ad67>108 250.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +10.58 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2<ad68>108 262.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2<ad6b>108 274.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F1<ad70>108 672 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 -E F1<ad72>108 684 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 -696 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74>108 -708 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2 -(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(27)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 28 28 +-2.5 E F2<ad70>108 286.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 +E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) +.15 E F2<ad72>108 298.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E +F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2<ad73>108 +310.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2<ad74> +108 322.8 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E +F1(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2<ad75>108 +334.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2 +<ad77>108 346.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2<ad78>108 +358.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2 +<ad4f>108 370.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F2<ad47>108 382.8 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 +(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2<ad4c>108 394.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2<ad53>108 406.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2<ad4e>108 418.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 +(\214le1)108 430.8 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F2(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +442.8 S .038(ue if).35 F F1(\214le1)2.538 E F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 +(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F1(\214le2)2.539 E +F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F1(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F1(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .039(does not.) +2.539 F F1(\214le1)108 454.8 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F2(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 466.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E +F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 +(\214le1)108 478.8 Q F2(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +490.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +(refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2<ad6f>108 +502.8 Q F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 514.8 S 1.144 +(ue if shell option).35 F F1(optname)3.874 E F0 1.144(is enabled.)3.824 +F 1.143(See the list of options under the description of the)6.144 F F2 +<ad6f>3.643 E F0(option to the)144 526.8 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2<ad7a>108 538.8 Q F1(string)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 550.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.5 E F0 +(is zero.)2.5 E F1(string)108 562.8 Q F2<ad6e>108 574.8 Q F1(string)2.5 +E F0 -.35(Tr)144 586.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.84 E F0 +(is non-zero.)2.72 E F1(string1)108 603.6 Q F2(==)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E +(string1)108 615.6 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 627.6 S +(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F2(=)5 E F0(should be used with the) +2.5 E F2(test)2.5 E F0(command for POSIX conformance.)2.5 E F1(string1) +108 644.4 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 656.4 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 673.2 Q F2(<)2.5 +E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 685.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E +F0(sorts before)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 +E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 702 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 714 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1(string2) +2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(28)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad75>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77>108 96 Q -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 108 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad4f>108 120 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad47>108 132 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) -7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E -(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E -F1<ad4c>108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1 -<ad53>108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F1 -<ad4e>108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E -(as last read.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 180 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt)A F2 -(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 192 S .038(ue if).35 F F2(\214le1)2.538 E -F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 -(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E -F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F2(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .039(does not.) -2.539 F F2(\214le1)108 204 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 216 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2 -(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 -(\214le1)108 228 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 240 S -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -(refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F1<ad6f>108 -252 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 264 S 1.144(ue if shell option).35 -F F2(optname)3.874 E F0 1.144(is enabled.)3.824 F 1.143 -(See the list of options under the description of the)6.144 F F1<ad6f> -3.643 E F0(option to the)144 276 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad7a>108 288 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 300 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.) -2.5 E F2(string)108 312 Q F1<ad6e>108 324 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) -144 336 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.) -2.72 E F2(string1)108 352.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) -144 364.8 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(=)5 E F0 -(may be used in place of)2.5 E F1(==)2.5 E F0 -(for strict POSIX compliance.)2.5 E F2(string1)108 381.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E -F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 393.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 410.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 422.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E -F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E -(xicographically in the current locale.)-.15 E F2(string1)108 439.2 Q F1 -(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 451.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1) -2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E -(xicographically in the current locale.)-.15 E F2(ar)108.33 468 Q(g1) --.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 480 -Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255ne)2.885 E -F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255gt)2.885 -E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 -(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2(ar)2.885 E -(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ -qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 492 R F2(ar)144 -504 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.) --.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)108.33 84 Q(g1)-.37 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP) +144 96 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne) +2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C +.385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar) +2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less th\ +an or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 108 R F1 +(ar)144 120 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 +E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0 (may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 520.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 -(When a simple command is e)108 532.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 136.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 +(When a simple command is e)108 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 (cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 544.8 Q 26(1. The)108 561.6 R -.1(wo)4.349 G 1.849 +108 160.8 Q 26(1. The)108 177.6 R -.1(wo)4.349 G 1.849 (rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 590.4 R -.1(wo)3.663 G 1.163 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 206.4 R -.1(wo)3.663 G 1.163 (rds that are not v).1 F 1.164 (ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -602.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +218.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 614.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 631.2 R +(are the ar)144 230.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 247.2 R (are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26(4. The)108 648 R(te) -3.216 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F +(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26(4. The)108 264 R(te) +3.216 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .34 -(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 660 R .339 +(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 276 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 672 Q .332 -(If no command name results, the v)108 688.8 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 288 Q .332 +(If no command name results, the v)108 304.8 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 700.8 S .757 +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 316.8 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 712.8 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 328.8 R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 (he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 724.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(28)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 29 29 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .15(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 -84 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 96 Q -(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 112.8 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(the command e)108 340.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 357.6 R +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 369.6 +Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 +(If there is a command name left after e)108 386.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F 4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -124.8 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +398.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 136.8 R .466 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 410.4 R .466 (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 148.8 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 165.6 Q F0 .547 -(After a command has been split into w)108 177.6 R .546 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 422.4 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 439.2 Q F0 +.547(After a command has been split into w)108 451.2 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 189.6 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 463.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 206.4 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 480 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 218.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G -.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 -(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 230.4 Q 2.5 +108 492 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 +(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 +E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 504 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 247.2 R .31 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.81 -E F0 .31(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 259.2 Q F2 -.666(PA) -3.163 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 -.662(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914 -(the full pathnames of e)108 271.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 -(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 -(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E -4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72(search of the directories in)108 -283.2 R F2 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 520.8 R .31 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 532.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 +544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 +(search of the directories in)108 556.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .719 (is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F .719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 295.2 R F4(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 307.2 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278 + a de\214ned shell function named)108 568.8 R F2(command_not_f)3.456 E +(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 580.8 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278 (hat function e)-2.778 F .278(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 2.778(dw).1 G .277 (ith the original command and the original command')-2.778 F 2.777(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 319.2 R .775 +-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 592.8 R .775 (guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 (xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F .776(If that function is not)5.776 F -(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 331.2 +(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 604.8 Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\ -e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 348 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197(named program in a separate e)108 -360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 -(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 372 Q +e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 621.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197(named program in a separate e) +108 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 +F .198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 645.6 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 388.8 R +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 400.8 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 674.4 R F1 .678 +(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 (ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 (cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 412.8 R .33 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 686.4 R .33 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 -(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 424.8 R 1.219 +(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 698.4 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F4(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 436.8 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A -F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) -108 453.6 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ -e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 465.6 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ - handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.193(format themselv) -108 477.6 R 3.693(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 -(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.192 -(gument follo)-.18 F 1.192(wing the)-.25 F 1.13 -(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 489.6 R -1.131(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.131(wed by the)-.25 -F(command ar)108 501.6 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 518.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) -108 530.4 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 -2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E 32.5<836f>108 -559.2 S 1.406(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo) --.4 G 1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F -F4(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 571.2 S(iltin).2 E 32.5<8374>108 588 S -(he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E F0(,) -A F4(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri) --2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E 32.5 -<8374>108 604.8 S(he \214le creation mode mask as set by)-32.5 E F4 -(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) --2.5 E 32.5<8363>108 621.6 S(urrent traps set by)-32.5 E F4(trap)2.5 E -F0 32.5<8373>108 638.4 S .256(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F -.256(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .257 -(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E -(in the en)144 650.4 Q(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<8373>108 667.2 S -(hell functions de\214ned during e)-32.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<836f>108 684 S -(ptions enabled at in)-32.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def).2 E -(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F4(set)2.5 E -F0 32.5<836f>108 700.8 S(ptions enabled by)-32.5 E F4(shopt)2.5 E F0 -32.5<8373>108 717.6 S(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F4(alias)2.5 E -F0(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(29)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F F2(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F3 +(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 710.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F5(\))A +F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E 1.375 +(If the program is a \214le be)108 727.2 R 1.374(ginning with)-.15 F F2 +(#!)3.874 E F0 3.874(,t)C 1.374 +(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the) +-3.874 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(29)185.955 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 32.5<8376>108 84 S +-.35 E 5.485(program. The)108 84 R 2.985(shell e)5.485 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.986(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do no\ +t handle this).15 F -.15(exe)108 96 S .762(cutable format themselv).15 F +3.262(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.262 E .761 +(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F .761 +(gument fol-)-.18 F(lo)108 108 Q .156 +(wing the interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo) +-.25 F .157(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F(wed)-.25 E +(by the command ar)108 120 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F1 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 136.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E +F0(The shell has an)108 148.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G +(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C +(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E 32.5<836f>108 165.6 S +1.406(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 177.6 S(iltin).2 E 32.5 +<8374>108 194.4 S(he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E +F3(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F3(popd)2.5 E F0 +2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +(cation).2 E 32.5<8374>108 211.2 S +(he \214le creation mode mask as set by)-32.5 E F3(umask)2.5 E F0 +(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E 32.5 +<8363>108 228 S(urrent traps set by)-32.5 E F3(trap)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373> +108 244.8 S .256(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F3(set)2.756 E F0 .257 +(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E +(in the en)144 256.8 Q(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<8373>108 273.6 S +(hell functions de\214ned during e)-32.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<836f>108 290.4 S +(ptions enabled at in)-32.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def).2 E +(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F3(set)2.5 E +F0 32.5<836f>108 307.2 S(ptions enabled by)-32.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 +32.5<8373>108 324 S(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F3(alias)2.5 E +F0 32.5<8376>108 340.8 S (arious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v)-32.75 E -(alue of)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 -E(alue of)-.25 E F1($PPID)2.5 E F0 .427 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 100.8 R .426 +(alue of)-.25 E F3($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E +/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427 +(When a simple command other than a b)108 357.6 R .426 (uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) --2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 112.8 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 +-2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 369.6 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F .134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 124.8 Q 32.5<8374>108 153.6 S 1.056(he shell')-32.5 F +(the shell.)108 381.6 Q 32.5<8374>108 398.4 S 1.056(he shell')-32.5 F 3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 165.6 Q 32.5<8374>108 182.4 S(he current w)-32.5 E -(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 199.2 S -(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 216 S .856(hell v) +-3.556 F(mand)144 410.4 Q 32.5<8374>108 427.2 S(he current w)-32.5 E +(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 444 S +(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 460.8 S .856(hell v) -32.5 F .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 228 Q(vironment) --.4 E 32.5<8374>108 244.8 S .307 +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 472.8 Q(vironment) +-.4 E 32.5<8374>108 489.6 S .307 (raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .306 (alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 256.8 Q -2.5(Ac)108 273.6 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G +(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 501.6 Q +2.5(Ac)108 518.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 290.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 302.4 S .245(ubshell en) +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 535.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 547.2 S .245(ubshell en) -2.745 F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 (vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.358(reset to the v)108 314.4 R .358 +.358(reset to the v)108 559.2 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 326.4 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 571.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 338.4 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 583.2 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -355.2 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +600 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F1<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 367.2 R(not in posix mode, Bash clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 384 R -.405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) +F3<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) +108 612 R(not in posix mode, Bash clears the)2.5 E F3<ad65>2.5 E F0 +(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 628.8 R +.405(wed by a)-.25 F F3(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) 2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 (ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 -396 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C -.197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G -.198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 -F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 408 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 424.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 436.8 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) --4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 +640.8 R F2(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197 +(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G .198 +(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 F +(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 652.8 Q F1(ENVIR)72 669.6 Q(ONMENT) +-.329 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 681.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 +G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e) +-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 (rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 448.8 Q +E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 693.6 Q F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.485(The shell pro)108 465.6 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 +(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.485(The shell pro)108 710.4 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 477.6 Q .144(viron\ -ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F -2.703(cesses. Ex)108 489.6 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F -2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 501.6 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 513.6 Q .64 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 -(alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 525.6 -R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 -(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 -(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 537.6 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 -(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 -E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 -(dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar) -108 549.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 -566.4 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563(simple command) -3.403 F F0 .562 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 722.4 Q 1.431(viro\ +nment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically markin\ +g it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)3.93 G(port).2 E F0 1.43(to child)4.61 F +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(30)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 31 31 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 4.177(processes. Ex)108 84 R 1.677 +(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 4.177(vironment. The)-.4 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)4.178 E F0(and)4.178 E F1(declar)4.178 E 4.178 +<65ad>-.18 G(x)-4.178 E F0 1.678(commands allo)4.178 F(w)-.25 E .647 +(parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 96 +R 3.147(vironment. If)-.4 F .646(the v)3.146 F .646 +(alue of a parameter in)-.25 F .513(the en)108 108 R .513 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.013(wv)-.25 G .513 +(alue becomes part of the en)-3.263 F .513 +(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .514(The en)5.514 F(vi-)-.4 E .523 +(ronment inherited by an)108 120 R 3.022(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.172 G .522 +(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.022(si)-.55 G .522 +(nitial en)-3.022 F .522(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .522(alues may)-.25 F +.578(be modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 132 R 3.078(yp)-.15 G .578 +(airs remo)-3.078 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.078(db).15 G 3.078(yt)-3.078 G(he) +-3.078 E F1(unset)3.078 E F0 .579(command, plus an)3.078 F 3.079(ya)-.15 +G .579(dditions via the)-3.079 F F1(export)3.079 E F0(and)108 144 Q F1 +(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en) +108 160.8 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.563(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 578.4 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 172.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 590.4 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 607.2 R F1<ad6b> +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 184.8 Q +(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 201.6 R F1<ad6b> 3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 -.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 619.2 Q +.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 213.6 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 636 Q F1(bash)3.396 E F0(in)3.396 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) -.2 G 3.396(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.396 G .897(xternal command, the v)-3.547 -F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 +-.4 E(When)108 230.4 Q F1(bash)3.396 E F0(in)3.396 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.396(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.396 G .897(xternal command, the v) +-3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 (is set to the full \214le name of the command and)3.397 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 648 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3(EXIT ST) -72 664.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 676.8 R .151 -(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted command is the v) -.15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15 -(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15(lent func-).25 F 2.847 -(tion. Exit)108 688.8 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F .347 -(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +(passed to that command in its en)108 242.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F5 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 259.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151 +(The e)108 271.2 R .151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 +(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 +(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 283.2 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F +.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 700.8 Q 5.674(.E)-.65 G +F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 295.2 Q 5.674(.E)-.65 G .674(xit statuses from shell b)-5.674 F .673 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under)-.2 -F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 712.8 Q +F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 307.2 Q (alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)108 -729.6 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 +324 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 (urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 (xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873(xit status of) --.15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(30)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 31 31 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .049(zero indicates success.)108 84 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 +-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 336 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 (on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(N)2.5 -E F0(,)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E -(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .404 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 112.8 R +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 348 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E +(xit status.)-.15 E .404 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 364.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 124.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 141.6 +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 376.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 393.6 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .081(Shell b)108 158.4 R .081 -(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F1(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 +-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 410.4 R .081 +(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F -(the)108 170.4 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 F -.2 +(the)108 422.4 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 F -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E -(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 187.2 Q +(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 439.2 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 199.2 -Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F2 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 216 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 228 Q F2 -(bash)3.183 E F0 .683(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G -3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683 -(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682 -(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 -F(interacti)108 240 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4 -(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F2 -(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458 -(In all cases,)5.458 F F2(bash)108 252 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E -(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E -(fect,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4 -(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 -(Non-b)108 268.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.565 E F0 -(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 -F 1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) -108 280.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 292.8 R .653 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 451.2 +Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F5 +(SIGN)72 468 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 480 Q F1(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 +(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G +.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F F3(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .682(kill 0) +3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 492 Q .757 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F +F1(bash)108 504 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F4(.)A F0 +(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 +E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 +E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 520.8 Q 1.065 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 +532.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F3(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 544.8 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 304.8 Q F4 -(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 321.6 R 2.045 -(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 333.6 Q F0 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 556.8 Q F3 +(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 573.6 R 2.045 +(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E +F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 585.6 Q F0 1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F3(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 (to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 345.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 597.6 Q F4(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) 5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 357.6 R F2(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 609.6 R F1(diso) +3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 (SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 -(SIGHUP)108 369.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 386.4 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash) -2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 +1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +(SIGHUP)108 621.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 638.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -398.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 415.2 Q F2(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F +650.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 667.2 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 427.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 679.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 439.2 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ -eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2 +(via the)108 691.2 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 451.2 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 703.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(JOB CONTR)72 468 Q(OL)-.329 E F1 -.25 -(Jo)108 480 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 -(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F1(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 492 Q F1 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) +135.965 E(31)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 32 32 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 84 Q(OL)-.329 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 96 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 +E F0 2.067(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 +(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 108 Q F2 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 (acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the system')108 504 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 520.8 R F1(job)5.024 E F0 .784 -(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 532.8 R F2 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F2(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F1(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 544.8 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 561.6 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ +-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 120 Q(ernel')-.1 E +2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E +/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 +136.8 R F2(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k) +5.784 F .785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 148.8 R F3 +(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F3(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F2(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 160.8 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 177.6 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 578.4 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 590.4 R .732 +ociated)108 194.4 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 206.4 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 602.4 Q F1(job) +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 218.4 Q F2(job) 4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 619.2 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +(To f)108 235.2 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) .7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 631.2 R F1(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(notion of a)108 247.2 R F2(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -643.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 655.2 Q -F5(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F1(for) -3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.926 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 -F .145(group ID dif)108 667.2 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +259.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E +(INT)108 271.2 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.347 +(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F2(for)3.846 E -.4(eg) +-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F2(Bac)6.926 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) +-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 F .145 +(group ID dif)108 283.2 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .042 -(ground processes are allo)108 679.2 R .042 -(wed to read from or write to the terminal.)-.25 F .042 -(Background processes which attempt to)5.042 F 1.639 -(read from \(write to\) the terminal are sent a)108 691.2 R F4 1.64 -(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)4.14 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 1.64(signal by the terminal dri) -3.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.44 -.4(r, w).15 H(hich,).4 E -(unless caught, suspends the process.)108 703.2 Q 1.088 -(If the operating system on which)108 720 R F2(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087 -(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 -Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(31)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 32 32 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.8(Ty)108 84 S .301(ping the).8 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically)3.571 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 +(ground processes are allo)108 295.2 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F +2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 +10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 307.2 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F +.718(terminal are sent a)108 319.2 R F4 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 +G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 331.2 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 348 R F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 360 S +.302(ping the).8 F F2(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) +3.572 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 96 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142 -(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F1 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 2.142 -(character \(typically)5.412 F F2(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C(ontrol-Y\)) --4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it attempts to read\ - input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 108 R(to)108 -120 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 372 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 +7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F2 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 384 +R(to)108 396 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 -(background, the)108 132 R F2(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 -(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F2(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F2(^Z) -3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 144 Q .949(fect immediately)-.25 -F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 +F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 +(background, the)108 408 R F3(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 +(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F +F3(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F3(^Z) +3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 420 Q .948(fect immediately)-.25 +F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 156 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 172.8 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 184.8 -Q F1(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F1(n)3.818 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +108 432 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 448.8 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 460.8 +Q F2(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 196.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F2(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 208.8 Q F2(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 -E 5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963 -(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F2(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 -(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F2(%?ce)3.463 E -F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 -(hand, refers to an)108 220.8 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 -(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F2(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 +108 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F3(%ce)3.09 E +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 484.8 Q F3(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 +E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 +(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F3(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 +(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F3(%?ce)3.463 E +F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 +(hand, refers to an)108 496.8 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F3(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 232.8 Q F2 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 508.8 Q F3 (bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 -(he symbols)-5.018 F F2(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F2(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 +(he symbols)-5.018 F F3(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F3(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F -F1(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 244.8 R .495 +F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) +-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 520.8 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.495 E F1(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495 -(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 256.8 R F2<25ad>3.288 E F0 -5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F2 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F2<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E -.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 268.8 R F2 +(The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 +(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 532.8 R F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 +5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F3 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E +.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 544.8 R F3 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 -(and the pre)108 280.8 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F2<ad>2.911 E F0 -5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 +-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F3(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) +108 556.8 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F3<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 +(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 292.8 Q(.)-.4 E .443 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 309.6 R -(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) --.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C -(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -321.6 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F -(equi)108 333.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 350.4 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) -5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 362.4 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G -.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 -(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F2<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157 -(option to)2.657 F(the)108 374.4 Q F2(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G -1.451(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452 -(reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15 -(ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)3.952 E -F0(is)3.702 E -.15(exe)108 386.4 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E -(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 403.2 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash) -2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 -G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F2(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 -(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 415.2 R F2 -(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 -(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -427.2 R(The)5.459 E F2(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) -5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 439.2 R .604 +(rent job)108 568.8 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 585.6 R +(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +597.6 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F +(equi)108 609.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 626.4 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F3(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 638.4 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F3<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 650.4 Q F3(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G +1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F3(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451 +(reports such changes immediately)3.952 F 6.451(.A)-.65 G 1.751 -.15 +(ny t)-6.451 H 1.451(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)3.951 E F0(is)3.701 E -.15 +(exe)108 662.4 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .032 +(If an attempt to e)108 679.2 R(xit)-.15 E F3(bash)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft) +-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F3(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 691.2 R F3 +(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F3(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 +(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +703.2 R(The)5.458 E F3(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) +5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 715.2 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 451.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 468 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 480 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,) --.65 E F2(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3 -(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825 -(and the secondary prompt)108 492 R F3(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F2(Bash)6.826 E -F0(allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ +(and an)108 727.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(32)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 33 33 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 84 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644 +(When e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.144 E F0 .645 +(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)3.145 E F0 +.645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826 +(and the secondary prompt)108 108 R F3(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F2(Bash)6.825 E +F0(allo)4.325 E 1.825(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\ - are)108 504 R(decoded as follo)108 516 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 528 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F2(\\d)144 540 Q F0 + are)108 120 R(decoded as follo)108 132 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 144 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F2(\\d)144 156 Q F0 (the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 552 Q F1(format)A F2(})A F0(the)180 564 -Q F1(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F1(strftime)3.926 E F0 -1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B -(empty)180 576 Q F1(format)2.5 E F0 +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 168 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)A +F2(})A F0(the)180 180 Q F4(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F +F4(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427 +(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 +192 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F2(\\e)144 588 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F2(\\h)144 600 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 612 Q F0 -(the hostname)25.44 E F2(\\j)144 624 Q F0 +(The braces are required)5 E F2(\\e)144 204 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F2(\\h)144 216 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 228 Q F0 +(the hostname)25.44 E F2(\\j)144 240 Q F0 (the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F2(\\l)144 -636 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) --2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F2(\\n)144 648 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2 -(\\r)144 660 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F2(\\s)144 672 Q F0 +252 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F2(\\n)144 264 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2 +(\\r)144 276 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F2(\\s)144 288 Q F0 (the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F2($0)2.5 E F0 (\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F2(\\t)144 -684 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F2(\\T)144 -696 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F2(\\@)144 -708 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E(GNU Bash-4.0) -72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(32)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 33 33 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\A)144 84 Q F0 -(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u)144 96 Q F0 -(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 108 Q F0(the v) -28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V) -144 120 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C +300 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F2(\\T)144 +312 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F2(\\@)144 +324 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F2(\\A)144 336 +Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F2(\\u)144 348 Q F0 +(the username of the current user)27.66 E F2(\\v)144 360 Q F0(the v) +28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F2(\\V) +144 372 Q F0(the release of)26 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C (ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\)) --2.5 E F1(\\w)144 132 Q F0 4.288(the current w)26 F 4.288 -(orking directory)-.1 F 6.787(,w)-.65 G(ith)-6.787 E F1($HOME)6.787 E F0 -(abbre)6.787 E 4.287(viated with a tilde \(uses the)-.25 F F1($PR)180 -144 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W) -144 156 Q F0(the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 -E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F1($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.5 E -(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 168 Q F0 -(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1(\\#)144 180 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 192 Q F0 -(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E F1 -(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 204 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F1 -(\\\\)144 216 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 228 Q F0 -(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which coul\ -d be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) -180 240 Q F1(\\])144 252 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) -29.89 E .12(The command number and the history number are usually dif) -108 268.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F -1.585(position in the history list, which may include commands restored\ - from the history \214le \(see)108 280.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST) -4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 292.8 Q .541(w\), while the co\ -mmand number is the position in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546 -(rent shell session.)108 304.8 R .546 -(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 +-2.5 E F2(\\w)144 384 Q F0 .115(the current w)26 F .115 +(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E F3($HOME)2.615 E F0 +(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116 +(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 396 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F2(\\W)144 408 Q F0 +(the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w) +-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) +-.25 E F2(\\!)144 420 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F2 +(\\#)144 432 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F2(\\$)144 +444 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a) +.15 E F2(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F2($)2.5 E(\\)144 456 Q +F4(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F4 +(nnn)2.5 E F2(\\\\)144 468 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F2(\\[) +144 480 Q F0(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters\ +, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F +(control sequence into the prompt)180 492 Q F2(\\])144 504 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)29.89 E .119 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 520.8 R +.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ +n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ +tory \214le \(see)108 532.8 R F3(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(belo)108 544.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ + the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 556.8 R +.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 316.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F --.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 328.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 568.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F2 +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 +F(description of the)108 580.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 345.6 Q F0 .15 +-.25 E F1(READLINE)72 597.6 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 357.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 369.6 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F --.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F1<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208 -(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G -3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 381.6 Q .949 +108 609.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F2 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 621.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F2<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209 +(option to the)3.709 F F2 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G +3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 633.6 Q .95 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F -3.45(Av)5.95 G .95(i-style line editing interf)-3.45 F .95(ace is also) --.1 F -.2(av)108 393.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +3.449(Av)5.949 G .949(i-style line editing interf)-3.449 F .949 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 645.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) --3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 -.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 405.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +-3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 +.85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E +(\(see)108 657.6 Q F3 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 417.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 434.4 Q -F0 .568(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 446.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.067(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -3.067 G .567(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 458.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) --.65 E F2(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 470.4 S .831 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F2(x)3.331 E F0 -3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 -(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 482.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2 -(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 -(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E -(ho)108 523.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) -.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.262 E +(emacs)108 669.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 686.4 Q +F0 .567(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k) +108 698.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.068(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +3.068 G .568(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A +1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 710.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) +-.65 E F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 722.4 S .83 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 +(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 +(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H +.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) +135.965 E(33)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 34 34 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .6(ESC the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F1(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F1(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 96 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F1(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F1(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) +108 124.8 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 535.2 R 1.018 -(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 547.2 Q +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 136.8 R 1.018 +(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line)3.518 E +F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 148.8 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 564 R F2 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 165.6 R F1 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F2 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 576 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F -.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F1 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 177.6 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F1 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 588 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 -(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 189.6 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F +.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 600 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 616.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ -tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 628.8 -R F2(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 640.8 R .196(en from the v) --.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F3(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G -2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +108 201.6 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 218.4 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ +ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 +230.4 R F1(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 242.4 R .196(en from the v) +-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 +-.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F1(~/.inputr)2.696 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 652.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 664.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) -6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 -(lines are ignored.)108 676.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 -(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 688.8 R +nd the k)108 254.4 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 266.4 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) +6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 +(lines are ignored.)108 278.4 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .737 +(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 290.4 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 705.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 307.2 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F1(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 717.6 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) -140.96 E(33)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 34 34 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)-2.65 E -(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 100.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E -(gument)-.18 E(or)108 112.8 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 124.8 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 136.8 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E -2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument) --.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo)108 153.6 R 1.261 -(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G -(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 -E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.76 E -F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 165.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 -(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G -(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 -182.4 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G -2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209(ound to a string that is inserted when the k) --2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 194.4 Q F1(macr) -2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 211.2 Q -(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 223.2 R -.666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 -E F0 .366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 -(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .382(command or the te) -108 235.2 R .383(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 319.2 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 336 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 364.8 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 388.8 +Q F1(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1 +(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) +108 405.6 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F +F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1 +(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 +(,).73 E F1(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 417.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1 +(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G +(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 434.4 R .209(ws k)-.25 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 446.4 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2 +(Readline K)87 463.2 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 475.2 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) +5.366 F .383(command or the te)108 487.2 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) +-.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 (equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853 -(\214ed in one of tw)108 247.2 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 +(\214ed in one of tw)108 499.2 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 (ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 259.2 Q 1.541(When using the form)108 276 R F2 --.1(ke)4.041 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.041 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 511.2 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 528 R F2 +-.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 E F1(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 -(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.842 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.542(pelled out in) -.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 288 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E -(Control-u: uni)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 324 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 336 Q .699(In the abo)108 352.8 R .998 -.15 +(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in) +.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 540 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E +(Control-u: uni)144 564 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 576 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 588 Q .698(In the abo)108 604.8 R .998 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 (is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 364.8 Q F2 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1 -(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 616.8 Q F2 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1 +(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -376.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 393.6 R F2("k)2.556 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) -2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 405.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +628.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 645.6 R F2("k)2.555 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) +2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(denoting an entire k)108 657.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 417.6 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 -(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 429.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 453.6 Q -.15(ve) +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 669.6 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 +(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(are not recognized.)108 681.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 705.6 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 465.6 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 477.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 494.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) -3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 -G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 506.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G -<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 -(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 -(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 523.2 Q F2 -<5c43ad>144 535.2 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F2<5c4dad>144 547.2 Q F0 -(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F2(\\e)144 559.2 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E -F2(\\\\)144 571.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F2(\\")144 583.2 Q F0 -(literal ")27.67 E F2<5c08>144 595.2 Q F0(literal \010)30.44 E(In addit\ -ion to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash \ -escapes is a)108 612 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 624 Q F0 -(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2(\\b)144 636 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F2(\\d)144 -648 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F2(\\f)144 660 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F2(\\n)144 -672 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 684 Q F0(carriage return) -28.78 E F2(\\t)144 696 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F2(\\v)144 708 Q F0 --.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) -140.96 E(34)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 717.6 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 729.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(34)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 96 -Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 -E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5 -(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te) -108 112.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used t\ -o indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 124.8 R -.089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body) -5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F --.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 136.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F -(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 153.6 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 -(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 --.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 165.6 R .345 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046 -(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 177.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 194.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 206.4 -R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F +-.35 E .315(In this e)108 84 R(xample,)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag)3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function) +-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E +(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 .314 +(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 96 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G<ad72>.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 +E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF +(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 112.8 Q F2 +<5c43ad>144 124.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F2<5c4dad>144 136.8 Q F0 +(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F2(\\e)144 148.8 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E +F2(\\\\)144 160.8 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F2(\\")144 172.8 Q F0 +(literal ")27.67 E F2<5c08>144 184.8 Q F0(literal \010)30.44 E(In addit\ +ion to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash \ +escapes is a)108 201.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 213.6 Q +F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2(\\b)144 225.6 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F2 +(\\d)144 237.6 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F2(\\f)144 249.6 Q F0(form feed)29.89 +E F2(\\n)144 261.6 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 273.6 Q F0 +(carriage return)28.78 E F2(\\t)144 285.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F2 +(\\v)144 297.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 309.6 Q +F1(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v) +-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x) +144 321.6 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 +(When entering the te)108 338.4 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ + quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 +(Unquoted te)108 350.4 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F +.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 +362.4 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E +F2(Bash)108 379.2 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 +F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.93 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 391.2 R .346 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F2<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F2(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 403.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(Readline V)87 420 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 432 R +.043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 218.4 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 235.2 Q F2 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 444 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 460.8 Q F1 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 -252 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) --.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v) -108 264 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F -.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 -(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) -2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 -(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -288 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 304.8 Q F0 .011 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 316.8 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 -E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 -(rings the bell.)144 328.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 -3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) --.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A -(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 340.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 352.8 Q F0 .056 -(If set to)144 364.8 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ -s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 376.8 Q -.15 +477.6 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F +(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 +(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) +5.79 E .448(nized v)108 489.6 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F +.448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 +(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) +-.25 F(ti)108 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(\), and "1" are equi).15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 +(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 +(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467(he v)-5.468 F .467 +(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 513.6 S(lues are:) +.25 E F2(bell\255style \(audible\))108 530.4 Q F0 .01 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 542.4 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F2(none) +2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 554.4 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E +F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 +(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F0 +(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 566.4 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(ell.)-2.5 E F2(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 578.4 Q F0 +.055(If set to)144 590.4 R F2(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ +empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 602.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 388.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 400.8 R -F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 412.8 Q F1 -(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 424.8 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 436.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F2(comment\255begin \(`)108 614.4 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 626.4 R +F2(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 638.4 Q F2 +(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F2(#)2.5 E F0 +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F2(completion\255ignor)108 650.4 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 662.4 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ -insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr) -108 448.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ +insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F2(completion\255pr) +108 674.4 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\ - that is displayed)144 460.8 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 472.8 R -1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 484.8 S(lue are replaced with a\ -n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 496.8 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 508.8 R .529 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 520.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F -.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 532.8 R -.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 544.8 S .237 -(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) --.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 556.8 Q F1(con)108 -568.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 580.8 -R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 --.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 -(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 592.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 -F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 604.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(disable\255completion \(Off\)) -108 616.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 628.8 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C -.038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 -(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 640.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 652.8 Q F0 .252 -(Controls whether readline be)144 664.8 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 -F .553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.753 E F0 -(or)2.753 E F2(vi)2.753 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.253 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 676.8 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(enable\255k)108 688.8 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 -(When set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 -(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 712.8 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey) --2.6 G(s.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(35)190.95 -E 0 Cg EP + that is displayed)144 686.4 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 698.4 R +1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 +(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 710.4 S(lue are replaced with a\ +n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 +768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(35)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 -(If set to)144 96 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E -(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)-.15 E(ord completion.) --.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 108 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.492(If set to)144 120 R F1(on)3.992 E F0 -3.992(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at the same lo\ -cation on each history line)-3.992 F(retrie)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0 -(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(0\))108 144 -Q F0 .463(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 156 R -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 -F .462(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F -(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 168 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 180 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 192 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 84 +Q F0 .529(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 96 R +.53(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561 +(erated by the)144 108 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061 +(command. It)3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte) +-3.06 E .56(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782 +(equal to zero.)144 120 R .783(If the number of possible completions is\ + greater than or equal to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25 +(va)144 132 S .237(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237 +(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237 +(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed) +-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 144 Q F1(con)108 156 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G +(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 +3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 +(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) +144 180 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 192 Q F0(\).)A F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 216 R F1 +(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 +(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) +144 228 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 240 Q F0 .253 +(Controls whether readline be)144 252 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.752 E F0 +(or)2.752 E F2(vi)2.752 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.252 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 264 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 276 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 +(When set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 +(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 300 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 312 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +(When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 336 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 348 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 +(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 372 Q +(On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H +2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 384 Q F0(If set to)144 396 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0 +2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 408 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 420 R F1(on) +3.993 E F0 3.993(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.993 F(retrie)144 432 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G +(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history\255size \(0\))108 444 Q F0 .462 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 456 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .463 +(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F +(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 468 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 480 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 492 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 204 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 216 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 228 -Q F0 .227(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \ + ne)144 504 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 516 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 528 +Q F0 .228(If set to)144 540 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \ will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ -rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 252 R -.05 +rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 552 R -.05 (ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F -(synon)144 264 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 276 Q +.957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 F +(synon)144 564 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 576 Q (ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\ -thout subsequently e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 -(ing the character as a command.)144 300 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 -(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.434 E F0 -(and)144 312 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.) -2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 324 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02 -(Set the current readline k)144 336 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F -2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 -(map names is).15 F F2 2.021(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E -.069(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 348 R F0 2.568 -(,a)C(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 -.068(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 360 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +thout subsequently e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934 +(ing the character as a command.)144 600 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 +(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 612 Q F2 +(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) +108 624 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +636 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 648 R F0 2.568(,a)C +(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 +(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 660 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 372 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 384 Q -(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 396 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 672 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 684 Q +(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 696 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 408 Q F0(If set to)144 -420 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) --.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 432 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 -2.675(,c)C .175 +.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(36)185.955 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 37 37 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 84 +Q F0(If set to)144 96 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha) +-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1(*)A +F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 108 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 120 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 456 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 132 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 468 Q F0 .192(This v)144 480 R -.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E 1.024 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 144 Q F0 .193(This v)144 156 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E 1.023 (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion, unless the leading `.) -144 492 R 3.523('i)-.7 G 3.523(ss)-3.523 G 1.023 -(upplied by the user in the)-3.523 F(\214lename to be completed.)144 504 -Q F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .506(If set to)144 528 R F1(On) -3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ -hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 540 Q -(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 552 Q F0 -.809(If set to)144 564 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 -(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A -3.308(ep)-.1 G .808(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-) --3.308 F(tions at a time.)144 576 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 1.318 -(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 -F(order)144 612 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 624 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .873(If set to)144 636 R F1(on)3.373 E F0 3.373(,r)C .872 +144 168 R 3.523('i)-.7 G 3.523(ss)-3.523 G 1.024 +(upplied by the user in the)-3.523 F(\214lename to be completed.)144 180 +Q F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 192 Q F0 .507(If set to)144 204 R F1(On) +3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ +hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 216 Q +(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 228 Q F0 +.808(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 +(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mor)3.308 E +(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F +(tions at a time.)144 252 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 264 Q F0 1.319 +(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 +F(order)144 288 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 300 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .872(If set to)144 312 R F1(on)3.372 E F0 3.372(,r)C .873 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.373 F F1(accept\255line)3.372 E F0(is)3.372 E -.15(exe)144 648 S +-3.372 F F1(accept\255line)3.373 E F0(is)3.373 E -.15(exe)144 324 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 660 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 672 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .478(This alters the def)144 684 R .478(ault beha)-.1 F .478 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .477(If set to)5.477 F F1(on) -2.977 E F0 2.977(,w)C .477(ords which ha)-3.077 F .777 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 336 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 348 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .477(This alters the def)144 360 R .477(ault beha)-.1 F .477 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .478(If set to)5.478 F F1(on) +2.978 E F0 2.978(,w)C .478(ords which ha)-3.078 F .778 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 696 R(bell.)144 708 Q -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(36)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 37 37 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 84 Q -(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 96 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 108 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.922(.I)C -4.422(fs)-6.922 G 1.922(et to)-4.422 F F1(on)4.422 E F0 4.422(,w)C 1.922 -(ords which ha)-4.522 F 2.223 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.923 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 120 R 3.54 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 372 R(bell.)144 384 Q F1 +(sho)108 396 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 408 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 420 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.923(.I)C +4.423(fs)-6.923 G 1.923(et to)-4.423 F F1(on)4.423 E F0 4.423(,w)C 1.923 +(ords which ha)-4.523 F 2.222 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.922 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 432 R 3.539 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 132 Q F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 156 R F1(On) +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 444 Q F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 456 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 468 R +F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 480 Q +2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 +F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 492 R +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 504 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 528 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 -(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 168 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 184.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 196.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 +(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B +(when listing possible completions.)144 540 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 556.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 568.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 208.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(which allo)108 580.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 237.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.963 E +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 592.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 609.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.963 E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on the\ editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .477 -(or the application using readline.)144 249.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(or the application using readline.)144 621.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 261.6 Q F1(mode)144 278.4 Q F0(The) +(are required to isolate it.)144 633.6 Q F1(mode)144 650.4 Q F0(The) 12.67 E F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. This)180 290.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +(mode. This)180 662.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) -3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 302.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 674.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E (d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 -(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 314.4 -Q F1(term)144 331.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 +(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 686.4 +Q F1(term)144 703.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 343.2 R +(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 715.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 355.2 Q F1(=)3.231 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 727.2 Q F1(=)3.231 E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ -minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -367.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(37)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 38 38 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(name before the \214rst)180 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.5 E +F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 384 Q F0(The)180 396 -Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 100.8 Q F0(The)180 +112.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -408 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +124.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 420 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F +180 136.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F .801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 432 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +.396(ci\214c program.)180 148.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 444 Q -(vious w)-.25 E(ord in Bash:)-.1 E F1($if)180 468 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 -(#Q)180 480 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 492 Q F1($endif)180 504 Q($endif)108 -520.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e)-.25 E +(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 160.8 +Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in Bash:)-.1 E F1($if)180 184.8 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 +(#Q)180 196.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 208.8 Q F1($endif)180 220.8 Q($endif) +108 237.6 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e)-.25 E (xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1($else) -108 537.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 +108 254.4 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 (directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 554.4 Q F0 .357 -(This directi)144 566.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 271.2 Q F0 .357 +(This directi)144 283.2 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 578.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 295.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 602.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 619.2 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 631.2 R .834 +($include)144 319.2 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 336 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 348 R .834 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 643.2 Q +.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 360 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 660 R .698 +E .698(Incremental searches be)108 376.8 R .698 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 672 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 388.8 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 684 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 -(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541 -(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) -108 696 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 400.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F +5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 +(acters present in the v)108 412.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 708 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 424.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 720 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ -l search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) -5.097 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(37)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 38 38 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(terminated, the history entry containing the search string becom\ -es the current line.)108 84 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 100.8 T 1.339(nd ot\ -her matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R a\ -s appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108 112.8 -R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 +F .096(mental search.)108 436.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 +(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 448.8 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) +108 465.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 +(search backw)108 477.6 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 (xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 124.8 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 489.6 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 136.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 -E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.) -108 148.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.) -108 165.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 +.54(instance, a)108 501.6 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 +513.6 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 +530.4 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 (ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 177.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 542.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 194.4 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 559.2 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 206.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 -223.2 Q F0 1.392(The follo)108 235.2 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 571.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 588 Q F0 1.392 +(The follo)108 600 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 247.2 R .121 +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 612 R .121 (names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 259.2 Q F1(point)3.411 -E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark) -3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 -(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F2(set\255mark)108 271.2 Q F0 2.5 +(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 624 Q F2(point)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark)3.411 +E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41(db) +.15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 636 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 288 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E -(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 300 Q F0(Mo)144 312 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 324 Q F0(Mo)144 336 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 348 S -(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 360 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 -372 Q F0(Mo)144 384 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E -F2 -.25(fo)108 396 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 408 -Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 652.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 664.8 Q F0(Mo)144 676.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 688.8 Q F0(Mo)144 700.8 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 +Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(38)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 39 39 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)) +.25 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E +(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 +-.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 132 S +(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 144 Q .822 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F +3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 (ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 420 Q F2(backward\255w)108 432 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) --.1 E F0(Mo)144 444 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ters and digits\).)144 156 Q F1(backward\255w)108 168 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 180 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 456 Q F2(shell\255f)108 468 Q -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 480 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 192 Q F1(shell\255f)108 204 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 216 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) .15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) -.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F -(ters.)144 492 Q F2(shell\255backward\255w)108 504 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -516 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +(ters.)144 228 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 240 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 +252 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) .15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 528 Q -F2(clear\255scr)108 540 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 552 R .993 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 264 Q +F1(clear\255scr)108 276 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 288 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 564 Q F2 -.18(re)108 576 +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 300 Q F1 -.18(re)108 312 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -588 Q F2(Commands f)87 604.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 616.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 -(Accept the line re)144 628.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +324 Q F1(Commands f)87 340.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 352.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 +(Accept the line re)144 364.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) 5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 640.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(according to the state of the)144 376.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 652.8 Q F2(pr)108 -664.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 676.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F2(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 688.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 700.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 -E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(38)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 39 39 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 388.8 Q F1(pr)108 +400.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 412.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 424.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 436.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 448.8 Q F0(Mo)144 460.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 472.8 Q F0(Mo)144 484.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 +(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 +(re v)108 496.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 +1.471(Search backw)144 508.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 +(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +(This is an incremental search.)144 520.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 532.8 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 544.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 556.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 568.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) +144 580.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 592.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 604.8 Q +(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 +E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 616.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 +628.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 640.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 652.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ + the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F +(and the point.)144 664.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 +(history\255sear)108 676.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) +144 688.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ +etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 700.8 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(39)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 -84 Q F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G -(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1 -(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G -(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 -132 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 -(Search backw)144 144 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 156 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 168 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 180 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 -F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 -F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 192 Q F1(non\255incr)108 -204 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E -(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 216 R .164(ar\ -d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ -tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 228 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E -(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 240 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) --.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 252 R -1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ -ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 264 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 -276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 288 R .249(a\ -rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ -f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 300 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 312 Q -(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 324 R .951(ard through t\ -he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ -t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 336 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) -5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 348 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 -.622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 360 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 -(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 372 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 -(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 -(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 384 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 -(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) --2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 396 R .281(vious command.) --.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 408 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 420 Q +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(yank\255nth\255ar)108 84 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 96 R .622 +(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 +108 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F +F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794 +(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 120 Q .292 +(vious command be)-.25 F .292(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F +2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +-.18(rg).15 G .291(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B +.291(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 132 R .281 +(vious command.)-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 +E F0 .281(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 144 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 156 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 432 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 168 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 (vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 444 S .735(th an ar).4 F .735 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 180 S .735(th an ar).4 F .735 (gument, beha)-.18 F 1.035 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .735(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.736(.S)C(uccessi)-5.736 E 1.036 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .736(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)3.236 E (g)-.1 E F0(mo)3.236 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .728 -(back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 456 R .728 +(back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 192 R .728 (gument of each line in turn.)-.18 F .728(The history e)5.728 F(xpan-) --.15 E .14(sion f)144 468 R .14(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .14 +-.15 E .14(sion f)144 204 R .14(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .14 (xtract the last ar)-.15 F .14(gument, as if the "!$" history e)-.18 F -.14(xpansion had been speci-)-.15 F(\214ed.)144 480 Q F1 -(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 492 Q F0 .623 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 504 R .622 +.14(xpansion had been speci-)-.15 F(\214ed.)144 216 Q F1 +(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 228 Q F0 .623 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 240 R .622 (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 516 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 252 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 528 Q F0 .938 -(Perform history e)144 540 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 264 Q F0 .938 +(Perform history e)144 276 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 552 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 564 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 576 R 1.627 +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 288 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 300 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 312 R 1.627 (xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 (HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 588 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 600 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 612 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(belo)144 324 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 336 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 348 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 624 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 636 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 648 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 660 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 672 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 360 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 372 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 384 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 396 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 408 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 684 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 420 Q F0 .948 +(Accept the current line for e)144 432 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F -(history for editing.)144 708 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(ument is ignored.).18 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E -(39)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 40 40 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 84 Q F0(In)144 -96 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(history for editing.)144 444 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(ument is ignored.).18 E F1 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 456 Q F0(In)144 +468 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 108 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR) --.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0 -(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 -E F1(Commands f)87 124.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 136.8 Q F0 .358 -(Delete the character at point.)144 148.8 R .358(If point is at the be) +(attempts to in)144 480 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL) +-.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0 +(and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) +-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 496.8 Q(or Changing T) +-.25 E(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 508.8 Q F0 .358 +(Delete the character at point.)144 520.8 R .358(If point is at the be) 5.358 F .358(ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F -(line, and the last character typed w)144 160.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.) -A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 172.8 Q F0 .552 -(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 184.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 +(line, and the last character typed w)144 532.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E +F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.) +A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 544.8 Q F0 .552 +(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 556.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 (hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F -.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 196.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 208.8 S +.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 568.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 580.8 S (rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 220.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 592.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 232.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 244.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 -256.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 604.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 616.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +628.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 -(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 268.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 280.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 292.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 304.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 316.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 328.8 Q F0 .322 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 340.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 640.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 652.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 664.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 676.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 688.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 700.8 Q F0 .322 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 712.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 (ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -352.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 364.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E -.3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 376.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -388.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) --2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 400.8 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 412.8 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 -424.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 436.8 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 448.8 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 460.8 Q 1.648 +724.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(40)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 41 41 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(ar)144 84 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G +-.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(transpose\255w)108 96 Q +(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 108 R .024 +(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)-.1 F .023 +(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w)-2.523 F +.023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 120 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 132 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 144 +R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 156 S(rd, b).1 E +(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 168 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 180 Q 1.648 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 472.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 484.8 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 -496.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 508.8 S(rd, b) -.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 -520.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 532.8 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 192 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 204 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 216 +R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 228 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 240 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 252 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 544.8 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 --.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 556.8 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi) -4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) -4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968 -(mode. In)144 568.8 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468 -(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 -1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958 -(pushing the te)144 580.8 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 -(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 -.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 592.8 -Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -609.6 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 621.6 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 633.6 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 645.6 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 657.6 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 669.6 Q F0(Kill backw)144 681.6 +(Wi)144 264 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 +(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) +-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 276 Q F1 +(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G +1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G +(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 +288 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 +(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 +(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 300 R .958 +(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 +(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 +F(before point with a space.)144 312 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 328.8 Q +(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 340.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 +352.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 364.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 376.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 388.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 400.8 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 693.6 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 412.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -705.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(40)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 41 41 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 -.728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 +424.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 436.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 448.8 R .729 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 460.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 132 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 -E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 144 Q +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 472.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 484.8 Q(ord behind point.) +-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 496.8 Q (ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 508.8 R .728 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 168 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 520.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 180 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 192 R 3.025 -(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 +108 532.8 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 544.8 R +3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 204 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 216 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 228 R .365 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 556.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 568.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 580.8 R .365 (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 -264 R .166 +592.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 604.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w) +144 616.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 276 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 628.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 288 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 300 Q F1(kill\255r)108 312 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 324 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 336 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 348 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E -(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 -G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 -E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 384 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 408 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F -2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 -G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 -(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 432 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 444 S -(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 456 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 468 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 640.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 652.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +664.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 676.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 688.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E +F0(Cop)144 700.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 +768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(41)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 42 42 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(copy\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 +(Cop)144 96 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301 +(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 +G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-) +4.8 E(ward\255w)144 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 120 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 132 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007 +(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 +F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G +(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 156 Q F0 -1 +(Ya)144 168 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 180 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 192 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 484.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 496.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 208.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 220.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 508.8 R .641 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 232.8 R .641 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-) --.15 E(ati)144 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 -(uni)108 532.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 -(This is another w)144 544.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 +-.15 E(ati)144 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 +(uni)108 256.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 +(This is another w)144 268.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 (gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -556.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -568.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +280.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +292.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 304.8 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243 -(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 592.8 R .243 +(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 316.8 R .243 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 604.8 Q .378 +-.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 328.8 Q .378 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F -.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 616.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) +.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 340.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) -2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1 -(Completing)87 633.6 Q(complete \(T)108 645.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 657.6 R 1.137 +(Completing)87 357.6 Q(complete \(T)108 369.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 381.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .533(xt as a v) +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 393.6 Q .533(xt as a v) -.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F .532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 681.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +144 405.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 693.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 705.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(41)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 42 42 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 84 Q -F0 .783(Insert all completions of the te)144 96 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 417.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 429.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 441.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 453.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 465.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 108 -Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 132 R F1 -(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929 -(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194 -(possible completions.)144 144 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 +477.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 489.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 +501.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F +1.194(possible completions.)144 513.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 156 R .828 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 525.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 168 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 -(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 -(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E -F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 180 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +(\(subject to the setting of)144 537.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F +.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 549.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 192 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 -E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 204 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 216 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) -2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -240 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 252 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 264 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 276 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 288 Q +E(through the list.)144 561.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete-)108 573.6 Q(w)10 I(k)-7.22 -10 M(c) +-5.56 -10 M(rd)2.78 10 M F0 .82(Identical to)144 585.6 R F1 +(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 +(menu\255complete)144 597.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) +.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 609.6 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 621.6 R +.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) +2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 633.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 +(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 645.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 657.6 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 669.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 681.6 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 693.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 300 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 312 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 324 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 336 Q +(complete\255user)108 705.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 717.6 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 +Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(42)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 43 43 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(possible\255user)108 84 Q +(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 96 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -348 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 360 Q +108 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 120 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 372 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 384 Q +(possible\255v)108 132 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 144 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 396 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 408 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 156 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 168 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 420 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 432 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 180 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 192 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 444 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 456 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 468 R +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 204 Q F0 .58 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 216 R .581 +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 +(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 228 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 480 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 240 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 492 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 504 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 252 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 264 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 516 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 528 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 276 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 288 R .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1(dab)108 552 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 564 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 +(for possible completion matches.)144 300 Q F1(dab)108 312 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 324 R .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 576 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 588 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 336 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 348 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 600 R(the list is a)144 612 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 360 R(the list is a)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 628.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 640.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 652.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 388.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 400.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 412.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 664.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 676.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 424.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 436.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 700.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 712.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(42)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 43 43 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S -<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) --.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R -5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 168 Q(case\255v) --.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 -E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.256 E F0 1.755 -(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 448.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 460.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ +ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 472.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(Miscellaneous)87 489.6 Q -.18(re)108 501.6 S<ad72>.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 +(Read in the contents of the)144 513.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb) +-.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F +(found there.)144 525.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 537.6 Q F0 3.249 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 549.6 R +5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 +(bell\255style)144 561.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 573.6 Q +(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 585.6 R F2(x) +4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F -(uppercase character)144 192 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 204 Q -(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q +(uppercase character)144 597.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 609.6 Q +(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 621.6 Q (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F -3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E +(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 633.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 645.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 657.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 669.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 +F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q -(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 312 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(return the line to its initial state.)144 681.6 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 693.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 705.6 Q +(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(43)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 44 44 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 84 +Q F0(Set the mark to the point.)144 96 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 -348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 108 Q F0(Sw)144 +120 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) -144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 384 S -.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) +144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 144 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 156 S +.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 420 S 1.044 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +144 168 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 180 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 192 S 1.043 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 -(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 444 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 456 S .48 -(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)-.18 F .481 -(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va) -2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 468 Q .098 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.098 F .097 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.097 E -.321(the characters at the be)144 480 R .321 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 204 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence \(\))108 216 Q F0 1.827 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 228 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 240 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 +(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F +.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 252 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ +y characters into the editing b)144 264 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 276 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 +288 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 300 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 +(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 312 Q .097 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.097 F .098 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.098 E +.322(the characters at the be)144 324 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 492 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 504 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 516 Q F0 .84 -(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 528 Q -.15 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) +-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 336 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 348 R 1.468 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F +1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 360 Q F0 .839 +(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 372 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 540 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 552 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 564 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 384 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 396 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 408 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\ -ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 576 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .372(The w)144 588 R .372 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .371 +ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 420 Q +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 432 R .372 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .372 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 600 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 444 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 612 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 624 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 636 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 456 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 468 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 480 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 648 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 492 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 660 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 672 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 684 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) -5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 696 Q -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E F2(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(43)190.95 -E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 44 44 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255v)108 84 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 1.799 -(Print all of the settable readline v)144 96 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 108 R .304 +(ex)144 504 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 516 Q F0 .626 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 528 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) +5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 540 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 552 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 564 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 576 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -144 120 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 132 Q(os)-.18 E -F0 .592(Print all of the readline k)144 144 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 156 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 588 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 600 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 +(Print all of the readline k)144 612 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G +3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 624 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 168 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 180 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 192 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 636 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 648 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 660 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 208.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 -220.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 676.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 +688.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 232.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 700.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 244.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .333 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 261.6 R .334 -(If a compspec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is) -5.333 F .587 -(used to generate the list of possible completions for the w)108 273.6 R -3.087(ord. If)-.1 F .587(the command w)3.087 F .586 -(ord is a full pathname, a)-.1 F 1.18 -(compspec for the full pathname is searched for \214rst.)108 285.6 R -1.181(If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an)6.181 F -(attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the portion follo)108 297.6 Q -(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it\ - is used to generate the list of matching w)108 314.4 R 3.317(ords. If) --.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 -326.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E -.463(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 343.2 -R .464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 355.2 R .596 +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 712.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 729.6 R .498 +(If the command w)5.498 F .497 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 +768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(44)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 45 45 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .233(the be)108 84 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F +2.733(yc)-.15 G .233(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to)2.733 F F1(complete) +2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-)5.234 F .481(spec has \ +been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is used to generate the l\ +ist of possible completions)108 96 R .822(for the w)108 108 R 3.322 +(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F .823(ord is a full pathname, \ +a compspec for the full pathname is searched for)-.1 F 2.867 +(\214rst. If)108 120 R .366(no compspec is found for the full pathname,\ + an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the portion)2.867 F(follo) +108 132 Q .421(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .422 +(If those searches to not result in a compspec, an)5.421 F 2.922(yc)-.15 +G .422(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.922 F F1<ad44>2.922 E F0(option to) +108 144 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817 +(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of mat\ +ching w)108 160.8 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 172.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 +E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 189.6 R +.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 201.6 R .596 (When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 367.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 384 Q 2.585(yc)-.15 G -.085(ompletions speci\214ed by a \214lename e)-2.585 F .085 -(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>2.585 E F0 .085 -(option are generated ne)2.585 F 2.585(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)2.585 G -(rds).1 E .844(generated by the pattern need not match the w)108 396 R -.844(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.844 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.343 E F0 -.843(shell v)3.093 F .843(ariable is)-.25 F -(not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 408 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3(FIGNORE) -2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 424.8 Q .32 -(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F F1 -<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 +(shell v)108 213.6 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E +F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 230.4 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 +G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 +(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 242.4 S +.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 +(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 254.4 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 271.2 Q +.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F +F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 (The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 436.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 +108 283.2 R F2(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F .412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 448.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(using brace e)108 295.2 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 (xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 -460.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +307.2 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -472.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 +319.2 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 (rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 484.8 Q +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 331.2 Q (ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 -(After these matches ha)108 501.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 +(After these matches ha)108 348 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 (een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 (hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F1<ad46>3.737 E -F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 513.6 R -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 +F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 360 R -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 525.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 +(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2 +(COMP_KEY)108 372 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 (va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 (alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 (Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 -537.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 +384 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 (riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .609 -(the function or command is in)108 549.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 +(the function or command is in)108 396 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar) -.18 F .608(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 -561.6 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 +408 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 (ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F -.073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 573.6 R .607 +.073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 420 R .607 (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607 -(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 585.6 Q .093 +(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 432 Q .093 (ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\ or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108 -597.6 Q(An)108 614.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +444 Q(An)108 460.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) -2.938 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 626.4 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 472.8 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 (og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 -638.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 655.2 Q .081 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 +484.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 501.6 Q .081 (xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08 (ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858 -(stitution. It)108 667.2 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ +(stitution. It)108 513.6 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ per line, to the standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used) -5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 679.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 696 R +5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 525.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E +.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 542.4 R 2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876 -E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 708 R +E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 554.4 R .681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 (xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 -(the w)108 720 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G +(the w)108 566.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G (iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(44)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 45 45 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .849(attempting a match.)108 84 R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 578.4 +R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 96 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 +(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 590.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(d.).15 E(Finally)108 112.8 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H +(d.).15 E(Finally)108 607.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 <ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587 (options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\ the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \ -possible completions.)108 124.8 Q .246(If the pre)108 141.6 R .247 +possible completions.)108 619.2 Q .246(If the pre)108 636 R .247 (viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247 (atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 -(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 153.6 Q F0 +(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 648 Q F0 (when the compspec w)2.5 E (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 170.4 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +(If the)108 664.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 182.4 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 676.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 199.2 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(By def)108 693.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 211.2 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +.632(of possible completions.)108 705.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 223.2 R +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 717.6 R .558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) 3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 235.2 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 729.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 (e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 247.2 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 -1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -259.2 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) -2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 276 R .632(tions force r\ -eadline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links t\ -o directories, subject)108 288 R 2.762(to the v)108 300 R 2.762 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(45)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 46 46 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(default)108 84 Q F0 1.207(option w)3.706 F +1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207 +(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707 +(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 96 Q +(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E +.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ +d, the programmable completion func-)108 112.8 R .632(tions force readl\ +ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ +rectories, subject)108 124.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 136.8 R 2.762 (alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 (readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 312 Q -(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E/F2 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 328.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371 -(When the)108 340.8 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 -(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .032 -(the list of commands pre)108 352.8 R .031(viously typed.)-.25 F .031 -(The v)5.031 F .031(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)2.531 E F0 -.25(va) -2.531 G .031(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .429 -(mands to sa)108 364.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 -(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F/F4 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43 -(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E -.287(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v) -108 376.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP) -2.787 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 -388.8 S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 148.8 +Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E +.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +165.6 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +(tion with a def)108 177.6 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F +F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 +(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 +F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ + by returning an e)108 189.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) +5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\ +ed with the command on which completion is)108 201.6 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 213.6 R .666 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F 1.139(restarts from the be)108 +225.6 R 1.139 +(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a compspec for that command.)-.15 F +1.139(This allo)6.139 F 1.138(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 +237.6 Q(uilt dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being \ +loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15(Fo)108 254.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F +.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F +(the command, the follo)108 266.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 +E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 283.2 Q({)108 295.2 Q 6 +(.")144 307.2 S +(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 +319.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader)108 331.2 Q/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 360 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372(When the)108 +372 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372(option to the)2.872 F F1 +(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F +.371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371 +(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304(the list of commands pre)108 384 R +.304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305 +(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .43(mands to sa)108 396 R +.73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te) +5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429 +(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929 +(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 +(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 +408 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 420 S +4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 -(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F4(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.816 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 400.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0 .082 +(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 +(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 432 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 417.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 -E F3(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -429.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F4(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +108 448.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +460.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .532 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 441.6 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F4 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.032 E F5(.)A F0 .532 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 472.8 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.032 E F6(.)A F0 .532 (When the history \214le is read, lines be)5.032 F .532 -(ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.158(tory comment character follo)108 -453.6 R 1.159(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ -for the preceding)-.25 F .053(history line.)108 465.6 R .053 -(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.053 F -.052(alue of the)-.25 F F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.552 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) -108 477.6 S 4.386(riable. When).25 F 1.886(an interacti)4.386 F 2.187 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.887(hell e).15 F 1.887(xits, the last)-.15 F F4 +(ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.159(tory comment character follo)108 +484.8 R 1.158(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ +for the preceding)-.25 F .052(history line.)108 496.8 R .053 +(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.052 F +.053(alue of the)-.25 F F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.553 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) +108 508.8 S 4.387(riable. When).25 F 1.887(an interacti)4.387 F 2.187 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.887(hell e).15 F 1.887(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 ($HISTSIZE)4.387 E F0 1.887(lines are copied from the history list to) -4.137 F F4($HISTFILE)108 489.6 Q F5(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F1 +4.137 F F5($HISTFILE)108 520.8 Q F6(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F1 (histappend)2.556 E F0 .056 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F1(shopt)2.556 -E F0(under)2.556 E F4 .056(SHELL B)2.556 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E -(COMMANDS)108 501.6 Q F0(belo)2.671 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ +E F0(under)2.556 E F5 .056(SHELL B)2.556 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E +(COMMANDS)108 532.8 Q F0(belo)2.672 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ to the history \214le, otherwise the history \214le is o)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.922(rwritten. If).15 F F4(HISTFILE)108 513.6 Q F0 1.114(is uns\ -et, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)3.364 -F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.614(d. If).15 F(the)3.614 E F5 -.225(va)3.613 G 1.113 -(riable is set, time).225 F 1.251 -(stamps are written to the history \214le, mark)108 525.6 R(ed)-.09 E F0 -1.252(with the history comment character)3.502 F 3.752(,s)-.4 G 3.752 -(ot)-3.752 G(he)-3.752 E 3.752(ym)-.15 G 1.252(ay be preserv)-3.752 F -(ed)-.15 E .105(across shell sessions.)108 537.6 R .105(This uses the h\ -istory comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history) -5.105 F 2.604(lines. After)108 549.6 R(sa)2.604 E .104(ving the history) --.2 F 2.604(,t)-.65 G .104 -(he history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)-2.604 F F4 -(HISTFILESIZE)2.605 E F0 2.605(lines. If)2.355 F F4(HISTFILESIZE)108 -561.6 Q F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.294(The b) -108 578.4 R 1.294(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)3.794 E F0(\(see)3.794 E F4 -1.293(SHELL B)3.794 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.543 E 1.293(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe) -108 590.4 S .673(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E +-.15 G 2.921(rwritten. If).15 F F5(HISTFILE)108 544.8 Q F0 .435(is unse\ +t, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)2.684 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.935(d. If).15 F(the)2.935 E F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.935 E(T) +-.855 E F0 -.25(va)108 556.8 S .917 +(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 +F .916(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 3.416(,s)-.4 G(o) +-3.416 E(the)108 568.8 Q 3.082(ym)-.15 G .582(ay be preserv)-3.082 F +.582(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F .583 +(This uses the history comment character to distinguish time-)5.583 F +.987(stamps from other history lines.)108 580.8 R .987(After sa)5.987 F +.987(ving the history)-.2 F 3.486(,t)-.65 G .986 +(he history \214le is truncated to contain no more)-3.486 F(than)108 +592.8 Q F5(HISTFILESIZE)2.5 E F0 2.5(lines. If)2.25 F F5(HISTFILESIZE) +2.5 E F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.293(The b)108 +609.6 R 1.293(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)3.793 E F0(\(see)3.793 E F5 +1.293(SHELL B)3.793 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) +3.543 E 1.294(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe) +108 621.6 S .674(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .28 -(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 602.4 R .279 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .279 +(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 633.6 R .279 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.279 F -.25(va) --.2 G .279(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 614.4 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 631.2 -R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +-.2 G .28(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 645.6 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 662.4 +R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 643.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G -.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F1 -(cmdhist)108 655.2 Q F0 .75 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 674.4 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F1 +(cmdhist)108 686.4 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 667.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 698.4 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 679.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 691.2 R F1(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 -(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F4 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 -(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -703.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(45)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 46 46 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 710.4 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 +(description of the)108 722.4 R F1(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 +(for information on setting and)2.568 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(46)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 84 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G -(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 96 -R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 -(xpansion in)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611 -(This section)5.611 F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 108 +-.35 E(unsetting shell options.)108 84 Q/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST) +72 100.8 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 +(The shell supports a history e)108 112.8 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 +(xpansion in)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61 +(This section)5.61 F .87(describes what syntax features are a)108 124.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def) -3.371 F .87(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87 -(hells, and).15 F 2.013(can be disabled using the)108 120 R F2(+H)4.514 -E F0 2.014(option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F -(UIL)-.09 E 2.014(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 132 Q 2.5 +3.371 F .871(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871 +(hells, and).15 F 2.014(can be disabled using the)108 136.8 R F2(+H) +4.514 E F0 2.014(option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G +2.014(iltin command \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 +F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 148.8 Q 2.5 (w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H (hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -1.306(History e)108 148.8 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ +1.305(History e)108 165.6 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ -t)-.1 F .209(commands, insert the ar)108 160.8 R .209(guments to a pre) --.18 F .21 +t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 177.6 R .21(guments to a pre) +-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 172.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 -189.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 201.6 S 3.2 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 189.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +206.4 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 218.4 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 213.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ -tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 -(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 225.6 R/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F4(wor) -3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F4(modi\214er)108 237.6 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 -(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 249.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 -(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 -(one w)108 261.6 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 -(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 273.6 Q +3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 230.4 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 +(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 242.4 R/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor) +3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 254.4 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 +(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 +(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F +(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 266.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 +(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 +(one w)108 278.4 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 +(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 290.4 Q F2(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e) --2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 290.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +-2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 302.4 T -3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 319.2 T +3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 314.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 331.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.259(If the)108 343.2 R F2 -(histv)3.759 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.259 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.759 F F2(shopt) -3.759 E F0 -.2(bu)3.759 G 1.259(iltin\), and).2 F F2 -.18(re)3.758 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.258(is being)3.758 F 1.497(used, history substitutio\ -ns are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 355.2 R 6.498(.I) --.55 G 1.498(nstead, the e)-6.498 F 1.498(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228 -(reloaded into the)108 367.2 R F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 -(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F -(If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 -(is being used, and the)4.728 F F2(histr)108 379.2 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 -1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 331.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 348 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 360 R F2 +(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) +3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 372 R 5.46 +(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 +(is reloaded into the)108 384 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515 +(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F +(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 +(is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 396 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202 +(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 391.2 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F2<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161 -(option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 403.2 -S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F2<ad73>2.555 -E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G -.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 415.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 408 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F2<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16 +(option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 420 S +.056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F2<ad73>2.556 E +F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G .055 +(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 432 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 432 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 448.8 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 -444 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 +460.8 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 456 Q F2 -(Ev)87 472.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 472.8 Q F2 +(Ev)87 489.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history li\ -st.).15 E F2(!)108 501.6 Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e) -32.67 F 1.608(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank) -4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607 -(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 513.6 Q F2(extglob) +st.).15 E F2(!)108 518.4 Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e) +32.67 F 1.607(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank) +4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608 +(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 530.4 Q F2(extglob) 2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 525.6 Q F4(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)27.67 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 537.6 Q +(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 542.4 Q F4(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)27.67 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 554.4 Q F4(n)A F0(Refer to the current command line minus)21.97 E F4(n)2.5 E F0 -(.).24 E F2(!!)108 549.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.) --.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 561.6 Q F4 +(.).24 E F2(!!)108 566.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.) +-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 578.4 Q F4 (string)A F0(Refer to the most recent command starting with)9.33 E F4 -(string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 573.6 Q F4(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.022 -(Refer to the most recent command containing)144 585.6 R F4(string)3.522 +(string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 590.4 Q F4(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.022 +(Refer to the most recent command containing)144 602.4 R F4(string)3.522 E F0 6.022(.T).22 G 1.022(he trailing)-6.022 F F2(?)3.522 E F0 1.022 -(may be omitted if)3.522 F F4(string)3.862 E F0(is)3.742 E(follo)144 -597.6 Q(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F5 12/Times-Bold@0 -SF(^)108 614.6 Q F4(string1)-5 I F5(^)5 I F4(string2)-5 I F5(^)5 I F0 -2.63(Quick substitution.)144 621.6 R 2.629 +(may be omitted if)3.522 F F4(string)3.861 E F0(is)3.741 E(follo)144 +614.4 Q(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F5 12/Times-Bold@0 +SF(^)108 631.4 Q F4(string1)-5 I F5(^)5 I F4(string2)-5 I F5(^)5 I F0 +2.629(Quick substitution.)144 638.4 R 2.629 (Repeat the last command, replacing)7.629 F F4(string1)5.469 E F0(with) 5.129 E F4(string2)5.129 E F0 7.629(.E).02 G(qui)-7.629 E -.25(va)-.25 G -2.629(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 633.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F4(string1)A F0(/)A +2.63(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 650.4 S(!!:s/).74 E F4(string1)A F0(/)A F4(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 645.6 Q F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 662.4 Q F0 (The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75 -(Wo)87 662.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 674.4 S 1.313 +(Wo)87 679.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 691.2 S 1.314 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 -(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.53(from the w)108 686.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 +(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.529(from the w)108 703.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F2<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 -(are numbered from the be)108 698.4 R 1.3 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 -F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 710.4 Q -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(46)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 47 47 +-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 +(are numbered from the be)108 715.2 R 1.301 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F +(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 727.2 Q +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(47)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup @@ -5489,10 +5635,10 @@ BP (ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2 (x)108.77 156 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E (ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E -F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 168 Q F0 .316(All of the w)31 F .316(ords b)-.1 -F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `) +F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 168 Q F0 .315(All of the w)31 F .315(ords b)-.1 +F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `) -.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F -F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 180 Q +F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 180 Q (ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 192 Q F0 (Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 204 Q F0 @@ -5500,10 +5646,10 @@ F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 180 Q 2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 220.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 237.6 Q F0 .183 -(After the optional w)108 249.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 -G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F -.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 261.6 Q F1(h) +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 237.6 Q F0 .184 +(After the optional w)108 249.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 +G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F +.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 261.6 Q F1(h) 108 278.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1 (t)108 290.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H @@ -5518,2481 +5664,2539 @@ E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 338.4 Q F0 -.1 E F1(x)108 350.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks) 2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 362.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 374.4 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E -F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 +F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 374.4 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E +F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 (in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721 -(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 +(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 386.4 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 +5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 F .666(be quoted in)144 398.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) 3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 410.4 R -(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 -F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 -(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 410.4 R +(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 +F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774 +(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E (ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 422.4 Q F2(string) 2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 (&)108 434.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 -(g)108 446.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 458.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 -(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 +(g)108 446.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 458.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 +(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 (delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 470.4 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 -(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 482.4 Q F0 -(.)A F1(G)108 494.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 -2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 511.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 523.2 +-.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 +(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 482.4 Q F0(.)A +F1(G)108 494.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 +('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 511.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 523.2 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 535.2 Q F0(accepts)3.8 E F1<adad>3.8 E F0 1.3 -(to signify the end of the options.)3.8 F -.15(Fo)6.3 G 3.8(re).15 G 1.3 -(xample, the)-3.95 F F1(:)3.8 E F0(,)A F1(true)3.8 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.8 -E F0 3.8(,a)C(nd)-3.8 E F1(test)3.8 E F0 -.2(bu)3.8 G 1.3(iltins do not) -.2 F(accept options.)108 547.2 Q F1(:)108 565.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 577.2 R .451 -(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F -2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 589.2 R -(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 606 Q F2 +receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 535.2 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0 +.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E +F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F .078(do not treat)108 547.2 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E +5.077(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.077 E F1(exit)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.577 E F0 +(,)A F1(br)2.577 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(let) +2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1(shift)2.577 E F0 -.2(bu)2.577 G +.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .319(ments be)108 +559.2 R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.819 E F0 .319 +(without requiring)2.819 F F1<adad>2.819 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b) +-5.319 F .319(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .32(guments b)-.18 F .32 +(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.144(accepting options interpret ar) +108 571.2 R 1.144(guments be)-.18 F 1.144(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad> +3.643 E F0 1.143(as in)3.643 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.143 +(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.643 E F0 1.143(to pre)3.643 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 583.2 Q F1(:)108 +601.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 613.2 R +.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F +(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an) +3.222 F 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 +625.2 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 642 Q F2 (\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 -618 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 -(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from) +654 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 +(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 666 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from) .15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.68 -(status of the last command e)144 642 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.68(cuted from) +(status of the last command e)144 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.68(cuted from) .15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2(\214lename)6.09 -E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608(names in)144 654 +E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608(names in)144 690 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608 (are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA) -3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 666 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332 +3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332 (cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832 (posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 (he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 -(\214le is found in)144 678 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +(\214le is found in)144 714 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 690 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 726 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612 -(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 702 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -2.842 F .341(The return status is the)5.341 F .716 -(status of the last command e)144 714 R .716 -(xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 726 Q -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(47)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 48 48 +(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(48)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5 -(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 96 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E -F2(name)144 108 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F -.58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 120 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F2(value) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)144 84 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342 +(the positional parameters are unchanged.)2.842 F .341 +(The return status is the)5.341 F .716(status of the last command e)144 +96 R .716(xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F1(\214lename) +145.91 108 Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 +136.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724(guments or with the)-.18 F F2 +<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724(option prints the list of aliases in the form) +5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E F1(name)144 148.8 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58 +(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 160.8 Q F1(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F1(value) 5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395 (ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054 -(stitution when the alias is e)144 132 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 -(or each)-.15 F F2(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 144 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +(stitution when the alias is e)144 172.8 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 +(or each)-.15 F F1(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 184.8 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 156 Q F1(bg)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 184.8 R -F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 196.8 Q F0 .672 +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 196.8 Q F2(bg)108 213.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +225.6 R F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 237.6 Q F0 .672 (is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 208.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +-3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 +(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +(when job control is disabled or)144 249.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 (hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 220.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F1(bind)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 261.6 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 297.6 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 309.6 R F1 -.18(re) +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 261.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F2(bind)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad71>-2.5 E F1 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2<ad72>-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 302.4 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad66>2.5 E F1 +(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad78>2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 +(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 +(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 338.4 Q F1 -.37(re)2.5 G +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 350.4 R F2 -.18(re) 2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 (nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 321.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 362.4 R F2 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 333.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 +.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F1 +(.inputr)144 374.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 (ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F .483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 345.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 -357.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 369.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 386.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6d>144 +398.4 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 410.4 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.158 G (ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) .15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 381.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 +F1 -.1(ke)180 422.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F1 3.193 (emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 393.6 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F2(vi\255insert) -4.429 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.929(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 -1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F2 -(emacs\255standar)180 405.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 417.6 Q F0 -(List the names of all)27.52 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 429.6 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 +(vi\255command)180 434.4 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F1(vi\255insert) +4.429 E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.929(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F1(emacs)4.429 E F0 +1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F1 +(emacs\255standar)180 446.4 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2<ad6c>144 458.4 Q F0 +(List the names of all)27.52 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F2<ad70>144 470.4 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 441.6 -Q F0(List current)24.19 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 453.6 Q F0(Display)26.41 -E F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad50>144 482.4 +Q F0(List current)24.19 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2<ad73>144 494.4 Q F0(Display)26.41 +E F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 465.6 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 477.6 Q -F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 506.4 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad53>144 518.4 Q +F0(Display)24.74 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) -.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G -(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 489.6 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(utput.)-2.5 E F2<ad76>144 530.4 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G (adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 501.6 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F1 +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad56>144 542.4 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 513.6 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -525.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F1<ad71>144 537.6 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 549.6 Q +(alues.)-.25 E F2<ad66>144 554.4 Q F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 +566.4 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A +F2<ad71>144 578.4 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 590.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 561.6 Q F2(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 573.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 585.6 Q -F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 597.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 --.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A F1<ad78>144 609.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 621.6 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 +(he named).1 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2<ad75>144 602.4 Q F1(function) +2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 614.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G +(ound to the named)-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2<ad72>144 626.4 Q +F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 +-.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 +(.)A F2<ad78>144 650.4 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1 +(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 662.4 Q F1(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 633.6 Q F0 1.113(is e) -3.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.113(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F F1 -(READLINE_LINE)3.613 E F0 -.25(va)3.613 G 1.113 -(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 645.6 S(adline).18 E -F0 .586(line b)3.086 F(uf)-.2 E .586(fer and the)-.25 F F1 -(READLINE_POINT)3.087 E F0 -.25(va)3.087 G .587 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 1.241(insertion point.)180 -657.6 R 1.241(If the e)6.241 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.241 -(cuted command changes the v).15 F 1.241(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(READLINE_LINE)3.741 E F0(or)3.74 E F1(READLINE_POINT)180 669.6 Q F0 2.5 -(,t)C(hose ne)-2.5 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G +-.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F +(When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 674.4 Q F0 1.765(is e) +4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 +(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 -.18(re)180 686.4 S(adline).18 E +F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 +698.4 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 +(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 710.4 Q/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E(The return v) -144 686.4 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +144 727.2 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 703.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 -(Exit from within a)144 715.2 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 -(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 -(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 -(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F3 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 -E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 727.2 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 -(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 -Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(48)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 49 49 +E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(49)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(is 0 unless)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.5 E F0 -(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.2(bu) -108 100.8 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 112.8 Q .792 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(br)108 84 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .054(Exit from within a)144 96 R F1 -.25 +(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 +2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n) +2.555 E F0 .055(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 108 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(i\ +s greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e) +2.955 F 2.714(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E +(is 0 unless)144 120 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.) +2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)108 136.8 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E +F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 148.8 Q .792 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -124.8 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -136.8 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 +160.8 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +172.8 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 148.8 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 177.6 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 184.8 Q(alse if)-.1 +E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 213.6 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F2(sour)144 189.6 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.062 G 3.062(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 -(ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)3.062 E F0 .562 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 225.6 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.062 G 3.062(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)3.062 E F0 .562 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)3.062 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 201.6 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 +.254(subroutine call.)144 237.6 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 (displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 213.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 -(This e)144 225.6 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 +ent e)144 249.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 +(This e)144 261.6 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 (xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -3.019(0. The)144 237.6 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +3.019(0. The)144 273.6 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 -(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 249.6 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255L|-P)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21 -(Change the current directory to)144 278.4 R F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C -.21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21 -(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v) --5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .776 -(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 290.4 R F1 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 285.6 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 302.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255L|-P)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21 +(Change the current directory to)144 314.4 R F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C +.21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21 +(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v) +-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .776 +(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 326.4 R F2 (dir)3.276 E F0 5.777(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.777 E 1.077 -.15(ve d)-.25 H -.777(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.277 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 302.4 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764 -(ull directory name in)-3.264 F F3(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E -F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 314.4 Q 2.973 -(,i)-.65 G .473(.e., `)-2.973 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.473(.I) -.74 G(f)-5.473 E F1(dir)3.323 E F0(be)3.703 E .474 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .474(is not used. The)2.724 F F2<ad50>2.974 E F0 .474 -(option says to use)2.974 F .58(the ph)144 326.4 R .58 +.777(irectory names in).15 F F4(CDP)3.277 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 338.4 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764 +(ull directory name in)-3.264 F F4(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E +F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 350.4 Q 2.973 +(,i)-.65 G .473(.e., `)-2.973 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.473(.I) +.74 G(f)-5.473 E F2(dir)3.323 E F0(be)3.703 E .474 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F4(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F0 .474(is not used. The)2.724 F F1<ad50>2.974 E F0 .474 +(option says to use)2.974 F .58(the ph)144 362.4 R .58 (ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579 -(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F2<ad50>3.079 E F0 .579 -(option to the)3.079 F F2(set)144 338.4 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F2<ad4c>3.383 E F0 .884 +(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.079 E F0 .579 +(option to the)3.079 F F1(set)144 374.4 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>3.383 E F0 .884 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)3.384 F 3.384(wed. An)-.25 F -(ar)3.384 E .884(gument of)-.18 F F2<ad>3.384 E F0(is)3.384 E(equi)144 -350.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .063(lent to).25 F F3($OLDPWD)2.563 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .063(If a non-empty directory name from)4.563 F -F2(CDP)2.562 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .062(is used, or if)2.562 F F2 -<ad>2.562 E F0 .062(is the \214rst)2.562 F(ar)144 362.4 Q .116(gument, \ -and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne) --.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F 1.165 -(tory is written to the standard output.)144 374.4 R 1.164(The return v) +(ar)3.384 E .884(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.384 E F0(is)3.384 E(equi)144 +386.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .316(lent to).25 F F4($OLDPWD)2.816 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .316(If a non-empty directory name from)4.816 F +F4(CDP)2.815 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .315(is used, or if)2.565 F +F1<ad>2.815 E F0 .315(is the \214rst)2.815 F(ar)144 398.4 Q .116(gument\ +, and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the \ +ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F 1.165 +(tory is written to the standard output.)144 410.4 R 1.164(The return v) 6.164 F 1.164(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.164 -(as successfully)-.1 F(changed; f)144 386.4 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2 -(command)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0 -([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 415.2 Q F1(command)2.956 -E F0(with)3.527 E F1(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 +(as successfully)-.1 F(changed; f)144 422.4 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 +(command)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 451.2 Q F2(command)2.956 +E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257 -(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 427.2 R F3 +(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 463.2 R F4 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 -(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F2<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.201 E F0(is) -3.771 E .231(performed using a def)144 439.2 R .231(ault v)-.1 F .231 -(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.74(PA)2.731 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .231 -(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.731 F(If) -5.232 E .175(either the)144 451.2 R F2<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F2 -<ad76>2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F1 -(command)2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F2<ad76>2.674 E -F0 .174(option causes)2.674 F 3.11(as)144 463.2 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F -.61(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F -F2<ad56>144 475.2 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F2<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 487.2 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E F0(is) +3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 475.2 R .399(ault v)-.1 F .399 +(alue for)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) +5.4 E .175(either the)144 487.2 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76> +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.11(as)144 499.2 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F .61 +(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F F1 +<ad56>144 511.2 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 523.2 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 (wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 -(command)144.2 499.2 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 +(command)144.2 535.2 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 511.2 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 -(compgen)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 540 R F1 -(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 E +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 547.2 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 +(compgen)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 576 R F2 +(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 552 R F2(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 564 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F -F2<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F2<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) +(accepted by the)144 588 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 600 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F +F1<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F1<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) 3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 -F(grammable completion f)144 576 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 +F(grammable completion f)144 612 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 600 R .352 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 636 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -612 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 -F(those completions matching)144 624 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 648 Q +648 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 +F(those completions matching)144 660 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 684 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 -(complete)108 664.8 Q F0([)3.034 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.034(][)C -F2<ad6f>-3.034 E F1(comp-option)3.034 E F0 3.034(][)C F2<ad45>-3.034 E -F0 3.033(][)C F2<ad41>-3.033 E F1(action)3.033 E F0 3.033(][)C F2<ad47> --3.033 E F1(globpat)3.033 E F0 3.033(][)C F2<ad57>-3.033 E F1(wor)3.033 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.033(][)C F2<ad46>-3.033 E F1(function)3.033 E F0(])A -([)108 676.8 Q F2<ad43>A F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 688.8 Q F2<ad58>A -F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 -E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 -E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 700.8 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2<ad45>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634 -(Specify ho)144 712.8 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 -(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 -F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 -724.8 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 -F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(49)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 50 50 +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 +(complete)108 700.8 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C +F1<ad6f>-3.729 E F2(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.729 E +F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad47> +-3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad57>-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad46>-3.728 E F2(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 +712.8 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 724.8 Q +F1<ad58>A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) +A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(50)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .31(reused as input.)144 84 R(The)5.31 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 -(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E -F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.392 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 96 R(The)6.392 E F1 -<ad45>3.892 E F0 1.393(option indicates that the remaining options)3.893 -F 1.304(and actions should apply to `)144 108 R(`empty')-.74 E 3.804('c) --.74 G 1.304(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a) --3.804 F(blank line.)144 120 Q 1.437 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete \255pr)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.634(Specify ho)144 96 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 +(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 +F .633(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 +108 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F +.14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 +120 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) +2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 +(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 132 R(The)6.347 E F1 +<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 +F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 144 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E +3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F +3.455(ac)144 156 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F +.955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 168 R(`empty') +-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 180 Q 1.437 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -144 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 156 Q +204 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 216 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 180 R .856 -.15(ve t) +F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 240 R .856 -.15(ve t) -.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 192 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 252 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 <ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 204 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 216 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 228 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(sion before the)144 264 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 276 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 288 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 240 Q F2 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 252 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 264 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 -.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 276 Q -F1(default)184 288 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef) +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 300 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 312 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 324 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 +.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 336 Q +F1(default)184 348 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef) -5.376 E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) --.1 F(matches.)224 300 Q F1(dir)184 312 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ -tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 324 Q F1 -(\214lenames)184 336 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 348 S .137(ll readline that the co\ +-.1 F(matches.)224 360 Q F1(dir)184 372 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ +tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 384 Q F1 +(\214lenames)184 396 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 408 S .137(ll readline that the co\ mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 -G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 360 R 2.634 +G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 420 R 2.634 (ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F -.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 372 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 384 Q F1(nospace) -184 396 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 +.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 432 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 444 Q F1(nospace) +184 456 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 (ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F -.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 408 Q F1(plusdirs) -184 420 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 468 Q F1(plusdirs) +184 480 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 432 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 444 -Q F1<ad41>144 456 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 468 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 492 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 504 +Q F1<ad41>144 516 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 528 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -480 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 492 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 504 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 516 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G -2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 528 S(iltin).2 E F0 +540 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 552 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 564 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 576 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G +2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 588 S(iltin).2 E F0 (Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 540 -Q F0(Command names.)224 552 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 564 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 576 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 588 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 600 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -612 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -624 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 600 +Q F0(Command names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 624 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 636 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 648 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 660 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +672 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +684 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -636 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(function)184 648 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 660 Q F1 -(gr)184 672 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -684 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 696 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(50) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 51 51 +696 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 +E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(51)185.955 E 0 +Cg EP +%%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hostname)184 84 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 -96 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 108 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 120 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 132 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) --.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -144 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 156 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 168 Q -F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E -F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 180 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 192 Q F0 -(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 204 Q F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(function)184 84 Q F0 +(Names of shell functions.)224 96 Q F1(gr)184 108 Q(oup)-.18 E F0 +(Group names.)14.62 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.) +A F1(helptopic)184 120 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 132 Q F1 +(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 144 Q F0 +(Hostnames, as tak)224 156 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(job)184 168 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +-.1(ke)184 180 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 192 Q(ed w)-.15 E +2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(running)184 204 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 216 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.) +10.67 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt) +184 228 Q F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1 +<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.) +.2 E F1(shopt)184 240 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E +F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 252 Q F0 +(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 264 Q F0 (Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.) -.15 E F1(user)184 216 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 228 S +.15 E F1(user)184 276 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 288 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad47>144 240 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.41(The \214lename e)184 252 R -1.411(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.911 E F0 1.411(is e)3.911 F -1.411(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 264 Q -F1<ad57>144 276 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 288 Q F3(wor)3.64 +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad47>144 300 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 312 R +1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 324 Q +F1<ad57>144 336 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 348 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2 (IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and) --.25 F 2.007(each resultant w)184 300 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507 +-.25 F 2.007(each resultant w)184 360 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507 (xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the) -4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 312 Q(ord being completed.) --.1 E F1<ad43>144 324 Q F3(command)2.5 E(command)184 336 Q F0 1.056 +4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 372 Q(ord being completed.) +-.1 E F1<ad43>144 384 Q F3(command)2.5 E(command)184 396 Q F0 1.056 (is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 348 Q F1<ad46>144 360 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.18 -(The shell function)184 372 R F3(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F +184 408 Q F1<ad46>144 420 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.18 +(The shell function)184 432 R F3(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.681 (vironment. When)-.4 F 1.181(it \214n-)3.681 F .932 -(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 384 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F2 -(COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 396 S(riable.) -.25 E F1<ad58>144 408 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 420 Q F0 -.733(is a pattern as used for \214lename e)3.233 F 3.233(xpansion. It) --.15 F .733(is applied to the list of possible)3.233 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 432 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 444 Q F3(\214lterpat) +(COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 456 S(riable.) +.25 E F1<ad58>144 468 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 480 Q F0 +.455(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 +F .456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 492 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 504 Q F3(\214lterpat) 3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 (rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 (in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 456 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 516 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1<ad50>144 468 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 480 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1<ad50>144 528 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 540 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 492 Q F1<ad53>144 504 Q F3(suf)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 552 Q F1<ad53>144 564 Q F3(suf)2.5 E 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .466(The return v)144 520.8 R +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .466(The return v)144 580.8 R .466(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 (or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 532.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(plied without a)144 592.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 544.8 Q F0 +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 604.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 561.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447 -(Modify completion options for each)144 573.6 R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447 -(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 .447 -(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 585.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +F1(compopt)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 633.6 R +F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 645.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 (re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 597.6 Q F3(name) +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 657.6 Q F3(name) 3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 609.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.5 G(iltin described abo).2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E .327(The return v) -108 626.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .327 +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 669.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +-5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 +(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F +1.227(the `)144 681.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ +no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 693.6 R 2.178 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) +144 705.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 +E .327(The return v)108 722.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G .327 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a) -.25 F F3(name)108 638.4 Q F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e) -2.5 E(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 655.2 Q -F0([)2.5 E F3(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 667.2 R 1.753 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A -F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F3(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 -(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 679.2 R F3(n)3.709 E F0 -1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F3(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 -/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F3(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 691.2 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 -(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F3(n)3.014 E F0(is) -3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 703.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 -Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(51)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 52 52 +.25 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(52)185.955 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)108 84 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70> --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 108 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E -F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764 -(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 120 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982 -(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 -<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)3.58 E F0 -(ar)3.58 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When) -6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2(name) -3.579 E F0(ar)3.579 E(gu-)-.18 E .15(ments, it will display the attrib) -144 144 R .15(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .151 -(ariables ha)-.25 F .151(ving the attrib)-.2 F .151 -(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .047(additional options.)144 156 R .047 -(If no other options are supplied with)5.047 F F1<ad70>2.547 E F0(,)A F1 -(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .046(will display the attrib)2.546 F .046 -(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 168 S 1.362(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.862 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.862 E F0 1.363 -(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.862 F(The)6.363 -E F1<ad46>3.863 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\ -\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 180 R 2.422(utes are) --.2 F 2.663(printed. If)144 192 R(the)2.663 E F1(extdeb)2.663 E(ug)-.2 E -F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.663 F F1(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664 -(,t)C .164(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.382 -(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 204 R(The) -6.382 E F1<ad46>3.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F1<ad66>3.882 E -F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .793 -(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 216 R .794 -(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 F -1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 228 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 -<ad61>144 240 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 -E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 252 Q F0(Each)23.08 -E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 -E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1<ad66>144 264 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1 -<ad69>144 276 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)108 84 Q F0 +(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(continue)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 +112.8 R 1.754(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r) +.25 E F0(,)A F2(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F2(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r) +-4.254 E F2(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F1(n)4.613 E F0 +1.753(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 124.8 R F1(n)3.709 +E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 +10/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F1(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 136.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 +(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.013 E F0(is) +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 148.8 Q F2(declar)108 165.6 +Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2 +(typeset)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70> +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) +-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 189.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E +F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765 +(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25 +(va)144 201.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F2<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 +(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 +(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F2 +<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 213.6 Q F1(name)3.579 E +F0(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F +(When)6.079 E F2<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F1 +(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151 +(ments, it will display the attrib)144 225.6 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F +.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib) +-.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 +237.6 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F2<ad70>2.547 +E F0(,)A F2(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib) +2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 249.6 S 1.363 +(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F2<ad66>3.863 E F0 +1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The) +6.362 E F2<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of functio\ +n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 261.6 R 2.423 +(utes are)-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.664 E F2(extdeb) +2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F2(shopt) +2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 +F 1.382(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 285.6 +R(The)6.382 E F2<ad46>3.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F2<ad66> +3.882 E F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .794 +(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 297.6 R .794 +(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F +1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 309.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E F2 +<ad61>144 321.6 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 +E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad41>144 333.6 Q F0(Each) +23.08 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad66>144 345.6 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E +(.)-.65 E F2<ad69>144 357.6 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 288 Q F0 -(is performed when the v)2.25 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.) --.25 E F1<ad6c>144 300 Q F0 .909(When the v)27.52 F .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer) --.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 312 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad72>144 324 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2 -(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 -(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546 -(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 336 Q F1 -<ad74>144 348 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 -(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) --.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) -180 360 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E -(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 372 Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F -(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 384 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 396 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E -F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 412.8 R -2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F -.121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -1.237(to destro)144 424.8 R 3.737(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.737 G 1.237 -(rray v)-3.737 F 1.237(ariable and)-.25 F F1 1.237(+r will not r)3.737 F -(emo)-.18 E 1.437 -.1(ve t)-.1 H 1.237(he r).1 F 1.237(eadonly attrib) --.18 F 3.737(ute. When)-.2 F 1.236(used in a)3.737 F .311(function, mak) -144 436.8 R .311(es each)-.1 F F2(name)2.811 E F1 .311 -(local, as with the local)2.811 F F0 2.811(command. If)2.811 F 2.811(av) -2.811 G .312(ariable name is follo)-3.061 F .312(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 -448.8 Q F2(value)A F0 3.239(,t)C .739(he v)-3.239 F .739(alue of the v) --.25 F .739(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738 -(he return v)-5.738 F .738(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.738(lid option is).25 F .603 -(encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 460.8 -R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .603(\255f foo=bar)3.103 F F0 3.103(,a)C 3.103(na) --3.103 G .604(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.243(assign a v)144 472.8 R -1.243(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.242 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 369.6 Q F0(abo) +2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) +-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 381.6 Q +F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 393.6 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad72>144 405.6 +Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F1(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E +7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F +2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 +417.6 Q F2<ad74>144 429.6 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E +F1(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2(DEB)2.929 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 441.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 +453.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)24.74 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F +.909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 465.6 R +(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad78> +144 477.6 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 494.4 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 +(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 +(to destro)144 506.4 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) +-3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 +(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F 1.945(tion, mak)144 518.4 +R 1.945(es each)-.1 F F1(name)4.445 E F0 1.945(local, as with the)4.445 +F F2(local)4.444 E F0 4.444(command. If)4.444 F 4.444(av)4.444 G 1.944 +(ariable name is follo)-4.694 F 1.944(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 530.4 Q F1 +(value)A F0 3.238(,t)C .738(he v)-3.238 F .738(alue of the v)-.25 F .738 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738 +(he return v)-5.738 F .739(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G +.739(lid option is).25 F .603 +(encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 542.4 +R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .603(\255f foo=bar)3.103 F F0 3.103(,a)C 3.103(na) +-3.103 G .603(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.242(assign a v)144 554.4 R +1.242(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.243 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E 1.386 -(without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 484.8 R F1 +(without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 566.4 R F2 (Arrays)3.886 E F0(abo)3.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.386(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 496.8 S .172 +F1(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 578.4 S .171 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 -F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 508.8 R 3.46(fa) +F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 590.4 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 520.8 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 537.6 -Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 --.4(Wi)144 549.6 S .329 +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 602.4 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [+)108 619.2 +Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 +-.4(Wi)144 631.2 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 561.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 573.6 Q -F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 585.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 597.6 Q F1<ad>144 609.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 643.2 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 655.2 Q +F0(command; the)2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F2(+)144 667.2 Q F1(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F1(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 679.2 Q F2<ad>144 691.2 Q F1 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 621.6 Q F1<ad63>144 633.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 -<ad6c>144 645.6 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F -.324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F -(tory)180 657.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 669.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144 -681.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ -\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 -G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 693.6 Q .258(The return v)144 710.4 R .258 -(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) -140.96 E(52)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 53 53 +F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 703.2 Q F2<ad63>144 715.2 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(53)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)108 84 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .295(thout options, each) -.4 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df) -.15 G .295(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795 -(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .244 -(and neither)144 108 R F1 .243(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell') -2.744 F 2.743(sn)-.37 G .243(otion of the)-2.743 F F2(curr)2.743 E .243 -(ent job)-.37 F F1 .243(is used.)2.743 F .243(If the \255h option)5.243 -F .333(is gi)144 120 R -.1(ve)-.1 G .333(n, each).1 F F2(jobspec)4.574 E -F0 .334(is not remo)3.144 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.834(df).15 G .334 -(rom the table, b)-2.834 F .334(ut is mark)-.2 F .334(ed so that)-.1 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.834 E F0 .334(is not sent to)2.584 F 1.19 -(the job if the shell recei)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15 G F3 -(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.189(If no)5.689 F F2(jobspec) -5.429 E F0 1.189(is present, and neither the)3.999 F F1<ad61>3.689 E F0 -1.189(nor the)3.689 F F1<ad72>3.689 E F0 1.569(option is supplied, the) -144 144 R F2(curr)4.069 E 1.569(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.569(is used.)4.069 F -1.569(If no)6.569 F F2(jobspec)5.809 E F0 1.57(is supplied, the)4.38 F -F1<ad61>4.07 E F0 1.57(option means to)4.07 F(remo)144 156 Q .904 -.15 -(ve o)-.15 H 3.104(rm).15 G .604(ark all jobs; the)-3.104 F F1<ad72> -3.103 E F0 .603(option without a)3.103 F F2(jobspec)4.843 E F0(ar)3.413 -E .603(gument restricts operation to running)-.18 F 2.5(jobs. The)144 -168 R(return v)2.5 E(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 184.8 Q +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>144 84 Q F0 .324 +(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F .324 +(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F(tory) +180 96 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 108 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144 +120 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ +\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 +G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 132 Q .257(The return v)144 148.8 R .258 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.758 E F0 +(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258 +(ond the end of the direc-).15 F(tory stack.)144 160.8 Q F1(diso)108 +177.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 189.6 S .295 +(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 +-.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295 +(is not present,)3.105 F .422(and neither)144 201.6 R F1<ad61>2.922 E F0 +(nor)2.922 E F1<ad72>2.922 E F0 .422(is supplied, the shell')2.922 F +2.922(sn)-.55 G .422(otion of the)-2.922 F F2(curr)2.923 E .423(ent job) +-.37 F F0 .423(is used.)2.923 F .423(If the)5.423 F F1<ad68>2.923 E F0 +.423(option is)2.923 F(gi)144 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .141(n, each).15 F +F2(jobspec)4.381 E F0 .141(is not remo)2.951 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df) +.15 G .141(rom the table, b)-2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141 +(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.641 E F0 .14 +(is not sent to the)2.39 F .004(job if the shell recei)144 225.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.504(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .004 +(If no)4.504 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004(is present, and neither the) +2.814 F F1<ad61>2.504 E F0 .005(nor the)2.504 F F1<ad72>2.505 E F0 .005 +(option is)2.505 F 1.229(supplied, the)144 237.6 R F2(curr)3.729 E 1.229 +(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229(is used.)3.729 F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F2 +(jobspec)5.469 E F0 1.229(is supplied, the)4.039 F F1<ad61>3.729 E F0 +1.228(option means to remo)3.729 F 1.528 -.15(ve o)-.15 H(r).15 E .656 +(mark all jobs; the)144 249.6 R F1<ad72>3.156 E F0 .657 +(option without a)3.156 F F2(jobspec)4.897 E F0(ar)3.467 E .657 +(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The)5.657 E +(return v)144 261.6 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.394(Output the)144 196.8 R F2(ar)2.894 E(g)-.37 E F0 .394 +.395(Output the)144 290.4 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395 (s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895 -(wline. The)-.25 F .395(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .395 -(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.395 E F1<ad6e>2.895 E F0 .549 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 208.8 R .548(wline is suppressed.) +(wline. The)-.25 F .394(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .394 +(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F1<ad6e>2.894 E F0 .548 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 302.4 R .548(wline is suppressed.) -.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F1<ad65>3.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 220.8 Q -.052(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.052 E F1 -<ad45>2.552 E F0 .053(option disables the interpretation of these)2.553 -F 1.503(escape characters, e)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.003(no).15 G -4.003(ns)-4.003 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.003 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 -(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.002(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.002 -E F0(shell)4.002 E .009 -(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 244.8 R -F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.51 G .01(pands these escape characters).15 -F .66(by def)144 256.8 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 -(does not interpret)3.16 F F1<adad>3.16 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 -(interprets the follo)3.159 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 268.8 Q -F1(\\a)144 280.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 292.8 Q F0 -(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 304.8 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E -F1(\\e)144 316.8 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)144 328.8 Q F0 -(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 340.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine) --2.5 E F1(\\r)144 352.8 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 364.8 Q -F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 376.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 388.8 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 -400.8 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 314.4 Q +.053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F1 +<ad45>2.553 E F0 .052(option disables the interpretation of these)2.552 +F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 326.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G +4.002(ns)-4.002 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.002 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 +(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.003 +E F0(shell)4.003 E .009 +(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 338.4 R +F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters) +.15 F .659(by def)144 350.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 +(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 +(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 362.4 Q +F1(\\a)144 374.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 386.4 Q F0 +(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 398.4 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E +F1(\\e)144 410.4 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)144 422.4 Q F0 +(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 434.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine) +-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 446.4 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 458.4 Q +F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 470.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G +(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 482.4 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 +494.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E (alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 412.8 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 506.4 Q F2(HH)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(enable)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(enable)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277 -(Enable and disable b)144 441.6 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 +(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278 +(Enable and disable b)144 535.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 (Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278 -(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834(the same name as a shell b)144 -453.6 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 -(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.333 -(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989(the shell normally searches for b)144 -465.6 R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e> -3.489 E F0 .99(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F -1.582(abled; otherwise,)144 477.6 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582 -(are enabled.)4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582 -(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582 -(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08 -(instead of the shell b)144 489.6 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run) --.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he) --5.081 E F1<ad66>2.581 E F0 .081(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w) --.25 E -.2(bu)144 501.6 S 1.525(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 -1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G -4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F -(The)144 513.6 Q F1<ad64>2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F -.366(uiltin pre)-.2 F .366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.867 E F0 -5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn)-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E -.367(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the) -144 525.6 R F1<ad70>2.899 E F0 .399 -(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399(uiltins is printed.) --.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .398(guments, the) --.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 537.6 R 2.598 -(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098(is supplied, only disabled b) -2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F(If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0 -1.917(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 549.6 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 561.6 R F1<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F -(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 573.6 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 -585.6 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 602.4 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 614.4 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833(the same name as a shell b)144 +547.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 +(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.334 +(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99(the shell normally searches for b)144 559.2 +R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 +.989(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 +(abled; otherwise,)144 571.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 583.2 R .081(uiltin v) +-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) +2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 595.2 S 1.524 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 607.2 Q F1<ad64> +2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) +-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 619.2 R F1<ad70> +2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 +F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +631.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 643.2 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 655.2 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 667.2 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 +679.2 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 696 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E +F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 708 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 638.4 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(54)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 55 55 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(or only null ar)144 84 Q(guments,)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +-2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1(exec)108 100.8 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 667.2 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 679.2 R .177 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 112.8 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 124.8 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 691.2 R .499(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 -(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F1<ad63>3 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 703.2 Q F0 .639(to be e) -3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 136.8 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 +E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 148.8 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 715.2 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 160.8 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 727.2 Q 2.002 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.702(hell e).15 -F 1.702(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)4.201 E F0 -1.701(is enabled, in which case it returns)4.201 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(53)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 54 54 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.1(fa)144 84 S 2.563(ilure. An).1 F(interacti)2.563 E .363 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .063(hell returns f).15 F .064 -(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.564(cuted. If) -.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.764 E F0 .064(is not speci-) -3.334 F .742(\214ed, an)144 96 R 3.242(yr)-.15 G .742(edirections tak) --3.242 F 3.242(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.242 G .742 -(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .741 -(If there is a redi-)5.741 F(rection error)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(exit)108 124.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0 6.29(]C)C .095(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .095 -(xit with a status of)-.15 F F1(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F1(n) -2.955 E F0 .096(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096 -(xit status is that of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 136.8 S 2.5 -(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e) -2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F2 -(export)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F1(name)-2.5 -E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 165.6 Q F0 -.257(The supplied)144 177.6 R F1(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F -.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 -(commands. If)144 189.6 R(the)2.626 E F2<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127 -(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F1(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F1(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70> -144 201.6 Q F0 .66(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e) -3.16 F .659(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F2 -<ad6e>3.159 E F0(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 213.6 R 1.586 +.15 F(non-interacti)144 172.8 Q .617 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .317(hell e).15 F +.317(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .318 +(is enabled, in which case it returns f)2.817 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505 +(ure. An)144 184.8 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 +(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 196.8 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 +(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 +(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 208.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 237.6 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 266.4 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 278.4 R +F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F +.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 290.4 R(the)2.627 E F1 +<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) +.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) +5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 +(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 302.4 Q F0 .659 +(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.159 F .66 +(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.66 E F1<ad6e>3.16 E F0 +(option)3.16 E 1.587(causes the e)144 314.4 R 1.587 (xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586 -(rom each)-4.086 F F1(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G -1.587(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.587(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 225.6 Q -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he v)-2.804 F .304(alue of the v) --.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2 -(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .303 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .293 -(option is encountered, one of the)144 237.6 R F1(names)2.793 E F0 .293 +(rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G +1.586(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.586(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 326.4 Q +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he v)-2.803 F .303(alue of the v) +-.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .304 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .294 +(option is encountered, one of the)144 338.4 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 (is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F2<ad66>2.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)2.793 F F1(name)144.36 -249.6 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2(fc)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E -F2<ad65>A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(fc \255s)108 -278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(pat)A F0(=)A F1 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 290.4 R .478 -(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F1<8c72>4.888 E -(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F1(last)3.068 E F0 .477 -(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 302.4 R F1 -.45 -(Fi)5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F1(last)3.471 E F0 .882 +F F1<ad66>2.793 E F0 .293(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 +350.4 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 +379.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .477(Fix Command.)144 391.2 R .478 +(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.477 F F2<8c72>4.888 E +(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .478 +(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .882(tory list.)144 403.2 R F2 -.45 +(Fi)5.882 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.062 E F2(last)3.472 E F0 .882 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F -.882(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 -314.4 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an) -.15 F(of)144 326.4 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F -(If)5.276 E F1(last)2.866 E F0 .277 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.456 F .093 -(for listing \(so that)144 338.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 +.881(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 +415.2 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .797(umber is used as an) +.15 F(of)144 427.2 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F +(If)5.277 E F2(last)2.867 E F0 .276 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.457 F .092 +(for listing \(so that)144 439.2 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 (fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -2.592 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72> -4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092(is not)3.272 F -(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 350.4 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 374.4 -Q F2<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 +2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72> +4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .093(is not)3.273 F +(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 451.2 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 475.2 +Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E -F2<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 386.4 R .438(If the) -5.438 F F2<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 487.2 R .438(If the) +5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 398.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +.335(the editor gi)144 499.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E +F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 410.4 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 -E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 422.4 R .95 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 434.4 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 458.4 R F1 -(command)2.54 E F0 .04(is re-e)2.54 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)2.539 E F0 .039 -(is replaced by)2.539 F F1 -.37(re)2.539 G(p).37 E F0 5.039(.A)C(useful) --2.5 E .406(alias to use with this is)144 470.4 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s') -2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 -6.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F -.407(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)144 482.4 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 -E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 -(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 506.4 R .142 +F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 511.2 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E +F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 +F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 +(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 523.2 R .951 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F +-.15(exe)144 535.2 S(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 559.2 R +F2(command)2.539 E F0 .039(is re-e)2.539 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.54 E F0 .04(is replaced by) +2.54 F F2 -.37(re)2.54 G(p).37 E F0 5.04(.A)C(useful)-2.5 E .406 +(alias to use with this is)144 571.2 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s')2.906 F F0 +2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 6.406(rc)2.906 +G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F .406(ginning with) +-.15 F F4(cc)144 583.2 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 E F0(re-e)2.5 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 607.2 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 518.4 -R .454(If the)5.454 F F2<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 619.2 +R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 631.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 554.4 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 583.2 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +643.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 655.2 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 +684 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 595.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 607.2 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 619.2 Q -F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) -4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 -(as started without job control.)-.1 F F2(getopts)108 636 Q F1 -(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 -648 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 660 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 672 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 -(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 684 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 696 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 3.297 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) -3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G 3.296(ft)-3.296 G -.796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 708 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND)2.585 -E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 720 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 -(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(54)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 55 55 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 696 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G .617 +(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 708 Q .362 +(ground, or f)-.15 F .362(ailure if run when job control is disabled or) +-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F +F2(jobspec)145.74 720 Q F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004 +(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w) +2.814 F .004(as started without job control.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q +(2009 December 29)135.965 E(55)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .803(into the v)144 84 R(ariable)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT) -3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .803 -(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F1(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 96 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts) -2.793 E F0 .293(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293 -(cation if a ne).2 F 2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F -(is to be used.)144 108 Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,) -144 132 R F3(getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043 -(its with a return v).15 F 2.044(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3 -(OPTIND)144 144 Q F0(is set to the inde)2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F3(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 168 Q F0 2.393 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) -.27 E F3(getopts)144 180 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 -204 Q F0 1.165(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 -(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F4(optstring) -3.895 E F0 1.166(is a colon,)3.886 F F4(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E -1.264(reporting is used.)144 216 R 1.263 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 +96 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 108 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 120 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 132 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 +(option in the shell v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 3.296 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) +3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G 3.297(ft)-3.297 G +.797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 156 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) +4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 +(or a shell script is in)144 168 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 +(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 +(into the v)144 180 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 +.803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 192 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 204 Q +2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 228 R F1(getopts)4.543 +E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0 +(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 2.392 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 +276 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 300 Q F0 1.166 +(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 +(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.263 +(reporting is used.)144 312 R 1.263 (In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 228 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F1(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 240 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F4(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .667(If an in)144 264 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F3(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F4(name)3.527 E -F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 -(and unsets)144 276 R F1(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F2(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3 +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 324 +R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F +(will be displayed, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 +G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) +2.72 E .666(If an in)144 360 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) +.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E +F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 +(and unsets)144 372 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 (getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 -(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F1(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 288 -Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 312 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3 -(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F -F4(name)144 324 Q F0(,).18 E F1(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F3 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F3(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 336 Q F4(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F1(OPT) -2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3 -(getopts)144 360 Q F0 .902 +(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 +E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 +384 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 408 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) +-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() +3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 +(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144 420 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 +E F0 .234(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If) +5.234 E F1(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1 +(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 432 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 +E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 +E F1(getopts)144 456 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 372 Q F3(hash)108 388.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E F4(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.15(Fo) -144 400.8 S 3.554(re).15 G(ach)-3.554 E F4(name)3.554 E F0 3.554(,t).18 +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 468 Q F1(hash)108 484.8 +Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.15(Fo) +144 496.8 S 3.555(re).15 G(ach)-3.555 E F2(name)3.555 E F0 3.555(,t).18 G 1.054(he full \214le name of the command is determined by searching t\ -he directories in)-3.554 F F3($P)144 412.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.35(and remembered.)2.85 F .35(If the)5.35 F F3<ad70>2.85 E F0 .349 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.849 F F4 -(\214lename)4.759 E F0 .452 -(is used as the full \214le name of the command.)144 424.8 R(The)5.452 E -F3<ad72>2.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .453 -(get all remem-)-.18 F .593(bered locations.)144 436.8 R(The)5.593 E F3 -<ad64>3.093 E F0 .593(option causes the shell to for)3.093 F .592 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F4(name)3.092 E F0(.)A .02 -(If the)144 448.8 R F3<ad74>2.52 E F0 .02 -(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.52 F F4(name) -2.521 E F0 .021(corresponds is printed.)2.521 F .021(If multi-)5.021 F -(ple)144 460.8 Q F4(name)3.704 E F0(ar)3.704 E 1.204 -(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F3<ad74>3.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he) --3.703 E F4(name)3.703 E F0 1.203 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.703 F(The)144 472.8 Q F3 -<ad6c>3.215 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a format \ -that may be reused as input.)3.215 F .716(If no ar)5.716 F(gu-)-.18 E -1.184(ments are gi)144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.184(n, or if only).15 F -F3<ad6c>3.684 E F0 1.183 +he directories in)-3.555 F F1($P)144 508.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +.349(and remembered.)2.849 F .349(If the)5.349 F F1<ad70>2.849 E F0 .349 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.849 F F2 +(\214lename)4.76 E F0 .452 +(is used as the full \214le name of the command.)144 520.8 R(The)5.452 E +F1<ad72>2.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .452 +(get all remem-)-.18 F .592(bered locations.)144 532.8 R(The)5.592 E F1 +<ad64>3.092 E F0 .593(option causes the shell to for)3.092 F .593 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.093 E F0(.)A .021 +(If the)144 544.8 R F1<ad74>2.521 E F0 .021 +(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.521 F F2(name) +2.52 E F0 .02(corresponds is printed.)2.52 F .02(If multi-)5.02 F(ple) +144 556.8 Q F2(name)3.703 E F0(ar)3.703 E 1.203 +(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F1<ad74>3.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he) +-3.703 E F2(name)3.703 E F0 1.204 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.703 F(The)144 568.8 Q F1 +<ad6c>3.216 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a format \ +that may be reused as input.)3.216 F .715(If no ar)5.715 F(gu-)-.18 E +1.183(ments are gi)144 580.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.183(n, or if only).15 F +F1<ad6c>3.683 E F0 1.184 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)3.684 F -(The return status is true unless a)144 496.8 Q F4(name)2.86 E F0 +(The return status is true unless a)144 592.8 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0 (is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 -E F3(help)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F4(pattern) --2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 525.6 R .867 -(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F4(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867 -(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -537.6 R F4(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 549.6 Q F3 -<ad64>144 561.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F4 -(pattern)2.5 E F3(-m)146.5 573.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -21.84 E F4(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat) --2.5 E F3<ad73>144 585.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F4(pattern)2.5 E -F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 597.6 Q F4 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 614.4 Q F4(n)A F3(])A -(history \255c)108 626.4 Q(history \255d)108 638.4 Q F4(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F3(history \255anrw)108 650.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\214lename)A F0(])A -F3(history \255p)108 662.4 Q F4(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F4(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 674.4 Q F4(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F4(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -686.4 S .752 -(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 1.231(been modi\214ed.)144 698.4 R 1.231(An ar)6.231 F 1.231 -(gument of)-.18 F F4(n)4.091 E F0 1.231(lists only the last)3.971 F F4 -(n)4.091 E F0 3.73(lines. If)3.97 F 1.23(the shell v)3.73 F(ariable)-.25 -E F3(HISTTIME-)3.73 E(FORMA)144 710.4 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .249 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.749 F F4 -(strftime)2.75 E F0 .25(\(3\) to display the time stamp)B 3.118 -(associated with each displayed history entry)144 722.4 R 8.118(.N)-.65 -G 5.617(oi)-8.118 G(nterv)-5.617 E 3.117 -(ening blank is printed between the)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(55)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 56 56 +E F1(help)108 609.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pattern) +-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 621.6 R .867 +(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866 +(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 +633.6 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 645.6 Q F1 +<ad64>144 657.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 669.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +21.97 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat) +-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 681.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E +F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 693.6 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 +E(56)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .083(formatted time stamp and the history line.)144 84 R(If)5.084 -E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.584 E F0 .084 -(is supplied, it is used as the name of the his-)2.584 F .097 -(tory \214le; if not, the v)144 96 R .097(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)2.597 E F0 .096(is used.)2.347 F .096 -(Options, if supplied, ha)5.096 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .096(he follo).15 -F .096(wing meanings:)-.25 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad63>144 108 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F3<ad64>144 -120 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) -180 132 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F3<ad61>144 144 Q F0 .598 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(n)A F1(])A(history \255c)108 96 Q(history \255d)108 108 Q F2(of)2.5 E +(fset)-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0 +(])A F1(history \255p)108 132 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A +2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 156 +S .752 +(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 168 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 180 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 +(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 192 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 +(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 +(time stamp and the history line.)144 204 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +2.676 E F0 .176 +(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F +(not, the v)144 216 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 +E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 228 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1<ad64>144 +240 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) +180 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 264 Q F0 .598 (Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 (istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 -(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)180 156 Q F0 -(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F3<ad6e>144 168 Q F0 .854(Read \ +(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 276 Q F0 +(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 288 Q F0 .854(Read \ the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\ rent history list.)24.74 F .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 180 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 192 Q F3<ad72>144 204 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F3<ad77>144 -216 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 300 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 312 Q F1<ad72>144 324 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ +\214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77>144 +336 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.) --2.5 E F3<ad70>144 228 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F1(ar) +-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 348 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) 3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 240 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) +2.975(output. Does)180 360 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 252 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3<ad73>144 264 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)26.41 F F1(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(normal history e)180 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 384 Q F0 .363 +(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 276 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .28(If the)144 292.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95 -E F0 .28 -(is set, the time stamp information associated with each history entry) -2.78 F .54(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 304.8 R .539 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.539(.W)-.55 G .539 -(hen the history \214le is)-5.539 F 1.778(read, lines be)144 316.8 R -1.778(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.779 -(wed immediately by a digit are)-.25 F 1.424 -(interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 328.8 R 1.424 -(vious history line.)-.25 F 1.424(The return v)6.424 F 1.424 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 396 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 412.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 424.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 436.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 448.8 R .416 +(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ -, an in)144 340.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) -3 E(supplied as an ar)144 352.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F3<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5 +, an in)144 460.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) +3 E(supplied as an ar)144 472.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5 (,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 -E(gument to)-.18 E F3<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F3(jobs)108 -369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 -E F3(jobs \255x)108 381.6 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs) --.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 393.6 Q .3 +E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 +489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 +E F1(jobs \255x)108 501.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs) +-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 513.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6c>144 405.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F3 -<ad70>144 417.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5 -(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3<ad6e>144 429.6 Q F0 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 525.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1 +<ad70>144 537.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5 +(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 549.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c) -.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F -(\214ed of their status.)180 441.6 Q F3<ad72>144 453.6 Q F0 -(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F3<ad73>144 465.6 Q F0 -(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(jobspec) +(\214ed of their status.)180 561.6 Q F1<ad72>144 573.6 Q F0 +(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 585.6 Q F0 +(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 602.4 Q F2(jobspec) 4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 494.4 Q -.25 +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 614.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 511.2 R F3 -<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F3(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 523.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 631.2 R F1 +<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 643.2 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F3(kill)108 540 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad73>A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3 -<ad6e>2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3<ad>2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F3 -(kill \255l)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 564 R F1 -(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F1(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F1 -(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 576 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F2(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F2(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 588 Q F1(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) -4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F2(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 600 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F -F3<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 +F1(kill)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 684 R F2 +(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 +(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 +(either a case-insensiti)144 696 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 708 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 +1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 720 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F +F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F -F3<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 612 R .28 -(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F1 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 624 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F3 -<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 636 R -F3(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F -.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F -(occurs or an in)144 648 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 -E F3(let)108 664.8 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Each)144 676.8 Q F1(ar)3.965 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.135 -(is an arithmetic e)3.855 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.134(luated \(see).25 F F2 1.134(ARITHMETIC EV)3.634 F(ALU)-1.215 E --.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 1.134(If the) -5.634 F(last)144 688.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G -(luates to 0,).25 E F3(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) -2.5 E F3(local)108 705.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name) --2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 717.6 S -2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06 -(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned) -2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 -.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 729.6 Q 4.514(yo)-.15 G 4.514(ft)-4.514 G 2.014 -(he options accepted by)-4.514 F F3(declar)4.514 E(e)-.18 E F0 7.014(.W) -C(hen)-7.014 E F3(local)4.514 E F0 2.013 -(is used within a function, it causes the)4.514 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(56)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 57 57 +F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) +.15 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(57)185.955 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.25(va)144 84 S(riable).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.87 E -F0 1.01(to ha)3.69 F 1.31 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H 1.011 +-.35 E .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 84 R .28 +(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .378 +(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 108 R +F2(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F +.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F +(occurs or an in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 +E F2(let)108 136.8 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Each)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197 +(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.196(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 160.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25 +(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 189.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06 +(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06 +(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) +-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 201.6 Q 3.153(yo) +-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar) +3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 +213.6 Q F1(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 (isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)6.011 G 1.011(th no oper).4 F(-)-.2 E(ands,)144 96 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)3.242 E F0 .741(writes a list of local v)3.241 F -.741(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F .741(It is an error to use) -5.741 F F2(local)3.241 E F0(when)3.241 E 1.34(not within a function.)144 -108 R 1.34(The return status is 0 unless)6.34 F F2(local)3.84 E F0 1.34 -(is used outside a function, an in)3.84 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1 -(name)144.36 120 Q F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout)108 136.8 Q F0 -(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(map\214le)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e> -A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k) --.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr) --2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 165.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E -F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac) -2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A 1.006 -(Read lines from the standard input into array v)144 177.6 R(ariable) --.25 E F1(arr)3.506 E(ay)-.15 E F0 3.506(,o).32 G 3.506(rf)-3.506 G -1.006(rom \214le descriptor)-3.506 F F1(fd)3.506 E F0 1.005(if the)3.506 -F F2<ad75>3.505 E F0 1.086(option is supplied.)144 189.6 R 1.086(The v) -6.086 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(MAPFILE)3.586 E F0 1.086(is the def)3.586 F -(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.587 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.087(.O)C 1.087 -(ptions, if supplied, ha)-6.087 F 1.387 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(follo) -144 201.6 Q(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>144 213.6 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5 -(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 -F F1(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 225.6 -Q F0(Be)22.52 E(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E -(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 237.6 -Q F0(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2 -<ad74>144 249.6 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H -(railing line from each line read.).15 E F2<ad75>144 261.6 Q F0 +(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 225.6 Q F0 1.165 +(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) +6.165 F F2(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 +(within a function.)144 237.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 +F F2(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144 +249.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2 +(logout)108 266.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(map\214le)108 283.2 +Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1 +(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43> +-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 295.2 S +(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f> +-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1 +(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351 +(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 307.2 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.85 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor) +-2.85 F F1(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 319.2 R F2<ad75>3.748 E F0 +1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.749 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 +331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e> +144 343.2 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1 +(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)2.5 E F0 +(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 355.2 Q F0(Be)22.52 E +(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) +-.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) +-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 367.2 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2 +<ad74>144 379.2 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E +(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 391.2 Q F0 (Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2<ad43>144 273.6 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2<ad43>144 403.2 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E (aluate)-.25 E F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F1(quantum) 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F2<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 285.6 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 415.2 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F1 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 302.4 Q F2<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 432 Q F2<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F2<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F 1.22(plied the inde)144 314.4 R 3.72(xo)-.15 G +(luated, it is sup-).25 F 1.22(plied the inde)144 444 R 3.72(xo)-.15 G 3.72(ft)-3.72 G 1.22(he ne)-3.72 F 1.22 (xt array element to be assigned as an additional ar)-.15 F(gument.)-.18 -E F1(callbac)6.22 E(k)-.2 E F0(is)3.72 E -.25(eva)144 326.4 S +E F1(callbac)6.22 E(k)-.2 E F0(is)3.72 E -.25(eva)144 456 S (luated after the line is read b).25 E (ut before the array element is assigned.)-.2 E -(If not supplied with an e)144 343.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 +(If not supplied with an e)144 472.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 360 Q F0 .996 -(returns successfully unless an in)3.496 F -.25(va)-.4 G .996 -(lid option or option ar).25 F .995(gument is supplied, or)-.18 F F1 -(arr)3.495 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)3.495 E(in)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid or unassignable.).25 E F2(popd)108 388.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 -400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299 -(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar) -.4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3 -(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -412.8 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 489.6 Q F0 1.906 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 501.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E +F2(popd)108 518.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 +(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G +.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 +G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 +542.4 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 424.8 Q F2<ad6e>144 436.8 Q F0 .551 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 554.4 Q F2<ad6e>144 566.4 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 448.8 Q F2(+)144 460.8 Q F1(n)A +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 578.4 Q F2(+)144 590.4 Q F1(n)A F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +602.4 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2<ad>144 484.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +-.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2<ad>144 614.4 Q F1(n)A F0 (Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F1(n)3.759 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 -496.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 513.6 R F2(popd) +626.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 +E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 643.2 R F2(popd) 3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F2(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 (is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F2(popd)5.643 -E F0 .415(returns f)144 525.6 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G +E F0 .415(returns f)144 655.2 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 537.6 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad76>A F1(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372 -(Write the formatted)144 566.4 R F1(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372 +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 667.2 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 684 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad76>A F1(var)2.5 E F0(]) +A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372 +(Write the formatted)144 696 R F1(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372 (to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F1(format)2.872 E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F1(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\ tring which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which ar\ -e simply)144 578.4 R .159 +e simply)144 708 R 1.859 (copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are con) -144 590.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .158(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\ -dard output, and format speci\214cations, each of which causes printing\ - of the ne)144 602.4 R .5(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar)3.15 E -(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 614.4 Q F0 5.424(.I)C 2.924(na)-5.424 G .424 -(ddition to the standard)-2.924 F F1(printf)2.924 E F0 .424 -(\(1\) formats,)B F2(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.923 E F2(printf)2.923 E F0 -.423(to e)2.923 F .423(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .976 -(sequences in the corresponding)144 626.4 R F1(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E -F0(\(e)3.476 E .976(xcept that)-.15 F F2(\\c)3.476 E F0 .976 -(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F2<5c08>3.477 E F0(,)A F2 -(\\")3.477 E F0(,)A(and)144 638.4 Q F2(\\?)3.422 E F0 .922(are not remo) -3.422 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922 -(ginning with)-.15 F F2(\\0)3.422 E F0 .921 -(may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F2(%q)144 650.4 Q F0 -(causes)3.63 E F2(printf)3.63 E F0 1.13(to output the corresponding)3.63 -F F1(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.131 -(in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 662.4 Q(The) -144 686.4 Q F2<ad76>2.904 E F0 .404 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.904 F(ariable)-.25 E -F1(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F -(standard output.)144 698.4 Q(The)144 722.4 Q F1(format)3.423 E F0 .923 -(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(57)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 58 58 +144 720 R -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.858(rted and copied to the).15 F(GNU Bash-4.1) +72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(58)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)144 84 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033 -(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +-.35 E 1.171(standard output, and format speci\214cations, each of whic\ +h causes printing of the ne)144 84 R 1.172(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)144 96 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 6.274(.I)C +3.774(na)-6.274 G 1.274(ddition to the standard)-3.774 F F1(printf)3.774 +E F0 1.274(\(1\) formats,)B/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%b)3.774 E F0(causes) +3.774 E F2(printf)3.774 E F0 1.273(to e)3.774 F 1.273(xpand backslash) +-.15 F .619(escape sequences in the corresponding)144 108 R F1(ar)3.119 +E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)3.119 E .619(xcept that)-.15 F F2(\\c)3.119 E F0 +.62(terminates output, backslashes in)3.119 F F2<5c08>144 120 Q F0(,)A +F2(\\")2.985 E F0 2.985(,a)C(nd)-2.985 E F2(\\?)2.985 E F0 .485 +(are not remo)2.985 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .485(d, and octal escapes be).15 F +.484(ginning with)-.15 F F2(\\0)2.984 E F0 .484 +(may contain up to four digits\),)2.984 F(and)144 132 Q F2(%q)2.567 E F0 +(causes)2.567 E F2(printf)2.567 E F0 .067(to output the corresponding) +2.567 F F1(ar)2.568 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .068 +(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.568 F(input.)144 144 Q(The) +144 168 Q F2<ad76>2.904 E F0 .404 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.904 F(ariable)-.25 E +F1(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F +(standard output.)144 180 Q(The)144 204 Q F1(format)3.423 E F0 .923 +(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) +3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F1(ar)144 216 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 +.033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 96 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+) --2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 124.8 Q -F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a direc\ -tory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making th\ -e ne)144 136.8 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316 -(stack the current w)144 148.8 R 1.316(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W) --.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315 -(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315(irectories and)-3.815 F -.871(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 160.8 R 5.871 -(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 --.15(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 -172.8 Q F2<ad6e>144 184.8 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of dir\ -ectory when adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F -(only the stack is manipulated.)180 196.8 Q F2(+)144 208.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 228 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(pushd) +108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 +2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ +irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 268.8 R 3.14(wt) +-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 280.8 R 1.316 +(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315 +(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315 +(irectories and)-3.815 F .871 +(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 292.8 R 5.871(.A) +-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 304.8 Q +F2<ad6e>144 316.8 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\ +hen adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F +(only the stack is manipulated.)180 328.8 Q F2(+)144 340.8 Q F1(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 (th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) --.25 F F2(dirs)180 220.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 232.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +-.25 F F2(dirs)180 352.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 364.8 Q F1(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F2(dirs)180 244.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 256.8 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0 +F F2(dirs)180 376.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 388.8 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 -G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 273.6 +G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 405.6 R F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs) 2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489 (If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04 -(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 285.6 R F1(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G +(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 417.6 R F1(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144 -297.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\ +429.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\ ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F -(speci\214ed ne)144 309.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E -(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 338.4 R .845 +(speci\214ed ne)144 441.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E +(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 470.4 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -350.4 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 +482.4 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 362.4 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 +(enabled. If)144 494.4 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 374.4 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 386.4 Q F2 -.18(re)108 403.2 S -(ad).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad61>-2.5 E F1(aname) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad64>-2.5 E F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad69>-2.5 -E F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E -(s)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2<ad74>-2.5 E F1(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the\ - standard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 415.2 R F1(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 427.2 Q -F2<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038 -(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G -.039(he second w)-2.539 F .039(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E -F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw) -.15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 506.4 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 518.4 Q F2 -.18(re)108 535.2 S +(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad61>-3.817 E F1 +(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad64>-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 +(][)C F2<ad69>-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad6e> +-3.817 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad4e>-3.816 E +F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad70>-3.816 E F1(pr) +3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad74>-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0 +3.816(][)C F2<ad75>-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 547.2 Q F1(name)A +F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ +e \214le descriptor)144 559.2 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 571.2 Q F2<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038 +(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst) +-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039 +(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42 +(and so on, with lefto)144 583.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 +(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 (ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) -.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 451.2 R .54(wer w)-.25 +.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 595.2 R .54(wer w)-.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ -are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 463.2 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011 +are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011 (characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 (are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011 (backslash character \()2.511 F F2(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89 -(be used to remo)144 475.2 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H +(be used to remo)144 619.2 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F -(Options, if supplied, ha)144 487.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 499.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 511.2 R 1.049 +(Options, if supplied, ha)144 631.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 643.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) +180 655.2 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) -.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F1(aname)180.33 523.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +F1(aname)180.33 667.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 535.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E -F0(The \214rst character of)180 547.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 679.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E +F0(The \214rst character of)180 691.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F2<ad65>144 559.2 Q F0 .372 +F2<ad65>144 703.2 Q F0 .372 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F2 -.18(re) 2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 -(to obtain the line.)180 571.2 R .218 +(to obtain the line.)180 715.2 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 583.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E -F2<ad69>144 595.2 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.715 -G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te) -2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E -.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 607.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 -619.2 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 631.2 S(ad).18 E -F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E -F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 -(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input.)180 643.2 Q F2<ad70>144 -655.2 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 667.2 Q F1(pr)3.66 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 -(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read) --.25 F(an)180 679.2 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2 -<ad72>144 691.2 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 703.2 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G -(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F2<ad73>144 715.2 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(58)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 59 59 +(acti)180 727.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(59)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad74>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q F1 -.18(re)3.548 G(ad).18 E F0 1.048 -(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad69>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(te) +2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) +-.25 F(ing be)180 96 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) +-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 120 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 +(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 +(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) +-.1 F(input, b)180 132 Q(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 +E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 +(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144 144 +Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 156 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269 +(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E +(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 168 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 +G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 180 R +F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 192 Q F1<ad70>144 204 Q +F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 216 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E +F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 +(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read) +-.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 +<ad72>144 240 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 252 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) +-.25 E F1<ad73>144 264 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 +<ad74>144 276 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 288 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G +(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048 (ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout) -180 108 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F2(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997 -(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing) --.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 120 R .576(This option is only ef) +180 300 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997 +(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing) +-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 312 R .576(This option is only ef) 5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G -(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .142 -(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 132 R .142 -(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.141 E -F2(timeout)2.641 E F0 .141(is 0,)2.641 F F1 -.18(re)180 144 S(ad).18 E -F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.613 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .114 -(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 156 Q +(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141 +(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 324 R .142 +(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E +F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad).18 E +F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113 +(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 348 Q (xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 -E F1<ad75>144 168 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) -14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 184.8 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 -.192(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable) --.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .191(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 196.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad) +E F1<ad75>144 360 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) +14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 376.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 +.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable) +-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .192(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 388.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad) .18 E F0 1.343 -(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F -(128\), or an in)144 208.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F +(128\), or an in)144 400.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1 -<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 225.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 417.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2 +F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2 (names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77 (alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 249.6 R -1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 441.6 R +1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 453.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .537(ables to associati)144 273.6 R .837 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.037 +-.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 465.6 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038 (rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> -3.038 E F0 .538(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .081 -(of all readonly names is printed.)144 285.6 R(The)5.081 E F1<ad70>2.581 -E F0 .08(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.581 -F 1.176(be reused as input.)144 297.6 R 1.176(If a v)6.176 F 1.176 +3.038 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .08 +(of all readonly names is printed.)144 477.6 R(The)5.08 E F1<ad70>2.58 E +F0 .081(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.58 F +1.177(be reused as input.)144 489.6 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.177(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.177 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 309.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.206(.T)C -1.206(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.206 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.205 -(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.065 E F0 1.205 -(is not a)3.975 F -.25(va)144 321.6 S(lid shell v).25 E +3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.176(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.176 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 501.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C +1.205(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.205 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.206 +(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.066 E F0 1.206 +(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 513.6 S(lid shell v).25 E (ariable name, or)-.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2 -(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 338.4 S -(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .586 -(Causes a function to e)144 350.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F +(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 530.4 S +(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .587 +(Causes a function to e)144 542.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 -E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .587(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 -(that of the last command e)144 362.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 +E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .586(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 +(that of the last command e)144 554.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 (cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G 1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe) -144 374.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() +144 566.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() 5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 -(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795 -(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 386.4 R F2(n)3.106 -E F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245 -(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 398.4 R .082 +(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794 +(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 578.4 R F2(n)3.105 +E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246 +(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 590.4 R .082 (If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 -(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082 -(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 410.4 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F -4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F1(RETURN) -4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305(cuted before e) +(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081 +(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 602.4 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F +4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F1(RETURN) +4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e) .15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.) -144 422.4 Q F1(set)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +144 614.4 Q F1(set)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 -E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 451.2 Q F0 +E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 643.2 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 463.2 S -.835(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 475.2 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 487.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) -2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 655.2 S +.836(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F +.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 667.2 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 679.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) +2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 -(locale. When)144 499.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) --.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 -(after option processing are treated as v)144 511.2 R 1.624 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 691.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 703.2 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 523.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +144 715.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 535.2 Q -F0 .54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 -(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F -.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 547.2 Q -(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 559.2 Q F0 .131 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F -2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 571.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 583.2 Q F0 -.511(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)3.011 E F0 .511 -(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F2 .51(simple command)3.01 F F0 -3.01(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.01 E(shell)184 595.2 Q F0 .872 -(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.372 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399 -(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 607.2 R F3 .399 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G -.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.968(status. 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This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 96 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -<ad6b>144 108 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0 .539(Automatically mark v) +29.3 F .539 +(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54 +(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 96 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E +F1<ad62>144 108 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F +2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 120 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 +H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 132 Q F0 .51 +(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pipeline)3.01 E +F0 .511(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F2 .511(simple command) +3.011 F F0 3.011(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.011 E(shell)184 144 Q F0 .872 +(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.373 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399 +(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 156 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +.399(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G +.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.969(status. The)184 168 R 1.468 +(shell does not e)3.969 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 +(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .569(immediately follo)184 180 R +.569(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F1(until)3.069 E F0 +-.1(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .57 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F1(elif)3.07 E F0(reserv)184 +192 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G .544 +(ommand e)-3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .544(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.044 E F0 +(or)3.044 E/F4 10/Symbol SF<efef>3.044 E F0 .544(list e)3.044 F .544 +(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 204 Q 1.23(wing the \214nal)-.25 F +F1(&&)3.73 E F0(or)3.73 E F4<efef>3.73 E F0 3.73(,a)C 1.53 -.15(ny c) +-3.73 H 1.231(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F 1.231 +(ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 216 Q 3.191(sr)-.55 G .691 +(eturn v)-3.191 F .691(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .691 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.191 E F0 5.691(.A)C .691(trap on)-2.5 F F1(ERR) +3.19 E F0 3.19(,i)C 3.19(fs)-3.19 G .69(et, is e)-3.19 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.69(cuted before).15 F .686(the shell e)184 228 R 3.186(xits. 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This)-.1 -F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 708 Q -(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.0) -72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(60)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 61 61 +F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 312 Q F1 +<ad6d>144 324 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148 +(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F +.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .637 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 336 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). 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In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(noglob)184 84 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 96 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify) +184 108 Q F0(Same as)15 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 120 Q F0 +(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 132 Q F0(Same as)6.67 +E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 144 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E +F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 156 Q F0 1.029 +(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 168 +R 1.136 +(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 180 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 192 Q F0 +2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 +(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 204 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 216 Q(vileged) +-.1 E F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 240 S +(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 252 Q F0 +1.466(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965 +(ace. This)-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F +(interf)224 264 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0 +(.)A F1(xtrace)184 276 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 +294 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2 +(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 +306 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 +(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 318 Q F1<ad70> +144 330 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) --.27 E F0 1.071(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 150 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A -F1(CDP)184 162 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 5.603(,a)C(nd)-5.603 E F1 -(GLOBIGNORE)5.603 E F0 -.25(va)5.603 G 3.103(riables, if the).25 F 5.603 -(ya)-.15 G 3.103(ppear in the en)-5.603 F 3.103(vironment, are)-.4 F -2.617(ignored. If)184 174 R .117(the shell is started with the ef)2.617 -F(fecti)-.25 E .418 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .118 -(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user).15 F 1.018 -(\(group\) id, and the)184 186 R F1<ad70>3.518 E F0 1.018 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)3.518 F 1.018 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .286 -(user id is set to the real user id.)184 198 R .286(If the)5.286 F F1 -<ad70>2.786 E F0 .287(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.786 F -(fecti)-.25 E .587 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser).15 E .103(id is not reset.)184 -210 R -.45(Tu)5.103 G .102(rning this option of).45 F 2.602(fc)-.25 G -.102(auses the ef)-2.602 F(fecti)-.25 E .402 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .102 -(ser and group ids to be set to).15 F(the real user and group ids.)184 -222 Q F1<ad74>144 234 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 246 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .444 -(eat unset v).35 F .444 -(ariables as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 F 2.944 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.945 G .445(pansion is).15 F .52 -(attempted on an unset v)184 258 R .519 -(ariable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-.25 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 270 S(its with a non-zero status.) -.15 E F1<ad76>144 282 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) --.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 294 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 +-.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 342 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)184 354 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 366 R .38 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) +-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 378 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 390 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 402 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 414 Q F1<ad74>144 426 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15 +E F1<ad75>144 438 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\ +bles and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an) +-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 450 R 2.682 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 +(able or parameter)184 462 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 +474 Q F1<ad76>144 486 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) +-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 498 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 (xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) 2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E -F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 306 R F1 +F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 510 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 (xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo) -3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 318 Q +3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 522 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -<ad42>144 330 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 +<ad42>144 534 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 342 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 354 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 546 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 558 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 366 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.053(tors. This)184 570 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 378 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad45>144 390 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) +.15 F(tor)184 582 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 594 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) -2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 402 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F .838(mands e)184 606 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 414 Q F1 -<ad48>144 426 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 618 Q F1 +<ad48>144 630 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 438 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 450 Q F0 1.164 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 642 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 654 Q F0 1.164 (If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164 (ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 462 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(that change the current w)184 666 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 474 R(def)2.685 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 678 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 486 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -498 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 690 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +702 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 510 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 522 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 534 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 726 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 +768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(62)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 63 63 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<adad>144 84 Q F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401 +(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 546 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G -(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 -558 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 -(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 570 R -F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 96 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) +.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1<ad>144 108 Q F0 1.944 +(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g) +-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 120 R F1 +<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 582 Q .425(The options are of)144 -598.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144 +148.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 610.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 622.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +(current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 634.8 Q F1(shift)108 651.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 663.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +(is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 675.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 225.6 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) .15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 687.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 699.6 R +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 711.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(61)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 62 62 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 -2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)-2.5 -E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 96 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222(alues of v) --.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1<ad70>2.722 -E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an \ -indication of whether or not each is set.)144 108 R(The)144 120 Q F1 -<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displayed in a form th\ -at may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)5.327 F(ha)144 132 -Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 -144 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 -156 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71> -144 168 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return s\ -tatus indicates whether the)24.74 F F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 180 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E -F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 192 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0 -(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 204 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127(If either)144 220.8 R F1 -<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0 .127(is used with no) -2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 +(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F +(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1 +<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\ +ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 302.4 R(The) +144 314.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ +d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options) +5.327 F(ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) +-.25 E F1<ad73>144 338.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 +E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 350.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ +put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2 +(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .256 +(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256 +(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1 +<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F +(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) +2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 398.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0 +(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127 +(If either)144 415.2 R F1<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0 +.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 (guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024 -(are set or unset, respecti)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024 +(are set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024 (.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0 -1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 244.8 Q(ault.) +1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 439.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -261.6 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +456 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) 4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 273.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 285.6 Q(The list of)144 302.4 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 320.4 Q F0 .199 +144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 480 Q(The list of)144 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 514.8 Q F0 .199 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 332.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 526.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 344.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 356.4 R .156 +F1(cdable_v)144 538.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 550.8 R .156 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 368.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 380.4 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 562.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 574.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) 10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 392.4 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(corrected. The)184 586.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 404.4 R 4.352 -.65 +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 598.8 R 4.352 -.65 (y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 (orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F -(the command proceeds.)184 416.4 Q +(the command proceeds.)184 610.8 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 428.4 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 440.4 R F1(bash)4.58 +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 622.8 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 634.8 R F1(bash)4.58 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 -(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 452.4 S(cute it.).15 E +(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 646.8 S(cute it.).15 E (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 464.4 -Q F0 .448(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 658.8 +Q F0 .448(If set,)184 670.8 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 (lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 488.4 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 682.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 1.456 -(attempted without an interv)184 500.4 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15 -F F1 1.456(JOB CONTR)3.956 F(OL)-.3 E F0(abo)3.956 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 512.4 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) --2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 524.4 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 536.4 R F1(bash) -3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G .796 -(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G .796 -(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 548.4 S(lues of).25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(cmdhist)144 560.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 -(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 -(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -572.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 584.4 -Q F0 .42(If set,)184 596.4 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 -F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 -(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E -(to the conditional command')184 608.4 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G -(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(dirspell)144 620.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)7.77 F -F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +(attempted without an interv)184 694.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 +F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 706.8 Q -.1(wa) +-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 +E(63)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 64 64 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 84 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 +96 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G +.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G +.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 108 S(lues of).25 E/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 120 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1 +(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H +1.202(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F +(entry)184 132 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 144 Q +F0 .42(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F +.419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) +-.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the conditional command')184 168 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 +G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(compat32)144 180 Q F0 1.409 +(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F +1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F +(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 204 Q 2.5 +(s<a)-.55 G(nd > operators.)-2.5 E F1(compat40)144 216 Q F0 1.41 +(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 +(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.692 +(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 240 R 4.193 +(s<a)-.55 G 1.693(nd > operators and the)-4.193 F(ef)184 252 Q +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(dirspell)144 264 Q F0 +.859(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 632.4 Q(xist.)-.15 -E F1(dotglob)144 644.4 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 276 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 288 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 656.4 Q F0 1.386 -(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 300 Q F0 1.387 +(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 (hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 668.4 Q +1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 312 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 680.4 Q -F0 .717(If set, aliases are e)184 692.4 R .717(xpanded as described abo) --.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(ALIASES)3.217 E F4(.)A F0 -.716(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 704.4 Q -(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0) -72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(62)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 63 63 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)144 84 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha) -184 96 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1 -(1.)184 108 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F -F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 -(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 120 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 132 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 324 Q F0 +.716(If set, aliases are e)184 336 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 +F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .717 +(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 348 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 360 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(If set, beha)184 372 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 384 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.251 E +F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 396 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 408 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 144 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 156 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 168 S .488 +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 420 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 432 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +(exe)220 444 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 180 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 --.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1 26(4. B)184 -192 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.775 E F1 -.3(BA)3.775 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 -1.276(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.775 F(tions abo)220 -204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 216 Q F0 1.359 +(sour)220 456 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 +-.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 468 Q +F2 -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G +(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904(are updated as described in their descriptions) +3.154 F(abo)220 480 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 492 Q F0 1.359 (Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359 (command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220 -228 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F2 10 +504 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 (DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.) -184 240 Q F0 .804(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805 -(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 252 -Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F2 +184 516 Q F0 .805(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .804 +(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.805 F(in)220 528 +Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4 (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E(OR)-.3 E F0 -(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 264 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 +(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 540 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 276 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 288 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 300 R -F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 -E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) --4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 312 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 324 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 336 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 348 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.585(If set, the suf)184 360 R<8c78>-.25 E .585(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.085 E F0 .585(shell v)3.085 F .585(ariable cause w) --.25 F .585(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 372 R .32 +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 552 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 564 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 576 R +F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 +E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) +-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 588 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 600 Q F0 +1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 612 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 624 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.937(If set, the suf)184 636 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) +-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 648 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.329 -(pletions. See)184 384 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .829(SHELL V)3.329 F -(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)3.079 E 1.129 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .83 -(or a description of).15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.33 E F0 5.83(.T)C .83 -(his option)-5.83 F(is enabled by def)184 396 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar) -144 408 Q F0 .44(If set, the pattern)5 F F1(**)2.94 E F0 .44 -(used in a \214lename e)2.94 F .439(xpansion conte)-.15 F .439 -(xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F 1.297 -(more directories and subdirectories.)184 420 R 1.298 -(If the pattern is follo)6.297 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.798 E F0 -3.798(,o)C 1.298(nly directories)-3.798 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -432 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 444 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 456 Q F1(histappend)144 -468 Q F0 .384 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 +(pletions. See)184 660 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.947 E F3(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def) +184 672 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 684 Q F0 .178(If set, the pattern) +5 F F1(**)2.678 E F0 .178(used in a pathname e)2.678 F .178 +(xpansion conte)-.15 F .179(xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F +1.298(more directories and subdirectories.)184 696 R 1.298 +(If the pattern is follo)6.298 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.797 E F0 +3.797(,o)C 1.297(nly directories)-3.797 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +708 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(64)185.955 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 65 65 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(gnu_errfmt)144 84 Q F0(If set, shell error\ + messages are written in the standard GNU error message format.)184 96 Q +F1(histappend)144 108 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -480 R .383(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)2.883 E F0 -.25(va)2.883 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 492 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 504 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 528 Q F1(histv)144 540 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 -(If set, and)184 552 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +120 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 +-.25(va)2.927 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 132 Q +(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 +(histr)144 144 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 156 R F1 -.18(re) +3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F +.575(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 168 Q F1(histv)144 180 Q +(erify)-.1 E F0 .402(If set, and)184 192 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 +E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 564 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 576 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 204 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 216 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 588 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 600 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -612 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 624 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 636 Q F0(If set,) -184 648 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +(hostcomplete)144 228 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 +252 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 276 Q F0(If set,) +184 288 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 660 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 -.33(If set, allo)184 672 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 300 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 +.33(If set, allo)184 312 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 684 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 696 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 708 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)15.55 F F1 -(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) -3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history) --3.154 F(with embedded ne)184 720 Q -(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(63)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 64 64 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(login_shell)144 84 Q F0 .486 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 324 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 336 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 348 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F F1 +(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) +3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history) +-3.155 F(with embedded ne)184 360 Q +(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 +(login_shell)144 372 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) -2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 108 S -(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 120 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 -(If set, and a \214le that)184 132 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 144 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +384 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 396 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 408 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 +420 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.1(wa)184 432 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 156 Q F0 .145(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.645 G(adline).18 E F0 .145(is being used,)2.645 F F1(bash)2.646 E -F0 .146(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.646 G(TH) --.21 E F0 .146(for possible)2.646 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 180 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 192 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 216 S +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 444 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 456 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E +F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 468 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 480 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 492 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 504 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 228 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -240 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F(while e)184 252 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 -E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 264 Q F0 -.855(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 -(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854 -(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o) --3.354 E -.15(ex)184 288 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 300 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 312 R .677(acilities \(see) --.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 324 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 336 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 348 R 1.448 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 360 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 516 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +528 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 +F(while e)184 540 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 +E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 552 Q F0 +.854(If set,)184 564 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 +(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 +(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) +-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 576 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 588 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 600 R .677(acilities \(see) +-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 612 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 624 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 636 R 1.448 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 648 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 -E(This option is enabled by def)184 372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 384 +-.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 660 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 672 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 396 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 408 Q 4.178 +184 684 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 696 Q 4.178 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F 1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) -184 420 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +184 708 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 432 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 444 R F1 -(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 456 Q F1(sour) -144 468 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 480 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) --.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 492 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 504 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 516 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(65)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 66 66 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shift_v)144 84 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501 +(If set, the)184 96 R F1(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 108 Q F1(sour) +144 120 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 132 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .77(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 144 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 156 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 168 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E (xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 540 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 552 R F1<ad66> -2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 564 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 +108 180 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001(Suspend the e)144 192 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.001(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002 +(login shell cannot be)3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 204 R F1<ad66> +2.523 E F0 .023(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 216 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 <ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E -F1(test)108 576 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 588 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 +F1(test)108 228 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 +240 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G -(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.187 -(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 600 R 3.688 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.188(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F -1.89(described abo)144 612 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)4.39 E 1.89(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)6.39 E F0 1.889(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.389(yo)-.15 G 1.889 -(ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 624 Q +(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188 +(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 252 R 3.688 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F +1.889(described abo)144 264 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)4.389 E 1.889(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)6.389 E F0 1.89(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.39(yo)-.15 G 1.89 +(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 276 Q (gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 642 R .786 +E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 294 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5 -(dence. The)144 654 R -.25(eva)2.5 G +(dence. The)144 306 R -.25(eva)2.5 G (luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65 -(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 666 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G +(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 318 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G (ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\() -144 678 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 +144 330 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 (his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 690 Q F3 -.2(ex) -144 702 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 714 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(64)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 65 65 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)144 84 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(o)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S -(ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F2(test)144 112.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 342 Q F3 -.2(ex) +144 354 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 366 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 378 S(pr1).2 E +F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 390 S +(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 406.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 130.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 142.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 154.8 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 166.8 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 424.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 436.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 448.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 460.8 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 178.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 190.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 472.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 484.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 202.8 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 -214.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 -(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 226.8 Q +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 496.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 508.8 Q .553 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 +(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 520.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 238.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 250.8 R .023 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 532.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 544.8 R .023 (gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F -.323 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CON-)2.523 E(DITION)180 262.8 Q -1.477(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F +.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 556.8 Q +1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F 1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513 -(using the \214rst and third ar)180 274.8 R .513(guments as operands.) --.18 F(The)5.513 E F2<ad61>3.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F2<ad6f>3.013 E F0 -.512(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 -(binary operators when there are three ar)180 286.8 R 3.472(guments. If) --.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.472 E F0 -3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .884(the ne)180 298.8 -R -.05(ga)-.15 G .884(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 -(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.383(guments. If)-.18 -F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 310.8 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.374 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.374 F .875 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))3.375 E F0 3.375(,t)C .875 -(he result is the one-ar)-3.375 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) -180 322.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f) --.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 334.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385 -(If the \214rst ar)180 346.8 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.885 E F0 -2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384 -(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-) --.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 358.8 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 +(using the \214rst and third ar)180 568.8 R .513(guments as operands.) +-.18 F(The)5.513 E F1<ad61>3.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F1<ad6f>3.013 E F0 +.513(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 +(binary operators when there are three ar)180 580.8 R 3.472(guments. If) +-.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0 +3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 592.8 +R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 +(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18 +F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 604.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874 +(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) +180 616.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f) +-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 628.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384 +(If the \214rst ar)180 640.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 +2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385 +(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-) +-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 652.8 R 4.147 +(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 370.8 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 382.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments) --.18 E 1.635(The e)180 394.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 664.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 676.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments) +-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 688.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 (luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -406.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F2(times)108 423.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the \ +700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 717.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the \ accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run f\ -rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 435.6 Q F2(trap)108 -452.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 464.4 R F1(ar) -3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F1(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F1 -(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 476.4 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F2<ad>3.108 E -F0 3.108(,e)C .608 -(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 488.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) -144.34 500.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F2<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 512.4 R -F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 524.4 R F2<ad70>3.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 -(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 536.4 R F2<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 548.4 R F1(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.811 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E .745 -(names are case insensiti)144 560.4 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745 -(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F1(sigspec) -3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E F3(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745(\(0\) the command)2.995 F -F1(ar)144.33 572.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.629 -(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)-.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F1 -(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.63 -(the command)3.88 F F1(ar)4.46 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.207(before e)144 584.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 -1.207(simple command)3.707 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.707 E F0(command,)3.706 E -F1(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F1(select)3.706 E F0 1.206 -(command, e)3.706 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.206(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)144 -596.4 Q F0 .412(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.912 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .412(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .413 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0(abo)144 608.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.666 -(\). Refer).15 F .166(to the description of the)2.666 F F2(extdeb)2.666 -E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166(option to the)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.666 G .166(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .508(on the) -144 620.4 R F2(DEB)3.008 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.008(trap. If)3.008 F(a)3.008 E -F1(sigspec)3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508 -(the command)2.758 F F1(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .509(is e)3.228 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .509(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.009(ras).15 G .509 -(imple com-)-3.009 F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 632.4 R 2.506 -(xit status, subject to the follo)-.15 F 2.506(wing conditions.)-.25 F -(The)7.506 E F3(ERR)5.006 E F0 2.506(trap is not)4.756 F -.15(exe)144 -644.4 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105 -(ailed command is part of the command list immediately follo)-.1 F .105 -(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F2(until)2.605 E F0 -.1 -(ke)144 656.4 S(yw)-.05 E .549(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if) -3.059 E F0 .549(statement, part of a command e)5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.549(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F5 10/Symbol SF<efef> -3.049 E F0 .549(list, or if)3.049 F .577(the command')144 668.4 R 3.077 -(sr)-.55 G .577(eturn v)-3.077 F .577(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.4 G .577(rted via).15 F F2(!)3.077 E F0 5.578(.T)C .578 -(hese are the same conditions obe)-5.578 F .578(yed by the)-.15 F F2 -(err)144 680.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.031(option. If)3.031 F(a)3.031 E F1 -(sigspec)3.371 E F0(is)3.341 E F3(RETURN)3.031 E F4(,)A F0 .531 -(the command)2.781 F F1(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E F0 .531(is e)3.251 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .53(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .316 -(or a script e)144 692.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F2 -(.)2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F2(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G -.317(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F -.317(ignored upon entry to)2.817 F .787 -(the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 704.4 R -.35(Tr)5.787 G .787 -(apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their).35 F 1.1 -(original v)144 716.4 R 1.1 -(alues in a child process when it is created.)-.25 F 1.1 -(The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec) -3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 728.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F2 -(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 February 7)140.96 E(65)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 66 66 +rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.1) +72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(66)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0 -(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 -E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G -(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5 +(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec) +2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 96 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2 +(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +144 108 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 +3.108(,e)C .608 +(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F +.658(\(the v)144 120 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 132 Q F0 .581(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .58(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 144 R F2 +(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F +(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 156 R F1<ad70>3.36 E +F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 +(signal. The)144 168 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ + print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.311 +(bers. Each)144 180 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +(names are case insensiti)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 E 1.648(If a)144 210 R F2(sigspec) +4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 +(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 222 Q(UG) +-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F2(ar) +3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0 +(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 234 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 246 R F3 .146 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 258 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 +(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 270 Q F2(ar)3.474 +E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 282 Q -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 300 R F2(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is)3.738 E F3 +(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F2(ar)3.759 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero)-3.429 F -.15(ex) +144 312 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009 +(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 +(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008 +(ailed com-)-.1 F .324 +(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 324 R .324 +(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1 +(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.129(in an)144 +336 R F2(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10 +/Symbol SF<efef>3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.628 +(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 348 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15 +(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C +(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E +(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 +(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 +366 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 378 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 390 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 +E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 +406.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 418.8 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) +3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +F1<ad74>144 430.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .087 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 -(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 442.8 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 454.8 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 466.8 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 -<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 -(PA)3.141 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)2.613 E -F0 2.613(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 -(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2 -(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112 -(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70>2.612 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50> -2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v)2.944 F .444 -(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4 --.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .445(If the) -4.945 F F1<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 192 R F1 -(type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 -G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426 -(and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426 -(option is not also used.)2.926 F .427 -(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549(consulted when using) -144 216 R F1<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)-5.549 E F1<ad66>3.049 E F0 -.548(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1 -(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 228 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) +144 478.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F1<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .112(search for each)144 490.8 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 +(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 +-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) +.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E +F0(and)144 502.8 Q F1<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F +.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3 +-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F1<ad61>2.944 +E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 514.8 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265 +(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 +(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the) +144 526.8 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F +.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548 +(consulted when using)144 538.8 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he) +-5.548 E F1<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549 +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1 +(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 550.8 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 (returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E -(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 244.8 +(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 567.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 256.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 579.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 268.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 +.943(that allo)144 591.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 603.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 292.8 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -304.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 615.6 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +627.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 316.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +.741(of the special v)144 639.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 651.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 340.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 663.6 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 352.8 Q 2.5 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 675.6 Q 2.5 (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -<ad61>144 364.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 -376.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E -F1<ad63>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E -F1<ad64>144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) --.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 412.8 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 424.8 Q -F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) -26.97 E F1<ad69>144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) -27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 460.8 Q F0 +<ad61>144 687.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 +699.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E +F1<ad63>144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E +(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(67)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 68 68 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>144 84 Q F0 +(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E +(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 96 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 108 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97 +E F1<ad69>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1 +<ad6c>144 132 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 472.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ -e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 484.8 Q F1<ad70>144 496.8 Q F0 +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F0 .791(The \ +maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 +168 Q F1<ad70>144 180 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 -<ad71>144 508.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1<ad72>144 -520.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 -532.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 544.8 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 556.8 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 568.8 Q F0 +<ad71>144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +24.74 E F1<ad72>144 204 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) +25.86 E F1<ad73>144 216 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 +228 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 +240 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 252 Q F0 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 580.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 592.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 609.6 Q F2(limit)2.933 E -F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843 -(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61> -2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F -.175(option is gi)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> -2.675 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 633.6 -Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) -A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1 -<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E -3.787(ues. The)144 645.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F +(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 264 Q F0 +(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 276 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 292.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343 +(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi) +144 304.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.676 E F0 .175 +(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 316.8 +Q F1<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) +A F1<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F1 +<ad75>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E +3.788(ues. The)144 328.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 -657.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +340.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 357.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 369.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 698.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -710.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +pted by)144 381.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +393.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 405.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(66)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 67 67 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 96 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) -.15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 -F(If)6.655 E F2<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655 -(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.107 -(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F1(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E -.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607 -(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the) -5.607 F F2<ad76>144 177.6 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.304(n, each).15 F F1(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F -2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305 -(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F2<ad66>144 189.6 Q F0 .46 -(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F1(name)3.32 E F0 .459 -(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 201.6 R .902 +(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 +(mode)144.38 417.6 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 429.6 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 +(unalias)108 446.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 458.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E +F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 +F(remo)144 470.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 487.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 499.2 S 3.106 +(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E +.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607 +(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the) +5.607 F F1<ad76>144 511.2 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F +2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304 +(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1<ad66>144 523.2 Q F0 .459 +(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459 +(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 535.2 R .903 (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 -(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F -(If)5.903 E(an)144 213.6 Q 4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(RANDOM)4.285 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3 -(LINENO)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME) --.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.035 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F3(DIRST) -4.284 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.034 E .328(unset, the)144 -225.6 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya) --.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .329 -(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 237.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0 -(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 2.5(n.)C -(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 266.4 S .288 +(rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F +(If)5.902 E(an)144 547.2 Q 6.915(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.915 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(COMP_W)6.915 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM) +6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3 +(HISTCMD)6.666 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.666 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144 +559.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.523 E F3(DIRST)2.773 E -.495(AC)-.81 +G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272 +(ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G +2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.772(ya)-.15 G .272(re subsequently) +-2.772 F 2.5(reset. The)144 571.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G +(it status is true unless a).15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E +(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 +(Wa)144 600 S .288 (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F -(Each)5.288 E F1(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 -(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722 -(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E -F1(n)3.583 E F0(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 290.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266 -(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 -(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F1(n)4.125 E F0 .456 -(speci\214es a non-e)144 302.4 R .457 +(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 +(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722 +(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w) +-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.582 E F0 +(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265 +(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 +(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457 +(speci\214es a non-e)144 636 R .457 (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457 -(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 314.4 S +(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 648 S (it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 331.2 Q F0(If)108 343.2 Q -F2(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F2(rbash)4.397 -E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F2<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.896 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 355.2 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E -(beha)108 367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F2 +/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 664.8 Q F0(If)108 676.8 Q +F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1(rbash)4.397 +E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.897 +(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 688.8 R .945 +(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 +(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E +(beha)108 700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E -(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 384 -S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 400.8 S -(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(SHELL)2.5 E F0(,)A -F2 -.74(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.21 E F0(,)A F2(ENV)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2 --.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).3 E F0 32.5<8373>108 417.6 S -(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 -434.4 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 -(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F2(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 451.2 S .351 +(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 +717.6 S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 +768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(68)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 69 69 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 32.5<8373>108 84 S(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of) +-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 +-.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F2(,)A F1(ENV)2.25 E F2(,)A F0(or)2.25 E F1 +-.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 32.5<8373>108 100.8 S +(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/)2.5 +E F0 32.5<8373>108 117.6 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E +F3(/)2.5 E F0(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F3(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 +G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 134.4 S .351 (pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .351 -(gument to the)-.18 F F2<ad70>2.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F2 -(hash)2.851 E F0 -.2(bu)2.851 G .351(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 463.2 Q -32.5<8369>108 480 S(mporting function de\214nitions 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