The GNU C++ Library Documentation
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The GNU C++ Library Documentation

Paolo Carlini

Phil Edwards

Doug Gregor

Benjamin Kosnik

Dhruv Matani

Jason Merrill

Mark Mitchell

Nathan Myers

Felix Natter

Stefan Olsson

Johannes Singler

Ami Tavory

Jonathan Wakely

Table of Contents

The GNU C++ Library

I. Introduction

1. Status

Implementation Status

C++ 1998/2003
C++ TR1
C++ 200x

License

The Code: GPL
The Documentation: GPL, FDL

Bugs

Implementation Bugs
Standard Bugs

Organization
Running the Testsuite
Writing a new test case
Test Harness and Utilities

3. Using

Linking Library Binary Files

Headers

Header Files
Mixing Headers
The C Headers and namespace std
Precompiled Headers

Namespaces

Available Namespaces
namespace std
Using Namespace Composition

Macros

Concurrency

Prerequisites
Thread Safety
Atomics
IO
Containers

Exceptions

Propagating Exceptions aka Exception Neutrality
Exception Safety
Support for -fno-exceptions

Debugging Support

Using g++
Debug Versions of Library Binary Files
Memory Leak Hunting
Using gdb
Tracking uncaught exceptions
Debug Mode
Compile Time Checking

II. Support

4. Types

Fundamental Types
Numeric Properties
NULL

5. Dynamic Memory

6. Termination

Termination Handlers
Verbose Terminate Handler

III. Diagnostics

7. Exceptions

Exception Classes
Adding Data to Exceptions
Cancellation

8. Concept Checking

Requirements
Design Issues
Implementation
Using a Specific Allocator
Custom Allocators
Extension Allocators

auto_ptr

Limitations
Use in Containers

shared_ptr

Requirements
Design Issues
Implementation
Use
Acknowledgments

12. Traits

V. Strings

13. String Classes

Simple Transformations
Case Sensitivity
Arbitrary Character Types
Tokenizing
Shrink to Fit
CString (MFC)

VI. Localization

14. Locales

locale

Requirements
Design
Implementation
Future

15. Facets aka Categories

ctype

Implementation
Future

codecvt

Requirements
Design
Implementation
Use
Future

messages

Requirements
Design
Implementation
Use
Future

VII. Containers

16. Sequences

list

list::size() is O(n)

vector

Space Overhead Management

17. Associative

Insertion Hints

bitset

Size Variable
Type String

18. Interacting with C

Containers vs. Arrays

VIII. Iterators

19. Predefined

Iterators vs. Pointers
One Past the End

IX. Algorithms

20. Mutating

swap

Specializations

X. Numerics

21. Complex

complex Processing

22. Generalized Operations

23. Interacting with C

Numerics vs. Arrays
C99

XI. Input and Output

24. Iostream Objects

25. Stream Buffers

Derived streambuf Classes
Buffering

26. Memory Based Streams

Compatibility With strstream

27. File Based Streams

Copying a File
Binary Input and Output
More Binary Input and Output

28. Interacting with C

Using FILE* and file descriptors
Performance

XII. Extensions

29. Compile Time Checks

Using the Debug Mode
Using a Specific Debug Container

Design

Goals
Methods
Other Implementations

31. Parallel Mode

Intro

Semantics

Using

Prerequisite Compiler Flags
Using Parallel Mode
Using Specific Parallel Components

Design

Interface Basics
Configuration and Tuning
Implementation Namespaces

Intro
Design Issues
Implementation
Single Thread Example
Multiple Thread Example

bitmap_allocator

Design
Implementation

33. Containers

Policy Based Data Structures
HP/SGI
Deprecated HP/SGI

38. Input and Output

Derived filebufs

39. Demangling

40. Concurrency

Design

Interface to Locks and Mutexes
Interface to Atomic Functions

Implementation

Using Builtin Atomic Functions
Thread Abstraction

Use

A. Contributing

Contributor Checklist

Reading
Assignment
Getting Sources
Submitting Patches

Directory Layout and Source Conventions

Coding Style

Bad Identifiers
By Example

Documentation Style

Doxygen
Docbook

Design Notes

B. Porting and Maintenance

Configure and Build Hacking

Prerequisites
Overview: What Comes from Where
Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)
Coding and Commenting Conventions
The acinclude.m4 layout
GLIBCXX_ENABLE, the --enable maker

Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems

Operating System
CPU
Character Types
Thread Safety
Numeric Limits
Libtool

ABI Policy and Guidelines

The C++ Interface
Versioning
Allowed Changes
Prohibited Changes
Implementation
Testing
Outstanding Issues

API Evolution and Deprecation History

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3

Backwards Compatibility

First
Second
Third

C. Free Software Needs Free Documentation

D. GNU General Public License version 3

E. GNU Free Documentation License

Index

API and Source Level Documentation

Frequently Asked Questions