17 files changed, 35312 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/Make-lang.in b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/Make-lang.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..321c0d688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/Make-lang.in
@@ -0,0 +1,1012 @@
+# Top level -*- makefile -*- fragment for GNU Ada (GNAT).
+#   Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
+#   2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
+#   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+#This file is part of GCC.
+
+#GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+#it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+#the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+#any later version.
+
+#GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+#GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+#You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+#along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+#<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# This file provides the language dependent support in the main Makefile.
+# Each language makefile fragment must provide the following targets:
+#
+# foo.all.cross, foo.start.encap, foo.rest.encap,
+# foo.install-common, foo.install-man, foo.install-info, foo.install-pdf,
+# foo.install-html, foo.info, foo.dvi, foo.pdf, foo.html, foo.uninstall,
+# foo.mostlyclean, foo.clean, foo.distclean,
+# foo.maintainer-clean, foo.stage1, foo.stage2, foo.stage3, foo.stage4
+#
+# where `foo' is the name of the language.
+#
+# It should also provide rules for:
+#
+# - making any compiler driver (eg: g++)
+# - the compiler proper (eg: cc1plus)
+# - define the names for selecting the language in LANGUAGES.
+# tool definitions
+CP = cp -p
+ECHO = echo
+MV = mv
+MKDIR = mkdir -p
+RM = rm -f
+RMDIR = rm -rf
+
+
+# Extra flags to pass to recursive makes.
+COMMON_ADAFLAGS= -gnatpg
+ifeq ($(TREECHECKING),)
+CHECKING_ADAFLAGS=
+else
+CHECKING_ADAFLAGS= -gnata
+endif
+WARN_ADAFLAGS= -W -Wall
+
+# For native builds, the base compiler might be old and we need to arrange for
+# style warnings not to be flagged as errors during stage1.  Cross compilers
+# need to be built by a recent/matching native so we might as well leave the
+# checks fully active.
+
+ifeq ($(CROSS),)
+ADAFLAGS= $(COMMON_ADAFLAGS) -gnatwns
+else
+ADAFLAGS= $(COMMON_ADAFLAGS)
+endif
+
+ALL_ADAFLAGS = \
+  $(CFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) $(ADAFLAGS) $(CHECKING_ADAFLAGS) $(WARN_ADAFLAGS)
+FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS = -g
+ADA_CFLAGS =
+ADA_INCLUDES = -nostdinc -I- -I. -Iada -I$(srcdir)/ada -I$(srcdir)/ada/gcc-interface
+GNATLIBFLAGS= -W -Wall -gnatpg -nostdinc
+GNATLIBCFLAGS= -g -O2 $(TCFLAGS)
+ADA_INCLUDE_DIR = $(libsubdir)/adainclude
+ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR = $(libsubdir)/adalib
+THREAD_KIND=native
+TRACE=no
+# We do not want the WARN_CFLAGS of the compiler in Ada as it is for C/C++.
+COMMON_FLAGS_TO_PASS = $(filter-out $(WARN_CFLAGS), $(FLAGS_TO_PASS))
+ADA_FLAGS_TO_PASS = \
+	"ADA_FOR_BUILD=$(ADA_FOR_BUILD)"	\
+	"ADA_INCLUDE_DIR=$(ADA_INCLUDE_DIR)"	\
+	"ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR=$(ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR)"	\
+	"ADAFLAGS=$(ADAFLAGS) $(WARN_ADAFLAGS)"	\
+	"ADA_FOR_TARGET=$(ADA_FOR_TARGET)"	\
+	"INSTALL=$(INSTALL)" 			\
+	"INSTALL_DATA=$(INSTALL_DATA)"		\
+	"INSTALL_PROGRAM=$(INSTALL_PROGRAM)"
+
+# List of Ada tools to build and install
+ADA_TOOLS=gnatbind gnatchop gnat gnatkr gnatlink gnatls gnatmake \
+          gnatname gnatprep gnatxref gnatfind gnatclean gnatsym
+
+# Say how to compile Ada programs.
+.SUFFIXES: .ada .adb .ads
+
+# FIXME: need to add $(ADA_CFLAGS) to .c.o suffix rule
+# Use mildly strict warnings for this front end and add special flags.
+ada-warn = $(ADA_CFLAGS) $(filter-out -pedantic, $(STRICT_WARN))
+# Unresolved warnings in specific files.
+ada/adaint.o-warn = -Wno-error
+
+ada/%.o: ada/gcc-interface/%.c
+	$(COMPILE) $<
+	$(POSTCOMPILE)
+
+# Function that dumps the dependencies of an Ada object file by parsing the
+# associated ALI file.  We match the lines starting with D to achieve that.
+ADA_DEPS=case $@ in \
+            *sdefault.o);; \
+            *)a="`echo $@ | sed -e 's/.o$$/.ali/'`"; \
+                echo "$@: `cat $$a | \
+                sed -ne 's;^D \([a-z0-9_\.-]*\).*;ada/\1;gp' | \
+                tr -d '\015' | tr '\n' ' '`" > $(dir $@)/$(DEPDIR)/$(patsubst %.o,%.Po,$(notdir $@));; \
+         esac;
+
+.adb.o:
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+	@$(ADA_DEPS)
+
+.ads.o:
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+	@$(ADA_DEPS)
+
+# Define the names for selecting Ada in LANGUAGES.
+ada: gnat1$(exeext) gnatbind$(exeext)
+
+# Tell GNU Make to ignore these, if they exist.
+.PHONY: ada
+
+CXX_LFLAGS = \
+ -B../../../$(target_noncanonical)/libstdc++-v3/src/.libs \
+ -B../../../$(target_noncanonical)/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/.libs \
+ -L../../../$(target_noncanonical)/libstdc++-v3/src/.libs \
+ -L../../../$(target_noncanonical)/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/.libs
+
+# There are too many Ada sources to check against here.  Let's
+# always force the recursive make.
+ifeq ($(build), $(host))
+  ifeq ($(host), $(target))
+    # This is a regular native. So use the compiler from our current build
+    # tree.
+    ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS=\
+        CC="../../xgcc -B../../" \
+        CXX="../../xg++ -B../../ $(CXX_LFLAGS)" \
+        $(COMMON_FLAGS_TO_PASS) $(ADA_FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+        ADA_INCLUDES="-I- -I../rts" \
+        GNATMAKE="../../gnatmake" \
+        GNATLINK="../../gnatlink" \
+        GNATBIND="../../gnatbind"
+  else
+    # This is a regular cross compiler. Use the native compiler to compile
+    # the tools.
+
+    # put the host RTS dir first in the PATH to hide the default runtime
+    # files that are among the sources
+    ifneq ($(findstring ada,$(LANGUAGES)),)
+      RTS_DIR:=$(strip $(subst \,/,$(shell gnatls -v | grep adalib )))
+    endif
+
+    ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS=\
+        CC="$(CC)" \
+        CXX="$(CXX)" \
+        $(COMMON_FLAGS_TO_PASS) $(ADA_FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+        ADA_INCLUDES="-I$(RTS_DIR)/../adainclude -I$(RTS_DIR)" \
+        GNATMAKE="gnatmake" \
+        GNATBIND="gnatbind" \
+        GNATLINK="gnatlink" \
+        LIBGNAT=""
+  endif
+else
+  # Build is different from host so we are either building a canadian cross
+  # or a cross-native compiler. We provide defaults for tools targeting the
+  # host platform, but they can be overriden by just setting <tool>_FOR_HOST
+  # variables. 
+  GNATMAKE_FOR_HOST=$(host)-gnatmake
+  GNATBIND_FOR_HOST=$(host)-gnatbind
+  GNATLINK_FOR_HOST=$(host)-gnatlink
+  GNATLS_FOR_HOST=$(host)-gnatls
+
+  ifeq ($(host), $(target))
+    # This is a cross native. All the sources are taken from the currently
+    # built runtime.
+    ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS=\
+        CC="$(CC)" \
+        CXX="$(CXX)" \
+        $(COMMON_FLAGS_TO_PASS) $(ADA_FLAGS_TO_PASS)  \
+        ADA_INCLUDES="-I../rts"                \
+        GNATMAKE="$(GNATMAKE_FOR_HOST)"      \
+        GNATBIND="$(GNATBIND_FOR_HOST)"      \
+        GNATLINK="$(GNATLINK_FOR_HOST)"      \
+        LIBGNAT=""
+  else
+    # This is a canadian cross. We should use a toolchain running on the
+    # build platform and targeting the host platform.
+    ifneq ($(findstring ada,$(LANGUAGES)),)
+      RTS_DIR:=$(strip $(subst \,/,$(shell $(GNATLS_FOR_HOST) -v | grep adalib )))
+    endif
+    ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS=\
+        CC="$(CC)" \
+        CXX="$(CXX)" \
+        $(COMMON_FLAGS_TO_PASS) $(ADA_FLAGS_TO_PASS)  \
+        ADA_INCLUDES="-I$(RTS_DIR)/../adainclude -I$(RTS_DIR)" \
+        GNATMAKE="$(GNATMAKE_FOR_HOST)"      \
+        GNATBIND="$(GNATBIND_FOR_HOST)"      \
+        GNATLINK="$(GNATLINK_FOR_HOST)"      \
+        LIBGNAT=""
+  endif
+endif
+
+# Strip -Werror during linking for the LTO bootstrap
+GCC_LINKERFLAGS = $(filter-out -Werror, $(ALL_LINKERFLAGS))
+
+GCC_LINK=$(LINKER) $(GCC_LINKERFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
+GCC_LLINK=$(LLINKER) $(GCC_LINKERFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
+
+# Lists of files for various purposes.
+
+# Languages-specific object files for Ada.
+
+# Object files for gnat1 from C sources.
+GNAT1_C_OBJS = ada/adadecode.o ada/adaint.o ada/argv.o ada/cio.o \
+ ada/cstreams.o ada/env.o ada/init.o ada/initialize.o ada/raise.o \
+ ada/seh_init.o ada/targext.o ada/cuintp.o ada/decl.o \
+ ada/misc.o ada/utils.o ada/utils2.o ada/trans.o ada/targtyps.o
+
+# Object files from Ada sources that are used by gnat1
+GNAT_ADA_OBJS =	\
+ ada/a-charac.o	\
+ ada/a-chlat1.o	\
+ ada/a-elchha.o	\
+ ada/a-except.o	\
+ ada/a-ioexce.o	\
+ ada/ada.o	\
+ ada/spark_xrefs.o	\
+ ada/ali.o	\
+ ada/alloc.o	\
+ ada/aspects.o  \
+ ada/atree.o	\
+ ada/butil.o	\
+ ada/casing.o	\
+ ada/checks.o	\
+ ada/comperr.o	\
+ ada/csets.o	\
+ ada/cstand.o	\
+ ada/debug.o	\
+ ada/debug_a.o	\
+ ada/einfo.o	\
+ ada/elists.o	\
+ ada/err_vars.o	\
+ ada/errout.o	\
+ ada/erroutc.o	\
+ ada/eval_fat.o	\
+ ada/exp_aggr.o	\
+ ada/exp_spark.o	\
+ ada/exp_atag.o	\
+ ada/exp_attr.o	\
+ ada/exp_cg.o \
+ ada/exp_ch11.o	\
+ ada/exp_ch12.o	\
+ ada/exp_ch13.o	\
+ ada/exp_ch2.o	\
+ ada/exp_ch3.o	\
+ ada/exp_ch4.o	\
+ ada/exp_ch5.o	\
+ ada/exp_ch6.o	\
+ ada/exp_ch7.o	\
+ ada/exp_ch8.o	\
+ ada/exp_ch9.o	\
+ ada/exp_code.o	\
+ ada/exp_dbug.o	\
+ ada/exp_disp.o	\
+ ada/exp_dist.o	\
+ ada/exp_fixd.o	\
+ ada/exp_imgv.o	\
+ ada/exp_intr.o	\
+ ada/exp_pakd.o	\
+ ada/exp_prag.o	\
+ ada/exp_sel.o	\
+ ada/exp_smem.o	\
+ ada/exp_strm.o	\
+ ada/exp_tss.o	\
+ ada/exp_util.o	\
+ ada/exp_vfpt.o	\
+ ada/expander.o	\
+ ada/fmap.o	\
+ ada/fname-uf.o	\
+ ada/fname.o	\
+ ada/freeze.o	\
+ ada/frontend.o	\
+ ada/g-byorma.o	\
+ ada/g-hesora.o	\
+ ada/g-htable.o	\
+ ada/g-spchge.o	\
+ ada/g-speche.o	\
+ ada/g-u3spch.o	\
+ ada/get_spark_xrefs.o	\
+ ada/get_targ.o	\
+ ada/gnat.o	\
+ ada/gnatvsn.o	\
+ ada/hostparm.o	\
+ ada/impunit.o	\
+ ada/inline.o	\
+ ada/interfac.o	\
+ ada/itypes.o	\
+ ada/krunch.o	\
+ ada/layout.o	\
+ ada/lib-load.o	\
+ ada/lib-util.o	\
+ ada/lib-writ.o	\
+ ada/lib-xref.o	\
+ ada/lib.o	\
+ ada/live.o	\
+ ada/namet-sp.o	\
+ ada/namet.o	\
+ ada/nlists.o	\
+ ada/nmake.o	\
+ ada/opt.o	\
+ ada/osint-c.o	\
+ ada/osint.o	\
+ ada/output.o	\
+ ada/par.o	\
+ ada/par_sco.o	\
+ ada/prep.o	\
+ ada/prepcomp.o	\
+ ada/put_spark_xrefs.o	\
+ ada/put_scos.o	\
+ ada/repinfo.o	\
+ ada/restrict.o	\
+ ada/rident.o	\
+ ada/rtsfind.o	\
+ ada/s-addope.o	\
+ ada/s-assert.o	\
+ ada/s-bitops.o	\
+ ada/s-carun8.o	\
+ ada/s-casuti.o	\
+ ada/s-conca2.o	\
+ ada/s-conca3.o	\
+ ada/s-conca4.o	\
+ ada/s-conca5.o	\
+ ada/s-conca6.o	\
+ ada/s-conca7.o	\
+ ada/s-conca8.o	\
+ ada/s-conca9.o	\
+ ada/s-crc32.o	\
+ ada/s-crtl.o	\
+ ada/s-excdeb.o	\
+ ada/s-except.o	\
+ ada/s-exctab.o	\
+ ada/s-htable.o	\
+ ada/s-imenne.o	\
+ ada/s-imgenu.o	\
+ ada/s-mastop.o	\
+ ada/s-memory.o	\
+ ada/s-os_lib.o	\
+ ada/s-parame.o	\
+ ada/s-purexc.o	\
+ ada/s-restri.o	\
+ ada/s-secsta.o	\
+ ada/s-soflin.o	\
+ ada/s-sopco3.o	\
+ ada/s-sopco4.o	\
+ ada/s-sopco5.o	\
+ ada/s-stache.o	\
+ ada/s-stalib.o	\
+ ada/s-stoele.o	\
+ ada/s-strcom.o	\
+ ada/s-strhas.o	\
+ ada/s-string.o	\
+ ada/s-strops.o	\
+ ada/s-traent.o	\
+ ada/s-unstyp.o	\
+ ada/s-utf_32.o	\
+ ada/s-valint.o	\
+ ada/s-valuns.o	\
+ ada/s-valuti.o	\
+ ada/s-wchcnv.o	\
+ ada/s-wchcon.o	\
+ ada/s-wchjis.o	\
+ ada/scans.o	\
+ ada/scil_ll.o	\
+ ada/scn.o	\
+ ada/scng.o	\
+ ada/scos.o	\
+ ada/sdefault.o	\
+ ada/sem.o	\
+ ada/sem_aggr.o	\
+ ada/sem_attr.o	\
+ ada/sem_aux.o	\
+ ada/sem_case.o	\
+ ada/sem_cat.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch10.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch11.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch12.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch13.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch2.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch3.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch4.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch5.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch6.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch7.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch8.o	\
+ ada/sem_ch9.o	\
+ ada/sem_dim.o  \
+ ada/sem_disp.o	\
+ ada/sem_dist.o	\
+ ada/sem_elab.o	\
+ ada/sem_elim.o	\
+ ada/sem_eval.o	\
+ ada/sem_intr.o	\
+ ada/sem_mech.o	\
+ ada/sem_prag.o	\
+ ada/sem_res.o	\
+ ada/sem_scil.o	\
+ ada/sem_smem.o	\
+ ada/sem_type.o	\
+ ada/sem_util.o	\
+ ada/sem_vfpt.o	\
+ ada/sem_warn.o	\
+ ada/set_targ.o \
+ ada/sinfo-cn.o	\
+ ada/sinfo.o	\
+ ada/sinput-d.o	\
+ ada/sinput-l.o	\
+ ada/sinput.o	\
+ ada/snames.o	\
+ ada/sprint.o	\
+ ada/stand.o	\
+ ada/stringt.o	\
+ ada/style.o	\
+ ada/styleg.o	\
+ ada/stylesw.o	\
+ ada/switch-c.o	\
+ ada/switch.o	\
+ ada/system.o	\
+ ada/table.o	\
+ ada/targparm.o	\
+ ada/tbuild.o	\
+ ada/tree_gen.o	\
+ ada/tree_in.o	\
+ ada/tree_io.o	\
+ ada/treepr.o	\
+ ada/treeprs.o	\
+ ada/ttypes.o	\
+ ada/types.o	\
+ ada/uintp.o	\
+ ada/uname.o	\
+ ada/urealp.o	\
+ ada/usage.o	\
+ ada/validsw.o	\
+ ada/warnsw.o	\
+ ada/widechar.o
+
+# Object files for gnat executables
+GNAT1_ADA_OBJS = $(GNAT_ADA_OBJS) ada/back_end.o ada/gnat1drv.o
+
+GNAT1_OBJS = $(GNAT1_C_OBJS) $(GNAT1_ADA_OBJS) ada/b_gnat1.o
+
+GNATBIND_OBJS = \
+ ada/a-clrefi.o   \
+ ada/a-comlin.o   \
+ ada/a-elchha.o   \
+ ada/a-except.o   \
+ ada/ada.o        \
+ ada/adaint.o     \
+ ada/ali-util.o   \
+ ada/ali.o        \
+ ada/alloc.o      \
+ ada/argv.o       \
+ ada/aspects.o    \
+ ada/atree.o      \
+ ada/bcheck.o     \
+ ada/binde.o      \
+ ada/binderr.o    \
+ ada/bindgen.o    \
+ ada/bindusg.o    \
+ ada/butil.o      \
+ ada/casing.o     \
+ ada/cio.o        \
+ ada/csets.o      \
+ ada/cstreams.o   \
+ ada/debug.o      \
+ ada/einfo.o      \
+ ada/elists.o     \
+ ada/env.o        \
+ ada/err_vars.o   \
+ ada/errout.o     \
+ ada/erroutc.o    \
+ ada/exit.o       \
+ ada/final.o      \
+ ada/fmap.o       \
+ ada/fname-uf.o   \
+ ada/fname.o      \
+ ada/g-byorma.o   \
+ ada/g-hesora.o   \
+ ada/g-htable.o   \
+ ada/gnat.o       \
+ ada/gnatbind.o   \
+ ada/gnatvsn.o    \
+ ada/hostparm.o   \
+ ada/init.o       \
+ ada/initialize.o \
+ ada/interfac.o   \
+ ada/krunch.o     \
+ ada/lib.o        \
+ ada/link.o       \
+ ada/namet.o      \
+ ada/nlists.o     \
+ ada/opt.o        \
+ ada/osint-b.o    \
+ ada/osint.o      \
+ ada/output.o     \
+ ada/raise.o      \
+ ada/restrict.o   \
+ ada/rident.o     \
+ ada/s-addope.o   \
+ ada/s-assert.o   \
+ ada/s-carun8.o   \
+ ada/s-casuti.o   \
+ ada/s-conca2.o   \
+ ada/s-conca3.o   \
+ ada/s-conca4.o   \
+ ada/s-conca5.o   \
+ ada/s-conca6.o   \
+ ada/s-conca7.o   \
+ ada/s-conca8.o   \
+ ada/s-conca9.o   \
+ ada/s-crc32.o    \
+ ada/s-crtl.o     \
+ ada/s-excdeb.o   \
+ ada/s-except.o   \
+ ada/s-exctab.o   \
+ ada/s-htable.o   \
+ ada/s-imenne.o   \
+ ada/s-imgenu.o   \
+ ada/s-mastop.o   \
+ ada/s-memory.o   \
+ ada/s-os_lib.o   \
+ ada/s-parame.o   \
+ ada/s-restri.o   \
+ ada/s-secsta.o   \
+ ada/s-soflin.o   \
+ ada/s-sopco3.o   \
+ ada/s-sopco4.o   \
+ ada/s-sopco5.o   \
+ ada/s-stache.o   \
+ ada/s-stalib.o   \
+ ada/s-stoele.o   \
+ ada/s-strhas.o   \
+ ada/s-string.o   \
+ ada/s-strops.o   \
+ ada/s-traent.o   \
+ ada/s-unstyp.o   \
+ ada/s-utf_32.o   \
+ ada/s-wchcnv.o   \
+ ada/s-wchcon.o   \
+ ada/s-wchjis.o   \
+ ada/scans.o      \
+ ada/scil_ll.o    \
+ ada/scng.o       \
+ ada/sdefault.o   \
+ ada/seh_init.o   \
+ ada/sem_aux.o    \
+ ada/sinfo.o      \
+ ada/sinput-c.o   \
+ ada/sinput.o     \
+ ada/snames.o     \
+ ada/stand.o      \
+ ada/stringt.o    \
+ ada/style.o      \
+ ada/styleg.o     \
+ ada/stylesw.o    \
+ ada/switch-b.o   \
+ ada/switch.o     \
+ ada/system.o     \
+ ada/table.o      \
+ ada/targext.o    \
+ ada/targparm.o   \
+ ada/tree_io.o    \
+ ada/types.o      \
+ ada/uintp.o      \
+ ada/uname.o      \
+ ada/urealp.o     \
+ ada/widechar.o
+
+# Language-independent object files.
+ADA_BACKEND = $(BACKEND) attribs.o
+
+# List of target dependent sources, overridden below as necessary
+TARGET_ADA_SRCS =
+
+# Needs to be built with CC=gcc
+# Since the RTL should be built with the latest compiler, remove the
+#  stamp target in the parent directory whenever gnat1 is rebuilt
+gnat1$(exeext): $(TARGET_ADA_SRCS) $(GNAT1_OBJS) $(ADA_BACKEND) libcommon-target.a $(LIBDEPS)
+	+$(GCC_LLINK) -o $@ $(GNAT1_OBJS) $(ADA_BACKEND) \
+	  libcommon-target.a $(LIBS) $(SYSLIBS) $(BACKENDLIBS) $(CFLAGS)
+	$(RM) stamp-gnatlib2-rts stamp-tools
+
+gnatbind$(exeext): ada/b_gnatb.o $(CONFIG_H) $(GNATBIND_OBJS) ggc-none.o libcommon-target.a $(LIBDEPS)
+	+$(GCC_LINK) -o $@ ada/b_gnatb.o $(GNATBIND_OBJS) ggc-none.o libcommon-target.a $(LIBS) $(SYSLIBS) $(CFLAGS)
+
+# use target-gcc target-gnatmake target-gnatbind target-gnatlink
+gnattools: $(GCC_PARTS) $(CONFIG_H) prefix.o force
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) gnattools1
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) gnattools2
+
+regnattools:
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) gnattools1-re
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) gnattools2
+
+cross-gnattools: force
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) gnattools1-re
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) gnattools2
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) gnattools4
+
+canadian-gnattools: force
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) gnattools1-re
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) gnattools2
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(ADA_TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) gnattools4
+
+gnatlib gnatlib-sjlj gnatlib-zcx gnatlib-shared: force
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(COMMON_FLAGS_TO_PASS)  \
+	   GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	   GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS)" \
+	   TARGET_LIBGCC2_CFLAGS="$(TARGET_LIBGCC2_CFLAGS)" \
+	   THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+	   TRACE="$(TRACE)" \
+	   FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS="$(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS)" \
+	   $@
+
+# use only for native compiler
+gnatlib_and_tools: gnatlib gnattools
+
+# Build hooks:
+
+ada.all.cross:
+	for tool in $(ADA_TOOLS) ; do \
+	  if [ -f $$tool$(exeext) ] ; \
+	  then \
+	    $(MV) $$tool$(exeext) $$tool-cross$(exeext); \
+	  fi; \
+	done
+
+ada.start.encap:
+ada.rest.encap:
+ada.man:
+ada.srcextra:
+ada.srcman:
+
+ada.tags: force
+	cd $(srcdir)/ada && etags -o TAGS.sub *.c *.h *.ads *.adb && \
+	etags --include TAGS.sub --include ../TAGS.sub
+
+
+# Generate documentation.
+
+ada/doctools/xgnatugn$(build_exeext): ada/xgnatugn.adb
+	-$(MKDIR) ada/doctools
+	$(CP) $^ ada/doctools
+	cd ada/doctools && gnatmake -q xgnatugn
+
+# Note that doc/gnat_ugn.texi and doc/projects.texi do not depend on
+# xgnatugn being built so we can distribute a pregenerated doc/gnat_ugn.info
+
+doc/gnat_ugn.texi: $(srcdir)/ada/gnat_ugn.texi $(srcdir)/ada/ug_words \
+   doc/projects.texi $(gcc_docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi gcc-vers.texi
+	$(MAKE) ada/doctools/xgnatugn$(build_exeext)
+	ada/doctools/xgnatugn unw $(srcdir)/ada/gnat_ugn.texi \
+	   $(srcdir)/ada/ug_words doc/gnat_ugn.texi
+
+doc/projects.texi: $(srcdir)/ada/projects.texi
+	$(MAKE) ada/doctools/xgnatugn$(build_exeext)
+	ada/doctools/xgnatugn unw $(srcdir)/ada/projects.texi \
+	   $(srcdir)/ada/ug_words doc/projects.texi
+
+doc/gnat_ugn.info: doc/gnat_ugn.texi			\
+   $(gcc_docdir)/include/fdl.texi $(gcc_docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi	\
+   gcc-vers.texi
+	if [ x$(BUILD_INFO) = xinfo ]; then \
+	  rm -f $(@)*; \
+	  $(MAKEINFO) $(MAKEINFOFLAGS) -I$(gcc_docdir)/include \
+            -I$(srcdir)/ada -o $@ $<; \
+	else true; fi
+
+doc/gnat_rm.info: ada/gnat_rm.texi $(gcc_docdir)/include/fdl.texi	\
+   $(gcc_docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi gcc-vers.texi
+	if [ x$(BUILD_INFO) = xinfo ]; then \
+	  rm -f $(@)*; \
+	  $(MAKEINFO) $(MAKEINFOFLAGS) -I$(gcc_docdir)/include \
+            -I$(srcdir)/ada -o $@ $<; \
+	else true; fi
+
+doc/gnat-style.info: ada/gnat-style.texi $(gcc_docdir)/include/fdl.texi	\
+   $(gcc_docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi gcc-vers.texi
+	if [ x$(BUILD_INFO) = xinfo ]; then \
+	  rm -f $(@)*; \
+	  $(MAKEINFO) $(MAKEINFOFLAGS) -I$(gcc_docdir)/include \
+            -I$(srcdir)/ada -o $@ $<; \
+	else true; fi
+
+ADA_INFOFILES = doc/gnat_ugn.info doc/gnat_ugn.texi \
+                doc/gnat_rm.info doc/gnat-style.info
+
+ada.info: $(ADA_INFOFILES)
+
+ada.srcinfo: $(ADA_INFOFILES)
+	-$(CP) $^ $(srcdir)/doc
+
+ada.install-info: $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/gnat_ugn.info \
+	$(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/gnat_rm.info \
+	$(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/gnat-style.info
+
+ada.dvi: doc/gnat_ugn.dvi \
+      doc/gnat_rm.dvi doc/gnat-style.dvi
+
+ADA_PDFFILES = doc/gnat_ugn.pdf \
+               doc/gnat_rm.pdf doc/gnat-style.pdf
+
+ada.pdf: $(ADA_PDFFILES)
+
+ada.install-pdf: $(ADA_PDFFILES)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	test -z "$(pdfdir)/gcc" || $(mkinstalldirs) "$(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)/gcc"
+	@list='$(ADA_PDFFILES)'; for p in $$list; do \
+	  if test -f "$$p"; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
+	  f=$(pdf__strip_dir) \
+	  echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) '$$d$$p' '$(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)/gcc/$$f'"; \
+	  $(INSTALL_DATA) "$$d$$p" "$(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)/gcc/$$f"; \
+	done
+
+ada.html:
+
+ada.install-html:
+
+doc/gnat_ugn.dvi: doc/gnat_ugn.texi $(gcc_docdir)/include/fdl.texi	\
+	$(gcc_docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi gcc-vers.texi
+	$(TEXI2DVI) -c -I $(abs_docdir)/include -o $@ $<
+
+doc/gnat_rm.dvi: ada/gnat_rm.texi $(gcc_docdir)/include/fdl.texi	\
+	$(gcc_docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi gcc-vers.texi
+	$(TEXI2DVI) -c -I $(abs_docdir)/include -o $@ $<
+
+doc/gnat-style.dvi: ada/gnat-style.texi $(gcc_docdir)/include/fdl.texi
+	$(TEXI2DVI) -c -I $(abs_docdir)/include -o $@ $<
+
+doc/gnat_ugn.pdf: doc/gnat_ugn.texi $(gcc_docdir)/include/fdl.texi	\
+	$(gcc_docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi gcc-vers.texi
+	$(TEXI2PDF) -c -I $(abs_docdir)/include -o $@ $<
+
+doc/gnat_rm.pdf: ada/gnat_rm.texi $(gcc_docdir)/include/fdl.texi	\
+	$(gcc_docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi gcc-vers.texi
+	$(TEXI2PDF) -c -I $(abs_docdir)/include -o $@ $<
+
+doc/gnat-style.pdf: ada/gnat-style.texi $(gcc_docdir)/include/fdl.texi
+	$(TEXI2PDF) -c -I $(abs_docdir)/include -o $@ $<
+
+
+# Install hooks:
+# gnat1 is installed elsewhere as part of $(COMPILERS).
+
+# Install the binder program as gnatbind (native) or $(prefix)gnatbind
+# (cross). $(prefix) comes from the --program-prefix configure option,
+# or from the --target option if the former is not specified.
+# Do the same for the rest of the Ada tools (gnatchop, gnat, gnatkr,
+# gnatlink, gnatls, gnatmake, gnatname, gnatprep, gnatxref, gnatfind,
+# gnatclean, gnatsym).
+# gnatsym is only built on some platforms, including VMS.
+# gnatdll is only used on Windows.
+# vxaddr2line is only used for cross VxWorks ports (it calls the underlying
+# cross addr2line).
+ada.install-common:
+	$(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)
+	-if [ -f gnat1$(exeext) ] ; \
+	then \
+	  for tool in $(ADA_TOOLS) ; do \
+	    install_name=`echo $$tool|sed '$(program_transform_name)'`$(exeext); \
+	    $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$install_name; \
+	    if [ -f $$tool-cross$(exeext) ] ; \
+	    then \
+	      $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$tool-cross$(exeext) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$install_name; \
+	    else \
+	      $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$tool$(exeext) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$install_name; \
+	    fi ; \
+	  done; \
+	  $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/gnatdll$(exeext); \
+	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) gnatdll$(exeext) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/gnatdll$(exeext); \
+	  if [ -f vxaddr2line$(exeext) ] ; \
+	  then \
+	    $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/vxaddr2line$(exeext); \
+	    $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) vxaddr2line$(exeext) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/vxaddr2line$(exeext); \
+	  fi ; \
+	fi
+
+#
+# Finally, install the library
+#
+	-if [ -f gnat1$(exeext) ] ; \
+	then \
+	  $(MAKE) $(COMMON_FLAGS_TO_PASS) $(ADA_FLAGS_TO_PASS) install-gnatlib; \
+	fi
+
+install-gnatlib:
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(COMMON_FLAGS_TO_PASS) $(ADA_FLAGS_TO_PASS) install-gnatlib$(LIBGNAT_TARGET)
+
+install-gnatlib-obj:
+	$(MAKE) -C ada $(COMMON_FLAGS_TO_PASS) $(ADA_FLAGS_TO_PASS) install-gnatlib-obj
+
+ada.install-man:
+ada.install-plugin:
+
+ada.uninstall:
+	for tool in $(ADA_TOOLS) ; do \
+	  install_name=`echo $$tool|sed '$(program_transform_name)'`$(exeext); \
+	  -$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$install_name; \
+	done
+	-$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(tooldir)/bin/gnatdll$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(tooldir)/bin/vxaddr2line$(exeext)
+
+# Clean hooks:
+# A lot of the ancillary files are deleted by the main makefile.
+# We just have to delete files specific to us.
+
+ada.mostlyclean:
+	-$(RM) ada/*$(objext) ada/*.ali ada/b_gnat*.ads ada/b_gnat*.adb
+	-$(RM) ada/*$(coverageexts)
+	-$(RM) ada/sdefault.adb ada/stamp-sdefault ada/stamp-snames
+	-$(RMDIR) ada/tools
+ada.clean:
+ada.distclean:
+	-$(RM) ada/Makefile
+	-$(RM) gnatchop$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnat$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnatdll$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnatkr$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnatlink$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnatls$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnatmake$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnatname$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnatprep$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnatfind$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnatxref$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnatclean$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) gnatsym$(exeext)
+	-$(RM) ada/rts/*
+	-$(RMDIR) ada/rts
+	-$(RM) ada/tools/*
+	-$(RMDIR) ada/tools
+ada.maintainer-clean:
+	-$(RM) ada/sinfo.h
+	-$(RM) ada/einfo.h
+	-$(RM) ada/nmake.adb
+	-$(RM) ada/nmake.ads
+	-$(RM) ada/treeprs.ads
+	-$(RM) ada/snames.ads ada/snames.adb ada/snames.h
+
+# Stage hooks:
+# The main makefile has already created stage?/ada
+
+ada.stage1: stage1-start
+	-$(MV) ada/*$(objext) ada/*.ali ada/b_gnat*.ad* stage1/ada
+	-$(MV) ada/stamp-* stage1/ada
+ada.stage2: stage2-start
+	-$(MV) ada/*$(objext) ada/*.ali ada/b_gnat*.ad* stage2/ada
+	-$(MV) ada/stamp-* stage2/ada
+ada.stage3: stage3-start
+	-$(MV) ada/*$(objext) ada/*.ali ada/b_gnat*.ad* stage3/ada
+	-$(MV) ada/stamp-* stage3/ada
+ada.stage4: stage4-start
+	-$(MV) ada/*$(objext) ada/*.ali ada/b_gnat*.ad* stage4/ada
+	-$(MV) ada/stamp-* stage4/ada
+ada.stageprofile: stageprofile-start
+	-$(MV) ada/*$(objext) ada/*.ali ada/b_gnat*.ad* stageprofile/ada
+	-$(MV) ada/stamp-* stageprofile/ada
+ada.stagefeedback: stagefeedback-start
+	-$(MV) ada/*$(objext) ada/*.ali ada/b_gnat*.ad* stagefeedback/ada
+	-$(MV) ada/stamp-* stagefeedback/ada
+
+lang_checks += check-gnat
+
+check-ada: check-acats check-gnat
+check-ada-subtargets: check-acats-subtargets check-gnat-subtargets
+
+ACATSDIR = $(TESTSUITEDIR)/ada/acats
+
+check_acats_targets = $(patsubst %,check-acats%, 0 1 2)
+
+check-acats:
+	@test -d $(ACATSDIR) || mkdir -p $(ACATSDIR); \
+	rootme=`${PWD_COMMAND}`; export rootme; \
+	EXPECT=$(EXPECT); export EXPECT; \
+	if [ -z "$(CHAPTERS)" ] && [ "$(filter -j, $(MFLAGS))" = "-j" ]; \
+	then \
+	  $(MAKE) $(check_acats_targets); \
+	  for idx in 0 1 2; do \
+	    mv -f $(ACATSDIR)$$idx/acats.sum $(ACATSDIR)$$idx/acats.sum.sep; \
+	    mv -f $(ACATSDIR)$$idx/acats.log $(ACATSDIR)$$idx/acats.log.sep; \
+	  done; \
+	  $(SHELL) $(srcdir)/../contrib/dg-extract-results.sh \
+	    $(ACATSDIR)0/acats.sum.sep $(ACATSDIR)1/acats.sum.sep \
+	    $(ACATSDIR)2/acats.sum.sep > $(ACATSDIR)/acats.sum; \
+	  $(SHELL) $(srcdir)/../contrib/dg-extract-results.sh -L \
+	    $(ACATSDIR)0/acats.log.sep $(ACATSDIR)1/acats.log.sep \
+	    $(ACATSDIR)2/acats.log.sep > $(ACATSDIR)/acats.log; \
+	  exit 0; \
+	fi; \
+	testdir=`cd ${srcdir}/${ACATSDIR} && ${PWD_COMMAND}`; \
+	export testdir; cd $(ACATSDIR) && $(SHELL) $${testdir}/run_acats $(CHAPTERS)
+
+check-acats-subtargets:
+	@echo $(check_acats_targets)
+
+# Parallelized check-acats
+$(check_acats_targets): check-acats%:
+	test -d $(ACATSDIR)$* || mkdir -p $(ACATSDIR)$*; \
+	testdir=`cd ${srcdir}/${ACATSDIR} && ${PWD_COMMAND}`; \
+	case "$*" in \
+	  0) chapters="`cd $$testdir/tests; echo [a-b]* c[0-4]*`";; \
+	  1) chapters="`cd $$testdir/tests; echo c[5-9ab]*`";; \
+	  2) chapters="`cd $$testdir/tests; echo c[c-z]* [d-z]*`";; \
+	esac; \
+	export testdir; cd $(ACATSDIR)$* && $(SHELL) $${testdir}/run_acats $$chapters
+
+.PHONY: check-acats $(check_acats_targets)
+
+# Compiling object files from source files.
+
+# Ada language specific files.
+
+ada/b_gnat1.adb : $(GNAT1_ADA_OBJS)
+        # Old gnatbind do not allow a path for -o.
+	$(GNATBIND) $(ADA_INCLUDES) -o b_gnat1.adb -n ada/gnat1drv.ali
+	$(MV) b_gnat1.adb b_gnat1.ads ada/
+
+ada/b_gnat1.o : ada/b_gnat1.adb
+        # Do not use ADAFLAGS to get rid of -gnatg which generates a lot
+        # of style messages.
+	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) -gnatp -gnatws $(ADA_INCLUDES) \
+	    $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+ada/b_gnatb.adb : $(GNATBIND_OBJS) ada/gnatbind.o ada/interfac.o
+        # Old gnatbind do not allow a path for -o.
+	$(GNATBIND) $(ADA_INCLUDES) -o b_gnatb.adb ada/gnatbind.ali
+	$(MV) b_gnatb.adb b_gnatb.ads ada/
+
+ada/b_gnatb.o : ada/b_gnatb.adb
+	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) -gnatp -gnatws $(ADA_INCLUDES) \
+	    $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+include $(srcdir)/ada/Make-generated.in
+
+update-sources : ada/treeprs.ads ada/einfo.h ada/sinfo.h ada/nmake.adb \
+	ada/nmake.ads
+	$(RM) $(addprefix $(srcdir)/ada/,$(notdir $^))
+	$(CP) $^ $(srcdir)/ada
+
+ada/sdefault.o : ada/ada.ads ada/a-except.ads ada/a-unccon.ads \
+   ada/a-uncdea.ads ada/alloc.ads ada/debug.ads ada/hostparm.ads ada/namet.ads \
+   ada/opt.ads ada/osint.ads ada/output.ads ada/sdefault.ads ada/sdefault.adb \
+   ada/s-exctab.ads ada/s-memory.ads ada/s-os_lib.ads ada/s-parame.ads \
+   ada/s-stalib.ads ada/s-strops.ads ada/s-sopco3.ads ada/s-sopco4.ads \
+   ada/s-sopco5.ads ada/s-string.ads ada/s-traent.ads ada/s-unstyp.ads \
+   ada/s-wchcon.ads ada/system.ads ada/table.adb ada/table.ads ada/tree_io.ads \
+   ada/types.ads ada/unchdeal.ads ada/unchconv.ads
+
+# Special flags - see gcc-interface/Makefile.in for the template.
+
+ada/a-except.o  : ada/a-except.adb ada/a-except.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS) -O1 -fno-inline \
+	 $(ADA_INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+	@$(ADA_DEPS)
+
+ada/s-excdeb.o  : ada/s-excdeb.adb ada/s-excdeb.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS) -O0 \
+	 $(ADA_INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+	@$(ADA_DEPS)
+
+ada/s-assert.o  : ada/s-assert.adb ada/s-assert.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) \
+	  $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+	@$(ADA_DEPS)
+
+ada/a-tags.o  : ada/a-tags.adb ada/a-tags.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) \
+	  $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+	@$(ADA_DEPS)
+
+# Dependencies for windows specific tool (mdll)
+
+ada/mdll.o : ada/mdll.adb ada/mdll.ads ada/mdll-fil.ads ada/mdll-utl.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+ada/mdll-fil.o : ada/mdll-fil.adb ada/mdll.ads ada/mdll-fil.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+ada/mdll-utl.o : ada/mdll-utl.adb ada/mdll.ads ada/mdll-utl.ads ada/sdefault.ads ada/types.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+ada_generated_files = ada/sinfo.h ada/einfo.h ada/nmake.adb ada/nmake.ads \
+		      ada/treeprs.ads ada/snames.ads ada/snames.adb ada/snames.h
+
+# When building from scratch we don't have dependency files, the only thing
+# we need to ensure is that the generated files are created first.
+$(GNAT1_ADA_OBJS) $(GNATBIND_OBJS): | $(ada_generated_files)
+
+# Manually include the auto-generated dependencies for the Ada host objects.
+ADA_DEPFILES = $(foreach obj,$(GNAT1_ADA_OBJS) $(GNATBIND_OBJS),\
+		 $(dir $(obj))/$(DEPDIR)/$(patsubst %.o,%.Po,$(notdir $(obj))))
+-include $(ADA_DEPFILES)
+
+# Automatically include the auto-generated dependencies for the C host objects.
+ada_OBJS = $(GNAT1_C_OBJS)
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/Makefile.in b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..352d6550c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,3103 @@
+# Makefile for GNU Ada Compiler (GNAT).
+#   Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+#This file is part of GCC.
+
+#GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+#it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+#the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+#any later version.
+
+#GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+#GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+#You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+#along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+#<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# The makefile built from this file lives in the language subdirectory.
+# Its purpose is to provide support for:
+#
+# 1) recursion where necessary, and only then (building .o's), and
+# 2) building and debugging cc1 from the language subdirectory, and
+# 3) nothing else.
+#
+# The parent makefile handles all other chores, with help from the
+# language makefile fragment, of course.
+#
+# The targets for external use are:
+# all, TAGS, ???mostlyclean, ???clean.
+
+# This makefile will only work with Gnu make.
+# The rules are written assuming a minimum subset of tools are available:
+#
+# Required:
+#      MAKE:    Only Gnu make will work.
+#      MV:      Must accept (at least) one, maybe wildcard, source argument,
+#               a file or directory destination, and support creation/
+#               modification date preservation.  Gnu mv -f works.
+#      RM:      Must accept an arbitrary number of space separated file
+#               arguments, or one wildcard argument. Gnu rm works.
+#      RMDIR:   Must delete a directory and all its contents. Gnu rm -rf works.
+#      ECHO:    Must support command line redirection. Any Unix-like
+#               shell will typically provide this, otherwise a custom version
+#               is trivial to write.
+#      AR:      Gnu ar works.
+#      MKDIR:   Gnu mkdir works.
+#      CHMOD:   Gnu chmod works.
+#      true:    Does nothing and returns a normal successful return code.
+#      pwd:     Prints the current directory on stdout.
+#      cd:      Change directory.
+#
+# Optional:
+#      BISON:   Gnu bison works.
+#      FLEX:    Gnu flex works.
+#      Other miscellaneous tools for obscure targets.
+
+# Suppress smart makes who think they know how to automake Yacc files
+.y.c:
+
+# Variables that exist for you to override.
+# See below for how to change them for certain systems.
+
+# Various ways of specifying flags for compilations:
+# CFLAGS is for the user to override to, e.g., do a bootstrap with -O2.
+# BOOT_CFLAGS is the value of CFLAGS to pass
+# to the stage2 and stage3 compilations
+CFLAGS = -g
+BOOT_CFLAGS = -O $(CFLAGS)
+# These exists to be overridden by the t-* files, respectively.
+T_CFLAGS =
+
+CC = cc
+BISON = bison
+BISONFLAGS =
+ECHO = echo
+LEX = flex
+LEXFLAGS =
+CHMOD = chmod
+LN = ln
+LN_S = ln -s
+CP = cp -p
+MV = mv -f
+RM = rm -f
+RMDIR = rm -rf
+MKDIR = mkdir -p
+AR = ar
+AR_FLAGS = rc
+LS = ls
+RANLIB = @RANLIB@
+RANLIB_FLAGS = @ranlib_flags@
+AWK = @AWK@
+
+COMPILER = $(CC)
+COMPILER_FLAGS = $(CFLAGS)
+
+SHELL = @SHELL@
+PWD_COMMAND = $${PWDCMD-pwd}
+# How to copy preserving the date
+INSTALL_DATA_DATE = cp -p
+MAKEINFO = makeinfo
+TEXI2DVI = texi2dvi
+TEXI2PDF = texi2pdf
+GNATBIND_FLAGS = -static -x
+ADA_CFLAGS =
+ADAFLAGS = -W -Wall -gnatpg -gnata
+FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS = -g
+NO_SIBLING_ADAFLAGS = -fno-optimize-sibling-calls
+NO_REORDER_ADAFLAGS = -fno-toplevel-reorder
+GNATLIBFLAGS = -W -Wall -gnatpg -nostdinc
+GNATLIBCFLAGS = -g -O2
+PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET = @PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET@
+
+# Pretend that _Unwind_GetIPInfo is available for the target by default.  This
+# should be autodetected during the configuration of libada and passed down to
+# here, but we need something for --disable-libada and hope for the best.
+GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C = -W -Wall $(GNATLIBCFLAGS) \
+	-fexceptions -DIN_RTS -DHAVE_GETIPINFO
+ALL_ADAFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) $(ADAFLAGS)
+THREAD_KIND = native
+THREADSLIB =
+GMEM_LIB =
+MISCLIB =
+OUTPUT_OPTION = -o $@
+
+objext = .o
+exeext =
+arext  = .a
+soext  = .so
+shext  =
+hyphen = -
+
+# Define this as & to perform parallel make on a Sequent.
+# Note that this has some bugs, and it seems currently necessary
+# to compile all the gen* files first by hand to avoid erroneous results.
+P =
+
+# This is used instead of ALL_CFLAGS when compiling with GCC_FOR_TARGET.
+# It specifies -B./.
+# It also specifies -B$(tooldir)/ to find as and ld for a cross compiler.
+GCC_CFLAGS = $(INTERNAL_CFLAGS) $(T_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
+
+# Tools to use when building a cross-compiler.
+# These are used because `configure' appends `cross-make'
+# to the makefile when making a cross-compiler.
+
+# We don't use cross-make.  Instead we use the tools from the build tree,
+# if they are available.
+# program_transform_name and objdir are set by configure.in.
+program_transform_name =
+objdir = .
+
+target_alias=@target_alias@
+target=@target@
+target_cpu=@target_cpu@
+target_vendor=@target_vendor@
+target_os=@target_os@
+host_cpu=@host_cpu@
+host_vendor=@host_vendor@
+host_os=@host_os@
+target_cpu_default = @target_cpu_default@
+xmake_file = @xmake_file@
+tmake_file = @tmake_file@
+#version=`sed -e 's/.*\"\([^ \"]*\)[ \"].*/\1/' < $(srcdir)/version.c`
+#mainversion=`sed -e 's/.*\"\([0-9]*\.[0-9]*\).*/\1/' < $(srcdir)/version.c`
+
+# Directory where sources are, from where we are.
+VPATH = $(srcdir)/ada
+
+# Full path to top source directory
+# In particular this is used to access libgcc headers, so that references to
+# these headers from GNAT runtime objects have path names in debugging info
+# that are consistent with libgcc objects.  Also used for other references to
+# the top source directory for consistency.
+ftop_srcdir := $(shell cd $(srcdir)/..;${PWD_COMMAND})
+
+fsrcdir := $(shell cd $(srcdir);${PWD_COMMAND})
+fsrcpfx := $(shell cd $(srcdir);${PWD_COMMAND})/
+fcurdir := $(shell ${PWD_COMMAND})
+fcurpfx := $(shell ${PWD_COMMAND})/
+
+# Top build directory, relative to here.
+top_builddir = ../..
+
+# Internationalization library.
+LIBINTL = @LIBINTL@
+LIBINTL_DEP = @LIBINTL_DEP@
+
+# Character encoding conversion library.
+LIBICONV = @LIBICONV@
+LIBICONV_DEP = @LIBICONV_DEP@
+
+# Any system libraries needed just for GNAT.
+SYSLIBS = @GNAT_LIBEXC@
+
+# List extra gnattools
+EXTRA_GNATTOOLS =
+
+# List of target dependent sources, overridden below as necessary
+TARGET_ADA_SRCS =
+
+# Type of tools build we are doing; default is not compiling tools.
+TOOLSCASE =
+
+# Multilib handling
+MULTISUBDIR =
+RTSDIR = rts$(subst /,_,$(MULTISUBDIR))
+
+# Link flags used to build gnat tools.  By default we prefer to statically
+# link with libgcc to avoid a dependency on shared libgcc (which is tricky
+# to deal with as it may conflict with the libgcc provided by the system).
+GCC_LINK_FLAGS=-static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc
+
+# End of variables for you to override.
+
+all: all.indirect
+
+# This tells GNU Make version 3 not to put all variables in the environment.
+.NOEXPORT:
+
+# target overrides
+ifneq ($(tmake_file),)
+include $(tmake_file)
+endif
+
+# host overrides
+ifneq ($(xmake_file),)
+include $(xmake_file)
+endif
+
+# Now figure out from those variables how to compile and link.
+
+all.indirect: Makefile ../gnat1$(exeext)
+
+# IN_GCC is meant to distinguish between code compiled into GCC itself, i.e.
+# for the host, and the rest.  But we also use it for the tools (link.c) and
+# even break the host/target wall by using it for the library (targext.c).
+# autoconf inserts -DCROSS_DIRECTORY_STRUCTURE if we are building a cross
+# compiler which does not use the native libraries and headers.
+INTERNAL_CFLAGS = @CROSS@ -DIN_GCC
+
+# This is the variable actually used when we compile.
+ALL_CFLAGS = $(INTERNAL_CFLAGS) $(T_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
+
+# Likewise.
+ALL_CPPFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS)
+
+# Used with $(COMPILER).
+ALL_COMPILERFLAGS = $(ALL_CFLAGS)
+
+# This is where we get libiberty.a from.
+LIBIBERTY = ../../libiberty/libiberty.a
+
+# We need to link against libbacktrace because diagnostic.c in
+# libcommon.a uses it.
+LIBBACKTRACE = ../../libbacktrace/.libs/libbacktrace.a
+
+# How to link with both our special library facilities
+# and the system's installed libraries.
+LIBS = $(LIBINTL) $(LIBICONV) $(LIBBACKTRACE) $(LIBIBERTY) $(SYSLIBS)
+LIBDEPS = $(LIBINTL_DEP) $(LIBICONV_DEP) $(LIBBACKTRACE) $(LIBIBERTY)
+# Default is no TGT_LIB; one might be passed down or something
+TGT_LIB =
+TOOLS_LIBS = ../link.o ../targext.o ../../ggc-none.o ../../libcommon-target.a \
+  ../../libcommon.a ../../../libcpp/libcpp.a $(LIBGNAT) $(LIBINTL) $(LIBICONV) \
+  ../$(LIBBACKTRACE) ../$(LIBIBERTY) $(SYSLIBS) $(TGT_LIB)
+
+# Specify the directories to be searched for header files.
+# Both . and srcdir are used, in that order,
+# so that tm.h and config.h will be found in the compilation
+# subdirectory rather than in the source directory.
+INCLUDES = -I- -I. -I.. -I$(srcdir)/ada -I$(srcdir) -I$(ftop_srcdir)/include $(GMPINC)
+
+ADA_INCLUDES = -I- -I. -I$(srcdir)/ada
+
+# Likewise, but valid for subdirectories of the current dir.
+# FIXME: for VxWorks, we cannot add $(fsrcdir) because the regs.h file in
+# that directory conflicts with a system header file.
+ifneq ($(findstring vxworks,$(target_os)),)
+  INCLUDES_FOR_SUBDIR = -iquote . -iquote .. -iquote ../.. \
+			-iquote $(fsrcdir)/ada \
+			-I$(ftop_srcdir)/include $(GMPINC)
+else
+  INCLUDES_FOR_SUBDIR = -iquote . -iquote .. -iquote ../.. \
+			-iquote $(fsrcdir)/ada -iquote $(fsrcdir) \
+			-I$(ftop_srcdir)/include $(GMPINC)
+endif
+
+ADA_INCLUDES_FOR_SUBDIR = -I. -I$(fsrcdir)/ada
+
+# Avoid a lot of time thinking about remaking Makefile.in and *.def.
+.SUFFIXES: .in .def
+
+# Say how to compile Ada programs.
+.SUFFIXES: .ada .adb .ads .asm
+
+# Always use -I$(srcdir)/config when compiling.
+.asm.o:
+	$(CC) -c -x assembler $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+.c.o:
+	$(COMPILER) -c $(ALL_COMPILERFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) $(ALL_CPPFLAGS) \
+	  $(INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+.adb.o:
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+.ads.o:
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+# how to regenerate this file
+Makefile: ../config.status $(srcdir)/ada/gcc-interface/Makefile.in $(srcdir)/ada/Makefile.in $(srcdir)/version.c
+	cd ..; \
+	LANGUAGES="$(CONFIG_LANGUAGES)" \
+	CONFIG_HEADERS= \
+	CONFIG_FILES="ada/gcc-interface/Makefile ada/Makefile" $(SHELL) config.status
+
+# This tells GNU make version 3 not to export all the variables
+# defined in this file into the environment.
+.NOEXPORT:
+
+# Lists of files for various purposes.
+
+GNATLINK_OBJS = gnatlink.o \
+ a-except.o ali.o alloc.o butil.o casing.o csets.o debug.o fmap.o fname.o \
+ gnatvsn.o hostparm.o indepsw.o interfac.o i-c.o i-cstrin.o namet.o opt.o \
+ osint.o output.o rident.o s-exctab.o s-secsta.o s-stalib.o s-stoele.o \
+ sdefault.o snames.o stylesw.o switch.o system.o table.o targparm.o tree_io.o \
+ types.o validsw.o widechar.o
+
+GNATMAKE_OBJS = a-except.o ali.o ali-util.o aspects.o s-casuti.o alloc.o \
+ atree.o binderr.o butil.o casing.o csets.o debug.o elists.o einfo.o errout.o \
+ erroutc.o errutil.o err_vars.o fmap.o fname.o fname-uf.o fname-sf.o \
+ gnatmake.o gnatvsn.o hostparm.o interfac.o i-c.o i-cstrin.o krunch.o lib.o \
+ make.o makeusg.o makeutl.o mlib.o mlib-fil.o mlib-prj.o mlib-tgt.o \
+ mlib-tgt-specific.o mlib-utl.o namet.o nlists.o opt.o osint.o osint-m.o \
+ output.o prj.o prj-attr.o prj-attr-pm.o prj-com.o prj-dect.o prj-env.o \
+ prj-conf.o prj-pp.o prj-err.o prj-ext.o prj-nmsc.o prj-pars.o prj-part.o \
+ prj-proc.o prj-strt.o prj-tree.o prj-util.o restrict.o rident.o s-exctab.o \
+ s-secsta.o s-stalib.o s-stoele.o scans.o scng.o sdefault.o sfn_scan.o \
+ s-purexc.o s-htable.o scil_ll.o sem_aux.o sinfo.o sinput.o sinput-c.o \
+ sinput-p.o snames.o stand.o stringt.o styleg.o stylesw.o system.o validsw.o \
+ switch.o switch-m.o table.o targparm.o tempdir.o tree_io.o types.o uintp.o \
+ uname.o urealp.o usage.o widechar.o \
+ $(EXTRA_GNATMAKE_OBJS)
+
+# Make arch match the current multilib so that the RTS selection code
+# picks up the right files. For a given target this must be coherent
+# with MULTILIB_DIRNAMES defined in gcc/config/target/t-*.
+
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %x86_64, $(target_cpu))),)
+  ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/32)
+    target_cpu:=i686
+  else
+    ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/x32)
+      target_cpu:=x32
+    endif
+  endif
+endif
+
+# ???: handle more multilib targets
+
+# LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS is a list of pairs of filenames.
+# The members of each pair must be separated by a '<' and no whitespace.
+# Each pair must be separated by some amount of whitespace from the following
+# pair.
+
+# Non-tasking case:
+
+LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-dummy.ads \
+s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-dummy.adb \
+s-intman.adb<s-intman-dummy.adb \
+s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-dummy.ads \
+s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-dummy.adb \
+s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-dummy.ads
+
+# When using the GCC exception handling mechanism, we need to use an
+# alternate body for a-exexpr.adb (a-exexpr-gcc.adb)
+
+EH_MECHANISM=
+
+# Default shared object option. Note that we rely on the fact that the "soname"
+# option will always be present and last in this flag, so that we can have
+# $(SO_OPTS)libgnat-x.xx
+
+SO_OPTS = -Wl,-soname,
+
+# Default gnatlib-shared target.
+# By default, equivalent to gnatlib.
+# Set to gnatlib-shared-default, gnatlib-shared-dual, or a platform specific
+# target when supported.
+GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib
+
+# default value for gnatmake's target dependent file
+MLIB_TGT = mlib-tgt
+
+# By default, build socket support units. On platforms that do not support
+# sockets, reset this variable to empty and add DUMMY_SOCKETS_TARGET_PAIRS
+# to LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS.
+
+GNATRTL_SOCKETS_OBJS = g-soccon$(objext) g-socket$(objext) g-socthi$(objext) \
+  g-soliop$(objext) g-sothco$(objext)
+
+DUMMY_SOCKETS_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  g-socket.adb<g-socket-dummy.adb \
+  g-socket.ads<g-socket-dummy.ads \
+  g-socthi.adb<g-socthi-dummy.adb \
+  g-socthi.ads<g-socthi-dummy.ads \
+  g-sothco.adb<g-sothco-dummy.adb \
+  g-sothco.ads<g-sothco-dummy.ads
+
+# On platforms where atomic increment/decrement operations are supported,
+# special version of Ada.Strings.Unbounded package can be used.
+
+ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-coinho.adb<a-coinho-shared.adb \
+  a-coinho.ads<a-coinho-shared.ads \
+  a-stunau.adb<a-stunau-shared.adb \
+  a-suteio.adb<a-suteio-shared.adb \
+  a-strunb.ads<a-strunb-shared.ads \
+  a-strunb.adb<a-strunb-shared.adb \
+  a-stwiun.adb<a-stwiun-shared.adb \
+  a-stwiun.ads<a-stwiun-shared.ads \
+  a-swunau.adb<a-swunau-shared.adb \
+  a-swuwti.adb<a-swuwti-shared.adb \
+  a-stzunb.adb<a-stzunb-shared.adb \
+  a-stzunb.ads<a-stzunb-shared.ads \
+  a-szunau.adb<a-szunau-shared.adb \
+  a-szuzti.adb<a-szuzti-shared.adb
+
+ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  s-atocou.adb<s-atocou-builtin.adb
+
+# Special version of units for x86 and x86-64 platforms.
+
+X86_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-x86.ads \
+  a-numaux.adb<a-numaux-x86.adb \
+  s-atocou.adb<s-atocou-x86.adb
+
+X86_64_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-x86.ads \
+  a-numaux.adb<a-numaux-x86.adb \
+  s-atocou.adb<s-atocou-builtin.adb
+
+LIB_VERSION = $(strip $(shell grep ' Library_Version :' $(fsrcpfx)ada/gnatvsn.ads | sed -e 's/.*"\(.*\)".*/\1/'))
+
+# Additionnal object files from C source to be added to libgnat.
+EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS=
+# Additionnal C source file to be added to libgnat without corresponding object
+# file (included files).
+EXTRA_LIBGNAT_SRCS=
+
+# $(filter-out PATTERN...,TEXT) removes all PATTERN words from TEXT.
+# $(strip STRING) removes leading and trailing spaces from STRING.
+# If what's left is null then it's a match.
+
+# m68k VxWorks
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out m68k% wrs vx%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-vxworks.ads \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-vxworks.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb \
+  s-intman.ads<s-intman-vxworks.ads \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-vxworks.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-vxworks.adb \
+  s-parame.ads<s-parame-vxworks.ads \
+  s-parame.adb<s-parame-vxworks.adb \
+  s-stchop.ads<s-stchop-limit.ads \
+  s-stchop.adb<s-stchop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-vxworks.ads \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-vxworks.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks.adb \
+  s-vxwork.ads<s-vxwork-m68k.ads \
+  g-socthi.ads<g-socthi-vxworks.ads \
+  g-socthi.adb<g-socthi-vxworks.adb \
+  g-stsifd.adb<g-stsifd-sockets.adb \
+  system.ads<system-vxworks-m68k.ads
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-vxworks.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=i-vxwork.o i-vxwoio.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-vxwork.o s-vxwext.o
+
+  EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=vx_stack_info.o
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out yes,$(TRACE))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-traces.adb<s-traces-default.adb \
+    s-tratas.adb<s-tratas-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.adb<s-trafor-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.ads<s-trafor-default.ads \
+    s-tfsetr.adb<s-tfsetr-vxworks.adb
+  endif
+endif
+
+# PowerPC and e500v2 VxWorks
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out powerpc% wrs vxworks,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out e500%, $(target_alias))),)
+     ARCH_STR=e500
+  else
+     ARCH_STR=ppc
+  endif
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-vxworks.ads \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-vxworks.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-intman.ads<s-intman-vxworks.ads \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-vxworks.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-vxworks.adb \
+  s-parame.ads<s-parame-vxworks.ads \
+  s-parame.adb<s-parame-vxworks.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-vxworks.ads \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-vxworks.ads \
+  s-vxwork.ads<s-vxwork-ppc.ads \
+  g-socthi.ads<g-socthi-vxworks.ads \
+  g-socthi.adb<g-socthi-vxworks.adb \
+  g-stsifd.adb<g-stsifd-sockets.adb \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  # VxWorks 5 and 6 both use the same target triplet making them
+  # indistinguishable in the context of this make file. Package
+  # System.Stack_Checking.Operations is not needed on VxWorks 6 as it leads to
+  # an undefined symbol when building a dynamic shared library. To alleviate
+  # this problem and distinguish this case, we use the THREAD_KIND and include
+  # the package only in kernel mode.
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out default,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+      s-stchop.ads<s-stchop-limit.ads \
+      s-stchop.adb<s-stchop-vxworks.adb
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=\
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-vxworks.adb \
+  indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out yes,$(TRACE))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-traces.adb<s-traces-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.adb<s-trafor-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.ads<s-trafor-default.ads \
+    s-tratas.adb<s-tratas-default.adb \
+    s-tfsetr.adb<s-tfsetr-vxworks.adb
+  endif
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out rtp,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-rtp.ads \
+    s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-rtp.adb \
+    s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks-rtp.adb \
+    system.ads<system-vxworks-$(ARCH_STR)-rtp.ads
+  else
+    ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out rtp-smp,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+      s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+      s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-rtp.ads \
+      s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-rtp-smp.adb \
+      s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks-tls.adb \
+      system.ads<system-vxworks-$(ARCH_STR)-rtp.ads
+
+      EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=affinity.o
+    else
+      ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out kernel-smp,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+        LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+        s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb \
+        s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+        s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks-tls.adb \
+        s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-kernel.ads \
+        s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-kernel-smp.adb \
+        system.ads<system-vxworks-$(ARCH_STR)-kernel.ads
+
+        EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+        EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=affinity.o
+      else
+        LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+        s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb \
+        s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks.adb
+
+        ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out kernel,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+          EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+          LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+          s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-kernel.ads \
+          s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-kernel.adb \
+          system.ads<system-vxworks-$(ARCH_STR)-kernel.ads
+        else
+          LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+          system.ads<system-vxworks-ppc.ads
+        endif
+      endif
+      EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=i-vxwork.o i-vxwoio.o
+      EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=sigtramp-ppcvxw.o
+    endif
+  endif
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS += s-vxwork.o s-vxwext.o
+
+  EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=vx_stack_info.o
+endif
+
+# PowerPC and e500v2 VxWorks 653
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out powerpc% wrs vxworksae,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  # target pairs for vthreads runtime
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-elchha.adb<a-elchha-vxworks-ppc-full.adb \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-vxworks.ads \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-vxworks.ads \
+  g-io.adb<g-io-vxworks-ppc-cert.adb \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb \
+  s-intman.ads<s-intman-vxworks.ads \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-vxworks.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-vxworks.adb \
+  s-parame.ads<s-parame-ae653.ads \
+  s-parame.adb<s-parame-vxworks.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-vxworks.ads \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-vxworks.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks.adb \
+  s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-noints.adb \
+  s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-vthreads.ads \
+  s-vxwork.ads<s-vxwork-ppc.ads \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out e500%, $(target_alias))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += system.ads<system-vxworks-e500-vthread.ads
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += system.ads<system-vxworks-ppc-vthread.ads
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=\
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-vxworks.adb \
+  indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=i-vxwork.o i-vxwoio.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-vxwork.o s-vxwext.o
+
+  EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=sigtramp-ppcvxw.o
+
+  # Extra pairs for the vthreads runtime
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out vthreads,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-thread.adb<s-thread-ae653.adb \
+    $(DUMMY_SOCKETS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+    GNATRTL_SOCKETS_OBJS =
+    EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS += s-thread.o
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    g-socthi.ads<g-socthi-vxworks.ads \
+    g-socthi.adb<g-socthi-vxworks.adb \
+    g-stsifd.adb<g-stsifd-sockets.adb
+  endif
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out yes,$(TRACE))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-traces.adb<s-traces-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.adb<s-trafor-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.ads<s-trafor-default.ads \
+    s-tratas.adb<s-tratas-default.adb \
+    s-tfsetr.adb<s-tfsetr-vxworks.adb
+  endif
+endif
+
+# PowerPC and e500v2 VxWorks MILS
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out powerpc% wrs vxworksmils,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  # target pairs for vthreads runtime
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-elchha.adb<a-elchha-vx6-raven-cert.adb \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-vxworks.ads \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-vxworks.ads \
+  g-io.adb<g-io-vxworks-ppc-cert.adb \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb \
+  s-intman.ads<s-intman-vxworks.ads \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-vxworks.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-vxworks.adb \
+  s-parame.ads<s-parame-ae653.ads \
+  s-parame.adb<s-parame-vxworks.adb \
+  s-stchop.adb<s-stchop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-stchop.ads<s-stchop-limit.ads \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-vxworks.ads \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-vxworks.ads \
+  s-thread.adb<s-thread-ae653.adb \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks.adb \
+  s-vxwork.ads<s-vxwork-ppc.ads \
+  system.ads<system-vxworks-ppc-mils.ads \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(DUMMY_SOCKETS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=\
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-vxworks.adb \
+  indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=i-vxwork.o i-vxwoio.o s-thread.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-vxwork.o s-vxwext.o
+
+  EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=vx_stack_info.o sigtramp-ppcvxw.o
+  GNATRTL_SOCKETS_OBJS =
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out yes,$(TRACE))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-traces.adb<s-traces-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.adb<s-trafor-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.ads<s-trafor-default.ads \
+    s-tratas.adb<s-tratas-default.adb \
+    s-tfsetr.adb<s-tfsetr-vxworks.adb
+  endif
+endif
+
+# VxWorksae / VxWorks 653 for x86 (vxsim) - ?? VxWorks mils not implemented
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %86 wrs vxworksae vxworksmils,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  # target pairs for kernel + vthreads runtime
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-elchha.adb<a-elchha-vxworks-ppc-full.adb \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-vxworks.ads \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-vxworks.ads \
+  g-io.adb<g-io-vxworks-ppc-cert.adb \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb \
+  s-intman.ads<s-intman-vxworks.ads \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-vxworks.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-vxworks.adb \
+  s-parame.ads<s-parame-ae653.ads \
+  s-parame.adb<s-parame-vxworks.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-vxworks.ads \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-vxworks.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks.adb \
+  s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-noints.adb \
+  s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-vthreads.ads \
+  s-vxwork.ads<s-vxwork-x86.ads \
+  system.ads<system-vxworks-x86-vthread.ads \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=\
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-vxworks.adb \
+  indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=i-vxwork.o i-vxwoio.o s-thread.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-vxwork.o s-vxwext.o
+
+  EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=vx_stack_info.o
+  GNATRTL_SOCKETS_OBJS =
+
+  # Extra pairs for the vthreads runtime
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out vthreads,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-thread.adb<s-thread-ae653.adb \
+    $(DUMMY_SOCKETS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+    GNATRTL_SOCKETS_OBJS =
+    EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS += s-thread.o
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    g-socthi.ads<g-socthi-vxworks.ads \
+    g-socthi.adb<g-socthi-vxworks.adb \
+    g-stsifd.adb<g-stsifd-sockets.adb
+  endif
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out yes,$(TRACE))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-traces.adb<s-traces-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.adb<s-trafor-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.ads<s-trafor-default.ads \
+    s-tratas.adb<s-tratas-default.adb \
+    s-tfsetr.adb<s-tfsetr-vxworks.adb
+  endif
+endif
+
+# Sparc VxWorks
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out sparc% wrs vx%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-vxworks.ads \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-vxworks.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb \
+  s-intman.ads<s-intman-vxworks.ads \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-vxworks.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-vxworks.adb \
+  s-parame.ads<s-parame-vxworks.ads \
+  s-parame.adb<s-parame-vxworks.adb \
+  s-stchop.ads<s-stchop-limit.ads \
+  s-stchop.adb<s-stchop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-vxworks.ads \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-vxworks.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks.adb \
+  g-socthi.ads<g-socthi-vxworks.ads \
+  g-socthi.adb<g-socthi-vxworks.adb \
+  g-stsifd.adb<g-stsifd-sockets.adb
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=\
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-vxworks.adb \
+  indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out sparc64 sparcv9, $(target_cpu))),)
+    # 64-bits
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-vxwork.ads<s-vxwork-sparcv9.ads \
+    system.ads<system-vxworks-sparcv9.ads
+  else
+    # 32-bits
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-vxwork.ads<s-vxwork-sparc.ads \
+    system.ads<system-vxworks-sparc-kernel.ads
+  endif
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out kernel,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-kernel.ads \
+    s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-kernel.adb
+  endif
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=i-vxwork.o i-vxwoio.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-vxwork.o s-vxwext.o
+
+  EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=vx_stack_info.o
+endif
+
+# x86 VxWorks
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %86 wrs vxworks,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-vxworks.ads \
+  i-vxwork.ads<i-vxwork-x86.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-vxworks.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-intman.ads<s-intman-vxworks.ads \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-vxworks.adb \
+  s-parame.ads<s-parame-vxworks.ads \
+  s-parame.adb<s-parame-vxworks.adb \
+  s-stchop.ads<s-stchop-limit.ads \
+  s-stchop.adb<s-stchop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-vxworks.ads \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-vxworks.ads \
+  s-vxwork.ads<s-vxwork-x86.ads \
+  g-socthi.ads<g-socthi-vxworks.ads \
+  g-socthi.adb<g-socthi-vxworks.adb \
+  g-stsifd.adb<g-stsifd-sockets.adb \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(X86_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=\
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-vxworks.adb \
+  indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out yes,$(TRACE))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-traces.adb<s-traces-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.adb<s-trafor-default.adb \
+    s-trafor.ads<s-trafor-default.ads \
+    s-tratas.adb<s-tratas-default.adb \
+    s-tfsetr.adb<s-tfsetr-vxworks.adb
+  endif
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out rtp,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-rtp.ads \
+    s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-rtp.adb \
+    s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks-rtp.adb \
+    system.ads<system-vxworks-x86-rtp.ads
+
+  else
+    ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out rtp-smp, $(THREAD_KIND))),)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+      s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+      s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-rtp.ads \
+      s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-rtp-smp.adb \
+      s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks-tls.adb \
+      system.ads<system-vxworks-x86-rtp.ads
+
+      EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=affinity.o
+    else
+      ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out kernel-smp, $(THREAD_KIND))),)
+        LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+        s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb \
+        s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+        s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks-tls.adb \
+        s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-kernel.ads \
+        s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-kernel-smp.adb \
+        system.ads<system-vxworks-x86-kernel.ads
+        EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=affinity.o
+      else
+        LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+        s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb \
+        s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks.adb
+
+        ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out kernel,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+          LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+          s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-kernel.ads \
+          s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-kernel.adb \
+          system.ads<system-vxworks-x86-kernel.ads
+        else
+          LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+          system.ads<system-vxworks-x86.ads
+        endif
+      endif
+
+      EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=i-vxwork.o i-vxwoio.o
+    endif
+  endif
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS += s-vxwork.o s-vxwext.o
+
+  EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=vx_stack_info.o
+endif
+
+# ARM VxWorks
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out arm% coff wrs vx%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-vxworks.ads \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-vxworks.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb \
+  s-intman.ads<s-intman-vxworks.ads \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-vxworks.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-vxworks.adb \
+  s-parame.ads<s-parame-vxworks.ads \
+  s-parame.adb<s-parame-vxworks.adb \
+  s-stchop.ads<s-stchop-limit.ads \
+  s-stchop.adb<s-stchop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-vxworks.ads \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-vxworks.ads \
+  s-vxwork.ads<s-vxwork-arm.ads \
+  g-socthi.ads<g-socthi-vxworks.ads \
+  g-socthi.adb<g-socthi-vxworks.adb \
+  g-stsifd.adb<g-stsifd-sockets.adb
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=\
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-vxworks.adb \
+  indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out rtp-smp,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+    s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-rtp.ads \
+    s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-rtp-smp.adb \
+    s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks-tls.adb \
+    system.ads<system-vxworks-arm-rtp.ads
+
+    EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=affinity.o
+  else
+    ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out kernel-smp,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+      EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+      s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+      s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks-tls.adb \
+      s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-kernel.ads \
+      s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-kernel-smp.adb \
+      system.ads<system-vxworks-arm.ads
+
+      EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=affinity.o sigtramp-armvxw.o
+    else
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+      s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks.adb \
+      system.ads<system-vxworks-arm.ads
+
+      ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out kernel,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+        EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+
+        LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+        s-vxwext.ads<s-vxwext-kernel.ads \
+        s-vxwext.adb<s-vxwext-kernel.adb
+
+        EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=sigtramp-armvxw.o
+      endif
+    endif
+  endif
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=i-vxwork.o i-vxwoio.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-vxwork.o s-vxwext.o
+
+  EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=vx_stack_info.o
+endif
+
+# MIPS VxWorks
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out mips% wrs vx%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-vxworks.ads \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-vxworks.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb \
+  s-intman.ads<s-intman-vxworks.ads \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-vxworks.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-vxworks.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-vxworks.adb \
+  s-parame.ads<s-parame-vxworks.ads \
+  s-parame.adb<s-parame-vxworks.adb \
+  s-stchop.ads<s-stchop-limit.ads \
+  s-stchop.adb<s-stchop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-vxworks.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-vxworks.ads \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-vxworks.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vxworks.adb \
+  s-vxwork.ads<s-vxwork-mips.ads \
+  g-socthi.ads<g-socthi-vxworks.ads \
+  g-socthi.adb<g-socthi-vxworks.adb \
+  g-stsifd.adb<g-stsifd-sockets.adb \
+  system.ads<system-vxworks-mips.ads
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=\
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-vxworks.adb \
+  indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=i-vxwork.o i-vxwoio.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-vxwork.o s-vxwext.o
+
+  EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=vx_stack_info.o
+endif
+
+# ARM android
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out arm% linux-androideabi,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-android.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-android.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-posix.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix-noaltstack.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+  system.ads<system-linux-armel.ads \
+  $(DUMMY_SOCKETS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  GNATRTL_SOCKETS_OBJS =
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=
+  THREADSLIB =
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# Sparc Solaris
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out sparc% sun solaris%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-solaris.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-solaris.adb \
+  s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-solaris.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-solaris.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-solaris.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-solaris.adb \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-solaris.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-solaris.ads \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-solaris.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-solaris.adb \
+  g-soliop.ads<g-soliop-solaris.ads
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32 = \
+  system.ads<system-solaris-sparc.ads
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64 = \
+  system.ads<system-solaris-sparcv9.ads \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out sparc sun solaris%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+    ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/sparcv9)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+    else
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+    endif
+  else
+    ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/sparcv8plus)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+    else
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+    endif
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-solaris.adb
+
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lposix4 -lthread
+  MISCLIB = -lposix4 -lnsl -lsocket
+  SO_OPTS = -Wl,-h,
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out pthread PTHREAD,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-solaris.ads \
+    s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+    s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+    s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+    s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-solaris-posix.ads \
+    s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-solaris.adb \
+    s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-posix.adb \
+    s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+    s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+    g-soliop.ads<g-soliop-solaris.ads \
+    system.ads<system-solaris-sparc.ads
+
+    THREADSLIB = -lposix4 -lpthread
+  endif
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out m64,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+  endif
+endif
+
+# x86 and x86-64 solaris
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %86 %x86_64 solaris2%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-solaris.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-solaris.adb \
+  s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-solaris.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-solaris.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-solaris.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-solaris.adb \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-solaris.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-solaris.ads \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-solaris.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-solaris.adb \
+  g-soliop.ads<g-soliop-solaris.ads \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32 = \
+  $(X86_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  system.ads<system-solaris-x86.ads
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64 = \
+  $(X86_64_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  system.ads<system-solaris-x86_64.ads
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %86 solaris2%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+    ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/amd64)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+    else
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+    endif
+  else
+    ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/32)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+    else
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+    endif
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-solaris.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=g-sse.o g-ssvety.o
+
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lposix4 -lthread
+  MISCLIB = -lposix4 -lnsl -lsocket
+  SO_OPTS = -Wl,-h,
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# x86 Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %86 linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  a-synbar.adb<a-synbar-posix.adb \
+  a-synbar.ads<a-synbar-posix.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-tls.adb \
+  g-sercom.adb<g-sercom-linux.adb \
+  a-exetim.adb<a-exetim-posix.adb \
+  a-exetim.ads<a-exetim-default.ads \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32 = \
+  $(X86_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  system.ads<system-linux-x86.ads
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64 = \
+  $(X86_64_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  system.ads<system-linux-x86_64.ads
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/64)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+  endif
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out xenomai,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux-xenomai.ads \
+    s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-linux-xenomai.adb \
+    s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux-xenomai.adb \
+    s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-linux-xenomai.ads
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+    s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+    s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+    s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+    s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+    s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+    s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads
+  endif
+
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread -lrt
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=g-sse.o g-ssvety.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o a-exetim.o
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  MISCLIB = -ldl
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# x86 kfreebsd
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %86 kfreebsd%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-freebsd.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-kfreebsd-gnu.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(X86_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  system.ads<system-freebsd-x86.ads
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=g-sse.o g-ssvety.o
+
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+  MISCLIB = -lutil
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out x86_64 kfreebsd%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-freebsd.ads \
+  a-numaux.adb<a-numaux-x86.adb \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-x86.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-kfreebsd-gnu.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+  system.ads<system-freebsd-x86_64.ads
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# x86 FreeBSD
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %86 freebsd%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-freebsd.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-freebsd.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-freebsd.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-posix.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix.adb \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(X86_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  system.ads<system-freebsd-x86.ads
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=g-sse.o g-ssvety.o
+
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB= -lpthread
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+  MISCLIB = -lutil
+endif
+
+# x86-64 FreeBSD
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %86_64 freebsd%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-freebsd.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-freebsd.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-freebsd.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-posix.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix.adb \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(X86_64_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  system.ads<system-freebsd-x86_64.ads
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=g-sse.o g-ssvety.o
+
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB= -lpthread
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+  MISCLIB = -lutil
+endif
+
+# S390 Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out s390% linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix-noaltstack.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32 = \
+  system.ads<system-linux-s390.ads
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64 = \
+  system.ads<system-linux-s390x.ads
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out s390x,$(target_cpu))),)
+    ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/32)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+    else
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+    endif
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# HP/PA HP-UX 10
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out hppa% hp hpux10%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-excpol.adb<a-excpol-abort.adb \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-hpux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-interr.adb<s-interr-sigaction.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-hpux-dce.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-hpux-dce.ads \
+  s-parame.ads<s-parame-hpux.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-hpux-dce.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-hpux-dce.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix.adb \
+  system.ads<system-hpux.ads
+
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+endif
+
+# HP/PA HP-UX 11
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out hppa% hp hpux11%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-hpux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-hpux.ads \
+  s-parame.ads<s-parame-hpux.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-traceb.adb<s-traceb-hpux.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-posix.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+  system.ads<system-hpux.ads
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS = mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-hpux.adb
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  TGT_LIB = /usr/lib/libcl.a
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  soext = .sl
+  SO_OPTS = -Wl,+h,
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# IBM AIX
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out ibm aix%,$(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-aix.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-aix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-aix.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-posix.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix.adb \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32 = \
+  system.ads<system-aix.ads
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64 = \
+  system.ads<system-aix64.ads
+
+  ifeq ($(findstring ppc64, \
+	  $(shell $(GCC_FOR_TARGET) $(GNATLIBCFLAGS) \
+		   -print-multi-os-directory)), \
+	ppc64)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+    TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-aix.adb
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+    TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+  endif
+
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthreads
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-aix.adb
+
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+endif
+
+# RTEMS
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out rtems%,$(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  system.ads<system-rtems.ads \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-rtems.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-rtems.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-rtems.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-parame.adb<s-parame-rtems.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-posix.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-rtems.adb \
+  s-stchop.adb<s-stchop-rtems.adb \
+  s-interr.adb<s-interr-hwint.adb
+endif
+
+# OpenVMS (host)
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out alpha64 ia64 dec hp vms% openvms% alphavms%,$(host_cpu) $(host_vendor) $(host_os))),)
+
+soext  = .exe
+hyphen = _
+LN = cp -p
+LN_S = cp -p
+
+endif
+
+# OpenVMS (target)
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out alpha64 ia64 dec hp vms% openvms% alphavms%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    a-caldel.adb<a-caldel-vms.adb \
+    a-calend.adb<a-calend-vms.adb \
+    a-calend.ads<a-calend-vms.ads \
+    a-dirval.adb<a-dirval-vms.adb \
+    a-excpol.adb<a-excpol-abort.adb \
+    a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-vms.ads \
+    a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-vms.ads \
+    g-expect.adb<g-expect-vms.adb \
+    g-socthi.ads<g-socthi-vms.ads \
+    g-socthi.adb<g-socthi-vms.adb \
+    g-stsifd.adb<g-stsifd-sockets.adb \
+    i-cstrea.adb<i-cstrea-vms.adb \
+    memtrack.adb<memtrack-vms_64.adb \
+    s-auxdec.ads<s-auxdec-vms_64.ads \
+    s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-vms.adb \
+    s-interr.adb<s-interr-vms.adb \
+    s-intman.adb<s-intman-vms.adb \
+    s-intman.ads<s-intman-vms.ads \
+    s-memory.adb<s-memory-vms_64.adb \
+    s-memory.ads<s-memory-vms_64.ads \
+    s-ransee.adb<s-ransee-vms.adb \
+    s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-vms.adb \
+    s-osprim.ads<s-osprim-vms.ads \
+    s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-vms.adb \
+    s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-vms.ads \
+    s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-vms.adb \
+    s-tasdeb.adb<s-tasdeb-vms.adb \
+    s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-vms.ads \
+    s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-vms.adb \
+    s-tpopde.adb<s-tpopde-vms.adb \
+    s-tpopde.ads<s-tpopde-vms.ads
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out ia64 hp vms% openvms%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+      g-enblsp.adb<g-enblsp-vms-ia64.adb \
+      g-trasym.adb<g-trasym-vms-ia64.adb \
+      s-asthan.adb<s-asthan-vms-ia64.adb \
+      s-auxdec.adb<s-auxdec-vms-ia64.adb \
+      s-vaflop.adb<s-vaflop-vms-ia64.adb \
+      system.ads<system-vms-ia64.ads \
+      s-parame.ads<s-parame-vms-ia64.ads \
+      $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+      $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+    EXTRA_LIBGNAT_SRCS+=tb-ivms.c
+    override GNATRTL_ALTIVEC_OBJS=
+
+    TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS= \
+      mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-vms-ia64.adb \
+      symbols.adb<symbols-vms.adb \
+      symbols-processing.adb<symbols-processing-vms-ia64.adb
+  else
+    ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out alpha64 dec vms% openvms% alphavms%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+        g-enblsp.adb<g-enblsp-vms-alpha.adb \
+        g-trasym.adb<g-trasym-vms-alpha.adb \
+        s-asthan.adb<s-asthan-vms-alpha.adb \
+        s-auxdec.adb<s-auxdec-vms-alpha.adb \
+        s-traent.adb<s-traent-vms.adb \
+        s-traent.ads<s-traent-vms.ads \
+        s-vaflop.adb<s-vaflop-vms-alpha.adb \
+        system.ads<system-vms_64.ads \
+	s-parame.ads<s-parame-vms-alpha.ads \
+        $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+        $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+    EXTRA_LIBGNAT_SRCS+=tb-alvms.c
+
+    TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS= \
+      mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-vms-alpha.adb \
+      symbols.adb<symbols-vms.adb \
+      symbols-processing.adb<symbols-processing-vms-alpha.adb
+    endif
+  endif
+
+  EXTRA_GNATMAKE_OBJS = mlib-tgt-vms_common.o
+
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  GNATLIB_SHARED=gnatlib-shared-vms
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS+=s-po32gl.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-tpopde.o
+  EXTRA_GNATTOOLS = \
+     ../../gnatsym$(exeext)
+  # This command transforms (YYYYMMDD) into YY,MMDD
+  GSMATCH_VERSION := $(shell grep "^ *Gnat_Static_Version_String" $(fsrcpfx)ada/gnatvsn.ads | sed -e 's/.*(\(.*\)).*/\1/' -e 's/\(..\)\(..\)\(....\).*/\2,\3/')
+  TOOLS_LIBS_LO := --for-linker=sys\\$$\$$library:trace.exe
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(subst .,_,$(LIB_VERSION))
+endif
+
+# PikeOS
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out powerpc% %86 sysgo pikeos,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os)))),)
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=\
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-xi.adb \
+  indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+endif
+
+# *-elf, *-eabi, or *-eabispe
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out elf eabi eabispe,$(target_os))),)
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS=\
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-xi.adb \
+  indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+endif
+
+# Cygwin/Mingw32
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out cygwin% mingw32% pe,$(target_os))),)
+  # Cygwin provides a full Posix environment, and so we use the default
+  # versions of s-memory and g-socthi rather than the Windows-specific
+  # MinGW versions.  Ideally we would use all the default versions for
+  # Cygwin and none of the MinGW versions, but for historical reasons
+  # the Cygwin port has always been a CygMing frankenhybrid and it is
+  # a long-term project to disentangle them.
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out cygwin%,$(target_os))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    s-memory.adb<s-memory.adb \
+    g-socthi.ads<g-socthi.ads \
+    g-socthi.adb<g-socthi.adb
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    s-memory.adb<s-memory-mingw.adb \
+    g-socthi.ads<g-socthi-mingw.ads \
+    g-socthi.adb<g-socthi-mingw.adb
+  endif
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+  a-dirval.adb<a-dirval-mingw.adb \
+  a-excpol.adb<a-excpol-abort.adb \
+  s-gloloc.adb<s-gloloc-mingw.adb \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-dummy.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-mingw.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-mingw.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-mingw.ads \
+  g-stsifd.adb<g-stsifd-sockets.adb \
+  g-soliop.ads<g-soliop-mingw.ads \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out rtx_w32 rtx_rtss,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-intman.adb<s-intman-dummy.adb \
+    s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-rtx.ads \
+    s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-rtx.adb \
+    s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-rtx.adb \
+    $(X86_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+    EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS = s-win32.o
+
+    ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out rtx_w32,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+       LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += system.ads<system-rtx.ads
+
+       EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+    else
+       LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+       system.ads<system-rtx-rtss.ads \
+       s-parame.adb<s-parame-vxworks.adb
+
+       EH_MECHANISM=
+    endif
+
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    a-exetim.adb<a-exetim-mingw.adb \
+    a-exetim.ads<a-exetim-mingw.ads \
+    a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-mingw.ads \
+    g-sercom.adb<g-sercom-mingw.adb \
+    s-interr.adb<s-interr-sigaction.adb \
+    s-intman.adb<s-intman-mingw.adb \
+    s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+    s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-mingw.ads \
+    s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-mingw.adb \
+    s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-mingw.adb
+
+    ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out x86_64%,$(target_cpu))),)
+      ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/32)
+	LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+	  $(X86_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+	  system.ads<system-mingw.ads
+	SO_OPTS= -m32 -Wl,-soname,
+      else
+	LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+	  $(X86_64_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+	  system.ads<system-mingw-x86_64.ads
+	SO_OPTS = -m64 -Wl,-soname,
+      endif
+    else
+      ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/64)
+	LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+	  $(X86_64_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+	  system.ads<system-mingw-x86_64.ads
+	SO_OPTS = -m64 -Wl,-soname,
+      else
+	LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+	  $(X86_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+	  system.ads<system-mingw.ads
+	SO_OPTS = -m32 -Wl,-soname,
+      endif
+    endif
+
+    EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS = \
+	s-win32.o s-winext.o g-regist.o g-sse.o g-ssvety.o
+    EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS = a-exetim.o
+    EXTRA_LIBGNAT_SRCS+=mingw32.h
+    MISCLIB = -lws2_32
+
+    # ??? This will be replaced by gnatlib-shared-dual-win32 when GNAT
+    # auto-import support for array/record will be done.
+    GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-win32
+
+    EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS= \
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-mingw.adb \
+  indepsw.adb<indepsw-mingw.adb
+
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  EXTRA_GNATTOOLS = ../../gnatdll$(exeext)
+  EXTRA_GNATMAKE_OBJS = mdll.o mdll-utl.o mdll-fil.o
+  soext = .dll
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# Mips Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out mips linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+  system.ads<system-linux-mips.ads
+
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# Mips/el Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out mipsel linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux-mipsel.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix-noaltstack.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+  g-sercom.adb<g-sercom-linux.adb
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32 = \
+  system.ads<system-linux-mipsel.ads
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64 = \
+  system.ads<system-linux-mips64el.ads
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(shell $(GCC_FOR_TARGET) $(GNATLIBCFLAGS) -print-multi-os-directory)),../lib64)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# Mips64/el Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out mips64el linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux-mipsel.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix-noaltstack.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+  g-sercom.adb<g-sercom-linux.adb
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32 = \
+  system.ads<system-linux-mipsel.ads
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64 = \
+  system.ads<system-linux-mips64el.ads
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(shell $(GCC_FOR_TARGET) $(GNATLIBCFLAGS) -print-multi-os-directory)),../lib64)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# PowerPC and e500v2 Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out powerpc% linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON = \
+  a-exetim.adb<a-exetim-posix.adb \
+  a-exetim.ads<a-exetim-default.ads \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  a-synbar.adb<a-synbar-posix.adb \
+  a-synbar.ads<a-synbar-posix.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-tls.adb \
+  g-sercom.adb<g-sercom-linux.adb \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out xenomai,$(THREAD_KIND))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON)
+
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux-xenomai.ads \
+    s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-linux-xenomai.adb \
+    s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux-xenomai.adb \
+    s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-linux-xenomai.ads \
+    system.ads<system-linux-ppc.ads
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32 = \
+    system.ads<system-linux-ppc.ads
+
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64 = \
+    system.ads<system-linux-ppc64.ads
+
+    ifeq ($(strip $(shell $(GCC_FOR_TARGET) $(GNATLIBCFLAGS) -print-multi-os-directory)),../lib64)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+    else
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+      $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+    endif
+
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+    s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+    s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+    s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+    s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+    s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+    s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix-noaltstack.ads
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o a-exetim.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread -lrt
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# ARM linux, GNU eabi
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out arm% linux-gnueabi%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix-noaltstack.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out arm%b,$(target_cpu))),)
+    EH_MECHANISM=
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    system.ads<system-linux-armeb.ads
+  else
+    EH_MECHANISM=-arm
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    system.ads<system-linux-armel.ads \
+    a-exexpr.adb<a-exexpr-gcc.adb \
+    s-excmac.ads<s-excmac-arm.ads
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o
+  EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=raise-gcc.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS+=g-cppexc.o s-excmac.o
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# Sparc Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out sparc% linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux-sparc.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix-noaltstack.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-tls.adb
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32 = \
+  system.ads<system-linux-sparc.ads
+
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64 = \
+  system.ads<system-linux-sparcv9.ads
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(shell $(GCC_FOR_TARGET) $(GNATLIBCFLAGS) -print-multi-os-directory)),../lib64)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_64)
+  else
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_COMMON) $(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS_32)
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# HP/PA Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out hppa% linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux-hppa.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix-noaltstack.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+  system.ads<system-linux-hppa.ads
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# SH4 Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out sh4% linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix-noaltstack.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+  system.ads<system-linux-sh4.ads
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-linux.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  MISCLIB=
+  THREADSLIB = -lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# IA64 Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %ia64 linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-exetim.adb<a-exetim-posix.adb \
+  a-exetim.ads<a-exetim-default.ads \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-libc-x86.ads \
+  a-synbar.adb<a-synbar-posix.adb \
+  a-synbar.ads<a-synbar-posix.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux.ads \
+  s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-tls.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix-noaltstack.ads \
+  g-sercom.adb<g-sercom-linux.adb \
+  system.ads<system-linux-ia64.ads \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o a-exetim.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  MISCLIB=
+  THREADSLIB=-lpthread -lrt
+  GNATLIB_SHARED=gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# IA64 HP-UX
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out ia64% hp hpux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_vendor) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-hpux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-hpux.ads \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-posix.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+  system.ads<system-hpux-ia64.ads \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-ia64-hpux.adb
+
+  MISCLIB=
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB=-lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED=gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  soext = .so
+  SO_OPTS = -Wl,+h,
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# Alpha Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out alpha% linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux-alpha.ads \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix-noaltstack.ads \
+  system.ads<system-linux-alpha.ads \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(ATOMICS_BUILTINS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  MISCLIB=
+  THREADSLIB=-lpthread
+  GNATLIB_SHARED=gnatlib-shared-dual
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# x86-64 Linux
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %x86_64 linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-exetim.adb<a-exetim-posix.adb \
+  a-exetim.ads<a-exetim-default.ads \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  a-synbar.adb<a-synbar-posix.adb \
+  a-synbar.ads<a-synbar-posix.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux.ads \
+  s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-tls.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  g-sercom.adb<g-sercom-linux.adb \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(X86_64_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  system.ads<system-linux-x86_64.ads
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=g-sse.o g-ssvety.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o a-exetim.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB=-lpthread -lrt
+  MISCLIB = -ldl
+  GNATLIB_SHARED=gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %x32 linux%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  a-exetim.adb<a-exetim-posix.adb \
+  a-exetim.ads<a-exetim-default.ads \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-linux.ads \
+  a-synbar.adb<a-synbar-posix.adb \
+  a-synbar.ads<a-synbar-posix.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-linux.ads<s-linux-x32.ads \
+  s-mudido.adb<s-mudido-affinity.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-linux.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-posix.adb \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-x32.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-linux.adb \
+  s-tasinf.ads<s-tasinf-linux.ads \
+  s-tasinf.adb<s-tasinf-linux.adb \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-tls.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  g-sercom.adb<g-sercom-linux.adb \
+  $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  $(X86_64_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+  system.ads<system-linux-x86.ads
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-linux.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-gnu.adb
+
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=g-sse.o g-ssvety.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS=s-linux.o a-exetim.o
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  THREADSLIB=-lpthread -lrt
+  GNATLIB_SHARED=gnatlib-shared-dual
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+endif
+
+# Darwin (Mac OS X)
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out darwin%,$(target_os))),)
+  SO_OPTS = -shared-libgcc
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+    a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-darwin.ads \
+    s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+    s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-darwin.adb \
+    s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-darwin.ads \
+    s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-posix.adb \
+    s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+    s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix-foreign.adb
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %86,$(target_cpu))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+      s-intman.adb<s-intman-susv3.adb \
+      s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-darwin.adb \
+      $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+    ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/x86_64)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+        $(X86_64_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+        system.ads<system-darwin-x86_64.ads
+      SO_OPTS += -m64
+    else
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+        $(X86_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+        system.ads<system-darwin-x86.ads
+    endif
+
+    EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=g-sse.o g-ssvety.o
+  endif
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out %x86_64,$(target_cpu))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+      s-intman.adb<s-intman-susv3.adb \
+      s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-darwin.adb \
+      $(ATOMICS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+    ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/i386)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+        $(X86_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+        system.ads<system-darwin-x86.ads
+      SO_OPTS += -m32
+    else
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+        $(X86_64_TARGET_PAIRS) \
+        system.ads<system-darwin-x86_64.ads
+    endif
+
+    EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS=g-sse.o g-ssvety.o
+  endif
+
+  ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out powerpc%,$(target_cpu))),)
+    LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+      s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+      s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-posix.adb \
+      a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-darwin.ads \
+      a-numaux.adb<a-numaux-darwin.adb
+
+    ifeq ($(strip $(MULTISUBDIR)),/ppc64)
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+        system.ads<system-darwin-ppc64.ads
+        SO_OPTS += -m64
+    else
+      LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+      system.ads<system-darwin-ppc.ads
+    endif
+  endif
+
+  TOOLS_TARGET_PAIRS =  \
+    mlib-tgt-specific.adb<mlib-tgt-specific-darwin.adb \
+    indepsw.adb<indepsw-darwin.adb
+
+  EH_MECHANISM=-gcc
+  GNATLIB_SHARED = gnatlib-shared-darwin
+  GMEM_LIB = gmemlib
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+  soext = .dylib
+  GCC_LINK_FLAGS=-static-libstdc++
+endif
+
+# ARM Nucleus
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out arm nucleus%,$(target_cpu) $(target_os))),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS = \
+  system.ads<system-nucleus-arm.ads \
+  a-numaux.ads<a-numaux-vxworks.ads \
+  a-intnam.ads<a-intnam-nucleus.ads \
+  s-inmaop.adb<s-inmaop-posix.adb \
+  s-intman.adb<s-intman-posix.adb \
+  s-osinte.ads<s-osinte-nucleus.ads \
+  s-osinte.adb<s-osinte-nucleus.adb \
+  s-osprim.adb<s-osprim-nucleus.adb \
+  s-parame.adb<s-parame-vxworks.adb \
+  s-taprop.adb<s-taprop-posix.adb \
+  s-taspri.ads<s-taspri-posix.ads \
+  s-tpopsp.adb<s-tpopsp-posix.adb \
+  $(DUMMY_SOCKETS_TARGET_PAIRS)
+
+  LIBRARY_VERSION := $(LIB_VERSION)
+  GNATRTL_SOCKETS_OBJS =
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(EH_MECHANISM),-gcc)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    a-exexpr.adb<a-exexpr-gcc.adb \
+    s-excmac.ads<s-excmac-gcc.ads
+  EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS+=raise-gcc.o
+  EXTRA_GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS+=g-cppexc.o s-excmac.o
+endif
+
+# Use the Ada 2005 version of Ada.Exceptions by default, unless specified
+# explicitly already. The base files (a-except.ad?) are used only for building
+# the compiler and other basic tools.
+# These base versions lack Ada 2005 additions which would cause bootstrap
+# problems if included in the compiler and other basic tools.
+
+ifeq ($(filter a-except%,$(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS)),)
+  LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS += \
+    a-except.ads<a-except-2005.ads \
+    a-except.adb<a-except-2005.adb
+endif
+
+# LIBGNAT_SRCS is the list of all C files (including headers) of the runtime
+# library.  LIBGNAT_OBJS is the list of object files for libgnat.
+# thread.c is special as put into GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS by Makefile.rtl
+LIBGNAT_OBJS = adadecode.o adaint.o argv.o aux-io.o 			\
+  cal.o cio.o cstreams.o ctrl_c.o					\
+  env.o errno.o exit.o expect.o final.o 				\
+  init.o initialize.o locales.o mkdir.o					\
+  raise.o seh_init.o socket.o sysdep.o					\
+  targext.o terminals.o tracebak.o 					\
+  $(EXTRA_LIBGNAT_OBJS)
+
+# NOTE ??? - when the -I option for compiling Ada code is made to work,
+#  the library installation will change and there will be a
+#  GNAT_RTL_SRCS.  Right now we count on being able to build GNATRTL_OBJS
+#  from ADA_INCLUDE_SRCS.
+
+LIBGNAT_SRCS = $(patsubst %.o,%.c,$(LIBGNAT_OBJS))			\
+  adadecode.h adaint.h env.h gsocket.h raise.h				\
+  tb-gcc.c thread.c $(EXTRA_LIBGNAT_SRCS)
+
+# GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS and GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS can be found in
+# the following include file:
+
+include $(fsrcdir)/ada/Makefile.rtl
+
+# memtrack.o is special as not put into libgnat.
+GNATRTL_OBJS = $(GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS) $(GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS) \
+  memtrack.o
+
+# Run time source files
+ADA_INCLUDE_SRCS =\
+ ada.ads calendar.ads directio.ads gnat.ads interfac.ads ioexcept.ads \
+ machcode.ads text_io.ads unchconv.ads unchdeal.ads \
+ sequenio.ads system.ads memtrack.adb \
+ a-[a-o]*.adb a-[p-z]*.adb a-[a-o]*.ads a-[p-z]*.ads g-*.ad? i-*.ad? \
+ s-[a-o]*.adb s-[p-z]*.adb s-[a-o]*.ads s-[p-z]*.ads
+
+# Files that are in ADA_INCLUDE_SRCS but not in all configurations.
+# They will be removed from the run time if not used.
+ADA_EXCLUDE_SRCS =\
+  s-bb.ads \
+  s-bbbosu.ads s-bbcaco.ads s-bbcppr.ads s-bbexti.adb s-bbexti.ads \
+  s-bbinte.adb s-bbinte.ads s-bbprot.adb s-bbprot.ads s-bbsle3.ads \
+  s-bbsuer.ads s-bbsule.ads s-bbthqu.adb s-bbthqu.ads s-bbthre.adb \
+  s-bbthre.ads s-bbtiev.adb s-bbtiev.ads s-bbtime.adb s-bbtime.ads \
+  s-bcprmu.adb s-bcprmu.ads s-btstch.adb s-btstch.ads \
+  s-init.ads s-init.adb \
+  s-po32gl.adb s-po32gl.ads \
+  s-stache.adb s-stache.ads \
+  s-thread.ads \
+  s-vxwext.adb s-vxwext.ads \
+  s-win32.ads  s-winext.ads \
+  g-regist.adb g-regist.ads g-sse.ads    g-ssvety.ads \
+  i-vxwoio.adb i-vxwoio.ads i-vxwork.ads \
+  g-allein.ads g-alleve.ads g-altcon.ads g-alveop.adb g-alvety.ads \
+  g-alleve.adb g-altcon.adb g-altive.ads g-alveop.ads g-alvevi.ads
+
+# ADA_EXCLUDE_SRCS without the sources used by the target
+ADA_EXCLUDE_FILES=$(filter-out \
+  $(patsubst %$(objext),%.ads,$(GNATRTL_OBJS)) \
+  $(patsubst %$(objext),%.adb,$(GNATRTL_OBJS)), \
+  $(ADA_EXCLUDE_SRCS))
+
+LIBGNAT=../$(RTSDIR)/libgnat.a
+
+TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS=		\
+	"CC=$(CC)" 		\
+	"CFLAGS=$(CFLAGS)"	\
+	"LDFLAGS=$(LDFLAGS)"	\
+	"ADAFLAGS=$(ADAFLAGS)"	\
+	"INCLUDES=$(INCLUDES_FOR_SUBDIR)"\
+	"ADA_INCLUDES=$(ADA_INCLUDES) $(ADA_INCLUDES_FOR_SUBDIR)"\
+	"libsubdir=$(libsubdir)"	\
+	"exeext=$(exeext)"	\
+	"fsrcdir=$(fsrcdir)"	\
+	"srcdir=$(fsrcdir)"	\
+	"TOOLS_LIBS=$(TOOLS_LIBS) $(TGT_LIB)"	\
+	"GNATMAKE=$(GNATMAKE)"	\
+	"GNATLINK=$(GNATLINK)"	\
+	"GNATBIND=$(GNATBIND)"
+
+GCC_LINK=$(CXX) $(GCC_LINK_FLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $(LDFLAGS)
+
+# Build directory for the tools. Let's copy the target-dependent
+# sources using the same mechanism as for gnatlib. The other sources are
+# accessed using the vpath directive below
+# Note: dummy target, stamp-tools is mainly handled by gnattools.
+
+../stamp-tools:
+	touch ../stamp-tools
+
+# when compiling the tools, the runtime has to be first on the path so that
+# it hides the runtime files lying with the rest of the sources
+ifeq ($(TOOLSCASE),native)
+  vpath %.ads ../$(RTSDIR) ../
+  vpath %.adb ../$(RTSDIR) ../
+  vpath %.c   ../$(RTSDIR) ../
+  vpath %.h   ../$(RTSDIR) ../
+endif
+
+# in the cross tools case, everything is compiled with the native
+# gnatmake/link. Therefore only -I needs to be modified in ADA_INCLUDES
+ifeq ($(TOOLSCASE),cross)
+  vpath %.ads ../
+  vpath %.adb ../
+  vpath %.c   ../
+  vpath %.h   ../
+endif
+
+# gnatmake/link tools cannot always be built with gnatmake/link for bootstrap
+# reasons: gnatmake should be built with a recent compiler, a recent compiler
+# may not generate ALI files compatible with an old gnatmake so it is important
+# to be able to build gnatmake without a version of gnatmake around. Once
+# everything has been compiled once, gnatmake can be recompiled with itself
+# (see target gnattools1-re)
+gnattools1: ../stamp-tools ../stamp-gnatlib-$(RTSDIR)
+	$(MAKE) -C tools -f ../Makefile $(TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+	  TOOLSCASE=native \
+	  ../../gnatmake$(exeext) ../../gnatlink$(exeext)
+
+# gnatmake/link can be built with recent gnatmake/link if they are available.
+# This is especially convenient for building cross tools or for rebuilding
+# the tools when the original bootstrap has already be done.
+gnattools1-re: ../stamp-tools
+	$(MAKE) -C tools -f ../Makefile $(TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+	  TOOLSCASE=cross INCLUDES="" gnatmake-re gnatlink-re
+
+# these tools are built with gnatmake & are common to native and cross
+gnattools2: ../stamp-tools
+	$(MAKE) -C tools -f ../Makefile $(TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+	  TOOLSCASE=native common-tools $(EXTRA_GNATTOOLS)
+
+# those tools are only built for the cross version
+gnattools4: ../stamp-tools
+ifeq ($(ENABLE_VXADDR2LINE),true)
+	$(MAKE) -C tools -f ../Makefile $(TOOLS_FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+	  TOOLSCASE=cross top_buildir=../../.. \
+	  ../../vxaddr2line$(exeext)
+endif
+
+common-tools: ../stamp-tools
+	$(GNATMAKE) -j0 -c -b $(ADA_INCLUDES) \
+	  --GNATBIND="$(GNATBIND)" --GCC="$(CC) $(ALL_ADAFLAGS)" \
+	  gnatchop gnatcmd gnatkr gnatls gnatprep gnatxref gnatfind gnatname \
+	  gnatclean -bargs $(ADA_INCLUDES) $(GNATBIND_FLAGS)
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatcmd -o ../../gnat$(exeext) \
+		--GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatchop -o ../../gnatchop$(exeext) \
+		--GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatkr -o ../../gnatkr$(exeext) \
+		--GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatls -o ../../gnatls$(exeext) \
+		--GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatprep -o ../../gnatprep$(exeext) \
+		--GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatxref -o ../../gnatxref$(exeext) \
+		--GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatfind -o ../../gnatfind$(exeext) \
+		--GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatname -o ../../gnatname$(exeext) \
+		--GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatclean -o ../../gnatclean$(exeext) \
+		--GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+
+../../gnatsym$(exeext): ../stamp-tools
+	$(GNATMAKE) -c $(ADA_INCLUDES) gnatsym --GCC="$(CC) $(ALL_ADAFLAGS)"
+	$(GNATBIND) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $(GNATBIND_FLAGS) gnatsym
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatsym -o $@ --GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+
+../../gnatdll$(exeext): ../stamp-tools
+	$(GNATMAKE) -c $(ADA_INCLUDES) gnatdll --GCC="$(CC) $(ALL_ADAFLAGS)"
+	$(GNATBIND) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $(GNATBIND_FLAGS) gnatdll
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatdll -o $@ --GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+
+../../vxaddr2line$(exeext): ../stamp-tools
+	$(GNATMAKE) -c  $(ADA_INCLUDES) vxaddr2line --GCC="$(CC) $(ALL_ADAFLAGS)"
+	$(GNATBIND) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $(GNATBIND_FLAGS) vxaddr2line
+	$(GNATLINK) -v vxaddr2line -o $@ --GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" ../targext.o $(CLIB)
+
+gnatmake-re: ../stamp-tools
+	$(GNATMAKE) -j0 $(ADA_INCLUDES) -u sdefault --GCC="$(CC) $(MOST_ADA_FLAGS)"
+	$(GNATMAKE) -j0 -c $(ADA_INCLUDES) gnatmake --GCC="$(CC) $(ALL_ADAFLAGS)"
+	$(GNATBIND) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $(GNATBIND_FLAGS) gnatmake
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatmake -o ../../gnatmake$(exeext) \
+		--GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+
+# Note the use of the "mv" command in order to allow gnatlink to be linked with
+# with the former version of gnatlink itself which cannot override itself.
+# gnatlink-re cannot be run at the same time as gnatmake-re, hence the
+# dependency
+gnatlink-re: ../stamp-tools gnatmake-re
+	$(GNATMAKE) -j0 -c $(ADA_INCLUDES) gnatlink --GCC="$(CC) $(ALL_ADAFLAGS)"
+	$(GNATBIND) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $(GNATBIND_FLAGS) gnatlink
+	$(GNATLINK) -v gnatlink -o ../../gnatlinknew$(exeext) \
+		    --GCC="$(GCC_LINK)" $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+	$(MV)  ../../gnatlinknew$(exeext)  ../../gnatlink$(exeext)
+
+# Needs to be built with CC=gcc
+# Since the RTL should be built with the latest compiler, remove the
+#  stamp target in the parent directory whenever gnat1 is rebuilt
+
+# Likewise for the tools
+../../gnatmake$(exeext): $(P) b_gnatm.o $(GNATMAKE_OBJS)
+	+$(GCC_LINK) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ b_gnatm.o $(GNATMAKE_OBJS) $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+
+../../gnatlink$(exeext): $(P) b_gnatl.o $(GNATLINK_OBJS)
+	+$(GCC_LINK) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ b_gnatl.o $(GNATLINK_OBJS) $(TOOLS_LIBS)
+
+../stamp-gnatlib-$(RTSDIR):
+	@if [ ! -f stamp-gnatlib-$(RTSDIR) ] ; \
+	then \
+	  $(ECHO) You must first build the GNAT library: make gnatlib; \
+	  false; \
+	else \
+	  true; \
+	fi
+
+install-gnatlib: ../stamp-gnatlib-$(RTSDIR)
+#	Create the directory before deleting it, in case the directory is
+#	a list of directories (as it may be on VMS). This ensures we are
+#	deleting the right one.
+	-$(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR)
+	-$(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_INCLUDE_DIR)
+	$(RMDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR)
+	$(RMDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_INCLUDE_DIR)
+	-$(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR)
+	-$(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_INCLUDE_DIR)
+	for file in $(RTSDIR)/*.ali; do \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA_DATE) $$file $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR); \
+	done
+	-cd $(RTSDIR); for file in *$(arext);do \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $$file $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR); \
+	    $(RANLIB_FOR_TARGET) $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR)/$$file; \
+	done
+	-$(foreach file, $(EXTRA_ADALIB_FILES), \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA_DATE) $(RTSDIR)/$(file) $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR) && \
+	) true
+#     Install the shared libraries, if any, using $(INSTALL) instead
+#     of $(INSTALL_DATA). The latter may force a mode inappropriate
+#     for shared libraries on some targets, e.g. on HP-UX where the x
+#     permission is required.
+#     Also install the .dSYM directories if they exist (these directories
+#     contain the debug information for the shared libraries on darwin)
+	for file in gnat gnarl; do \
+	   if [ -f $(RTSDIR)/lib$${file}$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) ]; then \
+	      $(INSTALL) $(RTSDIR)/lib$${file}$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+			 $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR); \
+	   fi; \
+	   if [ -f $(RTSDIR)/lib$${file}$(soext) ]; then \
+	      $(LN_S) lib$${file}$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+	      $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR)/lib$${file}$(soext); \
+	   fi; \
+	   if [ -d $(RTSDIR)/lib$${file}$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext).dSYM ]; then \
+	      $(CP) -r $(RTSDIR)/lib$${file}$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext).dSYM \
+	        $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR); \
+	   fi; \
+	done
+# This copy must be done preserving the date on the original file.
+	for file in $(RTSDIR)/*.ad?; do \
+	    $(INSTALL_DATA_DATE) $$file $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_INCLUDE_DIR); \
+	done
+	cd $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_INCLUDE_DIR); $(CHMOD) a-wx *.adb
+	cd $(DESTDIR)$(ADA_INCLUDE_DIR); $(CHMOD) a-wx *.ads
+
+../stamp-gnatlib2-$(RTSDIR):
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/s-*.ali
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/s-*$(objext)
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/a-*.ali
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/a-*$(objext)
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/*.ali
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/*$(objext)
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/*$(arext)
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/*$(soext)
+	touch ../stamp-gnatlib2-$(RTSDIR)
+	$(RM) ../stamp-gnatlib-$(RTSDIR)
+
+../stamp-gnatlib1-$(RTSDIR): Makefile ../stamp-gnatlib2-$(RTSDIR)
+	$(RMDIR) $(RTSDIR)
+	$(MKDIR) $(RTSDIR)
+	$(CHMOD) u+w $(RTSDIR)
+# Copy target independent sources
+	$(foreach f,$(ADA_INCLUDE_SRCS) $(LIBGNAT_SRCS), \
+	  $(LN_S) $(fsrcpfx)ada/$(f) $(RTSDIR) ;) true
+# Remove files not used
+	$(RM) $(patsubst %,$(RTSDIR)/%,$(ADA_EXCLUDE_FILES))
+# Remove files to be replaced by target dependent sources
+	$(RM) $(foreach PAIR,$(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS), \
+	                $(RTSDIR)/$(word 1,$(subst <, ,$(PAIR))))
+	for f in $(RTSDIR)/*-*-*.ads $(RTSDIR)/*-*-*.adb; do \
+	  case "$$f" in \
+	    $(RTSDIR)/s-stratt-*) ;; \
+	    *) $(RM) $$f ;; \
+	  esac; \
+	done
+# Copy new target dependent sources
+	$(foreach PAIR,$(LIBGNAT_TARGET_PAIRS), \
+	          $(LN_S) $(fsrcpfx)ada/$(word 2,$(subst <, ,$(PAIR))) \
+	                $(RTSDIR)/$(word 1,$(subst <, ,$(PAIR)));)
+# Copy tsystem.h
+	$(CP) $(srcdir)/tsystem.h $(RTSDIR)
+	$(RM) ../stamp-gnatlib-$(RTSDIR)
+	touch ../stamp-gnatlib1-$(RTSDIR)
+
+ifeq ($(strip $(filter-out alpha64 ia64 dec hp vms% openvms% alphavms%, $(host_cpu) $(host_os))),)
+OSCONS_CPP=../../$(DECC) -E /comment=as_is -DNATIVE \
+             -DTARGET='""$(target)""' $(fsrcpfx)ada/s-oscons-tmplt.c
+
+OSCONS_EXTRACT=../../$(DECC) -DNATIVE \
+                 -DTARGET='""$(target)""' $(fsrcpfx)ada/s-oscons-tmplt.c ; \
+  ld -o s-oscons-tmplt.exe s-oscons-tmplt.obj; \
+  ./s-oscons-tmplt.exe > s-oscons-tmplt.s
+
+else
+# GCC_FOR_TARGET has paths relative to the gcc directory, so we need to adjust
+# for running it from $(RTSDIR)
+OSCONS_CC=`echo "$(GCC_FOR_TARGET)" \
+  | sed -e 's^\./xgcc^../../xgcc^' -e 's^-B./^-B../../^'`
+OSCONS_CPP=$(OSCONS_CC) $(GNATLIBCFLAGS) -E -C \
+  -DTARGET=\"$(target)\" $(fsrcpfx)ada/s-oscons-tmplt.c > s-oscons-tmplt.i
+OSCONS_EXTRACT=$(OSCONS_CC) $(GNATLIBCFLAGS) -S s-oscons-tmplt.i
+endif
+
+./bldtools/oscons/xoscons: xoscons.adb xutil.ads xutil.adb
+	-$(MKDIR) ./bldtools/oscons
+	$(RM) $(addprefix ./bldtools/oscons/,$(notdir $^))
+	$(CP) $^ ./bldtools/oscons
+	(cd ./bldtools/oscons ; gnatmake -q xoscons)
+
+$(RTSDIR)/s-oscons.ads: ../stamp-gnatlib1-$(RTSDIR) s-oscons-tmplt.c gsocket.h ./bldtools/oscons/xoscons
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/s-oscons-tmplt.i $(RTSDIR)/s-oscons-tmplt.s
+	(cd $(RTSDIR) ; \
+	    $(OSCONS_CPP) ; \
+	    $(OSCONS_EXTRACT) ; \
+	    ../bldtools/oscons/xoscons s-oscons)
+
+# Don't use semicolon separated shell commands that involve list expansions.
+# The semicolon triggers a call to DCL on VMS and DCL can't handle command
+# line lengths in excess of 256 characters.
+# Example: cd $(RTSDIR); ar rc libfoo.a $(LONG_LIST_OF_OBJS)
+# is guaranteed to overflow the buffer.
+
+gnatlib: ../stamp-gnatlib1-$(RTSDIR) ../stamp-gnatlib2-$(RTSDIR) $(RTSDIR)/s-oscons.ads
+# C files
+	$(MAKE) -C $(RTSDIR) \
+		CC="`echo \"$(GCC_FOR_TARGET)\" \
+		| sed -e 's,\./xgcc,../../xgcc,' -e 's,-B\./,-B../../,'`" \
+	        INCLUDES="$(INCLUDES_FOR_SUBDIR) -I./../.." \
+                CFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C)" \
+	        FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS="$(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS)" \
+		srcdir=$(fsrcdir) \
+	        -f ../Makefile $(LIBGNAT_OBJS)
+# Ada files
+	$(MAKE) -C $(RTSDIR) \
+		CC="`echo \"$(GCC_FOR_TARGET)\" \
+		| sed -e 's,\./xgcc,../../xgcc,' -e 's,-B\./,-B../../,'`" \
+	        ADA_INCLUDES="" \
+                CFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS)" \
+	        ADAFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	        FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS="$(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS)" \
+		srcdir=$(fsrcdir) \
+	        -f ../Makefile $(GNATRTL_OBJS)
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/libgnat$(arext) $(RTSDIR)/libgnarl$(arext)
+	$(AR_FOR_TARGET) $(AR_FLAGS) $(RTSDIR)/libgnat$(arext) \
+	   $(addprefix $(RTSDIR)/,$(GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS) $(LIBGNAT_OBJS))
+	$(RANLIB_FOR_TARGET) $(RTSDIR)/libgnat$(arext)
+	$(AR_FOR_TARGET) $(AR_FLAGS) $(RTSDIR)/libgnarl$(arext) \
+	   $(addprefix $(RTSDIR)/,$(GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS))
+	$(RANLIB_FOR_TARGET) $(RTSDIR)/libgnarl$(arext)
+        ifeq ($(GMEM_LIB),gmemlib)
+		$(AR_FOR_TARGET) $(AR_FLAGS) $(RTSDIR)/libgmem$(arext) \
+		  $(RTSDIR)/memtrack.o
+		$(RANLIB_FOR_TARGET) $(RTSDIR)/libgmem$(arext)
+        endif
+	$(CHMOD) a-wx $(RTSDIR)/*.ali
+	touch ../stamp-gnatlib-$(RTSDIR)
+
+# Warning: this target assumes that LIBRARY_VERSION has been set correctly.
+gnatlib-shared-default:
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+             GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS) $(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C) $(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET)" \
+	     MULTISUBDIR="$(MULTISUBDIR)" \
+	     THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+             gnatlib
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/libgna*$(soext)
+	cd $(RTSDIR); `echo "$(GCC_FOR_TARGET)" \
+                | sed -e 's,\./xgcc,../../xgcc,' -e 's,-B\./,-B../../,'` -shared $(GNATLIBCFLAGS) \
+		$(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET) \
+		-o libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		$(GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS) $(LIBGNAT_OBJS) \
+		$(SO_OPTS)libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		$(MISCLIB) -lm
+	cd $(RTSDIR); `echo "$(GCC_FOR_TARGET)" \
+                | sed -e 's,\./xgcc,../../xgcc,' -e 's,-B\./,-B../../,'` -shared $(GNATLIBCFLAGS) \
+		$(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET) \
+		-o libgnarl$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		$(GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS) \
+		$(SO_OPTS)libgnarl$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		$(THREADSLIB)
+	cd $(RTSDIR); $(LN_S) libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		libgnat$(soext)
+	cd $(RTSDIR); $(LN_S) libgnarl$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		libgnarl$(soext)
+
+gnatlib-shared-dual:
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+             GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C)" \
+	     MULTISUBDIR="$(MULTISUBDIR)" \
+	     THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+             gnatlib-shared-default
+	$(MV) $(RTSDIR)/libgna*$(soext) .
+	$(RM) ../stamp-gnatlib2-$(RTSDIR)
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+             GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C)" \
+	     MULTISUBDIR="$(MULTISUBDIR)" \
+	     THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+             gnatlib
+	$(MV) libgna*$(soext) $(RTSDIR)
+
+gnatlib-shared-dual-win32:
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+             GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C)" \
+	     PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET="$(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET)" \
+	     MULTISUBDIR="$(MULTISUBDIR)" \
+	     THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+             gnatlib-shared-win32
+	$(MV) $(RTSDIR)/libgna*$(soext) .
+	$(RM) ../stamp-gnatlib2-$(RTSDIR)
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+             GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C)" \
+	     MULTISUBDIR="$(MULTISUBDIR)" \
+	     THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+             gnatlib
+	$(MV) libgna*$(soext) $(RTSDIR)
+
+# ??? we need to add the option to support auto-import of arrays/records to
+# the GNATLIBFLAGS when this will be supported by GNAT. At this point we will
+# use the gnatlib-shared-dual-win32 target to build the GNAT runtimes on
+# Windows.
+gnatlib-shared-win32:
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+             GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS) $(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C) $(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET)" \
+	     MULTISUBDIR="$(MULTISUBDIR)" \
+	     THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+             gnatlib
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/libgna*$(soext)
+	cd $(RTSDIR); `echo "$(GCC_FOR_TARGET)" \
+                | sed -e 's,\./xgcc,../../xgcc,' -e 's,-B\./,-B../../,'` -shared -shared-libgcc \
+		$(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET) \
+		-o libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		$(GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS) $(LIBGNAT_OBJS) \
+		$(SO_OPTS)libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) $(MISCLIB)
+	cd $(RTSDIR); `echo "$(GCC_FOR_TARGET)" \
+                | sed -e 's,\./xgcc,../../xgcc,' -e 's,-B\./,-B../../,'` -shared -shared-libgcc \
+		$(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET) \
+		-o libgnarl$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		$(GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS) \
+		$(SO_OPTS)libgnarl$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		$(THREADSLIB) -Wl,libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext)
+
+gnatlib-shared-darwin:
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+	     GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS) $(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C) $(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET) -fno-common" \
+	     MULTISUBDIR="$(MULTISUBDIR)" \
+	     THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+	     gnatlib
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/libgnat$(soext) $(RTSDIR)/libgnarl$(soext)
+	cd $(RTSDIR); `echo "$(GCC_FOR_TARGET)" \
+                | sed -e 's,\./xgcc,../../xgcc,' -e 's,-B\./,-B../../,'` -dynamiclib $(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET) \
+		-o libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		$(GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS) $(LIBGNAT_OBJS) \
+		$(SO_OPTS) \
+		-Wl,-install_name,@rpath/libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		$(MISCLIB)
+	cd $(RTSDIR); `echo "$(GCC_FOR_TARGET)" \
+                | sed -e 's,\./xgcc,../../xgcc,' -e 's,-B\./,-B../../,'` -dynamiclib $(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET) \
+		-o libgnarl$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		$(GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS) \
+		$(SO_OPTS) \
+		-Wl,-install_name,@rpath/libgnarl$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		$(THREADSLIB) -Wl,libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext)
+	cd $(RTSDIR); $(LN_S) libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		libgnat$(soext)
+	cd $(RTSDIR); $(LN_S) libgnarl$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+		libgnarl$(soext)
+	cd $(RTSDIR); dsymutil libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext)
+	cd $(RTSDIR); dsymutil libgnarl$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext)
+
+gnatlib-shared-vms:
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+             GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C)" \
+	     MULTISUBDIR="$(MULTISUBDIR)" \
+	     THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+             gnatlib
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/libgna*$(soext)
+	cd $(RTSDIR) && \
+	../../gnatsym -s SYMVEC_$$$$.opt \
+	$(LIBGNAT_OBJS) $(GNATRTL_NONTASKING_OBJS) && \
+	../../xgcc -g -B../../ -shared -shared-libgcc \
+	   -o libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) libgnat.a \
+	   sys\$$library:trace.exe \
+	   --for-linker=/noinform \
+	   --for-linker=SYMVEC_$$$$.opt \
+	   --for-linker=gsmatch=equal,$(GSMATCH_VERSION)
+	cd $(RTSDIR) && \
+	../../gnatsym -s SYMVEC_$$$$.opt \
+	$(GNATRTL_TASKING_OBJS) && \
+	../../xgcc -g -B../../ -shared -shared-libgcc \
+	   -o libgnarl$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+	   libgnarl.a libgnat$(hyphen)$(LIBRARY_VERSION)$(soext) \
+	   sys\$$library:trace.exe \
+	   --for-linker=/noinform \
+	   --for-linker=SYMVEC_$$$$.opt \
+	   --for-linker=gsmatch=equal,$(GSMATCH_VERSION)
+
+gnatlib-shared:
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+             GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C)" \
+	     MULTISUBDIR="$(MULTISUBDIR)" \
+	     THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+	     PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET="$(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET)" \
+             $(GNATLIB_SHARED)
+
+# When building a SJLJ runtime for VxWorks, in addition to forcing
+# ZCX_By_default to False, we need to ensure that extra linker options
+# are not passed to prevent the inclusion of useless objects and
+# potential troubles from the presence of extra symbols and references
+# in some configurations.  The inhibition is performed by commenting
+# the pragma instead of deleting the line, as the latter might result
+# in getting multiple blank lines, hence a style check error, as a
+# result.
+gnatlib-sjlj:
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) EH_MECHANISM="" \
+	THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" ../stamp-gnatlib1-$(RTSDIR)
+	sed -e 's/ZCX_By_Default.*/ZCX_By_Default            : constant Boolean := False;/' $(RTSDIR)/system.ads > $(RTSDIR)/s.ads
+	sed -e 's/\(pragma Linker.*crtbe.*\)/--  \1/' $(RTSDIR)/s.ads > $(RTSDIR)/s2.ads
+	$(RM) $(RTSDIR)/s.ads
+	$(MV) $(RTSDIR)/s2.ads $(RTSDIR)/system.ads
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+	     EH_MECHANISM="" \
+	     GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C)" \
+	     FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS="$(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS)" \
+	     MULTISUBDIR="$(MULTISUBDIR)" \
+	     THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+	     PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET="$(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET)" gnatlib
+
+gnatlib-zcx:
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) EH_MECHANISM="-gcc" \
+	  THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" ../stamp-gnatlib1-$(RTSDIR)
+	sed -e 's/ZCX_By_Default.*/ZCX_By_Default            : constant Boolean := True;/' $(RTSDIR)/system.ads > $(RTSDIR)/s.ads
+	$(MV) $(RTSDIR)/s.ads $(RTSDIR)/system.ads
+	$(MAKE) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) \
+	     EH_MECHANISM="-gcc" \
+	     GNATLIBFLAGS="$(GNATLIBFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS)" \
+	     GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C="$(GNATLIBCFLAGS_FOR_C)" \
+	     FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS="$(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS)" \
+	     MULTISUBDIR="$(MULTISUBDIR)" \
+	     THREAD_KIND="$(THREAD_KIND)" \
+	     PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET="$(PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET)" gnatlib
+
+# Compiling object files from source files.
+
+# Note that dependencies on obstack.h are not written
+# because that file is not part of GCC.
+# Dependencies on gvarargs.h are not written
+# because all that file does, when not compiling with GCC,
+# is include the system varargs.h.
+
+b_gnatl.adb : $(GNATLINK_OBJS)
+	$(GNATBIND) $(ADA_INCLUDES) -o b_gnatl.adb gnatlink.ali
+
+b_gnatl.o : b_gnatl.adb
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) -gnatws -gnatyN \
+	    $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+b_gnatm.adb : $(GNATMAKE_OBJS)
+	$(GNATBIND) $(ADA_INCLUDES) -o b_gnatm.adb gnatmake.ali
+
+b_gnatm.o : b_gnatm.adb
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) -gnatws -gnatyN \
+	    $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+ADA_INCLUDE_DIR = $(libsubdir)/adainclude
+ADA_RTL_OBJ_DIR = $(libsubdir)/adalib
+
+# Special flags
+
+# force no sibling call optimization on s-traceb.o so the number of stack
+# frames to be skipped when computing a call chain is not modified by
+# optimization.
+
+s-traceb.o  : s-traceb.adb s-traceb.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS) \
+	      $(NO_SIBLING_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+# force debugging information on s-tasdeb.o so that it is always
+# possible to set conditional breakpoints on tasks.
+
+s-tasdeb.o  : s-tasdeb.adb s-tasdeb.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS) -O0 $(ADA_INCLUDES) \
+	      $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+# force debugging information on s-vaflop.o so that it is always
+# possible to call the VAX float debug print routines.
+# force at least -O so that the inline assembly works.
+
+s-vaflop.o  : s-vaflop.adb s-vaflop.ads
+	$(CC) -c -O $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) \
+	      $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+# force no function reordering on a-except.o because of the exclusion bounds
+# mechanism (see the source file for more detailed information).
+# force debugging information on a-except.o so that it is always
+# possible to set conditional breakpoints on exceptions.
+# use -O1 otherwise gdb isn't able to get a full backtrace on mips targets.
+
+a-except.o  : a-except.adb a-except.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS) -O1 -fno-inline \
+	      $(NO_REORDER_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+# compile s-excdeb.o without optimization and with debug info to let the
+# debugger set breakpoints and inspect subprogram parameters on exception
+# related events.
+
+s-excdeb.o  : s-excdeb.adb s-excdeb.ads s-except.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS) -O0 $(ADA_INCLUDES) \
+	      $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+# force debugging information on s-assert.o so that it is always
+# possible to set breakpoint on assert failures.
+
+s-assert.o  : s-assert.adb s-assert.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) \
+	      $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+# force debugging information on a-tags.o so that the debugger can find
+# the description of Ada.Tags.Type_Specific_Data.
+
+a-tags.o  : a-tags.adb a-tags.ads
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ADAFLAGS) $(FORCE_DEBUG_ADAFLAGS) $(ADA_INCLUDES) \
+	      $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+# need to keep the frame pointer in this file to pop the stack properly on
+# some targets.
+tracebak.o  : tracebak.c tb-alvms.c tb-alvxw.c tb-gcc.c
+	$(COMPILER) -c $(ALL_COMPILERFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) $(ALL_CPPFLAGS) \
+	      $(INCLUDES) -fno-omit-frame-pointer $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+adadecode.o : adadecode.c adadecode.h
+aux-io.o  : aux-io.c
+argv.o    : argv.c
+cal.o     : cal.c
+deftarg.o : deftarg.c
+errno.o   : errno.c
+exit.o    : adaint.h exit.c
+expect.o  : expect.c
+final.o   : final.c
+locales.o : locales.c
+mkdir.o   : mkdir.c
+socket.o  : socket.c gsocket.h
+sysdep.o  : sysdep.c
+raise.o   : raise.c raise.h
+sigtramp-armvxw.o : sigtramp-armvxw.c sigtramp.h
+sigtramp-ppcvxw.o : sigtramp-ppcvxw.c sigtramp.h
+terminals.o : terminals.c
+vx_stack_info.o : vx_stack_info.c
+
+raise-gcc.o : raise-gcc.c raise.h
+	$(COMPILER) -c $(ALL_COMPILERFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) \
+		-iquote $(srcdir) -iquote $(ftop_srcdir)/libgcc \
+		$(ALL_CPPFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+cio.o     : cio.c
+	$(COMPILER) -c $(ALL_COMPILERFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) \
+	         $(ALL_CPPFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+init.o    : init.c adaint.h raise.h
+	$(COMPILER) -c $(ALL_COMPILERFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) \
+	         $(ALL_CPPFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+initialize.o : initialize.c raise.h
+	$(COMPILER) -c $(ALL_COMPILERFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) \
+	         $(ALL_CPPFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+link.o : link.c
+	$(COMPILER) -c $(ALL_COMPILERFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) \
+		$(ALL_CPPFLAGS) $(INCLUDES_FOR_SUBDIR) \
+		$< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+targext.o : targext.c
+	$(COMPILER) -c $(ALL_COMPILERFLAGS) $(ADA_CFLAGS) \
+		-iquote $(srcdir) \
+		$(ALL_CPPFLAGS) $(INCLUDES_FOR_SUBDIR) \
+		$< $(OUTPUT_OPTION)
+
+# In GNU Make, ignore whether `stage*' exists.
+.PHONY: stage1 stage2 stage3 stage4 clean realclean TAGS bootstrap
+.PHONY: risky-stage1 risky-stage2 risky-stage3 risky-stage4
+
+force:
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/ada-tree.def b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/ada-tree.def
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93967b58c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/ada-tree.def
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                       GNAT-SPECIFIC GCC TREE CODES                       *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                              Specification                               *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *            Copyright (C) 1992-2009, Free Software Foundation, Inc.       *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have received a copy of the GNU General   *
+ * Public License along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see        *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/* A type that is an unconstrained array.  This node is never passed to GCC.
+   TREE_TYPE is the type of the fat pointer and TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE is
+   the type of a record containing the template and data.  */
+DEFTREECODE (UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE, "unconstrained_array_type", tcc_type, 0)
+
+/* A reference to an unconstrained array.  This node only exists as an
+   intermediate node during the translation of a GNAT tree to a GCC tree;
+   it is never passed to GCC.  The only field used is operand 0, which
+   is the fat pointer object.  */
+DEFTREECODE (UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF, "unconstrained_array_ref",
+	     tcc_reference, 1)
+
+/* An expression that returns an RTL suitable for its type.  Operand 0
+   is an expression to be evaluated for side effects only.  */
+DEFTREECODE (NULL_EXPR, "null_expr", tcc_expression, 1)
+
+/* Same as PLUS_EXPR, except that no modulo reduction is applied.
+   This is used for loops and never shows up in the tree.  */
+DEFTREECODE (PLUS_NOMOD_EXPR, "plus_nomod_expr", tcc_binary, 2)
+
+/* Same as MINUS_EXPR, except that no modulo reduction is applied.
+   This is used for loops and never shows up in the tree.  */
+DEFTREECODE (MINUS_NOMOD_EXPR, "minus_nomod_expr", tcc_binary, 2)
+
+/* Same as ADDR_EXPR, except that if the operand represents a bit field,
+   return the address of the byte containing the bit.  This is used
+   for the Address attribute and never shows up in the tree.  */
+DEFTREECODE (ATTR_ADDR_EXPR, "attr_addr_expr", tcc_reference, 1)
+
+/* Here are the tree codes for the statement types known to Ada.  These
+   must be at the end of this file to allow IS_ADA_STMT to work.  */
+
+/* This is how record_code_position and insert_code_for work.  The former
+   makes this tree node, whose operand is a statement.  The latter inserts
+   the actual statements into this node.  Gimplification consists of
+   just returning the inner statement.  */
+DEFTREECODE (STMT_STMT, "stmt_stmt", tcc_statement, 1)
+
+/* A loop.  LOOP_STMT_COND is the test to exit the loop.  LOOP_STMT_UPDATE
+   is the statement to update the loop iteration variable at the continue
+   point.  LOOP_STMT_BODY are the statements in the body of the loop.  And
+   LOOP_STMT_LABEL points to the LABEL_DECL of the end label of the loop.  */
+DEFTREECODE (LOOP_STMT, "loop_stmt", tcc_statement, 4)
+
+/* Conditionally exit a loop.  EXIT_STMT_COND is the condition, which, if
+   true, will cause the loop to be exited.  If no condition is specified,
+   the loop is unconditionally exited.  EXIT_STMT_LABEL is the end label
+   corresponding to the loop to exit.  */
+DEFTREECODE (EXIT_STMT, "exit_stmt", tcc_statement, 2)
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/ada-tree.h b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/ada-tree.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1b45effc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/ada-tree.h
@@ -0,0 +1,513 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                             A D A - T R E E                              *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                              C Header File                               *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *          Copyright (C) 1992-2013, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have received a copy of the GNU General   *
+ * Public License along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see        *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/* The resulting tree type.  */
+union GTY((desc ("0"),
+	   chain_next ("CODE_CONTAINS_STRUCT (TREE_CODE (&%h.generic), TS_COMMON) ? ((union lang_tree_node *) TREE_CHAIN (&%h.generic)) : NULL")))
+  lang_tree_node
+{
+  union tree_node GTY((tag ("0"),
+		       desc ("tree_node_structure (&%h)"))) generic;
+};
+
+/* Ada uses the lang_decl and lang_type fields to hold a tree.
+
+   FIXME: the variable_size annotation here is needed because these types are
+   variable-sized in some other front-ends.  Due to gengtype deficiency, the
+   GTY options of such types have to agree across all front-ends.  */
+struct GTY((variable_size)) lang_type { tree t; };
+struct GTY((variable_size)) lang_decl { tree t; };
+
+/* Macros to get and set the tree in TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC.  */
+#define GET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC(NODE) \
+  (TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (NODE) ? TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (NODE)->t : NULL_TREE)
+
+#define SET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC(NODE, X)			 \
+do {							 \
+  tree tmp = (X);					 \
+  if (!TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (NODE))			 \
+    TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (NODE)				 \
+      = ggc_alloc_lang_type (sizeof (struct lang_type)); \
+  TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (NODE)->t = tmp;			 \
+} while (0)
+
+/* Macros to get and set the tree in DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC.  */
+#define GET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC(NODE) \
+  (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (NODE) ? DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (NODE)->t : NULL_TREE)
+
+#define SET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC(NODE, X)			 \
+do {							 \
+  tree tmp = (X);					 \
+  if (!DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (NODE))			 \
+    DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (NODE)				 \
+      = ggc_alloc_lang_decl (sizeof (struct lang_decl)); \
+  DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (NODE)->t = tmp;			 \
+} while (0)
+
+
+/* Flags added to type nodes.  */
+
+/* For RECORD_TYPE, UNION_TYPE, and QUAL_UNION_TYPE, nonzero if this is a
+   record being used as a fat pointer (only true for RECORD_TYPE).  */
+#define TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_0 (RECORD_OR_UNION_CHECK (NODE))
+
+#define TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P(NODE) \
+  (TREE_CODE (NODE) == RECORD_TYPE && TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (NODE))
+
+/* For integral types and array types, nonzero if this is a packed array type
+   used for bit-packed types.  Such types should not be extended to a larger
+   size or validated against a specified size.  */
+#define TYPE_PACKED_ARRAY_TYPE_P(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_0 (TREE_CHECK2 (NODE, INTEGER_TYPE, ARRAY_TYPE))
+
+#define TYPE_IS_PACKED_ARRAY_TYPE_P(NODE) \
+  ((TREE_CODE (NODE) == INTEGER_TYPE || TREE_CODE (NODE) == ARRAY_TYPE) \
+   && TYPE_PACKED_ARRAY_TYPE_P (NODE))
+
+/* For INTEGER_TYPE, nonzero if this is a modular type with a modulus that
+   is not equal to two to the power of its mode's size.  */
+#define TYPE_MODULAR_P(NODE) TYPE_LANG_FLAG_1 (INTEGER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* For ARRAY_TYPE, nonzero if this type corresponds to a dimension of
+   an Ada array other than the first.  */
+#define TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P(NODE) TYPE_LANG_FLAG_1 (ARRAY_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* For FUNCTION_TYPE, nonzero if this denotes a function returning an
+   unconstrained array or record.  */
+#define TYPE_RETURN_UNCONSTRAINED_P(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_1 (FUNCTION_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* For RECORD_TYPE, UNION_TYPE, and QUAL_UNION_TYPE, nonzero if this denotes
+   a justified modular type (will only be true for RECORD_TYPE).  */
+#define TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_1 (RECORD_OR_UNION_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero in an arithmetic subtype if this is a subtype not known to the
+   front-end.  */
+#define TYPE_EXTRA_SUBTYPE_P(NODE) TYPE_LANG_FLAG_2 (INTEGER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero for an aggregate type if this is a by-reference type.  We also
+   set this on an ENUMERAL_TYPE that is dummy.  */
+#define TYPE_BY_REFERENCE_P(NODE)				       \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_2 (TREE_CHECK5 (NODE, RECORD_TYPE, UNION_TYPE,	       \
+				 ARRAY_TYPE, UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE, \
+				 ENUMERAL_TYPE))
+
+#define TYPE_IS_BY_REFERENCE_P(NODE)		    \
+  ((TREE_CODE (NODE) == RECORD_TYPE		    \
+    || TREE_CODE (NODE) == UNION_TYPE		    \
+    || TREE_CODE (NODE) == ARRAY_TYPE		    \
+    || TREE_CODE (NODE) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE \
+    || TREE_CODE (NODE) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)	    \
+   && TYPE_BY_REFERENCE_P (NODE))
+
+/* For INTEGER_TYPE, nonzero if this really represents a VAX
+   floating-point type.  */
+#define TYPE_VAX_FLOATING_POINT_P(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_3 (INTEGER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* For RECORD_TYPE, UNION_TYPE, and QUAL_UNION_TYPE, nonzero if this is the
+   type for an object whose type includes its template in addition to
+   its value (only true for RECORD_TYPE).  */
+#define TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_3 (RECORD_OR_UNION_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* True if NODE is a thin pointer.  */
+#define TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P(NODE)			\
+  (POINTER_TYPE_P (NODE)				\
+   && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (NODE)) == RECORD_TYPE	\
+   && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (TREE_TYPE (NODE)))
+
+/* True if TYPE is either a fat or thin pointer to an unconstrained
+   array.  */
+#define TYPE_IS_FAT_OR_THIN_POINTER_P(NODE) \
+  (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (NODE) || TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (NODE))
+
+/* For INTEGER_TYPEs, nonzero if the type has a biased representation.  */
+#define TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_4 (INTEGER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* For ARRAY_TYPEs, nonzero if the array type has Convention_Fortran.  */
+#define TYPE_CONVENTION_FORTRAN_P(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_4 (ARRAY_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* For FUNCTION_TYPEs, nonzero if the function returns by direct reference,
+   i.e. the callee returns a pointer to a memory location it has allocated
+   and the caller only needs to dereference the pointer.  */
+#define TYPE_RETURN_BY_DIRECT_REF_P(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_4 (FUNCTION_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* For RECORD_TYPE, UNION_TYPE and ENUMERAL_TYPE, nonzero if this is a dummy
+   type, made to correspond to a private or incomplete type.  */
+#define TYPE_DUMMY_P(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_4 (TREE_CHECK3 (NODE, RECORD_TYPE, UNION_TYPE, ENUMERAL_TYPE))
+
+#define TYPE_IS_DUMMY_P(NODE)		  \
+  ((TREE_CODE (NODE) == RECORD_TYPE	  \
+    || TREE_CODE (NODE) == UNION_TYPE	  \
+    || TREE_CODE (NODE) == ENUMERAL_TYPE) \
+   && TYPE_DUMMY_P (NODE))
+
+/* For an INTEGER_TYPE, nonzero if TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS is present.  */
+#define TYPE_HAS_ACTUAL_BOUNDS_P(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_FLAG_5 (INTEGER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* For a RECORD_TYPE, nonzero if this was made just to supply needed
+   padding or alignment.  */
+#define TYPE_PADDING_P(NODE) TYPE_LANG_FLAG_5 (RECORD_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+#define TYPE_IS_PADDING_P(NODE) \
+  (TREE_CODE (NODE) == RECORD_TYPE && TYPE_PADDING_P (NODE))
+
+/* True if TYPE can alias any other types.  */
+#define TYPE_UNIVERSAL_ALIASING_P(NODE) TYPE_LANG_FLAG_6 (NODE)
+
+/* For an UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE, this is the record containing both the
+   template and the object.
+
+   ??? We also put this on an ENUMERAL_TYPE that is dummy.  Technically,
+   this is a conflict on the minval field, but there doesn't seem to be
+   simple fix, so we'll live with this kludge for now.  */
+#define TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE(NODE) \
+  (TYPE_MINVAL (TREE_CHECK2 ((NODE), UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE, ENUMERAL_TYPE)))
+
+/* For numerical types, this is the GCC lower bound of the type.  The GCC
+   type system is based on the invariant that an object X of a given type
+   cannot hold at run time a value smaller than its lower bound; otherwise
+   the behavior is undefined.  The optimizer takes advantage of this and
+   considers that the assertion X >= LB is always true.  */
+#define TYPE_GCC_MIN_VALUE(NODE) (TYPE_MINVAL (NUMERICAL_TYPE_CHECK (NODE)))
+
+/* For numerical types, this is the GCC upper bound of the type.  The GCC
+   type system is based on the invariant that an object X of a given type
+   cannot hold at run time a value larger than its upper bound; otherwise
+   the behavior is undefined.  The optimizer takes advantage of this and
+   considers that the assertion X <= UB is always true.  */
+#define TYPE_GCC_MAX_VALUE(NODE) (TYPE_MAXVAL (NUMERICAL_TYPE_CHECK (NODE)))
+
+/* For a FUNCTION_TYPE, if the subprogram has parameters passed by copy in/
+   copy out, this is the list of nodes used to specify the return values of
+   the out (or in out) parameters that are passed by copy in/copy out.  For
+   a full description of the copy in/copy out parameter passing mechanism
+   refer to the routine gnat_to_gnu_entity.  */
+#define TYPE_CI_CO_LIST(NODE) TYPE_LANG_SLOT_1 (FUNCTION_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* For a VECTOR_TYPE, this is the representative array type.  */
+#define TYPE_REPRESENTATIVE_ARRAY(NODE) \
+  TYPE_LANG_SLOT_1 (VECTOR_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* For numerical types, this holds various RM-defined values.  */
+#define TYPE_RM_VALUES(NODE) TYPE_LANG_SLOT_1 (NUMERICAL_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Macros to get and set the individual values in TYPE_RM_VALUES.  */
+#define TYPE_RM_VALUE(NODE, N)				    \
+  (TYPE_RM_VALUES (NODE)				    \
+   ? TREE_VEC_ELT (TYPE_RM_VALUES (NODE), (N)) : NULL_TREE)
+
+#define SET_TYPE_RM_VALUE(NODE, N, X)		   \
+do {						   \
+  tree tmp = (X);				   \
+  if (!TYPE_RM_VALUES (NODE))			   \
+    TYPE_RM_VALUES (NODE) = make_tree_vec (3);	   \
+  /* ??? The field is not visited by the generic   \
+     code so we need to mark it manually.  */	   \
+  MARK_VISITED (tmp);				   \
+  TREE_VEC_ELT (TYPE_RM_VALUES (NODE), (N)) = tmp; \
+} while (0)
+
+/* For numerical types, this is the RM size of the type, aka its precision.
+   There is a discrepancy between what is called precision here (and more
+   generally throughout gigi) and what is called precision in the GCC type
+   system: in the former case it's TYPE_RM_SIZE whereas it's TYPE_PRECISION
+   in the latter case.  They are not identical because of the need to support
+   invalid values.
+
+   These values can be outside the range of values allowed by the RM size
+   but they must nevertheless be valid in the GCC type system, otherwise
+   the optimizer can pretend that they simply don't exist.  Therefore they
+   must be within the range of values allowed by the precision in the GCC
+   sense, hence TYPE_PRECISION be set to the Esize, not the RM size.  */
+#define TYPE_RM_SIZE(NODE) TYPE_RM_VALUE ((NODE), 0)
+#define SET_TYPE_RM_SIZE(NODE, X) SET_TYPE_RM_VALUE ((NODE), 0, (X))
+
+/* For numerical types, this is the RM lower bound of the type.  There is
+   again a discrepancy between this lower bound and the GCC lower bound,
+   again because of the need to support invalid values.
+
+   These values can be outside the range of values allowed by the RM lower
+   bound but they must nevertheless be valid in the GCC type system, otherwise
+   the optimizer can pretend that they simply don't exist.  Therefore they
+   must be within the range of values allowed by the lower bound in the GCC
+   sense, hence the GCC lower bound be set to that of the base type.  */
+#define TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE(NODE) TYPE_RM_VALUE ((NODE), 1)
+#define SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE(NODE, X) SET_TYPE_RM_VALUE ((NODE), 1, (X))
+
+/* For numerical types, this is the RM upper bound of the type.  There is
+   again a discrepancy between this upper bound and the GCC upper bound,
+   again because of the need to support invalid values.
+
+   These values can be outside the range of values allowed by the RM upper
+   bound but they must nevertheless be valid in the GCC type system, otherwise
+   the optimizer can pretend that they simply don't exist.  Therefore they
+   must be within the range of values allowed by the upper bound in the GCC
+   sense, hence the GCC upper bound be set to that of the base type.  */
+#define TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE(NODE) TYPE_RM_VALUE ((NODE), 2)
+#define SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE(NODE, X) SET_TYPE_RM_VALUE ((NODE), 2, (X))
+
+/* For numerical types, this is the lower bound of the type, i.e. the RM lower
+   bound for language-defined types and the GCC lower bound for others.  */
+#undef TYPE_MIN_VALUE
+#define TYPE_MIN_VALUE(NODE) \
+  (TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (NODE) \
+   ? TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (NODE) : TYPE_GCC_MIN_VALUE (NODE))
+
+/* For numerical types, this is the upper bound of the type, i.e. the RM upper
+   bound for language-defined types and the GCC upper bound for others.  */
+#undef TYPE_MAX_VALUE
+#define TYPE_MAX_VALUE(NODE) \
+  (TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (NODE) \
+   ? TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (NODE) : TYPE_GCC_MAX_VALUE (NODE))
+
+/* For an INTEGER_TYPE with TYPE_MODULAR_P, this is the value of the
+   modulus. */
+#define TYPE_MODULUS(NODE) \
+  GET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (INTEGER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_TYPE_MODULUS(NODE, X) \
+  SET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (INTEGER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+/* For an INTEGER_TYPE with TYPE_VAX_FLOATING_POINT_P, this is the
+   Digits_Value.  */
+#define TYPE_DIGITS_VALUE(NODE) \
+  GET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (INTEGER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_TYPE_DIGITS_VALUE(NODE, X) \
+  SET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (INTEGER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+/* For an INTEGER_TYPE that is the TYPE_DOMAIN of some ARRAY_TYPE, this is
+   the type corresponding to the Ada index type.  */
+#define TYPE_INDEX_TYPE(NODE) \
+  GET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (INTEGER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_TYPE_INDEX_TYPE(NODE, X) \
+  SET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (INTEGER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+/* For an INTEGER_TYPE with TYPE_HAS_ACTUAL_BOUNDS_P or an ARRAY_TYPE, this is
+   the index type that should be used when the actual bounds are required for
+   a template.  This is used in the case of packed arrays.  */
+#define TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS(NODE) \
+  GET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (TREE_CHECK2 (NODE, INTEGER_TYPE, ARRAY_TYPE))
+#define SET_TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS(NODE, X) \
+  SET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (TREE_CHECK2 (NODE, INTEGER_TYPE, ARRAY_TYPE), X)
+
+/* For a POINTER_TYPE that points to the template type of an unconstrained
+   array type, this is the address to be used in a null fat pointer.  */
+#define TYPE_NULL_BOUNDS(NODE) \
+  GET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (POINTER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_TYPE_NULL_BOUNDS(NODE, X) \
+  SET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (POINTER_TYPE_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+/* For a RECORD_TYPE that is a fat pointer, this is the type for the
+   unconstrained array.  Likewise for a RECORD_TYPE that is pointed
+   to by a thin pointer, if it is made for the unconstrained array
+   type itself; the field is NULL_TREE if the RECORD_TYPE is made
+   for a constrained subtype of the array type.  */
+#define TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY(NODE) \
+  GET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (RECORD_TYPE_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY(NODE, X) \
+  SET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (RECORD_TYPE_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+/* For other RECORD_TYPEs and all UNION_TYPEs and QUAL_UNION_TYPEs, this is
+   the Ada size of the object.  This differs from the GCC size in that it
+   does not include any rounding up to the alignment of the type.  */
+#define TYPE_ADA_SIZE(NODE) \
+  GET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (RECORD_OR_UNION_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE(NODE, X) \
+  SET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (RECORD_OR_UNION_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+
+/* Flags added to decl nodes.  */
+
+/* Nonzero in a FUNCTION_DECL that represents a stubbed function
+   discriminant.  */
+#define DECL_STUBBED_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_0 (FUNCTION_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero in a VAR_DECL if it is guaranteed to be constant after having
+   been elaborated and TREE_READONLY is not set on it.  */
+#define DECL_READONLY_ONCE_ELAB(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_0 (VAR_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero in a CONST_DECL if its value is (essentially) the address of a
+   constant CONSTRUCTOR.  */
+#define DECL_CONST_ADDRESS_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_0 (CONST_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero in a FIELD_DECL if it is declared as aliased.  */
+#define DECL_ALIASED_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_0 (FIELD_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero in a TYPE_DECL if this is the declaration of a Taft amendment type
+   in the main unit, i.e. the full declaration is available.  */
+#define DECL_TAFT_TYPE_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_0 (TYPE_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero in a DECL if it is always used by reference, i.e. an INDIRECT_REF
+   is needed to access the object.  */
+#define DECL_BY_REF_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_1 (NODE)
+
+/* Nonzero in a DECL if it is made for a pointer that can never be null.  */
+#define DECL_CAN_NEVER_BE_NULL_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_2 (NODE)
+
+/* Nonzero in a VAR_DECL if it is made for a loop parameter.  */
+#define DECL_LOOP_PARM_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_3 (VAR_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero in a FIELD_DECL that is a dummy built for some internal reason.  */
+#define DECL_INTERNAL_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_3 (FIELD_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero in a PARM_DECL if it is made for an Ada array being passed to a
+   foreign convention subprogram.  */
+#define DECL_BY_COMPONENT_PTR_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_3 (PARM_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero in a FUNCTION_DECL that corresponds to an elaboration procedure.  */
+#define DECL_ELABORATION_PROC_P(NODE) \
+  DECL_LANG_FLAG_3 (FUNCTION_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero in a DECL if it is made for a pointer that points to something which
+   is readonly.  */
+#define DECL_POINTS_TO_READONLY_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_4 (NODE)
+
+/* Nonzero in a PARM_DECL if we are to pass by descriptor.  */
+#define DECL_BY_DESCRIPTOR_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_5 (PARM_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Nonzero in a VAR_DECL if it is a pointer renaming a global object.  */
+#define DECL_RENAMING_GLOBAL_P(NODE) DECL_LANG_FLAG_5 (VAR_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* In a FIELD_DECL corresponding to a discriminant, contains the
+   discriminant number.  */
+#define DECL_DISCRIMINANT_NUMBER(NODE) DECL_INITIAL (FIELD_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* In a CONST_DECL, points to a VAR_DECL that is allocatable to
+   memory.  Used when a scalar constant is aliased or has its
+   address taken.  */
+#define DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR(NODE) \
+  GET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (CONST_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR(NODE, X) \
+  SET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (CONST_DECL_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+/* In a FIELD_DECL, points to the FIELD_DECL that was the ultimate
+   source of the decl.  */
+#define DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD(NODE) \
+  GET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (FIELD_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD(NODE, X) \
+  SET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (FIELD_DECL_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+/* Set DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD of FIELD1 to (that of) FIELD2.  */
+#define SET_DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD_TO_FIELD(FIELD1, FIELD2)	\
+  SET_DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD ((FIELD1),				\
+			   DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD (FIELD2)		\
+			   ? DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD (FIELD2) : (FIELD2))
+
+/* Return true if FIELD1 and FIELD2 represent the same field.  */
+#define SAME_FIELD_P(FIELD1, FIELD2)					\
+  ((FIELD1) == (FIELD2)							\
+   || DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD (FIELD1) == (FIELD2)				\
+   || (FIELD1) == DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD (FIELD2)				\
+   || (DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD (FIELD1)					\
+       && (DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD (FIELD1) == DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD (FIELD2))))
+
+/* In a VAR_DECL with the DECL_LOOP_PARM_P flag set, points to the special
+   induction variable that is built under certain circumstances, if any.  */
+#define DECL_INDUCTION_VAR(NODE) \
+  GET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (VAR_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_DECL_INDUCTION_VAR(NODE, X) \
+  SET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (VAR_DECL_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+/* In a VAR_DECL without the DECL_LOOP_PARM_P flag set and that is a renaming
+   pointer, points to the object being renamed, if any.  Note that this object
+   is guaranteed to be protected against multiple evaluations.  */
+#define DECL_RENAMED_OBJECT(NODE) \
+  GET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (VAR_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_DECL_RENAMED_OBJECT(NODE, X) \
+  SET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (VAR_DECL_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+/* In a TYPE_DECL, points to the parallel type if any, otherwise 0.  */
+#define DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE(NODE) \
+  GET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (TYPE_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE(NODE, X) \
+  SET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (TYPE_DECL_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+/* In a FUNCTION_DECL, points to the stub associated with the function
+   if any, otherwise 0.  */
+#define DECL_FUNCTION_STUB(NODE) \
+  GET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (FUNCTION_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_DECL_FUNCTION_STUB(NODE, X) \
+  SET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (FUNCTION_DECL_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+/* In a PARM_DECL, points to the alternate TREE_TYPE.  */
+#define DECL_PARM_ALT_TYPE(NODE) \
+  GET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (PARM_DECL_CHECK (NODE))
+#define SET_DECL_PARM_ALT_TYPE(NODE, X) \
+  SET_DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (PARM_DECL_CHECK (NODE), X)
+
+
+/* Flags added to ref nodes.  */
+
+/* Nonzero means this node will not trap.  */
+#undef TREE_THIS_NOTRAP
+#define TREE_THIS_NOTRAP(NODE) \
+  (TREE_CHECK4 (NODE, INDIRECT_REF, ARRAY_REF, UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF, \
+		ARRAY_RANGE_REF)->base.nothrow_flag)
+
+
+/* Fields and macros for statements.  */
+#define IS_ADA_STMT(NODE) \
+  (STATEMENT_CLASS_P (NODE) && TREE_CODE (NODE) >= STMT_STMT)
+
+#define STMT_STMT_STMT(NODE)     TREE_OPERAND_CHECK_CODE (NODE, STMT_STMT, 0)
+
+#define LOOP_STMT_COND(NODE)     TREE_OPERAND_CHECK_CODE (NODE, LOOP_STMT, 0)
+#define LOOP_STMT_UPDATE(NODE)   TREE_OPERAND_CHECK_CODE (NODE, LOOP_STMT, 1)
+#define LOOP_STMT_BODY(NODE)     TREE_OPERAND_CHECK_CODE (NODE, LOOP_STMT, 2)
+#define LOOP_STMT_LABEL(NODE)    TREE_OPERAND_CHECK_CODE (NODE, LOOP_STMT, 3)
+
+/* A loop statement is conceptually made up of 6 sub-statements:
+
+    loop:
+      TOP_CONDITION
+      TOP_UPDATE
+      BODY
+      BOTTOM_CONDITION
+      BOTTOM_UPDATE
+      GOTO loop
+
+  However, only 4 of them can exist for a given loop, the pair of conditions
+  and the pair of updates being mutually exclusive.  The default setting is
+  TOP_CONDITION and BOTTOM_UPDATE and the following couple of flags are used
+  to toggle the individual settings.  */
+#define LOOP_STMT_BOTTOM_COND_P(NODE) TREE_LANG_FLAG_0 (LOOP_STMT_CHECK (NODE))
+#define LOOP_STMT_TOP_UPDATE_P(NODE)  TREE_LANG_FLAG_1 (LOOP_STMT_CHECK (NODE))
+
+/* Optimization hints on loops.  */
+#define LOOP_STMT_NO_UNROLL(NODE) TREE_LANG_FLAG_2 (LOOP_STMT_CHECK (NODE))
+#define LOOP_STMT_UNROLL(NODE)    TREE_LANG_FLAG_3 (LOOP_STMT_CHECK (NODE))
+#define LOOP_STMT_NO_VECTOR(NODE) TREE_LANG_FLAG_4 (LOOP_STMT_CHECK (NODE))
+#define LOOP_STMT_VECTOR(NODE)    TREE_LANG_FLAG_5 (LOOP_STMT_CHECK (NODE))
+
+#define EXIT_STMT_COND(NODE)     TREE_OPERAND_CHECK_CODE (NODE, EXIT_STMT, 0)
+#define EXIT_STMT_LABEL(NODE)    TREE_OPERAND_CHECK_CODE (NODE, EXIT_STMT, 1)
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/ada.h b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/ada.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..197ab95d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/ada.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                                  A D A                                   *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                              C Header File                               *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *          Copyright (C) 1992-2013, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General *
+ * Public License  distributed  with GNAT;  see file  COPYING3.  If not see *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/* This file contains some standard macros for performing Ada-like
+   operations. These are used to aid in the translation of other headers. */
+
+#ifndef GCC_ADA_H
+#define GCC_ADA_H
+
+/* Inlined functions in header are preceded by INLINE, which is normally set
+   to extern inline for GCC, but may be set to static for use in standard
+   ANSI-C.  */
+
+#ifndef INLINE
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define INLINE static inline
+#else
+#define INLINE static
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* Define a macro to concatenate two strings.  Write it for ANSI C and
+   for traditional C.  */
+
+#ifdef __STDC__
+#define CAT(A,B) A##B
+#else
+#define _ECHO(A) A
+#define CAT(A,B) _ECHO(A)B
+#endif
+
+/* The following macro definition simulates the effect of a declaration of
+   a subtype, where the first two parameters give the name of the type and
+   subtype, and the third and fourth parameters give the subtype range. The
+   effect is to compile a typedef defining the subtype as a synonym for the
+   type, together with two constants defining the end points.  */
+
+#define SUBTYPE(SUBTYPE,TYPE,FIRST,LAST)	\
+  typedef TYPE SUBTYPE;				\
+  enum { CAT (SUBTYPE,__First) = FIRST,		\
+         CAT (SUBTYPE,__Last) = LAST };
+
+/* The following definition provides the equivalent of the Ada IN operator,
+   assuming that the subtype involved has been defined using the SUBTYPE
+   macro defined above.  */
+
+#define IN(VALUE,SUBTYPE) \
+  (((VALUE) >= (SUBTYPE) CAT (SUBTYPE,__First)) \
+   && ((VALUE) <= (SUBTYPE) CAT (SUBTYPE,__Last)))
+
+#endif
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/config-lang.in b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/config-lang.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5dc77df28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/config-lang.in
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Top level configure fragment for GNU Ada (GNAT).
+#   Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+#This file is part of GCC.
+
+#GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+#it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+#the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+#any later version.
+
+#GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+#GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+#You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+#along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+#<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Configure looks for the existence of this file to auto-config each language.
+# We define several parameters used by configure:
+#
+# language	- name of language as it would appear in $(LANGUAGES)
+# gcc_subdir	- where the gcc integration files are to be found
+# boot_language	- "yes" if we need to build this language in stage1
+# compilers	- value to add to $(COMPILERS)
+
+language="ada"
+gcc_subdir="ada/gcc-interface"
+boot_language=yes
+compilers="gnat1\$(exeext)"
+
+gtfiles="\$(srcdir)/ada/gcc-interface/ada-tree.h \$(srcdir)/ada/gcc-interface/gigi.h \$(srcdir)/ada/gcc-interface/decl.c \$(srcdir)/ada/gcc-interface/trans.c \$(srcdir)/ada/gcc-interface/utils.c \$(srcdir)/ada/gcc-interface/misc.c"
+
+outputs="ada/gcc-interface/Makefile ada/Makefile"
+
+target_libs="target-libada"
+lang_dirs="gnattools"
+
+# Ada is not enabled by default for the time being.
+build_by_default=no
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/cuintp.c b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/cuintp.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5736f5ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/cuintp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                        GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                               C U I N T P                                *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                          C Implementation File                           *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *          Copyright (C) 1992-2014, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have received a copy of the GNU General   *
+ * Public License along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see        *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/* This file corresponds to the Ada package body Uintp.  It was created
+   manually from the files uintp.ads and uintp.adb.  */
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "tm.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+
+#include "ada.h"
+#include "types.h"
+#include "uintp.h"
+#include "ada-tree.h"
+#include "gigi.h"
+
+/* Universal integers are represented by the Uint type which is an index into
+   the Uints_Ptr table containing Uint_Entry values.  A Uint_Entry contains an
+   index and length for getting the "digits" of the universal integer from the
+   Udigits_Ptr table.
+
+   For efficiency, this method is used only for integer values larger than the
+   constant Uint_Bias.  If a Uint is less than this constant, then it contains
+   the integer value itself.  The origin of the Uints_Ptr table is adjusted so
+   that a Uint value of Uint_Bias indexes the first element.
+
+   First define a utility function that operates like build_int_cst_type for
+   integral types and does a conversion for floating-point types.  */
+
+static tree
+build_cst_from_int (tree type, HOST_WIDE_INT low)
+{
+  if (SCALAR_FLOAT_TYPE_P (type))
+    return convert (type, build_int_cst (gnat_type_for_size (32, 0), low));
+  else
+    return build_int_cst_type (type, low);
+}
+
+/* Similar to UI_To_Int, but return a GCC INTEGER_CST or REAL_CST node,
+   depending on whether TYPE is an integral or real type.  Overflow is tested
+   by the constant-folding used to build the node.  TYPE is the GCC type of
+   the resulting node.  */
+
+tree
+UI_To_gnu (Uint Input, tree type)
+{
+  /* We might have a TYPE with biased representation and be passed an unbiased
+     value that doesn't fit.  We always use an unbiased type to be able to hold
+     any such possible value for intermediate computations and then rely on a
+     conversion back to TYPE to perform the bias adjustment when need be.  */
+  tree comp_type
+    = TREE_CODE (type) == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (type)
+      ? get_base_type (type) : type;
+  tree gnu_ret;
+
+  if (Input <= Uint_Direct_Last)
+    gnu_ret = build_cst_from_int (comp_type, Input - Uint_Direct_Bias);
+  else
+    {
+      Int Idx = Uints_Ptr[Input].Loc;
+      Pos Length = Uints_Ptr[Input].Length;
+      Int First = Udigits_Ptr[Idx];
+      tree gnu_base;
+
+      gcc_assert (Length > 0);
+
+      /* The computations we perform below always require a type at least as
+	 large as an integer not to overflow.  FP types are always fine, but
+	 INTEGER or ENUMERAL types we are handed may be too short.  We use a
+	 base integer type node for the computations in this case and will
+	 convert the final result back to the incoming type later on.  */
+      if (!SCALAR_FLOAT_TYPE_P (comp_type) && TYPE_PRECISION (comp_type) < 32)
+	comp_type = gnat_type_for_size (32, 0);
+
+      gnu_base = build_cst_from_int (comp_type, Base);
+
+      gnu_ret = build_cst_from_int (comp_type, First);
+      if (First < 0)
+	for (Idx++, Length--; Length; Idx++, Length--)
+	  gnu_ret = fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, comp_type,
+				 fold_build2 (MULT_EXPR, comp_type,
+					      gnu_ret, gnu_base),
+				 build_cst_from_int (comp_type,
+						     Udigits_Ptr[Idx]));
+      else
+	for (Idx++, Length--; Length; Idx++, Length--)
+	  gnu_ret = fold_build2 (PLUS_EXPR, comp_type,
+				 fold_build2 (MULT_EXPR, comp_type,
+					      gnu_ret, gnu_base),
+				 build_cst_from_int (comp_type,
+						     Udigits_Ptr[Idx]));
+    }
+
+  gnu_ret = convert (type, gnu_ret);
+
+  /* We don't need any NOP_EXPR or NON_LVALUE_EXPR on GNU_RET.  */
+  while ((TREE_CODE (gnu_ret) == NOP_EXPR
+	  || TREE_CODE (gnu_ret) == NON_LVALUE_EXPR)
+	 && TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_ret, 0)) == TREE_TYPE (gnu_ret))
+    gnu_ret = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_ret, 0);
+
+  return gnu_ret;
+}
+
+/* Similar to UI_From_Int, but take a GCC INTEGER_CST.  We use UI_From_Int
+   when possible, i.e. for a 32-bit signed value, to take advantage of its
+   built-in caching mechanism.  For values of larger magnitude, we compute
+   digits into a vector and call Vector_To_Uint.  */
+
+Uint
+UI_From_gnu (tree Input)
+{
+  tree gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (Input), gnu_base, gnu_temp;
+  /* UI_Base is defined so that 5 Uint digits is sufficient to hold the
+     largest possible signed 64-bit value.  */
+  const int Max_For_Dint = 5;
+  int v[Max_For_Dint], i;
+  Vector_Template temp;
+  Int_Vector vec;
+
+#if HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT == 64
+  /* On 64-bit hosts, tree_fits_shwi_p tells whether the input fits in a
+     signed 64-bit integer.  Then a truncation tells whether it fits
+     in a signed 32-bit integer.  */
+  if (tree_fits_shwi_p (Input))
+    {
+      HOST_WIDE_INT hw_input = tree_to_shwi (Input);
+      if (hw_input == (int) hw_input)
+	return UI_From_Int (hw_input);
+    }
+  else
+    return No_Uint;
+#else
+  /* On 32-bit hosts, tree_fits_shwi_p tells whether the input fits in a
+     signed 32-bit integer.  Then a sign test tells whether it fits
+     in a signed 64-bit integer.  */
+  if (tree_fits_shwi_p (Input))
+    return UI_From_Int (tree_to_shwi (Input));
+  else if (TREE_INT_CST_HIGH (Input) < 0 && TYPE_UNSIGNED (gnu_type))
+    return No_Uint;
+#endif
+
+  gnu_base = build_int_cst (gnu_type, UI_Base);
+  gnu_temp = Input;
+
+  for (i = Max_For_Dint - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+    {
+      v[i] = tree_to_shwi (fold_build1 (ABS_EXPR, gnu_type,
+					fold_build2 (TRUNC_MOD_EXPR, gnu_type,
+						     gnu_temp, gnu_base)));
+      gnu_temp = fold_build2 (TRUNC_DIV_EXPR, gnu_type, gnu_temp, gnu_base);
+    }
+
+  temp.Low_Bound = 1;
+  temp.High_Bound = Max_For_Dint;
+  vec.Bounds = &temp;
+  vec.Array = v;
+  return Vector_To_Uint (vec, tree_int_cst_sgn (Input) < 0);
+}
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/decl.c b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/decl.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4180e59f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/decl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8924 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                                 D E C L                                  *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                          C Implementation File                           *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *          Copyright (C) 1992-2014, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have received a copy of the GNU General   *
+ * Public License along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see        *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "tm.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "stringpool.h"
+#include "stor-layout.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "toplev.h"
+#include "ggc.h"
+#include "target.h"
+#include "tree-inline.h"
+#include "diagnostic-core.h"
+
+#include "ada.h"
+#include "types.h"
+#include "atree.h"
+#include "elists.h"
+#include "namet.h"
+#include "nlists.h"
+#include "repinfo.h"
+#include "snames.h"
+#include "stringt.h"
+#include "uintp.h"
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "sinfo.h"
+#include "einfo.h"
+#include "ada-tree.h"
+#include "gigi.h"
+
+/* "stdcall" and "thiscall" conventions should be processed in a specific way
+   on 32-bit x86/Windows only.  The macros below are helpers to avoid having
+   to check for a Windows specific attribute throughout this unit.  */
+
+#if TARGET_DLLIMPORT_DECL_ATTRIBUTES
+#ifdef TARGET_64BIT
+#define Has_Stdcall_Convention(E) \
+  (!TARGET_64BIT && Convention (E) == Convention_Stdcall)
+#define Has_Thiscall_Convention(E) \
+  (!TARGET_64BIT && is_cplusplus_method (E))
+#else
+#define Has_Stdcall_Convention(E) (Convention (E) == Convention_Stdcall)
+#define Has_Thiscall_Convention(E) (is_cplusplus_method (E))
+#endif
+#else
+#define Has_Stdcall_Convention(E) 0
+#define Has_Thiscall_Convention(E) 0
+#endif
+
+/* Stack realignment is necessary for functions with foreign conventions when
+   the ABI doesn't mandate as much as what the compiler assumes - that is, up
+   to PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY.
+
+   Such realignment can be requested with a dedicated function type attribute
+   on the targets that support it.  We define FOREIGN_FORCE_REALIGN_STACK to
+   characterize the situations where the attribute should be set.  We rely on
+   compiler configuration settings for 'main' to decide.  */
+
+#ifdef MAIN_STACK_BOUNDARY
+#define FOREIGN_FORCE_REALIGN_STACK \
+  (MAIN_STACK_BOUNDARY < PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY)
+#else
+#define FOREIGN_FORCE_REALIGN_STACK 0
+#endif
+
+struct incomplete
+{
+  struct incomplete *next;
+  tree old_type;
+  Entity_Id full_type;
+};
+
+/* These variables are used to defer recursively expanding incomplete types
+   while we are processing an array, a record or a subprogram type.  */
+static int defer_incomplete_level = 0;
+static struct incomplete *defer_incomplete_list;
+
+/* This variable is used to delay expanding From_Limited_With types until the
+   end of the spec.  */
+static struct incomplete *defer_limited_with;
+
+typedef struct subst_pair_d {
+  tree discriminant;
+  tree replacement;
+} subst_pair;
+
+
+typedef struct variant_desc_d {
+  /* The type of the variant.  */
+  tree type;
+
+  /* The associated field.  */
+  tree field;
+
+  /* The value of the qualifier.  */
+  tree qual;
+
+  /* The type of the variant after transformation.  */
+  tree new_type;
+} variant_desc;
+
+
+/* A hash table used to cache the result of annotate_value.  */
+static GTY ((if_marked ("tree_int_map_marked_p"),
+	     param_is (struct tree_int_map))) htab_t annotate_value_cache;
+
+static bool allocatable_size_p (tree, bool);
+static void prepend_one_attribute (struct attrib **,
+				   enum attr_type, tree, tree, Node_Id);
+static void prepend_one_attribute_pragma (struct attrib **, Node_Id);
+static void prepend_attributes (struct attrib **, Entity_Id);
+static tree elaborate_expression (Node_Id, Entity_Id, tree, bool, bool, bool);
+static bool type_has_variable_size (tree);
+static tree elaborate_expression_1 (tree, Entity_Id, tree, bool, bool);
+static tree elaborate_expression_2 (tree, Entity_Id, tree, bool, bool,
+				    unsigned int);
+static tree gnat_to_gnu_component_type (Entity_Id, bool, bool);
+static tree gnat_to_gnu_param (Entity_Id, Mechanism_Type, Entity_Id, bool,
+			       bool *);
+static tree gnat_to_gnu_field (Entity_Id, tree, int, bool, bool);
+static bool same_discriminant_p (Entity_Id, Entity_Id);
+static bool array_type_has_nonaliased_component (tree, Entity_Id);
+static bool compile_time_known_address_p (Node_Id);
+static bool cannot_be_superflat_p (Node_Id);
+static bool constructor_address_p (tree);
+static int compare_field_bitpos (const PTR, const PTR);
+static bool components_to_record (tree, Node_Id, tree, int, bool, bool, bool,
+				  bool, bool, bool, bool, bool, tree, tree *);
+static Uint annotate_value (tree);
+static void annotate_rep (Entity_Id, tree);
+static tree build_position_list (tree, bool, tree, tree, unsigned int, tree);
+static vec<subst_pair> build_subst_list (Entity_Id, Entity_Id, bool);
+static vec<variant_desc> build_variant_list (tree,
+						   vec<subst_pair> ,
+						   vec<variant_desc> );
+static tree validate_size (Uint, tree, Entity_Id, enum tree_code, bool, bool);
+static void set_rm_size (Uint, tree, Entity_Id);
+static unsigned int validate_alignment (Uint, Entity_Id, unsigned int);
+static void check_ok_for_atomic (tree, Entity_Id, bool);
+static tree create_field_decl_from (tree, tree, tree, tree, tree,
+				    vec<subst_pair> );
+static tree create_rep_part (tree, tree, tree);
+static tree get_rep_part (tree);
+static tree create_variant_part_from (tree, vec<variant_desc> , tree,
+				      tree, vec<subst_pair> );
+static void copy_and_substitute_in_size (tree, tree, vec<subst_pair> );
+
+/* The relevant constituents of a subprogram binding to a GCC builtin.  Used
+   to pass around calls performing profile compatibility checks.  */
+
+typedef struct {
+  Entity_Id gnat_entity;  /* The Ada subprogram entity.  */
+  tree ada_fntype;        /* The corresponding GCC type node.  */
+  tree btin_fntype;       /* The GCC builtin function type node.  */
+} intrin_binding_t;
+
+static bool intrin_profiles_compatible_p (intrin_binding_t *);
+
+/* Given GNAT_ENTITY, a GNAT defining identifier node, which denotes some Ada
+   entity, return the equivalent GCC tree for that entity (a ..._DECL node)
+   and associate the ..._DECL node with the input GNAT defining identifier.
+
+   If GNAT_ENTITY is a variable or a constant declaration, GNU_EXPR gives its
+   initial value (in GCC tree form).  This is optional for a variable.  For
+   a renamed entity, GNU_EXPR gives the object being renamed.
+
+   DEFINITION is nonzero if this call is intended for a definition.  This is
+   used for separate compilation where it is necessary to know whether an
+   external declaration or a definition must be created if the GCC equivalent
+   was not created previously.  The value of 1 is normally used for a nonzero
+   DEFINITION, but a value of 2 is used in special circumstances, defined in
+   the code.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_to_gnu_entity (Entity_Id gnat_entity, tree gnu_expr, int definition)
+{
+  /* Contains the kind of the input GNAT node.  */
+  const Entity_Kind kind = Ekind (gnat_entity);
+  /* True if this is a type.  */
+  const bool is_type = IN (kind, Type_Kind);
+  /* True if debug info is requested for this entity.  */
+  const bool debug_info_p = Needs_Debug_Info (gnat_entity);
+  /* True if this entity is to be considered as imported.  */
+  const bool imported_p
+    = (Is_Imported (gnat_entity) && No (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)));
+  /* For a type, contains the equivalent GNAT node to be used in gigi.  */
+  Entity_Id gnat_equiv_type = Empty;
+  /* Temporary used to walk the GNAT tree.  */
+  Entity_Id gnat_temp;
+  /* Contains the GCC DECL node which is equivalent to the input GNAT node.
+     This node will be associated with the GNAT node by calling at the end
+     of the `switch' statement.  */
+  tree gnu_decl = NULL_TREE;
+  /* Contains the GCC type to be used for the GCC node.  */
+  tree gnu_type = NULL_TREE;
+  /* Contains the GCC size tree to be used for the GCC node.  */
+  tree gnu_size = NULL_TREE;
+  /* Contains the GCC name to be used for the GCC node.  */
+  tree gnu_entity_name;
+  /* True if we have already saved gnu_decl as a GNAT association.  */
+  bool saved = false;
+  /* True if we incremented defer_incomplete_level.  */
+  bool this_deferred = false;
+  /* True if we incremented force_global.  */
+  bool this_global = false;
+  /* True if we should check to see if elaborated during processing.  */
+  bool maybe_present = false;
+  /* True if we made GNU_DECL and its type here.  */
+  bool this_made_decl = false;
+  /* Size and alignment of the GCC node, if meaningful.  */
+  unsigned int esize = 0, align = 0;
+  /* Contains the list of attributes directly attached to the entity.  */
+  struct attrib *attr_list = NULL;
+
+  /* Since a use of an Itype is a definition, process it as such if it
+     is not in a with'ed unit.  */
+  if (!definition
+      && is_type
+      && Is_Itype (gnat_entity)
+      && !present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity)
+      && In_Extended_Main_Code_Unit (gnat_entity))
+    {
+      /* Ensure that we are in a subprogram mentioned in the Scope chain of
+	 this entity, our current scope is global, or we encountered a task
+	 or entry (where we can't currently accurately check scoping).  */
+      if (!current_function_decl
+	  || DECL_ELABORATION_PROC_P (current_function_decl))
+	{
+	  process_type (gnat_entity);
+	  return get_gnu_tree (gnat_entity);
+	}
+
+      for (gnat_temp = Scope (gnat_entity);
+	   Present (gnat_temp);
+	   gnat_temp = Scope (gnat_temp))
+	{
+	  if (Is_Type (gnat_temp))
+	    gnat_temp = Underlying_Type (gnat_temp);
+
+	  if (Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Subprogram_Body)
+	    gnat_temp
+	      = Corresponding_Spec (Parent (Declaration_Node (gnat_temp)));
+
+	  if (IN (Ekind (gnat_temp), Subprogram_Kind)
+	      && Present (Protected_Body_Subprogram (gnat_temp)))
+	    gnat_temp = Protected_Body_Subprogram (gnat_temp);
+
+	  if (Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Entry
+	      || Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Entry_Family
+	      || Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Task_Type
+	      || (IN (Ekind (gnat_temp), Subprogram_Kind)
+		  && present_gnu_tree (gnat_temp)
+		  && (current_function_decl
+		      == gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_temp, NULL_TREE, 0))))
+	    {
+	      process_type (gnat_entity);
+	      return get_gnu_tree (gnat_entity);
+	    }
+	}
+
+      /* This abort means the Itype has an incorrect scope, i.e. that its
+	 scope does not correspond to the subprogram it is declared in.  */
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  /* If we've already processed this entity, return what we got last time.
+     If we are defining the node, we should not have already processed it.
+     In that case, we will abort below when we try to save a new GCC tree
+     for this object.  We also need to handle the case of getting a dummy
+     type when a Full_View exists but be careful so as not to trigger its
+     premature elaboration.  */
+  if ((!definition || (is_type && imported_p))
+      && present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity))
+    {
+      gnu_decl = get_gnu_tree (gnat_entity);
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_decl) == TYPE_DECL
+	  && TYPE_IS_DUMMY_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl))
+	  && IN (kind, Incomplete_Or_Private_Kind)
+	  && Present (Full_View (gnat_entity))
+	  && (present_gnu_tree (Full_View (gnat_entity))
+	      || No (Freeze_Node (Full_View (gnat_entity)))))
+	{
+	  gnu_decl
+	    = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Full_View (gnat_entity), NULL_TREE, 0);
+	  save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, NULL_TREE, false);
+	  save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, gnu_decl, false);
+	}
+
+      return gnu_decl;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is a numeric or enumeral type, or an access type, a nonzero Esize
+     must be specified unless it was specified by the programmer.  Exceptions
+     are for access-to-protected-subprogram types and all access subtypes, as
+     another GNAT type is used to lay out the GCC type for them.  */
+  gcc_assert (!Unknown_Esize (gnat_entity)
+	      || Has_Size_Clause (gnat_entity)
+	      || (!IN (kind, Numeric_Kind)
+		  && !IN (kind, Enumeration_Kind)
+		  && (!IN (kind, Access_Kind)
+		      || kind == E_Access_Protected_Subprogram_Type
+		      || kind == E_Anonymous_Access_Protected_Subprogram_Type
+		      || kind == E_Access_Subtype
+		      || type_annotate_only)));
+
+  /* The RM size must be specified for all discrete and fixed-point types.  */
+  gcc_assert (!(IN (kind, Discrete_Or_Fixed_Point_Kind)
+		&& Unknown_RM_Size (gnat_entity)));
+
+  /* If we get here, it means we have not yet done anything with this entity.
+     If we are not defining it, it must be a type or an entity that is defined
+     elsewhere or externally, otherwise we should have defined it already.  */
+  gcc_assert (definition
+	      || type_annotate_only
+	      || is_type
+	      || kind == E_Discriminant
+	      || kind == E_Component
+	      || kind == E_Label
+	      || (kind == E_Constant && Present (Full_View (gnat_entity)))
+	      || Is_Public (gnat_entity));
+
+  /* Get the name of the entity and set up the line number and filename of
+     the original definition for use in any decl we make.  */
+  gnu_entity_name = get_entity_name (gnat_entity);
+  Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_entity), &input_location);
+
+  /* For cases when we are not defining (i.e., we are referencing from
+     another compilation unit) public entities, show we are at global level
+     for the purpose of computing scopes.  Don't do this for components or
+     discriminants since the relevant test is whether or not the record is
+     being defined.  */
+  if (!definition
+      && kind != E_Component
+      && kind != E_Discriminant
+      && Is_Public (gnat_entity)
+      && !Is_Statically_Allocated (gnat_entity))
+    force_global++, this_global = true;
+
+  /* Handle any attributes directly attached to the entity.  */
+  if (Has_Gigi_Rep_Item (gnat_entity))
+    prepend_attributes (&attr_list, gnat_entity);
+
+  /* Do some common processing for types.  */
+  if (is_type)
+    {
+      /* Compute the equivalent type to be used in gigi.  */
+      gnat_equiv_type = Gigi_Equivalent_Type (gnat_entity);
+
+      /* Machine_Attributes on types are expected to be propagated to
+	 subtypes.  The corresponding Gigi_Rep_Items are only attached
+	 to the first subtype though, so we handle the propagation here.  */
+      if (Base_Type (gnat_entity) != gnat_entity
+	  && !Is_First_Subtype (gnat_entity)
+	  && Has_Gigi_Rep_Item (First_Subtype (Base_Type (gnat_entity))))
+	prepend_attributes (&attr_list,
+			    First_Subtype (Base_Type (gnat_entity)));
+
+      /* Compute a default value for the size of an elementary type.  */
+      if (Known_Esize (gnat_entity) && Is_Elementary_Type (gnat_entity))
+	{
+	  unsigned int max_esize;
+
+	  gcc_assert (UI_Is_In_Int_Range (Esize (gnat_entity)));
+	  esize = UI_To_Int (Esize (gnat_entity));
+
+	  if (IN (kind, Float_Kind))
+	    max_esize = fp_prec_to_size (LONG_DOUBLE_TYPE_SIZE);
+	  else if (IN (kind, Access_Kind))
+	    max_esize = POINTER_SIZE * 2;
+	  else
+	    max_esize = LONG_LONG_TYPE_SIZE;
+
+	  if (esize > max_esize)
+	   esize = max_esize;
+	}
+    }
+
+  switch (kind)
+    {
+    case E_Constant:
+      /* If this is a use of a deferred constant without address clause,
+	 get its full definition.  */
+      if (!definition
+	  && No (Address_Clause (gnat_entity))
+	  && Present (Full_View (gnat_entity)))
+	{
+	  gnu_decl
+	    = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Full_View (gnat_entity), gnu_expr, 0);
+	  saved = true;
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* If we have an external constant that we are not defining, get the
+	 expression that is was defined to represent.  We may throw it away
+	 later if it is not a constant.  But do not retrieve the expression
+	 if it is an allocator because the designated type might be dummy
+	 at this point.  */
+      if (!definition
+	  && !No_Initialization (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity))
+	  && Present (Expression (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity)))
+	  && Nkind (Expression (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity)))
+	     != N_Allocator)
+	{
+	  bool went_into_elab_proc = false;
+	  int save_force_global = force_global;
+
+	  /* The expression may contain N_Expression_With_Actions nodes and
+	     thus object declarations from other units.  In this case, even
+	     though the expression will eventually be discarded since not a
+	     constant, the declarations would be stuck either in the global
+	     varpool or in the current scope.  Therefore we force the local
+	     context and create a fake scope that we'll zap at the end.  */
+	  if (!current_function_decl)
+	    {
+	      current_function_decl = get_elaboration_procedure ();
+	      went_into_elab_proc = true;
+	    }
+	  force_global = 0;
+	  gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+	  gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity)));
+
+	  gnat_zaplevel ();
+	  force_global = save_force_global;
+	  if (went_into_elab_proc)
+	    current_function_decl = NULL_TREE;
+	}
+
+      /* Ignore deferred constant definitions without address clause since
+	 they are processed fully in the front-end.  If No_Initialization
+	 is set, this is not a deferred constant but a constant whose value
+	 is built manually.  And constants that are renamings are handled
+	 like variables.  */
+      if (definition
+	  && !gnu_expr
+	  && No (Address_Clause (gnat_entity))
+	  && !No_Initialization (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity))
+	  && No (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity)))
+	{
+	  gnu_decl = error_mark_node;
+	  saved = true;
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* Ignore constant definitions already marked with the error node.  See
+	 the N_Object_Declaration case of gnat_to_gnu for the rationale.  */
+      if (definition
+	  && gnu_expr
+	  && present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity)
+	  && get_gnu_tree (gnat_entity) == error_mark_node)
+	{
+	  maybe_present = true;
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      goto object;
+
+    case E_Exception:
+      /* We used to special case VMS exceptions here to directly map them to
+	 their associated condition code.  Since this code had to be masked
+	 dynamically to strip off the severity bits, this caused trouble in
+	 the GCC/ZCX case because the "type" pointers we store in the tables
+	 have to be static.  We now don't special case here anymore, and let
+	 the regular processing take place, which leaves us with a regular
+	 exception data object for VMS exceptions too.  The condition code
+	 mapping is taken care of by the front end and the bitmasking by the
+	 run-time library.  */
+      goto object;
+
+    case E_Component:
+    case E_Discriminant:
+      {
+	/* The GNAT record where the component was defined.  */
+	Entity_Id gnat_record = Underlying_Type (Scope (gnat_entity));
+
+	/* If the entity is an inherited component (in the case of extended
+	   tagged record types), just return the original entity, which must
+	   be a FIELD_DECL.  Likewise for discriminants.  If the entity is a
+	   non-girder discriminant (in the case of derived untagged record
+	   types), return the stored discriminant it renames.  */
+	if (Present (Original_Record_Component (gnat_entity))
+	    && Original_Record_Component (gnat_entity) != gnat_entity)
+	  {
+	    gnu_decl
+	      = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Original_Record_Component (gnat_entity),
+				    gnu_expr, definition);
+	    saved = true;
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* If this is a discriminant of an extended tagged type used to rename
+	   a discriminant of the parent type, return the latter.  */
+	else if (Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (gnat_entity)))
+	  {
+	    /* If the derived type is untagged, then this is a non-girder
+	       discriminant and its Original_Record_Component must point to
+	       the stored discriminant it renames (i.e. we should have taken
+	       the previous branch).  */
+	    gcc_assert (Is_Tagged_Type (gnat_record));
+
+	    gnu_decl
+	      = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Corresponding_Discriminant (gnat_entity),
+				    gnu_expr, definition);
+	    saved = true;
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* Otherwise, if we are not defining this and we have no GCC type
+	   for the containing record, make one for it.  Then we should
+	   have made our own equivalent.  */
+	else if (!definition && !present_gnu_tree (gnat_record))
+	  {
+	    /* ??? If this is in a record whose scope is a protected
+	       type and we have an Original_Record_Component, use it.
+	       This is a workaround for major problems in protected type
+	       handling.  */
+	    Entity_Id Scop = Scope (Scope (gnat_entity));
+	    if ((Is_Protected_Type (Scop)
+		 || (Is_Private_Type (Scop)
+		     && Present (Full_View (Scop))
+		     && Is_Protected_Type (Full_View (Scop))))
+		&& Present (Original_Record_Component (gnat_entity)))
+	      {
+		gnu_decl
+		  = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Original_Record_Component
+					(gnat_entity),
+					gnu_expr, 0);
+		saved = true;
+		break;
+	      }
+
+	    gnat_to_gnu_entity (Scope (gnat_entity), NULL_TREE, 0);
+	    gnu_decl = get_gnu_tree (gnat_entity);
+	    saved = true;
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	else
+	  /* Here we have no GCC type and this is a reference rather than a
+	     definition.  This should never happen.  Most likely the cause is
+	     reference before declaration in the GNAT tree for gnat_entity.  */
+	  gcc_unreachable ();
+      }
+
+    case E_Loop_Parameter:
+    case E_Out_Parameter:
+    case E_Variable:
+
+      /* Simple variables, loop variables, Out parameters and exceptions.  */
+    object:
+      {
+	/* Always create a variable for volatile objects and variables seen
+	   constant but with a Linker_Section pragma.  */
+	bool const_flag
+	  = ((kind == E_Constant || kind == E_Variable)
+	     && Is_True_Constant (gnat_entity)
+	     && !(kind == E_Variable
+		  && Present (Linker_Section_Pragma (gnat_entity)))
+	     && !Treat_As_Volatile (gnat_entity)
+	     && (((Nkind (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity))
+		   == N_Object_Declaration)
+		  && Present (Expression (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity))))
+		 || Present (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity))
+		 || imported_p));
+	bool inner_const_flag = const_flag;
+	bool static_p = Is_Statically_Allocated (gnat_entity);
+	bool mutable_p = false;
+	bool used_by_ref = false;
+	tree gnu_ext_name = NULL_TREE;
+	tree renamed_obj = NULL_TREE;
+	tree gnu_object_size;
+
+	if (Present (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity)) && !definition)
+	  {
+	    if (kind == E_Exception)
+	      gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Renamed_Entity (gnat_entity),
+					     NULL_TREE, 0);
+	    else
+	      gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity));
+	  }
+
+	/* Get the type after elaborating the renamed object.  */
+	gnu_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_entity));
+
+	/* If this is a standard exception definition, then use the standard
+	   exception type.  This is necessary to make sure that imported and
+	   exported views of exceptions are properly merged in LTO mode.  */
+	if (TREE_CODE (TYPE_NAME (gnu_type)) == TYPE_DECL
+	    && DECL_NAME (TYPE_NAME (gnu_type)) == exception_data_name_id)
+	  gnu_type = except_type_node;
+
+	/* For a debug renaming declaration, build a debug-only entity.  */
+	if (Present (Debug_Renaming_Link (gnat_entity)))
+	  {
+	    /* Force a non-null value to make sure the symbol is retained.  */
+	    tree value = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, gnu_type,
+				 build1 (NOP_EXPR,
+					 build_pointer_type (gnu_type),
+					 integer_minus_one_node));
+	    gnu_decl = build_decl (input_location,
+				   VAR_DECL, gnu_entity_name, gnu_type);
+	    SET_DECL_VALUE_EXPR (gnu_decl, value);
+	    DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P (gnu_decl) = 1;
+	    gnat_pushdecl (gnu_decl, gnat_entity);
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* If this is a loop variable, its type should be the base type.
+	   This is because the code for processing a loop determines whether
+	   a normal loop end test can be done by comparing the bounds of the
+	   loop against those of the base type, which is presumed to be the
+	   size used for computation.  But this is not correct when the size
+	   of the subtype is smaller than the type.  */
+	if (kind == E_Loop_Parameter)
+	  gnu_type = get_base_type (gnu_type);
+
+	/* Reject non-renamed objects whose type is an unconstrained array or
+	   any object whose type is a dummy type or void.  */
+	if ((TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE
+	     && No (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity)))
+	    || TYPE_IS_DUMMY_P (gnu_type)
+	    || TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == VOID_TYPE)
+	  {
+	    gcc_assert (type_annotate_only);
+	    if (this_global)
+	      force_global--;
+	    return error_mark_node;
+	  }
+
+	/* If an alignment is specified, use it if valid.  Note that exceptions
+	   are objects but don't have an alignment.  We must do this before we
+	   validate the size, since the alignment can affect the size.  */
+	if (kind != E_Exception && Known_Alignment (gnat_entity))
+	  {
+	    gcc_assert (Present (Alignment (gnat_entity)));
+
+	    align = validate_alignment (Alignment (gnat_entity), gnat_entity,
+					TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type));
+
+	    /* No point in changing the type if there is an address clause
+	       as the final type of the object will be a reference type.  */
+	    if (Present (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	      align = 0;
+	    else
+	      {
+		tree orig_type = gnu_type;
+
+		gnu_type
+		  = maybe_pad_type (gnu_type, NULL_TREE, align, gnat_entity,
+				    false, false, definition, true);
+
+		/* If a padding record was made, declare it now since it will
+		   never be declared otherwise.  This is necessary to ensure
+		   that its subtrees are properly marked.  */
+		if (gnu_type != orig_type && !DECL_P (TYPE_NAME (gnu_type)))
+		  create_type_decl (TYPE_NAME (gnu_type), gnu_type, true,
+				    debug_info_p, gnat_entity);
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	/* If we are defining the object, see if it has a Size and validate it
+	   if so.  If we are not defining the object and a Size clause applies,
+	   simply retrieve the value.  We don't want to ignore the clause and
+	   it is expected to have been validated already.  Then get the new
+	   type, if any.  */
+	if (definition)
+	  gnu_size = validate_size (Esize (gnat_entity), gnu_type,
+				    gnat_entity, VAR_DECL, false,
+				    Has_Size_Clause (gnat_entity));
+	else if (Has_Size_Clause (gnat_entity))
+	  gnu_size = UI_To_gnu (Esize (gnat_entity), bitsizetype);
+
+	if (gnu_size)
+	  {
+	    gnu_type
+	      = make_type_from_size (gnu_type, gnu_size,
+				     Has_Biased_Representation (gnat_entity));
+
+	    if (operand_equal_p (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type), gnu_size, 0))
+	      gnu_size = NULL_TREE;
+	  }
+
+	/* If this object has self-referential size, it must be a record with
+	   a default discriminant.  We are supposed to allocate an object of
+	   the maximum size in this case, unless it is a constant with an
+	   initializing expression, in which case we can get the size from
+	   that.  Note that the resulting size may still be a variable, so
+	   this may end up with an indirect allocation.  */
+	if (No (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity))
+	    && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)))
+	  {
+	    if (gnu_expr && kind == E_Constant)
+	      {
+		tree size = TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr));
+		if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (size))
+		  {
+		    /* If the initializing expression is itself a constant,
+		       despite having a nominal type with self-referential
+		       size, we can get the size directly from it.  */
+		    if (TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == COMPONENT_REF
+			&& TYPE_IS_PADDING_P
+			   (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0)))
+			&& TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0)) == VAR_DECL
+			&& (TREE_READONLY (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0))
+			    || DECL_READONLY_ONCE_ELAB
+			       (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0))))
+		      gnu_size = DECL_SIZE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0));
+		    else
+		      gnu_size
+			= SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (size, gnu_expr);
+		  }
+		else
+		  gnu_size = size;
+	      }
+	    /* We may have no GNU_EXPR because No_Initialization is
+	       set even though there's an Expression.  */
+	    else if (kind == E_Constant
+		     && (Nkind (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity))
+			 == N_Object_Declaration)
+		     && Present (Expression (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity))))
+	      gnu_size
+		= TYPE_SIZE (gnat_to_gnu_type
+			     (Etype
+			      (Expression (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity)))));
+	    else
+	      {
+		gnu_size = max_size (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type), true);
+		mutable_p = true;
+	      }
+
+	    /* If we are at global level and the size isn't constant, call
+	       elaborate_expression_1 to make a variable for it rather than
+	       calculating it each time.  */
+	    if (global_bindings_p () && !TREE_CONSTANT (gnu_size))
+	      gnu_size = elaborate_expression_1 (gnu_size, gnat_entity,
+						 get_identifier ("SIZE"),
+						 definition, false);
+	  }
+
+	/* If the size is zero byte, make it one byte since some linkers have
+	   troubles with zero-sized objects.  If the object will have a
+	   template, that will make it nonzero so don't bother.  Also avoid
+	   doing that for an object renaming or an object with an address
+	   clause, as we would lose useful information on the view size
+	   (e.g. for null array slices) and we are not allocating the object
+	   here anyway.  */
+	if (((gnu_size
+	      && integer_zerop (gnu_size)
+	      && !TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_size))
+	     || (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)
+		 && integer_zerop (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type))
+		 && !TREE_OVERFLOW (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type))))
+	    && !Is_Constr_Subt_For_UN_Aliased (Etype (gnat_entity))
+	    && No (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity))
+	    && No (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	  gnu_size = bitsize_unit_node;
+
+	/* If this is an object with no specified size and alignment, and
+	   if either it is atomic or we are not optimizing alignment for
+	   space and it is composite and not an exception, an Out parameter
+	   or a reference to another object, and the size of its type is a
+	   constant, set the alignment to the smallest one which is not
+	   smaller than the size, with an appropriate cap.  */
+	if (!gnu_size && align == 0
+	    && (Is_Atomic (gnat_entity)
+		|| (!Optimize_Alignment_Space (gnat_entity)
+		    && kind != E_Exception
+		    && kind != E_Out_Parameter
+		    && Is_Composite_Type (Etype (gnat_entity))
+		    && !Is_Constr_Subt_For_UN_Aliased (Etype (gnat_entity))
+		    && !Is_Exported (gnat_entity)
+		    && !imported_p
+		    && No (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity))
+		    && No (Address_Clause (gnat_entity))))
+	    && TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)) == INTEGER_CST)
+	  {
+	    unsigned int size_cap, align_cap;
+
+	    /* No point in promoting the alignment if this doesn't prevent
+	       BLKmode access to the object, in particular block copy, as
+	       this will for example disable the NRV optimization for it.
+	       No point in jumping through all the hoops needed in order
+	       to support BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT if we don't really have to.
+	       So we cap to the smallest alignment that corresponds to
+	       a known efficient memory access pattern of the target.  */
+	    if (Is_Atomic (gnat_entity))
+	      {
+		size_cap = UINT_MAX;
+		align_cap = BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT;
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		size_cap = MAX_FIXED_MODE_SIZE;
+		align_cap = get_mode_alignment (ptr_mode);
+	      }
+
+	    if (!tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type))
+		|| compare_tree_int (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type), size_cap) > 0)
+	      align = 0;
+	    else if (compare_tree_int (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type), align_cap) > 0)
+	      align = align_cap;
+	    else
+	      align = ceil_pow2 (tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)));
+
+	    /* But make sure not to under-align the object.  */
+	    if (align <= TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type))
+	      align = 0;
+
+	    /* And honor the minimum valid atomic alignment, if any.  */
+#ifdef MINIMUM_ATOMIC_ALIGNMENT
+	    else if (align < MINIMUM_ATOMIC_ALIGNMENT)
+	      align = MINIMUM_ATOMIC_ALIGNMENT;
+#endif
+	  }
+
+	/* If the object is set to have atomic components, find the component
+	   type and validate it.
+
+	   ??? Note that we ignore Has_Volatile_Components on objects; it's
+	   not at all clear what to do in that case.  */
+	if (Has_Atomic_Components (gnat_entity))
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_inner = (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+			      ? TREE_TYPE (gnu_type) : gnu_type);
+
+	    while (TREE_CODE (gnu_inner) == ARRAY_TYPE
+		   && TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (gnu_inner))
+	      gnu_inner = TREE_TYPE (gnu_inner);
+
+	    check_ok_for_atomic (gnu_inner, gnat_entity, true);
+	  }
+
+	/* Now check if the type of the object allows atomic access.  Note
+	   that we must test the type, even if this object has size and
+	   alignment to allow such access, because we will be going inside
+	   the padded record to assign to the object.  We could fix this by
+	   always copying via an intermediate value, but it's not clear it's
+	   worth the effort.  */
+	if (Is_Atomic (gnat_entity))
+	  check_ok_for_atomic (gnu_type, gnat_entity, false);
+
+	/* If this is an aliased object with an unconstrained nominal subtype,
+	   make a type that includes the template.  */
+	if (Is_Constr_Subt_For_UN_Aliased (Etype (gnat_entity))
+	    && (Is_Array_Type (Etype (gnat_entity))
+		|| (Is_Private_Type (Etype (gnat_entity))
+		    && Is_Array_Type (Full_View (Etype (gnat_entity)))))
+	    && !type_annotate_only)
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_array
+	      = gnat_to_gnu_type (Base_Type (Etype (gnat_entity)));
+	    gnu_type
+	      = build_unc_object_type_from_ptr (TREE_TYPE (gnu_array),
+						gnu_type,
+						concat_name (gnu_entity_name,
+							     "UNC"),
+						debug_info_p);
+	  }
+
+	/* ??? If this is an object of CW type initialized to a value, try to
+	   ensure that the object is sufficient aligned for this value, but
+	   without pessimizing the allocation.  This is a kludge necessary
+	   because we don't support dynamic alignment.  */
+	if (align == 0
+	    && Ekind (Etype (gnat_entity)) == E_Class_Wide_Subtype
+	    && No (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity))
+	    && No (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	  align = get_target_system_allocator_alignment () * BITS_PER_UNIT;
+
+#ifdef MINIMUM_ATOMIC_ALIGNMENT
+	/* If the size is a constant and no alignment is specified, force
+	   the alignment to be the minimum valid atomic alignment.  The
+	   restriction on constant size avoids problems with variable-size
+	   temporaries; if the size is variable, there's no issue with
+	   atomic access.  Also don't do this for a constant, since it isn't
+	   necessary and can interfere with constant replacement.  Finally,
+	   do not do it for Out parameters since that creates an
+	   size inconsistency with In parameters.  */
+	if (align == 0
+	    && MINIMUM_ATOMIC_ALIGNMENT > TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type)
+	    && !FLOAT_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+	    && !const_flag && No (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity))
+	    && !imported_p && No (Address_Clause (gnat_entity))
+	    && kind != E_Out_Parameter
+	    && (gnu_size ? TREE_CODE (gnu_size) == INTEGER_CST
+		: TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)) == INTEGER_CST))
+	  align = MINIMUM_ATOMIC_ALIGNMENT;
+#endif
+
+	/* Make a new type with the desired size and alignment, if needed.
+	   But do not take into account alignment promotions to compute the
+	   size of the object.  */
+	gnu_object_size = gnu_size ? gnu_size : TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type);
+	if (gnu_size || align > 0)
+	  {
+	    tree orig_type = gnu_type;
+
+	    gnu_type = maybe_pad_type (gnu_type, gnu_size, align, gnat_entity,
+				       false, false, definition, true);
+
+	    /* If a padding record was made, declare it now since it will
+	       never be declared otherwise.  This is necessary to ensure
+	       that its subtrees are properly marked.  */
+	    if (gnu_type != orig_type && !DECL_P (TYPE_NAME (gnu_type)))
+	      create_type_decl (TYPE_NAME (gnu_type), gnu_type, true,
+				debug_info_p, gnat_entity);
+	  }
+
+	/* If this is a renaming, avoid as much as possible to create a new
+	   object.  However, in several cases, creating it is required.
+	   This processing needs to be applied to the raw expression so
+	   as to make it more likely to rename the underlying object.  */
+	if (Present (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity)))
+	  {
+	    bool create_normal_object = false;
+
+	    /* If the renamed object had padding, strip off the reference
+	       to the inner object and reset our type.  */
+	    if ((TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == COMPONENT_REF
+		 && TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0))))
+		/* Strip useless conversions around the object.  */
+		|| gnat_useless_type_conversion (gnu_expr))
+	      {
+		gnu_expr = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0);
+		gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr);
+	      }
+
+	    /* Or else, if the renamed object has an unconstrained type with
+	       default discriminant, use the padded type.  */
+	    else if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr))
+		     && TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr)))
+			== gnu_type
+		     && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)))
+	      gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr);
+
+	    /* Case 1: If this is a constant renaming stemming from a function
+	       call, treat it as a normal object whose initial value is what
+	       is being renamed.  RM 3.3 says that the result of evaluating a
+	       function call is a constant object.  As a consequence, it can
+	       be the inner object of a constant renaming.  In this case, the
+	       renaming must be fully instantiated, i.e. it cannot be a mere
+	       reference to (part of) an existing object.  */
+	    if (const_flag)
+	      {
+	        tree inner_object = gnu_expr;
+		while (handled_component_p (inner_object))
+		  inner_object = TREE_OPERAND (inner_object, 0);
+		if (TREE_CODE (inner_object) == CALL_EXPR)
+		  create_normal_object = true;
+	      }
+
+	    /* Otherwise, see if we can proceed with a stabilized version of
+	       the renamed entity or if we need to make a new object.  */
+	    if (!create_normal_object)
+	      {
+		tree maybe_stable_expr = NULL_TREE;
+		bool stable = false;
+
+		/* Case 2: If the renaming entity need not be materialized and
+		   the renamed expression is something we can stabilize, use
+		   that for the renaming.  At the global level, we can only do
+		   this if we know no SAVE_EXPRs need be made, because the
+		   expression we return might be used in arbitrary conditional
+		   branches so we must force the evaluation of the SAVE_EXPRs
+		   immediately and this requires a proper function context.
+		   Note that an external constant is at the global level.  */
+		if (!Materialize_Entity (gnat_entity)
+		    && (!((!definition && kind == E_Constant)
+			  || global_bindings_p ())
+			|| (staticp (gnu_expr)
+			    && !TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_expr))))
+		  {
+		    maybe_stable_expr
+		      = gnat_stabilize_reference (gnu_expr, true, &stable);
+
+		    if (stable)
+		      {
+			/* ??? No DECL_EXPR is created so we need to mark
+			   the expression manually lest it is shared.  */
+			if ((!definition && kind == E_Constant)
+			    || global_bindings_p ())
+			  MARK_VISITED (maybe_stable_expr);
+			gnu_decl = maybe_stable_expr;
+			save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, gnu_decl, true);
+			saved = true;
+			annotate_object (gnat_entity, gnu_type, NULL_TREE,
+					 false);
+			/* This assertion will fail if the renamed object
+			   isn't aligned enough as to make it possible to
+			   honor the alignment set on the renaming.  */
+			if (align)
+			  {
+			    unsigned int renamed_align
+			      = DECL_P (gnu_decl)
+				? DECL_ALIGN (gnu_decl)
+				: TYPE_ALIGN (TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl));
+			    gcc_assert (renamed_align >= align);
+			  }
+			break;
+		      }
+
+		    /* The stabilization failed.  Keep maybe_stable_expr
+		       untouched here to let the pointer case below know
+		       about that failure.  */
+		  }
+
+		/* Case 3: If this is a constant renaming and creating a
+		   new object is allowed and cheap, treat it as a normal
+		   object whose initial value is what is being renamed.  */
+		if (const_flag
+		    && !Is_Composite_Type
+		        (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_entity))))
+		  ;
+
+		/* Case 4: Make this into a constant pointer to the object we
+		   are to rename and attach the object to the pointer if it is
+		   something we can stabilize.
+
+		   From the proper scope, attached objects will be referenced
+		   directly instead of indirectly via the pointer to avoid
+		   subtle aliasing problems with non-addressable entities.
+		   They have to be stable because we must not evaluate the
+		   variables in the expression every time the renaming is used.
+		   The pointer is called a "renaming" pointer in this case.
+
+		   In the rare cases where we cannot stabilize the renamed
+		   object, we just make a "bare" pointer, and the renamed
+		   entity is always accessed indirectly through it.  */
+		else
+		  {
+		    /* We need to preserve the volatileness of the renamed
+		       object through the indirection.  */
+		    if (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (gnu_expr)
+			&& !TYPE_VOLATILE (gnu_type))
+		      gnu_type
+			= build_qualified_type (gnu_type,
+						(TYPE_QUALS (gnu_type)
+						 | TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE));
+		    gnu_type = build_reference_type (gnu_type);
+		    inner_const_flag = TREE_READONLY (gnu_expr);
+		    const_flag = true;
+
+		    /* If the previous attempt at stabilizing failed, there
+		       is no point in trying again and we reuse the result
+		       without attaching it to the pointer.  In this case it
+		       will only be used as the initializing expression of
+		       the pointer and thus needs no special treatment with
+		       regard to multiple evaluations.  */
+		    if (maybe_stable_expr)
+		      ;
+
+		    /* Otherwise, try to stabilize and attach the expression
+		       to the pointer if the stabilization succeeds.
+
+		       Note that this might introduce SAVE_EXPRs and we don't
+		       check whether we're at the global level or not.  This
+		       is fine since we are building a pointer initializer and
+		       neither the pointer nor the initializing expression can
+		       be accessed before the pointer elaboration has taken
+		       place in a correct program.
+
+		       These SAVE_EXPRs will be evaluated at the right place
+		       by either the evaluation of the initializer for the
+		       non-global case or the elaboration code for the global
+		       case, and will be attached to the elaboration procedure
+		       in the latter case.  */
+		    else
+	 	     {
+			maybe_stable_expr
+			  = gnat_stabilize_reference (gnu_expr, true, &stable);
+
+			if (stable)
+			  renamed_obj = maybe_stable_expr;
+
+			/* Attaching is actually performed downstream, as soon
+			   as we have a VAR_DECL for the pointer we make.  */
+		      }
+
+		    if (type_annotate_only
+ 			&& TREE_CODE (maybe_stable_expr) == ERROR_MARK)
+		      gnu_expr = NULL_TREE;
+		    else
+		      gnu_expr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, gnu_type,
+						 maybe_stable_expr);
+
+		    gnu_size = NULL_TREE;
+		    used_by_ref = true;
+		  }
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	/* Make a volatile version of this object's type if we are to make
+	   the object volatile.  We also interpret 13.3(19) conservatively
+	   and disallow any optimizations for such a non-constant object.  */
+	if ((Treat_As_Volatile (gnat_entity)
+	     || (!const_flag
+		 && gnu_type != except_type_node
+		 && (Is_Exported (gnat_entity)
+		     || imported_p
+		     || Present (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)))))
+	    && !TYPE_VOLATILE (gnu_type))
+	  gnu_type = build_qualified_type (gnu_type,
+					   (TYPE_QUALS (gnu_type)
+					    | TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE));
+
+	/* If we are defining an aliased object whose nominal subtype is
+	   unconstrained, the object is a record that contains both the
+	   template and the object.  If there is an initializer, it will
+	   have already been converted to the right type, but we need to
+	   create the template if there is no initializer.  */
+	if (definition
+	    && !gnu_expr
+	    && TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	    && (TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (gnu_type)
+	        /* Beware that padding might have been introduced above.  */
+		|| (TYPE_PADDING_P (gnu_type)
+		    && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)))
+		       == RECORD_TYPE
+		    && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P
+		       (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type))))))
+	  {
+	    tree template_field
+	      = TYPE_PADDING_P (gnu_type)
+		? TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)))
+		: TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type);
+	    vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+	    vec_alloc (v, 1);
+	    tree t = build_template (TREE_TYPE (template_field),
+				     TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (template_field)),
+				     NULL_TREE);
+	    CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, template_field, t);
+	    gnu_expr = gnat_build_constructor (gnu_type, v);
+	  }
+
+	/* Convert the expression to the type of the object except in the
+	   case where the object's type is unconstrained or the object's type
+	   is a padded record whose field is of self-referential size.  In
+	   the former case, converting will generate unnecessary evaluations
+	   of the CONSTRUCTOR to compute the size and in the latter case, we
+	   want to only copy the actual data.  Also don't convert to a record
+	   type with a variant part from a record type without one, to keep
+	   the object simpler.  */
+	if (gnu_expr
+	    && TREE_CODE (gnu_type) != UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE
+	    && !CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type))
+	    && !(TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_type)
+		 && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P
+		    (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)))))
+	    && !(TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+		 && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr)) == RECORD_TYPE
+		 && get_variant_part (gnu_type) != NULL_TREE
+		 && get_variant_part (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr)) == NULL_TREE))
+	  gnu_expr = convert (gnu_type, gnu_expr);
+
+	/* If this is a pointer that doesn't have an initializing expression,
+	   initialize it to NULL, unless the object is imported.  */
+	if (definition
+	    && (POINTER_TYPE_P (gnu_type) || TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_type))
+	    && !gnu_expr
+	    && !Is_Imported (gnat_entity))
+	  gnu_expr = integer_zero_node;
+
+	/* If we are defining the object and it has an Address clause, we must
+	   either get the address expression from the saved GCC tree for the
+	   object if it has a Freeze node, or elaborate the address expression
+	   here since the front-end has guaranteed that the elaboration has no
+	   effects in this case.  */
+	if (definition && Present (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	  {
+	    Node_Id gnat_expr = Expression (Address_Clause (gnat_entity));
+	    tree gnu_address
+	      = present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity)
+		? get_gnu_tree (gnat_entity) : gnat_to_gnu (gnat_expr);
+
+	    save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, NULL_TREE, false);
+
+	    /* Ignore the size.  It's either meaningless or was handled
+	       above.  */
+	    gnu_size = NULL_TREE;
+	    /* Convert the type of the object to a reference type that can
+	       alias everything as per 13.3(19).  */
+	    gnu_type
+	      = build_reference_type_for_mode (gnu_type, ptr_mode, true);
+	    gnu_address = convert (gnu_type, gnu_address);
+	    used_by_ref = true;
+	    const_flag
+	      = !Is_Public (gnat_entity)
+		|| compile_time_known_address_p (gnat_expr);
+
+	    /* If this is a deferred constant, the initializer is attached to
+	       the full view.  */
+	    if (kind == E_Constant && Present (Full_View (gnat_entity)))
+	      gnu_expr
+		= gnat_to_gnu
+		    (Expression (Declaration_Node (Full_View (gnat_entity))));
+
+	    /* If we don't have an initializing expression for the underlying
+	       variable, the initializing expression for the pointer is the
+	       specified address.  Otherwise, we have to make a COMPOUND_EXPR
+	       to assign both the address and the initial value.  */
+	    if (!gnu_expr)
+	      gnu_expr = gnu_address;
+	    else
+	      gnu_expr
+		= build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, gnu_type,
+			  build_binary_op
+			  (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+			   build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+					   gnu_address),
+			   gnu_expr),
+			  gnu_address);
+	  }
+
+	/* If it has an address clause and we are not defining it, mark it
+	   as an indirect object.  Likewise for Stdcall objects that are
+	   imported.  */
+	if ((!definition && Present (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	    || (Is_Imported (gnat_entity)
+		&& Has_Stdcall_Convention (gnat_entity)))
+	  {
+	    /* Convert the type of the object to a reference type that can
+	       alias everything as per 13.3(19).  */
+	    gnu_type
+	      = build_reference_type_for_mode (gnu_type, ptr_mode, true);
+	    gnu_size = NULL_TREE;
+
+	    /* No point in taking the address of an initializing expression
+	       that isn't going to be used.  */
+	    gnu_expr = NULL_TREE;
+
+	    /* If it has an address clause whose value is known at compile
+	       time, make the object a CONST_DECL.  This will avoid a
+	       useless dereference.  */
+	    if (Present (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	      {
+		Node_Id gnat_address
+		  = Expression (Address_Clause (gnat_entity));
+
+		if (compile_time_known_address_p (gnat_address))
+		  {
+		    gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_address);
+		    const_flag = true;
+		  }
+	      }
+
+	    used_by_ref = true;
+	  }
+
+	/* If we are at top level and this object is of variable size,
+	   make the actual type a hidden pointer to the real type and
+	   make the initializer be a memory allocation and initialization.
+	   Likewise for objects we aren't defining (presumed to be
+	   external references from other packages), but there we do
+	   not set up an initialization.
+
+	   If the object's size overflows, make an allocator too, so that
+	   Storage_Error gets raised.  Note that we will never free
+	   such memory, so we presume it never will get allocated.  */
+	if (!allocatable_size_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type),
+				 global_bindings_p ()
+				 || !definition
+				 || static_p)
+	    || (gnu_size
+		&& !allocatable_size_p (convert (sizetype,
+						 size_binop
+						 (CEIL_DIV_EXPR, gnu_size,
+						  bitsize_unit_node)),
+					global_bindings_p ()
+					|| !definition
+					|| static_p)))
+	  {
+	    gnu_type = build_reference_type (gnu_type);
+	    gnu_size = NULL_TREE;
+	    used_by_ref = true;
+
+	    /* In case this was a aliased object whose nominal subtype is
+	       unconstrained, the pointer above will be a thin pointer and
+	       build_allocator will automatically make the template.
+
+	       If we have a template initializer only (that we made above),
+	       pretend there is none and rely on what build_allocator creates
+	       again anyway.  Otherwise (if we have a full initializer), get
+	       the data part and feed that to build_allocator.
+
+	       If we are elaborating a mutable object, tell build_allocator to
+	       ignore a possibly simpler size from the initializer, if any, as
+	       we must allocate the maximum possible size in this case.  */
+	    if (definition && !imported_p)
+	      {
+		tree gnu_alloc_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_type);
+
+		if (TREE_CODE (gnu_alloc_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+		    && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (gnu_alloc_type))
+		  {
+		    gnu_alloc_type
+		      = TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_alloc_type)));
+
+		    if (TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == CONSTRUCTOR
+			&& 1 == vec_safe_length (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (gnu_expr)))
+		      gnu_expr = 0;
+		    else
+		      gnu_expr
+			= build_component_ref
+			    (gnu_expr, NULL_TREE,
+			     DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr))),
+			     false);
+		  }
+
+		if (TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_alloc_type)) == INTEGER_CST
+		    && !valid_constant_size_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_alloc_type)))
+		  post_error ("?`Storage_Error` will be raised at run time!",
+			      gnat_entity);
+
+		gnu_expr
+		  = build_allocator (gnu_alloc_type, gnu_expr, gnu_type,
+				     Empty, Empty, gnat_entity, mutable_p);
+		const_flag = true;
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		gnu_expr = NULL_TREE;
+		const_flag = false;
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	/* If this object would go into the stack and has an alignment larger
+	   than the largest stack alignment the back-end can honor, resort to
+	   a variable of "aligning type".  */
+	if (!global_bindings_p () && !static_p && definition
+	    && !imported_p && TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type) > BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT)
+	  {
+	    /* Create the new variable.  No need for extra room before the
+	       aligned field as this is in automatic storage.  */
+	    tree gnu_new_type
+	      = make_aligning_type (gnu_type, TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type),
+				    TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type),
+				    BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT, 0, gnat_entity);
+	    tree gnu_new_var
+	      = create_var_decl (create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "ALIGN"),
+				 NULL_TREE, gnu_new_type, NULL_TREE, false,
+				 false, false, false, NULL, gnat_entity);
+
+	    /* Initialize the aligned field if we have an initializer.  */
+	    if (gnu_expr)
+	      add_stmt_with_node
+		(build_binary_op (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+				  build_component_ref
+				  (gnu_new_var, NULL_TREE,
+				   TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_new_type), false),
+				  gnu_expr),
+		 gnat_entity);
+
+	    /* And setup this entity as a reference to the aligned field.  */
+	    gnu_type = build_reference_type (gnu_type);
+	    gnu_expr
+	      = build_unary_op
+		(ADDR_EXPR, gnu_type,
+		 build_component_ref (gnu_new_var, NULL_TREE,
+				      TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_new_type), false));
+
+	    gnu_size = NULL_TREE;
+	    used_by_ref = true;
+	    const_flag = true;
+	  }
+
+	/* If this is an aliased object with an unconstrained nominal subtype,
+	   we make its type a thin reference, i.e. the reference counterpart
+	   of a thin pointer, so that it points to the array part.  This is
+	   aimed at making it easier for the debugger to decode the object.
+	   Note that we have to do that this late because of the couple of
+	   allocation adjustments that might be made just above.  */
+	if (Is_Constr_Subt_For_UN_Aliased (Etype (gnat_entity))
+	    && (Is_Array_Type (Etype (gnat_entity))
+		|| (Is_Private_Type (Etype (gnat_entity))
+		    && Is_Array_Type (Full_View (Etype (gnat_entity)))))
+	    && !type_annotate_only)
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_array
+	      = gnat_to_gnu_type (Base_Type (Etype (gnat_entity)));
+
+	    /* In case the object with the template has already been allocated
+	       just above, we have nothing to do here.  */
+	    if (!TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (gnu_type))
+	      {
+		tree gnu_unc_var
+		   = create_var_decl (concat_name (gnu_entity_name, "UNC"),
+				      NULL_TREE, gnu_type, gnu_expr,
+				      const_flag, Is_Public (gnat_entity),
+				      imported_p || !definition, static_p,
+				      NULL, gnat_entity);
+		gnu_expr
+		  = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_unc_var);
+		TREE_CONSTANT (gnu_expr) = 1;
+
+		gnu_size = NULL_TREE;
+		used_by_ref = true;
+		const_flag = true;
+	      }
+
+	    gnu_type
+	      = build_reference_type (TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE (gnu_array));
+	  }
+
+	if (const_flag)
+	  gnu_type = build_qualified_type (gnu_type, (TYPE_QUALS (gnu_type)
+						      | TYPE_QUAL_CONST));
+
+	/* Convert the expression to the type of the object except in the
+	   case where the object's type is unconstrained or the object's type
+	   is a padded record whose field is of self-referential size.  In
+	   the former case, converting will generate unnecessary evaluations
+	   of the CONSTRUCTOR to compute the size and in the latter case, we
+	   want to only copy the actual data.  Also don't convert to a record
+	   type with a variant part from a record type without one, to keep
+	   the object simpler.  */
+	if (gnu_expr
+	    && TREE_CODE (gnu_type) != UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE
+	    && !CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type))
+	    && !(TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_type)
+		 && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P
+		    (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)))))
+	    && !(TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+		 && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr)) == RECORD_TYPE
+		 && get_variant_part (gnu_type) != NULL_TREE
+		 && get_variant_part (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr)) == NULL_TREE))
+	  gnu_expr = convert (gnu_type, gnu_expr);
+
+	/* If this name is external or there was a name specified, use it,
+	   unless this is a VMS exception object since this would conflict
+	   with the symbol we need to export in addition.  Don't use the
+	   Interface_Name if there is an address clause (see CD30005).  */
+	if (!Is_VMS_Exception (gnat_entity)
+	    && ((Present (Interface_Name (gnat_entity))
+		 && No (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+		|| (Is_Public (gnat_entity)
+		    && (!Is_Imported (gnat_entity)
+			|| Is_Exported (gnat_entity)))))
+	  gnu_ext_name = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, NULL);
+
+	/* If this is an aggregate constant initialized to a constant, force it
+	   to be statically allocated.  This saves an initialization copy.  */
+	if (!static_p
+	    && const_flag
+	    && gnu_expr && TREE_CONSTANT (gnu_expr)
+	    && AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+	    && tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type))
+	    && !(TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_type)
+		 && !tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT
+				       (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type))))))
+	  static_p = true;
+
+	/* Deal with a pragma Linker_Section on a constant or variable.  */
+	if ((kind == E_Constant || kind == E_Variable)
+	    && Present (Linker_Section_Pragma (gnat_entity)))
+	  prepend_one_attribute_pragma (&attr_list,
+					Linker_Section_Pragma (gnat_entity));
+
+	/* Now create the variable or the constant and set various flags.  */
+	gnu_decl
+	  = create_var_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_ext_name, gnu_type,
+			     gnu_expr, const_flag, Is_Public (gnat_entity),
+			     imported_p || !definition, static_p, attr_list,
+			     gnat_entity);
+	DECL_BY_REF_P (gnu_decl) = used_by_ref;
+	DECL_POINTS_TO_READONLY_P (gnu_decl) = used_by_ref && inner_const_flag;
+	DECL_CAN_NEVER_BE_NULL_P (gnu_decl) = Can_Never_Be_Null (gnat_entity);
+
+	/* If we are defining an Out parameter and optimization isn't enabled,
+	   create a fake PARM_DECL for debugging purposes and make it point to
+	   the VAR_DECL.  Suppress debug info for the latter but make sure it
+	   will live in memory so that it can be accessed from within the
+	   debugger through the PARM_DECL.  */
+	if (kind == E_Out_Parameter
+	    && definition
+	    && debug_info_p
+	    && !optimize
+	    && !flag_generate_lto)
+	  {
+	    tree param = create_param_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_type, false);
+	    gnat_pushdecl (param, gnat_entity);
+	    SET_DECL_VALUE_EXPR (param, gnu_decl);
+	    DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P (param) = 1;
+	    DECL_IGNORED_P (gnu_decl) = 1;
+	    TREE_ADDRESSABLE (gnu_decl) = 1;
+	  }
+
+	/* If this is a loop parameter, set the corresponding flag.  */
+	else if (kind == E_Loop_Parameter)
+	  DECL_LOOP_PARM_P (gnu_decl) = 1;
+
+	/* If this is a renaming pointer, attach the renamed object to it and
+	   register it if we are at the global level.  Note that an external
+	   constant is at the global level.  */
+	if (TREE_CODE (gnu_decl) == VAR_DECL && renamed_obj)
+	  {
+	    SET_DECL_RENAMED_OBJECT (gnu_decl, renamed_obj);
+	    if ((!definition && kind == E_Constant) || global_bindings_p ())
+	      {
+		DECL_RENAMING_GLOBAL_P (gnu_decl) = 1;
+		record_global_renaming_pointer (gnu_decl);
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	/* If this is a constant and we are defining it or it generates a real
+	   symbol at the object level and we are referencing it, we may want
+	   or need to have a true variable to represent it:
+	     - if optimization isn't enabled, for debugging purposes,
+	     - if the constant is public and not overlaid on something else,
+	     - if its address is taken,
+	     - if either itself or its type is aliased.  */
+	if (TREE_CODE (gnu_decl) == CONST_DECL
+	    && (definition || Sloc (gnat_entity) > Standard_Location)
+	    && ((!optimize && debug_info_p)
+		|| (Is_Public (gnat_entity)
+		    && No (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+		|| Address_Taken (gnat_entity)
+		|| Is_Aliased (gnat_entity)
+		|| Is_Aliased (Etype (gnat_entity))))
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_corr_var
+	      = create_true_var_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_ext_name, gnu_type,
+				      gnu_expr, true, Is_Public (gnat_entity),
+				      !definition, static_p, attr_list,
+				      gnat_entity);
+
+	    SET_DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR (gnu_decl, gnu_corr_var);
+
+	    /* As debugging information will be generated for the variable,
+	       do not generate debugging information for the constant.  */
+	    if (debug_info_p)
+	      DECL_IGNORED_P (gnu_decl) = 1;
+	    else
+	      DECL_IGNORED_P (gnu_corr_var) = 1;
+	  }
+
+	/* If this is a constant, even if we don't need a true variable, we
+	   may need to avoid returning the initializer in every case.  That
+	   can happen for the address of a (constant) constructor because,
+	   upon dereferencing it, the constructor will be reinjected in the
+	   tree, which may not be valid in every case; see lvalue_required_p
+	   for more details.  */
+	if (TREE_CODE (gnu_decl) == CONST_DECL)
+	  DECL_CONST_ADDRESS_P (gnu_decl) = constructor_address_p (gnu_expr);
+
+	/* If this object is declared in a block that contains a block with an
+	   exception handler, and we aren't using the GCC exception mechanism,
+	   we must force this variable in memory in order to avoid an invalid
+	   optimization.  */
+	if (Exception_Mechanism != Back_End_Exceptions
+	    && Has_Nested_Block_With_Handler (Scope (gnat_entity)))
+	  TREE_ADDRESSABLE (gnu_decl) = 1;
+
+	/* If this is a local variable with non-BLKmode and aggregate type,
+	   and optimization isn't enabled, then force it in memory so that
+	   a register won't be allocated to it with possible subparts left
+	   uninitialized and reaching the register allocator.  */
+	else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_decl) == VAR_DECL
+		 && !DECL_EXTERNAL (gnu_decl)
+		 && !TREE_STATIC (gnu_decl)
+		 && DECL_MODE (gnu_decl) != BLKmode
+		 && AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl))
+		 && !TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl))
+		 && !optimize)
+	  TREE_ADDRESSABLE (gnu_decl) = 1;
+
+	/* If we are defining an object with variable size or an object with
+	   fixed size that will be dynamically allocated, and we are using the
+	   setjmp/longjmp exception mechanism, update the setjmp buffer.  */
+	if (definition
+	    && Exception_Mechanism == Setjmp_Longjmp
+	    && get_block_jmpbuf_decl ()
+	    && DECL_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_decl)
+	    && (TREE_CODE (DECL_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_decl)) != INTEGER_CST
+		|| (flag_stack_check == GENERIC_STACK_CHECK
+		    && compare_tree_int (DECL_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_decl),
+					 STACK_CHECK_MAX_VAR_SIZE) > 0)))
+	  add_stmt_with_node (build_call_n_expr
+			      (update_setjmp_buf_decl, 1,
+			       build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+					       get_block_jmpbuf_decl ())),
+			      gnat_entity);
+
+	/* Back-annotate Esize and Alignment of the object if not already
+	   known.  Note that we pick the values of the type, not those of
+	   the object, to shield ourselves from low-level platform-dependent
+	   adjustments like alignment promotion.  This is both consistent with
+	   all the treatment above, where alignment and size are set on the
+	   type of the object and not on the object directly, and makes it
+	   possible to support all confirming representation clauses.  */
+	annotate_object (gnat_entity, TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl), gnu_object_size,
+			 used_by_ref);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case E_Void:
+      /* Return a TYPE_DECL for "void" that we previously made.  */
+      gnu_decl = TYPE_NAME (void_type_node);
+      break;
+
+    case E_Enumeration_Type:
+      /* A special case: for the types Character and Wide_Character in
+	 Standard, we do not list all the literals.  So if the literals
+	 are not specified, make this an unsigned integer type.  */
+      if (No (First_Literal (gnat_entity)))
+	{
+	  gnu_type = make_unsigned_type (esize);
+	  TYPE_NAME (gnu_type) = gnu_entity_name;
+
+	  /* Set TYPE_STRING_FLAG for Character and Wide_Character types.
+	     This is needed by the DWARF-2 back-end to distinguish between
+	     unsigned integer types and character types.  */
+	  TYPE_STRING_FLAG (gnu_type) = 1;
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* We have a list of enumeral constants in First_Literal.  We make a
+	     CONST_DECL for each one and build into GNU_LITERAL_LIST the list
+	     to be placed into TYPE_FIELDS.  Each node is itself a TREE_LIST
+	     whose TREE_VALUE is the literal name and whose TREE_PURPOSE is the
+	     value of the literal.  But when we have a regular boolean type, we
+	     simplify this a little by using a BOOLEAN_TYPE.  */
+	  const bool is_boolean = Is_Boolean_Type (gnat_entity)
+				  && !Has_Non_Standard_Rep (gnat_entity);
+	  const bool is_unsigned = Is_Unsigned_Type (gnat_entity);
+	  tree gnu_list = NULL_TREE;
+	  Entity_Id gnat_literal;
+
+	  gnu_type = make_node (is_boolean ? BOOLEAN_TYPE : ENUMERAL_TYPE);
+	  TYPE_PRECISION (gnu_type) = esize;
+	  TYPE_UNSIGNED (gnu_type) = is_unsigned;
+	  set_min_and_max_values_for_integral_type (gnu_type, esize,
+						    is_unsigned);
+	  process_attributes (&gnu_type, &attr_list, true, gnat_entity);
+	  layout_type (gnu_type);
+
+	  for (gnat_literal = First_Literal (gnat_entity);
+	       Present (gnat_literal);
+	       gnat_literal = Next_Literal (gnat_literal))
+	    {
+	      tree gnu_value
+		= UI_To_gnu (Enumeration_Rep (gnat_literal), gnu_type);
+	      tree gnu_literal
+		= create_var_decl (get_entity_name (gnat_literal), NULL_TREE,
+				   gnu_type, gnu_value, true, false, false,
+				   false, NULL, gnat_literal);
+	      /* Do not generate debug info for individual enumerators.  */
+	      DECL_IGNORED_P (gnu_literal) = 1;
+	      save_gnu_tree (gnat_literal, gnu_literal, false);
+	      gnu_list
+	        = tree_cons (DECL_NAME (gnu_literal), gnu_value, gnu_list);
+	    }
+
+	  if (!is_boolean)
+	    TYPE_VALUES (gnu_type) = nreverse (gnu_list);
+
+	  /* Note that the bounds are updated at the end of this function
+	     to avoid an infinite recursion since they refer to the type.  */
+	  goto discrete_type;
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case E_Signed_Integer_Type:
+    case E_Ordinary_Fixed_Point_Type:
+    case E_Decimal_Fixed_Point_Type:
+      /* For integer types, just make a signed type the appropriate number
+	 of bits.  */
+      gnu_type = make_signed_type (esize);
+      goto discrete_type;
+
+    case E_Modular_Integer_Type:
+      {
+	/* For modular types, make the unsigned type of the proper number
+	   of bits and then set up the modulus, if required.  */
+	tree gnu_modulus, gnu_high = NULL_TREE;
+
+	/* Packed array types are supposed to be subtypes only.  */
+	gcc_assert (!Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity));
+
+	gnu_type = make_unsigned_type (esize);
+
+	/* Get the modulus in this type.  If it overflows, assume it is because
+	   it is equal to 2**Esize.  Note that there is no overflow checking
+	   done on unsigned type, so we detect the overflow by looking for
+	   a modulus of zero, which is otherwise invalid.  */
+	gnu_modulus = UI_To_gnu (Modulus (gnat_entity), gnu_type);
+
+	if (!integer_zerop (gnu_modulus))
+	  {
+	    TYPE_MODULAR_P (gnu_type) = 1;
+	    SET_TYPE_MODULUS (gnu_type, gnu_modulus);
+	    gnu_high = fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, gnu_type, gnu_modulus,
+				    convert (gnu_type, integer_one_node));
+	  }
+
+	/* If the upper bound is not maximal, make an extra subtype.  */
+	if (gnu_high
+	    && !tree_int_cst_equal (gnu_high, TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_type)))
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_subtype = make_unsigned_type (esize);
+	    SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (gnu_subtype, gnu_high);
+	    TREE_TYPE (gnu_subtype) = gnu_type;
+	    TYPE_EXTRA_SUBTYPE_P (gnu_subtype) = 1;
+	    TYPE_NAME (gnu_type) = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "UMT");
+	    gnu_type = gnu_subtype;
+	  }
+      }
+      goto discrete_type;
+
+    case E_Signed_Integer_Subtype:
+    case E_Enumeration_Subtype:
+    case E_Modular_Integer_Subtype:
+    case E_Ordinary_Fixed_Point_Subtype:
+    case E_Decimal_Fixed_Point_Subtype:
+
+      /* For integral subtypes, we make a new INTEGER_TYPE.  Note that we do
+	 not want to call create_range_type since we would like each subtype
+	 node to be distinct.  ??? Historically this was in preparation for
+	 when memory aliasing is implemented, but that's obsolete now given
+	 the call to relate_alias_sets below.
+
+	 The TREE_TYPE field of the INTEGER_TYPE points to the base type;
+	 this fact is used by the arithmetic conversion functions.
+
+	 We elaborate the Ancestor_Subtype if it is not in the current unit
+	 and one of our bounds is non-static.  We do this to ensure consistent
+	 naming in the case where several subtypes share the same bounds, by
+	 elaborating the first such subtype first, thus using its name.  */
+
+      if (!definition
+	  && Present (Ancestor_Subtype (gnat_entity))
+	  && !In_Extended_Main_Code_Unit (Ancestor_Subtype (gnat_entity))
+	  && (!Compile_Time_Known_Value (Type_Low_Bound (gnat_entity))
+	      || !Compile_Time_Known_Value (Type_High_Bound (gnat_entity))))
+	gnat_to_gnu_entity (Ancestor_Subtype (gnat_entity), gnu_expr, 0);
+
+      /* Set the precision to the Esize except for bit-packed arrays.  */
+      if (Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity)
+	  && Is_Bit_Packed_Array (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)))
+	esize = UI_To_Int (RM_Size (gnat_entity));
+
+      /* This should be an unsigned type if the base type is unsigned or
+	 if the lower bound is constant and non-negative or if the type
+	 is biased.  */
+      if (Is_Unsigned_Type (Etype (gnat_entity))
+	  || Is_Unsigned_Type (gnat_entity)
+	  || Has_Biased_Representation (gnat_entity))
+	gnu_type = make_unsigned_type (esize);
+      else
+	gnu_type = make_signed_type (esize);
+      TREE_TYPE (gnu_type) = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_entity));
+
+      SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE
+	(gnu_type,
+	 convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type),
+		  elaborate_expression (Type_Low_Bound (gnat_entity),
+					gnat_entity, get_identifier ("L"),
+					definition, true,
+					Needs_Debug_Info (gnat_entity))));
+
+      SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE
+	(gnu_type,
+	 convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type),
+		  elaborate_expression (Type_High_Bound (gnat_entity),
+					gnat_entity, get_identifier ("U"),
+					definition, true,
+					Needs_Debug_Info (gnat_entity))));
+
+      TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (gnu_type)
+	= Has_Biased_Representation (gnat_entity);
+
+      /* Inherit our alias set from what we're a subtype of.  Subtypes
+	 are not different types and a pointer can designate any instance
+	 within a subtype hierarchy.  */
+      relate_alias_sets (gnu_type, TREE_TYPE (gnu_type), ALIAS_SET_COPY);
+
+      /* One of the above calls might have caused us to be elaborated,
+	 so don't blow up if so.  */
+      if (present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity))
+	{
+	  maybe_present = true;
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* Attach the TYPE_STUB_DECL in case we have a parallel type.  */
+      TYPE_STUB_DECL (gnu_type)
+	= create_type_stub_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_type);
+
+      /* For a packed array, make the original array type a parallel type.  */
+      if (debug_info_p
+	  && Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity)
+	  && present_gnu_tree (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)))
+	add_parallel_type (gnu_type,
+			   gnat_to_gnu_type
+			   (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)));
+
+    discrete_type:
+
+      /* We have to handle clauses that under-align the type specially.  */
+      if ((Present (Alignment_Clause (gnat_entity))
+	   || (Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity)
+	       && Present
+		  (Alignment_Clause (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)))))
+	  && UI_Is_In_Int_Range (Alignment (gnat_entity)))
+	{
+	  align = UI_To_Int (Alignment (gnat_entity)) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
+	  if (align >= TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type))
+	    align = 0;
+	}
+
+      /* If the type we are dealing with represents a bit-packed array,
+	 we need to have the bits left justified on big-endian targets
+	 and right justified on little-endian targets.  We also need to
+	 ensure that when the value is read (e.g. for comparison of two
+	 such values), we only get the good bits, since the unused bits
+	 are uninitialized.  Both goals are accomplished by wrapping up
+	 the modular type in an enclosing record type.  */
+      if (Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity)
+	  && Is_Bit_Packed_Array (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)))
+	{
+	  tree gnu_field_type, gnu_field;
+
+	  /* Set the RM size before wrapping up the original type.  */
+	  SET_TYPE_RM_SIZE (gnu_type,
+			    UI_To_gnu (RM_Size (gnat_entity), bitsizetype));
+	  TYPE_PACKED_ARRAY_TYPE_P (gnu_type) = 1;
+
+	  /* Create a stripped-down declaration, mainly for debugging.  */
+	  create_type_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_type, true, debug_info_p,
+			    gnat_entity);
+
+	  /* Now save it and build the enclosing record type.  */
+	  gnu_field_type = gnu_type;
+
+	  gnu_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+	  TYPE_NAME (gnu_type) = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "JM");
+	  TYPE_PACKED (gnu_type) = 1;
+	  TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type) = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type);
+	  TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type) = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_field_type);
+	  SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE (gnu_type, TYPE_RM_SIZE (gnu_field_type));
+
+	  /* Propagate the alignment of the modular type to the record type,
+	     unless there is an alignment clause that under-aligns the type.
+	     This means that bit-packed arrays are given "ceil" alignment for
+	     their size by default, which may seem counter-intuitive but makes
+	     it possible to overlay them on modular types easily.  */
+	  TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type)
+	    = align > 0 ? align : TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_field_type);
+
+	  relate_alias_sets (gnu_type, gnu_field_type, ALIAS_SET_COPY);
+
+	  /* Don't declare the field as addressable since we won't be taking
+	     its address and this would prevent create_field_decl from making
+	     a bitfield.  */
+	  gnu_field
+	    = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("OBJECT"), gnu_field_type,
+				 gnu_type, NULL_TREE, bitsize_zero_node, 1, 0);
+
+	  /* Do not emit debug info until after the parallel type is added.  */
+	  finish_record_type (gnu_type, gnu_field, 2, false);
+	  compute_record_mode (gnu_type);
+	  TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (gnu_type) = 1;
+
+	  if (debug_info_p)
+	    {
+	      /* Make the original array type a parallel type.  */
+	      if (present_gnu_tree (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)))
+		add_parallel_type (gnu_type,
+				   gnat_to_gnu_type
+				   (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)));
+
+	      rest_of_record_type_compilation (gnu_type);
+	    }
+	}
+
+      /* If the type we are dealing with has got a smaller alignment than the
+	 natural one, we need to wrap it up in a record type and misalign the
+	 latter; we reuse the padding machinery for this purpose.  Note that,
+	 even if the record type is marked as packed because of misalignment,
+	 we don't pack the field so as to give it the size of the type.  */
+      else if (align > 0)
+	{
+	  tree gnu_field_type, gnu_field;
+
+	  /* Set the RM size before wrapping up the type.  */
+	  SET_TYPE_RM_SIZE (gnu_type,
+			    UI_To_gnu (RM_Size (gnat_entity), bitsizetype));
+
+	  /* Create a stripped-down declaration, mainly for debugging.  */
+	  create_type_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_type, true, debug_info_p,
+			    gnat_entity);
+
+	  /* Now save it and build the enclosing record type.  */
+	  gnu_field_type = gnu_type;
+
+	  gnu_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+	  TYPE_NAME (gnu_type) = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "PAD");
+	  TYPE_PACKED (gnu_type) = 1;
+	  TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type) = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type);
+	  TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type) = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_field_type);
+	  SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE (gnu_type, TYPE_RM_SIZE (gnu_field_type));
+	  TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type) = align;
+	  relate_alias_sets (gnu_type, gnu_field_type, ALIAS_SET_COPY);
+
+	  /* Don't declare the field as addressable since we won't be taking
+	     its address and this would prevent create_field_decl from making
+	     a bitfield.  */
+	  gnu_field
+	    = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("F"), gnu_field_type,
+				 gnu_type, TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type),
+				 bitsize_zero_node, 0, 0);
+
+	  finish_record_type (gnu_type, gnu_field, 2, debug_info_p);
+	  compute_record_mode (gnu_type);
+	  TYPE_PADDING_P (gnu_type) = 1;
+	}
+
+      break;
+
+    case E_Floating_Point_Type:
+      /* If this is a VAX floating-point type, use an integer of the proper
+	 size.  All the operations will be handled with ASM statements.  */
+      if (Vax_Float (gnat_entity))
+	{
+	  gnu_type = make_signed_type (esize);
+	  TYPE_VAX_FLOATING_POINT_P (gnu_type) = 1;
+	  SET_TYPE_DIGITS_VALUE (gnu_type,
+				 UI_To_gnu (Digits_Value (gnat_entity),
+					    sizetype));
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* The type of the Low and High bounds can be our type if this is
+	 a type from Standard, so set them at the end of the function.  */
+      gnu_type = make_node (REAL_TYPE);
+      TYPE_PRECISION (gnu_type) = fp_size_to_prec (esize);
+      layout_type (gnu_type);
+      break;
+
+    case E_Floating_Point_Subtype:
+      if (Vax_Float (gnat_entity))
+	{
+	  gnu_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_entity));
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* See the E_Signed_Integer_Subtype case for the rationale.  */
+      if (!definition
+	  && Present (Ancestor_Subtype (gnat_entity))
+	  && !In_Extended_Main_Code_Unit (Ancestor_Subtype (gnat_entity))
+	  && (!Compile_Time_Known_Value (Type_Low_Bound (gnat_entity))
+	      || !Compile_Time_Known_Value (Type_High_Bound (gnat_entity))))
+	gnat_to_gnu_entity (Ancestor_Subtype (gnat_entity), gnu_expr, 0);
+
+      gnu_type = make_node (REAL_TYPE);
+      TREE_TYPE (gnu_type) = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_entity));
+      TYPE_PRECISION (gnu_type) = fp_size_to_prec (esize);
+      TYPE_GCC_MIN_VALUE (gnu_type)
+	= TYPE_GCC_MIN_VALUE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type));
+      TYPE_GCC_MAX_VALUE (gnu_type)
+	= TYPE_GCC_MAX_VALUE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type));
+      layout_type (gnu_type);
+
+      SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE
+	(gnu_type,
+	 convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type),
+		  elaborate_expression (Type_Low_Bound (gnat_entity),
+					gnat_entity, get_identifier ("L"),
+					definition, true,
+					Needs_Debug_Info (gnat_entity))));
+
+      SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE
+	(gnu_type,
+	 convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type),
+		  elaborate_expression (Type_High_Bound (gnat_entity),
+					gnat_entity, get_identifier ("U"),
+					definition, true,
+					Needs_Debug_Info (gnat_entity))));
+
+      /* Inherit our alias set from what we're a subtype of, as for
+	 integer subtypes.  */
+      relate_alias_sets (gnu_type, TREE_TYPE (gnu_type), ALIAS_SET_COPY);
+
+      /* One of the above calls might have caused us to be elaborated,
+	 so don't blow up if so.  */
+      maybe_present = true;
+      break;
+
+      /* Array and String Types and Subtypes
+
+	 Unconstrained array types are represented by E_Array_Type and
+	 constrained array types are represented by E_Array_Subtype.  There
+	 are no actual objects of an unconstrained array type; all we have
+	 are pointers to that type.
+
+	 The following fields are defined on array types and subtypes:
+
+		Component_Type     Component type of the array.
+		Number_Dimensions  Number of dimensions (an int).
+		First_Index	   Type of first index.  */
+
+    case E_String_Type:
+    case E_Array_Type:
+      {
+	const bool convention_fortran_p
+	  = (Convention (gnat_entity) == Convention_Fortran);
+	const int ndim = Number_Dimensions (gnat_entity);
+	tree gnu_template_type;
+	tree gnu_ptr_template;
+	tree gnu_template_reference, gnu_template_fields, gnu_fat_type;
+	tree *gnu_index_types = XALLOCAVEC (tree, ndim);
+	tree *gnu_temp_fields = XALLOCAVEC (tree, ndim);
+	tree gnu_max_size = size_one_node, gnu_max_size_unit, tem, t;
+	Entity_Id gnat_index, gnat_name;
+	int index;
+	tree comp_type;
+
+	/* Create the type for the component now, as it simplifies breaking
+	   type reference loops.  */
+	comp_type
+	  = gnat_to_gnu_component_type (gnat_entity, definition, debug_info_p);
+	if (present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity))
+	  {
+	    /* As a side effect, the type may have been translated.  */
+	    maybe_present = true;
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* We complete an existing dummy fat pointer type in place.  This both
+	   avoids further complex adjustments in update_pointer_to and yields
+	   better debugging information in DWARF by leveraging the support for
+	   incomplete declarations of "tagged" types in the DWARF back-end.  */
+	gnu_type = get_dummy_type (gnat_entity);
+	if (gnu_type && TYPE_POINTER_TO (gnu_type))
+	  {
+	    gnu_fat_type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TYPE_POINTER_TO (gnu_type));
+	    TYPE_NAME (gnu_fat_type) = NULL_TREE;
+	    /* Save the contents of the dummy type for update_pointer_to.  */
+	    TYPE_POINTER_TO (gnu_type) = copy_type (gnu_fat_type);
+	    gnu_ptr_template =
+	      TREE_TYPE (TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_fat_type)));
+	    gnu_template_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr_template);
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    gnu_fat_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+	    gnu_template_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+	    gnu_ptr_template = build_pointer_type (gnu_template_type);
+	  }
+
+	/* Make a node for the array.  If we are not defining the array
+	   suppress expanding incomplete types.  */
+	gnu_type = make_node (UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE);
+
+	if (!definition)
+	  {
+	    defer_incomplete_level++;
+	    this_deferred = true;
+	  }
+
+	/* Build the fat pointer type.  Use a "void *" object instead of
+	   a pointer to the array type since we don't have the array type
+	   yet (it will reference the fat pointer via the bounds).  */
+	tem
+	  = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("P_ARRAY"), ptr_void_type_node,
+			       gnu_fat_type, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, 0, 0);
+	DECL_CHAIN (tem)
+	  = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("P_BOUNDS"), gnu_ptr_template,
+			       gnu_fat_type, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, 0, 0);
+
+	if (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (gnu_fat_type))
+	  {
+	    /* We are going to lay it out again so reset the alias set.  */
+	    alias_set_type alias_set = TYPE_ALIAS_SET (gnu_fat_type);
+	    TYPE_ALIAS_SET (gnu_fat_type) = -1;
+	    finish_fat_pointer_type (gnu_fat_type, tem);
+	    TYPE_ALIAS_SET (gnu_fat_type) = alias_set;
+	    for (t = gnu_fat_type; t; t = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (t))
+	      {
+		TYPE_FIELDS (t) = tem;
+		SET_TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (t, gnu_type);
+	      }
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    finish_fat_pointer_type (gnu_fat_type, tem);
+	    SET_TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (gnu_fat_type, gnu_type);
+	  }
+
+	/* Build a reference to the template from a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR that
+	   is the fat pointer.  This will be used to access the individual
+	   fields once we build them.  */
+	tem = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, gnu_ptr_template,
+		      build0 (PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, gnu_fat_type),
+		      DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_fat_type)), NULL_TREE);
+	gnu_template_reference
+	  = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, gnu_template_type, tem);
+	TREE_READONLY (gnu_template_reference) = 1;
+	TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (gnu_template_reference) = 1;
+
+	/* Now create the GCC type for each index and add the fields for that
+	   index to the template.  */
+	for (index = (convention_fortran_p ? ndim - 1 : 0),
+	     gnat_index = First_Index (gnat_entity);
+	     0 <= index && index < ndim;
+	     index += (convention_fortran_p ? - 1 : 1),
+	     gnat_index = Next_Index (gnat_index))
+	  {
+	    char field_name[16];
+	    tree gnu_index_base_type
+	      = get_unpadded_type (Base_Type (Etype (gnat_index)));
+	    tree gnu_lb_field, gnu_hb_field, gnu_orig_min, gnu_orig_max;
+	    tree gnu_min, gnu_max, gnu_high;
+
+	    /* Make the FIELD_DECLs for the low and high bounds of this
+	       type and then make extractions of these fields from the
+	       template.  */
+	    sprintf (field_name, "LB%d", index);
+	    gnu_lb_field = create_field_decl (get_identifier (field_name),
+					      gnu_index_base_type,
+					      gnu_template_type, NULL_TREE,
+					      NULL_TREE, 0, 0);
+	    Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_entity),
+			   &DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (gnu_lb_field));
+
+	    field_name[0] = 'U';
+	    gnu_hb_field = create_field_decl (get_identifier (field_name),
+					      gnu_index_base_type,
+					      gnu_template_type, NULL_TREE,
+					      NULL_TREE, 0, 0);
+	    Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_entity),
+			   &DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (gnu_hb_field));
+
+	    gnu_temp_fields[index] = chainon (gnu_lb_field, gnu_hb_field);
+
+	    /* We can't use build_component_ref here since the template type
+	       isn't complete yet.  */
+	    gnu_orig_min = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, gnu_index_base_type,
+				   gnu_template_reference, gnu_lb_field,
+				   NULL_TREE);
+	    gnu_orig_max = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, gnu_index_base_type,
+				   gnu_template_reference, gnu_hb_field,
+				   NULL_TREE);
+	    TREE_READONLY (gnu_orig_min) = TREE_READONLY (gnu_orig_max) = 1;
+
+	    gnu_min = convert (sizetype, gnu_orig_min);
+	    gnu_max = convert (sizetype, gnu_orig_max);
+
+	    /* Compute the size of this dimension.  See the E_Array_Subtype
+	       case below for the rationale.  */
+	    gnu_high
+	      = build3 (COND_EXPR, sizetype,
+			build2 (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				gnu_orig_max, gnu_orig_min),
+			gnu_max,
+			size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, gnu_min, size_one_node));
+
+	    /* Make a range type with the new range in the Ada base type.
+	       Then make an index type with the size range in sizetype.  */
+	    gnu_index_types[index]
+	      = create_index_type (gnu_min, gnu_high,
+				   create_range_type (gnu_index_base_type,
+						      gnu_orig_min,
+						      gnu_orig_max),
+				   gnat_entity);
+
+	    /* Update the maximum size of the array in elements.  */
+	    if (gnu_max_size)
+	      {
+		tree gnu_index_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_index));
+		tree gnu_min
+		  = convert (sizetype, TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_index_type));
+		tree gnu_max
+		  = convert (sizetype, TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_index_type));
+		tree gnu_this_max
+		  = size_binop (MAX_EXPR,
+				size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, size_one_node,
+					    size_binop (MINUS_EXPR,
+							gnu_max, gnu_min)),
+				size_zero_node);
+
+		if (TREE_CODE (gnu_this_max) == INTEGER_CST
+		    && TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_this_max))
+		  gnu_max_size = NULL_TREE;
+		else
+		  gnu_max_size
+		    = size_binop (MULT_EXPR, gnu_max_size, gnu_this_max);
+	      }
+
+	    TYPE_NAME (gnu_index_types[index])
+	      = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, field_name);
+	  }
+
+	/* Install all the fields into the template.  */
+	TYPE_NAME (gnu_template_type)
+	  = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "XUB");
+	gnu_template_fields = NULL_TREE;
+	for (index = 0; index < ndim; index++)
+	  gnu_template_fields
+	    = chainon (gnu_template_fields, gnu_temp_fields[index]);
+	finish_record_type (gnu_template_type, gnu_template_fields, 0,
+			    debug_info_p);
+	TYPE_READONLY (gnu_template_type) = 1;
+
+	/* If Component_Size is not already specified, annotate it with the
+	   size of the component.  */
+	if (Unknown_Component_Size (gnat_entity))
+	  Set_Component_Size (gnat_entity,
+                              annotate_value (TYPE_SIZE (comp_type)));
+
+	/* Compute the maximum size of the array in units and bits.  */
+	if (gnu_max_size)
+	  {
+	    gnu_max_size_unit = size_binop (MULT_EXPR, gnu_max_size,
+					    TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (comp_type));
+	    gnu_max_size = size_binop (MULT_EXPR,
+				       convert (bitsizetype, gnu_max_size),
+				       TYPE_SIZE (comp_type));
+	  }
+	else
+	  gnu_max_size_unit = NULL_TREE;
+
+	/* Now build the array type.  */
+        tem = comp_type;
+	for (index = ndim - 1; index >= 0; index--)
+	  {
+	    tem = build_nonshared_array_type (tem, gnu_index_types[index]);
+	    if (Reverse_Storage_Order (gnat_entity))
+	      sorry ("non-default Scalar_Storage_Order");
+	    TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (tem) = (index > 0);
+	    if (array_type_has_nonaliased_component (tem, gnat_entity))
+	      TYPE_NONALIASED_COMPONENT (tem) = 1;
+
+	    /* If it is passed by reference, force BLKmode to ensure that
+	       objects of this type will always be put in memory.  */
+	    if (TYPE_MODE (tem) != BLKmode
+		&& Is_By_Reference_Type (gnat_entity))
+	      SET_TYPE_MODE (tem, BLKmode);
+	  }
+
+	/* If an alignment is specified, use it if valid.  But ignore it
+	   for the original type of packed array types.  If the alignment
+	   was requested with an explicit alignment clause, state so.  */
+	if (No (Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity))
+	    && Known_Alignment (gnat_entity))
+	  {
+	    TYPE_ALIGN (tem)
+	      = validate_alignment (Alignment (gnat_entity), gnat_entity,
+				    TYPE_ALIGN (tem));
+	    if (Present (Alignment_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	      TYPE_USER_ALIGN (tem) = 1;
+	  }
+
+	TYPE_CONVENTION_FORTRAN_P (tem) = convention_fortran_p;
+
+	/* Adjust the type of the pointer-to-array field of the fat pointer
+	   and record the aliasing relationships if necessary.  */
+	TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_fat_type)) = build_pointer_type (tem);
+	if (TYPE_ALIAS_SET_KNOWN_P (gnu_fat_type))
+	  record_component_aliases (gnu_fat_type);
+
+	/* The result type is an UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE that indicates the
+	   corresponding fat pointer.  */
+	TREE_TYPE (gnu_type) = gnu_fat_type;
+	TYPE_POINTER_TO (gnu_type) = gnu_fat_type;
+	TYPE_REFERENCE_TO (gnu_type) = gnu_fat_type;
+	SET_TYPE_MODE (gnu_type, BLKmode);
+	TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type) = TYPE_ALIGN (tem);
+
+	/* If the maximum size doesn't overflow, use it.  */
+	if (gnu_max_size
+	    && TREE_CODE (gnu_max_size) == INTEGER_CST
+	    && !TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_max_size)
+	    && TREE_CODE (gnu_max_size_unit) == INTEGER_CST
+	    && !TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_max_size_unit))
+	  {
+	    TYPE_SIZE (tem) = size_binop (MIN_EXPR, gnu_max_size,
+					  TYPE_SIZE (tem));
+	    TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (tem) = size_binop (MIN_EXPR, gnu_max_size_unit,
+					       TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (tem));
+	  }
+
+	create_type_decl (create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "XUA"), tem,
+			  !Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity), debug_info_p,
+			  gnat_entity);
+
+	/* Give the fat pointer type a name.  If this is a packed type, tell
+	   the debugger how to interpret the underlying bits.  */
+	if (Present (Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity)))
+	  gnat_name = Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity);
+	else
+	  gnat_name = gnat_entity;
+	create_type_decl (create_concat_name (gnat_name, "XUP"), gnu_fat_type,
+			  !Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity), debug_info_p,
+			  gnat_entity);
+
+	/* Create the type to be designated by thin pointers: a record type for
+	   the array and its template.  We used to shift the fields to have the
+	   template at a negative offset, but this was somewhat of a kludge; we
+	   now shift thin pointer values explicitly but only those which have a
+	   TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY attached to the designated RECORD_TYPE.  */
+	tem = build_unc_object_type (gnu_template_type, tem,
+				     create_concat_name (gnat_name, "XUT"),
+				     debug_info_p);
+
+	SET_TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (tem, gnu_type);
+	TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE (gnu_type) = tem;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case E_String_Subtype:
+    case E_Array_Subtype:
+
+      /* This is the actual data type for array variables.  Multidimensional
+	 arrays are implemented as arrays of arrays.  Note that arrays which
+	 have sparse enumeration subtypes as index components create sparse
+	 arrays, which is obviously space inefficient but so much easier to
+	 code for now.
+
+	 Also note that the subtype never refers to the unconstrained array
+	 type, which is somewhat at variance with Ada semantics.
+
+	 First check to see if this is simply a renaming of the array type.
+	 If so, the result is the array type.  */
+
+      gnu_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_entity));
+      if (!Is_Constrained (gnat_entity))
+	;
+      else
+	{
+	  Entity_Id gnat_index, gnat_base_index;
+	  const bool convention_fortran_p
+	    = (Convention (gnat_entity) == Convention_Fortran);
+	  const int ndim = Number_Dimensions (gnat_entity);
+	  tree gnu_base_type = gnu_type;
+	  tree *gnu_index_types = XALLOCAVEC (tree, ndim);
+	  tree gnu_max_size = size_one_node, gnu_max_size_unit;
+	  bool need_index_type_struct = false;
+	  int index;
+
+	  /* First create the GCC type for each index and find out whether
+	     special types are needed for debugging information.  */
+	  for (index = (convention_fortran_p ? ndim - 1 : 0),
+	       gnat_index = First_Index (gnat_entity),
+	       gnat_base_index
+		 = First_Index (Implementation_Base_Type (gnat_entity));
+	       0 <= index && index < ndim;
+	       index += (convention_fortran_p ? - 1 : 1),
+	       gnat_index = Next_Index (gnat_index),
+	       gnat_base_index = Next_Index (gnat_base_index))
+	    {
+	      tree gnu_index_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_index));
+	      tree gnu_orig_min = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_index_type);
+	      tree gnu_orig_max = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_index_type);
+	      tree gnu_min = convert (sizetype, gnu_orig_min);
+	      tree gnu_max = convert (sizetype, gnu_orig_max);
+	      tree gnu_base_index_type
+		= get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_base_index));
+	      tree gnu_base_orig_min = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_base_index_type);
+	      tree gnu_base_orig_max = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_base_index_type);
+	      tree gnu_high;
+
+	      /* See if the base array type is already flat.  If it is, we
+		 are probably compiling an ACATS test but it will cause the
+		 code below to malfunction if we don't handle it specially.  */
+	      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_base_orig_min) == INTEGER_CST
+		  && TREE_CODE (gnu_base_orig_max) == INTEGER_CST
+		  && tree_int_cst_lt (gnu_base_orig_max, gnu_base_orig_min))
+		{
+		  gnu_min = size_one_node;
+		  gnu_max = size_zero_node;
+		  gnu_high = gnu_max;
+		}
+
+	      /* Similarly, if one of the values overflows in sizetype and the
+		 range is null, use 1..0 for the sizetype bounds.  */
+	      else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_min) == INTEGER_CST
+		       && TREE_CODE (gnu_max) == INTEGER_CST
+		       && (TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_min) || TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_max))
+		       && tree_int_cst_lt (gnu_orig_max, gnu_orig_min))
+		{
+		  gnu_min = size_one_node;
+		  gnu_max = size_zero_node;
+		  gnu_high = gnu_max;
+		}
+
+	      /* If the minimum and maximum values both overflow in sizetype,
+		 but the difference in the original type does not overflow in
+		 sizetype, ignore the overflow indication.  */
+	      else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_min) == INTEGER_CST
+		       && TREE_CODE (gnu_max) == INTEGER_CST
+		       && TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_min) && TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_max)
+		       && !TREE_OVERFLOW
+			   (convert (sizetype,
+				     fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, gnu_index_type,
+						  gnu_orig_max,
+						  gnu_orig_min))))
+		{
+		  TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_min) = 0;
+		  TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_max) = 0;
+		  gnu_high = gnu_max;
+		}
+
+	      /* Compute the size of this dimension in the general case.  We
+		 need to provide GCC with an upper bound to use but have to
+		 deal with the "superflat" case.  There are three ways to do
+		 this.  If we can prove that the array can never be superflat,
+		 we can just use the high bound of the index type.  */
+	      else if ((Nkind (gnat_index) == N_Range
+		        && cannot_be_superflat_p (gnat_index))
+		       /* Packed Array Types are never superflat.  */
+		       || Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity))
+		gnu_high = gnu_max;
+
+	      /* Otherwise, if the high bound is constant but the low bound is
+		 not, we use the expression (hb >= lb) ? lb : hb + 1 for the
+		 lower bound.  Note that the comparison must be done in the
+		 original type to avoid any overflow during the conversion.  */
+	      else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_max) == INTEGER_CST
+		       && TREE_CODE (gnu_min) != INTEGER_CST)
+		{
+		  gnu_high = gnu_max;
+		  gnu_min
+		    = build_cond_expr (sizetype,
+				       build_binary_op (GE_EXPR,
+							boolean_type_node,
+							gnu_orig_max,
+							gnu_orig_min),
+				       gnu_min,
+				       int_const_binop (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_max,
+							size_one_node));
+		}
+
+	      /* Finally we use (hb >= lb) ? hb : lb - 1 for the upper bound
+		 in all the other cases.  Note that, here as well as above,
+		 the condition used in the comparison must be equivalent to
+		 the condition (length != 0).  This is relied upon in order
+		 to optimize array comparisons in compare_arrays.  Moreover
+		 we use int_const_binop for the shift by 1 if the bound is
+		 constant to avoid any unwanted overflow.  */
+	      else
+		gnu_high
+		  = build_cond_expr (sizetype,
+				     build_binary_op (GE_EXPR,
+						      boolean_type_node,
+						      gnu_orig_max,
+						      gnu_orig_min),
+				     gnu_max,
+				     TREE_CODE (gnu_min) == INTEGER_CST
+				     ? int_const_binop (MINUS_EXPR, gnu_min,
+							size_one_node)
+				     : size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, gnu_min,
+						   size_one_node));
+
+	      /* Reuse the index type for the range type.  Then make an index
+		 type with the size range in sizetype.  */
+	      gnu_index_types[index]
+		= create_index_type (gnu_min, gnu_high, gnu_index_type,
+				     gnat_entity);
+
+	      /* Update the maximum size of the array in elements.  Here we
+		 see if any constraint on the index type of the base type
+		 can be used in the case of self-referential bound on the
+		 index type of the subtype.  We look for a non-"infinite"
+		 and non-self-referential bound from any type involved and
+		 handle each bound separately.  */
+	      if (gnu_max_size)
+		{
+		  tree gnu_base_min = convert (sizetype, gnu_base_orig_min);
+		  tree gnu_base_max = convert (sizetype, gnu_base_orig_max);
+		  tree gnu_base_index_base_type
+		    = get_base_type (gnu_base_index_type);
+		  tree gnu_base_base_min
+		    = convert (sizetype,
+			       TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_base_index_base_type));
+		  tree gnu_base_base_max
+		    = convert (sizetype,
+			       TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_base_index_base_type));
+
+		  if (!CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (gnu_min)
+		      || !(TREE_CODE (gnu_base_min) == INTEGER_CST
+			   && !TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_base_min)))
+		    gnu_base_min = gnu_min;
+
+		  if (!CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (gnu_max)
+		      || !(TREE_CODE (gnu_base_max) == INTEGER_CST
+			   && !TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_base_max)))
+		    gnu_base_max = gnu_max;
+
+		  if ((TREE_CODE (gnu_base_min) == INTEGER_CST
+		       && TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_base_min))
+		      || operand_equal_p (gnu_base_min, gnu_base_base_min, 0)
+		      || (TREE_CODE (gnu_base_max) == INTEGER_CST
+			  && TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_base_max))
+		      || operand_equal_p (gnu_base_max, gnu_base_base_max, 0))
+		    gnu_max_size = NULL_TREE;
+		  else
+		    {
+		      tree gnu_this_max
+			= size_binop (MAX_EXPR,
+				      size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, size_one_node,
+						  size_binop (MINUS_EXPR,
+							      gnu_base_max,
+							      gnu_base_min)),
+				      size_zero_node);
+
+		      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_this_max) == INTEGER_CST
+			  && TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_this_max))
+			gnu_max_size = NULL_TREE;
+		      else
+			gnu_max_size
+			  = size_binop (MULT_EXPR, gnu_max_size, gnu_this_max);
+		    }
+		}
+
+	      /* We need special types for debugging information to point to
+		 the index types if they have variable bounds, are not integer
+		 types, are biased or are wider than sizetype.  */
+	      if (!integer_onep (gnu_orig_min)
+		  || TREE_CODE (gnu_orig_max) != INTEGER_CST
+		  || TREE_CODE (gnu_index_type) != INTEGER_TYPE
+		  || (TREE_TYPE (gnu_index_type)
+		      && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_index_type))
+			 != INTEGER_TYPE)
+		  || TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (gnu_index_type)
+		  || compare_tree_int (rm_size (gnu_index_type),
+				       TYPE_PRECISION (sizetype)) > 0)
+		need_index_type_struct = true;
+	    }
+
+	  /* Then flatten: create the array of arrays.  For an array type
+	     used to implement a packed array, get the component type from
+	     the original array type since the representation clauses that
+	     can affect it are on the latter.  */
+	  if (Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity)
+	      && !Is_Bit_Packed_Array (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)))
+	    {
+	      gnu_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity));
+	      for (index = ndim - 1; index >= 0; index--)
+		gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_type);
+
+	      /* One of the above calls might have caused us to be elaborated,
+		 so don't blow up if so.  */
+	      if (present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity))
+		{
+		  maybe_present = true;
+		  break;
+		}
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      gnu_type = gnat_to_gnu_component_type (gnat_entity, definition,
+						     debug_info_p);
+
+	      /* One of the above calls might have caused us to be elaborated,
+		 so don't blow up if so.  */
+	      if (present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity))
+		{
+		  maybe_present = true;
+		  break;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  /* Compute the maximum size of the array in units and bits.  */
+	  if (gnu_max_size)
+	    {
+	      gnu_max_size_unit = size_binop (MULT_EXPR, gnu_max_size,
+					      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type));
+	      gnu_max_size = size_binop (MULT_EXPR,
+					 convert (bitsizetype, gnu_max_size),
+					 TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type));
+	    }
+	  else
+	    gnu_max_size_unit = NULL_TREE;
+
+	  /* Now build the array type.  */
+	  for (index = ndim - 1; index >= 0; index --)
+	    {
+	      gnu_type = build_nonshared_array_type (gnu_type,
+						     gnu_index_types[index]);
+	      TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (gnu_type) = (index > 0);
+	      if (array_type_has_nonaliased_component (gnu_type, gnat_entity))
+		TYPE_NONALIASED_COMPONENT (gnu_type) = 1;
+
+	      /* See the E_Array_Type case for the rationale.  */
+	      if (TYPE_MODE (gnu_type) != BLKmode
+		  && Is_By_Reference_Type (gnat_entity))
+		SET_TYPE_MODE (gnu_type, BLKmode);
+	    }
+
+	  /* Attach the TYPE_STUB_DECL in case we have a parallel type.  */
+	  TYPE_STUB_DECL (gnu_type)
+	    = create_type_stub_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_type);
+
+	  /* If we are at file level and this is a multi-dimensional array,
+	     we need to make a variable corresponding to the stride of the
+	     inner dimensions.   */
+	  if (global_bindings_p () && ndim > 1)
+	    {
+	      tree gnu_st_name = get_identifier ("ST");
+	      tree gnu_arr_type;
+
+	      for (gnu_arr_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_type);
+		   TREE_CODE (gnu_arr_type) == ARRAY_TYPE;
+		   gnu_arr_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_arr_type),
+		   gnu_st_name = concat_name (gnu_st_name, "ST"))
+		{
+		  tree eltype = TREE_TYPE (gnu_arr_type);
+
+		  TYPE_SIZE (gnu_arr_type)
+		    = elaborate_expression_1 (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_arr_type),
+					      gnat_entity, gnu_st_name,
+					      definition, false);
+
+		  /* ??? For now, store the size as a multiple of the
+		     alignment of the element type in bytes so that we
+		     can see the alignment from the tree.  */
+		  TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_arr_type)
+		    = elaborate_expression_2 (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_arr_type),
+					      gnat_entity,
+					      concat_name (gnu_st_name, "A_U"),
+					      definition, false,
+					      TYPE_ALIGN (eltype));
+
+		  /* ??? create_type_decl is not invoked on the inner types so
+		     the MULT_EXPR node built above will never be marked.  */
+		  MARK_VISITED (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_arr_type));
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  /* If we need to write out a record type giving the names of the
+	     bounds for debugging purposes, do it now and make the record
+	     type a parallel type.  This is not needed for a packed array
+	     since the bounds are conveyed by the original array type.  */
+	  if (need_index_type_struct
+	      && debug_info_p
+	      && !Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity))
+	    {
+	      tree gnu_bound_rec = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+	      tree gnu_field_list = NULL_TREE;
+	      tree gnu_field;
+
+	      TYPE_NAME (gnu_bound_rec)
+		= create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "XA");
+
+	      for (index = ndim - 1; index >= 0; index--)
+		{
+		  tree gnu_index = TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (gnu_index_types[index]);
+		  tree gnu_index_name = TYPE_NAME (gnu_index);
+
+		  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_index_name) == TYPE_DECL)
+		    gnu_index_name = DECL_NAME (gnu_index_name);
+
+		  /* Make sure to reference the types themselves, and not just
+		     their names, as the debugger may fall back on them.  */
+		  gnu_field = create_field_decl (gnu_index_name, gnu_index,
+						 gnu_bound_rec, NULL_TREE,
+						 NULL_TREE, 0, 0);
+		  DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field) = gnu_field_list;
+		  gnu_field_list = gnu_field;
+		}
+
+	      finish_record_type (gnu_bound_rec, gnu_field_list, 0, true);
+	      add_parallel_type (gnu_type, gnu_bound_rec);
+	    }
+
+	  /* If this is a packed array type, make the original array type a
+	     parallel type.  Otherwise, do it for the base array type if it
+	     isn't artificial to make sure it is kept in the debug info.  */
+	  if (debug_info_p)
+	    {
+	      if (Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity)
+		  && present_gnu_tree (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)))
+		add_parallel_type (gnu_type,
+				   gnat_to_gnu_type
+				   (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)));
+	      else
+		{
+		  tree gnu_base_decl
+		    = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Etype (gnat_entity), NULL_TREE, 0);
+		  if (!DECL_ARTIFICIAL (gnu_base_decl))
+		    add_parallel_type (gnu_type,
+				       TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_base_decl)));
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  TYPE_CONVENTION_FORTRAN_P (gnu_type) = convention_fortran_p;
+	  TYPE_PACKED_ARRAY_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+	    = (Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity)
+	       && Is_Bit_Packed_Array (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)));
+
+	  /* If the size is self-referential and the maximum size doesn't
+	     overflow, use it.  */
+	  if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type))
+	      && gnu_max_size
+	      && !(TREE_CODE (gnu_max_size) == INTEGER_CST
+		   && TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_max_size))
+	      && !(TREE_CODE (gnu_max_size_unit) == INTEGER_CST
+		   && TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_max_size_unit)))
+	    {
+	      TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type) = size_binop (MIN_EXPR, gnu_max_size,
+						 TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type));
+	      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type)
+		= size_binop (MIN_EXPR, gnu_max_size_unit,
+			      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type));
+	    }
+
+	  /* Set our alias set to that of our base type.  This gives all
+	     array subtypes the same alias set.  */
+	  relate_alias_sets (gnu_type, gnu_base_type, ALIAS_SET_COPY);
+
+	  /* If this is a packed type, make this type the same as the packed
+	     array type, but do some adjusting in the type first.  */
+	  if (Present (Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity)))
+	    {
+	      Entity_Id gnat_index;
+	      tree gnu_inner;
+
+	      /* First finish the type we had been making so that we output
+		 debugging information for it.  */
+	      process_attributes (&gnu_type, &attr_list, false, gnat_entity);
+	      if (Treat_As_Volatile (gnat_entity))
+		gnu_type
+		  = build_qualified_type (gnu_type,
+					  TYPE_QUALS (gnu_type)
+					  | TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE);
+	      /* Make it artificial only if the base type was artificial too.
+		 That's sort of "morally" true and will make it possible for
+		 the debugger to look it up by name in DWARF, which is needed
+		 in order to decode the packed array type.  */
+	      gnu_decl
+		= create_type_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_type,
+				    !Comes_From_Source (Etype (gnat_entity))
+				    && !Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity),
+				    debug_info_p, gnat_entity);
+
+	      /* Save it as our equivalent in case the call below elaborates
+		 this type again.  */
+	      save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, gnu_decl, false);
+
+	      gnu_decl = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity),
+					     NULL_TREE, 0);
+	      this_made_decl = true;
+	      gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl);
+	      save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, NULL_TREE, false);
+
+	      gnu_inner = gnu_type;
+	      while (TREE_CODE (gnu_inner) == RECORD_TYPE
+		     && (TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (gnu_inner)
+			 || TYPE_PADDING_P (gnu_inner)))
+		gnu_inner = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_inner));
+
+	      /* We need to attach the index type to the type we just made so
+		 that the actual bounds can later be put into a template.  */
+	      if ((TREE_CODE (gnu_inner) == ARRAY_TYPE
+		   && !TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS (gnu_inner))
+		  || (TREE_CODE (gnu_inner) == INTEGER_TYPE
+		      && !TYPE_HAS_ACTUAL_BOUNDS_P (gnu_inner)))
+		{
+		  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_inner) == INTEGER_TYPE)
+		    {
+		      /* The TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS field is overloaded with the
+			 TYPE_MODULUS for modular types so we make an extra
+			 subtype if necessary.  */
+		      if (TYPE_MODULAR_P (gnu_inner))
+			{
+			  tree gnu_subtype
+			    = make_unsigned_type (TYPE_PRECISION (gnu_inner));
+			  TREE_TYPE (gnu_subtype) = gnu_inner;
+			  TYPE_EXTRA_SUBTYPE_P (gnu_subtype) = 1;
+			  SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (gnu_subtype,
+						 TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_inner));
+			  SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (gnu_subtype,
+						 TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_inner));
+			  gnu_inner = gnu_subtype;
+			}
+
+		      TYPE_HAS_ACTUAL_BOUNDS_P (gnu_inner) = 1;
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
+		      /* Check for other cases of overloading.  */
+		      gcc_assert (!TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS (gnu_inner));
+#endif
+		    }
+
+		  for (gnat_index = First_Index (gnat_entity);
+		       Present (gnat_index);
+		       gnat_index = Next_Index (gnat_index))
+		    SET_TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS
+		      (gnu_inner,
+		       tree_cons (NULL_TREE,
+				  get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_index)),
+				  TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS (gnu_inner)));
+
+		  if (Convention (gnat_entity) != Convention_Fortran)
+		    SET_TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS
+		      (gnu_inner, nreverse (TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS (gnu_inner)));
+
+		  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+		      && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (gnu_type))
+		    TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)) = gnu_inner;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  else
+	    /* Abort if packed array with no Packed_Array_Type field set.  */
+	    gcc_assert (!Is_Packed (gnat_entity));
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case E_String_Literal_Subtype:
+      /* Create the type for a string literal.  */
+      {
+	Entity_Id gnat_full_type
+	  = (IN (Ekind (Etype (gnat_entity)), Private_Kind)
+	     && Present (Full_View (Etype (gnat_entity)))
+	     ? Full_View (Etype (gnat_entity)) : Etype (gnat_entity));
+	tree gnu_string_type = get_unpadded_type (gnat_full_type);
+	tree gnu_string_array_type
+	  = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_string_type))));
+	tree gnu_string_index_type
+	  = get_base_type (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE
+				      (TYPE_DOMAIN (gnu_string_array_type))));
+	tree gnu_lower_bound
+	  = convert (gnu_string_index_type,
+		     gnat_to_gnu (String_Literal_Low_Bound (gnat_entity)));
+	tree gnu_length
+	  = UI_To_gnu (String_Literal_Length (gnat_entity),
+		       gnu_string_index_type);
+	tree gnu_upper_bound
+	  = build_binary_op (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_string_index_type,
+			     gnu_lower_bound,
+			     int_const_binop (MINUS_EXPR, gnu_length,
+					      integer_one_node));
+	tree gnu_index_type
+	  = create_index_type (convert (sizetype, gnu_lower_bound),
+			       convert (sizetype, gnu_upper_bound),
+			       create_range_type (gnu_string_index_type,
+						  gnu_lower_bound,
+						  gnu_upper_bound),
+			       gnat_entity);
+
+	gnu_type
+	  = build_nonshared_array_type (gnat_to_gnu_type
+					(Component_Type (gnat_entity)),
+					gnu_index_type);
+	if (array_type_has_nonaliased_component (gnu_type, gnat_entity))
+	  TYPE_NONALIASED_COMPONENT (gnu_type) = 1;
+	relate_alias_sets (gnu_type, gnu_string_type, ALIAS_SET_COPY);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    /* Record Types and Subtypes
+
+       The following fields are defined on record types:
+
+		Has_Discriminants	True if the record has discriminants
+		First_Discriminant      Points to head of list of discriminants
+		First_Entity		Points to head of list of fields
+		Is_Tagged_Type		True if the record is tagged
+
+       Implementation of Ada records and discriminated records:
+
+       A record type definition is transformed into the equivalent of a C
+       struct definition.  The fields that are the discriminants which are
+       found in the Full_Type_Declaration node and the elements of the
+       Component_List found in the Record_Type_Definition node.  The
+       Component_List can be a recursive structure since each Variant of
+       the Variant_Part of the Component_List has a Component_List.
+
+       Processing of a record type definition comprises starting the list of
+       field declarations here from the discriminants and the calling the
+       function components_to_record to add the rest of the fields from the
+       component list and return the gnu type node.  The function
+       components_to_record will call itself recursively as it traverses
+       the tree.  */
+
+    case E_Record_Type:
+      if (Has_Complex_Representation (gnat_entity))
+	{
+	  gnu_type
+	    = build_complex_type
+	      (get_unpadded_type
+	       (Etype (Defining_Entity
+		       (First (Component_Items
+			       (Component_List
+				(Type_Definition
+				 (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity)))))))));
+
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      {
+	Node_Id full_definition = Declaration_Node (gnat_entity);
+	Node_Id record_definition = Type_Definition (full_definition);
+	Node_Id gnat_constr;
+	Entity_Id gnat_field;
+	tree gnu_field, gnu_field_list = NULL_TREE;
+	tree gnu_get_parent;
+	/* Set PACKED in keeping with gnat_to_gnu_field.  */
+	const int packed
+	  = Is_Packed (gnat_entity)
+	    ? 1
+	    : Component_Alignment (gnat_entity) == Calign_Storage_Unit
+	      ? -1
+	      : (Known_Alignment (gnat_entity)
+		 || (Strict_Alignment (gnat_entity)
+		     && Known_RM_Size (gnat_entity)))
+		? -2
+		: 0;
+	const bool has_discr = Has_Discriminants (gnat_entity);
+	const bool has_rep = Has_Specified_Layout (gnat_entity);
+	const bool is_extension
+	  = (Is_Tagged_Type (gnat_entity)
+	     && Nkind (record_definition) == N_Derived_Type_Definition);
+	const bool is_unchecked_union = Is_Unchecked_Union (gnat_entity);
+	bool all_rep = has_rep;
+
+	/* See if all fields have a rep clause.  Stop when we find one
+	   that doesn't.  */
+	if (all_rep)
+	  for (gnat_field = First_Entity (gnat_entity);
+	       Present (gnat_field);
+	       gnat_field = Next_Entity (gnat_field))
+	    if ((Ekind (gnat_field) == E_Component
+		 || Ekind (gnat_field) == E_Discriminant)
+		&& No (Component_Clause (gnat_field)))
+	      {
+		all_rep = false;
+		break;
+	      }
+
+	/* If this is a record extension, go a level further to find the
+	   record definition.  Also, verify we have a Parent_Subtype.  */
+	if (is_extension)
+	  {
+	    if (!type_annotate_only
+		|| Present (Record_Extension_Part (record_definition)))
+	      record_definition = Record_Extension_Part (record_definition);
+
+	    gcc_assert (type_annotate_only
+			|| Present (Parent_Subtype (gnat_entity)));
+	  }
+
+	/* Make a node for the record.  If we are not defining the record,
+	   suppress expanding incomplete types.  */
+	gnu_type = make_node (tree_code_for_record_type (gnat_entity));
+	TYPE_NAME (gnu_type) = gnu_entity_name;
+	TYPE_PACKED (gnu_type) = (packed != 0) || has_rep;
+	if (Reverse_Storage_Order (gnat_entity))
+	  sorry ("non-default Scalar_Storage_Order");
+	process_attributes (&gnu_type, &attr_list, true, gnat_entity);
+
+	if (!definition)
+	  {
+	    defer_incomplete_level++;
+	    this_deferred = true;
+	  }
+
+	/* If both a size and rep clause was specified, put the size in
+	   the record type now so that it can get the proper mode.  */
+	if (has_rep && Known_RM_Size (gnat_entity))
+	  TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)
+	    = UI_To_gnu (RM_Size (gnat_entity), bitsizetype);
+
+	/* Always set the alignment here so that it can be used to
+	   set the mode, if it is making the alignment stricter.  If
+	   it is invalid, it will be checked again below.  If this is to
+	   be Atomic, choose a default alignment of a word unless we know
+	   the size and it's smaller.  */
+	if (Known_Alignment (gnat_entity))
+	  TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type)
+	    = validate_alignment (Alignment (gnat_entity), gnat_entity, 0);
+	else if (Is_Atomic (gnat_entity) && Known_Esize (gnat_entity))
+	  {
+	    unsigned int size = UI_To_Int (Esize (gnat_entity));
+	    TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type)
+	      = size >= BITS_PER_WORD ? BITS_PER_WORD : ceil_pow2 (size);
+	  }
+	/* If a type needs strict alignment, the minimum size will be the
+	   type size instead of the RM size (see validate_size).  Cap the
+	   alignment, lest it causes this type size to become too large.  */
+	else if (Strict_Alignment (gnat_entity) && Known_RM_Size (gnat_entity))
+	  {
+	    unsigned int raw_size = UI_To_Int (RM_Size (gnat_entity));
+	    unsigned int raw_align = raw_size & -raw_size;
+	    if (raw_align < BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT)
+	      TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type) = raw_align;
+	  }
+	else
+	  TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type) = 0;
+
+	/* If we have a Parent_Subtype, make a field for the parent.  If
+	   this record has rep clauses, force the position to zero.  */
+	if (Present (Parent_Subtype (gnat_entity)))
+	  {
+	    Entity_Id gnat_parent = Parent_Subtype (gnat_entity);
+	    tree gnu_dummy_parent_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+	    tree gnu_parent;
+
+	    /* A major complexity here is that the parent subtype will
+	       reference our discriminants in its Stored_Constraint list.
+	       But those must reference the parent component of this record
+	       which is precisely of the parent subtype we have not built yet!
+	       To break the circle we first build a dummy COMPONENT_REF which
+	       represents the "get to the parent" operation and initialize
+	       each of those discriminants to a COMPONENT_REF of the above
+	       dummy parent referencing the corresponding discriminant of the
+	       base type of the parent subtype.  */
+	    gnu_get_parent = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, gnu_dummy_parent_type,
+				     build0 (PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, gnu_type),
+				     build_decl (input_location,
+						 FIELD_DECL, NULL_TREE,
+						 gnu_dummy_parent_type),
+				     NULL_TREE);
+
+	    if (has_discr)
+	      for (gnat_field = First_Stored_Discriminant (gnat_entity);
+		   Present (gnat_field);
+		   gnat_field = Next_Stored_Discriminant (gnat_field))
+		if (Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (gnat_field)))
+		  {
+		    tree gnu_field
+		      = gnat_to_gnu_field_decl (Corresponding_Discriminant
+						(gnat_field));
+		    save_gnu_tree
+		      (gnat_field,
+		       build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (gnu_field),
+			       gnu_get_parent, gnu_field, NULL_TREE),
+		       true);
+		  }
+
+	    /* Then we build the parent subtype.  If it has discriminants but
+	       the type itself has unknown discriminants, this means that it
+	       doesn't contain information about how the discriminants are
+	       derived from those of the ancestor type, so it cannot be used
+	       directly.  Instead it is built by cloning the parent subtype
+	       of the underlying record view of the type, for which the above
+	       derivation of discriminants has been made explicit.  */
+	    if (Has_Discriminants (gnat_parent)
+		&& Has_Unknown_Discriminants (gnat_entity))
+	      {
+		Entity_Id gnat_uview = Underlying_Record_View (gnat_entity);
+
+		/* If we are defining the type, the underlying record
+		   view must already have been elaborated at this point.
+		   Otherwise do it now as its parent subtype cannot be
+		   technically elaborated on its own.  */
+		if (definition)
+		  gcc_assert (present_gnu_tree (gnat_uview));
+		else
+		  gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_uview, NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+		gnu_parent = gnat_to_gnu_type (Parent_Subtype (gnat_uview));
+
+		/* Substitute the "get to the parent" of the type for that
+		   of its underlying record view in the cloned type.  */
+		for (gnat_field = First_Stored_Discriminant (gnat_uview);
+		     Present (gnat_field);
+		     gnat_field = Next_Stored_Discriminant (gnat_field))
+		  if (Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (gnat_field)))
+		    {
+		      tree gnu_field = gnat_to_gnu_field_decl (gnat_field);
+		      tree gnu_ref
+			= build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (gnu_field),
+				  gnu_get_parent, gnu_field, NULL_TREE);
+		      gnu_parent
+			= substitute_in_type (gnu_parent, gnu_field, gnu_ref);
+		    }
+	      }
+	    else
+	      gnu_parent = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_parent);
+
+	    /* Finally we fix up both kinds of twisted COMPONENT_REF we have
+	       initially built.  The discriminants must reference the fields
+	       of the parent subtype and not those of its base type for the
+	       placeholder machinery to properly work.  */
+	    if (has_discr)
+	      {
+		/* The actual parent subtype is the full view.  */
+		if (IN (Ekind (gnat_parent), Private_Kind))
+		  {
+		    if (Present (Full_View (gnat_parent)))
+		      gnat_parent = Full_View (gnat_parent);
+		    else
+		      gnat_parent = Underlying_Full_View (gnat_parent);
+		  }
+
+		for (gnat_field = First_Stored_Discriminant (gnat_entity);
+		     Present (gnat_field);
+		     gnat_field = Next_Stored_Discriminant (gnat_field))
+		  if (Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (gnat_field)))
+		    {
+		      Entity_Id field = Empty;
+		      for (field = First_Stored_Discriminant (gnat_parent);
+			   Present (field);
+			   field = Next_Stored_Discriminant (field))
+			if (same_discriminant_p (gnat_field, field))
+			  break;
+		      gcc_assert (Present (field));
+		      TREE_OPERAND (get_gnu_tree (gnat_field), 1)
+			= gnat_to_gnu_field_decl (field);
+		    }
+	      }
+
+	    /* The "get to the parent" COMPONENT_REF must be given its
+	       proper type...  */
+	    TREE_TYPE (gnu_get_parent) = gnu_parent;
+
+	    /* ...and reference the _Parent field of this record.  */
+	    gnu_field
+	      = create_field_decl (parent_name_id,
+				   gnu_parent, gnu_type,
+				   has_rep
+				   ? TYPE_SIZE (gnu_parent) : NULL_TREE,
+				   has_rep
+				   ? bitsize_zero_node : NULL_TREE,
+				   0, 1);
+	    DECL_INTERNAL_P (gnu_field) = 1;
+	    TREE_OPERAND (gnu_get_parent, 1) = gnu_field;
+	    TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type) = gnu_field;
+	  }
+
+	/* Make the fields for the discriminants and put them into the record
+	   unless it's an Unchecked_Union.  */
+	if (has_discr)
+	  for (gnat_field = First_Stored_Discriminant (gnat_entity);
+	       Present (gnat_field);
+	       gnat_field = Next_Stored_Discriminant (gnat_field))
+	    {
+	      /* If this is a record extension and this discriminant is the
+		 renaming of another discriminant, we've handled it above.  */
+	      if (Present (Parent_Subtype (gnat_entity))
+		  && Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (gnat_field)))
+		continue;
+
+	      gnu_field
+		= gnat_to_gnu_field (gnat_field, gnu_type, packed, definition,
+				     debug_info_p);
+
+	      /* Make an expression using a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR from the
+		 FIELD_DECL node just created and link that with the
+		 corresponding GNAT defining identifier.  */
+	      save_gnu_tree (gnat_field,
+			     build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (gnu_field),
+				     build0 (PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, gnu_type),
+				     gnu_field, NULL_TREE),
+			     true);
+
+	      if (!is_unchecked_union)
+		{
+		  DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field) = gnu_field_list;
+		  gnu_field_list = gnu_field;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	/* If we have a derived untagged type that renames discriminants in
+	   the root type, the (stored) discriminants are a just copy of the
+	   discriminants of the root type.  This means that any constraints
+	   added by the renaming in the derivation are disregarded as far
+	   as the layout of the derived type is concerned.  To rescue them,
+	   we change the type of the (stored) discriminants to a subtype
+	   with the bounds of the type of the visible discriminants.  */
+	if (has_discr
+	    && !is_extension
+	    && Stored_Constraint (gnat_entity) != No_Elist)
+	  for (gnat_constr = First_Elmt (Stored_Constraint (gnat_entity));
+	       gnat_constr != No_Elmt;
+	       gnat_constr = Next_Elmt (gnat_constr))
+	    if (Nkind (Node (gnat_constr)) == N_Identifier
+		/* Ignore access discriminants.  */
+		&& !Is_Access_Type (Etype (Node (gnat_constr)))
+		&& Ekind (Entity (Node (gnat_constr))) == E_Discriminant)
+	      {
+		Entity_Id gnat_discr = Entity (Node (gnat_constr));
+		tree gnu_discr_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_discr));
+		tree gnu_ref
+		  = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Original_Record_Component (gnat_discr),
+					NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+		/* GNU_REF must be an expression using a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR built
+		   just above for one of the stored discriminants.  */
+		gcc_assert (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_ref, 0)) == gnu_type);
+
+		if (gnu_discr_type != TREE_TYPE (gnu_ref))
+		  {
+		    const unsigned prec = TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ref));
+		    tree gnu_subtype
+		      = TYPE_UNSIGNED (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ref))
+		        ? make_unsigned_type (prec) : make_signed_type (prec);
+		    TREE_TYPE (gnu_subtype) = TREE_TYPE (gnu_ref);
+		    TYPE_EXTRA_SUBTYPE_P (gnu_subtype) = 1;
+		    SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (gnu_subtype,
+					   TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_discr_type));
+		    SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (gnu_subtype,
+					   TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_discr_type));
+		    TREE_TYPE (gnu_ref)
+		      = TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_ref, 1)) = gnu_subtype;
+		  }
+	      }
+
+	/* Add the fields into the record type and finish it up.  */
+	components_to_record (gnu_type, Component_List (record_definition),
+			      gnu_field_list, packed, definition, false,
+			      all_rep, is_unchecked_union,
+			      !Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity), debug_info_p,
+			      false, OK_To_Reorder_Components (gnat_entity),
+			      all_rep ? NULL_TREE : bitsize_zero_node, NULL);
+
+	/* If it is passed by reference, force BLKmode to ensure that objects
+	   of this type will always be put in memory.  */
+	if (TYPE_MODE (gnu_type) != BLKmode
+	    && Is_By_Reference_Type (gnat_entity))
+	  SET_TYPE_MODE (gnu_type, BLKmode);
+
+	/* We used to remove the associations of the discriminants and _Parent
+	   for validity checking but we may need them if there's a Freeze_Node
+	   for a subtype used in this record.  */
+	TYPE_VOLATILE (gnu_type) = Treat_As_Volatile (gnat_entity);
+
+	/* Fill in locations of fields.  */
+	annotate_rep (gnat_entity, gnu_type);
+
+	/* If there are any entities in the chain corresponding to components
+	   that we did not elaborate, ensure we elaborate their types if they
+	   are Itypes.  */
+	for (gnat_temp = First_Entity (gnat_entity);
+	     Present (gnat_temp);
+	     gnat_temp = Next_Entity (gnat_temp))
+	  if ((Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Component
+	       || Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Discriminant)
+	      && Is_Itype (Etype (gnat_temp))
+	      && !present_gnu_tree (gnat_temp))
+	    gnat_to_gnu_entity (Etype (gnat_temp), NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+	/* If this is a record type associated with an exception definition,
+	   equate its fields to those of the standard exception type.  This
+	   will make it possible to convert between them.  */
+	if (gnu_entity_name == exception_data_name_id)
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_std_field;
+	    for (gnu_field = TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type),
+		 gnu_std_field = TYPE_FIELDS (except_type_node);
+		 gnu_field;
+		 gnu_field = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field),
+		 gnu_std_field = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_std_field))
+	      SET_DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD_TO_FIELD (gnu_field, gnu_std_field);
+	    gcc_assert (!gnu_std_field);
+	  }
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case E_Class_Wide_Subtype:
+      /* If an equivalent type is present, that is what we should use.
+	 Otherwise, fall through to handle this like a record subtype
+	 since it may have constraints.  */
+      if (gnat_equiv_type != gnat_entity)
+	{
+	  gnu_decl = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_equiv_type, NULL_TREE, 0);
+	  maybe_present = true;
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case E_Record_Subtype:
+      /* If Cloned_Subtype is Present it means this record subtype has
+	 identical layout to that type or subtype and we should use
+	 that GCC type for this one.  The front end guarantees that
+	 the component list is shared.  */
+      if (Present (Cloned_Subtype (gnat_entity)))
+	{
+	  gnu_decl = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Cloned_Subtype (gnat_entity),
+					 NULL_TREE, 0);
+	  maybe_present = true;
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* Otherwise, first ensure the base type is elaborated.  Then, if we are
+	 changing the type, make a new type with each field having the type of
+	 the field in the new subtype but the position computed by transforming
+	 every discriminant reference according to the constraints.  We don't
+	 see any difference between private and non-private type here since
+	 derivations from types should have been deferred until the completion
+	 of the private type.  */
+      else
+	{
+	  Entity_Id gnat_base_type = Implementation_Base_Type (gnat_entity);
+	  tree gnu_base_type;
+
+	  if (!definition)
+	    {
+	      defer_incomplete_level++;
+	      this_deferred = true;
+	    }
+
+	  gnu_base_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_base_type);
+
+	  if (present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity))
+	    {
+	      maybe_present = true;
+	      break;
+	    }
+
+	  /* If this is a record subtype associated with a dispatch table,
+	     strip the suffix.  This is necessary to make sure 2 different
+	     subtypes associated with the imported and exported views of a
+	     dispatch table are properly merged in LTO mode.  */
+	  if (Is_Dispatch_Table_Entity (gnat_entity))
+	    {
+	      char *p;
+	      Get_Encoded_Name (gnat_entity);
+	      p = strchr (Name_Buffer, '_');
+	      gcc_assert (p);
+	      strcpy (p+2, "dtS");
+	      gnu_entity_name = get_identifier (Name_Buffer);
+	    }
+
+	  /* When the subtype has discriminants and these discriminants affect
+	     the initial shape it has inherited, factor them in.  But for an
+	     Unchecked_Union (it must be an Itype), just return the type.
+	     We can't just test Is_Constrained because private subtypes without
+	     discriminants of types with discriminants with default expressions
+	     are Is_Constrained but aren't constrained!  */
+	  if (IN (Ekind (gnat_base_type), Record_Kind)
+	      && !Is_Unchecked_Union (gnat_base_type)
+	      && !Is_For_Access_Subtype (gnat_entity)
+	      && Has_Discriminants (gnat_entity)
+	      && Is_Constrained (gnat_entity)
+	      && Stored_Constraint (gnat_entity) != No_Elist)
+	    {
+	      vec<subst_pair> gnu_subst_list
+		= build_subst_list (gnat_entity, gnat_base_type, definition);
+	      tree gnu_unpad_base_type, gnu_rep_part, gnu_variant_part;
+	      tree gnu_pos_list, gnu_field_list = NULL_TREE;
+	      bool selected_variant = false, all_constant_pos = true;
+	      Entity_Id gnat_field;
+	      vec<variant_desc> gnu_variant_list;
+
+	      gnu_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+	      TYPE_NAME (gnu_type) = gnu_entity_name;
+	      TYPE_PACKED (gnu_type) = TYPE_PACKED (gnu_base_type);
+	      process_attributes (&gnu_type, &attr_list, true, gnat_entity);
+
+	      /* Set the size, alignment and alias set of the new type to
+		 match that of the old one, doing required substitutions.  */
+	      copy_and_substitute_in_size (gnu_type, gnu_base_type,
+					   gnu_subst_list);
+
+	      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_base_type))
+		gnu_unpad_base_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_base_type));
+	      else
+		gnu_unpad_base_type = gnu_base_type;
+
+	      /* Look for REP and variant parts in the base type.  */
+	      gnu_rep_part = get_rep_part (gnu_unpad_base_type);
+	      gnu_variant_part = get_variant_part (gnu_unpad_base_type);
+
+	      /* If there is a variant part, we must compute whether the
+		 constraints statically select a particular variant.  If
+		 so, we simply drop the qualified union and flatten the
+		 list of fields.  Otherwise we'll build a new qualified
+		 union for the variants that are still relevant.  */
+	      if (gnu_variant_part)
+		{
+		  variant_desc *v;
+		  unsigned int i;
+
+		  gnu_variant_list
+		    = build_variant_list (TREE_TYPE (gnu_variant_part),
+					  gnu_subst_list,
+					  vNULL);
+
+		  /* If all the qualifiers are unconditionally true, the
+		     innermost variant is statically selected.  */
+		  selected_variant = true;
+		  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (gnu_variant_list, i, v)
+		    if (!integer_onep (v->qual))
+		      {
+			selected_variant = false;
+			break;
+		      }
+
+		  /* Otherwise, create the new variants.  */
+		  if (!selected_variant)
+		    FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (gnu_variant_list, i, v)
+		      {
+			tree old_variant = v->type;
+			tree new_variant = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+			tree suffix
+			  = concat_name (DECL_NAME (gnu_variant_part),
+					 IDENTIFIER_POINTER
+					 (DECL_NAME (v->field)));
+			TYPE_NAME (new_variant)
+			  = concat_name (TYPE_NAME (gnu_type),
+					 IDENTIFIER_POINTER (suffix));
+			copy_and_substitute_in_size (new_variant, old_variant,
+						     gnu_subst_list);
+			v->new_type = new_variant;
+		      }
+		}
+	      else
+		{
+		  gnu_variant_list.create (0);
+		  selected_variant = false;
+		}
+
+	      /* Make a list of fields and their position in the base type.  */
+	      gnu_pos_list
+		= build_position_list (gnu_unpad_base_type,
+				       gnu_variant_list.exists ()
+				       && !selected_variant,
+				       size_zero_node, bitsize_zero_node,
+				       BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT, NULL_TREE);
+
+	      /* Now go down every component in the subtype and compute its
+		 size and position from those of the component in the base
+		 type and from the constraints of the subtype.  */
+	      for (gnat_field = First_Entity (gnat_entity);
+		   Present (gnat_field);
+		   gnat_field = Next_Entity (gnat_field))
+		if ((Ekind (gnat_field) == E_Component
+		     || Ekind (gnat_field) == E_Discriminant)
+		    && !(Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (gnat_field))
+			 && Is_Tagged_Type (gnat_base_type))
+		    && Underlying_Type
+		       (Scope (Original_Record_Component (gnat_field)))
+		       == gnat_base_type)
+		  {
+		    Name_Id gnat_name = Chars (gnat_field);
+		    Entity_Id gnat_old_field
+		      = Original_Record_Component (gnat_field);
+		    tree gnu_old_field
+		      = gnat_to_gnu_field_decl (gnat_old_field);
+		    tree gnu_context = DECL_CONTEXT (gnu_old_field);
+		    tree gnu_field, gnu_field_type, gnu_size, gnu_pos;
+		    tree gnu_cont_type, gnu_last = NULL_TREE;
+
+		    /* If the type is the same, retrieve the GCC type from the
+		       old field to take into account possible adjustments.  */
+		    if (Etype (gnat_field) == Etype (gnat_old_field))
+		      gnu_field_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_old_field);
+		    else
+		      gnu_field_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_field));
+
+		    /* If there was a component clause, the field types must be
+		       the same for the type and subtype, so copy the data from
+		       the old field to avoid recomputation here.  Also if the
+		       field is justified modular and the optimization in
+		       gnat_to_gnu_field was applied.  */
+		    if (Present (Component_Clause (gnat_old_field))
+			|| (TREE_CODE (gnu_field_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+			    && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (gnu_field_type)
+			    && TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_field_type))
+			       == TREE_TYPE (gnu_old_field)))
+		      {
+			gnu_size = DECL_SIZE (gnu_old_field);
+			gnu_field_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_old_field);
+		      }
+
+		    /* If the old field was packed and of constant size, we
+		       have to get the old size here, as it might differ from
+		       what the Etype conveys and the latter might overlap
+		       onto the following field.  Try to arrange the type for
+		       possible better packing along the way.  */
+		    else if (DECL_PACKED (gnu_old_field)
+			     && TREE_CODE (DECL_SIZE (gnu_old_field))
+			        == INTEGER_CST)
+		      {
+			gnu_size = DECL_SIZE (gnu_old_field);
+			if (RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (gnu_field_type)
+			    && !TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_field_type)
+			    && tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type)))
+			  gnu_field_type
+			    = make_packable_type (gnu_field_type, true);
+		      }
+
+		    else
+		      gnu_size = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type);
+
+		    /* If the context of the old field is the base type or its
+		       REP part (if any), put the field directly in the new
+		       type; otherwise look up the context in the variant list
+		       and put the field either in the new type if there is a
+		       selected variant or in one of the new variants.  */
+		    if (gnu_context == gnu_unpad_base_type
+		        || (gnu_rep_part
+			    && gnu_context == TREE_TYPE (gnu_rep_part)))
+		      gnu_cont_type = gnu_type;
+		    else
+		      {
+			variant_desc *v;
+			unsigned int i;
+			tree rep_part;
+
+			FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (gnu_variant_list, i, v)
+			  if (gnu_context == v->type
+			      || ((rep_part = get_rep_part (v->type))
+				  && gnu_context == TREE_TYPE (rep_part)))
+			    break;
+			if (v)
+			  {
+			    if (selected_variant)
+			      gnu_cont_type = gnu_type;
+			    else
+			      gnu_cont_type = v->new_type;
+			  }
+			else
+			  /* The front-end may pass us "ghost" components if
+			     it fails to recognize that a constrained subtype
+			     is statically constrained.  Discard them.  */
+			  continue;
+		      }
+
+		    /* Now create the new field modeled on the old one.  */
+		    gnu_field
+		      = create_field_decl_from (gnu_old_field, gnu_field_type,
+						gnu_cont_type, gnu_size,
+						gnu_pos_list, gnu_subst_list);
+		    gnu_pos = DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (gnu_field);
+
+		    /* Put it in one of the new variants directly.  */
+		    if (gnu_cont_type != gnu_type)
+		      {
+			DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field) = TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_cont_type);
+			TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_cont_type) = gnu_field;
+		      }
+
+		    /* To match the layout crafted in components_to_record,
+		       if this is the _Tag or _Parent field, put it before
+		       any other fields.  */
+		    else if (gnat_name == Name_uTag
+			     || gnat_name == Name_uParent)
+		      gnu_field_list = chainon (gnu_field_list, gnu_field);
+
+		    /* Similarly, if this is the _Controller field, put
+		       it before the other fields except for the _Tag or
+		       _Parent field.  */
+		    else if (gnat_name == Name_uController && gnu_last)
+		      {
+			DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field) = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_last);
+			DECL_CHAIN (gnu_last) = gnu_field;
+		      }
+
+		    /* Otherwise, if this is a regular field, put it after
+		       the other fields.  */
+		    else
+		      {
+			DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field) = gnu_field_list;
+			gnu_field_list = gnu_field;
+			if (!gnu_last)
+			  gnu_last = gnu_field;
+			if (TREE_CODE (gnu_pos) != INTEGER_CST)
+			  all_constant_pos = false;
+		      }
+
+		    save_gnu_tree (gnat_field, gnu_field, false);
+		  }
+
+	      /* If there is a variant list, a selected variant and the fields
+		 all have a constant position, put them in order of increasing
+		 position to match that of constant CONSTRUCTORs.  Likewise if
+		 there is no variant list but a REP part, since the latter has
+		 been flattened in the process.  */
+	      if (((gnu_variant_list.exists () && selected_variant)
+		   || (!gnu_variant_list.exists () && gnu_rep_part))
+		  && all_constant_pos)
+		{
+		  const int len = list_length (gnu_field_list);
+		  tree *field_arr = XALLOCAVEC (tree, len), t;
+		  int i;
+
+		  for (t = gnu_field_list, i = 0; t; t = DECL_CHAIN (t), i++)
+		    field_arr[i] = t;
+
+		  qsort (field_arr, len, sizeof (tree), compare_field_bitpos);
+
+		  gnu_field_list = NULL_TREE;
+		  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		    {
+		      DECL_CHAIN (field_arr[i]) = gnu_field_list;
+		      gnu_field_list = field_arr[i];
+		    }
+		}
+
+	      /* If there is a variant list and no selected variant, we need
+		 to create the nest of variant parts from the old nest.  */
+	      else if (gnu_variant_list.exists () && !selected_variant)
+		{
+		  tree new_variant_part
+		    = create_variant_part_from (gnu_variant_part,
+						gnu_variant_list, gnu_type,
+						gnu_pos_list, gnu_subst_list);
+		  DECL_CHAIN (new_variant_part) = gnu_field_list;
+		  gnu_field_list = new_variant_part;
+		}
+
+	      /* Now go through the entities again looking for Itypes that
+		 we have not elaborated but should (e.g., Etypes of fields
+		 that have Original_Components).  */
+	      for (gnat_field = First_Entity (gnat_entity);
+		   Present (gnat_field); gnat_field = Next_Entity (gnat_field))
+		if ((Ekind (gnat_field) == E_Discriminant
+		     || Ekind (gnat_field) == E_Component)
+		    && !present_gnu_tree (Etype (gnat_field)))
+		  gnat_to_gnu_entity (Etype (gnat_field), NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+	      /* Do not emit debug info for the type yet since we're going to
+		 modify it below.  */
+	      finish_record_type (gnu_type, nreverse (gnu_field_list), 2,
+				  false);
+	      compute_record_mode (gnu_type);
+
+	      /* See the E_Record_Type case for the rationale.  */
+	      if (TYPE_MODE (gnu_type) != BLKmode
+		  && Is_By_Reference_Type (gnat_entity))
+		SET_TYPE_MODE (gnu_type, BLKmode);
+
+	      TYPE_VOLATILE (gnu_type) = Treat_As_Volatile (gnat_entity);
+
+	      /* Fill in locations of fields.  */
+	      annotate_rep (gnat_entity, gnu_type);
+
+	      /* If debugging information is being written for the type, write
+		 a record that shows what we are a subtype of and also make a
+		 variable that indicates our size, if still variable.  */
+	      if (debug_info_p)
+		{
+		  tree gnu_subtype_marker = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+		  tree gnu_unpad_base_name = TYPE_NAME (gnu_unpad_base_type);
+		  tree gnu_size_unit = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type);
+
+		  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_unpad_base_name) == TYPE_DECL)
+		    gnu_unpad_base_name = DECL_NAME (gnu_unpad_base_name);
+
+		  TYPE_NAME (gnu_subtype_marker)
+		    = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "XVS");
+		  finish_record_type (gnu_subtype_marker,
+				      create_field_decl (gnu_unpad_base_name,
+							 build_reference_type
+							 (gnu_unpad_base_type),
+							 gnu_subtype_marker,
+							 NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE,
+							 0, 0),
+				      0, true);
+
+		  add_parallel_type (gnu_type, gnu_subtype_marker);
+
+		  if (definition
+		      && TREE_CODE (gnu_size_unit) != INTEGER_CST
+		      && !CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (gnu_size_unit))
+		    TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_subtype_marker)
+		      = create_var_decl (create_concat_name (gnat_entity,
+							     "XVZ"),
+					 NULL_TREE, sizetype, gnu_size_unit,
+					 false, false, false, false, NULL,
+					 gnat_entity);
+		}
+
+	      gnu_variant_list.release ();
+	      gnu_subst_list.release ();
+
+	      /* Now we can finalize it.  */
+	      rest_of_record_type_compilation (gnu_type);
+	    }
+
+	  /* Otherwise, go down all the components in the new type and make
+	     them equivalent to those in the base type.  */
+	  else
+	    {
+	      gnu_type = gnu_base_type;
+
+	      for (gnat_temp = First_Entity (gnat_entity);
+		   Present (gnat_temp);
+		   gnat_temp = Next_Entity (gnat_temp))
+		if ((Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Discriminant
+		     && !Is_Unchecked_Union (gnat_base_type))
+		    || Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Component)
+		  save_gnu_tree (gnat_temp,
+				 gnat_to_gnu_field_decl
+				 (Original_Record_Component (gnat_temp)),
+				 false);
+	    }
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case E_Access_Subprogram_Type:
+      /* Use the special descriptor type for dispatch tables if needed,
+	 that is to say for the Prim_Ptr of a-tags.ads and its clones.
+	 Note that we are only required to do so for static tables in
+	 order to be compatible with the C++ ABI, but Ada 2005 allows
+	 to extend library level tagged types at the local level so
+	 we do it in the non-static case as well.  */
+      if (TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS
+	  && Is_Dispatch_Table_Entity (gnat_entity))
+	{
+	    gnu_type = fdesc_type_node;
+	    gnu_size = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type);
+	    break;
+	}
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case E_Anonymous_Access_Subprogram_Type:
+      /* If we are not defining this entity, and we have incomplete
+	 entities being processed above us, make a dummy type and
+	 fill it in later.  */
+      if (!definition && defer_incomplete_level != 0)
+	{
+	  struct incomplete *p = XNEW (struct incomplete);
+
+	  gnu_type
+	    = build_pointer_type
+	      (make_dummy_type (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity)));
+	  gnu_decl = create_type_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_type,
+				       !Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity),
+				       debug_info_p, gnat_entity);
+	  this_made_decl = true;
+	  gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl);
+	  save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, gnu_decl, false);
+	  saved = true;
+
+	  p->old_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_type);
+	  p->full_type = Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity);
+	  p->next = defer_incomplete_list;
+	  defer_incomplete_list = p;
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case E_Allocator_Type:
+    case E_Access_Type:
+    case E_Access_Attribute_Type:
+    case E_Anonymous_Access_Type:
+    case E_General_Access_Type:
+      {
+	/* The designated type and its equivalent type for gigi.  */
+	Entity_Id gnat_desig_type = Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity);
+	Entity_Id gnat_desig_equiv = Gigi_Equivalent_Type (gnat_desig_type);
+	/* Whether it comes from a limited with.  */
+	bool is_from_limited_with
+	  = (IN (Ekind (gnat_desig_equiv), Incomplete_Kind)
+	     && From_Limited_With (gnat_desig_equiv));
+	/* The "full view" of the designated type.  If this is an incomplete
+	   entity from a limited with, treat its non-limited view as the full
+	   view.  Otherwise, if this is an incomplete or private type, use the
+	   full view.  In the former case, we might point to a private type,
+	   in which case, we need its full view.  Also, we want to look at the
+	   actual type used for the representation, so this takes a total of
+	   three steps.  */
+	Entity_Id gnat_desig_full_direct_first
+	  = (is_from_limited_with
+	     ? Non_Limited_View (gnat_desig_equiv)
+	     : (IN (Ekind (gnat_desig_equiv), Incomplete_Or_Private_Kind)
+		? Full_View (gnat_desig_equiv) : Empty));
+	Entity_Id gnat_desig_full_direct
+	  = ((is_from_limited_with
+	      && Present (gnat_desig_full_direct_first)
+	      && IN (Ekind (gnat_desig_full_direct_first), Private_Kind))
+	     ? Full_View (gnat_desig_full_direct_first)
+	     : gnat_desig_full_direct_first);
+	Entity_Id gnat_desig_full
+	  = Gigi_Equivalent_Type (gnat_desig_full_direct);
+	/* The type actually used to represent the designated type, either
+	   gnat_desig_full or gnat_desig_equiv.  */
+	Entity_Id gnat_desig_rep;
+	/* True if this is a pointer to an unconstrained array.  */
+	bool is_unconstrained_array;
+	/* We want to know if we'll be seeing the freeze node for any
+	   incomplete type we may be pointing to.  */
+	bool in_main_unit
+	  = (Present (gnat_desig_full)
+	     ? In_Extended_Main_Code_Unit (gnat_desig_full)
+	     : In_Extended_Main_Code_Unit (gnat_desig_type));
+	/* True if we make a dummy type here.  */
+	bool made_dummy = false;
+	/* The mode to be used for the pointer type.  */
+	enum machine_mode p_mode = mode_for_size (esize, MODE_INT, 0);
+	/* The GCC type used for the designated type.  */
+	tree gnu_desig_type = NULL_TREE;
+
+	if (!targetm.valid_pointer_mode (p_mode))
+	  p_mode = ptr_mode;
+
+	/* If either the designated type or its full view is an unconstrained
+	   array subtype, replace it with the type it's a subtype of.  This
+	   avoids problems with multiple copies of unconstrained array types.
+	   Likewise, if the designated type is a subtype of an incomplete
+	   record type, use the parent type to avoid order of elaboration
+	   issues.  This can lose some code efficiency, but there is no
+	   alternative.  */
+	if (Ekind (gnat_desig_equiv) == E_Array_Subtype
+	    && !Is_Constrained (gnat_desig_equiv))
+	  gnat_desig_equiv = Etype (gnat_desig_equiv);
+	if (Present (gnat_desig_full)
+	    && ((Ekind (gnat_desig_full) == E_Array_Subtype
+		 && !Is_Constrained (gnat_desig_full))
+		|| (Ekind (gnat_desig_full) == E_Record_Subtype
+		    && Ekind (Etype (gnat_desig_full)) == E_Record_Type)))
+	  gnat_desig_full = Etype (gnat_desig_full);
+
+	/* Set the type that's actually the representation of the designated
+	   type and also flag whether we have a unconstrained array.  */
+	gnat_desig_rep
+	  = Present (gnat_desig_full) ? gnat_desig_full : gnat_desig_equiv;
+	is_unconstrained_array
+	  = Is_Array_Type (gnat_desig_rep) && !Is_Constrained (gnat_desig_rep);
+
+	/* If we are pointing to an incomplete type whose completion is an
+	   unconstrained array, make dummy fat and thin pointer types to it.
+	   Likewise if the type itself is dummy or an unconstrained array.  */
+	if (is_unconstrained_array
+	    && (Present (gnat_desig_full)
+		|| (present_gnu_tree (gnat_desig_equiv)
+		    && TYPE_IS_DUMMY_P
+		       (TREE_TYPE (get_gnu_tree (gnat_desig_equiv))))
+		|| (!in_main_unit
+		    && defer_incomplete_level != 0
+		    && !present_gnu_tree (gnat_desig_equiv))
+		|| (in_main_unit
+		    && is_from_limited_with
+		    && Present (Freeze_Node (gnat_desig_equiv)))))
+	  {
+	    if (present_gnu_tree (gnat_desig_rep))
+	      gnu_desig_type = TREE_TYPE (get_gnu_tree (gnat_desig_rep));
+	    else
+	      {
+		gnu_desig_type = make_dummy_type (gnat_desig_rep);
+		made_dummy = true;
+	      }
+
+	    /* If the call above got something that has a pointer, the pointer
+	       is our type.  This could have happened either because the type
+	       was elaborated or because somebody else executed the code.  */
+	    if (!TYPE_POINTER_TO (gnu_desig_type))
+	      build_dummy_unc_pointer_types (gnat_desig_equiv, gnu_desig_type);
+	    gnu_type = TYPE_POINTER_TO (gnu_desig_type);
+	  }
+
+	/* If we already know what the full type is, use it.  */
+	else if (Present (gnat_desig_full)
+		 && present_gnu_tree (gnat_desig_full))
+	  gnu_desig_type = TREE_TYPE (get_gnu_tree (gnat_desig_full));
+
+	/* Get the type of the thing we are to point to and build a pointer to
+	   it.  If it is a reference to an incomplete or private type with a
+	   full view that is a record, make a dummy type node and get the
+	   actual type later when we have verified it is safe.  */
+	else if ((!in_main_unit
+		  && !present_gnu_tree (gnat_desig_equiv)
+		  && Present (gnat_desig_full)
+		  && !present_gnu_tree (gnat_desig_full)
+		  && Is_Record_Type (gnat_desig_full))
+		 /* Likewise if we are pointing to a record or array and we are
+		    to defer elaborating incomplete types.  We do this as this
+		    access type may be the full view of a private type.  Note
+		    that the unconstrained array case is handled above.  */
+		 || ((!in_main_unit || imported_p)
+		     && defer_incomplete_level != 0
+		     && !present_gnu_tree (gnat_desig_equiv)
+		     && (Is_Record_Type (gnat_desig_rep)
+			 || Is_Array_Type (gnat_desig_rep)))
+		 /* If this is a reference from a limited_with type back to our
+		    main unit and there's a freeze node for it, either we have
+		    already processed the declaration and made the dummy type,
+		    in which case we just reuse the latter, or we have not yet,
+		    in which case we make the dummy type and it will be reused
+		    when the declaration is finally processed.  In both cases,
+		    the pointer eventually created below will be automatically
+		    adjusted when the freeze node is processed.  Note that the
+		    unconstrained array case is handled above.  */
+		 ||  (in_main_unit
+		      && is_from_limited_with
+		      && Present (Freeze_Node (gnat_desig_rep))))
+	  {
+	    gnu_desig_type = make_dummy_type (gnat_desig_equiv);
+	    made_dummy = true;
+	  }
+
+	/* Otherwise handle the case of a pointer to itself.  */
+	else if (gnat_desig_equiv == gnat_entity)
+	  {
+	    gnu_type
+	      = build_pointer_type_for_mode (void_type_node, p_mode,
+					     No_Strict_Aliasing (gnat_entity));
+	    TREE_TYPE (gnu_type) = TYPE_POINTER_TO (gnu_type) = gnu_type;
+	  }
+
+	/* If expansion is disabled, the equivalent type of a concurrent type
+	   is absent, so build a dummy pointer type.  */
+	else if (type_annotate_only && No (gnat_desig_equiv))
+	  gnu_type = ptr_void_type_node;
+
+	/* Finally, handle the default case where we can just elaborate our
+	   designated type.  */
+	else
+	  gnu_desig_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_desig_equiv);
+
+	/* It is possible that a call to gnat_to_gnu_type above resolved our
+	   type.  If so, just return it.  */
+	if (present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity))
+	  {
+	    maybe_present = true;
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* If we haven't done it yet, build the pointer type the usual way.  */
+	if (!gnu_type)
+	  {
+	    /* Modify the designated type if we are pointing only to constant
+	       objects, but don't do it for unconstrained arrays.  */
+	    if (Is_Access_Constant (gnat_entity)
+		&& TREE_CODE (gnu_desig_type) != UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+	      {
+		gnu_desig_type
+		  = build_qualified_type
+		    (gnu_desig_type,
+		     TYPE_QUALS (gnu_desig_type) | TYPE_QUAL_CONST);
+
+		/* Some extra processing is required if we are building a
+		   pointer to an incomplete type (in the GCC sense).  We might
+		   have such a type if we just made a dummy, or directly out
+		   of the call to gnat_to_gnu_type above if we are processing
+		   an access type for a record component designating the
+		   record type itself.  */
+		if (TYPE_MODE (gnu_desig_type) == VOIDmode)
+		  {
+		    /* We must ensure that the pointer to variant we make will
+		       be processed by update_pointer_to when the initial type
+		       is completed.  Pretend we made a dummy and let further
+		       processing act as usual.  */
+		    made_dummy = true;
+
+		    /* We must ensure that update_pointer_to will not retrieve
+		       the dummy variant when building a properly qualified
+		       version of the complete type.  We take advantage of the
+		       fact that get_qualified_type is requiring TYPE_NAMEs to
+		       match to influence build_qualified_type and then also
+		       update_pointer_to here.  */
+		    TYPE_NAME (gnu_desig_type)
+		      = create_concat_name (gnat_desig_type, "INCOMPLETE_CST");
+		  }
+	      }
+
+	    gnu_type
+	      = build_pointer_type_for_mode (gnu_desig_type, p_mode,
+					     No_Strict_Aliasing (gnat_entity));
+	  }
+
+	/* If we are not defining this object and we have made a dummy pointer,
+	   save our current definition, evaluate the actual type, and replace
+	   the tentative type we made with the actual one.  If we are to defer
+	   actually looking up the actual type, make an entry in the deferred
+	   list.  If this is from a limited with, we may have to defer to the
+	   end of the current unit.  */
+	if ((!in_main_unit || is_from_limited_with) && made_dummy)
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_old_desig_type;
+
+	    if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_type))
+	      {
+		gnu_old_desig_type = TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (gnu_type);
+		if (esize == POINTER_SIZE)
+		  gnu_type = build_pointer_type
+			     (TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE (gnu_old_desig_type));
+	      }
+	    else
+	      gnu_old_desig_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_type);
+
+	    process_attributes (&gnu_type, &attr_list, false, gnat_entity);
+	    gnu_decl = create_type_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_type,
+					 !Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity),
+					 debug_info_p, gnat_entity);
+	    this_made_decl = true;
+	    gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl);
+	    save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, gnu_decl, false);
+	    saved = true;
+
+	    /* Note that the call to gnat_to_gnu_type on gnat_desig_equiv might
+	       update gnu_old_desig_type directly, in which case it will not be
+	       a dummy type any more when we get into update_pointer_to.
+
+	       This can happen e.g. when the designated type is a record type,
+	       because their elaboration starts with an initial node from
+	       make_dummy_type, which may be the same node as the one we got.
+
+	       Besides, variants of this non-dummy type might have been created
+	       along the way.  update_pointer_to is expected to properly take
+	       care of those situations.  */
+	    if (defer_incomplete_level == 0 && !is_from_limited_with)
+	      {
+		update_pointer_to (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (gnu_old_desig_type),
+				   gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_desig_equiv));
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		struct incomplete *p = XNEW (struct incomplete);
+		struct incomplete **head
+		  = (is_from_limited_with
+		     ? &defer_limited_with : &defer_incomplete_list);
+		p->old_type = gnu_old_desig_type;
+		p->full_type = gnat_desig_equiv;
+		p->next = *head;
+		*head = p;
+	      }
+	  }
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case E_Access_Protected_Subprogram_Type:
+    case E_Anonymous_Access_Protected_Subprogram_Type:
+      if (type_annotate_only && No (gnat_equiv_type))
+	gnu_type = ptr_void_type_node;
+      else
+	{
+	  /* The run-time representation is the equivalent type.  */
+	  gnu_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_equiv_type);
+	  maybe_present = true;
+	}
+
+      if (Is_Itype (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity))
+	  && !present_gnu_tree (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity))
+	  && No (Freeze_Node (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity)))
+	  && !Is_Record_Type (Scope (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity))))
+	gnat_to_gnu_entity (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity),
+			    NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+      break;
+
+    case E_Access_Subtype:
+
+      /* We treat this as identical to its base type; any constraint is
+	 meaningful only to the front-end.
+
+	 The designated type must be elaborated as well, if it does
+	 not have its own freeze node.  Designated (sub)types created
+	 for constrained components of records with discriminants are
+	 not frozen by the front-end and thus not elaborated by gigi,
+	 because their use may appear before the base type is frozen,
+	 and because it is not clear that they are needed anywhere in
+	 gigi.  With the current model, there is no correct place where
+	 they could be elaborated.  */
+
+      gnu_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_entity));
+      if (Is_Itype (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity))
+	  && !present_gnu_tree (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity))
+	  && Is_Frozen (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity))
+	  && No (Freeze_Node (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity))))
+	{
+	  /* If we are not defining this entity, and we have incomplete
+	     entities being processed above us, make a dummy type and
+	     elaborate it later.  */
+	  if (!definition && defer_incomplete_level != 0)
+	    {
+	      struct incomplete *p = XNEW (struct incomplete);
+
+	      p->old_type
+		= make_dummy_type (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity));
+	      p->full_type = Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity);
+	      p->next = defer_incomplete_list;
+	      defer_incomplete_list = p;
+	    }
+	  else if (!IN (Ekind (Base_Type
+			       (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity))),
+		        Incomplete_Or_Private_Kind))
+	    gnat_to_gnu_entity (Directly_Designated_Type (gnat_entity),
+				NULL_TREE, 0);
+	}
+
+      maybe_present = true;
+      break;
+
+    /* Subprogram Entities
+
+       The following access functions are defined for subprograms:
+
+		Etype       	Return type or Standard_Void_Type.
+		First_Formal	The first formal parameter.
+		Is_Imported     Indicates that the subprogram has appeared in
+				an INTERFACE or IMPORT pragma.  For now we
+				assume that the external language is C.
+		Is_Exported     Likewise but for an EXPORT pragma.
+		Is_Inlined      True if the subprogram is to be inlined.
+
+       Each parameter is first checked by calling must_pass_by_ref on its
+       type to determine if it is passed by reference.  For parameters which
+       are copied in, if they are Ada In Out or Out parameters, their return
+       value becomes part of a record which becomes the return type of the
+       function (C function - note that this applies only to Ada procedures
+       so there is no Ada return type).  Additional code to store back the
+       parameters will be generated on the caller side.  This transformation
+       is done here, not in the front-end.
+
+       The intended result of the transformation can be seen from the
+       equivalent source rewritings that follow:
+
+						struct temp {int a,b};
+       procedure P (A,B: In Out ...) is		temp P (int A,B)
+       begin					{
+	 ..					  ..
+       end P;					  return {A,B};
+						}
+
+						temp t;
+       P(X,Y);					t = P(X,Y);
+						X = t.a , Y = t.b;
+
+       For subprogram types we need to perform mainly the same conversions to
+       GCC form that are needed for procedures and function declarations.  The
+       only difference is that at the end, we make a type declaration instead
+       of a function declaration.  */
+
+    case E_Subprogram_Type:
+    case E_Function:
+    case E_Procedure:
+      {
+	/* The type returned by a function or else Standard_Void_Type for a
+	   procedure.  */
+	Entity_Id gnat_return_type = Etype (gnat_entity);
+	tree gnu_return_type;
+	/* The first GCC parameter declaration (a PARM_DECL node).  The
+	   PARM_DECL nodes are chained through the DECL_CHAIN field, so this
+	   actually is the head of this parameter list.  */
+	tree gnu_param_list = NULL_TREE;
+	/* Likewise for the stub associated with an exported procedure.  */
+	tree gnu_stub_param_list = NULL_TREE;
+	/* Non-null for subprograms containing parameters passed by copy-in
+	   copy-out (Ada In Out or Out parameters not passed by reference),
+	   in which case it is the list of nodes used to specify the values
+	   of the In Out/Out parameters that are returned as a record upon
+	   procedure return.  The TREE_PURPOSE of an element of this list is
+	   a field of the record and the TREE_VALUE is the PARM_DECL
+	   corresponding to that field.  This list will be saved in the
+	   TYPE_CI_CO_LIST field of the FUNCTION_TYPE node we create.  */
+	tree gnu_cico_list = NULL_TREE;
+	/* List of fields in return type of procedure with copy-in copy-out
+	   parameters.  */
+	tree gnu_field_list = NULL_TREE;
+	/* If an import pragma asks to map this subprogram to a GCC builtin,
+	   this is the builtin DECL node.  */
+	tree gnu_builtin_decl = NULL_TREE;
+	/* For the stub associated with an exported procedure.  */
+	tree gnu_stub_type = NULL_TREE, gnu_stub_name = NULL_TREE;
+	tree gnu_ext_name = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, NULL);
+	Entity_Id gnat_param;
+	enum inline_status_t inline_status
+	  = Has_Pragma_No_Inline (gnat_entity)
+	    ? is_suppressed
+	    : (Is_Inlined (gnat_entity) ? is_enabled : is_disabled);
+	bool public_flag = Is_Public (gnat_entity) || imported_p;
+	bool extern_flag
+	  = (Is_Public (gnat_entity) && !definition) || imported_p;
+	bool artificial_flag = !Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity);
+       /* The semantics of "pure" in Ada essentially matches that of "const"
+          in the back-end.  In particular, both properties are orthogonal to
+          the "nothrow" property if the EH circuitry is explicit in the
+          internal representation of the back-end.  If we are to completely
+          hide the EH circuitry from it, we need to declare that calls to pure
+          Ada subprograms that can throw have side effects since they can
+          trigger an "abnormal" transfer of control flow; thus they can be
+          neither "const" nor "pure" in the back-end sense.  */
+	bool const_flag
+	  = (Exception_Mechanism == Back_End_Exceptions
+	     && Is_Pure (gnat_entity));
+	bool volatile_flag = No_Return (gnat_entity);
+	bool return_by_direct_ref_p = false;
+	bool return_by_invisi_ref_p = false;
+	bool return_unconstrained_p = false;
+	bool has_stub = false;
+	int parmnum;
+
+	/* A parameter may refer to this type, so defer completion of any
+	   incomplete types.  */
+	if (kind == E_Subprogram_Type && !definition)
+	  {
+	    defer_incomplete_level++;
+	    this_deferred = true;
+	  }
+
+	/* If the subprogram has an alias, it is probably inherited, so
+	   we can use the original one.  If the original "subprogram"
+	   is actually an enumeration literal, it may be the first use
+	   of its type, so we must elaborate that type now.  */
+	if (Present (Alias (gnat_entity)))
+	  {
+	    if (Ekind (Alias (gnat_entity)) == E_Enumeration_Literal)
+	      gnat_to_gnu_entity (Etype (Alias (gnat_entity)), NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+	    gnu_decl = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Alias (gnat_entity), gnu_expr, 0);
+
+	    /* Elaborate any Itypes in the parameters of this entity.  */
+	    for (gnat_temp = First_Formal_With_Extras (gnat_entity);
+		 Present (gnat_temp);
+		 gnat_temp = Next_Formal_With_Extras (gnat_temp))
+	      if (Is_Itype (Etype (gnat_temp)))
+		gnat_to_gnu_entity (Etype (gnat_temp), NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* If this subprogram is expectedly bound to a GCC builtin, fetch the
+	   corresponding DECL node.  Proper generation of calls later on need
+	   proper parameter associations so we don't "break;" here.  */
+	if (Convention (gnat_entity) == Convention_Intrinsic
+	    && Present (Interface_Name (gnat_entity)))
+	  {
+	    gnu_builtin_decl = builtin_decl_for (gnu_ext_name);
+
+	    /* Inability to find the builtin decl most often indicates a
+	       genuine mistake, but imports of unregistered intrinsics are
+	       sometimes issued on purpose to allow hooking in alternate
+	       bodies.  We post a warning conditioned on Wshadow in this case,
+	       to let developers be notified on demand without risking false
+	       positives with common default sets of options.  */
+
+	    if (gnu_builtin_decl == NULL_TREE && warn_shadow)
+	      post_error ("?gcc intrinsic not found for&!", gnat_entity);
+	  }
+
+	/* ??? What if we don't find the builtin node above ? warn ? err ?
+	   In the current state we neither warn nor err, and calls will just
+	   be handled as for regular subprograms.  */
+
+	/* Look into the return type and get its associated GCC tree.  If it
+	   is not void, compute various flags for the subprogram type.  */
+	if (Ekind (gnat_return_type) == E_Void)
+	  gnu_return_type = void_type_node;
+	else
+	  {
+	    /* Ada 2012 (AI05-0151): Incomplete types coming from a limited
+	       context may now appear in parameter and result profiles.  If
+	       we are only annotating types, break circularities here.  */
+	    if (type_annotate_only
+		&& IN (Ekind (gnat_return_type), Incomplete_Kind)
+	        && From_Limited_With (gnat_return_type)
+		&& In_Extended_Main_Code_Unit
+		   (Non_Limited_View (gnat_return_type))
+		&& !present_gnu_tree (Non_Limited_View (gnat_return_type)))
+	      gnu_return_type = ptr_void_type_node;
+	    else
+	      gnu_return_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_return_type);
+
+	    /* If this function returns by reference, make the actual return
+	       type the pointer type and make a note of that.  */
+	    if (Returns_By_Ref (gnat_entity))
+	      {
+		gnu_return_type = build_pointer_type (gnu_return_type);
+		return_by_direct_ref_p = true;
+	      }
+
+	    /* If we are supposed to return an unconstrained array type, make
+	       the actual return type the fat pointer type.  */
+	    else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_return_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+	      {
+		gnu_return_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_return_type);
+		return_unconstrained_p = true;
+	      }
+
+	    /* Likewise, if the return type requires a transient scope, the
+	       return value will be allocated on the secondary stack so the
+	       actual return type is the pointer type.  */
+	    else if (Requires_Transient_Scope (gnat_return_type))
+	      {
+		gnu_return_type = build_pointer_type (gnu_return_type);
+		return_unconstrained_p = true;
+	      }
+
+	    /* If the Mechanism is By_Reference, ensure this function uses the
+	       target's by-invisible-reference mechanism, which may not be the
+	       same as above (e.g. it might be passing an extra parameter).  */
+	    else if (kind == E_Function
+		     && Mechanism (gnat_entity) == By_Reference)
+	      return_by_invisi_ref_p = true;
+
+	    /* Likewise, if the return type is itself By_Reference.  */
+	    else if (TYPE_IS_BY_REFERENCE_P (gnu_return_type))
+	      return_by_invisi_ref_p = true;
+
+	    /* If the type is a padded type and the underlying type would not
+	       be passed by reference or the function has a foreign convention,
+	       return the underlying type.  */
+	    else if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_return_type)
+		     && (!default_pass_by_ref
+			  (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_return_type)))
+			 || Has_Foreign_Convention (gnat_entity)))
+	      gnu_return_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_return_type));
+
+	    /* If the return type is unconstrained, that means it must have a
+	       maximum size.  Use the padded type as the effective return type.
+	       And ensure the function uses the target's by-invisible-reference
+	       mechanism to avoid copying too much data when it returns.  */
+	    if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_return_type)))
+	      {
+		tree orig_type = gnu_return_type;
+
+		gnu_return_type
+		  = maybe_pad_type (gnu_return_type,
+				    max_size (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_return_type),
+					      true),
+				    0, gnat_entity, false, false, false, true);
+
+		/* Declare it now since it will never be declared otherwise.
+		   This is necessary to ensure that its subtrees are properly
+		   marked.  */
+		if (gnu_return_type != orig_type
+		    && !DECL_P (TYPE_NAME (gnu_return_type)))
+		  create_type_decl (TYPE_NAME (gnu_return_type),
+				    gnu_return_type, true, debug_info_p,
+				    gnat_entity);
+
+		return_by_invisi_ref_p = true;
+	      }
+
+	    /* If the return type has a size that overflows, we cannot have
+	       a function that returns that type.  This usage doesn't make
+	       sense anyway, so give an error here.  */
+	    if (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_return_type)
+		&& TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_return_type)) == INTEGER_CST
+		&& !valid_constant_size_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_return_type)))
+	      {
+		post_error ("cannot return type whose size overflows",
+			    gnat_entity);
+		gnu_return_type = copy_node (gnu_return_type);
+		TYPE_SIZE (gnu_return_type) = bitsize_zero_node;
+		TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_return_type) = size_zero_node;
+		TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (gnu_return_type) = gnu_return_type;
+		TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (gnu_return_type) = NULL_TREE;
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	/* Loop over the parameters and get their associated GCC tree.  While
+	   doing this, build a copy-in copy-out structure if we need one.  */
+	for (gnat_param = First_Formal_With_Extras (gnat_entity), parmnum = 0;
+	     Present (gnat_param);
+	     gnat_param = Next_Formal_With_Extras (gnat_param), parmnum++)
+	  {
+	    Entity_Id gnat_param_type = Etype (gnat_param);
+	    tree gnu_param_name = get_entity_name (gnat_param);
+	    tree gnu_param_type, gnu_param, gnu_field;
+	    Mechanism_Type mech = Mechanism (gnat_param);
+  	    bool copy_in_copy_out = false, fake_param_type;
+
+	    /* Ada 2012 (AI05-0151): Incomplete types coming from a limited
+	       context may now appear in parameter and result profiles.  If
+	       we are only annotating types, break circularities here.  */
+	    if (type_annotate_only
+		&& IN (Ekind (gnat_param_type), Incomplete_Kind)
+	        && From_Limited_With (Etype (gnat_param_type))
+		&& In_Extended_Main_Code_Unit
+		   (Non_Limited_View (gnat_param_type))
+		&& !present_gnu_tree (Non_Limited_View (gnat_param_type)))
+	      {
+		gnu_param_type = ptr_void_type_node;
+		fake_param_type = true;
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		gnu_param_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_param_type);
+		fake_param_type = false;
+	      }
+
+	    /* Builtins are expanded inline and there is no real call sequence
+	       involved.  So the type expected by the underlying expander is
+	       always the type of each argument "as is".  */
+	    if (gnu_builtin_decl)
+	      mech = By_Copy;
+	    /* Handle the first parameter of a valued procedure specially.  */
+	    else if (Is_Valued_Procedure (gnat_entity) && parmnum == 0)
+	      mech = By_Copy_Return;
+	    /* Otherwise, see if a Mechanism was supplied that forced this
+	       parameter to be passed one way or another.  */
+	    else if (mech == Default
+		     || mech == By_Copy || mech == By_Reference)
+	      ;
+	    else if (By_Descriptor_Last <= mech && mech <= By_Descriptor)
+	      mech = By_Descriptor;
+
+	    else if (By_Short_Descriptor_Last <= mech &&
+                     mech <= By_Short_Descriptor)
+	      mech = By_Short_Descriptor;
+
+	    else if (mech > 0)
+	      {
+		if (TREE_CODE (gnu_param_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE
+		    || TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_param_type)) != INTEGER_CST
+		    || 0 < compare_tree_int (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_param_type),
+					     mech))
+		  mech = By_Reference;
+		else
+		  mech = By_Copy;
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		post_error ("unsupported mechanism for&", gnat_param);
+		mech = Default;
+	      }
+
+	    /* Do not call gnat_to_gnu_param for a fake parameter type since
+	       it will try to use the real type again.  */
+	    if (fake_param_type)
+	      {
+		if (Ekind (gnat_param) == E_Out_Parameter)
+		  gnu_param = NULL_TREE;
+		else
+		  {
+		    gnu_param
+		      = create_param_decl (gnu_param_name, gnu_param_type,
+					   false);
+		    Set_Mechanism (gnat_param,
+				   mech == Default ? By_Copy : mech);
+		    if (Ekind (gnat_param) == E_In_Out_Parameter)
+		      copy_in_copy_out = true;
+		  }
+	      }
+	    else
+	      gnu_param
+		= gnat_to_gnu_param (gnat_param, mech, gnat_entity,
+				     Has_Foreign_Convention (gnat_entity),
+				     &copy_in_copy_out);
+
+	    /* We are returned either a PARM_DECL or a type if no parameter
+	       needs to be passed; in either case, adjust the type.  */
+	    if (DECL_P (gnu_param))
+	      gnu_param_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_param);
+	    else
+	      {
+		gnu_param_type = gnu_param;
+		gnu_param = NULL_TREE;
+	      }
+
+	    /* The failure of this assertion will very likely come from an
+	       order of elaboration issue for the type of the parameter.  */
+	    gcc_assert (kind == E_Subprogram_Type
+			|| !TYPE_IS_DUMMY_P (gnu_param_type)
+			|| type_annotate_only);
+
+	    if (gnu_param)
+	      {
+		/* If it's an exported subprogram, we build a parameter list
+		   in parallel, in case we need to emit a stub for it.  */
+		if (Is_Exported (gnat_entity))
+		  {
+		    gnu_stub_param_list
+		      = chainon (gnu_param, gnu_stub_param_list);
+		    /* Change By_Descriptor parameter to By_Reference for
+		       the internal version of an exported subprogram.  */
+		    if (mech == By_Descriptor || mech == By_Short_Descriptor)
+		      {
+			gnu_param
+			  = gnat_to_gnu_param (gnat_param, By_Reference,
+					       gnat_entity, false,
+					       &copy_in_copy_out);
+			has_stub = true;
+		      }
+		    else
+		      gnu_param = copy_node (gnu_param);
+		  }
+
+		gnu_param_list = chainon (gnu_param, gnu_param_list);
+		Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_param),
+			       &DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (gnu_param));
+		save_gnu_tree (gnat_param, gnu_param, false);
+
+		/* If a parameter is a pointer, this function may modify
+		   memory through it and thus shouldn't be considered
+		   a const function.  Also, the memory may be modified
+		   between two calls, so they can't be CSE'ed.  The latter
+		   case also handles by-ref parameters.  */
+		if (POINTER_TYPE_P (gnu_param_type)
+		    || TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_param_type))
+		  const_flag = false;
+	      }
+
+	    if (copy_in_copy_out)
+	      {
+		if (!gnu_cico_list)
+		  {
+		    tree gnu_new_ret_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+
+		    /* If this is a function, we also need a field for the
+		       return value to be placed.  */
+		    if (TREE_CODE (gnu_return_type) != VOID_TYPE)
+		      {
+			gnu_field
+			  = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("RETVAL"),
+					       gnu_return_type,
+					       gnu_new_ret_type, NULL_TREE,
+					       NULL_TREE, 0, 0);
+			Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_entity),
+				       &DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (gnu_field));
+			gnu_field_list = gnu_field;
+			gnu_cico_list
+			  = tree_cons (gnu_field, void_type_node, NULL_TREE);
+		      }
+
+		    gnu_return_type = gnu_new_ret_type;
+		    TYPE_NAME (gnu_return_type) = get_identifier ("RETURN");
+		    /* Set a default alignment to speed up accesses.  But we
+		       shouldn't increase the size of the structure too much,
+		       lest it doesn't fit in return registers anymore.  */
+		    TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_return_type)
+		      = get_mode_alignment (ptr_mode);
+		  }
+
+		gnu_field
+		  = create_field_decl (gnu_param_name, gnu_param_type,
+				       gnu_return_type, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE,
+				       0, 0);
+		Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_param),
+			       &DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (gnu_field));
+		DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field) = gnu_field_list;
+		gnu_field_list = gnu_field;
+		gnu_cico_list
+		  = tree_cons (gnu_field, gnu_param, gnu_cico_list);
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	if (gnu_cico_list)
+	  {
+	    /* If we have a CICO list but it has only one entry, we convert
+	       this function into a function that returns this object.  */
+	    if (list_length (gnu_cico_list) == 1)
+	      gnu_return_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_PURPOSE (gnu_cico_list));
+
+	    /* Do not finalize the return type if the subprogram is stubbed
+	       since structures are incomplete for the back-end.  */
+	    else if (Convention (gnat_entity) != Convention_Stubbed)
+	      {
+		finish_record_type (gnu_return_type, nreverse (gnu_field_list),
+				    0, false);
+
+	        /* Try to promote the mode of the return type if it is passed
+		   in registers, again to speed up accesses.  */
+		if (TYPE_MODE (gnu_return_type) == BLKmode
+		    && !targetm.calls.return_in_memory (gnu_return_type,
+							NULL_TREE))
+		  {
+		    unsigned int size
+		      = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_return_type));
+		    unsigned int i = BITS_PER_UNIT;
+		    enum machine_mode mode;
+
+		    while (i < size)
+		      i <<= 1;
+		    mode = mode_for_size (i, MODE_INT, 0);
+		    if (mode != BLKmode)
+		      {
+			SET_TYPE_MODE (gnu_return_type, mode);
+			TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_return_type)
+			  = GET_MODE_ALIGNMENT (mode);
+			TYPE_SIZE (gnu_return_type)
+			  = bitsize_int (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode));
+			TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_return_type)
+			  = size_int (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode));
+		      }
+		  }
+
+	        if (debug_info_p)
+		  rest_of_record_type_compilation (gnu_return_type);
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	/* Deal with platform-specific calling conventions.  */
+	if (Has_Stdcall_Convention (gnat_entity))
+	  prepend_one_attribute
+	    (&attr_list, ATTR_MACHINE_ATTRIBUTE,
+	     get_identifier ("stdcall"), NULL_TREE,
+	     gnat_entity);
+	else if (Has_Thiscall_Convention (gnat_entity))
+	  prepend_one_attribute
+	    (&attr_list, ATTR_MACHINE_ATTRIBUTE,
+	     get_identifier ("thiscall"), NULL_TREE,
+	     gnat_entity);
+
+	/* If we should request stack realignment for a foreign convention
+	   subprogram, do so.  Note that this applies to task entry points
+	   in particular.  */
+	if (FOREIGN_FORCE_REALIGN_STACK
+	    && Has_Foreign_Convention (gnat_entity))
+	  prepend_one_attribute
+	    (&attr_list, ATTR_MACHINE_ATTRIBUTE,
+	     get_identifier ("force_align_arg_pointer"), NULL_TREE,
+	     gnat_entity);
+
+	/* Deal with a pragma Linker_Section on a subprogram.  */
+	if ((kind == E_Function || kind == E_Procedure)
+	    && Present (Linker_Section_Pragma (gnat_entity)))
+	  prepend_one_attribute_pragma (&attr_list,
+					Linker_Section_Pragma (gnat_entity));
+
+	/* The lists have been built in reverse.  */
+	gnu_param_list = nreverse (gnu_param_list);
+	if (has_stub)
+	  gnu_stub_param_list = nreverse (gnu_stub_param_list);
+	gnu_cico_list = nreverse (gnu_cico_list);
+
+	if (kind == E_Function)
+	  Set_Mechanism (gnat_entity, return_unconstrained_p
+				      || return_by_direct_ref_p
+				      || return_by_invisi_ref_p
+				      ? By_Reference : By_Copy);
+	gnu_type
+	  = create_subprog_type (gnu_return_type, gnu_param_list,
+				 gnu_cico_list, return_unconstrained_p,
+				 return_by_direct_ref_p,
+				 return_by_invisi_ref_p);
+
+	if (has_stub)
+	  gnu_stub_type
+	    = create_subprog_type (gnu_return_type, gnu_stub_param_list,
+				   gnu_cico_list, return_unconstrained_p,
+				   return_by_direct_ref_p,
+				   return_by_invisi_ref_p);
+
+	/* A subprogram (something that doesn't return anything) shouldn't
+	   be considered const since there would be no reason for such a
+	   subprogram.  Note that procedures with Out (or In Out) parameters
+	   have already been converted into a function with a return type.  */
+	if (TREE_CODE (gnu_return_type) == VOID_TYPE)
+	  const_flag = false;
+
+	gnu_type
+	  = build_qualified_type (gnu_type,
+				  TYPE_QUALS (gnu_type)
+				  | (TYPE_QUAL_CONST * const_flag)
+				  | (TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE * volatile_flag));
+
+	if (has_stub)
+	  gnu_stub_type
+	    = build_qualified_type (gnu_stub_type,
+				    TYPE_QUALS (gnu_stub_type)
+				    | (TYPE_QUAL_CONST * const_flag)
+				    | (TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE * volatile_flag));
+
+	/* If we have a builtin decl for that function, use it.  Check if the
+	   profiles are compatible and warn if they are not.  The checker is
+	   expected to post extra diagnostics in this case.  */
+	if (gnu_builtin_decl)
+	  {
+	    intrin_binding_t inb;
+
+	    inb.gnat_entity = gnat_entity;
+	    inb.ada_fntype = gnu_type;
+	    inb.btin_fntype = TREE_TYPE (gnu_builtin_decl);
+
+	    if (!intrin_profiles_compatible_p (&inb))
+	      post_error
+		("?profile of& doesn''t match the builtin it binds!",
+		 gnat_entity);
+
+	    gnu_decl = gnu_builtin_decl;
+	    gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_builtin_decl);
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* If there was no specified Interface_Name and the external and
+	   internal names of the subprogram are the same, only use the
+	   internal name to allow disambiguation of nested subprograms.  */
+	if (No (Interface_Name (gnat_entity))
+	    && gnu_ext_name == gnu_entity_name)
+	  gnu_ext_name = NULL_TREE;
+
+	/* If we are defining the subprogram and it has an Address clause
+	   we must get the address expression from the saved GCC tree for the
+	   subprogram if it has a Freeze_Node.  Otherwise, we elaborate
+	   the address expression here since the front-end has guaranteed
+	   in that case that the elaboration has no effects.  If there is
+	   an Address clause and we are not defining the object, just
+	   make it a constant.  */
+	if (Present (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_address = NULL_TREE;
+
+	    if (definition)
+	      gnu_address
+		= (present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity)
+		   ? get_gnu_tree (gnat_entity)
+		   : gnat_to_gnu (Expression (Address_Clause (gnat_entity))));
+
+	    save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, NULL_TREE, false);
+
+	    /* Convert the type of the object to a reference type that can
+	       alias everything as per 13.3(19).  */
+	    gnu_type
+	      = build_reference_type_for_mode (gnu_type, ptr_mode, true);
+	    if (gnu_address)
+	      gnu_address = convert (gnu_type, gnu_address);
+
+	    gnu_decl
+	      = create_var_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_ext_name, gnu_type,
+				 gnu_address, false, Is_Public (gnat_entity),
+				 extern_flag, false, NULL, gnat_entity);
+	    DECL_BY_REF_P (gnu_decl) = 1;
+	  }
+
+	else if (kind == E_Subprogram_Type)
+	  {
+	    process_attributes (&gnu_type, &attr_list, false, gnat_entity);
+	    gnu_decl
+	      = create_type_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_type, artificial_flag,
+				  debug_info_p, gnat_entity);
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    if (has_stub)
+	      {
+		gnu_stub_name = gnu_ext_name;
+		gnu_ext_name = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "internal");
+		public_flag = false;
+ 		artificial_flag = true;
+	      }
+
+	    gnu_decl
+	      = create_subprog_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_ext_name, gnu_type,
+				     gnu_param_list, inline_status,
+				     public_flag, extern_flag, artificial_flag,
+				     attr_list, gnat_entity);
+	    if (has_stub)
+	      {
+		tree gnu_stub_decl
+		  = create_subprog_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_stub_name,
+					 gnu_stub_type, gnu_stub_param_list,
+					 inline_status, true, extern_flag,
+					 false, attr_list, gnat_entity);
+		SET_DECL_FUNCTION_STUB (gnu_decl, gnu_stub_decl);
+	      }
+
+	    /* This is unrelated to the stub built right above.  */
+	    DECL_STUBBED_P (gnu_decl)
+	      = Convention (gnat_entity) == Convention_Stubbed;
+	  }
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case E_Incomplete_Type:
+    case E_Incomplete_Subtype:
+    case E_Private_Type:
+    case E_Private_Subtype:
+    case E_Limited_Private_Type:
+    case E_Limited_Private_Subtype:
+    case E_Record_Type_With_Private:
+    case E_Record_Subtype_With_Private:
+      {
+	/* Get the "full view" of this entity.  If this is an incomplete
+	   entity from a limited with, treat its non-limited view as the
+	   full view.  Otherwise, use either the full view or the underlying
+	   full view, whichever is present.  This is used in all the tests
+	   below.  */
+	Entity_Id full_view
+	  = (IN (kind, Incomplete_Kind) && From_Limited_With (gnat_entity))
+	    ? Non_Limited_View (gnat_entity)
+	    : Present (Full_View (gnat_entity))
+	      ? Full_View (gnat_entity)
+	      : Underlying_Full_View (gnat_entity);
+
+	/* If this is an incomplete type with no full view, it must be a Taft
+	   Amendment type, in which case we return a dummy type.  Otherwise,
+	   just get the type from its Etype.  */
+	if (No (full_view))
+	  {
+	    if (kind == E_Incomplete_Type)
+	      {
+		gnu_type = make_dummy_type (gnat_entity);
+		gnu_decl = TYPE_STUB_DECL (gnu_type);
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		gnu_decl = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Etype (gnat_entity),
+					       NULL_TREE, 0);
+		maybe_present = true;
+	      }
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* If we already made a type for the full view, reuse it.  */
+	else if (present_gnu_tree (full_view))
+	  {
+	    gnu_decl = get_gnu_tree (full_view);
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* Otherwise, if we are not defining the type now, get the type
+	   from the full view.  But always get the type from the full view
+	   for define on use types, since otherwise we won't see them!  */
+	else if (!definition
+		 || (Is_Itype (full_view) && No (Freeze_Node (gnat_entity)))
+		 || (Is_Itype (gnat_entity) && No (Freeze_Node (full_view))))
+	  {
+	    gnu_decl = gnat_to_gnu_entity (full_view, NULL_TREE, 0);
+	    maybe_present = true;
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* For incomplete types, make a dummy type entry which will be
+	   replaced later.  Save it as the full declaration's type so
+	   we can do any needed updates when we see it.  */
+	gnu_type = make_dummy_type (gnat_entity);
+	gnu_decl = TYPE_STUB_DECL (gnu_type);
+	if (Has_Completion_In_Body (gnat_entity))
+	  DECL_TAFT_TYPE_P (gnu_decl) = 1;
+	save_gnu_tree (full_view, gnu_decl, 0);
+	break;
+      }
+
+    case E_Class_Wide_Type:
+      /* Class-wide types are always transformed into their root type.  */
+      gnu_decl = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_equiv_type, NULL_TREE, 0);
+      maybe_present = true;
+      break;
+
+    case E_Task_Type:
+    case E_Task_Subtype:
+    case E_Protected_Type:
+    case E_Protected_Subtype:
+      /* Concurrent types are always transformed into their record type.  */
+      if (type_annotate_only && No (gnat_equiv_type))
+	gnu_type = void_type_node;
+      else
+	gnu_decl = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_equiv_type, NULL_TREE, 0);
+      maybe_present = true;
+      break;
+
+    case E_Label:
+      gnu_decl = create_label_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnat_entity);
+      break;
+
+    case E_Block:
+    case E_Loop:
+      /* Nothing at all to do here, so just return an ERROR_MARK and claim
+	 we've already saved it, so we don't try to.  */
+      gnu_decl = error_mark_node;
+      saved = true;
+      break;
+
+    case E_Abstract_State:
+      /* This is a SPARK annotation that only reaches here when compiling in
+	 ASIS mode and has no characteristics to annotate.  */
+      gcc_assert (type_annotate_only);
+      return error_mark_node;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  /* If we had a case where we evaluated another type and it might have
+     defined this one, handle it here.  */
+  if (maybe_present && present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity))
+    {
+      gnu_decl = get_gnu_tree (gnat_entity);
+      saved = true;
+    }
+
+  /* If we are processing a type and there is either no decl for it or
+     we just made one, do some common processing for the type, such as
+     handling alignment and possible padding.  */
+  if (is_type && (!gnu_decl || this_made_decl))
+    {
+      /* Process the attributes, if not already done.  Note that the type is
+	 already defined so we cannot pass true for IN_PLACE here.  */
+      process_attributes (&gnu_type, &attr_list, false, gnat_entity);
+
+      /* Tell the middle-end that objects of tagged types are guaranteed to
+	 be properly aligned.  This is necessary because conversions to the
+	 class-wide type are translated into conversions to the root type,
+	 which can be less aligned than some of its derived types.  */
+      if (Is_Tagged_Type (gnat_entity)
+	  || Is_Class_Wide_Equivalent_Type (gnat_entity))
+	TYPE_ALIGN_OK (gnu_type) = 1;
+
+      /* Record whether the type is passed by reference.  */
+      if (!VOID_TYPE_P (gnu_type) && Is_By_Reference_Type (gnat_entity))
+	TYPE_BY_REFERENCE_P (gnu_type) = 1;
+
+      /* ??? Don't set the size for a String_Literal since it is either
+	 confirming or we don't handle it properly (if the low bound is
+	 non-constant).  */
+      if (!gnu_size && kind != E_String_Literal_Subtype)
+	{
+	  Uint gnat_size = Known_Esize (gnat_entity)
+			   ? Esize (gnat_entity) : RM_Size (gnat_entity);
+	  gnu_size
+	    = validate_size (gnat_size, gnu_type, gnat_entity, TYPE_DECL,
+			     false, Has_Size_Clause (gnat_entity));
+	}
+
+      /* If a size was specified, see if we can make a new type of that size
+	 by rearranging the type, for example from a fat to a thin pointer.  */
+      if (gnu_size)
+	{
+	  gnu_type
+	    = make_type_from_size (gnu_type, gnu_size,
+				   Has_Biased_Representation (gnat_entity));
+
+	  if (operand_equal_p (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type), gnu_size, 0)
+	      && operand_equal_p (rm_size (gnu_type), gnu_size, 0))
+	    gnu_size = NULL_TREE;
+	}
+
+      /* If the alignment hasn't already been processed and this is
+	 not an unconstrained array, see if an alignment is specified.
+	 If not, we pick a default alignment for atomic objects.  */
+      if (align != 0 || TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+	;
+      else if (Known_Alignment (gnat_entity))
+	{
+	  align = validate_alignment (Alignment (gnat_entity), gnat_entity,
+				      TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type));
+
+	  /* Warn on suspiciously large alignments.  This should catch
+	     errors about the (alignment,byte)/(size,bit) discrepancy.  */
+	  if (align > BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT && Has_Alignment_Clause (gnat_entity))
+	    {
+	      tree size;
+
+	      /* If a size was specified, take it into account.  Otherwise
+		 use the RM size for records or unions as the type size has
+		 already been adjusted to the alignment.  */
+	      if (gnu_size)
+		size = gnu_size;
+	      else if (RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+		       && !TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_type))
+		size = rm_size (gnu_type);
+	      else
+	        size = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type);
+
+	      /* Consider an alignment as suspicious if the alignment/size
+		 ratio is greater or equal to the byte/bit ratio.  */
+	      if (tree_fits_uhwi_p (size)
+		  && align >= tree_to_uhwi (size) * BITS_PER_UNIT)
+		post_error_ne ("?suspiciously large alignment specified for&",
+			       Expression (Alignment_Clause (gnat_entity)),
+			       gnat_entity);
+	    }
+	}
+      else if (Is_Atomic (gnat_entity) && !gnu_size
+	       && tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type))
+	       && integer_pow2p (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)))
+	align = MIN (BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT,
+		     tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)));
+      else if (Is_Atomic (gnat_entity) && gnu_size
+	       && tree_fits_uhwi_p (gnu_size)
+	       && integer_pow2p (gnu_size))
+	align = MIN (BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT, tree_to_uhwi (gnu_size));
+
+      /* See if we need to pad the type.  If we did, and made a record,
+	 the name of the new type may be changed.  So get it back for
+	 us when we make the new TYPE_DECL below.  */
+      if (gnu_size || align > 0)
+	gnu_type = maybe_pad_type (gnu_type, gnu_size, align, gnat_entity,
+				   false, !gnu_decl, definition, false);
+
+      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_type))
+	{
+	  gnu_entity_name = TYPE_NAME (gnu_type);
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_entity_name) == TYPE_DECL)
+	    gnu_entity_name = DECL_NAME (gnu_entity_name);
+	}
+
+      /* Now set the RM size of the type.  We cannot do it before padding
+	 because we need to accept arbitrary RM sizes on integral types.  */
+      set_rm_size (RM_Size (gnat_entity), gnu_type, gnat_entity);
+
+      /* If we are at global level, GCC will have applied variable_size to
+	 the type, but that won't have done anything.  So, if it's not
+	 a constant or self-referential, call elaborate_expression_1 to
+	 make a variable for the size rather than calculating it each time.
+	 Handle both the RM size and the actual size.  */
+      if (global_bindings_p ()
+	  && TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)
+	  && !TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type))
+	  && !CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)))
+	{
+	  tree size = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type);
+
+	  TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)
+	    = elaborate_expression_1 (size, gnat_entity,
+				      get_identifier ("SIZE"),
+				      definition, false);
+
+	  /* ??? For now, store the size as a multiple of the alignment in
+	     bytes so that we can see the alignment from the tree.  */
+	  TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type)
+	    = elaborate_expression_2 (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type), gnat_entity,
+				      get_identifier ("SIZE_A_UNIT"),
+				      definition, false,
+				      TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type));
+
+	  /* ??? gnu_type may come from an existing type so the MULT_EXPR node
+	     may not be marked by the call to create_type_decl below.  */
+	  MARK_VISITED (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type));
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE)
+	    {
+	      tree variant_part = get_variant_part (gnu_type);
+	      tree ada_size = TYPE_ADA_SIZE (gnu_type);
+
+	      if (variant_part)
+		{
+		  tree union_type = TREE_TYPE (variant_part);
+		  tree offset = DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (variant_part);
+
+		  /* If the position of the variant part is constant, subtract
+		     it from the size of the type of the parent to get the new
+		     size.  This manual CSE reduces the data size.  */
+		  if (TREE_CODE (offset) == INTEGER_CST)
+		    {
+		      tree bitpos = DECL_FIELD_BIT_OFFSET (variant_part);
+		      TYPE_SIZE (union_type)
+			= size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type),
+				      bit_from_pos (offset, bitpos));
+		      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (union_type)
+			= size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type),
+				      byte_from_pos (offset, bitpos));
+		    }
+		  else
+		    {
+		      TYPE_SIZE (union_type)
+			= elaborate_expression_1 (TYPE_SIZE (union_type),
+						  gnat_entity,
+						  get_identifier ("VSIZE"),
+						  definition, false);
+
+		      /* ??? For now, store the size as a multiple of the
+			 alignment in bytes so that we can see the alignment
+			 from the tree.  */
+		      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (union_type)
+			= elaborate_expression_2 (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (union_type),
+						  gnat_entity,
+						  get_identifier
+						  ("VSIZE_A_UNIT"),
+						  definition, false,
+						  TYPE_ALIGN (union_type));
+
+		      /* ??? For now, store the offset as a multiple of the
+			 alignment in bytes so that we can see the alignment
+			 from the tree.  */
+		      DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (variant_part)
+			= elaborate_expression_2 (offset,
+						  gnat_entity,
+						  get_identifier ("VOFFSET"),
+						  definition, false,
+						  DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN
+						  (variant_part));
+		    }
+
+		  DECL_SIZE (variant_part) = TYPE_SIZE (union_type);
+		  DECL_SIZE_UNIT (variant_part) = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (union_type);
+		}
+
+	      if (operand_equal_p (ada_size, size, 0))
+		ada_size = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type);
+	      else
+		ada_size
+		  = elaborate_expression_1 (ada_size, gnat_entity,
+					    get_identifier ("RM_SIZE"),
+					    definition, false);
+	      SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE (gnu_type, ada_size);
+	    }
+	}
+
+      /* If this is a record type or subtype, call elaborate_expression_2 on
+	 any field position.  Do this for both global and local types.
+	 Skip any fields that we haven't made trees for to avoid problems with
+	 class wide types.  */
+      if (IN (kind, Record_Kind))
+	for (gnat_temp = First_Entity (gnat_entity); Present (gnat_temp);
+	     gnat_temp = Next_Entity (gnat_temp))
+	  if (Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Component && present_gnu_tree (gnat_temp))
+	    {
+	      tree gnu_field = get_gnu_tree (gnat_temp);
+
+	      /* ??? For now, store the offset as a multiple of the alignment
+		 in bytes so that we can see the alignment from the tree.  */
+	      if (!CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (gnu_field)))
+		{
+		  DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (gnu_field)
+		    = elaborate_expression_2 (DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (gnu_field),
+					      gnat_temp,
+					      get_identifier ("OFFSET"),
+					      definition, false,
+					      DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN (gnu_field));
+
+		  /* ??? The context of gnu_field is not necessarily gnu_type
+		     so the MULT_EXPR node built above may not be marked by
+		     the call to create_type_decl below.  */
+		  if (global_bindings_p ())
+		    MARK_VISITED (DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (gnu_field));
+		}
+	    }
+
+      if (Treat_As_Volatile (gnat_entity))
+	gnu_type
+	  = build_qualified_type (gnu_type,
+				  TYPE_QUALS (gnu_type) | TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE);
+
+      if (Is_Atomic (gnat_entity))
+	check_ok_for_atomic (gnu_type, gnat_entity, false);
+
+      if (Present (Alignment_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	TYPE_USER_ALIGN (gnu_type) = 1;
+
+      if (Universal_Aliasing (gnat_entity))
+	TYPE_UNIVERSAL_ALIASING_P (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (gnu_type)) = 1;
+
+      if (!gnu_decl)
+	gnu_decl = create_type_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_type,
+				     !Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity),
+				     debug_info_p, gnat_entity);
+      else
+	{
+	  TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl) = gnu_type;
+	  TYPE_STUB_DECL (gnu_type) = gnu_decl;
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (is_type && !TYPE_IS_DUMMY_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl)))
+    {
+      gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl);
+
+      /* If this is a derived type, relate its alias set to that of its parent
+	 to avoid troubles when a call to an inherited primitive is inlined in
+	 a context where a derived object is accessed.  The inlined code works
+	 on the parent view so the resulting code may access the same object
+	 using both the parent and the derived alias sets, which thus have to
+	 conflict.  As the same issue arises with component references, the
+	 parent alias set also has to conflict with composite types enclosing
+	 derived components.  For instance, if we have:
+
+	    type D is new T;
+	    type R is record
+	       Component : D;
+	    end record;
+
+	 we want T to conflict with both D and R, in addition to R being a
+	 superset of D by record/component construction.
+
+	 One way to achieve this is to perform an alias set copy from the
+	 parent to the derived type.  This is not quite appropriate, though,
+	 as we don't want separate derived types to conflict with each other:
+
+	    type I1 is new Integer;
+	    type I2 is new Integer;
+
+	 We want I1 and I2 to both conflict with Integer but we do not want
+	 I1 to conflict with I2, and an alias set copy on derivation would
+	 have that effect.
+
+	 The option chosen is to make the alias set of the derived type a
+	 superset of that of its parent type.  It trivially fulfills the
+	 simple requirement for the Integer derivation example above, and
+	 the component case as well by superset transitivity:
+
+		   superset      superset
+		R ----------> D ----------> T
+
+	 However, for composite types, conversions between derived types are
+	 translated into VIEW_CONVERT_EXPRs so a sequence like:
+
+	    type Comp1 is new Comp;
+	    type Comp2 is new Comp;
+	    procedure Proc (C : Comp1);
+
+	    C : Comp2;
+	    Proc (Comp1 (C));
+
+	 is translated into:
+
+	    C : Comp2;
+	    Proc ((Comp1 &) &VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR <Comp1> (C));
+
+	 and gimplified into:
+
+	    C : Comp2;
+	    Comp1 *C.0;
+	    C.0 = (Comp1 *) &C;
+	    Proc (C.0);
+
+	 i.e. generates code involving type punning.  Therefore, Comp1 needs
+	 to conflict with Comp2 and an alias set copy is required.
+
+	 The language rules ensure the parent type is already frozen here.  */
+      if (Is_Derived_Type (gnat_entity) && !type_annotate_only)
+	{
+	  tree gnu_parent_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_entity));
+	  relate_alias_sets (gnu_type, gnu_parent_type,
+			     Is_Composite_Type (gnat_entity)
+			     ? ALIAS_SET_COPY : ALIAS_SET_SUPERSET);
+	}
+
+      /* Back-annotate the Alignment of the type if not already in the
+	 tree.  Likewise for sizes.  */
+      if (Unknown_Alignment (gnat_entity))
+	{
+	  unsigned int double_align, align;
+	  bool is_capped_double, align_clause;
+
+	  /* If the default alignment of "double" or larger scalar types is
+	     specifically capped and this is not an array with an alignment
+	     clause on the component type, return the cap.  */
+	  if ((double_align = double_float_alignment) > 0)
+	    is_capped_double
+	      = is_double_float_or_array (gnat_entity, &align_clause);
+	  else if ((double_align = double_scalar_alignment) > 0)
+	    is_capped_double
+	      = is_double_scalar_or_array (gnat_entity, &align_clause);
+	  else
+	    is_capped_double = align_clause = false;
+
+	  if (is_capped_double && !align_clause)
+	    align = double_align;
+	  else
+	    align = TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type) / BITS_PER_UNIT;
+
+	  Set_Alignment (gnat_entity, UI_From_Int (align));
+	}
+
+      if (Unknown_Esize (gnat_entity) && TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type))
+	{
+	  tree gnu_size = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type);
+
+	  /* If the size is self-referential, annotate the maximum value.  */
+	  if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (gnu_size))
+	    gnu_size = max_size (gnu_size, true);
+
+	  /* If we are just annotating types and the type is tagged, the tag
+	     and the parent components are not generated by the front-end so
+	     sizes must be adjusted if there is no representation clause.  */
+	  if (type_annotate_only
+	      && Is_Tagged_Type (gnat_entity)
+	      && !VOID_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+	      && (!TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)
+		  || integer_zerop (bit_position (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)))))
+	    {
+	      tree pointer_size = bitsize_int (POINTER_SIZE), offset;
+	      Uint uint_size;
+
+	      if (Is_Derived_Type (gnat_entity))
+		{
+		  Entity_Id gnat_parent = Etype (Base_Type (gnat_entity));
+		  offset = UI_To_gnu (Esize (gnat_parent), bitsizetype);
+		  Set_Alignment (gnat_entity, Alignment (gnat_parent));
+		}
+	      else
+		offset = pointer_size;
+
+	      if (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type))
+		offset
+		  = round_up (offset, DECL_ALIGN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)));
+
+	      gnu_size = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_size, offset);
+	      gnu_size = round_up (gnu_size, POINTER_SIZE);
+	      uint_size = annotate_value (gnu_size);
+	      Set_Esize (gnat_entity, uint_size);
+	      Set_RM_Size (gnat_entity, uint_size);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    Set_Esize (gnat_entity, annotate_value (gnu_size));
+	}
+
+      if (Unknown_RM_Size (gnat_entity) && rm_size (gnu_type))
+	Set_RM_Size (gnat_entity, annotate_value (rm_size (gnu_type)));
+    }
+
+  /* If we really have a ..._DECL node, set a couple of flags on it.  But we
+     cannot do so if we are reusing the ..._DECL node made for an equivalent
+     type or an alias or a renamed object as the predicates don't apply to it
+     but to GNAT_ENTITY.  */
+  if (DECL_P (gnu_decl)
+      && !(is_type && gnat_equiv_type != gnat_entity)
+      && !Present (Alias (gnat_entity))
+      && !(Present (Renamed_Object (gnat_entity)) && saved))
+    {
+      if (!Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity))
+	DECL_ARTIFICIAL (gnu_decl) = 1;
+
+      if (!debug_info_p)
+	DECL_IGNORED_P (gnu_decl) = 1;
+    }
+
+  /* If we haven't already, associate the ..._DECL node that we just made with
+     the input GNAT entity node.  */
+  if (!saved)
+    save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, gnu_decl, false);
+
+  /* If this is an enumeration or floating-point type, we were not able to set
+     the bounds since they refer to the type.  These are always static.  */
+  if ((kind == E_Enumeration_Type && Present (First_Literal (gnat_entity)))
+      || (kind == E_Floating_Point_Type && !Vax_Float (gnat_entity)))
+    {
+      tree gnu_scalar_type = gnu_type;
+      tree gnu_low_bound, gnu_high_bound;
+
+      /* If this is a padded type, we need to use the underlying type.  */
+      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_scalar_type))
+	gnu_scalar_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_scalar_type));
+
+      /* If this is a floating point type and we haven't set a floating
+	 point type yet, use this in the evaluation of the bounds.  */
+      if (!longest_float_type_node && kind == E_Floating_Point_Type)
+	longest_float_type_node = gnu_scalar_type;
+
+      gnu_low_bound = gnat_to_gnu (Type_Low_Bound (gnat_entity));
+      gnu_high_bound = gnat_to_gnu (Type_High_Bound (gnat_entity));
+
+      if (kind == E_Enumeration_Type)
+	{
+	  /* Enumeration types have specific RM bounds.  */
+	  SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (gnu_scalar_type, gnu_low_bound);
+	  SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (gnu_scalar_type, gnu_high_bound);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* Floating-point types don't have specific RM bounds.  */
+	  TYPE_GCC_MIN_VALUE (gnu_scalar_type) = gnu_low_bound;
+	  TYPE_GCC_MAX_VALUE (gnu_scalar_type) = gnu_high_bound;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* If we deferred processing of incomplete types, re-enable it.  If there
+     were no other disables and we have deferred types to process, do so.  */
+  if (this_deferred
+      && --defer_incomplete_level == 0
+      && defer_incomplete_list)
+    {
+      struct incomplete *p, *next;
+
+      /* We are back to level 0 for the deferring of incomplete types.
+	 But processing these incomplete types below may itself require
+	 deferring, so preserve what we have and restart from scratch.  */
+      p = defer_incomplete_list;
+      defer_incomplete_list = NULL;
+
+      for (; p; p = next)
+	{
+	  next = p->next;
+
+	  if (p->old_type)
+	    update_pointer_to (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (p->old_type),
+			       gnat_to_gnu_type (p->full_type));
+	  free (p);
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* If we are not defining this type, see if it's on one of the lists of
+     incomplete types.  If so, handle the list entry now.  */
+  if (is_type && !definition)
+    {
+      struct incomplete *p;
+
+      for (p = defer_incomplete_list; p; p = p->next)
+	if (p->old_type && p->full_type == gnat_entity)
+	  {
+	    update_pointer_to (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (p->old_type),
+			       TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl));
+	    p->old_type = NULL_TREE;
+	  }
+
+      for (p = defer_limited_with; p; p = p->next)
+	if (p->old_type && Non_Limited_View (p->full_type) == gnat_entity)
+	  {
+	    update_pointer_to (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (p->old_type),
+			       TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl));
+	    p->old_type = NULL_TREE;
+	  }
+    }
+
+  if (this_global)
+    force_global--;
+
+  /* If this is a packed array type whose original array type is itself
+     an Itype without freeze node, make sure the latter is processed.  */
+  if (Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity)
+      && Is_Itype (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity))
+      && No (Freeze_Node (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)))
+      && !present_gnu_tree (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity)))
+    gnat_to_gnu_entity (Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity), NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+  return gnu_decl;
+}
+
+/* Similar, but if the returned value is a COMPONENT_REF, return the
+   FIELD_DECL.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_to_gnu_field_decl (Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  tree gnu_field = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_entity, NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_field) == COMPONENT_REF)
+    gnu_field = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_field, 1);
+
+  return gnu_field;
+}
+
+/* Similar, but GNAT_ENTITY is assumed to refer to a GNAT type.  Return
+   the GCC type corresponding to that entity.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_to_gnu_type (Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  tree gnu_decl;
+
+  /* The back end never attempts to annotate generic types.  */
+  if (Is_Generic_Type (gnat_entity) && type_annotate_only)
+     return void_type_node;
+
+  gnu_decl = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_entity, NULL_TREE, 0);
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (gnu_decl) == TYPE_DECL);
+
+  return TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl);
+}
+
+/* Similar, but GNAT_ENTITY is assumed to refer to a GNAT type.  Return
+   the unpadded version of the GCC type corresponding to that entity.  */
+
+tree
+get_unpadded_type (Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  tree type = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_entity);
+
+  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (type))
+    type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type));
+
+  return type;
+}
+
+/* Return the DECL associated with the public subprogram GNAT_ENTITY but whose
+   type has been changed to that of the parameterless procedure, except if an
+   alias is already present, in which case it is returned instead.  */
+
+tree
+get_minimal_subprog_decl (Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  tree gnu_entity_name, gnu_ext_name;
+  struct attrib *attr_list = NULL;
+
+  /* See the E_Function/E_Procedure case of gnat_to_gnu_entity for the model
+     of the handling applied here.  */
+
+  while (Present (Alias (gnat_entity)))
+    {
+      gnat_entity = Alias (gnat_entity);
+      if (present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity))
+	return get_gnu_tree (gnat_entity);
+    }
+
+  gnu_entity_name = get_entity_name (gnat_entity);
+  gnu_ext_name = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, NULL);
+
+  if (Has_Stdcall_Convention (gnat_entity))
+    prepend_one_attribute (&attr_list, ATTR_MACHINE_ATTRIBUTE,
+			   get_identifier ("stdcall"), NULL_TREE,
+			   gnat_entity);
+  else if (Has_Thiscall_Convention (gnat_entity))
+    prepend_one_attribute (&attr_list, ATTR_MACHINE_ATTRIBUTE,
+			   get_identifier ("thiscall"), NULL_TREE,
+			   gnat_entity);
+
+  if (No (Interface_Name (gnat_entity)) && gnu_ext_name == gnu_entity_name)
+    gnu_ext_name = NULL_TREE;
+
+  return
+    create_subprog_decl (gnu_entity_name, gnu_ext_name, void_ftype, NULL_TREE,
+			 is_disabled, true, true, true, attr_list, gnat_entity);
+}
+
+/* Return whether the E_Subprogram_Type/E_Function/E_Procedure GNAT_ENTITY is
+   a C++ imported method or equivalent.
+
+   We use the predicate on 32-bit x86/Windows to find out whether we need to
+   use the "thiscall" calling convention for GNAT_ENTITY.  This convention is
+   used for C++ methods (functions with METHOD_TYPE) by the back-end.  */
+
+bool
+is_cplusplus_method (Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  if (Convention (gnat_entity) != Convention_CPP)
+    return false;
+
+  /* This is the main case: C++ method imported as a primitive operation.  */
+  if (Is_Dispatching_Operation (gnat_entity))
+    return true;
+
+  /* A thunk needs to be handled like its associated primitive operation.  */
+  if (Is_Subprogram (gnat_entity) && Is_Thunk (gnat_entity))
+    return true;
+
+  /* C++ classes with no virtual functions can be imported as limited
+     record types, but we need to return true for the constructors.  */
+  if (Is_Constructor (gnat_entity))
+    return true;
+
+  /* This is set on the E_Subprogram_Type built for a dispatching call.  */
+  if (Is_Dispatch_Table_Entity (gnat_entity))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Finalize the processing of From_Limited_With incomplete types.  */
+
+void
+finalize_from_limited_with (void)
+{
+  struct incomplete *p, *next;
+
+  p = defer_limited_with;
+  defer_limited_with = NULL;
+
+  for (; p; p = next)
+    {
+      next = p->next;
+
+      if (p->old_type)
+	update_pointer_to (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (p->old_type),
+			   gnat_to_gnu_type (p->full_type));
+      free (p);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return the equivalent type to be used for GNAT_ENTITY, if it's a
+   kind of type (such E_Task_Type) that has a different type which Gigi
+   uses for its representation.  If the type does not have a special type
+   for its representation, return GNAT_ENTITY.  If a type is supposed to
+   exist, but does not, abort unless annotating types, in which case
+   return Empty.  If GNAT_ENTITY is Empty, return Empty.  */
+
+Entity_Id
+Gigi_Equivalent_Type (Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  Entity_Id gnat_equiv = gnat_entity;
+
+  if (No (gnat_entity))
+    return gnat_entity;
+
+  switch (Ekind (gnat_entity))
+    {
+    case E_Class_Wide_Subtype:
+      if (Present (Equivalent_Type (gnat_entity)))
+	gnat_equiv = Equivalent_Type (gnat_entity);
+      break;
+
+    case E_Access_Protected_Subprogram_Type:
+    case E_Anonymous_Access_Protected_Subprogram_Type:
+      gnat_equiv = Equivalent_Type (gnat_entity);
+      break;
+
+    case E_Class_Wide_Type:
+      gnat_equiv = Root_Type (gnat_entity);
+      break;
+
+    case E_Task_Type:
+    case E_Task_Subtype:
+    case E_Protected_Type:
+    case E_Protected_Subtype:
+      gnat_equiv = Corresponding_Record_Type (gnat_entity);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  gcc_assert (Present (gnat_equiv) || type_annotate_only);
+
+  return gnat_equiv;
+}
+
+/* Return a GCC tree for a type corresponding to the component type of the
+   array type or subtype GNAT_ARRAY.  DEFINITION is true if this component
+   is for an array being defined.  DEBUG_INFO_P is true if we need to write
+   debug information for other types that we may create in the process.  */
+
+static tree
+gnat_to_gnu_component_type (Entity_Id gnat_array, bool definition,
+			    bool debug_info_p)
+{
+  const Entity_Id gnat_type = Component_Type (gnat_array);
+  tree gnu_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_type);
+  tree gnu_comp_size;
+
+  /* Try to get a smaller form of the component if needed.  */
+  if ((Is_Packed (gnat_array)
+       || Has_Component_Size_Clause (gnat_array))
+      && !Is_Bit_Packed_Array (gnat_array)
+      && !Has_Aliased_Components (gnat_array)
+      && !Strict_Alignment (gnat_type)
+      && RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+      && !TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_type)
+      && tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)))
+    gnu_type = make_packable_type (gnu_type, false);
+
+  if (Has_Atomic_Components (gnat_array))
+    check_ok_for_atomic (gnu_type, gnat_array, true);
+
+  /* Get and validate any specified Component_Size.  */
+  gnu_comp_size
+    = validate_size (Component_Size (gnat_array), gnu_type, gnat_array,
+		     Is_Bit_Packed_Array (gnat_array) ? TYPE_DECL : VAR_DECL,
+		     true, Has_Component_Size_Clause (gnat_array));
+
+  /* If the array has aliased components and the component size can be zero,
+     force at least unit size to ensure that the components have distinct
+     addresses.  */
+  if (!gnu_comp_size
+      && Has_Aliased_Components (gnat_array)
+      && (integer_zerop (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type))
+	  || (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	      && !TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)))))
+    gnu_comp_size
+      = size_binop (MAX_EXPR, TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type), bitsize_unit_node);
+
+  /* If the component type is a RECORD_TYPE that has a self-referential size,
+     then use the maximum size for the component size.  */
+  if (!gnu_comp_size
+      && TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+      && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type)))
+    gnu_comp_size = max_size (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type), true);
+
+  /* Honor the component size.  This is not needed for bit-packed arrays.  */
+  if (gnu_comp_size && !Is_Bit_Packed_Array (gnat_array))
+    {
+      tree orig_type = gnu_type;
+      unsigned int max_align;
+
+      /* If an alignment is specified, use it as a cap on the component type
+	 so that it can be honored for the whole type.  But ignore it for the
+	 original type of packed array types.  */
+      if (No (Packed_Array_Type (gnat_array)) && Known_Alignment (gnat_array))
+	max_align = validate_alignment (Alignment (gnat_array), gnat_array, 0);
+      else
+	max_align = 0;
+
+      gnu_type = make_type_from_size (gnu_type, gnu_comp_size, false);
+      if (max_align > 0 && TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type) > max_align)
+	gnu_type = orig_type;
+      else
+	orig_type = gnu_type;
+
+      gnu_type = maybe_pad_type (gnu_type, gnu_comp_size, 0, gnat_array,
+				 true, false, definition, true);
+
+      /* If a padding record was made, declare it now since it will never be
+	 declared otherwise.  This is necessary to ensure that its subtrees
+	 are properly marked.  */
+      if (gnu_type != orig_type && !DECL_P (TYPE_NAME (gnu_type)))
+	create_type_decl (TYPE_NAME (gnu_type), gnu_type, true, debug_info_p,
+			  gnat_array);
+    }
+
+  if (Has_Volatile_Components (gnat_array))
+    gnu_type
+      = build_qualified_type (gnu_type,
+			      TYPE_QUALS (gnu_type) | TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE);
+
+  return gnu_type;
+}
+
+/* Return a GCC tree for a parameter corresponding to GNAT_PARAM and
+   using MECH as its passing mechanism, to be placed in the parameter
+   list built for GNAT_SUBPROG.  Assume a foreign convention for the
+   latter if FOREIGN is true.  Also set CICO to true if the parameter
+   must use the copy-in copy-out implementation mechanism.
+
+   The returned tree is a PARM_DECL, except for those cases where no
+   parameter needs to be actually passed to the subprogram; the type
+   of this "shadow" parameter is then returned instead.  */
+
+static tree
+gnat_to_gnu_param (Entity_Id gnat_param, Mechanism_Type mech,
+		   Entity_Id gnat_subprog, bool foreign, bool *cico)
+{
+  tree gnu_param_name = get_entity_name (gnat_param);
+  tree gnu_param_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_param));
+  tree gnu_param_type_alt = NULL_TREE;
+  bool in_param = (Ekind (gnat_param) == E_In_Parameter);
+  /* The parameter can be indirectly modified if its address is taken.  */
+  bool ro_param = in_param && !Address_Taken (gnat_param);
+  bool by_return = false, by_component_ptr = false;
+  bool by_ref = false;
+  tree gnu_param;
+
+  /* Copy-return is used only for the first parameter of a valued procedure.
+     It's a copy mechanism for which a parameter is never allocated.  */
+  if (mech == By_Copy_Return)
+    {
+      gcc_assert (Ekind (gnat_param) == E_Out_Parameter);
+      mech = By_Copy;
+      by_return = true;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is either a foreign function or if the underlying type won't
+     be passed by reference, strip off possible padding type.  */
+  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_param_type))
+    {
+      tree unpadded_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_param_type));
+
+      if (mech == By_Reference
+	  || foreign
+	  || (!must_pass_by_ref (unpadded_type)
+	      && (mech == By_Copy || !default_pass_by_ref (unpadded_type))))
+	gnu_param_type = unpadded_type;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is a read-only parameter, make a variant of the type that is
+     read-only.  ??? However, if this is an unconstrained array, that type
+     can be very complex, so skip it for now.  Likewise for any other
+     self-referential type.  */
+  if (ro_param
+      && TREE_CODE (gnu_param_type) != UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE
+      && !CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_param_type)))
+    gnu_param_type = build_qualified_type (gnu_param_type,
+					   (TYPE_QUALS (gnu_param_type)
+					    | TYPE_QUAL_CONST));
+
+  /* For foreign conventions, pass arrays as pointers to the element type.
+     First check for unconstrained array and get the underlying array.  */
+  if (foreign && TREE_CODE (gnu_param_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+    gnu_param_type
+      = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_param_type))));
+
+  /* For GCC builtins, pass Address integer types as (void *)  */
+  if (Convention (gnat_subprog) == Convention_Intrinsic
+      && Present (Interface_Name (gnat_subprog))
+      && Is_Descendent_Of_Address (Etype (gnat_param)))
+    gnu_param_type = ptr_void_type_node;
+
+  /* VMS descriptors are themselves passed by reference.  */
+  if (mech == By_Short_Descriptor ||
+      (mech == By_Descriptor && TARGET_ABI_OPEN_VMS && !flag_vms_malloc64))
+    gnu_param_type
+      = build_pointer_type (build_vms_descriptor32 (gnu_param_type,
+						    Mechanism (gnat_param),
+						    gnat_subprog));
+  else if (mech == By_Descriptor)
+    {
+      /* Build both a 32-bit and 64-bit descriptor, one of which will be
+	 chosen in fill_vms_descriptor.  */
+      gnu_param_type_alt
+        = build_pointer_type (build_vms_descriptor32 (gnu_param_type,
+						      Mechanism (gnat_param),
+						      gnat_subprog));
+      gnu_param_type
+        = build_pointer_type (build_vms_descriptor (gnu_param_type,
+						    Mechanism (gnat_param),
+						    gnat_subprog));
+    }
+
+  /* Arrays are passed as pointers to element type for foreign conventions.  */
+  else if (foreign
+	   && mech != By_Copy
+	   && TREE_CODE (gnu_param_type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+    {
+      /* Strip off any multi-dimensional entries, then strip
+	 off the last array to get the component type.  */
+      while (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_param_type)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	     && TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_param_type)))
+	gnu_param_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_param_type);
+
+      by_component_ptr = true;
+      gnu_param_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_param_type);
+
+      if (ro_param)
+	gnu_param_type = build_qualified_type (gnu_param_type,
+					       (TYPE_QUALS (gnu_param_type)
+						| TYPE_QUAL_CONST));
+
+      gnu_param_type = build_pointer_type (gnu_param_type);
+    }
+
+  /* Fat pointers are passed as thin pointers for foreign conventions.  */
+  else if (foreign && TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_param_type))
+    gnu_param_type
+      = make_type_from_size (gnu_param_type, size_int (POINTER_SIZE), 0);
+
+  /* If we must pass or were requested to pass by reference, do so.
+     If we were requested to pass by copy, do so.
+     Otherwise, for foreign conventions, pass In Out or Out parameters
+     or aggregates by reference.  For COBOL and Fortran, pass all
+     integer and FP types that way too.  For Convention Ada, use
+     the standard Ada default.  */
+  else if (must_pass_by_ref (gnu_param_type)
+	   || mech == By_Reference
+	   || (mech != By_Copy
+	       && ((foreign
+		    && (!in_param || AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (gnu_param_type)))
+		   || (foreign
+		       && (Convention (gnat_subprog) == Convention_Fortran
+			   || Convention (gnat_subprog) == Convention_COBOL)
+		       && (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_param_type)
+			   || FLOAT_TYPE_P (gnu_param_type)))
+		   || (!foreign
+		       && default_pass_by_ref (gnu_param_type)))))
+    {
+      /* We take advantage of 6.2(12) by considering that references built for
+	 parameters whose type isn't by-ref and for which the mechanism hasn't
+	 been forced to by-ref are restrict-qualified in the C sense.  */
+      bool restrict_p
+	= !TYPE_IS_BY_REFERENCE_P (gnu_param_type) && mech != By_Reference;
+      gnu_param_type = build_reference_type (gnu_param_type);
+      if (restrict_p)
+	gnu_param_type
+	  = build_qualified_type (gnu_param_type, TYPE_QUAL_RESTRICT);
+      by_ref = true;
+    }
+
+  /* Pass In Out or Out parameters using copy-in copy-out mechanism.  */
+  else if (!in_param)
+    *cico = true;
+
+  if (mech == By_Copy && (by_ref || by_component_ptr))
+    post_error ("?cannot pass & by copy", gnat_param);
+
+  /* If this is an Out parameter that isn't passed by reference and isn't
+     a pointer or aggregate, we don't make a PARM_DECL for it.  Instead,
+     it will be a VAR_DECL created when we process the procedure, so just
+     return its type.  For the special parameter of a valued procedure,
+     never pass it in.
+
+     An exception is made to cover the RM-6.4.1 rule requiring "by copy"
+     Out parameters with discriminants or implicit initial values to be
+     handled like In Out parameters.  These type are normally built as
+     aggregates, hence passed by reference, except for some packed arrays
+     which end up encoded in special integer types.  Note that scalars can
+     be given implicit initial values using the Default_Value aspect.
+
+     The exception we need to make is then for packed arrays of records
+     with discriminants or implicit initial values.  We have no light/easy
+     way to check for the latter case, so we merely check for packed arrays
+     of records.  This may lead to useless copy-in operations, but in very
+     rare cases only, as these would be exceptions in a set of already
+     exceptional situations.  */
+  if (Ekind (gnat_param) == E_Out_Parameter
+      && !by_ref
+      && (by_return
+	  || (mech != By_Descriptor
+              && mech != By_Short_Descriptor
+	      && !POINTER_TYPE_P (gnu_param_type)
+	      && !AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (gnu_param_type)
+	      && !Has_Default_Aspect (Etype (gnat_param))))
+      && !(Is_Array_Type (Etype (gnat_param))
+	   && Is_Packed (Etype (gnat_param))
+	   && Is_Composite_Type (Component_Type (Etype (gnat_param)))))
+    return gnu_param_type;
+
+  gnu_param = create_param_decl (gnu_param_name, gnu_param_type,
+				 ro_param || by_ref || by_component_ptr);
+  DECL_BY_REF_P (gnu_param) = by_ref;
+  DECL_BY_COMPONENT_PTR_P (gnu_param) = by_component_ptr;
+  DECL_BY_DESCRIPTOR_P (gnu_param)
+    = (mech == By_Descriptor || mech == By_Short_Descriptor);
+  DECL_POINTS_TO_READONLY_P (gnu_param)
+    = (ro_param && (by_ref || by_component_ptr));
+  DECL_CAN_NEVER_BE_NULL_P (gnu_param) = Can_Never_Be_Null (gnat_param);
+
+  /* Save the alternate descriptor type, if any.  */
+  if (gnu_param_type_alt)
+    SET_DECL_PARM_ALT_TYPE (gnu_param, gnu_param_type_alt);
+
+  /* If no Mechanism was specified, indicate what we're using, then
+     back-annotate it.  */
+  if (mech == Default)
+    mech = (by_ref || by_component_ptr) ? By_Reference : By_Copy;
+
+  Set_Mechanism (gnat_param, mech);
+  return gnu_param;
+}
+
+/* Return true if DISCR1 and DISCR2 represent the same discriminant.  */
+
+static bool
+same_discriminant_p (Entity_Id discr1, Entity_Id discr2)
+{
+  while (Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (discr1)))
+    discr1 = Corresponding_Discriminant (discr1);
+
+  while (Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (discr2)))
+    discr2 = Corresponding_Discriminant (discr2);
+
+  return
+    Original_Record_Component (discr1) == Original_Record_Component (discr2);
+}
+
+/* Return true if the array type GNU_TYPE, which represents a dimension of
+   GNAT_TYPE, has a non-aliased component in the back-end sense.  */
+
+static bool
+array_type_has_nonaliased_component (tree gnu_type, Entity_Id gnat_type)
+{
+  /* If the array type is not the innermost dimension of the GNAT type,
+     then it has a non-aliased component.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+      && TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type)))
+    return true;
+
+  /* If the array type has an aliased component in the front-end sense,
+     then it also has an aliased component in the back-end sense.  */
+  if (Has_Aliased_Components (gnat_type))
+    return false;
+
+  /* If this is a derived type, then it has a non-aliased component if
+     and only if its parent type also has one.  */
+  if (Is_Derived_Type (gnat_type))
+    {
+      tree gnu_parent_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_type));
+      int index;
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_parent_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+	gnu_parent_type
+	  = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_parent_type))));
+      for (index = Number_Dimensions (gnat_type) - 1; index > 0; index--)
+	gnu_parent_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_parent_type);
+      return TYPE_NONALIASED_COMPONENT (gnu_parent_type);
+    }
+
+  /* Otherwise, rely exclusively on properties of the element type.  */
+  return type_for_nonaliased_component_p (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type));
+}
+
+/* Return true if GNAT_ADDRESS is a value known at compile-time.  */
+
+static bool
+compile_time_known_address_p (Node_Id gnat_address)
+{
+  /* Catch System'To_Address.  */
+  if (Nkind (gnat_address) == N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion)
+    gnat_address = Expression (gnat_address);
+
+  return Compile_Time_Known_Value (gnat_address);
+}
+
+/* Return true if GNAT_RANGE, a N_Range node, cannot be superflat, i.e. if the
+   inequality HB >= LB-1 is true.  LB and HB are the low and high bounds.  */
+
+static bool
+cannot_be_superflat_p (Node_Id gnat_range)
+{
+  Node_Id gnat_lb = Low_Bound (gnat_range), gnat_hb = High_Bound (gnat_range);
+  Node_Id scalar_range;
+  tree gnu_lb, gnu_hb, gnu_lb_minus_one;
+
+  /* If the low bound is not constant, try to find an upper bound.  */
+  while (Nkind (gnat_lb) != N_Integer_Literal
+	 && (Ekind (Etype (gnat_lb)) == E_Signed_Integer_Subtype
+	     || Ekind (Etype (gnat_lb)) == E_Modular_Integer_Subtype)
+	 && (scalar_range = Scalar_Range (Etype (gnat_lb)))
+	 && (Nkind (scalar_range) == N_Signed_Integer_Type_Definition
+	     || Nkind (scalar_range) == N_Range))
+    gnat_lb = High_Bound (scalar_range);
+
+  /* If the high bound is not constant, try to find a lower bound.  */
+  while (Nkind (gnat_hb) != N_Integer_Literal
+	 && (Ekind (Etype (gnat_hb)) == E_Signed_Integer_Subtype
+	     || Ekind (Etype (gnat_hb)) == E_Modular_Integer_Subtype)
+	 && (scalar_range = Scalar_Range (Etype (gnat_hb)))
+	 && (Nkind (scalar_range) == N_Signed_Integer_Type_Definition
+	     || Nkind (scalar_range) == N_Range))
+    gnat_hb = Low_Bound (scalar_range);
+
+  /* If we have failed to find constant bounds, punt.  */
+  if (Nkind (gnat_lb) != N_Integer_Literal
+      || Nkind (gnat_hb) != N_Integer_Literal)
+    return false;
+
+  /* We need at least a signed 64-bit type to catch most cases.  */
+  gnu_lb = UI_To_gnu (Intval (gnat_lb), sbitsizetype);
+  gnu_hb = UI_To_gnu (Intval (gnat_hb), sbitsizetype);
+  if (TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_lb) || TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_hb))
+    return false;
+
+  /* If the low bound is the smallest integer, nothing can be smaller.  */
+  gnu_lb_minus_one = size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, gnu_lb, sbitsize_one_node);
+  if (TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_lb_minus_one))
+    return true;
+
+  return !tree_int_cst_lt (gnu_hb, gnu_lb_minus_one);
+}
+
+/* Return true if GNU_EXPR is (essentially) the address of a CONSTRUCTOR.  */
+
+static bool
+constructor_address_p (tree gnu_expr)
+{
+  while (TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == NOP_EXPR
+	 || TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == CONVERT_EXPR
+	 || TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == NON_LVALUE_EXPR)
+    gnu_expr = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0);
+
+  return (TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == ADDR_EXPR
+	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0)) == CONSTRUCTOR);
+}
+
+/* Given GNAT_ENTITY, elaborate all expressions that are required to
+   be elaborated at the point of its definition, but do nothing else.  */
+
+void
+elaborate_entity (Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  switch (Ekind (gnat_entity))
+    {
+    case E_Signed_Integer_Subtype:
+    case E_Modular_Integer_Subtype:
+    case E_Enumeration_Subtype:
+    case E_Ordinary_Fixed_Point_Subtype:
+    case E_Decimal_Fixed_Point_Subtype:
+    case E_Floating_Point_Subtype:
+      {
+	Node_Id gnat_lb = Type_Low_Bound (gnat_entity);
+	Node_Id gnat_hb = Type_High_Bound (gnat_entity);
+
+	/* ??? Tests to avoid Constraint_Error in static expressions
+	   are needed until after the front stops generating bogus
+	   conversions on bounds of real types.  */
+	if (!Raises_Constraint_Error (gnat_lb))
+	  elaborate_expression (gnat_lb, gnat_entity, get_identifier ("L"),
+				true, false, Needs_Debug_Info (gnat_entity));
+	if (!Raises_Constraint_Error (gnat_hb))
+	  elaborate_expression (gnat_hb, gnat_entity, get_identifier ("U"),
+				true, false, Needs_Debug_Info (gnat_entity));
+      break;
+      }
+
+    case E_Record_Subtype:
+    case E_Private_Subtype:
+    case E_Limited_Private_Subtype:
+    case E_Record_Subtype_With_Private:
+      if (Has_Discriminants (gnat_entity) && Is_Constrained (gnat_entity))
+	{
+	  Node_Id gnat_discriminant_expr;
+	  Entity_Id gnat_field;
+
+	  for (gnat_field
+	       = First_Discriminant (Implementation_Base_Type (gnat_entity)),
+	       gnat_discriminant_expr
+	       = First_Elmt (Discriminant_Constraint (gnat_entity));
+	       Present (gnat_field);
+	       gnat_field = Next_Discriminant (gnat_field),
+	       gnat_discriminant_expr = Next_Elmt (gnat_discriminant_expr))
+	    /* Ignore access discriminants.  */
+	    if (!Is_Access_Type (Etype (Node (gnat_discriminant_expr))))
+	      elaborate_expression (Node (gnat_discriminant_expr),
+				    gnat_entity, get_entity_name (gnat_field),
+				    true, false, false);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return true if the size in units represented by GNU_SIZE can be handled by
+   an allocation.  If STATIC_P is true, consider only what can be done with a
+   static allocation.  */
+
+static bool
+allocatable_size_p (tree gnu_size, bool static_p)
+{
+  /* We can allocate a fixed size if it is a valid for the middle-end.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_size) == INTEGER_CST)
+    return valid_constant_size_p (gnu_size);
+
+  /* We can allocate a variable size if this isn't a static allocation.  */
+  else
+    return !static_p;
+}
+
+/* Prepend to ATTR_LIST an entry for an attribute with provided TYPE,
+   NAME, ARGS and ERROR_POINT.  */
+
+static void
+prepend_one_attribute (struct attrib **attr_list,
+		       enum attr_type attr_type,
+		       tree attr_name,
+		       tree attr_args,
+		       Node_Id attr_error_point)
+{
+  struct attrib * attr = (struct attrib *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct attrib));
+
+  attr->type = attr_type;
+  attr->name = attr_name;
+  attr->args = attr_args;
+  attr->error_point = attr_error_point;
+
+  attr->next = *attr_list;
+  *attr_list = attr;
+}
+
+/* Prepend to ATTR_LIST an entry for an attribute provided by GNAT_PRAGMA.  */
+
+static void
+prepend_one_attribute_pragma (struct attrib **attr_list, Node_Id gnat_pragma)
+{
+  const Node_Id gnat_arg = Pragma_Argument_Associations (gnat_pragma);
+  tree gnu_arg0 = NULL_TREE, gnu_arg1 = NULL_TREE;
+  enum attr_type etype;
+
+  /* Map the pragma at hand.  Skip if this isn't one we know how to handle.  */
+  switch (Get_Pragma_Id (Chars (Pragma_Identifier (gnat_pragma))))
+    {
+    case Pragma_Machine_Attribute:
+      etype = ATTR_MACHINE_ATTRIBUTE;
+      break;
+
+    case Pragma_Linker_Alias:
+      etype = ATTR_LINK_ALIAS;
+      break;
+
+    case Pragma_Linker_Section:
+      etype = ATTR_LINK_SECTION;
+      break;
+
+    case Pragma_Linker_Constructor:
+      etype = ATTR_LINK_CONSTRUCTOR;
+      break;
+
+    case Pragma_Linker_Destructor:
+      etype = ATTR_LINK_DESTRUCTOR;
+      break;
+
+    case Pragma_Weak_External:
+      etype = ATTR_WEAK_EXTERNAL;
+      break;
+
+    case Pragma_Thread_Local_Storage:
+      etype = ATTR_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* See what arguments we have and turn them into GCC trees for attribute
+     handlers.  These expect identifier for strings.  We handle at most two
+     arguments and static expressions only.  */
+  if (Present (gnat_arg) && Present (First (gnat_arg)))
+    {
+      Node_Id gnat_arg0 = Next (First (gnat_arg));
+      Node_Id gnat_arg1 = Empty;
+
+      if (Present (gnat_arg0) && Is_Static_Expression (Expression (gnat_arg0)))
+	{
+	  gnu_arg0 = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_arg0));
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_arg0) == STRING_CST)
+	    {
+	      gnu_arg0 = get_identifier (TREE_STRING_POINTER (gnu_arg0));
+	      if (IDENTIFIER_LENGTH (gnu_arg0) == 0)
+		return;
+	    }
+
+	  gnat_arg1 = Next (gnat_arg0);
+	}
+
+      if (Present (gnat_arg1) && Is_Static_Expression (Expression (gnat_arg1)))
+	{
+	  gnu_arg1 = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_arg1));
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_arg1) == STRING_CST)
+	   gnu_arg1 = get_identifier (TREE_STRING_POINTER (gnu_arg1));
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Prepend to the list.  Make a list of the argument we might have, as GCC
+     expects it.  */
+  prepend_one_attribute (attr_list, etype, gnu_arg0,
+			 gnu_arg1
+			 ? build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, gnu_arg1) : NULL_TREE,
+			 Present (Next (First (gnat_arg)))
+			 ? Expression (Next (First (gnat_arg))) : gnat_pragma);
+}
+
+/* Prepend to ATTR_LIST the list of attributes for GNAT_ENTITY, if any.  */
+
+static void
+prepend_attributes (struct attrib **attr_list, Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  Node_Id gnat_temp;
+
+  /* Attributes are stored as Representation Item pragmas.  */
+  for (gnat_temp = First_Rep_Item (gnat_entity);
+       Present (gnat_temp);
+       gnat_temp = Next_Rep_Item (gnat_temp))
+    if (Nkind (gnat_temp) == N_Pragma)
+      prepend_one_attribute_pragma (attr_list, gnat_temp);
+}
+
+/* Given a GNAT tree GNAT_EXPR, for an expression which is a value within a
+   type definition (either a bound or a discriminant value) for GNAT_ENTITY,
+   return the GCC tree to use for that expression.  GNU_NAME is the suffix
+   to use if a variable needs to be created and DEFINITION is true if this
+   is a definition of GNAT_ENTITY.  If NEED_VALUE is true, we need a result;
+   otherwise, we are just elaborating the expression for side-effects.  If
+   NEED_DEBUG is true, we need a variable for debugging purposes even if it
+   isn't needed for code generation.  */
+
+static tree
+elaborate_expression (Node_Id gnat_expr, Entity_Id gnat_entity, tree gnu_name,
+		      bool definition, bool need_value, bool need_debug)
+{
+  tree gnu_expr;
+
+  /* If we already elaborated this expression (e.g. it was involved
+     in the definition of a private type), use the old value.  */
+  if (present_gnu_tree (gnat_expr))
+    return get_gnu_tree (gnat_expr);
+
+  /* If we don't need a value and this is static or a discriminant,
+     we don't need to do anything.  */
+  if (!need_value
+      && (Is_OK_Static_Expression (gnat_expr)
+	  || (Nkind (gnat_expr) == N_Identifier
+	      && Ekind (Entity (gnat_expr)) == E_Discriminant)))
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* If it's a static expression, we don't need a variable for debugging.  */
+  if (need_debug && Is_OK_Static_Expression (gnat_expr))
+    need_debug = false;
+
+  /* Otherwise, convert this tree to its GCC equivalent and elaborate it.  */
+  gnu_expr = elaborate_expression_1 (gnat_to_gnu (gnat_expr), gnat_entity,
+				     gnu_name, definition, need_debug);
+
+  /* Save the expression in case we try to elaborate this entity again.  Since
+     it's not a DECL, don't check it.  Don't save if it's a discriminant.  */
+  if (!CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (gnu_expr))
+    save_gnu_tree (gnat_expr, gnu_expr, true);
+
+  return need_value ? gnu_expr : error_mark_node;
+}
+
+/* Similar, but take a GNU expression and always return a result.  */
+
+static tree
+elaborate_expression_1 (tree gnu_expr, Entity_Id gnat_entity, tree gnu_name,
+			bool definition, bool need_debug)
+{
+  const bool expr_public_p = Is_Public (gnat_entity);
+  const bool expr_global_p = expr_public_p || global_bindings_p ();
+  bool expr_variable_p, use_variable;
+
+  /* In most cases, we won't see a naked FIELD_DECL because a discriminant
+     reference will have been replaced with a COMPONENT_REF when the type
+     is being elaborated.  However, there are some cases involving child
+     types where we will.  So convert it to a COMPONENT_REF.  We hope it
+     will be at the highest level of the expression in these cases.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == FIELD_DECL)
+    gnu_expr = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr),
+		       build0 (PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, DECL_CONTEXT (gnu_expr)),
+		       gnu_expr, NULL_TREE);
+
+  /* If GNU_EXPR contains a placeholder, just return it.  We rely on the fact
+     that an expression cannot contain both a discriminant and a variable.  */
+  if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (gnu_expr))
+    return gnu_expr;
+
+  /* If GNU_EXPR is neither a constant nor based on a read-only variable, make
+     a variable that is initialized to contain the expression when the package
+     containing the definition is elaborated.  If this entity is defined at top
+     level, replace the expression by the variable; otherwise use a SAVE_EXPR
+     if this is necessary.  */
+  if (CONSTANT_CLASS_P (gnu_expr))
+    expr_variable_p = false;
+  else
+    {
+      /* Skip any conversions and simple constant arithmetics to see if the
+	 expression is based on a read-only variable.
+	 ??? This really should remain read-only, but we have to think about
+	 the typing of the tree here.  */
+      tree inner = remove_conversions (gnu_expr, true);
+
+      inner = skip_simple_constant_arithmetic (inner);
+
+      if (handled_component_p (inner))
+	{
+	  HOST_WIDE_INT bitsize, bitpos;
+	  tree offset;
+	  enum machine_mode mode;
+	  int unsignedp, volatilep;
+
+	  inner = get_inner_reference (inner, &bitsize, &bitpos, &offset,
+				       &mode, &unsignedp, &volatilep, false);
+	  /* If the offset is variable, err on the side of caution.  */
+	  if (offset)
+	    inner = NULL_TREE;
+	}
+
+      expr_variable_p
+	= !(inner
+	    && TREE_CODE (inner) == VAR_DECL
+	    && (TREE_READONLY (inner) || DECL_READONLY_ONCE_ELAB (inner)));
+    }
+
+  /* We only need to use the variable if we are in a global context since GCC
+     can do the right thing in the local case.  However, when not optimizing,
+     use it for bounds of loop iteration scheme to avoid code duplication.  */
+  use_variable = expr_variable_p
+		 && (expr_global_p
+		     || (!optimize
+		         && definition
+			 && Is_Itype (gnat_entity)
+			 && Nkind (Associated_Node_For_Itype (gnat_entity))
+			    == N_Loop_Parameter_Specification));
+
+  /* Now create it, possibly only for debugging purposes.  */
+  if (use_variable || need_debug)
+    {
+      tree gnu_decl
+	= create_var_decl_1
+	  (create_concat_name (gnat_entity, IDENTIFIER_POINTER (gnu_name)),
+	   NULL_TREE, TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr), gnu_expr, true, expr_public_p,
+	   !definition, expr_global_p, !need_debug, NULL, gnat_entity);
+
+      if (use_variable)
+	return gnu_decl;
+    }
+
+  return expr_variable_p ? gnat_save_expr (gnu_expr) : gnu_expr;
+}
+
+/* Similar, but take an alignment factor and make it explicit in the tree.  */
+
+static tree
+elaborate_expression_2 (tree gnu_expr, Entity_Id gnat_entity, tree gnu_name,
+			bool definition, bool need_debug, unsigned int align)
+{
+  tree unit_align = size_int (align / BITS_PER_UNIT);
+  return
+    size_binop (MULT_EXPR,
+		elaborate_expression_1 (size_binop (EXACT_DIV_EXPR,
+						    gnu_expr,
+						    unit_align),
+					gnat_entity, gnu_name, definition,
+					need_debug),
+		unit_align);
+}
+
+/* Given a GNU tree and a GNAT list of choices, generate an expression to test
+   the value passed against the list of choices.  */
+
+tree
+choices_to_gnu (tree operand, Node_Id choices)
+{
+  Node_Id choice;
+  Node_Id gnat_temp;
+  tree result = boolean_false_node;
+  tree this_test, low = 0, high = 0, single = 0;
+
+  for (choice = First (choices); Present (choice); choice = Next (choice))
+    {
+      switch (Nkind (choice))
+	{
+	case N_Range:
+	  low = gnat_to_gnu (Low_Bound (choice));
+	  high = gnat_to_gnu (High_Bound (choice));
+
+	  this_test
+	    = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+			       build_binary_op (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+						operand, low),
+			       build_binary_op (LE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+						operand, high));
+
+	  break;
+
+	case N_Subtype_Indication:
+	  gnat_temp = Range_Expression (Constraint (choice));
+	  low = gnat_to_gnu (Low_Bound (gnat_temp));
+	  high = gnat_to_gnu (High_Bound (gnat_temp));
+
+	  this_test
+	    = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+			       build_binary_op (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+						operand, low),
+			       build_binary_op (LE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+						operand, high));
+	  break;
+
+	case N_Identifier:
+	case N_Expanded_Name:
+	  /* This represents either a subtype range, an enumeration
+	     literal, or a constant  Ekind says which.  If an enumeration
+	     literal or constant, fall through to the next case.  */
+	  if (Ekind (Entity (choice)) != E_Enumeration_Literal
+	      && Ekind (Entity (choice)) != E_Constant)
+	    {
+	      tree type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Entity (choice));
+
+	      low = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (type);
+	      high = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (type);
+
+	      this_test
+		= build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				   build_binary_op (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+						    operand, low),
+				   build_binary_op (LE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+						    operand, high));
+	      break;
+	    }
+
+	  /* ... fall through ... */
+
+	case N_Character_Literal:
+	case N_Integer_Literal:
+	  single = gnat_to_gnu (choice);
+	  this_test = build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node, operand,
+				       single);
+	  break;
+
+	case N_Others_Choice:
+	  this_test = boolean_true_node;
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  gcc_unreachable ();
+	}
+
+      result = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node, result,
+				this_test);
+    }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Adjust PACKED setting as passed to gnat_to_gnu_field for a field of
+   type FIELD_TYPE to be placed in RECORD_TYPE.  Return the result.  */
+
+static int
+adjust_packed (tree field_type, tree record_type, int packed)
+{
+  /* If the field contains an item of variable size, we cannot pack it
+     because we cannot create temporaries of non-fixed size in case
+     we need to take the address of the field.  See addressable_p and
+     the notes on the addressability issues for further details.  */
+  if (type_has_variable_size (field_type))
+    return 0;
+
+  /* If the alignment of the record is specified and the field type
+     is over-aligned, request Storage_Unit alignment for the field.  */
+  if (packed == -2)
+    {
+      if (TYPE_ALIGN (field_type) > TYPE_ALIGN (record_type))
+	return -1;
+      else
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+  return packed;
+}
+
+/* Return a GCC tree for a field corresponding to GNAT_FIELD to be
+   placed in GNU_RECORD_TYPE.
+
+   PACKED is 1 if the enclosing record is packed, -1 if the enclosing
+   record has Component_Alignment of Storage_Unit, -2 if the enclosing
+   record has a specified alignment.
+
+   DEFINITION is true if this field is for a record being defined.
+
+   DEBUG_INFO_P is true if we need to write debug information for types
+   that we may create in the process.  */
+
+static tree
+gnat_to_gnu_field (Entity_Id gnat_field, tree gnu_record_type, int packed,
+		   bool definition, bool debug_info_p)
+{
+  const Entity_Id gnat_field_type = Etype (gnat_field);
+  tree gnu_field_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_field_type);
+  tree gnu_field_id = get_entity_name (gnat_field);
+  tree gnu_field, gnu_size, gnu_pos;
+  bool is_volatile
+    = (Treat_As_Volatile (gnat_field) || Treat_As_Volatile (gnat_field_type));
+  bool needs_strict_alignment
+    = (is_volatile
+       || Is_Aliased (gnat_field)
+       || Strict_Alignment (gnat_field_type));
+
+  /* If this field requires strict alignment, we cannot pack it because
+     it would very likely be under-aligned in the record.  */
+  if (needs_strict_alignment)
+    packed = 0;
+  else
+    packed = adjust_packed (gnu_field_type, gnu_record_type, packed);
+
+  /* If a size is specified, use it.  Otherwise, if the record type is packed,
+     use the official RM size.  See "Handling of Type'Size Values" in Einfo
+     for further details.  */
+  if (Known_Esize (gnat_field))
+    gnu_size = validate_size (Esize (gnat_field), gnu_field_type,
+			      gnat_field, FIELD_DECL, false, true);
+  else if (packed == 1)
+    gnu_size = validate_size (RM_Size (gnat_field_type), gnu_field_type,
+			      gnat_field, FIELD_DECL, false, true);
+  else
+    gnu_size = NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* If we have a specified size that is smaller than that of the field's type,
+     or a position is specified, and the field's type is a record that doesn't
+     require strict alignment, see if we can get either an integral mode form
+     of the type or a smaller form.  If we can, show a size was specified for
+     the field if there wasn't one already, so we know to make this a bitfield
+     and avoid making things wider.
+
+     Changing to an integral mode form is useful when the record is packed as
+     we can then place the field at a non-byte-aligned position and so achieve
+     tighter packing.  This is in addition required if the field shares a byte
+     with another field and the front-end lets the back-end handle the access
+     to the field, because GCC cannot handle non-byte-aligned BLKmode fields.
+
+     Changing to a smaller form is required if the specified size is smaller
+     than that of the field's type and the type contains sub-fields that are
+     padded, in order to avoid generating accesses to these sub-fields that
+     are wider than the field.
+
+     We avoid the transformation if it is not required or potentially useful,
+     as it might entail an increase of the field's alignment and have ripple
+     effects on the outer record type.  A typical case is a field known to be
+     byte-aligned and not to share a byte with another field.  */
+  if (!needs_strict_alignment
+      && RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (gnu_field_type)
+      && !TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_field_type)
+      && tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type))
+      && (packed == 1
+	  || (gnu_size
+	      && (tree_int_cst_lt (gnu_size, TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type))
+		  || (Present (Component_Clause (gnat_field))
+		      && !(UI_To_Int (Component_Bit_Offset (gnat_field))
+			   % BITS_PER_UNIT == 0
+			   && value_factor_p (gnu_size, BITS_PER_UNIT)))))))
+    {
+      tree gnu_packable_type = make_packable_type (gnu_field_type, true);
+      if (gnu_packable_type != gnu_field_type)
+	{
+	  gnu_field_type = gnu_packable_type;
+	  if (!gnu_size)
+	    gnu_size = rm_size (gnu_field_type);
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (Is_Atomic (gnat_field))
+    check_ok_for_atomic (gnu_field_type, gnat_field, false);
+
+  if (Present (Component_Clause (gnat_field)))
+    {
+      Entity_Id gnat_parent
+	= Parent_Subtype (Underlying_Type (Scope (gnat_field)));
+
+      gnu_pos = UI_To_gnu (Component_Bit_Offset (gnat_field), bitsizetype);
+      gnu_size = validate_size (Esize (gnat_field), gnu_field_type,
+				gnat_field, FIELD_DECL, false, true);
+
+      /* Ensure the position does not overlap with the parent subtype, if there
+	 is one.  This test is omitted if the parent of the tagged type has a
+	 full rep clause since, in this case, component clauses are allowed to
+	 overlay the space allocated for the parent type and the front-end has
+	 checked that there are no overlapping components.  */
+      if (Present (gnat_parent) && !Is_Fully_Repped_Tagged_Type (gnat_parent))
+	{
+	  tree gnu_parent = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_parent);
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_parent)) == INTEGER_CST
+	      && tree_int_cst_lt (gnu_pos, TYPE_SIZE (gnu_parent)))
+	    {
+	      post_error_ne_tree
+		("offset of& must be beyond parent{, minimum allowed is ^}",
+		 First_Bit (Component_Clause (gnat_field)), gnat_field,
+		 TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_parent));
+	    }
+	}
+
+      /* If this field needs strict alignment, check that the record is
+	 sufficiently aligned and that position and size are consistent with
+	 the alignment.  But don't do it if we are just annotating types and
+	 the field's type is tagged, since tagged types aren't fully laid out
+	 in this mode.  Also, note that atomic implies volatile so the inner
+	 test sequences ordering is significant here.  */
+      if (needs_strict_alignment
+	  && !(type_annotate_only && Is_Tagged_Type (gnat_field_type)))
+	{
+	  TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_record_type)
+	    = MAX (TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_record_type), TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_field_type));
+
+	  if (gnu_size
+	      && !operand_equal_p (gnu_size, TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type), 0))
+	    {
+	      if (Is_Atomic (gnat_field) || Is_Atomic (gnat_field_type))
+		post_error_ne_tree
+		  ("atomic field& must be natural size of type{ (^)}",
+		   Last_Bit (Component_Clause (gnat_field)), gnat_field,
+		   TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type));
+
+	      else if (is_volatile)
+		post_error_ne_tree
+		  ("volatile field& must be natural size of type{ (^)}",
+		   Last_Bit (Component_Clause (gnat_field)), gnat_field,
+		   TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type));
+
+	      else if (Is_Aliased (gnat_field))
+		post_error_ne_tree
+		  ("size of aliased field& must be ^ bits",
+		   Last_Bit (Component_Clause (gnat_field)), gnat_field,
+		   TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type));
+
+	      else if (Strict_Alignment (gnat_field_type))
+		post_error_ne_tree
+		  ("size of & with aliased or tagged components not ^ bits",
+		   Last_Bit (Component_Clause (gnat_field)), gnat_field,
+		   TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type));
+
+              else
+		gcc_unreachable ();
+
+	      gnu_size = NULL_TREE;
+	    }
+
+	  if (!integer_zerop (size_binop
+			      (TRUNC_MOD_EXPR, gnu_pos,
+			       bitsize_int (TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_field_type)))))
+	    {
+	      if (Is_Atomic (gnat_field) || Is_Atomic (gnat_field_type))
+		post_error_ne_num
+		  ("position of atomic field& must be multiple of ^ bits",
+		   First_Bit (Component_Clause (gnat_field)), gnat_field,
+		   TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_field_type));
+
+              else if (is_volatile)
+		post_error_ne_num
+		  ("position of volatile field& must be multiple of ^ bits",
+		   First_Bit (Component_Clause (gnat_field)), gnat_field,
+		   TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_field_type));
+
+	      else if (Is_Aliased (gnat_field))
+		post_error_ne_num
+		  ("position of aliased field& must be multiple of ^ bits",
+		   First_Bit (Component_Clause (gnat_field)), gnat_field,
+		   TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_field_type));
+
+	      else if (Strict_Alignment (gnat_field_type))
+		post_error_ne
+		  ("position of & is not compatible with alignment required "
+		   "by its components",
+		    First_Bit (Component_Clause (gnat_field)), gnat_field);
+
+	      else
+		gcc_unreachable ();
+
+	      gnu_pos = NULL_TREE;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* If the record has rep clauses and this is the tag field, make a rep
+     clause for it as well.  */
+  else if (Has_Specified_Layout (Scope (gnat_field))
+	   && Chars (gnat_field) == Name_uTag)
+    {
+      gnu_pos = bitsize_zero_node;
+      gnu_size = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type);
+    }
+
+  else
+    {
+      gnu_pos = NULL_TREE;
+
+      /* If we are packing the record and the field is BLKmode, round the
+	 size up to a byte boundary.  */
+      if (packed && TYPE_MODE (gnu_field_type) == BLKmode && gnu_size)
+	gnu_size = round_up (gnu_size, BITS_PER_UNIT);
+    }
+
+  /* We need to make the size the maximum for the type if it is
+     self-referential and an unconstrained type.  In that case, we can't
+     pack the field since we can't make a copy to align it.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_field_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+      && !gnu_size
+      && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type))
+      && !Is_Constrained (Underlying_Type (gnat_field_type)))
+    {
+      gnu_size = max_size (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_field_type), true);
+      packed = 0;
+    }
+
+  /* If a size is specified, adjust the field's type to it.  */
+  if (gnu_size)
+    {
+      tree orig_field_type;
+
+      /* If the field's type is justified modular, we would need to remove
+	 the wrapper to (better) meet the layout requirements.  However we
+	 can do so only if the field is not aliased to preserve the unique
+	 layout and if the prescribed size is not greater than that of the
+	 packed array to preserve the justification.  */
+      if (!needs_strict_alignment
+	  && TREE_CODE (gnu_field_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (gnu_field_type)
+	  && tree_int_cst_compare (gnu_size, TYPE_ADA_SIZE (gnu_field_type))
+	       <= 0)
+	gnu_field_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_field_type));
+
+      /* Similarly if the field's type is a misaligned integral type, but
+	 there is no restriction on the size as there is no justification.  */
+      if (!needs_strict_alignment
+	  && TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_field_type)
+	  && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_field_type))))
+	gnu_field_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_field_type));
+
+      gnu_field_type
+	= make_type_from_size (gnu_field_type, gnu_size,
+			       Has_Biased_Representation (gnat_field));
+
+      orig_field_type = gnu_field_type;
+      gnu_field_type = maybe_pad_type (gnu_field_type, gnu_size, 0, gnat_field,
+				       false, false, definition, true);
+
+      /* If a padding record was made, declare it now since it will never be
+	 declared otherwise.  This is necessary to ensure that its subtrees
+	 are properly marked.  */
+      if (gnu_field_type != orig_field_type
+	  && !DECL_P (TYPE_NAME (gnu_field_type)))
+	create_type_decl (TYPE_NAME (gnu_field_type), gnu_field_type, true,
+			  debug_info_p, gnat_field);
+    }
+
+  /* Otherwise (or if there was an error), don't specify a position.  */
+  else
+    gnu_pos = NULL_TREE;
+
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (gnu_field_type) != RECORD_TYPE
+	      || !TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (gnu_field_type));
+
+  /* Now create the decl for the field.  */
+  gnu_field
+    = create_field_decl (gnu_field_id, gnu_field_type, gnu_record_type,
+			 gnu_size, gnu_pos, packed, Is_Aliased (gnat_field));
+  Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_field), &DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (gnu_field));
+  DECL_ALIASED_P (gnu_field) = Is_Aliased (gnat_field);
+  TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (gnu_field) = TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_field) = is_volatile;
+
+  if (Ekind (gnat_field) == E_Discriminant)
+    DECL_DISCRIMINANT_NUMBER (gnu_field)
+      = UI_To_gnu (Discriminant_Number (gnat_field), sizetype);
+
+  return gnu_field;
+}
+
+/* Return true if at least one member of COMPONENT_LIST needs strict
+   alignment.  */
+
+static bool
+components_need_strict_alignment (Node_Id component_list)
+{
+  Node_Id component_decl;
+
+  for (component_decl = First_Non_Pragma (Component_Items (component_list));
+       Present (component_decl);
+       component_decl = Next_Non_Pragma (component_decl))
+    {
+      Entity_Id gnat_field = Defining_Entity (component_decl);
+
+      if (Is_Aliased (gnat_field))
+	return true;
+
+      if (Strict_Alignment (Etype (gnat_field)))
+	return true;
+    }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return true if TYPE is a type with variable size or a padding type with a
+   field of variable size or a record that has a field with such a type.  */
+
+static bool
+type_has_variable_size (tree type)
+{
+  tree field;
+
+  if (!TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (type)))
+    return true;
+
+  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (type)
+      && !TREE_CONSTANT (DECL_SIZE (TYPE_FIELDS (type))))
+    return true;
+
+  if (!RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (type))
+    return false;
+
+  for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (type); field; field = DECL_CHAIN (field))
+    if (type_has_variable_size (TREE_TYPE (field)))
+      return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return true if FIELD is an artificial field.  */
+
+static bool
+field_is_artificial (tree field)
+{
+  /* These fields are generated by the front-end proper.  */
+  if (IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (field)) [0] == '_')
+    return true;
+
+  /* These fields are generated by gigi.  */
+  if (DECL_INTERNAL_P (field))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return true if FIELD is a non-artificial aliased field.  */
+
+static bool
+field_is_aliased (tree field)
+{
+  if (field_is_artificial (field))
+    return false;
+
+  return DECL_ALIASED_P (field);
+}
+
+/* Return true if FIELD is a non-artificial field with self-referential
+   size.  */
+
+static bool
+field_has_self_size (tree field)
+{
+  if (field_is_artificial (field))
+    return false;
+
+  if (DECL_SIZE (field) && TREE_CODE (DECL_SIZE (field)) == INTEGER_CST)
+    return false;
+
+  return CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (field)));
+}
+
+/* Return true if FIELD is a non-artificial field with variable size.  */
+
+static bool
+field_has_variable_size (tree field)
+{
+  if (field_is_artificial (field))
+    return false;
+
+  if (DECL_SIZE (field) && TREE_CODE (DECL_SIZE (field)) == INTEGER_CST)
+    return false;
+
+  return TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (field))) != INTEGER_CST;
+}
+
+/* qsort comparer for the bit positions of two record components.  */
+
+static int
+compare_field_bitpos (const PTR rt1, const PTR rt2)
+{
+  const_tree const field1 = * (const_tree const *) rt1;
+  const_tree const field2 = * (const_tree const *) rt2;
+  const int ret
+    = tree_int_cst_compare (bit_position (field1), bit_position (field2));
+
+  return ret ? ret : (int) (DECL_UID (field1) - DECL_UID (field2));
+}
+
+/* Structure holding information for a given variant.  */
+typedef struct vinfo
+{
+  /* The record type of the variant.  */
+  tree type;
+
+  /* The name of the variant.  */
+  tree name;
+
+  /* The qualifier of the variant.  */
+  tree qual;
+
+  /* Whether the variant has a rep clause.  */
+  bool has_rep;
+
+  /* Whether the variant is packed.  */
+  bool packed;
+
+} vinfo_t;
+
+/* Translate and chain the GNAT_COMPONENT_LIST to the GNU_FIELD_LIST, set the
+   result as the field list of GNU_RECORD_TYPE and finish it up.  Return true
+   if GNU_RECORD_TYPE has a rep clause which affects the layout (see below).
+   When called from gnat_to_gnu_entity during the processing of a record type
+   definition, the GCC node for the parent, if any, will be the single field
+   of GNU_RECORD_TYPE and the GCC nodes for the discriminants will be on the
+   GNU_FIELD_LIST.  The other calls to this function are recursive calls for
+   the component list of a variant and, in this case, GNU_FIELD_LIST is empty.
+
+   PACKED is 1 if this is for a packed record, -1 if this is for a record
+   with Component_Alignment of Storage_Unit, -2 if this is for a record
+   with a specified alignment.
+
+   DEFINITION is true if we are defining this record type.
+
+   CANCEL_ALIGNMENT is true if the alignment should be zeroed before laying
+   out the record.  This means the alignment only serves to force fields to
+   be bitfields, but not to require the record to be that aligned.  This is
+   used for variants.
+
+   ALL_REP is true if a rep clause is present for all the fields.
+
+   UNCHECKED_UNION is true if we are building this type for a record with a
+   Pragma Unchecked_Union.
+
+   ARTIFICIAL is true if this is a type that was generated by the compiler.
+
+   DEBUG_INFO is true if we need to write debug information about the type.
+
+   MAYBE_UNUSED is true if this type may be unused in the end; this doesn't
+   mean that its contents may be unused as well, only the container itself.
+
+   REORDER is true if we are permitted to reorder components of this type.
+
+   FIRST_FREE_POS, if nonzero, is the first (lowest) free field position in
+   the outer record type down to this variant level.  It is nonzero only if
+   all the fields down to this level have a rep clause and ALL_REP is false.
+
+   P_GNU_REP_LIST, if nonzero, is a pointer to a list to which each field
+   with a rep clause is to be added; in this case, that is all that should
+   be done with such fields and the return value will be false.  */
+
+static bool
+components_to_record (tree gnu_record_type, Node_Id gnat_component_list,
+		      tree gnu_field_list, int packed, bool definition,
+		      bool cancel_alignment, bool all_rep,
+		      bool unchecked_union, bool artificial,
+		      bool debug_info, bool maybe_unused, bool reorder,
+		      tree first_free_pos, tree *p_gnu_rep_list)
+{
+  bool all_rep_and_size = all_rep && TYPE_SIZE (gnu_record_type);
+  bool variants_have_rep = all_rep;
+  bool layout_with_rep = false;
+  bool has_self_field = false;
+  bool has_aliased_after_self_field = false;
+  Node_Id component_decl, variant_part;
+  tree gnu_field, gnu_next, gnu_last;
+  tree gnu_variant_part = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_rep_list = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_var_list = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_self_list = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_zero_list = NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* For each component referenced in a component declaration create a GCC
+     field and add it to the list, skipping pragmas in the GNAT list.  */
+  gnu_last = tree_last (gnu_field_list);
+  if (Present (Component_Items (gnat_component_list)))
+    for (component_decl
+	   = First_Non_Pragma (Component_Items (gnat_component_list));
+	 Present (component_decl);
+	 component_decl = Next_Non_Pragma (component_decl))
+      {
+	Entity_Id gnat_field = Defining_Entity (component_decl);
+	Name_Id gnat_name = Chars (gnat_field);
+
+	/* If present, the _Parent field must have been created as the single
+	   field of the record type.  Put it before any other fields.  */
+	if (gnat_name == Name_uParent)
+	  {
+	    gnu_field = TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_record_type);
+	    gnu_field_list = chainon (gnu_field_list, gnu_field);
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    gnu_field = gnat_to_gnu_field (gnat_field, gnu_record_type, packed,
+					   definition, debug_info);
+
+	    /* If this is the _Tag field, put it before any other fields.  */
+	    if (gnat_name == Name_uTag)
+	      gnu_field_list = chainon (gnu_field_list, gnu_field);
+
+	    /* If this is the _Controller field, put it before the other
+	       fields except for the _Tag or _Parent field.  */
+	    else if (gnat_name == Name_uController && gnu_last)
+	      {
+		DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field) = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_last);
+		DECL_CHAIN (gnu_last) = gnu_field;
+	      }
+
+	    /* If this is a regular field, put it after the other fields.  */
+	    else
+	      {
+		DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field) = gnu_field_list;
+		gnu_field_list = gnu_field;
+		if (!gnu_last)
+		  gnu_last = gnu_field;
+
+		/* And record information for the final layout.  */
+		if (field_has_self_size (gnu_field))
+		  has_self_field = true;
+		else if (has_self_field && field_is_aliased (gnu_field))
+		  has_aliased_after_self_field = true;
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	save_gnu_tree (gnat_field, gnu_field, false);
+      }
+
+  /* At the end of the component list there may be a variant part.  */
+  variant_part = Variant_Part (gnat_component_list);
+
+  /* We create a QUAL_UNION_TYPE for the variant part since the variants are
+     mutually exclusive and should go in the same memory.  To do this we need
+     to treat each variant as a record whose elements are created from the
+     component list for the variant.  So here we create the records from the
+     lists for the variants and put them all into the QUAL_UNION_TYPE.
+     If this is an Unchecked_Union, we make a UNION_TYPE instead or
+     use GNU_RECORD_TYPE if there are no fields so far.  */
+  if (Present (variant_part))
+    {
+      Node_Id gnat_discr = Name (variant_part), variant;
+      tree gnu_discr = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_discr);
+      tree gnu_name = TYPE_NAME (gnu_record_type);
+      tree gnu_var_name
+	= concat_name (get_identifier (Get_Name_String (Chars (gnat_discr))),
+		       "XVN");
+      tree gnu_union_type, gnu_union_name;
+      tree this_first_free_pos, gnu_variant_list = NULL_TREE;
+      bool union_field_needs_strict_alignment = false;
+      auto_vec <vinfo_t, 16> variant_types;
+      vinfo_t *gnu_variant;
+      unsigned int variants_align = 0;
+      unsigned int i;
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_name) == TYPE_DECL)
+	gnu_name = DECL_NAME (gnu_name);
+
+      gnu_union_name
+	= concat_name (gnu_name, IDENTIFIER_POINTER (gnu_var_name));
+
+      /* Reuse the enclosing union if this is an Unchecked_Union whose fields
+	 are all in the variant part, to match the layout of C unions.  There
+	 is an associated check below.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_record_type) == UNION_TYPE)
+	gnu_union_type = gnu_record_type;
+      else
+	{
+	  gnu_union_type
+	    = make_node (unchecked_union ? UNION_TYPE : QUAL_UNION_TYPE);
+
+	  TYPE_NAME (gnu_union_type) = gnu_union_name;
+	  TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_union_type) = 0;
+	  TYPE_PACKED (gnu_union_type) = TYPE_PACKED (gnu_record_type);
+	}
+
+      /* If all the fields down to this level have a rep clause, find out
+	 whether all the fields at this level also have one.  If so, then
+	 compute the new first free position to be passed downward.  */
+      this_first_free_pos = first_free_pos;
+      if (this_first_free_pos)
+	{
+	  for (gnu_field = gnu_field_list;
+	       gnu_field;
+	       gnu_field = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field))
+	    if (DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (gnu_field))
+	      {
+		tree pos = bit_position (gnu_field);
+		if (!tree_int_cst_lt (pos, this_first_free_pos))
+		  this_first_free_pos
+		    = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, pos, DECL_SIZE (gnu_field));
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		this_first_free_pos = NULL_TREE;
+		break;
+	      }
+	}
+
+      /* We build the variants in two passes.  The bulk of the work is done in
+	 the first pass, that is to say translating the GNAT nodes, building
+	 the container types and computing the associated properties.  However
+	 we cannot finish up the container types during this pass because we
+	 don't know where the variant part will be placed until the end.  */
+      for (variant = First_Non_Pragma (Variants (variant_part));
+	   Present (variant);
+	   variant = Next_Non_Pragma (variant))
+	{
+	  tree gnu_variant_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+	  tree gnu_inner_name, gnu_qual;
+	  bool has_rep;
+	  int field_packed;
+	  vinfo_t vinfo;
+
+	  Get_Variant_Encoding (variant);
+	  gnu_inner_name = get_identifier_with_length (Name_Buffer, Name_Len);
+	  TYPE_NAME (gnu_variant_type)
+	    = concat_name (gnu_union_name,
+			   IDENTIFIER_POINTER (gnu_inner_name));
+
+	  /* Set the alignment of the inner type in case we need to make
+	     inner objects into bitfields, but then clear it out so the
+	     record actually gets only the alignment required.  */
+	  TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_variant_type) = TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_record_type);
+	  TYPE_PACKED (gnu_variant_type) = TYPE_PACKED (gnu_record_type);
+
+	  /* Similarly, if the outer record has a size specified and all
+	     the fields have a rep clause, we can propagate the size.  */
+	  if (all_rep_and_size)
+	    {
+	      TYPE_SIZE (gnu_variant_type) = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_record_type);
+	      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_variant_type)
+		= TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_record_type);
+	    }
+
+	  /* Add the fields into the record type for the variant.  Note that
+	     we aren't sure to really use it at this point, see below.  */
+	  has_rep
+	    = components_to_record (gnu_variant_type, Component_List (variant),
+				    NULL_TREE, packed, definition,
+				    !all_rep_and_size, all_rep,
+				    unchecked_union,
+				    true, debug_info, true, reorder,
+				    this_first_free_pos,
+				    all_rep || this_first_free_pos
+				    ? NULL : &gnu_rep_list);
+
+	  /* Translate the qualifier and annotate the GNAT node.  */
+	  gnu_qual = choices_to_gnu (gnu_discr, Discrete_Choices (variant));
+	  Set_Present_Expr (variant, annotate_value (gnu_qual));
+
+	  /* Deal with packedness like in gnat_to_gnu_field.  */
+	  if (components_need_strict_alignment (Component_List (variant)))
+	    {
+	      field_packed = 0;
+	      union_field_needs_strict_alignment = true;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    field_packed
+	      = adjust_packed (gnu_variant_type, gnu_record_type, packed);
+
+	  /* Push this variant onto the stack for the second pass.  */
+	  vinfo.type = gnu_variant_type;
+	  vinfo.name = gnu_inner_name;
+	  vinfo.qual = gnu_qual;
+	  vinfo.has_rep = has_rep;
+	  vinfo.packed = field_packed;
+	  variant_types.safe_push (vinfo);
+
+	  /* Compute the global properties that will determine the placement of
+	     the variant part.  */
+	  variants_have_rep |= has_rep;
+	  if (!field_packed && TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_variant_type) > variants_align)
+	    variants_align = TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_variant_type);
+	}
+
+      /* Round up the first free position to the alignment of the variant part
+	 for the variants without rep clause.  This will guarantee a consistent
+	 layout independently of the placement of the variant part.  */
+      if (variants_have_rep && variants_align > 0 && this_first_free_pos)
+	this_first_free_pos = round_up (this_first_free_pos, variants_align);
+
+      /* In the second pass, the container types are adjusted if necessary and
+	 finished up, then the corresponding fields of the variant part are
+	 built with their qualifier, unless this is an unchecked union.  */
+      FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (variant_types, i, gnu_variant)
+	{
+	  tree gnu_variant_type = gnu_variant->type;
+	  tree gnu_field_list = TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_variant_type);
+
+	  /* If this is an Unchecked_Union whose fields are all in the variant
+	     part and we have a single field with no representation clause or
+	     placed at offset zero, use the field directly to match the layout
+	     of C unions.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_record_type) == UNION_TYPE
+	      && gnu_field_list
+	      && !DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field_list)
+	      && (!DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (gnu_field_list)
+		  || integer_zerop (bit_position (gnu_field_list))))
+	    {
+	      gnu_field = gnu_field_list;
+	      DECL_CONTEXT (gnu_field) = gnu_record_type;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      /* Finalize the variant type now.  We used to throw away empty
+		 record types but we no longer do that because we need them to
+		 generate complete debug info for the variant; otherwise, the
+		 union type definition will be lacking the fields associated
+		 with these empty variants.  */
+	      if (gnu_field_list && variants_have_rep && !gnu_variant->has_rep)
+		{
+		  /* The variant part will be at offset 0 so we need to ensure
+		     that the fields are laid out starting from the first free
+		     position at this level.  */
+		  tree gnu_rep_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+		  tree gnu_rep_part;
+		  finish_record_type (gnu_rep_type, NULL_TREE, 0, debug_info);
+		  gnu_rep_part
+		    = create_rep_part (gnu_rep_type, gnu_variant_type,
+				       this_first_free_pos);
+		  DECL_CHAIN (gnu_rep_part) = gnu_field_list;
+		  gnu_field_list = gnu_rep_part;
+		  finish_record_type (gnu_variant_type, gnu_field_list, 0,
+				      false);
+		}
+
+	      if (debug_info)
+		rest_of_record_type_compilation (gnu_variant_type);
+	      create_type_decl (TYPE_NAME (gnu_variant_type), gnu_variant_type,
+				true, debug_info, gnat_component_list);
+
+	      gnu_field
+		= create_field_decl (gnu_variant->name, gnu_variant_type,
+				     gnu_union_type,
+				     all_rep_and_size
+				     ? TYPE_SIZE (gnu_variant_type) : 0,
+				     variants_have_rep ? bitsize_zero_node : 0,
+				     gnu_variant->packed, 0);
+
+	      DECL_INTERNAL_P (gnu_field) = 1;
+
+	      if (!unchecked_union)
+		DECL_QUALIFIER (gnu_field) = gnu_variant->qual;
+	    }
+
+	  DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field) = gnu_variant_list;
+	  gnu_variant_list = gnu_field;
+	}
+
+      /* Only make the QUAL_UNION_TYPE if there are non-empty variants.  */
+      if (gnu_variant_list)
+	{
+	  int union_field_packed;
+
+	  if (all_rep_and_size)
+	    {
+	      TYPE_SIZE (gnu_union_type) = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_record_type);
+	      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_union_type)
+		= TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_record_type);
+	    }
+
+	  finish_record_type (gnu_union_type, nreverse (gnu_variant_list),
+			      all_rep_and_size ? 1 : 0, debug_info);
+
+	  /* If GNU_UNION_TYPE is our record type, it means we must have an
+	     Unchecked_Union with no fields.  Verify that and, if so, just
+	     return.  */
+	  if (gnu_union_type == gnu_record_type)
+	    {
+	      gcc_assert (unchecked_union
+			  && !gnu_field_list
+			  && !gnu_rep_list);
+	      return variants_have_rep;
+	    }
+
+	  create_type_decl (TYPE_NAME (gnu_union_type), gnu_union_type, true,
+			    debug_info, gnat_component_list);
+
+	  /* Deal with packedness like in gnat_to_gnu_field.  */
+	  if (union_field_needs_strict_alignment)
+	    union_field_packed = 0;
+	  else
+	    union_field_packed
+	      = adjust_packed (gnu_union_type, gnu_record_type, packed);
+
+	  gnu_variant_part
+	    = create_field_decl (gnu_var_name, gnu_union_type, gnu_record_type,
+				 all_rep_and_size
+				 ? TYPE_SIZE (gnu_union_type) : 0,
+				 variants_have_rep ? bitsize_zero_node : 0,
+				 union_field_packed, 0);
+
+	  DECL_INTERNAL_P (gnu_variant_part) = 1;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Scan GNU_FIELD_LIST and see if any fields have rep clauses and, if we are
+     permitted to reorder components, self-referential sizes or variable sizes.
+     If they do, pull them out and put them onto the appropriate list.  We have
+     to do this in a separate pass since we want to handle the discriminants
+     but can't play with them until we've used them in debugging data above.
+
+     Similarly, pull out the fields with zero size and no rep clause, as they
+     would otherwise modify the layout and thus very likely run afoul of the
+     Ada semantics, which are different from those of C here.
+
+     ??? If we reorder them, debugging information will be wrong but there is
+     nothing that can be done about this at the moment.  */
+  gnu_last = NULL_TREE;
+
+#define MOVE_FROM_FIELD_LIST_TO(LIST)	\
+  do {					\
+    if (gnu_last)			\
+      DECL_CHAIN (gnu_last) = gnu_next;	\
+    else				\
+      gnu_field_list = gnu_next;	\
+					\
+    DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field) = (LIST);	\
+    (LIST) = gnu_field;			\
+  } while (0)
+
+  for (gnu_field = gnu_field_list; gnu_field; gnu_field = gnu_next)
+    {
+      gnu_next = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field);
+
+      if (DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (gnu_field))
+	{
+	  MOVE_FROM_FIELD_LIST_TO (gnu_rep_list);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      if ((reorder || has_aliased_after_self_field)
+	  && field_has_self_size (gnu_field))
+	{
+	  MOVE_FROM_FIELD_LIST_TO (gnu_self_list);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      if (reorder && field_has_variable_size (gnu_field))
+	{
+	  MOVE_FROM_FIELD_LIST_TO (gnu_var_list);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      if (DECL_SIZE (gnu_field) && integer_zerop (DECL_SIZE (gnu_field)))
+	{
+	  DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (gnu_field) = size_zero_node;
+	  SET_DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN (gnu_field, BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT);
+	  DECL_FIELD_BIT_OFFSET (gnu_field) = bitsize_zero_node;
+	  if (field_is_aliased (gnu_field))
+	    TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_record_type)
+	      = MAX (TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_record_type),
+		     TYPE_ALIGN (TREE_TYPE (gnu_field)));
+	  MOVE_FROM_FIELD_LIST_TO (gnu_zero_list);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      gnu_last = gnu_field;
+    }
+
+#undef MOVE_FROM_FIELD_LIST_TO
+
+  gnu_field_list = nreverse (gnu_field_list);
+
+  /* If permitted, we reorder the fields as follows:
+
+       1) all fixed length fields,
+       2) all fields whose length doesn't depend on discriminants,
+       3) all fields whose length depends on discriminants,
+       4) the variant part,
+
+     within the record and within each variant recursively.  */
+  if (reorder)
+    gnu_field_list
+      = chainon (gnu_field_list, chainon (gnu_var_list, gnu_self_list));
+
+  /* Otherwise, if there is an aliased field placed after a field whose length
+     depends on discriminants, we put all the fields of the latter sort, last.
+     We need to do this in case an object of this record type is mutable.  */
+  else if (has_aliased_after_self_field)
+    gnu_field_list = chainon (gnu_field_list, gnu_self_list);
+
+  /* If P_REP_LIST is nonzero, this means that we are asked to move the fields
+     in our REP list to the previous level because this level needs them in
+     order to do a correct layout, i.e. avoid having overlapping fields.  */
+  if (p_gnu_rep_list && gnu_rep_list)
+    *p_gnu_rep_list = chainon (*p_gnu_rep_list, gnu_rep_list);
+
+  /* Otherwise, sort the fields by bit position and put them into their own
+     record, before the others, if we also have fields without rep clause.  */
+  else if (gnu_rep_list)
+    {
+      tree gnu_rep_type, gnu_rep_part;
+      int i, len = list_length (gnu_rep_list);
+      tree *gnu_arr = XALLOCAVEC (tree, len);
+
+      /* If all the fields have a rep clause, we can do a flat layout.  */
+      layout_with_rep = !gnu_field_list
+			&& (!gnu_variant_part || variants_have_rep);
+      gnu_rep_type
+	= layout_with_rep ? gnu_record_type : make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+
+      for (gnu_field = gnu_rep_list, i = 0;
+	   gnu_field;
+	   gnu_field = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field), i++)
+	gnu_arr[i] = gnu_field;
+
+      qsort (gnu_arr, len, sizeof (tree), compare_field_bitpos);
+
+      /* Put the fields in the list in order of increasing position, which
+	 means we start from the end.  */
+      gnu_rep_list = NULL_TREE;
+      for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+	{
+	  DECL_CHAIN (gnu_arr[i]) = gnu_rep_list;
+	  gnu_rep_list = gnu_arr[i];
+	  DECL_CONTEXT (gnu_arr[i]) = gnu_rep_type;
+	}
+
+      if (layout_with_rep)
+	gnu_field_list = gnu_rep_list;
+      else
+	{
+	  finish_record_type (gnu_rep_type, gnu_rep_list, 1, debug_info);
+
+	  /* If FIRST_FREE_POS is nonzero, we need to ensure that the fields
+	     without rep clause are laid out starting from this position.
+	     Therefore, we force it as a minimal size on the REP part.  */
+	  gnu_rep_part
+	    = create_rep_part (gnu_rep_type, gnu_record_type, first_free_pos);
+
+	  /* Chain the REP part at the beginning of the field list.  */
+	  DECL_CHAIN (gnu_rep_part) = gnu_field_list;
+	  gnu_field_list = gnu_rep_part;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Chain the variant part at the end of the field list.  */
+  if (gnu_variant_part)
+    gnu_field_list = chainon (gnu_field_list, gnu_variant_part);
+
+  if (cancel_alignment)
+    TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_record_type) = 0;
+
+  TYPE_ARTIFICIAL (gnu_record_type) = artificial;
+
+  finish_record_type (gnu_record_type, gnu_field_list, layout_with_rep ? 1 : 0,
+		      debug_info && !maybe_unused);
+
+  /* Chain the fields with zero size at the beginning of the field list.  */
+  if (gnu_zero_list)
+    TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_record_type)
+      = chainon (gnu_zero_list, TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_record_type));
+
+  return (gnu_rep_list && !p_gnu_rep_list) || variants_have_rep;
+}
+
+/* Given GNU_SIZE, a GCC tree representing a size, return a Uint to be
+   placed into an Esize, Component_Bit_Offset, or Component_Size value
+   in the GNAT tree.  */
+
+static Uint
+annotate_value (tree gnu_size)
+{
+  TCode tcode;
+  Node_Ref_Or_Val ops[3], ret, pre_op1 = No_Uint;
+  struct tree_int_map in;
+  int i;
+
+  /* See if we've already saved the value for this node.  */
+  if (EXPR_P (gnu_size))
+    {
+      struct tree_int_map *e;
+
+      if (!annotate_value_cache)
+        annotate_value_cache = htab_create_ggc (512, tree_int_map_hash,
+					        tree_int_map_eq, 0);
+      in.base.from = gnu_size;
+      e = (struct tree_int_map *)
+	    htab_find (annotate_value_cache, &in);
+
+      if (e)
+	return (Node_Ref_Or_Val) e->to;
+    }
+  else
+    in.base.from = NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* If we do not return inside this switch, TCODE will be set to the
+     code to use for a Create_Node operand and LEN (set above) will be
+     the number of recursive calls for us to make.  */
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE (gnu_size))
+    {
+    case INTEGER_CST:
+      return TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_size) ? No_Uint : UI_From_gnu (gnu_size);
+
+    case COMPONENT_REF:
+      /* The only case we handle here is a simple discriminant reference.  */
+      if (DECL_DISCRIMINANT_NUMBER (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_size, 1)))
+	{
+	  tree n = DECL_DISCRIMINANT_NUMBER (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_size, 1));
+
+	  /* Climb up the chain of successive extensions, if any.  */
+	  while (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_size, 0)) == COMPONENT_REF
+		 && DECL_NAME (TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_size, 0), 1))
+		    == parent_name_id)
+	    gnu_size = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_size, 0);
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_size, 0)) == PLACEHOLDER_EXPR)
+	    return
+	      Create_Node (Discrim_Val, annotate_value (n), No_Uint, No_Uint);
+	}
+
+      return No_Uint;
+
+    CASE_CONVERT:   case NON_LVALUE_EXPR:
+      return annotate_value (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_size, 0));
+
+      /* Now just list the operations we handle.  */
+    case COND_EXPR:		tcode = Cond_Expr; break;
+    case PLUS_EXPR:		tcode = Plus_Expr; break;
+    case MINUS_EXPR:		tcode = Minus_Expr; break;
+    case MULT_EXPR:		tcode = Mult_Expr; break;
+    case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:	tcode = Trunc_Div_Expr; break;
+    case CEIL_DIV_EXPR:		tcode = Ceil_Div_Expr; break;
+    case FLOOR_DIV_EXPR:	tcode = Floor_Div_Expr; break;
+    case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:	tcode = Trunc_Mod_Expr; break;
+    case CEIL_MOD_EXPR:		tcode = Ceil_Mod_Expr; break;
+    case FLOOR_MOD_EXPR:	tcode = Floor_Mod_Expr; break;
+    case EXACT_DIV_EXPR:	tcode = Exact_Div_Expr; break;
+    case NEGATE_EXPR:		tcode = Negate_Expr; break;
+    case MIN_EXPR:		tcode = Min_Expr; break;
+    case MAX_EXPR:		tcode = Max_Expr; break;
+    case ABS_EXPR:		tcode = Abs_Expr; break;
+    case TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR:	tcode = Truth_Andif_Expr; break;
+    case TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR:	tcode = Truth_Orif_Expr; break;
+    case TRUTH_AND_EXPR:	tcode = Truth_And_Expr; break;
+    case TRUTH_OR_EXPR:		tcode = Truth_Or_Expr; break;
+    case TRUTH_XOR_EXPR:	tcode = Truth_Xor_Expr; break;
+    case TRUTH_NOT_EXPR:	tcode = Truth_Not_Expr; break;
+    case LT_EXPR:		tcode = Lt_Expr; break;
+    case LE_EXPR:		tcode = Le_Expr; break;
+    case GT_EXPR:		tcode = Gt_Expr; break;
+    case GE_EXPR:		tcode = Ge_Expr; break;
+    case EQ_EXPR:		tcode = Eq_Expr; break;
+    case NE_EXPR:		tcode = Ne_Expr; break;
+
+    case BIT_AND_EXPR:
+      tcode = Bit_And_Expr;
+      /* For negative values, build NEGATE_EXPR of the opposite.  Such values
+	 appear in expressions containing aligning patterns.  Note that, since
+	 sizetype is unsigned, we have to jump through some hoops.   */
+      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_size, 1)) == INTEGER_CST)
+	{
+	  tree op1 = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_size, 1);
+	  double_int signed_op1
+	    = tree_to_double_int (op1).sext (TYPE_PRECISION (sizetype));
+	  if (signed_op1.is_negative ())
+	    {
+	      op1 = double_int_to_tree (sizetype, -signed_op1);
+	      pre_op1 = annotate_value (build1 (NEGATE_EXPR, sizetype, op1));
+	    }
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case CALL_EXPR:
+      {
+	tree t = maybe_inline_call_in_expr (gnu_size);
+	if (t)
+	  return annotate_value (t);
+      }
+
+      /* Fall through... */
+
+    default:
+      return No_Uint;
+    }
+
+  /* Now get each of the operands that's relevant for this code.  If any
+     cannot be expressed as a repinfo node, say we can't.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+    ops[i] = No_Uint;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < TREE_CODE_LENGTH (TREE_CODE (gnu_size)); i++)
+    {
+      if (i == 1 && pre_op1 != No_Uint)
+	ops[i] = pre_op1;
+      else
+	ops[i] = annotate_value (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_size, i));
+      if (ops[i] == No_Uint)
+	return No_Uint;
+    }
+
+  ret = Create_Node (tcode, ops[0], ops[1], ops[2]);
+
+  /* Save the result in the cache.  */
+  if (in.base.from)
+    {
+      struct tree_int_map **h;
+      /* We can't assume the hash table data hasn't moved since the
+	 initial look up, so we have to search again.  Allocating and
+	 inserting an entry at that point would be an alternative, but
+	 then we'd better discard the entry if we decided not to cache
+	 it.  */
+      h = (struct tree_int_map **)
+	    htab_find_slot (annotate_value_cache, &in, INSERT);
+      gcc_assert (!*h);
+      *h = ggc_alloc_tree_int_map ();
+      (*h)->base.from = gnu_size;
+      (*h)->to = ret;
+    }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Given GNAT_ENTITY, an object (constant, variable, parameter, exception)
+   and GNU_TYPE, its corresponding GCC type, set Esize and Alignment to the
+   size and alignment used by Gigi.  Prefer SIZE over TYPE_SIZE if non-null.
+   BY_REF is true if the object is used by reference.  */
+
+void
+annotate_object (Entity_Id gnat_entity, tree gnu_type, tree size, bool by_ref)
+{
+  if (by_ref)
+    {
+      if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_type))
+	gnu_type = TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (gnu_type);
+      else
+	gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_type);
+    }
+
+  if (Unknown_Esize (gnat_entity))
+    {
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (gnu_type))
+	size = TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type))));
+      else if (!size)
+	size = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type);
+
+      if (size)
+	Set_Esize (gnat_entity, annotate_value (size));
+    }
+
+  if (Unknown_Alignment (gnat_entity))
+    Set_Alignment (gnat_entity,
+		   UI_From_Int (TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type) / BITS_PER_UNIT));
+}
+
+/* Return first element of field list whose TREE_PURPOSE is the same as ELEM.
+   Return NULL_TREE if there is no such element in the list.  */
+
+static tree
+purpose_member_field (const_tree elem, tree list)
+{
+  while (list)
+    {
+      tree field = TREE_PURPOSE (list);
+      if (SAME_FIELD_P (field, elem))
+	return list;
+      list = TREE_CHAIN (list);
+    }
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Given GNAT_ENTITY, a record type, and GNU_TYPE, its corresponding GCC type,
+   set Component_Bit_Offset and Esize of the components to the position and
+   size used by Gigi.  */
+
+static void
+annotate_rep (Entity_Id gnat_entity, tree gnu_type)
+{
+  Entity_Id gnat_field;
+  tree gnu_list;
+
+  /* We operate by first making a list of all fields and their position (we
+     can get the size easily) and then update all the sizes in the tree.  */
+  gnu_list
+    = build_position_list (gnu_type, false, size_zero_node, bitsize_zero_node,
+			   BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT, NULL_TREE);
+
+  for (gnat_field = First_Entity (gnat_entity);
+       Present (gnat_field);
+       gnat_field = Next_Entity (gnat_field))
+    if (Ekind (gnat_field) == E_Component
+	|| (Ekind (gnat_field) == E_Discriminant
+	    && !Is_Unchecked_Union (Scope (gnat_field))))
+      {
+	tree t = purpose_member_field (gnat_to_gnu_field_decl (gnat_field),
+				       gnu_list);
+	if (t)
+	  {
+	    tree parent_offset;
+
+	    /* If we are just annotating types and the type is tagged, the tag
+	       and the parent components are not generated by the front-end so
+	       we need to add the appropriate offset to each component without
+	       representation clause.  */
+	    if (type_annotate_only
+		&& Is_Tagged_Type (gnat_entity)
+		&& No (Component_Clause (gnat_field)))
+	      {
+		/* For a component appearing in the current extension, the
+		   offset is the size of the parent.  */
+		if (Is_Derived_Type (gnat_entity)
+		    && Original_Record_Component (gnat_field) == gnat_field)
+		  parent_offset
+		    = UI_To_gnu (Esize (Etype (Base_Type (gnat_entity))),
+				 bitsizetype);
+		else
+		  parent_offset = bitsize_int (POINTER_SIZE);
+
+		if (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type))
+		  parent_offset
+		    = round_up (parent_offset,
+				DECL_ALIGN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)));
+	      }
+	    else
+	      parent_offset = bitsize_zero_node;
+
+	    Set_Component_Bit_Offset
+	      (gnat_field,
+	       annotate_value
+		 (size_binop (PLUS_EXPR,
+			      bit_from_pos (TREE_VEC_ELT (TREE_VALUE (t), 0),
+					    TREE_VEC_ELT (TREE_VALUE (t), 2)),
+			      parent_offset)));
+
+	    Set_Esize (gnat_field,
+		       annotate_value (DECL_SIZE (TREE_PURPOSE (t))));
+	  }
+	else if (Is_Tagged_Type (gnat_entity) && Is_Derived_Type (gnat_entity))
+	  {
+	    /* If there is no entry, this is an inherited component whose
+	       position is the same as in the parent type.  */
+	    Set_Component_Bit_Offset
+	      (gnat_field,
+	       Component_Bit_Offset (Original_Record_Component (gnat_field)));
+
+	    Set_Esize (gnat_field,
+		       Esize (Original_Record_Component (gnat_field)));
+	  }
+      }
+}
+
+/* Scan all fields in GNU_TYPE and return a TREE_LIST where TREE_PURPOSE is
+   the FIELD_DECL and TREE_VALUE a TREE_VEC containing the byte position, the
+   value to be placed into DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN and the bit position.  The list
+   of fields is flattened, except for variant parts if DO_NOT_FLATTEN_VARIANT
+   is set to true.  GNU_POS is to be added to the position, GNU_BITPOS to the
+   bit position, OFFSET_ALIGN is the present offset alignment.  GNU_LIST is a
+   pre-existing list to be chained to the newly created entries.  */
+
+static tree
+build_position_list (tree gnu_type, bool do_not_flatten_variant, tree gnu_pos,
+		     tree gnu_bitpos, unsigned int offset_align, tree gnu_list)
+{
+  tree gnu_field;
+
+  for (gnu_field = TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type);
+       gnu_field;
+       gnu_field = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field))
+    {
+      tree gnu_our_bitpos = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_bitpos,
+					DECL_FIELD_BIT_OFFSET (gnu_field));
+      tree gnu_our_offset = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_pos,
+					DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (gnu_field));
+      unsigned int our_offset_align
+	= MIN (offset_align, DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN (gnu_field));
+      tree v = make_tree_vec (3);
+
+      TREE_VEC_ELT (v, 0) = gnu_our_offset;
+      TREE_VEC_ELT (v, 1) = size_int (our_offset_align);
+      TREE_VEC_ELT (v, 2) = gnu_our_bitpos;
+      gnu_list = tree_cons (gnu_field, v, gnu_list);
+
+      /* Recurse on internal fields, flattening the nested fields except for
+	 those in the variant part, if requested.  */
+      if (DECL_INTERNAL_P (gnu_field))
+	{
+	  tree gnu_field_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_field);
+	  if (do_not_flatten_variant
+	      && TREE_CODE (gnu_field_type) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
+	    gnu_list
+	      = build_position_list (gnu_field_type, do_not_flatten_variant,
+				     size_zero_node, bitsize_zero_node,
+				     BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT, gnu_list);
+	  else
+	    gnu_list
+	      = build_position_list (gnu_field_type, do_not_flatten_variant,
+				     gnu_our_offset, gnu_our_bitpos,
+				     our_offset_align, gnu_list);
+	}
+    }
+
+  return gnu_list;
+}
+
+/* Return a list describing the substitutions needed to reflect the
+   discriminant substitutions from GNAT_TYPE to GNAT_SUBTYPE.  They can
+   be in any order.  The values in an element of the list are in the form
+   of operands to SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR.  DEFINITION is true if this is for
+   a definition of GNAT_SUBTYPE.  */
+
+static vec<subst_pair>
+build_subst_list (Entity_Id gnat_subtype, Entity_Id gnat_type, bool definition)
+{
+  vec<subst_pair> gnu_list = vNULL;
+  Entity_Id gnat_discrim;
+  Node_Id gnat_constr;
+
+  for (gnat_discrim = First_Stored_Discriminant (gnat_type),
+       gnat_constr = First_Elmt (Stored_Constraint (gnat_subtype));
+       Present (gnat_discrim);
+       gnat_discrim = Next_Stored_Discriminant (gnat_discrim),
+       gnat_constr = Next_Elmt (gnat_constr))
+    /* Ignore access discriminants.  */
+    if (!Is_Access_Type (Etype (Node (gnat_constr))))
+      {
+	tree gnu_field = gnat_to_gnu_field_decl (gnat_discrim);
+	tree replacement = convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_field),
+				    elaborate_expression
+				    (Node (gnat_constr), gnat_subtype,
+				     get_entity_name (gnat_discrim),
+				     definition, true, false));
+	subst_pair s = {gnu_field, replacement};
+	gnu_list.safe_push (s);
+      }
+
+  return gnu_list;
+}
+
+/* Scan all fields in QUAL_UNION_TYPE and return a list describing the
+   variants of QUAL_UNION_TYPE that are still relevant after applying
+   the substitutions described in SUBST_LIST.  GNU_LIST is a pre-existing
+   list to be prepended to the newly created entries.  */
+
+static vec<variant_desc>
+build_variant_list (tree qual_union_type, vec<subst_pair> subst_list,
+		    vec<variant_desc> gnu_list)
+{
+  tree gnu_field;
+
+  for (gnu_field = TYPE_FIELDS (qual_union_type);
+       gnu_field;
+       gnu_field = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field))
+    {
+      tree qual = DECL_QUALIFIER (gnu_field);
+      unsigned int i;
+      subst_pair *s;
+
+      FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (subst_list, i, s)
+	qual = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (qual, s->discriminant, s->replacement);
+
+      /* If the new qualifier is not unconditionally false, its variant may
+	 still be accessed.  */
+      if (!integer_zerop (qual))
+	{
+	  tree variant_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_field), variant_subpart;
+	  variant_desc v = {variant_type, gnu_field, qual, NULL_TREE};
+
+	  gnu_list.safe_push (v);
+
+	  /* Recurse on the variant subpart of the variant, if any.  */
+	  variant_subpart = get_variant_part (variant_type);
+	  if (variant_subpart)
+	    gnu_list = build_variant_list (TREE_TYPE (variant_subpart),
+					   subst_list, gnu_list);
+
+	  /* If the new qualifier is unconditionally true, the subsequent
+	     variants cannot be accessed.  */
+	  if (integer_onep (qual))
+	    break;
+	}
+    }
+
+  return gnu_list;
+}
+
+/* UINT_SIZE is a Uint giving the specified size for an object of GNU_TYPE
+   corresponding to GNAT_OBJECT.  If the size is valid, return an INTEGER_CST
+   corresponding to its value.  Otherwise, return NULL_TREE.  KIND is set to
+   VAR_DECL if we are specifying the size of an object, TYPE_DECL for the
+   size of a type, and FIELD_DECL for the size of a field.  COMPONENT_P is
+   true if we are being called to process the Component_Size of GNAT_OBJECT;
+   this is used only for error messages.  ZERO_OK is true if a size of zero
+   is permitted; if ZERO_OK is false, it means that a size of zero should be
+   treated as an unspecified size.  */
+
+static tree
+validate_size (Uint uint_size, tree gnu_type, Entity_Id gnat_object,
+	       enum tree_code kind, bool component_p, bool zero_ok)
+{
+  Node_Id gnat_error_node;
+  tree type_size, size;
+
+  /* Return 0 if no size was specified.  */
+  if (uint_size == No_Uint)
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* Ignore a negative size since that corresponds to our back-annotation.  */
+  if (UI_Lt (uint_size, Uint_0))
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* Find the node to use for error messages.  */
+  if ((Ekind (gnat_object) == E_Component
+       || Ekind (gnat_object) == E_Discriminant)
+      && Present (Component_Clause (gnat_object)))
+    gnat_error_node = Last_Bit (Component_Clause (gnat_object));
+  else if (Present (Size_Clause (gnat_object)))
+    gnat_error_node = Expression (Size_Clause (gnat_object));
+  else
+    gnat_error_node = gnat_object;
+
+  /* Get the size as an INTEGER_CST.  Issue an error if a size was specified
+     but cannot be represented in bitsizetype.  */
+  size = UI_To_gnu (uint_size, bitsizetype);
+  if (TREE_OVERFLOW (size))
+    {
+      if (component_p)
+	post_error_ne ("component size for& is too large", gnat_error_node,
+		       gnat_object);
+      else
+	post_error_ne ("size for& is too large", gnat_error_node,
+		       gnat_object);
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  /* Ignore a zero size if it is not permitted.  */
+  if (!zero_ok && integer_zerop (size))
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* The size of objects is always a multiple of a byte.  */
+  if (kind == VAR_DECL
+      && !integer_zerop (size_binop (TRUNC_MOD_EXPR, size, bitsize_unit_node)))
+    {
+      if (component_p)
+	post_error_ne ("component size for& is not a multiple of Storage_Unit",
+		       gnat_error_node, gnat_object);
+      else
+	post_error_ne ("size for& is not a multiple of Storage_Unit",
+		       gnat_error_node, gnat_object);
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is an integral type or a packed array type, the front-end has
+     already verified the size, so we need not do it here (which would mean
+     checking against the bounds).  However, if this is an aliased object,
+     it may not be smaller than the type of the object.  */
+  if ((INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_type) || TYPE_IS_PACKED_ARRAY_TYPE_P (gnu_type))
+      && !(kind == VAR_DECL && Is_Aliased (gnat_object)))
+    return size;
+
+  /* If the object is a record that contains a template, add the size of the
+     template to the specified size.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+      && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (gnu_type))
+    size = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, DECL_SIZE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)), size);
+
+  if (kind == VAR_DECL
+      /* If a type needs strict alignment, a component of this type in
+	 a packed record cannot be packed and thus uses the type size.  */
+      || (kind == TYPE_DECL && Strict_Alignment (gnat_object)))
+    type_size = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type);
+  else
+    type_size = rm_size (gnu_type);
+
+  /* Modify the size of a discriminated type to be the maximum size.  */
+  if (type_size && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (type_size))
+    type_size = max_size (type_size, true);
+
+  /* If this is an access type or a fat pointer, the minimum size is that given
+     by the smallest integral mode that's valid for pointers.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == POINTER_TYPE || TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_type))
+    {
+      enum machine_mode p_mode = GET_CLASS_NARROWEST_MODE (MODE_INT);
+      while (!targetm.valid_pointer_mode (p_mode))
+	p_mode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (p_mode);
+      type_size = bitsize_int (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (p_mode));
+    }
+
+  /* Issue an error either if the default size of the object isn't a constant
+     or if the new size is smaller than it.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (type_size) != INTEGER_CST
+      || TREE_OVERFLOW (type_size)
+      || tree_int_cst_lt (size, type_size))
+    {
+      if (component_p)
+	post_error_ne_tree
+	  ("component size for& too small{, minimum allowed is ^}",
+	   gnat_error_node, gnat_object, type_size);
+      else
+	post_error_ne_tree
+	  ("size for& too small{, minimum allowed is ^}",
+	   gnat_error_node, gnat_object, type_size);
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  return size;
+}
+
+/* Similarly, but both validate and process a value of RM size.  This routine
+   is only called for types.  */
+
+static void
+set_rm_size (Uint uint_size, tree gnu_type, Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  Node_Id gnat_attr_node;
+  tree old_size, size;
+
+  /* Do nothing if no size was specified.  */
+  if (uint_size == No_Uint)
+    return;
+
+  /* Ignore a negative size since that corresponds to our back-annotation.  */
+  if (UI_Lt (uint_size, Uint_0))
+    return;
+
+  /* Only issue an error if a Value_Size clause was explicitly given.
+     Otherwise, we'd be duplicating an error on the Size clause.  */
+  gnat_attr_node
+    = Get_Attribute_Definition_Clause (gnat_entity, Attr_Value_Size);
+
+  /* Get the size as an INTEGER_CST.  Issue an error if a size was specified
+     but cannot be represented in bitsizetype.  */
+  size = UI_To_gnu (uint_size, bitsizetype);
+  if (TREE_OVERFLOW (size))
+    {
+      if (Present (gnat_attr_node))
+	post_error_ne ("Value_Size for& is too large", gnat_attr_node,
+		       gnat_entity);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Ignore a zero size unless a Value_Size clause exists, or a size clause
+     exists, or this is an integer type, in which case the front-end will
+     have always set it.  */
+  if (No (gnat_attr_node)
+      && integer_zerop (size)
+      && !Has_Size_Clause (gnat_entity)
+      && !Is_Discrete_Or_Fixed_Point_Type (gnat_entity))
+    return;
+
+  old_size = rm_size (gnu_type);
+
+  /* If the old size is self-referential, get the maximum size.  */
+  if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (old_size))
+    old_size = max_size (old_size, true);
+
+  /* Issue an error either if the old size of the object isn't a constant or
+     if the new size is smaller than it.  The front-end has already verified
+     this for scalar and packed array types.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (old_size) != INTEGER_CST
+      || TREE_OVERFLOW (old_size)
+      || (AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+	  && !(TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	       && TYPE_PACKED_ARRAY_TYPE_P (gnu_type))
+	  && !(TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_type)
+	       && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type))) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	       && TYPE_PACKED_ARRAY_TYPE_P
+		  (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type))))
+	  && tree_int_cst_lt (size, old_size)))
+    {
+      if (Present (gnat_attr_node))
+	post_error_ne_tree
+	  ("Value_Size for& too small{, minimum allowed is ^}",
+	   gnat_attr_node, gnat_entity, old_size);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Otherwise, set the RM size proper for integral types...  */
+  if ((TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+       && Is_Discrete_Or_Fixed_Point_Type (gnat_entity))
+      || (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE
+	  || TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == BOOLEAN_TYPE))
+    SET_TYPE_RM_SIZE (gnu_type, size);
+
+  /* ...or the Ada size for record and union types.  */
+  else if (RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+	   && !TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_type))
+    SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE (gnu_type, size);
+}
+
+/* ALIGNMENT is a Uint giving the alignment specified for GNAT_ENTITY,
+   a type or object whose present alignment is ALIGN.  If this alignment is
+   valid, return it.  Otherwise, give an error and return ALIGN.  */
+
+static unsigned int
+validate_alignment (Uint alignment, Entity_Id gnat_entity, unsigned int align)
+{
+  unsigned int max_allowed_alignment = get_target_maximum_allowed_alignment ();
+  unsigned int new_align;
+  Node_Id gnat_error_node;
+
+  /* Don't worry about checking alignment if alignment was not specified
+     by the source program and we already posted an error for this entity.  */
+  if (Error_Posted (gnat_entity) && !Has_Alignment_Clause (gnat_entity))
+    return align;
+
+  /* Post the error on the alignment clause if any.  Note, for the implicit
+     base type of an array type, the alignment clause is on the first
+     subtype.  */
+  if (Present (Alignment_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+    gnat_error_node = Expression (Alignment_Clause (gnat_entity));
+
+  else if (Is_Itype (gnat_entity)
+           && Is_Array_Type (gnat_entity)
+           && Etype (gnat_entity) == gnat_entity
+           && Present (Alignment_Clause (First_Subtype (gnat_entity))))
+    gnat_error_node =
+      Expression (Alignment_Clause (First_Subtype (gnat_entity)));
+
+  else
+    gnat_error_node = gnat_entity;
+
+  /* Within GCC, an alignment is an integer, so we must make sure a value is
+     specified that fits in that range.  Also, there is an upper bound to
+     alignments we can support/allow.  */
+  if (!UI_Is_In_Int_Range (alignment)
+      || ((new_align = UI_To_Int (alignment)) > max_allowed_alignment))
+    post_error_ne_num ("largest supported alignment for& is ^",
+		       gnat_error_node, gnat_entity, max_allowed_alignment);
+  else if (!(Present (Alignment_Clause (gnat_entity))
+	     && From_At_Mod (Alignment_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	   && new_align * BITS_PER_UNIT < align)
+    {
+      unsigned int double_align;
+      bool is_capped_double, align_clause;
+
+      /* If the default alignment of "double" or larger scalar types is
+	 specifically capped and the new alignment is above the cap, do
+	 not post an error and change the alignment only if there is an
+	 alignment clause; this makes it possible to have the associated
+	 GCC type overaligned by default for performance reasons.  */
+      if ((double_align = double_float_alignment) > 0)
+	{
+	  Entity_Id gnat_type
+	    = Is_Type (gnat_entity) ? gnat_entity : Etype (gnat_entity);
+	  is_capped_double
+	    = is_double_float_or_array (gnat_type, &align_clause);
+	}
+      else if ((double_align = double_scalar_alignment) > 0)
+	{
+	  Entity_Id gnat_type
+	    = Is_Type (gnat_entity) ? gnat_entity : Etype (gnat_entity);
+	  is_capped_double
+	    = is_double_scalar_or_array (gnat_type, &align_clause);
+	}
+      else
+	is_capped_double = align_clause = false;
+
+      if (is_capped_double && new_align >= double_align)
+	{
+	  if (align_clause)
+	    align = new_align * BITS_PER_UNIT;
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  if (is_capped_double)
+	    align = double_align * BITS_PER_UNIT;
+
+	  post_error_ne_num ("alignment for& must be at least ^",
+			     gnat_error_node, gnat_entity,
+			     align / BITS_PER_UNIT);
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      new_align = (new_align > 0 ? new_align * BITS_PER_UNIT : 1);
+      if (new_align > align)
+	align = new_align;
+    }
+
+  return align;
+}
+
+/* Verify that OBJECT, a type or decl, is something we can implement
+   atomically.  If not, give an error for GNAT_ENTITY.  COMP_P is true
+   if we require atomic components.  */
+
+static void
+check_ok_for_atomic (tree object, Entity_Id gnat_entity, bool comp_p)
+{
+  Node_Id gnat_error_point = gnat_entity;
+  Node_Id gnat_node;
+  enum machine_mode mode;
+  unsigned int align;
+  tree size;
+
+  /* There are three case of what OBJECT can be.  It can be a type, in which
+     case we take the size, alignment and mode from the type.  It can be a
+     declaration that was indirect, in which case the relevant values are
+     that of the type being pointed to, or it can be a normal declaration,
+     in which case the values are of the decl.  The code below assumes that
+     OBJECT is either a type or a decl.  */
+  if (TYPE_P (object))
+    {
+      /* If this is an anonymous base type, nothing to check.  Error will be
+	 reported on the source type.  */
+      if (!Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity))
+	return;
+
+      mode = TYPE_MODE (object);
+      align = TYPE_ALIGN (object);
+      size = TYPE_SIZE (object);
+    }
+  else if (DECL_BY_REF_P (object))
+    {
+      mode = TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (object)));
+      align = TYPE_ALIGN (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (object)));
+      size = TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (object)));
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      mode = DECL_MODE (object);
+      align = DECL_ALIGN (object);
+      size = DECL_SIZE (object);
+    }
+
+  /* Consider all floating-point types atomic and any types that that are
+     represented by integers no wider than a machine word.  */
+  if (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_FLOAT
+      || ((GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
+	   || GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_PARTIAL_INT)
+	  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= BITS_PER_WORD))
+    return;
+
+  /* For the moment, also allow anything that has an alignment equal
+     to its size and which is smaller than a word.  */
+  if (size && TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST
+      && compare_tree_int (size, align) == 0
+      && align <= BITS_PER_WORD)
+    return;
+
+  for (gnat_node = First_Rep_Item (gnat_entity); Present (gnat_node);
+       gnat_node = Next_Rep_Item (gnat_node))
+    {
+      if (!comp_p && Nkind (gnat_node) == N_Pragma
+	  && (Get_Pragma_Id (Chars (Pragma_Identifier (gnat_node)))
+              == Pragma_Atomic))
+	gnat_error_point = First (Pragma_Argument_Associations (gnat_node));
+      else if (comp_p && Nkind (gnat_node) == N_Pragma
+	       && (Get_Pragma_Id (Chars (Pragma_Identifier (gnat_node)))
+		   == Pragma_Atomic_Components))
+	gnat_error_point = First (Pragma_Argument_Associations (gnat_node));
+    }
+
+  if (comp_p)
+    post_error_ne ("atomic access to component of & cannot be guaranteed",
+		   gnat_error_point, gnat_entity);
+  else
+    post_error_ne ("atomic access to & cannot be guaranteed",
+		   gnat_error_point, gnat_entity);
+}
+
+
+/* Helper for the intrin compatibility checks family.  Evaluate whether
+   two types are definitely incompatible.  */
+
+static bool
+intrin_types_incompatible_p (tree t1, tree t2)
+{
+  enum tree_code code;
+
+  if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1) == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2))
+    return false;
+
+  if (TYPE_MODE (t1) != TYPE_MODE (t2))
+    return true;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (t1) != TREE_CODE (t2))
+    return true;
+
+  code = TREE_CODE (t1);
+
+  switch (code)
+    {
+    case INTEGER_TYPE:
+    case REAL_TYPE:
+      return TYPE_PRECISION (t1) != TYPE_PRECISION (t2);
+
+    case POINTER_TYPE:
+    case REFERENCE_TYPE:
+      /* Assume designated types are ok.  We'd need to account for char * and
+	 void * variants to do better, which could rapidly get messy and isn't
+	 clearly worth the effort.  */
+      return false;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Helper for intrin_profiles_compatible_p, to perform compatibility checks
+   on the Ada/builtin argument lists for the INB binding.  */
+
+static bool
+intrin_arglists_compatible_p (intrin_binding_t * inb)
+{
+  function_args_iterator ada_iter, btin_iter;
+
+  function_args_iter_init (&ada_iter, inb->ada_fntype);
+  function_args_iter_init (&btin_iter, inb->btin_fntype);
+
+  /* Sequence position of the last argument we checked.  */
+  int argpos = 0;
+
+  while (1)
+    {
+      tree ada_type = function_args_iter_cond (&ada_iter);
+      tree btin_type = function_args_iter_cond (&btin_iter);
+
+      /* If we've exhausted both lists simultaneously, we're done.  */
+      if (ada_type == NULL_TREE && btin_type == NULL_TREE)
+	break;
+
+      /* If one list is shorter than the other, they fail to match.  */
+      if (ada_type == NULL_TREE || btin_type == NULL_TREE)
+	return false;
+
+      /* If we're done with the Ada args and not with the internal builtin
+	 args, or the other way around, complain.  */
+      if (ada_type == void_type_node
+	  && btin_type != void_type_node)
+	{
+	  post_error ("?Ada arguments list too short!", inb->gnat_entity);
+	  return false;
+	}
+
+      if (btin_type == void_type_node
+	  && ada_type != void_type_node)
+	{
+	  post_error_ne_num ("?Ada arguments list too long ('> ^)!",
+			     inb->gnat_entity, inb->gnat_entity, argpos);
+	  return false;
+	}
+
+      /* Otherwise, check that types match for the current argument.  */
+      argpos ++;
+      if (intrin_types_incompatible_p (ada_type, btin_type))
+	{
+	  post_error_ne_num ("?intrinsic binding type mismatch on argument ^!",
+			     inb->gnat_entity, inb->gnat_entity, argpos);
+	  return false;
+	}
+
+
+      function_args_iter_next (&ada_iter);
+      function_args_iter_next (&btin_iter);
+    }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Helper for intrin_profiles_compatible_p, to perform compatibility checks
+   on the Ada/builtin return values for the INB binding.  */
+
+static bool
+intrin_return_compatible_p (intrin_binding_t * inb)
+{
+  tree ada_return_type = TREE_TYPE (inb->ada_fntype);
+  tree btin_return_type = TREE_TYPE (inb->btin_fntype);
+
+  /* Accept function imported as procedure, common and convenient.  */
+  if (VOID_TYPE_P (ada_return_type)
+      && !VOID_TYPE_P (btin_return_type))
+    return true;
+
+  /* If return type is Address (integer type), map it to void *.  */
+  if (Is_Descendent_Of_Address (Etype (inb->gnat_entity)))
+    ada_return_type = ptr_void_type_node;
+
+  /* Check return types compatibility otherwise.  Note that this
+     handles void/void as well.  */
+  if (intrin_types_incompatible_p (btin_return_type, ada_return_type))
+    {
+      post_error ("?intrinsic binding type mismatch on return value!",
+		  inb->gnat_entity);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Check and return whether the Ada and gcc builtin profiles bound by INB are
+   compatible.  Issue relevant warnings when they are not.
+
+   This is intended as a light check to diagnose the most obvious cases, not
+   as a full fledged type compatibility predicate.  It is the programmer's
+   responsibility to ensure correctness of the Ada declarations in Imports,
+   especially when binding straight to a compiler internal.  */
+
+static bool
+intrin_profiles_compatible_p (intrin_binding_t * inb)
+{
+  /* Check compatibility on return values and argument lists, each responsible
+     for posting warnings as appropriate.  Ensure use of the proper sloc for
+     this purpose.  */
+
+  bool arglists_compatible_p, return_compatible_p;
+  location_t saved_location = input_location;
+
+  Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (inb->gnat_entity), &input_location);
+
+  return_compatible_p = intrin_return_compatible_p (inb);
+  arglists_compatible_p = intrin_arglists_compatible_p (inb);
+
+  input_location = saved_location;
+
+  return return_compatible_p && arglists_compatible_p;
+}
+
+/* Return a FIELD_DECL node modeled on OLD_FIELD.  FIELD_TYPE is its type
+   and RECORD_TYPE is the type of the parent.  If SIZE is nonzero, it is the
+   specified size for this field.  POS_LIST is a position list describing
+   the layout of OLD_FIELD and SUBST_LIST a substitution list to be applied
+   to this layout.  */
+
+static tree
+create_field_decl_from (tree old_field, tree field_type, tree record_type,
+			tree size, tree pos_list,
+			vec<subst_pair> subst_list)
+{
+  tree t = TREE_VALUE (purpose_member (old_field, pos_list));
+  tree pos = TREE_VEC_ELT (t, 0), bitpos = TREE_VEC_ELT (t, 2);
+  unsigned int offset_align = tree_to_uhwi (TREE_VEC_ELT (t, 1));
+  tree new_pos, new_field;
+  unsigned int i;
+  subst_pair *s;
+
+  if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (pos))
+    FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (subst_list, i, s)
+      pos = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (pos, s->discriminant, s->replacement);
+
+  /* If the position is now a constant, we can set it as the position of the
+     field when we make it.  Otherwise, we need to deal with it specially.  */
+  if (TREE_CONSTANT (pos))
+    new_pos = bit_from_pos (pos, bitpos);
+  else
+    new_pos = NULL_TREE;
+
+  new_field
+    = create_field_decl (DECL_NAME (old_field), field_type, record_type,
+			 size, new_pos, DECL_PACKED (old_field),
+			 !DECL_NONADDRESSABLE_P (old_field));
+
+  if (!new_pos)
+    {
+      normalize_offset (&pos, &bitpos, offset_align);
+      DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (new_field) = pos;
+      DECL_FIELD_BIT_OFFSET (new_field) = bitpos;
+      SET_DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN (new_field, offset_align);
+      DECL_SIZE (new_field) = size;
+      DECL_SIZE_UNIT (new_field)
+	= convert (sizetype,
+		   size_binop (CEIL_DIV_EXPR, size, bitsize_unit_node));
+      layout_decl (new_field, DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN (new_field));
+    }
+
+  DECL_INTERNAL_P (new_field) = DECL_INTERNAL_P (old_field);
+  SET_DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD_TO_FIELD (new_field, old_field);
+  DECL_DISCRIMINANT_NUMBER (new_field) = DECL_DISCRIMINANT_NUMBER (old_field);
+  TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (new_field) = TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (old_field);
+
+  return new_field;
+}
+
+/* Create the REP part of RECORD_TYPE with REP_TYPE.  If MIN_SIZE is nonzero,
+   it is the minimal size the REP_PART must have.  */
+
+static tree
+create_rep_part (tree rep_type, tree record_type, tree min_size)
+{
+  tree field;
+
+  if (min_size && !tree_int_cst_lt (TYPE_SIZE (rep_type), min_size))
+    min_size = NULL_TREE;
+
+  field = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("REP"), rep_type, record_type,
+			     min_size, NULL_TREE, 0, 1);
+  DECL_INTERNAL_P (field) = 1;
+
+  return field;
+}
+
+/* Return the REP part of RECORD_TYPE, if any.  Otherwise return NULL.  */
+
+static tree
+get_rep_part (tree record_type)
+{
+  tree field = TYPE_FIELDS (record_type);
+
+  /* The REP part is the first field, internal, another record, and its name
+     starts with an 'R'.  */
+  if (field
+      && DECL_INTERNAL_P (field)
+      && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (field)) == RECORD_TYPE
+      && IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (field)) [0] == 'R')
+    return field;
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Return the variant part of RECORD_TYPE, if any.  Otherwise return NULL.  */
+
+tree
+get_variant_part (tree record_type)
+{
+  tree field;
+
+  /* The variant part is the only internal field that is a qualified union.  */
+  for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (record_type); field; field = DECL_CHAIN (field))
+    if (DECL_INTERNAL_P (field)
+	&& TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (field)) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
+      return field;
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Return a new variant part modeled on OLD_VARIANT_PART.  VARIANT_LIST is
+   the list of variants to be used and RECORD_TYPE is the type of the parent.
+   POS_LIST is a position list describing the layout of fields present in
+   OLD_VARIANT_PART and SUBST_LIST a substitution list to be applied to this
+   layout.  */
+
+static tree
+create_variant_part_from (tree old_variant_part,
+			  vec<variant_desc> variant_list,
+			  tree record_type, tree pos_list,
+			  vec<subst_pair> subst_list)
+{
+  tree offset = DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (old_variant_part);
+  tree old_union_type = TREE_TYPE (old_variant_part);
+  tree new_union_type, new_variant_part;
+  tree union_field_list = NULL_TREE;
+  variant_desc *v;
+  unsigned int i;
+
+  /* First create the type of the variant part from that of the old one.  */
+  new_union_type = make_node (QUAL_UNION_TYPE);
+  TYPE_NAME (new_union_type)
+    = concat_name (TYPE_NAME (record_type),
+		   IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (old_variant_part)));
+
+  /* If the position of the variant part is constant, subtract it from the
+     size of the type of the parent to get the new size.  This manual CSE
+     reduces the code size when not optimizing.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (offset) == INTEGER_CST)
+    {
+      tree bitpos = DECL_FIELD_BIT_OFFSET (old_variant_part);
+      tree first_bit = bit_from_pos (offset, bitpos);
+      TYPE_SIZE (new_union_type)
+	= size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, TYPE_SIZE (record_type), first_bit);
+      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (new_union_type)
+	= size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (record_type),
+		      byte_from_pos (offset, bitpos));
+      SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE (new_union_type,
+			 size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, TYPE_ADA_SIZE (record_type),
+ 				     first_bit));
+      TYPE_ALIGN (new_union_type) = TYPE_ALIGN (old_union_type);
+      relate_alias_sets (new_union_type, old_union_type, ALIAS_SET_COPY);
+    }
+  else
+    copy_and_substitute_in_size (new_union_type, old_union_type, subst_list);
+
+  /* Now finish up the new variants and populate the union type.  */
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT_REVERSE (variant_list, i, v)
+    {
+      tree old_field = v->field, new_field;
+      tree old_variant, old_variant_subpart, new_variant, field_list;
+
+      /* Skip variants that don't belong to this nesting level.  */
+      if (DECL_CONTEXT (old_field) != old_union_type)
+	continue;
+
+      /* Retrieve the list of fields already added to the new variant.  */
+      new_variant = v->new_type;
+      field_list = TYPE_FIELDS (new_variant);
+
+      /* If the old variant had a variant subpart, we need to create a new
+	 variant subpart and add it to the field list.  */
+      old_variant = v->type;
+      old_variant_subpart = get_variant_part (old_variant);
+      if (old_variant_subpart)
+	{
+	  tree new_variant_subpart
+	    = create_variant_part_from (old_variant_subpart, variant_list,
+					new_variant, pos_list, subst_list);
+	  DECL_CHAIN (new_variant_subpart) = field_list;
+	  field_list = new_variant_subpart;
+	}
+
+      /* Finish up the new variant and create the field.  No need for debug
+	 info thanks to the XVS type.  */
+      finish_record_type (new_variant, nreverse (field_list), 2, false);
+      compute_record_mode (new_variant);
+      create_type_decl (TYPE_NAME (new_variant), new_variant, true, false,
+			Empty);
+
+      new_field
+	= create_field_decl_from (old_field, new_variant, new_union_type,
+				  TYPE_SIZE (new_variant),
+				  pos_list, subst_list);
+      DECL_QUALIFIER (new_field) = v->qual;
+      DECL_INTERNAL_P (new_field) = 1;
+      DECL_CHAIN (new_field) = union_field_list;
+      union_field_list = new_field;
+    }
+
+  /* Finish up the union type and create the variant part.  No need for debug
+     info thanks to the XVS type.  Note that we don't reverse the field list
+     because VARIANT_LIST has been traversed in reverse order.  */
+  finish_record_type (new_union_type, union_field_list, 2, false);
+  compute_record_mode (new_union_type);
+  create_type_decl (TYPE_NAME (new_union_type), new_union_type, true, false,
+		    Empty);
+
+  new_variant_part
+    = create_field_decl_from (old_variant_part, new_union_type, record_type,
+			      TYPE_SIZE (new_union_type),
+			      pos_list, subst_list);
+  DECL_INTERNAL_P (new_variant_part) = 1;
+
+  /* With multiple discriminants it is possible for an inner variant to be
+     statically selected while outer ones are not; in this case, the list
+     of fields of the inner variant is not flattened and we end up with a
+     qualified union with a single member.  Drop the useless container.  */
+  if (!DECL_CHAIN (union_field_list))
+    {
+      DECL_CONTEXT (union_field_list) = record_type;
+      DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (union_field_list)
+	= DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (new_variant_part);
+      DECL_FIELD_BIT_OFFSET (union_field_list)
+	= DECL_FIELD_BIT_OFFSET (new_variant_part);
+      SET_DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN (union_field_list,
+			     DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN (new_variant_part));
+      new_variant_part = union_field_list;
+    }
+
+  return new_variant_part;
+}
+
+/* Copy the size (and alignment and alias set) from OLD_TYPE to NEW_TYPE,
+   which are both RECORD_TYPE, after applying the substitutions described
+   in SUBST_LIST.  */
+
+static void
+copy_and_substitute_in_size (tree new_type, tree old_type,
+			     vec<subst_pair> subst_list)
+{
+  unsigned int i;
+  subst_pair *s;
+
+  TYPE_SIZE (new_type) = TYPE_SIZE (old_type);
+  TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (new_type) = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (old_type);
+  SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE (new_type, TYPE_ADA_SIZE (old_type));
+  TYPE_ALIGN (new_type) = TYPE_ALIGN (old_type);
+  relate_alias_sets (new_type, old_type, ALIAS_SET_COPY);
+
+  if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (new_type)))
+    FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (subst_list, i, s)
+      TYPE_SIZE (new_type)
+	= SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_SIZE (new_type),
+			      s->discriminant, s->replacement);
+
+  if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (new_type)))
+    FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (subst_list, i, s)
+      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (new_type)
+	= SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (new_type),
+			      s->discriminant, s->replacement);
+
+  if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_ADA_SIZE (new_type)))
+    FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (subst_list, i, s)
+      SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE
+	(new_type, SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_ADA_SIZE (new_type),
+				       s->discriminant, s->replacement));
+
+  /* Finalize the size.  */
+  TYPE_SIZE (new_type) = variable_size (TYPE_SIZE (new_type));
+  TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (new_type) = variable_size (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (new_type));
+}
+
+/* Given a type T, a FIELD_DECL F, and a replacement value R, return a
+   type with all size expressions that contain F in a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR
+   updated by replacing F with R.
+
+   The function doesn't update the layout of the type, i.e. it assumes
+   that the substitution is purely formal.  That's why the replacement
+   value R must itself contain a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR.  */
+
+tree
+substitute_in_type (tree t, tree f, tree r)
+{
+  tree nt;
+
+  gcc_assert (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (r));
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE (t))
+    {
+    case INTEGER_TYPE:
+    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
+    case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
+    case REAL_TYPE:
+
+      /* First the domain types of arrays.  */
+      if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_GCC_MIN_VALUE (t))
+	  || CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_GCC_MAX_VALUE (t)))
+	{
+	  tree low = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_GCC_MIN_VALUE (t), f, r);
+	  tree high = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_GCC_MAX_VALUE (t), f, r);
+
+	  if (low == TYPE_GCC_MIN_VALUE (t) && high == TYPE_GCC_MAX_VALUE (t))
+	    return t;
+
+	  nt = copy_type (t);
+	  TYPE_GCC_MIN_VALUE (nt) = low;
+	  TYPE_GCC_MAX_VALUE (nt) = high;
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (t) == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (t))
+	    SET_TYPE_INDEX_TYPE
+	      (nt, substitute_in_type (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (t), f, r));
+
+	  return nt;
+	}
+
+      /* Then the subtypes.  */
+      if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (t))
+	  || CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (t)))
+	{
+	  tree low = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (t), f, r);
+	  tree high = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (t), f, r);
+
+	  if (low == TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (t) && high == TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (t))
+	    return t;
+
+	  nt = copy_type (t);
+	  SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (nt, low);
+	  SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (nt, high);
+
+	  return nt;
+	}
+
+      return t;
+
+    case COMPLEX_TYPE:
+      nt = substitute_in_type (TREE_TYPE (t), f, r);
+      if (nt == TREE_TYPE (t))
+	return t;
+
+      return build_complex_type (nt);
+
+    case FUNCTION_TYPE:
+      /* These should never show up here.  */
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+
+    case ARRAY_TYPE:
+      {
+	tree component = substitute_in_type (TREE_TYPE (t), f, r);
+	tree domain = substitute_in_type (TYPE_DOMAIN (t), f, r);
+
+	if (component == TREE_TYPE (t) && domain == TYPE_DOMAIN (t))
+	  return t;
+
+	nt = build_nonshared_array_type (component, domain);
+	TYPE_ALIGN (nt) = TYPE_ALIGN (t);
+	TYPE_USER_ALIGN (nt) = TYPE_USER_ALIGN (t);
+	SET_TYPE_MODE (nt, TYPE_MODE (t));
+	TYPE_SIZE (nt) = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_SIZE (t), f, r);
+	TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (nt) = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (t), f, r);
+	TYPE_NONALIASED_COMPONENT (nt) = TYPE_NONALIASED_COMPONENT (t);
+	TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (nt) = TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (t);
+	TYPE_CONVENTION_FORTRAN_P (nt) = TYPE_CONVENTION_FORTRAN_P (t);
+	return nt;
+      }
+
+    case RECORD_TYPE:
+    case UNION_TYPE:
+    case QUAL_UNION_TYPE:
+      {
+	bool changed_field = false;
+	tree field;
+
+	/* Start out with no fields, make new fields, and chain them
+	   in.  If we haven't actually changed the type of any field,
+	   discard everything we've done and return the old type.  */
+	nt = copy_type (t);
+	TYPE_FIELDS (nt) = NULL_TREE;
+
+	for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (t); field; field = DECL_CHAIN (field))
+	  {
+	    tree new_field = copy_node (field), new_n;
+
+	    new_n = substitute_in_type (TREE_TYPE (field), f, r);
+	    if (new_n != TREE_TYPE (field))
+	      {
+		TREE_TYPE (new_field) = new_n;
+		changed_field = true;
+	      }
+
+	    new_n = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (field), f, r);
+	    if (new_n != DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (field))
+	      {
+		DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (new_field) = new_n;
+		changed_field = true;
+	      }
+
+	    /* Do the substitution inside the qualifier, if any.  */
+	    if (TREE_CODE (t) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
+	      {
+		new_n = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (DECL_QUALIFIER (field), f, r);
+		if (new_n != DECL_QUALIFIER (field))
+		  {
+		    DECL_QUALIFIER (new_field) = new_n;
+		    changed_field = true;
+		  }
+	      }
+
+	    DECL_CONTEXT (new_field) = nt;
+	    SET_DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD_TO_FIELD (new_field, field);
+
+	    DECL_CHAIN (new_field) = TYPE_FIELDS (nt);
+	    TYPE_FIELDS (nt) = new_field;
+	  }
+
+	if (!changed_field)
+	  return t;
+
+	TYPE_FIELDS (nt) = nreverse (TYPE_FIELDS (nt));
+	TYPE_SIZE (nt) = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_SIZE (t), f, r);
+	TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (nt) = SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (t), f, r);
+	SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE (nt, SUBSTITUTE_IN_EXPR (TYPE_ADA_SIZE (t), f, r));
+	return nt;
+      }
+
+    default:
+      return t;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return the RM size of GNU_TYPE.  This is the actual number of bits
+   needed to represent the object.  */
+
+tree
+rm_size (tree gnu_type)
+{
+  /* For integral types, we store the RM size explicitly.  */
+  if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_type) && TYPE_RM_SIZE (gnu_type))
+    return TYPE_RM_SIZE (gnu_type);
+
+  /* Return the RM size of the actual data plus the size of the template.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+      && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (gnu_type))
+    return
+      size_binop (PLUS_EXPR,
+		  rm_size (TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)))),
+		  DECL_SIZE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)));
+
+  /* For record or union types, we store the size explicitly.  */
+  if (RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+      && !TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_type)
+      && TYPE_ADA_SIZE (gnu_type))
+    return TYPE_ADA_SIZE (gnu_type);
+
+  /* For other types, this is just the size.  */
+  return TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type);
+}
+
+/* Return the name to be used for GNAT_ENTITY.  If a type, create a
+   fully-qualified name, possibly with type information encoding.
+   Otherwise, return the name.  */
+
+tree
+get_entity_name (Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  Get_Encoded_Name (gnat_entity);
+  return get_identifier_with_length (Name_Buffer, Name_Len);
+}
+
+/* Return an identifier representing the external name to be used for
+   GNAT_ENTITY.  If SUFFIX is specified, the name is followed by "___"
+   and the specified suffix.  */
+
+tree
+create_concat_name (Entity_Id gnat_entity, const char *suffix)
+{
+  Entity_Kind kind = Ekind (gnat_entity);
+
+  if (suffix)
+    {
+      String_Template temp = {1, (int) strlen (suffix)};
+      Fat_Pointer fp = {suffix, &temp};
+      Get_External_Name_With_Suffix (gnat_entity, fp);
+    }
+  else
+    Get_External_Name (gnat_entity, 0);
+
+  /* A variable using the Stdcall convention lives in a DLL.  We adjust
+     its name to use the jump table, the _imp__NAME contains the address
+     for the NAME variable.  */
+  if ((kind == E_Variable || kind == E_Constant)
+      && Has_Stdcall_Convention (gnat_entity))
+    {
+      const int len = 6 + Name_Len;
+      char *new_name = (char *) alloca (len + 1);
+      strcpy (new_name, "_imp__");
+      strcat (new_name, Name_Buffer);
+      return get_identifier_with_length (new_name, len);
+    }
+
+  return get_identifier_with_length (Name_Buffer, Name_Len);
+}
+
+/* Given GNU_NAME, an IDENTIFIER_NODE containing a name and SUFFIX, a
+   string, return a new IDENTIFIER_NODE that is the concatenation of
+   the name followed by "___" and the specified suffix.  */
+
+tree
+concat_name (tree gnu_name, const char *suffix)
+{
+  const int len = IDENTIFIER_LENGTH (gnu_name) + 3 + strlen (suffix);
+  char *new_name = (char *) alloca (len + 1);
+  strcpy (new_name, IDENTIFIER_POINTER (gnu_name));
+  strcat (new_name, "___");
+  strcat (new_name, suffix);
+  return get_identifier_with_length (new_name, len);
+}
+
+#include "gt-ada-decl.h"
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/gadaint.h b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/gadaint.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce27a14d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/gadaint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                              G A D A I N T                               *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                              C Header File                               *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *           Copyright (C) 2010-2011, Free Software Foundation, Inc.        *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General *
+ * Public License  distributed  with GNAT;  see file  COPYING3.  If not see *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/* This file contains the declarations of adaint.c material used in gigi.
+   It should be used in lieu of adaint.h in gigi because the latter drags
+   a lot of stuff on Windows and this pollutes the namespace of macros.  */
+
+#ifndef GCC_ADAINT_H
+#define GCC_ADAINT_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+extern char *__gnat_to_canonical_file_spec (char *);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* GCC_ADAINT_H */
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/gigi.h b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/gigi.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7092735c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/gigi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1087 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                                 G I G I                                  *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                              C Header File                               *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *          Copyright (C) 1992-2014, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General *
+ * Public License  distributed  with GNAT;  see file  COPYING3.  If not see *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/* Declare all functions and types used by gigi.  */
+
+/* Given GNAT_ENTITY, a GNAT defining identifier node, which denotes some Ada
+   entity, this routine returns the equivalent GCC tree for that entity
+   (an ..._DECL node) and associates the ..._DECL node with the input GNAT
+   defining identifier.
+
+   If GNAT_ENTITY is a variable or a constant declaration, GNU_EXPR gives its
+   initial value (in GCC tree form). This is optional for variables.
+   For renamed entities, GNU_EXPR gives the object being renamed.
+
+   DEFINITION is nonzero if this call is intended for a definition.  This is
+   used for separate compilation where it necessary to know whether an
+   external declaration or a definition should be created if the GCC equivalent
+   was not created previously.  The value of 1 is normally used for a nonzero
+   DEFINITION, but a value of 2 is used in special circumstances, defined in
+   the code.  */
+extern tree gnat_to_gnu_entity (Entity_Id gnat_entity, tree gnu_expr,
+                                int definition);
+
+/* Similar, but if the returned value is a COMPONENT_REF, return the
+   FIELD_DECL.  */
+extern tree gnat_to_gnu_field_decl (Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Similar, but GNAT_ENTITY is assumed to refer to a GNAT type.  Return
+   the GCC type corresponding to that entity.  */
+extern tree gnat_to_gnu_type (Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Start a new statement group chained to the previous group.  */
+extern void start_stmt_group (void);
+
+/* Add GNU_STMT to the current statement group.  If it is an expression with
+   no effects, it is ignored.  */
+extern void add_stmt (tree gnu_stmt);
+
+/* Similar, but the statement is always added, regardless of side-effects.  */
+extern void add_stmt_force (tree gnu_stmt);
+
+/* Like add_stmt, but set the location of GNU_STMT to that of GNAT_NODE.  */
+extern void add_stmt_with_node (tree gnu_stmt, Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* Similar, but the statement is always added, regardless of side-effects.  */
+extern void add_stmt_with_node_force (tree gnu_stmt, Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* Return code corresponding to the current code group.  It is normally
+   a STATEMENT_LIST, but may also be a BIND_EXPR or TRY_FINALLY_EXPR if
+   BLOCK or cleanups were set.  */
+extern tree end_stmt_group (void);
+
+/* Set the BLOCK node corresponding to the current code group to GNU_BLOCK.  */
+extern void set_block_for_group (tree);
+
+/* Add a declaration statement for GNU_DECL to the current BLOCK_STMT node.
+   Get SLOC from GNAT_ENTITY.  */
+extern void add_decl_expr (tree gnu_decl, Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Mark nodes rooted at T with TREE_VISITED and types as having their
+   sized gimplified.  We use this to indicate all variable sizes and
+   positions in global types may not be shared by any subprogram.  */
+extern void mark_visited (tree t);
+
+/* This macro calls the above function but short-circuits the common
+   case of a constant to save time and also checks for NULL.  */
+
+#define MARK_VISITED(EXP)		\
+do {					\
+  if((EXP) && !CONSTANT_CLASS_P (EXP))	\
+    mark_visited (EXP);			\
+} while (0)
+
+/* Finalize the processing of From_Limited_With incomplete types.  */
+extern void finalize_from_limited_with (void);
+
+/* Return the equivalent type to be used for GNAT_ENTITY, if it's a
+   kind of type (such E_Task_Type) that has a different type which Gigi
+   uses for its representation.  If the type does not have a special type
+   for its representation, return GNAT_ENTITY.  If a type is supposed to
+   exist, but does not, abort unless annotating types, in which case
+   return Empty.   If GNAT_ENTITY is Empty, return Empty.  */
+extern Entity_Id Gigi_Equivalent_Type (Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Given GNAT_ENTITY, elaborate all expressions that are required to
+   be elaborated at the point of its definition, but do nothing else.  */
+extern void elaborate_entity (Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Get the unpadded version of a GNAT type.  */
+extern tree get_unpadded_type (Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Return the DECL associated with the public subprogram GNAT_ENTITY but whose
+   type has been changed to that of the parameterless procedure, except if an
+   alias is already present, in which case it is returned instead.  */
+extern tree get_minimal_subprog_decl (Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Return whether the E_Subprogram_Type/E_Function/E_Procedure GNAT_ENTITY is
+   a C++ imported method or equivalent.  */
+extern bool is_cplusplus_method (Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Create a record type that contains a SIZE bytes long field of TYPE with a
+    starting bit position so that it is aligned to ALIGN bits, and leaving at
+    least ROOM bytes free before the field.  BASE_ALIGN is the alignment the
+    record is guaranteed to get.  GNAT_NODE is used for the position of the
+    associated TYPE_DECL.  */
+extern tree make_aligning_type (tree type, unsigned int align, tree size,
+				unsigned int base_align, int room, Node_Id);
+
+/* TYPE is a RECORD_TYPE, UNION_TYPE or QUAL_UNION_TYPE that is being used
+   as the field type of a packed record if IN_RECORD is true, or as the
+   component type of a packed array if IN_RECORD is false.  See if we can
+   rewrite it either as a type that has a non-BLKmode, which we can pack
+   tighter in the packed record case, or as a smaller type.  If so, return
+   the new type.  If not, return the original type.  */
+extern tree make_packable_type (tree type, bool in_record);
+
+/* Given a type TYPE, return a new type whose size is appropriate for SIZE.
+   If TYPE is the best type, return it.  Otherwise, make a new type.  We
+   only support new integral and pointer types.  FOR_BIASED is true if
+   we are making a biased type.  */
+extern tree make_type_from_size (tree type, tree size_tree, bool for_biased);
+
+/* Ensure that TYPE has SIZE and ALIGN.  Make and return a new padded type
+   if needed.  We have already verified that SIZE and TYPE are large enough.
+   GNAT_ENTITY is used to name the resulting record and to issue a warning.
+   IS_COMPONENT_TYPE is true if this is being done for the component type of
+   an array.  IS_USER_TYPE is true if the original type needs to be completed.
+   DEFINITION is true if this type is being defined.  SET_RM_SIZE is true if
+   the RM size of the resulting type is to be set to SIZE too.  */
+extern tree maybe_pad_type (tree type, tree size, unsigned int align,
+			    Entity_Id gnat_entity, bool is_component_type,
+			    bool is_user_type, bool definition,
+			    bool set_rm_size);
+
+enum alias_set_op
+{
+  ALIAS_SET_COPY,
+  ALIAS_SET_SUBSET,
+  ALIAS_SET_SUPERSET
+};
+
+/* Relate the alias sets of GNU_NEW_TYPE and GNU_OLD_TYPE according to OP.
+   If this is a multi-dimensional array type, do this recursively.
+
+   OP may be
+   - ALIAS_SET_COPY:     the new set is made a copy of the old one.
+   - ALIAS_SET_SUPERSET: the new set is made a superset of the old one.
+   - ALIAS_SET_SUBSET:   the new set is made a subset of the old one.  */
+extern void relate_alias_sets (tree gnu_new_type, tree gnu_old_type,
+			       enum alias_set_op op);
+
+/* Given a GNU tree and a GNAT list of choices, generate an expression to test
+   the value passed against the list of choices.  */
+extern tree choices_to_gnu (tree operand, Node_Id choices);
+
+/* Given GNAT_ENTITY, an object (constant, variable, parameter, exception)
+   and GNU_TYPE, its corresponding GCC type, set Esize and Alignment to the
+   size and alignment used by Gigi.  Prefer SIZE over TYPE_SIZE if non-null.
+   BY_REF is true if the object is used by reference.  */
+extern void annotate_object (Entity_Id gnat_entity, tree gnu_type, tree size,
+			     bool by_ref);
+
+/* Return the variant part of RECORD_TYPE, if any.  Otherwise return NULL.  */
+extern tree get_variant_part (tree record_type);
+
+/* Given a type T, a FIELD_DECL F, and a replacement value R, return a new
+   type with all size expressions that contain F updated by replacing F
+   with R.  If F is NULL_TREE, always make a new RECORD_TYPE, even if
+   nothing has changed.  */
+extern tree substitute_in_type (tree t, tree f, tree r);
+
+/* Return the RM size of GNU_TYPE.  This is the actual number of bits
+   needed to represent the object.  */
+extern tree rm_size (tree gnu_type);
+
+/* Return the name to be used for GNAT_ENTITY.  If a type, create a
+   fully-qualified name, possibly with type information encoding.
+   Otherwise, return the name.  */
+extern tree get_entity_name (Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Return an identifier representing the external name to be used for
+   GNAT_ENTITY.  If SUFFIX is specified, the name is followed by "___"
+   and the specified suffix.  */
+extern tree create_concat_name (Entity_Id gnat_entity, const char *suffix);
+
+/* Given GNU_NAME, an IDENTIFIER_NODE containing a name and SUFFIX, a
+   string, return a new IDENTIFIER_NODE that is the concatenation of
+   the name followed by "___" and the specified suffix.  */
+extern tree concat_name (tree gnu_name, const char *suffix);
+
+/* Highest number in the front-end node table.  */
+extern int max_gnat_nodes;
+
+/* Current node being treated, in case abort called.  */
+extern Node_Id error_gnat_node;
+
+/* True when gigi is being called on an analyzed but unexpanded
+   tree, and the only purpose of the call is to properly annotate
+   types with representation information.  */
+extern bool type_annotate_only;
+
+/* Current file name without path.  */
+extern const char *ref_filename;
+
+/* This structure must be kept synchronized with Call_Back_End.  */
+struct File_Info_Type
+{
+  File_Name_Type File_Name;
+  Instance_Id    Instance;
+  Nat            Num_Source_Lines;
+};
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* This is the main program of the back-end.  It sets up all the table
+   structures and then generates code.  */
+extern void gigi (Node_Id gnat_root,
+	          int max_gnat_node,
+                  int number_name ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		  struct Node *nodes_ptr,
+		  struct Flags *Flags_Ptr,
+		  Node_Id *next_node_ptr,
+		  Node_Id *prev_node_ptr,
+		  struct Elist_Header *elists_ptr,
+                  struct Elmt_Item *elmts_ptr,
+                  struct String_Entry *strings_ptr,
+                  Char_Code *strings_chars_ptr,
+                  struct List_Header *list_headers_ptr,
+                  Nat number_file,
+                  struct File_Info_Type *file_info_ptr,
+                  Entity_Id standard_boolean,
+                  Entity_Id standard_integer,
+                  Entity_Id standard_character,
+                  Entity_Id standard_long_long_float,
+                  Entity_Id standard_exception_type,
+                  Int gigi_operating_mode);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+/* GNAT_NODE is the root of some GNAT tree.  Return the root of the
+   GCC tree corresponding to that GNAT tree.  Normally, no code is generated;
+   we just return an equivalent tree which is used elsewhere to generate
+   code.  */
+extern tree gnat_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* GNU_STMT is a statement.  We generate code for that statement.  */
+extern void gnat_expand_stmt (tree gnu_stmt);
+
+/* Generate GIMPLE in place for the expression at *EXPR_P.  */
+extern int gnat_gimplify_expr (tree *expr_p, gimple_seq *pre_p,
+                               gimple_seq *post_p ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED);
+
+/* Do the processing for the declaration of a GNAT_ENTITY, a type.  If
+   a separate Freeze node exists, delay the bulk of the processing.  Otherwise
+   make a GCC type for GNAT_ENTITY and set up the correspondence.  */
+extern void process_type (Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Convert SLOC into LOCUS.  Return true if SLOC corresponds to a source code
+   location and false if it doesn't.  In the former case, set the Gigi global
+   variable REF_FILENAME to the simple debug file name as given by sinput.  */
+extern bool Sloc_to_locus (Source_Ptr Sloc, location_t *locus);
+
+/* Post an error message.  MSG is the error message, properly annotated.
+   NODE is the node at which to post the error and the node to use for the
+   '&' substitution.  */
+extern void post_error (const char *msg, Node_Id node);
+
+/* Similar to post_error, but NODE is the node at which to post the error and
+   ENT is the node to use for the '&' substitution.  */
+extern void post_error_ne (const char *msg, Node_Id node, Entity_Id ent);
+
+/* Similar to post_error_ne, but NUM is the number to use for the '^'.  */
+extern void post_error_ne_num (const char *msg, Node_Id node, Entity_Id ent,
+                               int num);
+
+/* Similar to post_error_ne, but T is a GCC tree representing the number to
+   write.  If T represents a constant, the text inside curly brackets in
+   MSG will be output (presumably including a '^').  Otherwise it will not
+   be output and the text inside square brackets will be output instead.  */
+extern void post_error_ne_tree (const char *msg, Node_Id node, Entity_Id ent,
+                                tree t);
+
+/* Similar to post_error_ne_tree, but NUM is a second integer to write.  */
+extern void post_error_ne_tree_2 (const char *msg, Node_Id node, Entity_Id ent,
+                                  tree t, int num);
+
+/* Return a label to branch to for the exception type in KIND or NULL_TREE
+   if none.  */
+extern tree get_exception_label (char kind);
+
+/* Return the decl for the current elaboration procedure.  */
+extern tree get_elaboration_procedure (void);
+
+/* If nonzero, pretend we are allocating at global level.  */
+extern int force_global;
+
+/* The default alignment of "double" floating-point types, i.e. floating
+   point types whose size is equal to 64 bits, or 0 if this alignment is
+   not specifically capped.  */
+extern int double_float_alignment;
+
+/* The default alignment of "double" or larger scalar types, i.e. scalar
+   types whose size is greater or equal to 64 bits, or 0 if this alignment
+   is not specifically capped.  */
+extern int double_scalar_alignment;
+
+/* Data structures used to represent attributes.  */
+
+enum attr_type
+{
+  ATTR_MACHINE_ATTRIBUTE,
+  ATTR_LINK_ALIAS,
+  ATTR_LINK_SECTION,
+  ATTR_LINK_CONSTRUCTOR,
+  ATTR_LINK_DESTRUCTOR,
+  ATTR_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE,
+  ATTR_WEAK_EXTERNAL
+};
+
+struct attrib
+{
+  struct attrib *next;
+  enum attr_type type;
+  tree name;
+  tree args;
+  Node_Id error_point;
+};
+
+/* Table of machine-independent internal attributes.  */
+extern const struct attribute_spec gnat_internal_attribute_table[];
+
+/* Define the entries in the standard data array.  */
+enum standard_datatypes
+{
+  /* The longest floating-point type.  */
+  ADT_longest_float_type,
+
+  /* The type of an exception.  */
+  ADT_except_type,
+
+  /* Type declaration node  <==> typedef void *T */
+  ADT_ptr_void_type,
+
+  /* Function type declaration -- void T() */
+  ADT_void_ftype,
+
+  /* Type declaration node  <==> typedef void *T() */
+  ADT_ptr_void_ftype,
+
+  /* Type declaration node  <==> typedef virtual void *T() */
+  ADT_fdesc_type,
+
+  /* Null pointer for above type.  */
+  ADT_null_fdesc,
+
+  /* Value 1 in signed bitsizetype.  */
+  ADT_sbitsize_one_node,
+
+  /* Value BITS_PER_UNIT in signed bitsizetype.  */
+  ADT_sbitsize_unit_node,
+
+  /* Function declaration nodes for run-time functions for allocating memory.
+     Ada allocators cause calls to these functions to be generated.  Malloc32
+     is used only on 64bit systems needing to allocate 32bit memory.  */
+  ADT_malloc_decl,
+  ADT_malloc32_decl,
+
+  /* Likewise for freeing memory.  */
+  ADT_free_decl,
+
+  /* Function decl node for 64-bit multiplication with overflow checking.  */
+  ADT_mulv64_decl,
+
+  /* Identifier for the name of the _Parent field in tagged record types.  */
+  ADT_parent_name_id,
+
+  /* Identifier for the name of the Exception_Data type.  */
+  ADT_exception_data_name_id,
+
+  /* Types and decls used by our temporary exception mechanism.  See
+     init_gigi_decls for details.  */
+  ADT_jmpbuf_type,
+  ADT_jmpbuf_ptr_type,
+  ADT_get_jmpbuf_decl,
+  ADT_set_jmpbuf_decl,
+  ADT_get_excptr_decl,
+  ADT_setjmp_decl,
+  ADT_longjmp_decl,
+  ADT_update_setjmp_buf_decl,
+  ADT_raise_nodefer_decl,
+  ADT_reraise_zcx_decl,
+  ADT_set_exception_parameter_decl,
+  ADT_begin_handler_decl,
+  ADT_end_handler_decl,
+  ADT_unhandled_except_decl,
+  ADT_others_decl,
+  ADT_all_others_decl,
+  ADT_unhandled_others_decl,
+  ADT_LAST};
+
+/* Define kind of exception information associated with raise statements.  */
+enum exception_info_kind
+{
+  /* Simple exception information: file:line.  */
+  exception_simple,
+  /* Range exception information: file:line + index, first, last.  */
+  exception_range,
+  /* Column exception information: file:line:column.  */
+  exception_column
+};
+
+/* Define the inline status of a subprogram.  */
+enum inline_status_t
+{
+  /* Inlining is suppressed for the subprogram.  */
+  is_suppressed,
+  /* No inlining is requested for the subprogram.  */
+  is_disabled,
+  /* Inlining is requested for the subprogram.  */
+  is_enabled
+};
+
+extern GTY(()) tree gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_LAST];
+extern GTY(()) tree gnat_raise_decls[(int) LAST_REASON_CODE + 1];
+extern GTY(()) tree gnat_raise_decls_ext[(int) LAST_REASON_CODE + 1];
+
+#define longest_float_type_node gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_longest_float_type]
+#define except_type_node gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_except_type]
+#define ptr_void_type_node gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_ptr_void_type]
+#define void_ftype gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_void_ftype]
+#define ptr_void_ftype gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_ptr_void_ftype]
+#define fdesc_type_node gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_fdesc_type]
+#define null_fdesc_node gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_null_fdesc]
+#define sbitsize_one_node gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_sbitsize_one_node]
+#define sbitsize_unit_node gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_sbitsize_unit_node]
+#define malloc_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_malloc_decl]
+#define malloc32_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_malloc32_decl]
+#define free_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_free_decl]
+#define mulv64_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_mulv64_decl]
+#define parent_name_id gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_parent_name_id]
+#define exception_data_name_id gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_exception_data_name_id]
+#define jmpbuf_type gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_jmpbuf_type]
+#define jmpbuf_ptr_type gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_jmpbuf_ptr_type]
+#define get_jmpbuf_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_get_jmpbuf_decl]
+#define set_jmpbuf_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_set_jmpbuf_decl]
+#define get_excptr_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_get_excptr_decl]
+#define setjmp_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_setjmp_decl]
+#define longjmp_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_longjmp_decl]
+#define update_setjmp_buf_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_update_setjmp_buf_decl]
+#define raise_nodefer_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_raise_nodefer_decl]
+#define reraise_zcx_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_reraise_zcx_decl]
+#define set_exception_parameter_decl \
+          gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_set_exception_parameter_decl]
+#define begin_handler_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_begin_handler_decl]
+#define others_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_others_decl]
+#define all_others_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_all_others_decl]
+#define unhandled_others_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_unhandled_others_decl]
+#define end_handler_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_end_handler_decl]
+#define unhandled_except_decl gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_unhandled_except_decl]
+
+/* Routines expected by the gcc back-end. They must have exactly the same
+   prototype and names as below.  */
+
+/* Return true if we are in the global binding level.  */
+extern bool global_bindings_p (void);
+
+/* Enter and exit a new binding level.  */
+extern void gnat_pushlevel (void);
+extern void gnat_poplevel (void);
+extern void gnat_zaplevel (void);
+
+/* Set SUPERCONTEXT of the BLOCK for the current binding level to FNDECL
+   and point FNDECL to this BLOCK.  */
+extern void set_current_block_context (tree fndecl);
+
+/* Set the jmpbuf_decl for the current binding level to DECL.  */
+extern void set_block_jmpbuf_decl (tree decl);
+
+/* Get the setjmp_decl, if any, for the current binding level.  */
+extern tree get_block_jmpbuf_decl (void);
+
+/* Record DECL as belonging to the current lexical scope and use GNAT_NODE
+   for location information and flag propagation.  */
+extern void gnat_pushdecl (tree decl, Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* Initialize the GCC support for exception handling.  */
+extern void gnat_init_gcc_eh (void);
+
+/* Initialize the GCC support for floating-point operations.  */
+extern void gnat_init_gcc_fp (void);
+
+/* Install the builtin functions we might need.  */
+extern void gnat_install_builtins (void);
+
+/* Return an integer type with the number of bits of precision given by
+   PRECISION.  UNSIGNEDP is nonzero if the type is unsigned; otherwise
+   it is a signed type.  */
+extern tree gnat_type_for_size (unsigned precision, int unsignedp);
+
+/* Return a data type that has machine mode MODE.  UNSIGNEDP selects
+   an unsigned type; otherwise a signed type is returned.  */
+extern tree gnat_type_for_mode (enum machine_mode mode, int unsignedp);
+
+/* Emit debug info for all global variable declarations.  */
+extern void gnat_write_global_declarations (void);
+
+/* Return the unsigned version of a TYPE_NODE, a scalar type.  */
+extern tree gnat_unsigned_type (tree type_node);
+
+/* Return the signed version of a TYPE_NODE, a scalar type.  */
+extern tree gnat_signed_type (tree type_node);
+
+/* Return 1 if the types T1 and T2 are compatible, i.e. if they can be
+   transparently converted to each other.  */
+extern int gnat_types_compatible_p (tree t1, tree t2);
+
+/* Return true if EXPR is a useless type conversion.  */
+extern bool gnat_useless_type_conversion (tree expr);
+
+/* Return true if T, a FUNCTION_TYPE, has the specified list of flags.  */
+extern bool fntype_same_flags_p (const_tree, tree, bool, bool, bool);
+
+/* Create an expression whose value is that of EXPR,
+   converted to type TYPE.  The TREE_TYPE of the value
+   is always TYPE.  This function implements all reasonable
+   conversions; callers should filter out those that are
+   not permitted by the language being compiled.  */
+extern tree convert (tree type, tree expr);
+
+/* Create an expression whose value is that of EXPR converted to the common
+   index type, which is sizetype.  */
+extern tree convert_to_index_type (tree expr);
+
+/* Routines created solely for the tree translator's sake. Their prototypes
+   can be changed as desired.  */
+
+/* Initialize data structures of the utils.c module.  */
+extern void init_gnat_utils (void);
+
+/* Destroy data structures of the utils.c module.  */
+extern void destroy_gnat_utils (void);
+
+/* GNAT_ENTITY is a GNAT tree node for a defining identifier.
+   GNU_DECL is the GCC tree which is to be associated with
+   GNAT_ENTITY. Such gnu tree node is always an ..._DECL node.
+   If NO_CHECK is nonzero, the latter check is suppressed.
+   If GNU_DECL is zero, a previous association is to be reset.  */
+extern void save_gnu_tree (Entity_Id gnat_entity, tree gnu_decl,
+                           bool no_check);
+
+/* GNAT_ENTITY is a GNAT tree node for a defining identifier.
+   Return the ..._DECL node that was associated with it.  If there is no tree
+   node associated with GNAT_ENTITY, abort.  */
+extern tree get_gnu_tree (Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Return nonzero if a GCC tree has been associated with GNAT_ENTITY.  */
+extern bool present_gnu_tree (Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Make a dummy type corresponding to GNAT_TYPE.  */
+extern tree make_dummy_type (Entity_Id gnat_type);
+
+/* Return the dummy type that was made for GNAT_TYPE, if any.  */
+extern tree get_dummy_type (Entity_Id gnat_type);
+
+/* Build dummy fat and thin pointer types whose designated type is specified
+   by GNAT_DESIG_TYPE/GNU_DESIG_TYPE and attach them to the latter.  */
+extern void build_dummy_unc_pointer_types (Entity_Id gnat_desig_type,
+					   tree gnu_desig_type);
+
+/* Record TYPE as a builtin type for Ada.  NAME is the name of the type.
+   ARTIFICIAL_P is true if it's a type that was generated by the compiler.  */
+extern void record_builtin_type (const char *name, tree type,
+				 bool artificial_p);
+
+/* Given a record type RECORD_TYPE and a list of FIELD_DECL nodes FIELD_LIST,
+   finish constructing the record type as a fat pointer type.  */
+extern void finish_fat_pointer_type (tree record_type, tree field_list);
+
+/* Given a record type RECORD_TYPE and a list of FIELD_DECL nodes FIELD_LIST,
+   finish constructing the record or union type.  If REP_LEVEL is zero, this
+   record has no representation clause and so will be entirely laid out here.
+   If REP_LEVEL is one, this record has a representation clause and has been
+   laid out already; only set the sizes and alignment.  If REP_LEVEL is two,
+   this record is derived from a parent record and thus inherits its layout;
+   only make a pass on the fields to finalize them.  DEBUG_INFO_P is true if
+   we need to write debug information about this type.  */
+extern void finish_record_type (tree record_type, tree field_list,
+				int rep_level, bool debug_info_p);
+
+/* Wrap up compilation of RECORD_TYPE, i.e. output all the debug information
+   associated with it.  It need not be invoked directly in most cases since
+   finish_record_type takes care of doing so, but this can be necessary if
+   a parallel type is to be attached to the record type.  */
+extern void rest_of_record_type_compilation (tree record_type);
+
+/* Append PARALLEL_TYPE on the chain of parallel types for TYPE.  */
+extern void add_parallel_type (tree type, tree parallel_type);
+
+/* Return a FUNCTION_TYPE node.  RETURN_TYPE is the type returned by the
+   subprogram.  If it is VOID_TYPE, then we are dealing with a procedure,
+   otherwise we are dealing with a function.  PARAM_DECL_LIST is a list of
+   PARM_DECL nodes that are the subprogram parameters.  CICO_LIST is the
+   copy-in/copy-out list to be stored into the TYPE_CICO_LIST field.
+   RETURN_UNCONSTRAINED_P is true if the function returns an unconstrained
+   object.  RETURN_BY_DIRECT_REF_P is true if the function returns by direct
+   reference.  RETURN_BY_INVISI_REF_P is true if the function returns by
+   invisible reference.  */
+extern tree create_subprog_type (tree return_type, tree param_decl_list,
+				 tree cico_list, bool return_unconstrained_p,
+				 bool return_by_direct_ref_p,
+				 bool return_by_invisi_ref_p);
+
+/* Return a copy of TYPE, but safe to modify in any way.  */
+extern tree copy_type (tree type);
+
+/* Return a subtype of sizetype with range MIN to MAX and whose
+   TYPE_INDEX_TYPE is INDEX.  GNAT_NODE is used for the position
+   of the associated TYPE_DECL.  */
+extern tree create_index_type (tree min, tree max, tree index,
+			       Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* Return a subtype of TYPE with range MIN to MAX.  If TYPE is NULL,
+   sizetype is used.  */
+extern tree create_range_type (tree type, tree min, tree max);
+
+/* Return a TYPE_DECL node suitable for the TYPE_STUB_DECL field of a type.
+   TYPE_NAME gives the name of the type and TYPE is a ..._TYPE node giving
+   its data type.  */
+extern tree create_type_stub_decl (tree type_name, tree type);
+
+/* Return a TYPE_DECL node.  TYPE_NAME gives the name of the type and TYPE
+   is a ..._TYPE node giving its data type.  ARTIFICIAL_P is true if this
+   is a declaration that was generated by the compiler.  DEBUG_INFO_P is
+   true if we need to write debug information about this type.  GNAT_NODE
+   is used for the position of the decl.  */
+extern tree create_type_decl (tree type_name, tree type, bool artificial_p,
+			      bool debug_info_p, Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* Return a VAR_DECL or CONST_DECL node.
+
+   VAR_NAME gives the name of the variable.  ASM_NAME is its assembler name
+   (if provided).  TYPE is its data type (a GCC ..._TYPE node).  VAR_INIT is
+   the GCC tree for an optional initial expression; NULL_TREE if none.
+
+   CONST_FLAG is true if this variable is constant, in which case we might
+   return a CONST_DECL node unless CONST_DECL_ALLOWED_P is false.
+
+   PUBLIC_FLAG is true if this definition is to be made visible outside of
+   the current compilation unit. This flag should be set when processing the
+   variable definitions in a package specification.
+
+   EXTERN_FLAG is nonzero when processing an external variable declaration (as
+   opposed to a definition: no storage is to be allocated for the variable).
+
+   STATIC_FLAG is only relevant when not at top level.  In that case
+   it indicates whether to always allocate storage to the variable.
+
+   GNAT_NODE is used for the position of the decl.  */
+extern tree
+create_var_decl_1 (tree var_name, tree asm_name, tree type, tree var_init,
+		   bool const_flag, bool public_flag, bool extern_flag,
+		   bool static_flag, bool const_decl_allowed_p,
+		   struct attrib *attr_list, Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* Wrapper around create_var_decl_1 for cases where we don't care whether
+   a VAR or a CONST decl node is created.  */
+#define create_var_decl(var_name, asm_name, type, var_init,	\
+			const_flag, public_flag, extern_flag,	\
+			static_flag, attr_list, gnat_node)	\
+  create_var_decl_1 (var_name, asm_name, type, var_init,	\
+		     const_flag, public_flag, extern_flag,	\
+		     static_flag, true, attr_list, gnat_node)
+
+/* Wrapper around create_var_decl_1 for cases where a VAR_DECL node is
+   required.  The primary intent is for DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VARs, which
+   must be VAR_DECLs and on which we want TREE_READONLY set to have them
+   possibly assigned to a readonly data section.  */
+#define create_true_var_decl(var_name, asm_name, type, var_init,	\
+			     const_flag, public_flag, extern_flag,	\
+			     static_flag, attr_list, gnat_node)		\
+  create_var_decl_1 (var_name, asm_name, type, var_init,		\
+		     const_flag, public_flag, extern_flag,		\
+		     static_flag, false, attr_list, gnat_node)
+
+/* Record DECL as a global renaming pointer.  */
+extern void record_global_renaming_pointer (tree decl);
+
+/* Invalidate the global renaming pointers.  */
+extern void invalidate_global_renaming_pointers (void);
+
+/* Return a FIELD_DECL node.  FIELD_NAME is the field's name, FIELD_TYPE is
+   its type and RECORD_TYPE is the type of the enclosing record.  If SIZE is
+   nonzero, it is the specified size of the field.  If POS is nonzero, it is
+   the bit position.  PACKED is 1 if the enclosing record is packed, -1 if it
+   has Component_Alignment of Storage_Unit.  If ADDRESSABLE is nonzero, it
+   means we are allowed to take the address of the field; if it is negative,
+   we should not make a bitfield, which is used by make_aligning_type.  */
+extern tree create_field_decl (tree field_name, tree field_type,
+			       tree record_type, tree size, tree pos,
+			       int packed, int addressable);
+
+/* Return a PARM_DECL node.  PARAM_NAME is the name of the parameter and
+   PARAM_TYPE is its type.  READONLY is true if the parameter is readonly
+   (either an In parameter or an address of a pass-by-ref parameter).  */
+extern tree create_param_decl (tree param_name, tree param_type,
+                               bool readonly);
+
+/* Return a LABEL_DECL with LABEL_NAME.  GNAT_NODE is used for the position
+   of the decl.  */
+extern tree create_label_decl (tree label_name, Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* Return a FUNCTION_DECL node.  SUBPROG_NAME is the name of the subprogram,
+   ASM_NAME is its assembler name, SUBPROG_TYPE is its type (a FUNCTION_TYPE
+   node), PARAM_DECL_LIST is the list of the subprogram arguments (a list of
+   PARM_DECL nodes chained through the DECL_CHAIN field).
+
+   INLINE_STATUS, PUBLIC_FLAG, EXTERN_FLAG, ARTIFICIAL_FLAG and ATTR_LIST are
+   used to set the appropriate fields in the FUNCTION_DECL.  GNAT_NODE is
+   used for the position of the decl.  */
+extern tree create_subprog_decl (tree subprog_name, tree asm_name,
+				 tree subprog_type, tree param_decl_list,
+				 enum inline_status_t inline_status,
+				 bool public_flag, bool extern_flag,
+				 bool artificial_flag,
+				 struct attrib *attr_list, Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* Process the attributes in ATTR_LIST for NODE, which is either a DECL or
+   a TYPE.  If IN_PLACE is true, the tree pointed to by NODE should not be
+   changed.  GNAT_NODE is used for the position of error messages.  */
+extern void process_attributes (tree *node, struct attrib **attr_list,
+				bool in_place, Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* Set up the framework for generating code for SUBPROG_DECL, a subprogram
+   body. This routine needs to be invoked before processing the declarations
+   appearing in the subprogram.  */
+extern void begin_subprog_body (tree subprog_decl);
+
+/* Finish translating the current subprogram and set its BODY.  */
+extern void end_subprog_body (tree body);
+
+/* Wrap up compilation of SUBPROG_DECL, a subprogram body.  */
+extern void rest_of_subprog_body_compilation (tree subprog_decl);
+
+/* Build a template of type TEMPLATE_TYPE from the array bounds of ARRAY_TYPE.
+   EXPR is an expression that we can use to locate any PLACEHOLDER_EXPRs.
+   Return a constructor for the template.  */
+extern tree build_template (tree template_type, tree array_type, tree expr);
+
+/* Build a 64bit VMS descriptor from a Mechanism_Type, which must specify
+   a descriptor type, and the GCC type of an object.  Each FIELD_DECL
+   in the type contains in its DECL_INITIAL the expression to use when
+   a constructor is made for the type.  GNAT_ENTITY is a gnat node used
+   to print out an error message if the mechanism cannot be applied to
+   an object of that type and also for the name.  */
+extern tree build_vms_descriptor (tree type, Mechanism_Type mech,
+                                  Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Build a 32bit VMS descriptor from a Mechanism_Type. See above.  */
+extern tree build_vms_descriptor32 (tree type, Mechanism_Type mech,
+                                  Entity_Id gnat_entity);
+
+/* Build a type to be used to represent an aliased object whose nominal type
+   is an unconstrained array.  This consists of a RECORD_TYPE containing a
+   field of TEMPLATE_TYPE and a field of OBJECT_TYPE, which is an ARRAY_TYPE.
+   If ARRAY_TYPE is that of an unconstrained array, this is used to represent
+   an arbitrary unconstrained object.  Use NAME as the name of the record.
+   DEBUG_INFO_P is true if we need to write debug information for the type.  */
+extern tree build_unc_object_type (tree template_type, tree object_type,
+				   tree name, bool debug_info_p);
+
+/* Same as build_unc_object_type, but taking a thin or fat pointer type
+   instead of the template type.  */
+extern tree build_unc_object_type_from_ptr (tree thin_fat_ptr_type,
+					    tree object_type, tree name,
+					    bool debug_info_p);
+
+/* Update anything previously pointing to OLD_TYPE to point to NEW_TYPE.  In
+   the normal case this is just two adjustments, but we have more to do
+   if NEW is an UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE.  */
+extern void update_pointer_to (tree old_type, tree new_type);
+
+/* EXP is an expression for the size of an object.  If this size contains
+   discriminant references, replace them with the maximum (if MAX_P) or
+   minimum (if !MAX_P) possible value of the discriminant.  */
+extern tree max_size (tree exp, bool max_p);
+
+/* Remove all conversions that are done in EXP.  This includes converting
+   from a padded type or to a left-justified modular type.  If TRUE_ADDRESS
+   is true, always return the address of the containing object even if
+   the address is not bit-aligned.  */
+extern tree remove_conversions (tree exp, bool true_address);
+
+/* If EXP's type is an UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE, return an expression that
+   refers to the underlying array.  If its type has TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P,
+   likewise return an expression pointing to the underlying array.  */
+extern tree maybe_unconstrained_array (tree exp);
+
+/* Return an expression that does an unchecked conversion of EXPR to TYPE.
+   If NOTRUNC_P is true, truncation operations should be suppressed.  */
+extern tree unchecked_convert (tree type, tree expr, bool notrunc_p);
+
+/* Return the appropriate GCC tree code for the specified GNAT_TYPE,
+   the latter being a record type as predicated by Is_Record_Type.  */
+extern enum tree_code tree_code_for_record_type (Entity_Id gnat_type);
+
+/* Return true if GNAT_TYPE is a "double" floating-point type, i.e. whose
+   size is equal to 64 bits, or an array of such a type.  Set ALIGN_CLAUSE
+   according to the presence of an alignment clause on the type or, if it
+   is an array, on the component type.  */
+extern bool is_double_float_or_array (Entity_Id gnat_type,
+				      bool *align_clause);
+
+/* Return true if GNAT_TYPE is a "double" or larger scalar type, i.e. whose
+   size is greater or equal to 64 bits, or an array of such a type.  Set
+   ALIGN_CLAUSE according to the presence of an alignment clause on the
+   type or, if it is an array, on the component type.  */
+extern bool is_double_scalar_or_array (Entity_Id gnat_type,
+				       bool *align_clause);
+
+/* Return true if GNU_TYPE is suitable as the type of a non-aliased
+   component of an aggregate type.  */
+extern bool type_for_nonaliased_component_p (tree gnu_type);
+
+/* Return true if TYPE is a smaller form of ORIG_TYPE.  */
+extern bool smaller_form_type_p (tree type, tree orig_type);
+
+/* Return the base type of TYPE.  */
+extern tree get_base_type (tree type);
+
+/* EXP is a GCC tree representing an address.  See if we can find how
+   strictly the object at that address is aligned.   Return that alignment
+   strictly the object at that address is aligned.   Return that alignment
+   in bits.  If we don't know anything about the alignment, return 0.  */
+extern unsigned int known_alignment (tree exp);
+
+/* Return true if VALUE is a multiple of FACTOR. FACTOR must be a power
+   of 2.  */
+extern bool value_factor_p (tree value, HOST_WIDE_INT factor);
+
+/* Build an atomic load for the underlying atomic object in SRC.  */
+extern tree build_atomic_load (tree src);
+
+/* Build an atomic store from SRC to the underlying atomic object in DEST.  */
+extern tree build_atomic_store (tree dest, tree src);
+
+/* Make a binary operation of kind OP_CODE.  RESULT_TYPE is the type
+   desired for the result.  Usually the operation is to be performed
+   in that type.  For MODIFY_EXPR and ARRAY_REF, RESULT_TYPE may be 0
+   in which case the type to be used will be derived from the operands.  */
+extern tree build_binary_op (enum tree_code op_code, tree result_type,
+                             tree left_operand, tree right_operand);
+
+/* Similar, but make unary operation.  */
+extern tree build_unary_op (enum tree_code op_code, tree result_type,
+                            tree operand);
+
+/* Similar, but for COND_EXPR.  */
+extern tree build_cond_expr (tree result_type, tree condition_operand,
+                             tree true_operand, tree false_operand);
+
+/* Similar, but for COMPOUND_EXPR.  */
+extern tree build_compound_expr (tree result_type, tree stmt_operand,
+				 tree expr_operand);
+
+/* Conveniently construct a function call expression.  FNDECL names the
+   function to be called, N is the number of arguments, and the "..."
+   parameters are the argument expressions.  Unlike build_call_expr
+   this doesn't fold the call, hence it will always return a CALL_EXPR.  */
+extern tree build_call_n_expr (tree fndecl, int n, ...);
+
+/* Call a function that raises an exception and pass the line number and file
+   name, if requested.  MSG says which exception function to call.
+
+   GNAT_NODE is the gnat node conveying the source location for which the
+   error should be signaled, or Empty in which case the error is signaled on
+   the current ref_file_name/input_line.
+
+   KIND says which kind of exception this is for
+    (N_Raise_{Constraint,Storage,Program}_Error).  */
+extern tree build_call_raise (int msg, Node_Id gnat_node, char kind);
+
+/* Similar to build_call_raise, for an index or range check exception as
+   determined by MSG, with extra information generated of the form
+   "INDEX out of range FIRST..LAST".  */
+extern tree build_call_raise_range (int msg, Node_Id gnat_node,
+				    tree index, tree first, tree last);
+
+/* Similar to build_call_raise, with extra information about the column
+   where the check failed.  */
+extern tree build_call_raise_column (int msg, Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* Return a CONSTRUCTOR of TYPE whose elements are V.  This is not the
+   same as build_constructor in the language-independent tree.c.  */
+extern tree gnat_build_constructor (tree type, vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v);
+
+/* Return a COMPONENT_REF to access a field that is given by COMPONENT,
+   an IDENTIFIER_NODE giving the name of the field, FIELD, a FIELD_DECL,
+   for the field, or both.  Don't fold the result if NO_FOLD_P.  */
+extern tree build_component_ref (tree record_variable, tree component,
+                                 tree field, bool no_fold_p);
+
+/* Build a GCC tree to call an allocation or deallocation function.
+   If GNU_OBJ is nonzero, it is an object to deallocate.  Otherwise,
+   generate an allocator.
+
+   GNU_SIZE is the number of bytes to allocate and GNU_TYPE is the contained
+   object type, used to determine the to-be-honored address alignment.
+   GNAT_PROC, if present, is a procedure to call and GNAT_POOL is the storage
+   pool to use.  If not present, malloc and free are used.  GNAT_NODE is used
+   to provide an error location for restriction violation messages.  */
+extern tree build_call_alloc_dealloc (tree gnu_obj, tree gnu_size,
+                                      tree gnu_type, Entity_Id gnat_proc,
+				      Entity_Id gnat_pool, Node_Id gnat_node);
+
+/* Build a GCC tree to correspond to allocating an object of TYPE whose
+   initial value if INIT, if INIT is nonzero.  Convert the expression to
+   RESULT_TYPE, which must be some type of pointer.  Return the tree.
+
+   GNAT_PROC and GNAT_POOL optionally give the procedure to call and
+   the storage pool to use.  GNAT_NODE is used to provide an error
+   location for restriction violation messages.  If IGNORE_INIT_TYPE is
+   true, ignore the type of INIT for the purpose of determining the size;
+   this will cause the maximum size to be allocated if TYPE is of
+   self-referential size.  */
+extern tree build_allocator (tree type, tree init, tree result_type,
+                             Entity_Id gnat_proc, Entity_Id gnat_pool,
+                             Node_Id gnat_node, bool);
+
+/* Fill in a VMS descriptor of GNU_TYPE for GNU_EXPR and return the result.
+   GNAT_ACTUAL is the actual parameter for which the descriptor is built.  */
+extern tree fill_vms_descriptor (tree gnu_type, tree gnu_expr,
+                                 Node_Id gnat_actual);
+
+/* Convert GNU_EXPR, a pointer to a VMS descriptor, to GNU_TYPE, a regular
+   pointer or fat pointer type.  GNU_EXPR_ALT_TYPE is the alternate (32-bit)
+   pointer type of GNU_EXPR.  GNAT_SUBPROG is the subprogram to which the
+   descriptor is passed.  */
+extern tree convert_vms_descriptor (tree gnu_type, tree gnu_expr,
+				    tree gnu_expr_alt_type,
+				    Entity_Id gnat_subprog);
+
+/* Indicate that we need to take the address of T and that it therefore
+   should not be allocated in a register.  Returns true if successful.  */
+extern bool gnat_mark_addressable (tree t);
+
+/* Save EXP for later use or reuse.  This is equivalent to save_expr in tree.c
+   but we know how to handle our own nodes.  */
+extern tree gnat_save_expr (tree exp);
+
+/* Protect EXP for immediate reuse.  This is a variant of gnat_save_expr that
+   is optimized under the assumption that EXP's value doesn't change before
+   its subsequent reuse(s) except through its potential reevaluation.  */
+extern tree gnat_protect_expr (tree exp);
+
+/* This is equivalent to stabilize_reference in tree.c but we know how to
+   handle our own nodes and we take extra arguments.  FORCE says whether to
+   force evaluation of everything.  We set SUCCESS to true unless we walk
+   through something we don't know how to stabilize.  */
+extern tree gnat_stabilize_reference (tree ref, bool force, bool *success);
+
+/* If EXPR is an expression that is invariant in the current function, in the
+   sense that it can be evaluated anywhere in the function and any number of
+   times, return EXPR or an equivalent expression.  Otherwise return NULL.  */
+extern tree gnat_invariant_expr (tree expr);
+
+/* Implementation of the builtin_function langhook.  */
+extern tree gnat_builtin_function (tree decl);
+
+/* Search the chain of currently reachable declarations for a builtin
+   FUNCTION_DECL node corresponding to function NAME (an IDENTIFIER_NODE).
+   Return the first node found, if any, or NULL_TREE otherwise.  */
+extern tree builtin_decl_for (tree name);
+
+/* GNU_TYPE is a type. Determine if it should be passed by reference by
+   default.  */
+extern bool default_pass_by_ref (tree gnu_type);
+
+/* GNU_TYPE is the type of a subprogram parameter.  Determine from the type
+   if it should be passed by reference.  */
+extern bool must_pass_by_ref (tree gnu_type);
+
+/* Return the size of the FP mode with precision PREC.  */
+extern int fp_prec_to_size (int prec);
+
+/* Return the precision of the FP mode with size SIZE.  */
+extern int fp_size_to_prec (int size);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* These functions return the basic data type sizes and related parameters
+   about the target machine.  */
+extern Pos get_target_bits_per_unit (void);
+extern Pos get_target_bits_per_word (void);
+extern Pos get_target_char_size (void);
+extern Pos get_target_wchar_t_size (void);
+extern Pos get_target_short_size (void);
+extern Pos get_target_int_size (void);
+extern Pos get_target_long_size (void);
+extern Pos get_target_long_long_size (void);
+extern Pos get_target_float_size (void);
+extern Pos get_target_double_size (void);
+extern Pos get_target_long_double_size (void);
+extern Pos get_target_pointer_size (void);
+extern Pos get_target_maximum_default_alignment (void);
+extern Pos get_target_system_allocator_alignment (void);
+extern Pos get_target_maximum_allowed_alignment (void);
+extern Pos get_target_maximum_alignment (void);
+extern Nat get_float_words_be (void);
+extern Nat get_words_be (void);
+extern Nat get_bytes_be (void);
+extern Nat get_bits_be (void);
+extern Nat get_target_strict_alignment (void);
+extern Nat get_target_double_float_alignment (void);
+extern Nat get_target_double_scalar_alignment (void);
+
+/* This function is called by the front-end to enumerate all the supported
+   modes for the machine, as well as some predefined C types.  */
+extern void enumerate_modes (void (*f) (const char *, int, int, int, int, int,
+					int, int));
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Let code know whether we are targeting VMS without need of
+   intrusive preprocessor directives.  */
+#ifndef TARGET_ABI_OPEN_VMS
+#define TARGET_ABI_OPEN_VMS 0
+#endif
+
+/* VMS option set by default, when clear forces 32bit mallocs and 32bit
+   Descriptors.  Always used in combination with TARGET_ABI_OPEN_VMS
+   so no effect on non-VMS systems.  */
+#if TARGET_ABI_OPEN_VMS == 0
+#define flag_vms_malloc64 0
+#endif
+
+/* Convenient shortcuts.  */
+#define VECTOR_TYPE_P(TYPE) (TREE_CODE (TYPE) == VECTOR_TYPE)
+
+/* If EXP's type is a VECTOR_TYPE, return EXP converted to the associated
+   TYPE_REPRESENTATIVE_ARRAY.  */
+
+static inline tree
+maybe_vector_array (tree exp)
+{
+  tree etype = TREE_TYPE (exp);
+
+  if (VECTOR_TYPE_P (etype))
+    exp = convert (TYPE_REPRESENTATIVE_ARRAY (etype), exp);
+
+  return exp;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT
+ceil_pow2 (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT x)
+{
+  return (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (floor_log2 (x - 1) + 1);
+}
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/lang-specs.h b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/lang-specs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..850fee5e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/lang-specs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                            L A N G - S P E C S                           *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                              C Header File                               *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *           Copyright (C) 1992-2012, Free Software Foundation, Inc.        *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have received a copy of the GNU General   *
+ * Public License along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see        *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/* This is the contribution to the `default_compilers' array in gcc.c for
+   GNAT.  */
+
+  {".ads", "@ada", 0, 0, 0},
+  {".adb", "@ada", 0, 0, 0},
+  {"@ada",
+   "\
+ %{pg:%{fomit-frame-pointer:%e-pg and -fomit-frame-pointer are incompatible}}\
+ %{!S:%{!c:%e-c or -S required for Ada}}\
+ gnat1 %{I*} %{k8:-gnatk8} %{Wall:-gnatwa} %{w:-gnatws} %{!Q:-quiet}\
+    %{nostdinc*} %{nostdlib*}\
+    -dumpbase %{.adb:%b.adb}%{.ads:%b.ads}%{!.adb:%{!.ads:%b.ada}}\
+    %{c|S:%{o*:-auxbase-strip %*}%{!o*:-auxbase %b}}%{!c:%{!S:-auxbase %b}} \
+    %{O*} %{W*} %{w} %{p} %{pg:-p} %{d*} %{f*}\
+    %{coverage:-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage} "
+   "%{gnatea:-gnatez} %{g*&m*} "
+#if defined(TARGET_VXWORKS_RTP)
+   "%{fRTS=rtp:-mrtp} %{fRTS=rtp-smp:-mrtp} %{fRTS=ravenscar-cert-rtp:-mrtp}"
+#endif
+   "%1 %{!S:%{o*:%w%*-gnatO}} \
+    %i %{S:%W{o*}%{!o*:-o %b.s}} \
+    %{gnatc*|gnats*: -o %j} %{-param*} \
+    %{!gnatc*:%{!gnats*:%(invoke_as)}}", 0, 0, 0},
+
+  {"@adawhy",
+   "\
+ %{!c:%e-c required for gnat2why}\
+ gnat1why %{I*} %{k8:-gnatk8} %{!Q:-quiet}\
+    %{nostdinc*} %{nostdlib*}\
+    -dumpbase %{.adb:%b.adb}%{.ads:%b.ads}%{!.adb:%{!.ads:%b.ada}}\
+    %{o*:-auxbase-strip %*}%{!o*:-auxbase %b} \
+    %{a} %{d*} %{f*} \
+    %{gnatea:-gnatez} %{g*&m*} \
+    %1 %{o*:%w%*-gnatO} \
+    %i \
+    %{gnatc*|gnats*: -o %j} %{-param*} ", 0, 0, 0},
+
+  {"@adascil",
+   "\
+ %{!c:%e-c required for gnat2scil}\
+ gnat1scil %{I*} %{k8:-gnatk8} %{!Q:-quiet}\
+    %{nostdinc*} %{nostdlib*}\
+    -dumpbase %{.adb:%b.adb}%{.ads:%b.ads}%{!.adb:%{!.ads:%b.ada}}\
+    %{o*:-auxbase-strip %*}%{!o*:-auxbase %b} \
+    %{a} %{d*} %{f*} \
+    %{gnatea:-gnatez} %{g*&m*} \
+    %1 %{o*:%w%*-gnatO} \
+    %i \
+    %{gnatc*|gnats*: -o %j} %{-param*} ", 0, 0, 0},
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/lang.opt b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/lang.opt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..004388ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/lang.opt
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+; Options for the Ada front end.
+; Copyright (C) 2003-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+;
+; This file is part of GCC.
+;
+; GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+; the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+; Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+; version.
+; 
+; GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+; WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+; FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+; for more details.
+; 
+; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+; along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+; <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+; See the GCC internals manual for a description of this file's format.
+
+; Please try to keep this file in ASCII collating order.
+
+Language
+Ada
+
+Language
+AdaWhy
+
+Language
+AdaSCIL
+
+-all-warnings
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL Alias(Wall)
+
+-include-barrier
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL Alias(I, -)
+
+-include-directory
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL Separate Alias(I)
+
+-include-directory=
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL Joined Alias(I)
+
+-no-standard-includes
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL Alias(nostdinc)
+
+-no-standard-libraries
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL Alias(nostdlib)
+
+I
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL Joined Separate
+; Documented in C but it should be: -I <dir>.	Add <dir> to the end of the main source path
+
+Wall
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL
+Enable most warning messages
+
+k8
+Driver
+Synonym of -gnatk8
+
+nostdinc
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL RejectNegative
+; Documented in C but it should be: Do not look for source files in standard path
+
+nostdlib
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL
+Do not look for object files in standard path
+
+fRTS=
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL Joined RejectNegative
+Select the runtime
+
+fshort-enums
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL
+Use the narrowest integer type possible for enumeration types
+
+gant
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL Joined Undocumented
+Catch typos
+
+gnatO
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL Separate
+Set name of output ALI file (internal switch)
+
+gnat
+Ada AdaWhy AdaSCIL Joined
+-gnat<options>	Specify options to GNAT
+
+; This comment is to ensure we retain the blank line above.
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/misc.c b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/misc.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5f2881d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/misc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,928 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                                 M I S C                                  *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                           C Implementation File                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *          Copyright (C) 1992-2014, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General *
+ * Public License  distributed  with GNAT;  see file  COPYING3.  If not see *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "opts.h"
+#include "options.h"
+#include "tm.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "stor-layout.h"
+#include "print-tree.h"
+#include "diagnostic.h"
+#include "target.h"
+#include "ggc.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "toplev.h"
+#include "langhooks.h"
+#include "langhooks-def.h"
+#include "plugin.h"
+#include "real.h"
+#include "function.h"	/* For pass_by_reference.  */
+
+#include "ada.h"
+#include "adadecode.h"
+#include "types.h"
+#include "atree.h"
+#include "elists.h"
+#include "namet.h"
+#include "nlists.h"
+#include "stringt.h"
+#include "uintp.h"
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "sinfo.h"
+#include "einfo.h"
+#include "ada-tree.h"
+#include "gigi.h"
+
+/* This symbol needs to be defined for the front-end.  */
+void *callgraph_info_file = NULL;
+
+/* Command-line argc and argv.  These variables are global since they are
+   imported in back_end.adb.  */
+unsigned int save_argc;
+const char **save_argv;
+
+/* GNAT argc and argv.  */
+extern int gnat_argc;
+extern char **gnat_argv;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Declare functions we use as part of startup.  */
+extern void __gnat_initialize (void *);
+extern void __gnat_install_SEH_handler (void *);
+extern void adainit (void);
+extern void _ada_gnat1drv (void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+/* The parser for the language.  For us, we process the GNAT tree.  */
+
+static void
+gnat_parse_file (void)
+{
+  int seh[2];
+
+  /* Call the target specific initializations.  */
+  __gnat_initialize (NULL);
+
+  /* ??? Call the SEH initialization routine.  This is to workaround
+  a bootstrap path problem.  The call below should be removed at some
+  point and the SEH pointer passed to __gnat_initialize() above.  */
+  __gnat_install_SEH_handler((void *)seh);
+
+  /* Call the front-end elaboration procedures.  */
+  adainit ();
+
+  /* Call the front end.  */
+  _ada_gnat1drv ();
+}
+
+/* Return language mask for option processing.  */
+
+static unsigned int
+gnat_option_lang_mask (void)
+{
+  return CL_Ada;
+}
+
+/* Decode all the language specific options that cannot be decoded by GCC.
+   The option decoding phase of GCC calls this routine on the flags that
+   are marked as Ada-specific.  Return true on success or false on failure.  */
+
+static bool
+gnat_handle_option (size_t scode, const char *arg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, int value,
+		    int kind ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, location_t loc ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		    const struct cl_option_handlers *handlers ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  enum opt_code code = (enum opt_code) scode;
+
+  switch (code)
+    {
+    case OPT_Wall:
+      handle_generated_option (&global_options, &global_options_set,
+			       OPT_Wunused, NULL, value,
+			       gnat_option_lang_mask (), kind, loc,
+			       handlers, global_dc);
+      warn_uninitialized = value;
+      warn_maybe_uninitialized = value;
+      break;
+
+    case OPT_gant:
+      warning (0, "%<-gnat%> misspelled as %<-gant%>");
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case OPT_gnat:
+    case OPT_gnatO:
+    case OPT_fRTS_:
+    case OPT_I:
+    case OPT_nostdinc:
+    case OPT_nostdlib:
+      /* These are handled by the front-end.  */
+      break;
+
+    case OPT_fshort_enums:
+      /* This is handled by the middle-end.  */
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  Ada_handle_option_auto (&global_options, &global_options_set,
+			  scode, arg, value,
+			  gnat_option_lang_mask (), kind,
+			  loc, handlers, global_dc);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Initialize options structure OPTS.  */
+
+static void
+gnat_init_options_struct (struct gcc_options *opts)
+{
+  /* Uninitialized really means uninitialized in Ada.  */
+  opts->x_flag_zero_initialized_in_bss = 0;
+
+  /* We can delete dead instructions that may throw exceptions in Ada.  */
+  opts->x_flag_delete_dead_exceptions = 1;
+}
+
+/* Initialize for option processing.  */
+
+static void
+gnat_init_options (unsigned int decoded_options_count,
+		   struct cl_decoded_option *decoded_options)
+{
+  /* Reconstruct an argv array for use of back_end.adb.
+
+     ??? back_end.adb should not rely on this; instead, it should work with
+     decoded options without such reparsing, to ensure consistency in how
+     options are decoded.  */
+  unsigned int i;
+
+  save_argv = XNEWVEC (const char *, 2 * decoded_options_count + 1);
+  save_argc = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < decoded_options_count; i++)
+    {
+      size_t num_elements = decoded_options[i].canonical_option_num_elements;
+
+      if (decoded_options[i].errors
+	  || decoded_options[i].opt_index == OPT_SPECIAL_unknown
+	  || num_elements == 0)
+	continue;
+
+      /* Deal with -I- specially since it must be a single switch.  */
+      if (decoded_options[i].opt_index == OPT_I
+	  && num_elements == 2
+	  && decoded_options[i].canonical_option[1][0] == '-'
+	  && decoded_options[i].canonical_option[1][1] == '\0')
+	save_argv[save_argc++] = "-I-";
+      else
+	{
+	  gcc_assert (num_elements >= 1 && num_elements <= 2);
+	  save_argv[save_argc++] = decoded_options[i].canonical_option[0];
+	  if (num_elements >= 2)
+	    save_argv[save_argc++] = decoded_options[i].canonical_option[1];
+	}
+    }
+  save_argv[save_argc] = NULL;
+
+  gnat_argv = (char **) xmalloc (sizeof (save_argv[0]));
+  gnat_argv[0] = xstrdup (save_argv[0]);     /* name of the command */
+  gnat_argc = 1;
+}
+
+/* Ada code requires variables for these settings rather than elements
+   of the global_options structure.  */
+#undef optimize
+#undef optimize_size
+#undef flag_compare_debug
+#undef flag_short_enums
+#undef flag_stack_check
+int optimize;
+int optimize_size;
+int flag_compare_debug;
+int flag_short_enums;
+enum stack_check_type flag_stack_check = NO_STACK_CHECK;
+
+/* Settings adjustments after switches processing by the back-end.
+   Note that the front-end switches processing (Scan_Compiler_Arguments)
+   has not been done yet at this point!  */
+
+static bool
+gnat_post_options (const char **pfilename ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* Excess precision other than "fast" requires front-end support.  */
+  if (flag_excess_precision_cmdline == EXCESS_PRECISION_STANDARD
+      && TARGET_FLT_EVAL_METHOD_NON_DEFAULT)
+    sorry ("-fexcess-precision=standard for Ada");
+  flag_excess_precision_cmdline = EXCESS_PRECISION_FAST;
+
+  /* ??? The warning machinery is outsmarted by Ada.  */
+  warn_unused_parameter = 0;
+
+  /* No psABI change warnings for Ada.  */
+  warn_psabi = 0;
+
+  /* No caret by default for Ada.  */
+  if (!global_options_set.x_flag_diagnostics_show_caret)
+    global_dc->show_caret = false;
+
+  optimize = global_options.x_optimize;
+  optimize_size = global_options.x_optimize_size;
+  flag_compare_debug = global_options.x_flag_compare_debug;
+  flag_stack_check = global_options.x_flag_stack_check;
+  flag_short_enums = global_options.x_flag_short_enums;
+
+  /* Unfortunately the post_options hook is called before the value of
+     flag_short_enums is autodetected, if need be.  Mimic the process
+     for our private flag_short_enums.  */
+  if (flag_short_enums == 2)
+    flag_short_enums = targetm.default_short_enums ();
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Here is the function to handle the compiler error processing in GCC.  */
+
+static void
+internal_error_function (diagnostic_context *context,
+			 const char *msgid, va_list *ap)
+{
+  text_info tinfo;
+  char *buffer, *p, *loc;
+  String_Template temp, temp_loc;
+  Fat_Pointer fp, fp_loc;
+  expanded_location s;
+
+  /* Warn if plugins present.  */
+  warn_if_plugins ();
+
+  /* Reset the pretty-printer.  */
+  pp_clear_output_area (context->printer);
+
+  /* Format the message into the pretty-printer.  */
+  tinfo.format_spec = msgid;
+  tinfo.args_ptr = ap;
+  tinfo.err_no = errno;
+  pp_format_verbatim (context->printer, &tinfo);
+
+  /* Extract a (writable) pointer to the formatted text.  */
+  buffer = xstrdup (pp_formatted_text (context->printer));
+
+  /* Go up to the first newline.  */
+  for (p = buffer; *p; p++)
+    if (*p == '\n')
+      {
+	*p = '\0';
+	break;
+      }
+
+  temp.Low_Bound = 1;
+  temp.High_Bound = p - buffer;
+  fp.Bounds = &temp;
+  fp.Array = buffer;
+
+  s = expand_location (input_location);
+  if (context->show_column && s.column != 0)
+    asprintf (&loc, "%s:%d:%d", s.file, s.line, s.column);
+  else
+    asprintf (&loc, "%s:%d", s.file, s.line);
+  temp_loc.Low_Bound = 1;
+  temp_loc.High_Bound = strlen (loc);
+  fp_loc.Bounds = &temp_loc;
+  fp_loc.Array = loc;
+
+  Current_Error_Node = error_gnat_node;
+  Compiler_Abort (fp, -1, fp_loc);
+}
+
+/* Perform all the initialization steps that are language-specific.  */
+
+static bool
+gnat_init (void)
+{
+  /* Do little here, most of the standard declarations are set up after the
+     front-end has been run.  Use the same `char' as C, this doesn't really
+     matter since we'll use the explicit `unsigned char' for Character.  */
+  build_common_tree_nodes (flag_signed_char, false);
+
+  /* In Ada, we use an unsigned 8-bit type for the default boolean type.  */
+  boolean_type_node = make_unsigned_type (8);
+  TREE_SET_CODE (boolean_type_node, BOOLEAN_TYPE);
+  SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (boolean_type_node,
+			 build_int_cst (boolean_type_node, 1));
+  SET_TYPE_RM_SIZE (boolean_type_node, bitsize_int (1));
+  boolean_true_node = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (boolean_type_node);
+  boolean_false_node = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (boolean_type_node);
+
+  sbitsize_one_node = sbitsize_int (1);
+  sbitsize_unit_node = sbitsize_int (BITS_PER_UNIT);
+
+  ptr_void_type_node = build_pointer_type (void_type_node);
+
+  /* Show that REFERENCE_TYPEs are internal and should be Pmode.  */
+  internal_reference_types ();
+
+  /* Register our internal error function.  */
+  global_dc->internal_error = &internal_error_function;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Initialize the GCC support for exception handling.  */
+
+void
+gnat_init_gcc_eh (void)
+{
+  /* We shouldn't do anything if the No_Exceptions_Handler pragma is set,
+     though. This could for instance lead to the emission of tables with
+     references to symbols (such as the Ada eh personality routine) within
+     libraries we won't link against.  */
+  if (No_Exception_Handlers_Set ())
+    return;
+
+  /* Tell GCC we are handling cleanup actions through exception propagation.
+     This opens possibilities that we don't take advantage of yet, but is
+     nonetheless necessary to ensure that fixup code gets assigned to the
+     right exception regions.  */
+  using_eh_for_cleanups ();
+
+  /* Turn on -fexceptions and -fnon-call-exceptions.  The first one triggers
+     the generation of the necessary exception tables.  The second one is
+     useful for two reasons: 1/ we map some asynchronous signals like SEGV to
+     exceptions, so we need to ensure that the insns which can lead to such
+     signals are correctly attached to the exception region they pertain to,
+     2/ Some calls to pure subprograms are handled as libcall blocks and then
+     marked as "cannot trap" if the flag is not set (see emit_libcall_block).
+     We should not let this be since it is possible for such calls to actually
+     raise in Ada.  */
+  flag_exceptions = 1;
+  flag_non_call_exceptions = 1;
+
+  init_eh ();
+}
+
+/* Initialize the GCC support for floating-point operations.  */
+
+void
+gnat_init_gcc_fp (void)
+{
+  /* Disable FP optimizations that ignore the signedness of zero if
+     S'Signed_Zeros is true, but don't override the user if not.  */
+  if (Signed_Zeros_On_Target)
+    flag_signed_zeros = 1;
+  else if (!global_options_set.x_flag_signed_zeros)
+    flag_signed_zeros = 0;
+
+  /* Assume that FP operations can trap if S'Machine_Overflow is true,
+     but don't override the user if not.
+
+     ??? Alpha/VMS enables FP traps without declaring it.  */
+  if (Machine_Overflows_On_Target || TARGET_ABI_OPEN_VMS)
+    flag_trapping_math = 1;
+  else if (!global_options_set.x_flag_trapping_math)
+    flag_trapping_math = 0;
+}
+
+/* Print language-specific items in declaration NODE.  */
+
+static void
+gnat_print_decl (FILE *file, tree node, int indent)
+{
+  switch (TREE_CODE (node))
+    {
+    case CONST_DECL:
+      print_node (file, "corresponding var",
+		  DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR (node), indent + 4);
+      break;
+
+    case FIELD_DECL:
+      print_node (file, "original field", DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD (node),
+		  indent + 4);
+      break;
+
+    case VAR_DECL:
+      if (DECL_LOOP_PARM_P (node))
+	print_node (file, "induction var", DECL_INDUCTION_VAR (node),
+		    indent + 4);
+      else
+	print_node (file, "renamed object", DECL_RENAMED_OBJECT (node),
+		    indent + 4);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Print language-specific items in type NODE.  */
+
+static void
+gnat_print_type (FILE *file, tree node, int indent)
+{
+  switch (TREE_CODE (node))
+    {
+    case FUNCTION_TYPE:
+      print_node (file, "ci/co list", TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (node), indent + 4);
+      break;
+
+    case INTEGER_TYPE:
+      if (TYPE_MODULAR_P (node))
+	print_node_brief (file, "modulus", TYPE_MODULUS (node), indent + 4);
+      else if (TYPE_HAS_ACTUAL_BOUNDS_P (node))
+	print_node (file, "actual bounds", TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS (node),
+		    indent + 4);
+      else if (TYPE_VAX_FLOATING_POINT_P (node))
+	;
+      else
+	print_node (file, "index type", TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (node), indent + 4);
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
+    case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
+      print_node_brief (file, "RM size", TYPE_RM_SIZE (node), indent + 4);
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case REAL_TYPE:
+      print_node_brief (file, "RM min", TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (node), indent + 4);
+      print_node_brief (file, "RM max", TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (node), indent + 4);
+      break;
+
+    case ARRAY_TYPE:
+      print_node (file,"actual bounds", TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS (node), indent + 4);
+      break;
+
+    case VECTOR_TYPE:
+      print_node (file,"representative array",
+		  TYPE_REPRESENTATIVE_ARRAY (node), indent + 4);
+      break;
+
+    case RECORD_TYPE:
+      if (TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (node) || TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (node))
+	print_node (file, "unconstrained array",
+		    TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (node), indent + 4);
+      else
+	print_node (file, "Ada size", TYPE_ADA_SIZE (node), indent + 4);
+      break;
+
+    case UNION_TYPE:
+    case QUAL_UNION_TYPE:
+      print_node (file, "Ada size", TYPE_ADA_SIZE (node), indent + 4);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return the name to be printed for DECL.  */
+
+static const char *
+gnat_printable_name (tree decl, int verbosity)
+{
+  const char *coded_name = IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (decl));
+  char *ada_name = (char *) ggc_alloc_atomic (strlen (coded_name) * 2 + 60);
+
+  __gnat_decode (coded_name, ada_name, 0);
+
+  if (verbosity == 2 && !DECL_IS_BUILTIN (decl))
+    {
+      Set_Identifier_Casing (ada_name, DECL_SOURCE_FILE (decl));
+      return ggc_strdup (Name_Buffer);
+    }
+
+  return ada_name;
+}
+
+/* Return the name to be used in DWARF debug info for DECL.  */
+
+static const char *
+gnat_dwarf_name (tree decl, int verbosity ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  gcc_assert (DECL_P (decl));
+  return (const char *) IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (decl));
+}
+
+/* Return the descriptive type associated with TYPE, if any.  */
+
+static tree
+gnat_descriptive_type (const_tree type)
+{
+  if (TYPE_STUB_DECL (type))
+    return DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE (TYPE_STUB_DECL (type));
+  else
+    return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Return true if types T1 and T2 are identical for type hashing purposes.
+   Called only after doing all language independent checks.  At present,
+   this function is only called when both types are FUNCTION_TYPE.  */
+
+static bool
+gnat_type_hash_eq (const_tree t1, const_tree t2)
+{
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (t1) == FUNCTION_TYPE);
+  return fntype_same_flags_p (t1, TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (t2),
+			      TYPE_RETURN_UNCONSTRAINED_P (t2),
+			      TYPE_RETURN_BY_DIRECT_REF_P (t2),
+			      TREE_ADDRESSABLE (t2));
+}
+
+/* Do nothing (return the tree node passed).  */
+
+static tree
+gnat_return_tree (tree t)
+{
+  return t;
+}
+
+/* Get the alias set corresponding to a type or expression.  */
+
+static alias_set_type
+gnat_get_alias_set (tree type)
+{
+  /* If this is a padding type, use the type of the first field.  */
+  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (type))
+    return get_alias_set (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type)));
+
+  /* If the type is an unconstrained array, use the type of the
+     self-referential array we make.  */
+  else if (TREE_CODE (type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+    return
+      get_alias_set (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (type)))));
+
+  /* If the type can alias any other types, return the alias set 0.  */
+  else if (TYPE_P (type)
+	   && TYPE_UNIVERSAL_ALIASING_P (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type)))
+    return 0;
+
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/* GNU_TYPE is a type.  Return its maximum size in bytes, if known,
+   as a constant when possible.  */
+
+static tree
+gnat_type_max_size (const_tree gnu_type)
+{
+  /* First see what we can get from TYPE_SIZE_UNIT, which might not
+     be constant even for simple expressions if it has already been
+     elaborated and possibly replaced by a VAR_DECL.  */
+  tree max_unitsize = max_size (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type), true);
+
+  /* If we don't have a constant, see what we can get from TYPE_ADA_SIZE,
+     which should stay untouched.  */
+  if (!tree_fits_uhwi_p (max_unitsize)
+      && RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+      && !TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_type)
+      && TYPE_ADA_SIZE (gnu_type))
+    {
+      tree max_adasize = max_size (TYPE_ADA_SIZE (gnu_type), true);
+
+      /* If we have succeeded in finding a constant, round it up to the
+	 type's alignment and return the result in units.  */
+      if (tree_fits_uhwi_p (max_adasize))
+	max_unitsize
+	  = size_binop (CEIL_DIV_EXPR,
+			round_up (max_adasize, TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type)),
+			bitsize_unit_node);
+    }
+
+  return max_unitsize;
+}
+
+/* GNU_TYPE is a subtype of an integral type.  Set LOWVAL to the low bound
+   and HIGHVAL to the high bound, respectively.  */
+
+static void
+gnat_get_subrange_bounds (const_tree gnu_type, tree *lowval, tree *highval)
+{
+  *lowval = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_type);
+  *highval = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_type);
+}
+
+/* GNU_TYPE is the type of a subprogram parameter.  Determine if it should be
+   passed by reference by default.  */
+
+bool
+default_pass_by_ref (tree gnu_type)
+{
+  /* We pass aggregates by reference if they are sufficiently large for
+     their alignment.  The ratio is somewhat arbitrary.  We also pass by
+     reference if the target machine would either pass or return by
+     reference.  Strictly speaking, we need only check the return if this
+     is an In Out parameter, but it's probably best to err on the side of
+     passing more things by reference.  */
+
+  if (pass_by_reference (NULL, TYPE_MODE (gnu_type), gnu_type, true))
+    return true;
+
+  if (targetm.calls.return_in_memory (gnu_type, NULL_TREE))
+    return true;
+
+  if (AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+      && (!valid_constant_size_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type))
+	  || 0 < compare_tree_int (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type),
+				   TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type))))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* GNU_TYPE is the type of a subprogram parameter.  Determine if it must be
+   passed by reference.  */
+
+bool
+must_pass_by_ref (tree gnu_type)
+{
+  /* We pass only unconstrained objects, those required by the language
+     to be passed by reference, and objects of variable size.  The latter
+     is more efficient, avoids problems with variable size temporaries,
+     and does not produce compatibility problems with C, since C does
+     not have such objects.  */
+  return (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE
+	  || TYPE_IS_BY_REFERENCE_P (gnu_type)
+	  || (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type)
+	      && TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type)) != INTEGER_CST));
+}
+
+/* This function is called by the front-end to enumerate all the supported
+   modes for the machine, as well as some predefined C types.  F is a function
+   which is called back with the parameters as listed below, first a string,
+   then seven ints.  The name is any arbitrary null-terminated string and has
+   no particular significance, except for the case of predefined C types, where
+   it should be the name of the C type.  For integer types, only signed types
+   should be listed, unsigned versions are assumed.  The order of types should
+   be in order of preference, with the smallest/cheapest types first.
+
+   In particular, C predefined types should be listed before other types,
+   binary floating point types before decimal ones, and narrower/cheaper
+   type versions before more expensive ones.  In type selection the first
+   matching variant will be used.
+
+   NAME		pointer to first char of type name
+   DIGS		number of decimal digits for floating-point modes, else 0
+   COMPLEX_P	nonzero is this represents a complex mode
+   COUNT	count of number of items, nonzero for vector mode
+   FLOAT_REP	Float_Rep_Kind for FP, otherwise undefined
+   PRECISION	number of bits used to store data
+   SIZE		number of bits occupied by the mode
+   ALIGN	number of bits to which mode is aligned.  */
+
+void
+enumerate_modes (void (*f) (const char *, int, int, int, int, int, int, int))
+{
+  const tree c_types[]
+    = { float_type_node, double_type_node, long_double_type_node };
+  const char *const c_names[]
+    = { "float", "double", "long double" };
+  int iloop;
+
+  for (iloop = 0; iloop < NUM_MACHINE_MODES; iloop++)
+    {
+      enum machine_mode i = (enum machine_mode) iloop;
+      enum machine_mode inner_mode = i;
+      bool float_p = false;
+      bool complex_p = false;
+      bool vector_p = false;
+      bool skip_p = false;
+      int digs = 0;
+      unsigned int nameloop;
+      Float_Rep_Kind float_rep = IEEE_Binary; /* Until proven otherwise */
+
+      switch (GET_MODE_CLASS (i))
+	{
+	case MODE_INT:
+	  break;
+	case MODE_FLOAT:
+	  float_p = true;
+	  break;
+	case MODE_COMPLEX_INT:
+	  complex_p = true;
+	  inner_mode = GET_MODE_INNER (i);
+	  break;
+	case MODE_COMPLEX_FLOAT:
+	  float_p = true;
+	  complex_p = true;
+	  inner_mode = GET_MODE_INNER (i);
+	  break;
+	case MODE_VECTOR_INT:
+	  vector_p = true;
+	  inner_mode = GET_MODE_INNER (i);
+	  break;
+	case MODE_VECTOR_FLOAT:
+	  float_p = true;
+	  vector_p = true;
+	  inner_mode = GET_MODE_INNER (i);
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  skip_p = true;
+	}
+
+      if (float_p)
+	{
+	  const struct real_format *fmt = REAL_MODE_FORMAT (inner_mode);
+
+	  /* ??? Cope with the ghost XFmode of the ARM port.  */
+	  if (!fmt)
+	    continue;
+
+	  if (fmt->b == 2)
+	    digs = (fmt->p - 1) * 1233 / 4096; /* scale by log (2) */
+
+	  else if (fmt->b == 10)
+	    digs = fmt->p;
+
+	  else
+	    gcc_unreachable();
+
+	  if (fmt == &vax_f_format
+	      || fmt == &vax_d_format
+	      || fmt == &vax_g_format)
+	    float_rep = VAX_Native;
+	}
+
+      /* First register any C types for this mode that the front end
+	 may need to know about, unless the mode should be skipped.  */
+      if (!skip_p && !vector_p)
+	for (nameloop = 0; nameloop < ARRAY_SIZE (c_types); nameloop++)
+	  {
+	    tree type = c_types[nameloop];
+	    const char *name = c_names[nameloop];
+
+	    if (TYPE_MODE (type) == i)
+	      {
+		f (name, digs, complex_p, 0, float_rep, TYPE_PRECISION (type),
+		   TREE_INT_CST_LOW (TYPE_SIZE (type)), TYPE_ALIGN (type));
+		skip_p = true;
+	      }
+	  }
+
+      /* If no predefined C types were found, register the mode itself.  */
+      if (!skip_p)
+	f (GET_MODE_NAME (i), digs, complex_p,
+	   vector_p ? GET_MODE_NUNITS (i) : 0, float_rep,
+	   GET_MODE_PRECISION (i), GET_MODE_BITSIZE (i),
+	   GET_MODE_ALIGNMENT (i));
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return the size of the FP mode with precision PREC.  */
+
+int
+fp_prec_to_size (int prec)
+{
+  enum machine_mode mode;
+
+  for (mode = GET_CLASS_NARROWEST_MODE (MODE_FLOAT); mode != VOIDmode;
+       mode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (mode))
+    if (GET_MODE_PRECISION (mode) == prec)
+      return GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);
+
+  gcc_unreachable ();
+}
+
+/* Return the precision of the FP mode with size SIZE.  */
+
+int
+fp_size_to_prec (int size)
+{
+  enum machine_mode mode;
+
+  for (mode = GET_CLASS_NARROWEST_MODE (MODE_FLOAT); mode != VOIDmode;
+       mode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (mode))
+    if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) == size)
+      return GET_MODE_PRECISION (mode);
+
+  gcc_unreachable ();
+}
+
+static GTY(()) tree gnat_eh_personality_decl;
+
+/* Return the GNAT personality function decl.  */
+
+static tree
+gnat_eh_personality (void)
+{
+  if (!gnat_eh_personality_decl)
+    gnat_eh_personality_decl = build_personality_function ("gnat");
+  return gnat_eh_personality_decl;
+}
+
+/* Initialize language-specific bits of tree_contains_struct.  */
+
+static void
+gnat_init_ts (void)
+{
+  MARK_TS_COMMON (UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE);
+
+  MARK_TS_TYPED (UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF);
+  MARK_TS_TYPED (NULL_EXPR);
+  MARK_TS_TYPED (PLUS_NOMOD_EXPR);
+  MARK_TS_TYPED (MINUS_NOMOD_EXPR);
+  MARK_TS_TYPED (ATTR_ADDR_EXPR);
+  MARK_TS_TYPED (STMT_STMT);
+  MARK_TS_TYPED (LOOP_STMT);
+  MARK_TS_TYPED (EXIT_STMT);
+}
+
+/* Definitions for our language-specific hooks.  */
+
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_NAME
+#define LANG_HOOKS_NAME			"GNU Ada"
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_IDENTIFIER_SIZE
+#define LANG_HOOKS_IDENTIFIER_SIZE	sizeof (struct tree_identifier)
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_INIT
+#define LANG_HOOKS_INIT			gnat_init
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_OPTION_LANG_MASK
+#define LANG_HOOKS_OPTION_LANG_MASK	gnat_option_lang_mask
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_INIT_OPTIONS_STRUCT
+#define LANG_HOOKS_INIT_OPTIONS_STRUCT	gnat_init_options_struct
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_INIT_OPTIONS
+#define LANG_HOOKS_INIT_OPTIONS		gnat_init_options
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_HANDLE_OPTION
+#define LANG_HOOKS_HANDLE_OPTION	gnat_handle_option
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_POST_OPTIONS
+#define LANG_HOOKS_POST_OPTIONS		gnat_post_options
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_PARSE_FILE
+#define LANG_HOOKS_PARSE_FILE		gnat_parse_file
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_TYPE_HASH_EQ
+#define LANG_HOOKS_TYPE_HASH_EQ		gnat_type_hash_eq
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_GETDECLS
+#define LANG_HOOKS_GETDECLS		lhd_return_null_tree_v
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_PUSHDECL
+#define LANG_HOOKS_PUSHDECL		gnat_return_tree
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_WRITE_GLOBALS
+#define LANG_HOOKS_WRITE_GLOBALS	gnat_write_global_declarations
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_GET_ALIAS_SET
+#define LANG_HOOKS_GET_ALIAS_SET	gnat_get_alias_set
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_PRINT_DECL
+#define LANG_HOOKS_PRINT_DECL		gnat_print_decl
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_PRINT_TYPE
+#define LANG_HOOKS_PRINT_TYPE		gnat_print_type
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_TYPE_MAX_SIZE
+#define LANG_HOOKS_TYPE_MAX_SIZE	gnat_type_max_size
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_DECL_PRINTABLE_NAME
+#define LANG_HOOKS_DECL_PRINTABLE_NAME	gnat_printable_name
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_DWARF_NAME
+#define LANG_HOOKS_DWARF_NAME		gnat_dwarf_name
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_GIMPLIFY_EXPR
+#define LANG_HOOKS_GIMPLIFY_EXPR	gnat_gimplify_expr
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_TYPE_FOR_MODE
+#define LANG_HOOKS_TYPE_FOR_MODE	gnat_type_for_mode
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_TYPE_FOR_SIZE
+#define LANG_HOOKS_TYPE_FOR_SIZE	gnat_type_for_size
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P
+#define LANG_HOOKS_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P	gnat_types_compatible_p
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_GET_SUBRANGE_BOUNDS
+#define LANG_HOOKS_GET_SUBRANGE_BOUNDS  gnat_get_subrange_bounds
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_DESCRIPTIVE_TYPE
+#define LANG_HOOKS_DESCRIPTIVE_TYPE	gnat_descriptive_type
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_ATTRIBUTE_TABLE
+#define LANG_HOOKS_ATTRIBUTE_TABLE	gnat_internal_attribute_table
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_BUILTIN_FUNCTION
+#define LANG_HOOKS_BUILTIN_FUNCTION	gnat_builtin_function
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_EH_PERSONALITY
+#define LANG_HOOKS_EH_PERSONALITY	gnat_eh_personality
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_DEEP_UNSHARING
+#define LANG_HOOKS_DEEP_UNSHARING	true
+#undef  LANG_HOOKS_INIT_TS
+#define LANG_HOOKS_INIT_TS		gnat_init_ts
+
+struct lang_hooks lang_hooks = LANG_HOOKS_INITIALIZER;
+
+#include "gt-ada-misc.h"
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/targtyps.c b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/targtyps.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cfc45e7fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/targtyps.c
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                            T A R G T Y P S                               *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                                  Body                                    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *          Copyright (C) 1992-2012, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General *
+ * Public License  distributed  with GNAT;  see file  COPYING3.  If not see *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/* Functions for retrieving target types. See Ada package Get_Targ */
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tm.h"
+#include "tm_p.h"
+
+#include "ada.h"
+#include "types.h"
+#include "atree.h"
+#include "elists.h"
+#include "namet.h"
+#include "nlists.h"
+#include "snames.h"
+#include "stringt.h"
+#include "uintp.h"
+#include "urealp.h"
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "sinfo.h"
+#include "einfo.h"
+#include "ada-tree.h"
+#include "gigi.h"
+
+/* If we don't have a specific size for Ada's equivalent of `long', use that
+   of C.  */
+#ifndef ADA_LONG_TYPE_SIZE
+#define ADA_LONG_TYPE_SIZE LONG_TYPE_SIZE
+#endif
+
+/* If we don't have a target definition of WIDEST_HARDWARE_FP_SIZE, assume
+   DOUBLE_TYPE_SIZE.  We used to default to LONG_DOUBLE_TYPE_SIZE, which now
+   most often maps 128 bits implemented with very inefficient software
+   emulations so is incorrect as a hardware size estimate.  */
+
+#ifndef WIDEST_HARDWARE_FP_SIZE
+#define WIDEST_HARDWARE_FP_SIZE DOUBLE_TYPE_SIZE
+#endif
+
+/* The following provide a functional interface for the front end Ada code
+   to determine the sizes that are used for various C types. */
+
+Pos
+get_target_bits_per_unit (void)
+{
+  return BITS_PER_UNIT;
+}
+
+Pos
+get_target_bits_per_word (void)
+{
+  return BITS_PER_WORD;
+}
+
+Pos
+get_target_char_size (void)
+{
+  return CHAR_TYPE_SIZE;
+}
+
+Pos
+get_target_wchar_t_size (void)
+{
+  /* We never want wide characters less than "short" in Ada.  */
+  return MAX (SHORT_TYPE_SIZE, WCHAR_TYPE_SIZE);
+}
+
+Pos
+get_target_short_size (void)
+{
+  return SHORT_TYPE_SIZE;
+}
+
+Pos
+get_target_int_size (void)
+{
+  return INT_TYPE_SIZE;
+}
+
+Pos
+get_target_long_size (void)
+{
+  return ADA_LONG_TYPE_SIZE;
+}
+
+Pos
+get_target_long_long_size (void)
+{
+  return LONG_LONG_TYPE_SIZE;
+}
+
+Pos
+get_target_float_size (void)
+{
+  return fp_prec_to_size (FLOAT_TYPE_SIZE);
+}
+
+Pos
+get_target_double_size (void)
+{
+  return fp_prec_to_size (DOUBLE_TYPE_SIZE);
+}
+
+Pos
+get_target_long_double_size (void)
+{
+  return fp_prec_to_size (WIDEST_HARDWARE_FP_SIZE);
+}
+
+Pos
+get_target_pointer_size (void)
+{
+  return POINTER_SIZE;
+}
+
+/* Alignment related values, mapped to attributes for functional and
+   documentation purposes.  */
+
+/* Standard'Maximum_Default_Alignment.  Maximum alignment that the compiler
+   might choose by default for a type or object.
+
+   Stricter alignment requests trigger gigi's aligning_type circuitry for
+   stack objects or objects allocated by the default allocator.  */
+
+Pos
+get_target_maximum_default_alignment (void)
+{
+  return BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT / BITS_PER_UNIT;
+}
+
+/* Standard'System_Allocator_Alignment.  Alignment guaranteed to be honored
+   by the default allocator (System.Memory.Alloc or malloc if we have no
+   run-time library at hand).
+
+   Stricter alignment requests trigger gigi's aligning_type circuitry for
+   objects allocated by the default allocator.  */
+
+/* ??? Need a way to get info about __gnat_malloc from here (whether it is
+   handy and what alignment it honors).  In the meantime, resort to malloc
+   considerations only.  */
+
+/* Account for MALLOC_OBSERVABLE_ALIGNMENTs here.  Use this or the ABI
+   guaranteed alignment if greater.  */
+
+#ifdef MALLOC_OBSERVABLE_ALIGNMENT
+#define MALLOC_ALIGNMENT MALLOC_OBSERVABLE_ALIGNMENT
+#else
+#define MALLOC_OBSERVABLE_ALIGNMENT (2 * LONG_TYPE_SIZE)
+#define MALLOC_ALIGNMENT \
+  MAX (MALLOC_ABI_ALIGNMENT, MALLOC_OBSERVABLE_ALIGNMENT)
+#endif
+
+Pos
+get_target_system_allocator_alignment (void)
+{
+  return MALLOC_ALIGNMENT / BITS_PER_UNIT;
+}
+
+/* Standard'Maximum_Allowed_Alignment.  Maximum alignment that we may
+   accept for any type or object.  */
+
+#ifndef MAX_OFILE_ALIGNMENT
+#define MAX_OFILE_ALIGNMENT BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT
+#endif
+
+Pos
+get_target_maximum_allowed_alignment (void)
+{
+  return MAX_OFILE_ALIGNMENT / BITS_PER_UNIT;
+}
+
+/* Standard'Maximum_Alignment.  The single attribute initially made
+   available, now a synonym of Standard'Maximum_Default_Alignment.  */
+
+Pos
+get_target_maximum_alignment (void)
+{
+  return get_target_maximum_default_alignment ();
+}
+
+#ifndef FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN
+#define FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN
+#endif
+
+Nat
+get_float_words_be (void)
+{
+  return FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN;
+}
+
+Nat
+get_words_be (void)
+{
+  return WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN;
+}
+
+Nat
+get_bytes_be (void)
+{
+  return BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN;
+}
+
+Nat
+get_bits_be (void)
+{
+  return BITS_BIG_ENDIAN;
+}
+
+Nat
+get_target_strict_alignment (void)
+{
+  return STRICT_ALIGNMENT;
+}
+
+Nat
+get_target_double_float_alignment (void)
+{
+#ifdef TARGET_ALIGN_NATURAL
+  /* This macro is only defined by the rs6000 port.  */
+  if (!TARGET_ALIGN_NATURAL
+      && (DEFAULT_ABI == ABI_AIX || DEFAULT_ABI == ABI_DARWIN))
+    return 32 / BITS_PER_UNIT;
+#endif
+  return 0;
+}
+
+Nat
+get_target_double_scalar_alignment (void)
+{
+#ifdef TARGET_ALIGN_DOUBLE
+  /* This macro is only defined by the i386 and sh ports.  */
+  if (!TARGET_ALIGN_DOUBLE
+#ifdef TARGET_64BIT
+      && !TARGET_64BIT
+#endif
+     )
+    return 32 / BITS_PER_UNIT;
+#endif
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/trans.c b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/trans.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a4d0faa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/trans.c
@@ -0,0 +1,9469 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                                T R A N S                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                          C Implementation File                           *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *          Copyright (C) 1992-2014, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General *
+ * Public License  distributed  with GNAT;  see file  COPYING3.  If not see *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "tm.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "stringpool.h"
+#include "stor-layout.h"
+#include "stmt.h"
+#include "varasm.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "output.h"
+#include "libfuncs.h"	/* For set_stack_check_libfunc.  */
+#include "tree-iterator.h"
+#include "pointer-set.h"
+#include "gimple-expr.h"
+#include "gimplify.h"
+#include "bitmap.h"
+#include "cgraph.h"
+#include "diagnostic.h"
+#include "opts.h"
+#include "target.h"
+#include "common/common-target.h"
+
+#include "ada.h"
+#include "adadecode.h"
+#include "types.h"
+#include "atree.h"
+#include "elists.h"
+#include "namet.h"
+#include "nlists.h"
+#include "snames.h"
+#include "stringt.h"
+#include "uintp.h"
+#include "urealp.h"
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "sinfo.h"
+#include "einfo.h"
+#include "gadaint.h"
+#include "ada-tree.h"
+#include "gigi.h"
+
+/* We should avoid allocating more than ALLOCA_THRESHOLD bytes via alloca,
+   for fear of running out of stack space.  If we need more, we use xmalloc
+   instead.  */
+#define ALLOCA_THRESHOLD 1000
+
+/* In configurations where blocks have no end_locus attached, just
+   sink assignments into a dummy global.  */
+#ifndef BLOCK_SOURCE_END_LOCATION
+static location_t block_end_locus_sink;
+#define BLOCK_SOURCE_END_LOCATION(BLOCK) block_end_locus_sink
+#endif
+
+/* For efficient float-to-int rounding, it is necessary to know whether
+   floating-point arithmetic may use wider intermediate results.  When
+   FP_ARITH_MAY_WIDEN is not defined, be conservative and only assume
+   that arithmetic does not widen if double precision is emulated.  */
+#ifndef FP_ARITH_MAY_WIDEN
+#if defined(HAVE_extendsfdf2)
+#define FP_ARITH_MAY_WIDEN HAVE_extendsfdf2
+#else
+#define FP_ARITH_MAY_WIDEN 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* Pointers to front-end tables accessed through macros.  */
+struct Node *Nodes_Ptr;
+struct Flags *Flags_Ptr;
+Node_Id *Next_Node_Ptr;
+Node_Id *Prev_Node_Ptr;
+struct Elist_Header *Elists_Ptr;
+struct Elmt_Item *Elmts_Ptr;
+struct String_Entry *Strings_Ptr;
+Char_Code *String_Chars_Ptr;
+struct List_Header *List_Headers_Ptr;
+
+/* Highest number in the front-end node table.  */
+int max_gnat_nodes;
+
+/* Current node being treated, in case abort called.  */
+Node_Id error_gnat_node;
+
+/* True when gigi is being called on an analyzed but unexpanded
+   tree, and the only purpose of the call is to properly annotate
+   types with representation information.  */
+bool type_annotate_only;
+
+/* Current filename without path.  */
+const char *ref_filename;
+
+
+/* List of N_Validate_Unchecked_Conversion nodes in the unit.  */
+static vec<Node_Id> gnat_validate_uc_list;
+
+/* When not optimizing, we cache the 'First, 'Last and 'Length attributes
+   of unconstrained array IN parameters to avoid emitting a great deal of
+   redundant instructions to recompute them each time.  */
+struct GTY (()) parm_attr_d {
+  int id; /* GTY doesn't like Entity_Id.  */
+  int dim;
+  tree first;
+  tree last;
+  tree length;
+};
+
+typedef struct parm_attr_d *parm_attr;
+
+
+struct GTY(()) language_function {
+  vec<parm_attr, va_gc> *parm_attr_cache;
+  bitmap named_ret_val;
+  vec<tree, va_gc> *other_ret_val;
+  int gnat_ret;
+};
+
+#define f_parm_attr_cache \
+  DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (current_function_decl)->language->parm_attr_cache
+
+#define f_named_ret_val \
+  DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (current_function_decl)->language->named_ret_val
+
+#define f_other_ret_val \
+  DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (current_function_decl)->language->other_ret_val
+
+#define f_gnat_ret \
+  DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (current_function_decl)->language->gnat_ret
+
+/* A structure used to gather together information about a statement group.
+   We use this to gather related statements, for example the "then" part
+   of a IF.  In the case where it represents a lexical scope, we may also
+   have a BLOCK node corresponding to it and/or cleanups.  */
+
+struct GTY((chain_next ("%h.previous"))) stmt_group {
+  struct stmt_group *previous;	/* Previous code group.  */
+  tree stmt_list;		/* List of statements for this code group.  */
+  tree block;			/* BLOCK for this code group, if any.  */
+  tree cleanups;		/* Cleanups for this code group, if any.  */
+};
+
+static GTY(()) struct stmt_group *current_stmt_group;
+
+/* List of unused struct stmt_group nodes.  */
+static GTY((deletable)) struct stmt_group *stmt_group_free_list;
+
+/* A structure used to record information on elaboration procedures
+   we've made and need to process.
+
+   ??? gnat_node should be Node_Id, but gengtype gets confused.  */
+
+struct GTY((chain_next ("%h.next"))) elab_info {
+  struct elab_info *next;	/* Pointer to next in chain.  */
+  tree elab_proc;		/* Elaboration procedure.  */
+  int gnat_node;		/* The N_Compilation_Unit.  */
+};
+
+static GTY(()) struct elab_info *elab_info_list;
+
+/* Stack of exception pointer variables.  Each entry is the VAR_DECL
+   that stores the address of the raised exception.  Nonzero means we
+   are in an exception handler.  Not used in the zero-cost case.  */
+static GTY(()) vec<tree, va_gc> *gnu_except_ptr_stack;
+
+/* In ZCX case, current exception pointer.  Used to re-raise it.  */
+static GTY(()) tree gnu_incoming_exc_ptr;
+
+/* Stack for storing the current elaboration procedure decl.  */
+static GTY(()) vec<tree, va_gc> *gnu_elab_proc_stack;
+
+/* Stack of labels to be used as a goto target instead of a return in
+   some functions.  See processing for N_Subprogram_Body.  */
+static GTY(()) vec<tree, va_gc> *gnu_return_label_stack;
+
+/* Stack of variable for the return value of a function with copy-in/copy-out
+   parameters.  See processing for N_Subprogram_Body.  */
+static GTY(()) vec<tree, va_gc> *gnu_return_var_stack;
+
+/* Structure used to record information for a range check.  */
+struct GTY(()) range_check_info_d {
+  tree low_bound;
+  tree high_bound;
+  tree type;
+  tree invariant_cond;
+};
+
+typedef struct range_check_info_d *range_check_info;
+
+
+/* Structure used to record information for a loop.  */
+struct GTY(()) loop_info_d {
+  tree stmt;
+  tree loop_var;
+  vec<range_check_info, va_gc> *checks;
+};
+
+typedef struct loop_info_d *loop_info;
+
+
+/* Stack of loop_info structures associated with LOOP_STMT nodes.  */
+static GTY(()) vec<loop_info, va_gc> *gnu_loop_stack;
+
+/* The stacks for N_{Push,Pop}_*_Label.  */
+static GTY(()) vec<tree, va_gc> *gnu_constraint_error_label_stack;
+static GTY(()) vec<tree, va_gc> *gnu_storage_error_label_stack;
+static GTY(()) vec<tree, va_gc> *gnu_program_error_label_stack;
+
+/* Map GNAT tree codes to GCC tree codes for simple expressions.  */
+static enum tree_code gnu_codes[Number_Node_Kinds];
+
+static void init_code_table (void);
+static void Compilation_Unit_to_gnu (Node_Id);
+static void record_code_position (Node_Id);
+static void insert_code_for (Node_Id);
+static void add_cleanup (tree, Node_Id);
+static void add_stmt_list (List_Id);
+static void push_exception_label_stack (vec<tree, va_gc> **, Entity_Id);
+static tree build_stmt_group (List_Id, bool);
+static inline bool stmt_group_may_fallthru (void);
+static enum gimplify_status gnat_gimplify_stmt (tree *);
+static void elaborate_all_entities (Node_Id);
+static void process_freeze_entity (Node_Id);
+static void process_decls (List_Id, List_Id, Node_Id, bool, bool);
+static tree emit_range_check (tree, Node_Id, Node_Id);
+static tree emit_index_check (tree, tree, tree, tree, Node_Id);
+static tree emit_check (tree, tree, int, Node_Id);
+static tree build_unary_op_trapv (enum tree_code, tree, tree, Node_Id);
+static tree build_binary_op_trapv (enum tree_code, tree, tree, tree, Node_Id);
+static tree convert_with_check (Entity_Id, tree, bool, bool, bool, Node_Id);
+static bool addressable_p (tree, tree);
+static tree assoc_to_constructor (Entity_Id, Node_Id, tree);
+static tree extract_values (tree, tree);
+static tree pos_to_constructor (Node_Id, tree, Entity_Id);
+static void validate_unchecked_conversion (Node_Id);
+static tree maybe_implicit_deref (tree);
+static void set_expr_location_from_node (tree, Node_Id);
+static void set_expr_location_from_node1 (tree, Node_Id, bool);
+static bool Sloc_to_locus1 (Source_Ptr, location_t *, bool);
+static bool set_end_locus_from_node (tree, Node_Id);
+static void set_gnu_expr_location_from_node (tree, Node_Id);
+static int lvalue_required_p (Node_Id, tree, bool, bool, bool);
+static tree build_raise_check (int, enum exception_info_kind);
+static tree create_init_temporary (const char *, tree, tree *, Node_Id);
+
+/* Hooks for debug info back-ends, only supported and used in a restricted set
+   of configurations.  */
+static const char *extract_encoding (const char *) ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
+static const char *decode_name (const char *) ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
+
+/* This is the main program of the back-end.  It sets up all the table
+   structures and then generates code.  */
+
+void
+gigi (Node_Id gnat_root,
+      int max_gnat_node,
+      int number_name ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+      struct Node *nodes_ptr,
+      struct Flags *flags_ptr,
+      Node_Id *next_node_ptr,
+      Node_Id *prev_node_ptr,
+      struct Elist_Header *elists_ptr,
+      struct Elmt_Item *elmts_ptr,
+      struct String_Entry *strings_ptr,
+      Char_Code *string_chars_ptr,
+      struct List_Header *list_headers_ptr,
+      Nat number_file,
+      struct File_Info_Type *file_info_ptr,
+      Entity_Id standard_boolean,
+      Entity_Id standard_integer,
+      Entity_Id standard_character,
+      Entity_Id standard_long_long_float,
+      Entity_Id standard_exception_type,
+      Int gigi_operating_mode)
+{
+  Node_Id gnat_iter;
+  Entity_Id gnat_literal;
+  tree long_long_float_type, exception_type, t, ftype;
+  tree int64_type = gnat_type_for_size (64, 0);
+  struct elab_info *info;
+  int i;
+
+  max_gnat_nodes = max_gnat_node;
+
+  Nodes_Ptr = nodes_ptr;
+  Flags_Ptr = flags_ptr;
+  Next_Node_Ptr = next_node_ptr;
+  Prev_Node_Ptr = prev_node_ptr;
+  Elists_Ptr = elists_ptr;
+  Elmts_Ptr = elmts_ptr;
+  Strings_Ptr = strings_ptr;
+  String_Chars_Ptr = string_chars_ptr;
+  List_Headers_Ptr = list_headers_ptr;
+
+  type_annotate_only = (gigi_operating_mode == 1);
+
+#if TARGET_ABI_OPEN_VMS
+  vms_float_format = Float_Format;
+#endif
+
+  for (i = 0; i < number_file; i++)
+    {
+      /* Use the identifier table to make a permanent copy of the filename as
+	 the name table gets reallocated after Gigi returns but before all the
+	 debugging information is output.  The __gnat_to_canonical_file_spec
+	 call translates filenames from pragmas Source_Reference that contain
+	 host style syntax not understood by gdb.  */
+      const char *filename
+	= IDENTIFIER_POINTER
+	   (get_identifier
+	    (__gnat_to_canonical_file_spec
+	     (Get_Name_String (file_info_ptr[i].File_Name))));
+
+      /* We rely on the order isomorphism between files and line maps.  */
+      gcc_assert ((int) LINEMAPS_ORDINARY_USED (line_table) == i);
+
+      /* We create the line map for a source file at once, with a fixed number
+	 of columns chosen to avoid jumping over the next power of 2.  */
+      linemap_add (line_table, LC_ENTER, 0, filename, 1);
+      linemap_line_start (line_table, file_info_ptr[i].Num_Source_Lines, 252);
+      linemap_position_for_column (line_table, 252 - 1);
+      linemap_add (line_table, LC_LEAVE, 0, NULL, 0);
+    }
+
+  gcc_assert (Nkind (gnat_root) == N_Compilation_Unit);
+
+  /* Declare the name of the compilation unit as the first global
+     name in order to make the middle-end fully deterministic.  */
+  t = create_concat_name (Defining_Entity (Unit (gnat_root)), NULL);
+  first_global_object_name = ggc_strdup (IDENTIFIER_POINTER (t));
+
+  /* Initialize ourselves.  */
+  init_code_table ();
+  init_gnat_utils ();
+
+  /* If we are just annotating types, give VOID_TYPE zero sizes to avoid
+     errors.  */
+  if (type_annotate_only)
+    {
+      TYPE_SIZE (void_type_node) = bitsize_zero_node;
+      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (void_type_node) = size_zero_node;
+    }
+
+  /* Enable GNAT stack checking method if needed */
+  if (!Stack_Check_Probes_On_Target)
+    set_stack_check_libfunc ("_gnat_stack_check");
+
+  /* Retrieve alignment settings.  */
+  double_float_alignment = get_target_double_float_alignment ();
+  double_scalar_alignment = get_target_double_scalar_alignment ();
+
+  /* Record the builtin types.  Define `integer' and `character' first so that
+     dbx will output them first.  */
+  record_builtin_type ("integer", integer_type_node, false);
+  record_builtin_type ("character", unsigned_char_type_node, false);
+  record_builtin_type ("boolean", boolean_type_node, false);
+  record_builtin_type ("void", void_type_node, false);
+
+  /* Save the type we made for integer as the type for Standard.Integer.  */
+  save_gnu_tree (Base_Type (standard_integer),
+		 TYPE_NAME (integer_type_node),
+		 false);
+
+  /* Likewise for character as the type for Standard.Character.  */
+  save_gnu_tree (Base_Type (standard_character),
+		 TYPE_NAME (unsigned_char_type_node),
+		 false);
+
+  /* Likewise for boolean as the type for Standard.Boolean.  */
+  save_gnu_tree (Base_Type (standard_boolean),
+		 TYPE_NAME (boolean_type_node),
+		 false);
+  gnat_literal = First_Literal (Base_Type (standard_boolean));
+  t = UI_To_gnu (Enumeration_Rep (gnat_literal), boolean_type_node);
+  gcc_assert (t == boolean_false_node);
+  t = create_var_decl (get_entity_name (gnat_literal), NULL_TREE,
+		       boolean_type_node, t, true, false, false, false,
+		       NULL, gnat_literal);
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (t) = 1;
+  save_gnu_tree (gnat_literal, t, false);
+  gnat_literal = Next_Literal (gnat_literal);
+  t = UI_To_gnu (Enumeration_Rep (gnat_literal), boolean_type_node);
+  gcc_assert (t == boolean_true_node);
+  t = create_var_decl (get_entity_name (gnat_literal), NULL_TREE,
+		       boolean_type_node, t, true, false, false, false,
+		       NULL, gnat_literal);
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (t) = 1;
+  save_gnu_tree (gnat_literal, t, false);
+
+  void_ftype = build_function_type_list (void_type_node, NULL_TREE);
+  ptr_void_ftype = build_pointer_type (void_ftype);
+
+  /* Now declare run-time functions.  */
+  ftype = build_function_type_list (ptr_void_type_node, sizetype, NULL_TREE);
+
+  /* malloc is a function declaration tree for a function to allocate
+     memory.  */
+  malloc_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl (get_identifier ("__gnat_malloc"), NULL_TREE,
+			   ftype, NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true,
+			   NULL, Empty);
+  DECL_IS_MALLOC (malloc_decl) = 1;
+
+  /* malloc32 is a function declaration tree for a function to allocate
+     32-bit memory on a 64-bit system.  Needed only on 64-bit VMS.  */
+  malloc32_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl (get_identifier ("__gnat_malloc32"), NULL_TREE,
+			   ftype, NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true,
+			   NULL, Empty);
+  DECL_IS_MALLOC (malloc32_decl) = 1;
+
+  /* free is a function declaration tree for a function to free memory.  */
+  free_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl (get_identifier ("__gnat_free"), NULL_TREE,
+			   build_function_type_list (void_type_node,
+						     ptr_void_type_node,
+						     NULL_TREE),
+			   NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL,
+			   Empty);
+
+  /* This is used for 64-bit multiplication with overflow checking.  */
+  mulv64_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl (get_identifier ("__gnat_mulv64"), NULL_TREE,
+			   build_function_type_list (int64_type, int64_type,
+						     int64_type, NULL_TREE),
+			   NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL,
+			   Empty);
+
+  /* Name of the _Parent field in tagged record types.  */
+  parent_name_id = get_identifier (Get_Name_String (Name_uParent));
+
+  /* Name of the Exception_Data type defined in System.Standard_Library.  */
+  exception_data_name_id
+    = get_identifier ("system__standard_library__exception_data");
+
+  /* Make the types and functions used for exception processing.  */
+  jmpbuf_type
+    = build_array_type (gnat_type_for_mode (Pmode, 0),
+			build_index_type (size_int (5)));
+  record_builtin_type ("JMPBUF_T", jmpbuf_type, true);
+  jmpbuf_ptr_type = build_pointer_type (jmpbuf_type);
+
+  /* Functions to get and set the jumpbuf pointer for the current thread.  */
+  get_jmpbuf_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl
+      (get_identifier ("system__soft_links__get_jmpbuf_address_soft"),
+       NULL_TREE, build_function_type_list (jmpbuf_ptr_type, NULL_TREE),
+       NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL, Empty);
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (get_jmpbuf_decl) = 1;
+
+  set_jmpbuf_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl
+      (get_identifier ("system__soft_links__set_jmpbuf_address_soft"),
+       NULL_TREE, build_function_type_list (void_type_node, jmpbuf_ptr_type,
+					    NULL_TREE),
+       NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL, Empty);
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (set_jmpbuf_decl) = 1;
+
+  /* setjmp returns an integer and has one operand, which is a pointer to
+     a jmpbuf.  */
+  setjmp_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl
+      (get_identifier ("__builtin_setjmp"), NULL_TREE,
+       build_function_type_list (integer_type_node, jmpbuf_ptr_type,
+				 NULL_TREE),
+       NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL, Empty);
+  DECL_BUILT_IN_CLASS (setjmp_decl) = BUILT_IN_NORMAL;
+  DECL_FUNCTION_CODE (setjmp_decl) = BUILT_IN_SETJMP;
+
+  /* update_setjmp_buf updates a setjmp buffer from the current stack pointer
+     address.  */
+  update_setjmp_buf_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl
+      (get_identifier ("__builtin_update_setjmp_buf"), NULL_TREE,
+       build_function_type_list (void_type_node, jmpbuf_ptr_type, NULL_TREE),
+       NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL, Empty);
+  DECL_BUILT_IN_CLASS (update_setjmp_buf_decl) = BUILT_IN_NORMAL;
+  DECL_FUNCTION_CODE (update_setjmp_buf_decl) = BUILT_IN_UPDATE_SETJMP_BUF;
+
+  /* Hooks to call when entering/leaving an exception handler.  */
+  ftype
+    = build_function_type_list (void_type_node, ptr_void_type_node, NULL_TREE);
+
+  begin_handler_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl (get_identifier ("__gnat_begin_handler"), NULL_TREE,
+			   ftype, NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true,
+			   NULL, Empty);
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (begin_handler_decl) = 1;
+
+  end_handler_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl (get_identifier ("__gnat_end_handler"), NULL_TREE,
+			   ftype, NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true,
+			   NULL, Empty);
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (end_handler_decl) = 1;
+
+  unhandled_except_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl (get_identifier ("__gnat_unhandled_except_handler"),
+			   NULL_TREE,
+			   ftype, NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true,
+			   NULL, Empty);
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (unhandled_except_decl) = 1;
+
+  reraise_zcx_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl (get_identifier ("__gnat_reraise_zcx"), NULL_TREE,
+			   ftype, NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true,
+			   NULL, Empty);
+  /* Indicate that these never return.  */
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (reraise_zcx_decl) = 1;
+  TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (reraise_zcx_decl) = 1;
+  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (reraise_zcx_decl) = 1;
+  TREE_TYPE (reraise_zcx_decl)
+    = build_qualified_type (TREE_TYPE (reraise_zcx_decl), TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE);
+
+  /* If in no exception handlers mode, all raise statements are redirected to
+     __gnat_last_chance_handler.  No need to redefine raise_nodefer_decl since
+     this procedure will never be called in this mode.  */
+  if (No_Exception_Handlers_Set ())
+    {
+      tree decl
+	= create_subprog_decl
+	  (get_identifier ("__gnat_last_chance_handler"), NULL_TREE,
+	   build_function_type_list (void_type_node,
+				     build_pointer_type
+				     (unsigned_char_type_node),
+				     integer_type_node, NULL_TREE),
+	   NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL, Empty);
+      TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (decl) = 1;
+      TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (decl) = 1;
+      TREE_TYPE (decl)
+	= build_qualified_type (TREE_TYPE (decl), TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE);
+      for (i = 0; i < (int) ARRAY_SIZE (gnat_raise_decls); i++)
+	gnat_raise_decls[i] = decl;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Otherwise, make one decl for each exception reason.  */
+      for (i = 0; i < (int) ARRAY_SIZE (gnat_raise_decls); i++)
+	gnat_raise_decls[i] = build_raise_check (i, exception_simple);
+      for (i = 0; i < (int) ARRAY_SIZE (gnat_raise_decls_ext); i++)
+	gnat_raise_decls_ext[i]
+	  = build_raise_check (i,
+			       i == CE_Index_Check_Failed
+			       || i == CE_Range_Check_Failed
+			       || i == CE_Invalid_Data
+			       ? exception_range : exception_column);
+    }
+
+  /* Set the types that GCC and Gigi use from the front end.  */
+  exception_type
+    = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Base_Type (standard_exception_type),  NULL_TREE, 0);
+  except_type_node = TREE_TYPE (exception_type);
+
+  /* Make other functions used for exception processing.  */
+  get_excptr_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl
+      (get_identifier ("system__soft_links__get_gnat_exception"), NULL_TREE,
+       build_function_type_list (build_pointer_type (except_type_node),
+				 NULL_TREE),
+     NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL, Empty);
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (get_excptr_decl) = 1;
+
+  set_exception_parameter_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl
+      (get_identifier ("__gnat_set_exception_parameter"), NULL_TREE,
+       build_function_type_list (void_type_node,
+				 ptr_void_type_node,
+				 ptr_void_type_node,
+				 NULL_TREE),
+       NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL, Empty);
+
+  raise_nodefer_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl
+      (get_identifier ("__gnat_raise_nodefer_with_msg"), NULL_TREE,
+       build_function_type_list (void_type_node,
+				 build_pointer_type (except_type_node),
+				 NULL_TREE),
+       NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL, Empty);
+
+  /* Indicate that it never returns.  */
+  TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (raise_nodefer_decl) = 1;
+  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (raise_nodefer_decl) = 1;
+  TREE_TYPE (raise_nodefer_decl)
+    = build_qualified_type (TREE_TYPE (raise_nodefer_decl),
+			    TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE);
+
+  /* Build the special descriptor type and its null node if needed.  */
+  if (TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS)
+    {
+      tree null_node = fold_convert (ptr_void_ftype, null_pointer_node);
+      tree field_list = NULL_TREE;
+      int j;
+      vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *null_vec = NULL;
+      constructor_elt *elt;
+
+      fdesc_type_node = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+      vec_safe_grow (null_vec, TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS);
+      elt = (null_vec->address () + TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS - 1);
+
+      for (j = 0; j < TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS; j++)
+	{
+	  tree field
+	    = create_field_decl (NULL_TREE, ptr_void_ftype, fdesc_type_node,
+				 NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, 0, 1);
+	  DECL_CHAIN (field) = field_list;
+	  field_list = field;
+	  elt->index = field;
+	  elt->value = null_node;
+	  elt--;
+	}
+
+      finish_record_type (fdesc_type_node, nreverse (field_list), 0, false);
+      record_builtin_type ("descriptor", fdesc_type_node, true);
+      null_fdesc_node = gnat_build_constructor (fdesc_type_node, null_vec);
+    }
+
+  long_long_float_type
+    = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Base_Type (standard_long_long_float), NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (long_long_float_type)) == INTEGER_TYPE)
+    {
+      /* In this case, the builtin floating point types are VAX float,
+	 so make up a type for use.  */
+      longest_float_type_node = make_node (REAL_TYPE);
+      TYPE_PRECISION (longest_float_type_node) = LONG_DOUBLE_TYPE_SIZE;
+      layout_type (longest_float_type_node);
+      record_builtin_type ("longest float type", longest_float_type_node,
+			   false);
+    }
+  else
+    longest_float_type_node = TREE_TYPE (long_long_float_type);
+
+  /* Dummy objects to materialize "others" and "all others" in the exception
+     tables.  These are exported by a-exexpr-gcc.adb, so see this unit for
+     the types to use.  */
+  others_decl
+    = create_var_decl (get_identifier ("OTHERS"),
+		       get_identifier ("__gnat_others_value"),
+		       unsigned_char_type_node,
+		       NULL_TREE, true, false, true, false, NULL, Empty);
+
+  all_others_decl
+    = create_var_decl (get_identifier ("ALL_OTHERS"),
+		       get_identifier ("__gnat_all_others_value"),
+		       unsigned_char_type_node,
+		       NULL_TREE, true, false, true, false, NULL, Empty);
+
+  unhandled_others_decl
+    = create_var_decl (get_identifier ("UNHANDLED_OTHERS"),
+		       get_identifier ("__gnat_unhandled_others_value"),
+		       unsigned_char_type_node,
+		       NULL_TREE, true, false, true, false, NULL, Empty);
+
+  main_identifier_node = get_identifier ("main");
+
+  /* Install the builtins we might need, either internally or as
+     user available facilities for Intrinsic imports.  */
+  gnat_install_builtins ();
+
+  vec_safe_push (gnu_except_ptr_stack, NULL_TREE);
+  vec_safe_push (gnu_constraint_error_label_stack, NULL_TREE);
+  vec_safe_push (gnu_storage_error_label_stack, NULL_TREE);
+  vec_safe_push (gnu_program_error_label_stack, NULL_TREE);
+
+  /* Process any Pragma Ident for the main unit.  */
+  if (Present (Ident_String (Main_Unit)))
+    targetm.asm_out.output_ident
+      (TREE_STRING_POINTER (gnat_to_gnu (Ident_String (Main_Unit))));
+
+  /* If we are using the GCC exception mechanism, let GCC know.  */
+  if (Exception_Mechanism == Back_End_Exceptions)
+    gnat_init_gcc_eh ();
+
+  /* Initialize the GCC support for FP operations.  */
+  gnat_init_gcc_fp ();
+
+  /* Now translate the compilation unit proper.  */
+  Compilation_Unit_to_gnu (gnat_root);
+
+  /* Then process the N_Validate_Unchecked_Conversion nodes.  We do this at
+     the very end to avoid having to second-guess the front-end when we run
+     into dummy nodes during the regular processing.  */
+  for (i = 0; gnat_validate_uc_list.iterate (i, &gnat_iter); i++)
+    validate_unchecked_conversion (gnat_iter);
+  gnat_validate_uc_list.release ();
+
+  /* Finally see if we have any elaboration procedures to deal with.  */
+  for (info = elab_info_list; info; info = info->next)
+    {
+      tree gnu_body = DECL_SAVED_TREE (info->elab_proc), gnu_stmts;
+
+      /* We should have a BIND_EXPR but it may not have any statements in it.
+	 If it doesn't have any, we have nothing to do except for setting the
+	 flag on the GNAT node.  Otherwise, process the function as others.  */
+      gnu_stmts = gnu_body;
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_stmts) == BIND_EXPR)
+	gnu_stmts = BIND_EXPR_BODY (gnu_stmts);
+      if (!gnu_stmts || !STATEMENT_LIST_HEAD (gnu_stmts))
+	Set_Has_No_Elaboration_Code (info->gnat_node, 1);
+      else
+	{
+	  begin_subprog_body (info->elab_proc);
+	  end_subprog_body (gnu_body);
+	  rest_of_subprog_body_compilation (info->elab_proc);
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Destroy ourselves.  */
+  destroy_gnat_utils ();
+
+  /* We cannot track the location of errors past this point.  */
+  error_gnat_node = Empty;
+}
+
+/* Return a subprogram decl corresponding to __gnat_rcheck_xx for the given
+   CHECK if KIND is EXCEPTION_SIMPLE, or else to __gnat_rcheck_xx_ext.  */
+
+static tree
+build_raise_check (int check, enum exception_info_kind kind)
+{
+  tree result, ftype;
+  const char pfx[] = "__gnat_rcheck_";
+
+  strcpy (Name_Buffer, pfx);
+  Name_Len = sizeof (pfx) - 1;
+  Get_RT_Exception_Name (check);
+
+  if (kind == exception_simple)
+    {
+      Name_Buffer[Name_Len] = 0;
+      ftype
+	= build_function_type_list (void_type_node,
+				    build_pointer_type
+				    (unsigned_char_type_node),
+				    integer_type_node, NULL_TREE);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      tree t = (kind == exception_column ? NULL_TREE : integer_type_node);
+
+      strcpy (Name_Buffer + Name_Len, "_ext");
+      Name_Buffer[Name_Len + 4] = 0;
+      ftype
+	= build_function_type_list (void_type_node,
+				    build_pointer_type
+				    (unsigned_char_type_node),
+				    integer_type_node, integer_type_node,
+				    t, t, NULL_TREE);
+    }
+
+  result
+    = create_subprog_decl (get_identifier (Name_Buffer),
+			   NULL_TREE, ftype, NULL_TREE,
+			   is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL, Empty);
+
+  /* Indicate that it never returns.  */
+  TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (result) = 1;
+  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (result) = 1;
+  TREE_TYPE (result)
+    = build_qualified_type (TREE_TYPE (result), TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Return a positive value if an lvalue is required for GNAT_NODE, which is
+   an N_Attribute_Reference.  */
+
+static int
+lvalue_required_for_attribute_p (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  switch (Get_Attribute_Id (Attribute_Name (gnat_node)))
+    {
+    case Attr_Pos:
+    case Attr_Val:
+    case Attr_Pred:
+    case Attr_Succ:
+    case Attr_First:
+    case Attr_Last:
+    case Attr_Range_Length:
+    case Attr_Length:
+    case Attr_Object_Size:
+    case Attr_Value_Size:
+    case Attr_Component_Size:
+    case Attr_Max_Size_In_Storage_Elements:
+    case Attr_Min:
+    case Attr_Max:
+    case Attr_Null_Parameter:
+    case Attr_Passed_By_Reference:
+    case Attr_Mechanism_Code:
+      return 0;
+
+    case Attr_Address:
+    case Attr_Access:
+    case Attr_Unchecked_Access:
+    case Attr_Unrestricted_Access:
+    case Attr_Code_Address:
+    case Attr_Pool_Address:
+    case Attr_Size:
+    case Attr_Alignment:
+    case Attr_Bit_Position:
+    case Attr_Position:
+    case Attr_First_Bit:
+    case Attr_Last_Bit:
+    case Attr_Bit:
+    case Attr_Asm_Input:
+    case Attr_Asm_Output:
+    default:
+      return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return a positive value if an lvalue is required for GNAT_NODE.  GNU_TYPE
+   is the type that will be used for GNAT_NODE in the translated GNU tree.
+   CONSTANT indicates whether the underlying object represented by GNAT_NODE
+   is constant in the Ada sense.  If it is, ADDRESS_OF_CONSTANT indicates
+   whether its value is the address of a constant and ALIASED whether it is
+   aliased.  If it isn't, ADDRESS_OF_CONSTANT and ALIASED are ignored.
+
+   The function climbs up the GNAT tree starting from the node and returns 1
+   upon encountering a node that effectively requires an lvalue downstream.
+   It returns int instead of bool to facilitate usage in non-purely binary
+   logic contexts.  */
+
+static int
+lvalue_required_p (Node_Id gnat_node, tree gnu_type, bool constant,
+		   bool address_of_constant, bool aliased)
+{
+  Node_Id gnat_parent = Parent (gnat_node), gnat_temp;
+
+  switch (Nkind (gnat_parent))
+    {
+    case N_Reference:
+      return 1;
+
+    case N_Attribute_Reference:
+      return lvalue_required_for_attribute_p (gnat_parent);
+
+    case N_Parameter_Association:
+    case N_Function_Call:
+    case N_Procedure_Call_Statement:
+      /* If the parameter is by reference, an lvalue is required.  */
+      return (!constant
+	      || must_pass_by_ref (gnu_type)
+	      || default_pass_by_ref (gnu_type));
+
+    case N_Indexed_Component:
+      /* Only the array expression can require an lvalue.  */
+      if (Prefix (gnat_parent) != gnat_node)
+	return 0;
+
+      /* ??? Consider that referencing an indexed component with a
+	 non-constant index forces the whole aggregate to memory.
+	 Note that N_Integer_Literal is conservative, any static
+	 expression in the RM sense could probably be accepted.  */
+      for (gnat_temp = First (Expressions (gnat_parent));
+	   Present (gnat_temp);
+	   gnat_temp = Next (gnat_temp))
+	if (Nkind (gnat_temp) != N_Integer_Literal)
+	  return 1;
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case N_Slice:
+      /* Only the array expression can require an lvalue.  */
+      if (Prefix (gnat_parent) != gnat_node)
+	return 0;
+
+      aliased |= Has_Aliased_Components (Etype (gnat_node));
+      return lvalue_required_p (gnat_parent, gnu_type, constant,
+				address_of_constant, aliased);
+
+    case N_Selected_Component:
+      aliased |= Is_Aliased (Entity (Selector_Name (gnat_parent)));
+      return lvalue_required_p (gnat_parent, gnu_type, constant,
+				address_of_constant, aliased);
+
+    case N_Object_Renaming_Declaration:
+      /* We need to make a real renaming only if the constant object is
+	 aliased or if we may use a renaming pointer; otherwise we can
+	 optimize and return the rvalue.  We make an exception if the object
+	 is an identifier since in this case the rvalue can be propagated
+	 attached to the CONST_DECL.  */
+      return (!constant
+	      || aliased
+	      /* This should match the constant case of the renaming code.  */
+	      || Is_Composite_Type
+		 (Underlying_Type (Etype (Name (gnat_parent))))
+	      || Nkind (Name (gnat_parent)) == N_Identifier);
+
+    case N_Object_Declaration:
+      /* We cannot use a constructor if this is an atomic object because
+	 the actual assignment might end up being done component-wise.  */
+      return (!constant
+	      ||(Is_Composite_Type (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_node)))
+		 && Is_Atomic (Defining_Entity (gnat_parent)))
+	      /* We don't use a constructor if this is a class-wide object
+		 because the effective type of the object is the equivalent
+		 type of the class-wide subtype and it smashes most of the
+		 data into an array of bytes to which we cannot convert.  */
+	      || Ekind ((Etype (Defining_Entity (gnat_parent))))
+		 == E_Class_Wide_Subtype);
+
+    case N_Assignment_Statement:
+      /* We cannot use a constructor if the LHS is an atomic object because
+	 the actual assignment might end up being done component-wise.  */
+      return (!constant
+	      || Name (gnat_parent) == gnat_node
+	      || (Is_Composite_Type (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_node)))
+		  && Is_Atomic (Entity (Name (gnat_parent)))));
+
+    case N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion:
+	if (!constant)
+	  return 1;
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case N_Type_Conversion:
+    case N_Qualified_Expression:
+      /* We must look through all conversions because we may need to bypass
+	 an intermediate conversion that is meant to be purely formal.  */
+     return lvalue_required_p (gnat_parent,
+			       get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_parent)),
+			       constant, address_of_constant, aliased);
+
+    case N_Allocator:
+      /* We should only reach here through the N_Qualified_Expression case.
+	 Force an lvalue for composite types since a block-copy to the newly
+	 allocated area of memory is made.  */
+      return Is_Composite_Type (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_node)));
+
+   case N_Explicit_Dereference:
+      /* We look through dereferences for address of constant because we need
+	 to handle the special cases listed above.  */
+      if (constant && address_of_constant)
+	return lvalue_required_p (gnat_parent,
+				  get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_parent)),
+				  true, false, true);
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    default:
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  gcc_unreachable ();
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to translate gnat_node, an N_Identifier,
+   to a GCC tree, which is returned.  GNU_RESULT_TYPE_P is a pointer
+   to where we should place the result type.  */
+
+static tree
+Identifier_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node, tree *gnu_result_type_p)
+{
+  Node_Id gnat_temp, gnat_temp_type;
+  tree gnu_result, gnu_result_type;
+
+  /* Whether we should require an lvalue for GNAT_NODE.  Needed in
+     specific circumstances only, so evaluated lazily.  < 0 means
+     unknown, > 0 means known true, 0 means known false.  */
+  int require_lvalue = -1;
+
+  /* If GNAT_NODE is a constant, whether we should use the initialization
+     value instead of the constant entity, typically for scalars with an
+     address clause when the parent doesn't require an lvalue.  */
+  bool use_constant_initializer = false;
+
+  /* If the Etype of this node does not equal the Etype of the Entity,
+     something is wrong with the entity map, probably in generic
+     instantiation. However, this does not apply to types. Since we sometime
+     have strange Ekind's, just do this test for objects. Also, if the Etype of
+     the Entity is private, the Etype of the N_Identifier is allowed to be the
+     full type and also we consider a packed array type to be the same as the
+     original type. Similarly, a class-wide type is equivalent to a subtype of
+     itself. Finally, if the types are Itypes, one may be a copy of the other,
+     which is also legal.  */
+  gnat_temp = (Nkind (gnat_node) == N_Defining_Identifier
+	       ? gnat_node : Entity (gnat_node));
+  gnat_temp_type = Etype (gnat_temp);
+
+  gcc_assert (Etype (gnat_node) == gnat_temp_type
+	      || (Is_Packed (gnat_temp_type)
+		  && Etype (gnat_node) == Packed_Array_Type (gnat_temp_type))
+	      || (Is_Class_Wide_Type (Etype (gnat_node)))
+	      || (IN (Ekind (gnat_temp_type), Private_Kind)
+		  && Present (Full_View (gnat_temp_type))
+		  && ((Etype (gnat_node) == Full_View (gnat_temp_type))
+		      || (Is_Packed (Full_View (gnat_temp_type))
+			  && (Etype (gnat_node)
+			      == Packed_Array_Type (Full_View
+						    (gnat_temp_type))))))
+	      || (Is_Itype (Etype (gnat_node)) && Is_Itype (gnat_temp_type))
+	      || !(Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Variable
+		   || Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Component
+		   || Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Constant
+		   || Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Loop_Parameter
+		   || IN (Ekind (gnat_temp), Formal_Kind)));
+
+  /* If this is a reference to a deferred constant whose partial view is an
+     unconstrained private type, the proper type is on the full view of the
+     constant, not on the full view of the type, which may be unconstrained.
+
+     This may be a reference to a type, for example in the prefix of the
+     attribute Position, generated for dispatching code (see Make_DT in
+     exp_disp,adb). In that case we need the type itself, not is parent,
+     in particular if it is a derived type  */
+  if (Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Constant
+      && Is_Private_Type (gnat_temp_type)
+      && (Has_Unknown_Discriminants (gnat_temp_type)
+	  || (Present (Full_View (gnat_temp_type))
+ 	      && Has_Discriminants (Full_View (gnat_temp_type))))
+      && Present (Full_View (gnat_temp)))
+    {
+      gnat_temp = Full_View (gnat_temp);
+      gnat_temp_type = Etype (gnat_temp);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* We want to use the Actual_Subtype if it has already been elaborated,
+	 otherwise the Etype.  Avoid using Actual_Subtype for packed arrays to
+	 simplify things.  */
+      if ((Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Constant
+	   || Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Variable || Is_Formal (gnat_temp))
+	  && !(Is_Array_Type (Etype (gnat_temp))
+	       && Present (Packed_Array_Type (Etype (gnat_temp))))
+	  && Present (Actual_Subtype (gnat_temp))
+	  && present_gnu_tree (Actual_Subtype (gnat_temp)))
+	gnat_temp_type = Actual_Subtype (gnat_temp);
+      else
+	gnat_temp_type = Etype (gnat_node);
+    }
+
+  /* Expand the type of this identifier first, in case it is an enumeral
+     literal, which only get made when the type is expanded.  There is no
+     order-of-elaboration issue here.  */
+  gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (gnat_temp_type);
+
+  /* If this is a non-imported elementary constant with an address clause,
+     retrieve the value instead of a pointer to be dereferenced unless
+     an lvalue is required.  This is generally more efficient and actually
+     required if this is a static expression because it might be used
+     in a context where a dereference is inappropriate, such as a case
+     statement alternative or a record discriminant.  There is no possible
+     volatile-ness short-circuit here since Volatile constants must be
+     imported per C.6.  */
+  if (Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Constant
+      && Is_Elementary_Type (gnat_temp_type)
+      && !Is_Imported (gnat_temp)
+      && Present (Address_Clause (gnat_temp)))
+    {
+      require_lvalue = lvalue_required_p (gnat_node, gnu_result_type, true,
+					  false, Is_Aliased (gnat_temp));
+      use_constant_initializer = !require_lvalue;
+    }
+
+  if (use_constant_initializer)
+    {
+      /* If this is a deferred constant, the initializer is attached to
+	 the full view.  */
+      if (Present (Full_View (gnat_temp)))
+	gnat_temp = Full_View (gnat_temp);
+
+      gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (Declaration_Node (gnat_temp)));
+    }
+  else
+    gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_temp, NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+  /* Some objects (such as parameters passed by reference, globals of
+     variable size, and renamed objects) actually represent the address
+     of the object.  In that case, we must do the dereference.  Likewise,
+     deal with parameters to foreign convention subprograms.  */
+  if (DECL_P (gnu_result)
+      && (DECL_BY_REF_P (gnu_result)
+	  || (TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == PARM_DECL
+	      && DECL_BY_COMPONENT_PTR_P (gnu_result))))
+    {
+      const bool read_only = DECL_POINTS_TO_READONLY_P (gnu_result);
+
+      /* If it's a PARM_DECL to foreign convention subprogram, convert it.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == PARM_DECL
+	  && DECL_BY_COMPONENT_PTR_P (gnu_result))
+	gnu_result
+	  = convert (build_pointer_type (gnu_result_type), gnu_result);
+
+      /* If it's a CONST_DECL, return the underlying constant like below.  */
+      else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == CONST_DECL
+	       && !(DECL_CONST_ADDRESS_P (gnu_result)
+		    && lvalue_required_p (gnat_node, gnu_result_type, true,
+					  true, false)))
+	gnu_result = DECL_INITIAL (gnu_result);
+
+      /* If it's a renaming pointer and we are at the right binding level,
+	 we can reference the renamed object directly, since the renamed
+	 expression has been protected against multiple evaluations.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == VAR_DECL
+          && !DECL_LOOP_PARM_P (gnu_result)
+	  && DECL_RENAMED_OBJECT (gnu_result)
+	  && (!DECL_RENAMING_GLOBAL_P (gnu_result) || global_bindings_p ()))
+	gnu_result = DECL_RENAMED_OBJECT (gnu_result);
+
+      /* Otherwise, do the final dereference.  */
+      else
+	{
+	  gnu_result = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, gnu_result);
+
+	  if ((TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == INDIRECT_REF
+	       || TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF)
+	      && No (Address_Clause (gnat_temp)))
+	    TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (gnu_result) = 1;
+
+	  if (read_only)
+	    TREE_READONLY (gnu_result) = 1;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* If we have a constant declaration and its initializer, try to return the
+     latter to avoid the need to call fold in lots of places and the need for
+     elaboration code if this identifier is used as an initializer itself.
+     Don't do it for aggregate types that contain a placeholder since their
+     initializers cannot be manipulated easily.  */
+  if (TREE_CONSTANT (gnu_result)
+      && DECL_P (gnu_result)
+      && DECL_INITIAL (gnu_result)
+      && !(AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))
+	   && !TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))
+	   && type_contains_placeholder_p (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))))
+    {
+      bool constant_only = (TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == CONST_DECL
+			    && !DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR (gnu_result));
+      bool address_of_constant = (TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == CONST_DECL
+				  && DECL_CONST_ADDRESS_P (gnu_result));
+
+      /* If there is a (corresponding) variable or this is the address of a
+	 constant, we only want to return the initializer if an lvalue isn't
+	 required.  Evaluate this now if we have not already done so.  */
+      if ((!constant_only || address_of_constant) && require_lvalue < 0)
+	require_lvalue
+	  = lvalue_required_p (gnat_node, gnu_result_type, true,
+			       address_of_constant, Is_Aliased (gnat_temp));
+
+      /* Finally retrieve the initializer if this is deemed valid.  */
+      if ((constant_only && !address_of_constant) || !require_lvalue)
+	gnu_result = DECL_INITIAL (gnu_result);
+    }
+
+  /* The GNAT tree has the type of a function set to its result type, so we
+     adjust here.  Also use the type of the result if the Etype is a subtype
+     that is nominally unconstrained.  Likewise if this is a deferred constant
+     of a discriminated type whose full view can be elaborated statically, to
+     avoid problematic conversions to the nominal subtype.  But remove any
+     padding from the resulting type.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result)) == FUNCTION_TYPE
+      || Is_Constr_Subt_For_UN_Aliased (gnat_temp_type)
+      || (Ekind (gnat_temp) == E_Constant
+	  && Present (Full_View (gnat_temp))
+	  && Has_Discriminants (gnat_temp_type)
+	  && TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == CONSTRUCTOR))
+    {
+      gnu_result_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_result);
+      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_result_type))
+	gnu_result_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_result_type));
+    }
+
+  *gnu_result_type_p = gnu_result_type;
+
+  return gnu_result;
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to process gnat_node, an N_Pragma.  Return
+   any statements we generate.  */
+
+static tree
+Pragma_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+  unsigned char pragma_id;
+  Node_Id gnat_temp;
+
+  /* Do nothing if we are just annotating types and check for (and ignore)
+     unrecognized pragmas.  */
+  if (type_annotate_only
+      || !Is_Pragma_Name (Chars (Pragma_Identifier (gnat_node))))
+    return gnu_result;
+
+  pragma_id = Get_Pragma_Id (Chars (Pragma_Identifier (gnat_node)));
+  switch (pragma_id)
+    {
+    case Pragma_Inspection_Point:
+      /* Do nothing at top level: all such variables are already viewable.  */
+      if (global_bindings_p ())
+	break;
+
+      for (gnat_temp = First (Pragma_Argument_Associations (gnat_node));
+	   Present (gnat_temp);
+	   gnat_temp = Next (gnat_temp))
+	{
+	  Node_Id gnat_expr = Expression (gnat_temp);
+	  tree gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_expr);
+	  int use_address;
+	  enum machine_mode mode;
+	  tree asm_constraint = NULL_TREE;
+#ifdef ASM_COMMENT_START
+	  char *comment;
+#endif
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF)
+	    gnu_expr = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0);
+
+	  /* Use the value only if it fits into a normal register,
+	     otherwise use the address.  */
+	  mode = TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr));
+	  use_address = ((GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) != MODE_INT
+			  && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) != MODE_PARTIAL_INT)
+			 || GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) > UNITS_PER_WORD);
+
+	  if (use_address)
+	    gnu_expr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_expr);
+
+#ifdef ASM_COMMENT_START
+	  comment = concat (ASM_COMMENT_START,
+			    " inspection point: ",
+			    Get_Name_String (Chars (gnat_expr)),
+			    use_address ? " address" : "",
+			    " is in %0",
+			    NULL);
+	  asm_constraint = build_string (strlen (comment), comment);
+	  free (comment);
+#endif
+	  gnu_expr = build5 (ASM_EXPR, void_type_node,
+			     asm_constraint,
+			     NULL_TREE,
+			     tree_cons
+			     (build_tree_list (NULL_TREE,
+					       build_string (1, "g")),
+			      gnu_expr, NULL_TREE),
+			     NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
+	  ASM_VOLATILE_P (gnu_expr) = 1;
+	  set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_expr, gnat_node);
+	  append_to_statement_list (gnu_expr, &gnu_result);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case Pragma_Loop_Optimize:
+      for (gnat_temp = First (Pragma_Argument_Associations (gnat_node));
+	   Present (gnat_temp);
+	   gnat_temp = Next (gnat_temp))
+	{
+	  tree gnu_loop_stmt = gnu_loop_stack ->last ()->stmt;
+
+	  switch (Chars (Expression (gnat_temp)))
+	    {
+	    case Name_No_Unroll:
+	      LOOP_STMT_NO_UNROLL (gnu_loop_stmt) = 1;
+	      break;
+
+	    case Name_Unroll:
+	      LOOP_STMT_UNROLL (gnu_loop_stmt) = 1;
+	      break;
+
+	    case Name_No_Vector:
+	      LOOP_STMT_NO_VECTOR (gnu_loop_stmt) = 1;
+	      break;
+
+	    case Name_Vector:
+	      LOOP_STMT_VECTOR (gnu_loop_stmt) = 1;
+	      break;
+
+	    default:
+	      gcc_unreachable ();
+	    }
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case Pragma_Optimize:
+      switch (Chars (Expression
+		     (First (Pragma_Argument_Associations (gnat_node)))))
+	{
+	case Name_Off:
+	  if (optimize)
+	    post_error ("must specify -O0?", gnat_node);
+	  break;
+
+	case Name_Space:
+	  if (!optimize_size)
+	    post_error ("must specify -Os?", gnat_node);
+	  break;
+
+	case Name_Time:
+	  if (!optimize)
+	    post_error ("insufficient -O value?", gnat_node);
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  gcc_unreachable ();
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case Pragma_Reviewable:
+      if (write_symbols == NO_DEBUG)
+	post_error ("must specify -g?", gnat_node);
+      break;
+
+    case Pragma_Warning_As_Error:
+    case Pragma_Warnings:
+      {
+	Node_Id gnat_expr;
+	/* Preserve the location of the pragma.  */
+	const location_t location = input_location;
+	struct cl_option_handlers handlers;
+	unsigned int option_index;
+	diagnostic_t kind;
+	bool imply;
+
+	gnat_temp = First (Pragma_Argument_Associations (gnat_node));
+
+	/* This is the String form: pragma Warning{s|_As_Error}(String).  */
+	if (Nkind (Expression (gnat_temp)) == N_String_Literal)
+	  {
+	    switch (pragma_id)
+	      {
+	      case Pragma_Warning_As_Error:
+		kind = DK_ERROR;
+		imply = false;
+		break;
+
+	      case Pragma_Warnings:
+		kind = DK_WARNING;
+		imply = true;
+		break;
+
+	      default:
+		gcc_unreachable ();
+	      }
+
+	    gnat_expr = Expression (gnat_temp);
+	  }
+
+	/* This is the On/Off form: pragma Warnings (On | Off [,String]).  */
+	else if (Nkind (Expression (gnat_temp)) == N_Identifier)
+	  {
+	    switch (Chars (Expression (gnat_temp)))
+	      {
+		case Name_Off:
+		  kind = DK_IGNORED;
+		  break;
+
+		case Name_On:
+		  kind = DK_WARNING;
+		  break;
+
+		default:
+		  gcc_unreachable ();
+	      }
+
+	    if (Present (Next (gnat_temp)))
+	      {
+		/* pragma Warnings (On | Off, Name) is handled differently.  */
+		if (Nkind (Expression (Next (gnat_temp))) != N_String_Literal)
+		  break;
+
+	        gnat_expr = Expression (Next (gnat_temp));
+	      }
+	    else
+	      gnat_expr = Empty;
+
+	    imply = false;
+	  }
+
+	else
+	  gcc_unreachable ();
+
+	/* This is the same implementation as in the C family of compilers.  */
+	if (Present (gnat_expr))
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_expr);
+	    const char *opt_string = TREE_STRING_POINTER (gnu_expr);
+	    const int len = TREE_STRING_LENGTH (gnu_expr);
+	    if (len < 3 || opt_string[0] != '-' || opt_string[1] != 'W')
+	      break;
+	    for (option_index = 0;
+		 option_index < cl_options_count;
+		 option_index++)
+	      if (strcmp (cl_options[option_index].opt_text, opt_string) == 0)
+		break;
+	    if (option_index == cl_options_count)
+	      {
+		post_error ("unknown -W switch", gnat_node);
+		break;
+	      }
+	  }
+	else
+	  option_index = 0;
+
+	set_default_handlers (&handlers);
+	control_warning_option (option_index, (int) kind, imply, location,
+				CL_Ada, &handlers, &global_options,
+				&global_options_set, global_dc);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  return gnu_result;
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to translate GNAT_NODE, an N_Attribute node,
+   to a GCC tree, which is returned.  GNU_RESULT_TYPE_P is a pointer to
+   where we should place the result type.  ATTRIBUTE is the attribute ID.  */
+
+static tree
+Attribute_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node, tree *gnu_result_type_p, int attribute)
+{
+  const Node_Id gnat_prefix = Prefix (gnat_node);
+  tree gnu_prefix, gnu_type, gnu_expr;
+  tree gnu_result_type, gnu_result = error_mark_node;
+  bool prefix_unused = false;
+
+  /* ??? If this is an access attribute for a public subprogram to be used in
+     a dispatch table, do not translate its type as it's useless there and the
+     parameter types might be incomplete types coming from a limited with.  */
+  if (Ekind (Etype (gnat_node)) == E_Access_Subprogram_Type
+      && Is_Dispatch_Table_Entity (Etype (gnat_node))
+      && Nkind (gnat_prefix) == N_Identifier
+      && Is_Subprogram (Entity (gnat_prefix))
+      && Is_Public (Entity (gnat_prefix))
+      && !present_gnu_tree (Entity (gnat_prefix)))
+    gnu_prefix = get_minimal_subprog_decl (Entity (gnat_prefix));
+  else
+    gnu_prefix = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_prefix);
+  gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_prefix);
+
+  /* If the input is a NULL_EXPR, make a new one.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) == NULL_EXPR)
+    {
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      *gnu_result_type_p = gnu_result_type;
+      return build1 (NULL_EXPR, gnu_result_type, TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 0));
+    }
+
+  switch (attribute)
+    {
+    case Attr_Pos:
+    case Attr_Val:
+      /* These are just conversions since representation clauses for
+	 enumeration types are handled in the front-end.  */
+      {
+	bool checkp = Do_Range_Check (First (Expressions (gnat_node)));
+	gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (First (Expressions (gnat_node)));
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+	gnu_result = convert_with_check (Etype (gnat_node), gnu_result,
+					 checkp, checkp, true, gnat_node);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case Attr_Pred:
+    case Attr_Succ:
+      /* These just add or subtract the constant 1 since representation
+	 clauses for enumeration types are handled in the front-end.  */
+      gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (First (Expressions (gnat_node)));
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+      if (Do_Range_Check (First (Expressions (gnat_node))))
+	{
+	  gnu_expr = gnat_protect_expr (gnu_expr);
+	  gnu_expr
+	    = emit_check
+	      (build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				gnu_expr,
+				attribute == Attr_Pred
+				? TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_result_type)
+				: TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_result_type)),
+	       gnu_expr, CE_Range_Check_Failed, gnat_node);
+	}
+
+      gnu_result
+	= build_binary_op (attribute == Attr_Pred ? MINUS_EXPR : PLUS_EXPR,
+			   gnu_result_type, gnu_expr,
+			   convert (gnu_result_type, integer_one_node));
+      break;
+
+    case Attr_Address:
+    case Attr_Unrestricted_Access:
+      /* Conversions don't change addresses but can cause us to miss the
+	 COMPONENT_REF case below, so strip them off.  */
+      gnu_prefix = remove_conversions (gnu_prefix,
+				       !Must_Be_Byte_Aligned (gnat_node));
+
+      /* If we are taking 'Address of an unconstrained object, this is the
+	 pointer to the underlying array.  */
+      if (attribute == Attr_Address)
+	gnu_prefix = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnu_prefix);
+
+      /* If we are building a static dispatch table, we have to honor
+	 TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS if we want to be compatible
+	 with the C++ ABI.  We do it in the non-static case as well,
+	 see gnat_to_gnu_entity, case E_Access_Subprogram_Type.  */
+      else if (TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS
+	       && Is_Dispatch_Table_Entity (Etype (gnat_node)))
+	{
+	  tree gnu_field, t;
+	  /* Descriptors can only be built here for top-level functions.  */
+	  bool build_descriptor = (global_bindings_p () != 0);
+	  int i;
+	  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *gnu_vec = NULL;
+	  constructor_elt *elt;
+
+	  gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+	  /* If we're not going to build the descriptor, we have to retrieve
+	     the one which will be built by the linker (or by the compiler
+	     later if a static chain is requested).  */
+	  if (!build_descriptor)
+	    {
+	      gnu_result = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_prefix);
+	      gnu_result = fold_convert (build_pointer_type (gnu_result_type),
+					 gnu_result);
+	      gnu_result = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, gnu_result_type, gnu_result);
+	    }
+
+	  vec_safe_grow (gnu_vec, TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS);
+	  elt = (gnu_vec->address () + TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS - 1);
+	  for (gnu_field = TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_result_type), i = 0;
+	       i < TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS;
+	       gnu_field = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_field), i++)
+	    {
+	      if (build_descriptor)
+		{
+		  t = build2 (FDESC_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (gnu_field), gnu_prefix,
+			      build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, i));
+		  TREE_CONSTANT (t) = 1;
+		}
+	      else
+		t = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, ptr_void_ftype, gnu_result,
+			    gnu_field, NULL_TREE);
+
+	      elt->index = gnu_field;
+	      elt->value = t;
+	      elt--;
+	    }
+
+	  gnu_result = gnat_build_constructor (gnu_result_type, gnu_vec);
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case Attr_Access:
+    case Attr_Unchecked_Access:
+    case Attr_Code_Address:
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result
+	= build_unary_op (((attribute == Attr_Address
+			    || attribute == Attr_Unrestricted_Access)
+			   && !Must_Be_Byte_Aligned (gnat_node))
+			  ? ATTR_ADDR_EXPR : ADDR_EXPR,
+			  gnu_result_type, gnu_prefix);
+
+      /* For 'Code_Address, find an inner ADDR_EXPR and mark it so that we
+	 don't try to build a trampoline.  */
+      if (attribute == Attr_Code_Address)
+	{
+	  gnu_expr = remove_conversions (gnu_result, false);
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == ADDR_EXPR)
+	    TREE_NO_TRAMPOLINE (gnu_expr) = TREE_CONSTANT (gnu_expr) = 1;
+	}
+
+      /* For 'Access, issue an error message if the prefix is a C++ method
+	 since it can use a special calling convention on some platforms,
+	 which cannot be propagated to the access type.  */
+      else if (attribute == Attr_Access
+	       && Nkind (gnat_prefix) == N_Identifier
+	       && is_cplusplus_method (Entity (gnat_prefix)))
+	post_error ("access to C++ constructor or member function not allowed",
+		    gnat_node);
+
+      /* For other address attributes applied to a nested function,
+	 find an inner ADDR_EXPR and annotate it so that we can issue
+	 a useful warning with -Wtrampolines.  */
+      else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_prefix)) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
+	{
+	  gnu_expr = remove_conversions (gnu_result, false);
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == ADDR_EXPR
+	      && decl_function_context (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0)))
+	    {
+	      set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_expr, gnat_node);
+
+	      /* Check that we're not violating the No_Implicit_Dynamic_Code
+		 restriction.  Be conservative if we don't know anything
+		 about the trampoline strategy for the target.  */
+	      Check_Implicit_Dynamic_Code_Allowed (gnat_node);
+	    }
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case Attr_Pool_Address:
+      {
+	tree gnu_ptr = gnu_prefix;
+	tree gnu_obj_type;
+
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+	/* If this is fat pointer, the object must have been allocated with the
+	   template in front of the array.  So compute the template address; do
+	   it by converting to a thin pointer.  */
+	if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr)))
+	  gnu_ptr
+	    = convert (build_pointer_type
+		       (TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE
+			(TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr)))),
+		       gnu_ptr);
+
+	gnu_obj_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr));
+
+	/* If this is a thin pointer, the object must have been allocated with
+	   the template in front of the array.  So compute the template address
+	   and return it.  */
+	if (TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr)))
+	  gnu_ptr
+	    = build_binary_op (POINTER_PLUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr),
+			       gnu_ptr,
+			       fold_build1 (NEGATE_EXPR, sizetype,
+					    byte_position
+					    (DECL_CHAIN
+					     TYPE_FIELDS ((gnu_obj_type)))));
+
+	gnu_result = convert (gnu_result_type, gnu_ptr);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case Attr_Size:
+    case Attr_Object_Size:
+    case Attr_Value_Size:
+    case Attr_Max_Size_In_Storage_Elements:
+      gnu_expr = gnu_prefix;
+
+      /* Remove NOPs and conversions between original and packable version
+	 from GNU_EXPR, and conversions from GNU_PREFIX.  We use GNU_EXPR
+	 to see if a COMPONENT_REF was involved.  */
+      while (TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == NOP_EXPR
+	     || (TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR
+		 && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr)) == RECORD_TYPE
+		 && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0)))
+		    == RECORD_TYPE
+		 && TYPE_NAME (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr))
+		    == TYPE_NAME (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0)))))
+	gnu_expr = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0);
+
+      gnu_prefix = remove_conversions (gnu_prefix, true);
+      prefix_unused = true;
+      gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_prefix);
+
+      /* Replace an unconstrained array type with the type of the underlying
+	 array.  We can't do this with a call to maybe_unconstrained_array
+	 since we may have a TYPE_DECL.  For 'Max_Size_In_Storage_Elements,
+	 use the record type that will be used to allocate the object and its
+	 template.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+	{
+	  gnu_type = TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE (gnu_type);
+	  if (attribute != Attr_Max_Size_In_Storage_Elements)
+	    gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)));
+	}
+
+      /* If we're looking for the size of a field, return the field size.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) == COMPONENT_REF)
+	gnu_result = DECL_SIZE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 1));
+
+      /* Otherwise, if the prefix is an object, or if we are looking for
+	 'Object_Size or 'Max_Size_In_Storage_Elements, the result is the
+	 GCC size of the type.  We make an exception for padded objects,
+	 as we do not take into account alignment promotions for the size.
+	 This is in keeping with the object case of gnat_to_gnu_entity.  */
+      else if ((TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) != TYPE_DECL
+		&& !(TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_type)
+		     && TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == COMPONENT_REF))
+	       || attribute == Attr_Object_Size
+	       || attribute == Attr_Max_Size_In_Storage_Elements)
+	{
+	  /* If this is a dereference and we have a special dynamic constrained
+	     subtype on the prefix, use it to compute the size; otherwise, use
+	     the designated subtype.  */
+	  if (Nkind (gnat_prefix) == N_Explicit_Dereference)
+	    {
+	      Node_Id gnat_actual_subtype
+		= Actual_Designated_Subtype (gnat_prefix);
+	      tree gnu_ptr_type
+		= TREE_TYPE (gnat_to_gnu (Prefix (gnat_prefix)));
+
+	      if (TYPE_IS_FAT_OR_THIN_POINTER_P (gnu_ptr_type)
+		  && Present (gnat_actual_subtype))
+		{
+		  tree gnu_actual_obj_type
+		    = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_actual_subtype);
+		  gnu_type
+		    = build_unc_object_type_from_ptr (gnu_ptr_type,
+						      gnu_actual_obj_type,
+						      get_identifier ("SIZE"),
+						      false);
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  gnu_result = TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type);
+	}
+
+      /* Otherwise, the result is the RM size of the type.  */
+      else
+	gnu_result = rm_size (gnu_type);
+
+      /* Deal with a self-referential size by returning the maximum size for
+	 a type and by qualifying the size with the object otherwise.  */
+      if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (gnu_result))
+	{
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) == TYPE_DECL)
+	    gnu_result = max_size (gnu_result, true);
+	  else
+	    gnu_result = substitute_placeholder_in_expr (gnu_result, gnu_expr);
+	}
+
+      /* If the type contains a template, subtract its size.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (gnu_type))
+	gnu_result = size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, gnu_result,
+				 DECL_SIZE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)));
+
+      /* For 'Max_Size_In_Storage_Elements, adjust the unit.  */
+      if (attribute == Attr_Max_Size_In_Storage_Elements)
+	gnu_result = size_binop (CEIL_DIV_EXPR, gnu_result, bitsize_unit_node);
+
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case Attr_Alignment:
+      {
+	unsigned int align;
+
+	if (TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) == COMPONENT_REF
+	    && TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 0))))
+	  gnu_prefix = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 0);
+
+	gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_prefix);
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+	prefix_unused = true;
+
+	if (TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) == COMPONENT_REF)
+	  align = DECL_ALIGN (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 1)) / BITS_PER_UNIT;
+	else
+	  {
+	    Entity_Id gnat_type = Etype (gnat_prefix);
+	    unsigned int double_align;
+	    bool is_capped_double, align_clause;
+
+	    /* If the default alignment of "double" or larger scalar types is
+	       specifically capped and there is an alignment clause neither
+	       on the type nor on the prefix itself, return the cap.  */
+	    if ((double_align = double_float_alignment) > 0)
+	      is_capped_double
+		= is_double_float_or_array (gnat_type, &align_clause);
+	    else if ((double_align = double_scalar_alignment) > 0)
+	      is_capped_double
+		= is_double_scalar_or_array (gnat_type, &align_clause);
+	    else
+	      is_capped_double = align_clause = false;
+
+	    if (is_capped_double
+		&& Nkind (gnat_prefix) == N_Identifier
+		&& Present (Alignment_Clause (Entity (gnat_prefix))))
+	      align_clause = true;
+
+	    if (is_capped_double && !align_clause)
+	      align = double_align;
+	    else
+	      align = TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type) / BITS_PER_UNIT;
+	  }
+
+	gnu_result = size_int (align);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case Attr_First:
+    case Attr_Last:
+    case Attr_Range_Length:
+      prefix_unused = true;
+
+      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_type) || TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == REAL_TYPE)
+	{
+	  gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+	  if (attribute == Attr_First)
+	    gnu_result = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_type);
+	  else if (attribute == Attr_Last)
+	    gnu_result = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_type);
+	  else
+	    gnu_result
+	      = build_binary_op
+		(MAX_EXPR, get_base_type (gnu_result_type),
+		 build_binary_op
+		 (PLUS_EXPR, get_base_type (gnu_result_type),
+		  build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR,
+				   get_base_type (gnu_result_type),
+				   convert (gnu_result_type,
+					    TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_type)),
+				   convert (gnu_result_type,
+					    TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_type))),
+		  convert (gnu_result_type, integer_one_node)),
+		 convert (gnu_result_type, integer_zero_node));
+
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case Attr_Length:
+      {
+	int Dimension = (Present (Expressions (gnat_node))
+			 ? UI_To_Int (Intval (First (Expressions (gnat_node))))
+			 : 1), i;
+	struct parm_attr_d *pa = NULL;
+	Entity_Id gnat_param = Empty;
+	bool unconstrained_ptr_deref = false;
+
+	/* Make sure any implicit dereference gets done.  */
+	gnu_prefix = maybe_implicit_deref (gnu_prefix);
+	gnu_prefix = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnu_prefix);
+
+	/* We treat unconstrained array In parameters specially.  We also note
+	   whether we are dereferencing a pointer to unconstrained array.  */
+	if (!Is_Constrained (Etype (gnat_prefix)))
+	  switch (Nkind (gnat_prefix))
+	    {
+	    case N_Identifier:
+	      /* This is the direct case.  */
+	      if (Ekind (Entity (gnat_prefix)) == E_In_Parameter)
+		gnat_param = Entity (gnat_prefix);
+	      break;
+
+	    case N_Explicit_Dereference:
+	      /* This is the indirect case.  Note that we need to be sure that
+		 the access value cannot be null as we'll hoist the load.  */
+	      if (Nkind (Prefix (gnat_prefix)) == N_Identifier
+		  && Ekind (Entity (Prefix (gnat_prefix))) == E_In_Parameter)
+		{
+		  if (Can_Never_Be_Null (Entity (Prefix (gnat_prefix))))
+		    gnat_param = Entity (Prefix (gnat_prefix));
+		}
+	      else
+		unconstrained_ptr_deref = true;
+	      break;
+
+	    default:
+	      break;
+	  }
+
+	/* If the prefix is the view conversion of a constrained array to an
+	   unconstrained form, we retrieve the constrained array because we
+	   might not be able to substitute the PLACEHOLDER_EXPR coming from
+	   the conversion.  This can occur with the 'Old attribute applied
+	   to a parameter with an unconstrained type, which gets rewritten
+	   into a constrained local variable very late in the game.  */
+	if (TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR
+	    && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_prefix)))
+	    && !CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P
+	        (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 0)))))
+	  gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 0));
+	else
+	  gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_prefix);
+
+	prefix_unused = true;
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+	if (TYPE_CONVENTION_FORTRAN_P (gnu_type))
+	  {
+	    int ndim;
+	    tree gnu_type_temp;
+
+	    for (ndim = 1, gnu_type_temp = gnu_type;
+		 TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type_temp)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+		 && TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type_temp));
+		 ndim++, gnu_type_temp = TREE_TYPE (gnu_type_temp))
+	      ;
+
+	    Dimension = ndim + 1 - Dimension;
+	  }
+
+	for (i = 1; i < Dimension; i++)
+	  gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_type);
+
+	gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == ARRAY_TYPE);
+
+	/* When not optimizing, look up the slot associated with the parameter
+	   and the dimension in the cache and create a new one on failure.  */
+	if (!optimize && Present (gnat_param))
+	  {
+	    FOR_EACH_VEC_SAFE_ELT (f_parm_attr_cache, i, pa)
+	      if (pa->id == gnat_param && pa->dim == Dimension)
+		break;
+
+	    if (!pa)
+	      {
+		pa = ggc_alloc_cleared_parm_attr_d ();
+		pa->id = gnat_param;
+		pa->dim = Dimension;
+		vec_safe_push (f_parm_attr_cache, pa);
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	/* Return the cached expression or build a new one.  */
+	if (attribute == Attr_First)
+	  {
+	    if (pa && pa->first)
+	      {
+		gnu_result = pa->first;
+		break;
+	      }
+
+	    gnu_result
+	      = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (gnu_type)));
+	  }
+
+	else if (attribute == Attr_Last)
+	  {
+	    if (pa && pa->last)
+	      {
+		gnu_result = pa->last;
+		break;
+	      }
+
+	    gnu_result
+	      = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (gnu_type)));
+	  }
+
+	else /* attribute == Attr_Range_Length || attribute == Attr_Length  */
+	  {
+	    if (pa && pa->length)
+	      {
+		gnu_result = pa->length;
+		break;
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		/* We used to compute the length as max (hb - lb + 1, 0),
+		   which could overflow for some cases of empty arrays, e.g.
+		   when lb == index_type'first.  We now compute the length as
+		   (hb >= lb) ? hb - lb + 1 : 0, which would only overflow in
+		   much rarer cases, for extremely large arrays we expect
+		   never to encounter in practice.  In addition, the former
+		   computation required the use of potentially constraining
+		   signed arithmetic while the latter doesn't.  Note that
+		   the comparison must be done in the original index type,
+		   to avoid any overflow during the conversion.  */
+		tree comp_type = get_base_type (gnu_result_type);
+		tree index_type = TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (gnu_type));
+		tree lb = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (index_type);
+		tree hb = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (index_type);
+		gnu_result
+		  = build_binary_op (PLUS_EXPR, comp_type,
+				     build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR,
+						      comp_type,
+						      convert (comp_type, hb),
+						      convert (comp_type, lb)),
+				     convert (comp_type, integer_one_node));
+		gnu_result
+		  = build_cond_expr (comp_type,
+				     build_binary_op (GE_EXPR,
+						      boolean_type_node,
+						      hb, lb),
+				     gnu_result,
+				     convert (comp_type, integer_zero_node));
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	/* If this has a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, qualify it by the object we are
+	   handling.  Note that these attributes could not have been used on
+	   an unconstrained array type.  */
+	gnu_result = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (gnu_result, gnu_prefix);
+
+	/* Cache the expression we have just computed.  Since we want to do it
+	   at run time, we force the use of a SAVE_EXPR and let the gimplifier
+	   create the temporary in the outermost binding level.  We will make
+	   sure in Subprogram_Body_to_gnu that it is evaluated on all possible
+	   paths by forcing its evaluation on entry of the function.  */
+	if (pa)
+	  {
+	    gnu_result
+	      = build1 (SAVE_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (gnu_result), gnu_result);
+	    switch (attribute)
+	      {
+	      case Attr_First:
+		pa->first = gnu_result;
+		break;
+
+	      case Attr_Last:
+		pa->last = gnu_result;
+		break;
+
+	      case Attr_Length:
+	      case Attr_Range_Length:
+		pa->length = gnu_result;
+		break;
+
+	      default:
+		gcc_unreachable ();
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	/* Otherwise, evaluate it each time it is referenced.  */
+	else
+	  switch (attribute)
+	    {
+	    case Attr_First:
+	    case Attr_Last:
+	      /* If we are dereferencing a pointer to unconstrained array, we
+		 need to capture the value because the pointed-to bounds may
+		 subsequently be released.  */
+	      if (unconstrained_ptr_deref)
+		gnu_result
+		  = build1 (SAVE_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (gnu_result), gnu_result);
+	      break;
+
+	    case Attr_Length:
+	    case Attr_Range_Length:
+	      /* Set the source location onto the predicate of the condition
+		 but not if the expression is cached to avoid messing up the
+		 debug info.  */
+	      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == COND_EXPR
+		  && EXPR_P (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_result, 0)))
+		set_expr_location_from_node (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_result, 0),
+					     gnat_node);
+	      break;
+
+	    default:
+	      gcc_unreachable ();
+	    }
+
+	break;
+      }
+
+    case Attr_Bit_Position:
+    case Attr_Position:
+    case Attr_First_Bit:
+    case Attr_Last_Bit:
+    case Attr_Bit:
+      {
+	HOST_WIDE_INT bitsize;
+	HOST_WIDE_INT bitpos;
+	tree gnu_offset;
+	tree gnu_field_bitpos;
+	tree gnu_field_offset;
+	tree gnu_inner;
+	enum machine_mode mode;
+	int unsignedp, volatilep;
+
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+	gnu_prefix = remove_conversions (gnu_prefix, true);
+	prefix_unused = true;
+
+	/* We can have 'Bit on any object, but if it isn't a COMPONENT_REF,
+	   the result is 0.  Don't allow 'Bit on a bare component, though.  */
+	if (attribute == Attr_Bit
+	    && TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) != COMPONENT_REF
+	    && TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) != FIELD_DECL)
+	  {
+	    gnu_result = integer_zero_node;
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	else
+	  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) == COMPONENT_REF
+		      || (attribute == Attr_Bit_Position
+			  && TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) == FIELD_DECL));
+
+	get_inner_reference (gnu_prefix, &bitsize, &bitpos, &gnu_offset,
+			     &mode, &unsignedp, &volatilep, false);
+
+	if (TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) == COMPONENT_REF)
+	  {
+	    gnu_field_bitpos = bit_position (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 1));
+	    gnu_field_offset = byte_position (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 1));
+
+	    for (gnu_inner = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 0);
+		 TREE_CODE (gnu_inner) == COMPONENT_REF
+		 && DECL_INTERNAL_P (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_inner, 1));
+		 gnu_inner = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_inner, 0))
+	      {
+		gnu_field_bitpos
+		  = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_field_bitpos,
+				bit_position (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_inner, 1)));
+		gnu_field_offset
+		  = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_field_offset,
+				byte_position (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_inner, 1)));
+	      }
+	  }
+	else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) == FIELD_DECL)
+	  {
+	    gnu_field_bitpos = bit_position (gnu_prefix);
+	    gnu_field_offset = byte_position (gnu_prefix);
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    gnu_field_bitpos = bitsize_zero_node;
+	    gnu_field_offset = size_zero_node;
+	  }
+
+	switch (attribute)
+	  {
+	  case Attr_Position:
+	    gnu_result = gnu_field_offset;
+	    break;
+
+	  case Attr_First_Bit:
+	  case Attr_Bit:
+	    gnu_result = size_int (bitpos % BITS_PER_UNIT);
+	    break;
+
+	  case Attr_Last_Bit:
+	    gnu_result = bitsize_int (bitpos % BITS_PER_UNIT);
+	    gnu_result = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_result,
+				     TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_prefix)));
+	    /* ??? Avoid a large unsigned result that will overflow when
+	       converted to the signed universal_integer.  */
+	    if (integer_zerop (gnu_result))
+	      gnu_result = integer_minus_one_node;
+	    else
+	      gnu_result
+		= size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, gnu_result, bitsize_one_node);
+	    break;
+
+	  case Attr_Bit_Position:
+	    gnu_result = gnu_field_bitpos;
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* If this has a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, qualify it by the object we are
+	   handling.  */
+	gnu_result = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (gnu_result, gnu_prefix);
+	break;
+      }
+
+    case Attr_Min:
+    case Attr_Max:
+      {
+	tree gnu_lhs = gnat_to_gnu (First (Expressions (gnat_node)));
+	tree gnu_rhs = gnat_to_gnu (Next (First (Expressions (gnat_node))));
+
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+	gnu_result = build_binary_op (attribute == Attr_Min
+				      ? MIN_EXPR : MAX_EXPR,
+				      gnu_result_type, gnu_lhs, gnu_rhs);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case Attr_Passed_By_Reference:
+      gnu_result = size_int (default_pass_by_ref (gnu_type)
+			     || must_pass_by_ref (gnu_type));
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case Attr_Component_Size:
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_prefix) == COMPONENT_REF
+	  && TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 0))))
+	gnu_prefix = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_prefix, 0);
+
+      gnu_prefix = maybe_implicit_deref (gnu_prefix);
+      gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_prefix);
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+	gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type))));
+
+      while (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	     && TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type)))
+	gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_type);
+
+      gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == ARRAY_TYPE);
+
+      /* Note this size cannot be self-referential.  */
+      gnu_result = TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type));
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      prefix_unused = true;
+      break;
+
+    case Attr_Descriptor_Size:
+      gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_prefix);
+      gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE);
+
+      /* What we want is the offset of the ARRAY field in the record
+	 that the thin pointer designates.  */
+      gnu_type = TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE (gnu_type);
+      gnu_result = bit_position (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)));
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      prefix_unused = true;
+      break;
+
+    case Attr_Null_Parameter:
+      /* This is just a zero cast to the pointer type for our prefix and
+	 dereferenced.  */
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result
+	= build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+			  convert (build_pointer_type (gnu_result_type),
+				   integer_zero_node));
+      TREE_PRIVATE (gnu_result) = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case Attr_Mechanism_Code:
+      {
+	Entity_Id gnat_obj = Entity (gnat_prefix);
+	int code;
+
+	prefix_unused = true;
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+	if (Present (Expressions (gnat_node)))
+	  {
+	    int i = UI_To_Int (Intval (First (Expressions (gnat_node))));
+
+	    for (gnat_obj = First_Formal (gnat_obj); i > 1;
+		 i--, gnat_obj = Next_Formal (gnat_obj))
+	      ;
+	  }
+
+	code = Mechanism (gnat_obj);
+	if (code == Default)
+	  code = ((present_gnu_tree (gnat_obj)
+		   && (DECL_BY_REF_P (get_gnu_tree (gnat_obj))
+		       || ((TREE_CODE (get_gnu_tree (gnat_obj))
+			    == PARM_DECL)
+			   && (DECL_BY_COMPONENT_PTR_P
+			       (get_gnu_tree (gnat_obj))))))
+		  ? By_Reference : By_Copy);
+	gnu_result = convert (gnu_result_type, size_int (- code));
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      /* This abort means that we have an unimplemented attribute.  */
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  /* If this is an attribute where the prefix was unused, force a use of it if
+     it has a side-effect.  But don't do it if the prefix is just an entity
+     name.  However, if an access check is needed, we must do it.  See second
+     example in AARM 11.6(5.e).  */
+  if (prefix_unused
+      && TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_prefix)
+      && !Is_Entity_Name (gnat_prefix))
+    gnu_result
+      = build_compound_expr  (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result), gnu_prefix, gnu_result);
+
+  *gnu_result_type_p = gnu_result_type;
+  return gnu_result;
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to translate gnat_node, an N_Case_Statement,
+   to a GCC tree, which is returned.  */
+
+static tree
+Case_Statement_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree gnu_result, gnu_expr, gnu_label;
+  Node_Id gnat_when;
+  location_t end_locus;
+  bool may_fallthru = false;
+
+  gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_node));
+  gnu_expr = convert (get_base_type (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr)), gnu_expr);
+
+  /*  The range of values in a case statement is determined by the rules in
+      RM 5.4(7-9). In almost all cases, this range is represented by the Etype
+      of the expression. One exception arises in the case of a simple name that
+      is parenthesized. This still has the Etype of the name, but since it is
+      not a name, para 7 does not apply, and we need to go to the base type.
+      This is the only case where parenthesization affects the dynamic
+      semantics (i.e. the range of possible values at run time that is covered
+      by the others alternative).
+
+      Another exception is if the subtype of the expression is non-static.  In
+      that case, we also have to use the base type.  */
+  if (Paren_Count (Expression (gnat_node)) != 0
+      || !Is_OK_Static_Subtype (Underlying_Type
+				(Etype (Expression (gnat_node)))))
+    gnu_expr = convert (get_base_type (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr)), gnu_expr);
+
+  /* We build a SWITCH_EXPR that contains the code with interspersed
+     CASE_LABEL_EXPRs for each label.  */
+  if (!Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_node) + UI_To_Int (End_Span (gnat_node)),
+      &end_locus))
+    end_locus = input_location;
+  gnu_label = create_artificial_label (end_locus);
+  start_stmt_group ();
+
+  for (gnat_when = First_Non_Pragma (Alternatives (gnat_node));
+       Present (gnat_when);
+       gnat_when = Next_Non_Pragma (gnat_when))
+    {
+      bool choices_added_p = false;
+      Node_Id gnat_choice;
+
+      /* First compile all the different case choices for the current WHEN
+	 alternative.  */
+      for (gnat_choice = First (Discrete_Choices (gnat_when));
+	   Present (gnat_choice); gnat_choice = Next (gnat_choice))
+	{
+	  tree gnu_low = NULL_TREE, gnu_high = NULL_TREE;
+
+	  switch (Nkind (gnat_choice))
+	    {
+	    case N_Range:
+	      gnu_low = gnat_to_gnu (Low_Bound (gnat_choice));
+	      gnu_high = gnat_to_gnu (High_Bound (gnat_choice));
+	      break;
+
+	    case N_Subtype_Indication:
+	      gnu_low = gnat_to_gnu (Low_Bound (Range_Expression
+						(Constraint (gnat_choice))));
+	      gnu_high = gnat_to_gnu (High_Bound (Range_Expression
+						  (Constraint (gnat_choice))));
+	      break;
+
+	    case N_Identifier:
+	    case N_Expanded_Name:
+	      /* This represents either a subtype range or a static value of
+		 some kind; Ekind says which.  */
+	      if (IN (Ekind (Entity (gnat_choice)), Type_Kind))
+		{
+		  tree gnu_type = get_unpadded_type (Entity (gnat_choice));
+
+		  gnu_low = fold (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_type));
+		  gnu_high = fold (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_type));
+		  break;
+		}
+
+	      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+	    case N_Character_Literal:
+	    case N_Integer_Literal:
+	      gnu_low = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_choice);
+	      break;
+
+	    case N_Others_Choice:
+	      break;
+
+	    default:
+	      gcc_unreachable ();
+	    }
+
+	  /* If the case value is a subtype that raises Constraint_Error at
+	     run time because of a wrong bound, then gnu_low or gnu_high is
+	     not translated into an INTEGER_CST.  In such a case, we need
+	     to ensure that the when statement is not added in the tree,
+	     otherwise it will crash the gimplifier.  */
+	  if ((!gnu_low || TREE_CODE (gnu_low) == INTEGER_CST)
+	      && (!gnu_high || TREE_CODE (gnu_high) == INTEGER_CST))
+	    {
+	      add_stmt_with_node (build_case_label
+				  (gnu_low, gnu_high,
+				   create_artificial_label (input_location)),
+				  gnat_choice);
+	      choices_added_p = true;
+	    }
+	}
+
+      /* This construct doesn't define a scope so we shouldn't push a binding
+	 level around the statement list.  Except that we have always done so
+	 historically and this makes it possible to reduce stack usage.  As a
+	 compromise, we keep doing it for case statements, for which this has
+	 never been problematic, but not for case expressions in Ada 2012.  */
+      if (choices_added_p)
+	{
+	  const bool is_case_expression
+	    = (Nkind (Parent (gnat_node)) == N_Expression_With_Actions);
+	  tree group
+	    = build_stmt_group (Statements (gnat_when), !is_case_expression);
+	  bool group_may_fallthru = block_may_fallthru (group);
+	  add_stmt (group);
+	  if (group_may_fallthru)
+	    {
+	      tree stmt = build1 (GOTO_EXPR, void_type_node, gnu_label);
+	      SET_EXPR_LOCATION (stmt, end_locus);
+	      add_stmt (stmt);
+	      may_fallthru = true;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Now emit a definition of the label the cases branch to, if any.  */
+  if (may_fallthru)
+    add_stmt (build1 (LABEL_EXPR, void_type_node, gnu_label));
+  gnu_result = build3 (SWITCH_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr), gnu_expr,
+		       end_stmt_group (), NULL_TREE);
+
+  return gnu_result;
+}
+
+/* Find out whether VAR is an iteration variable of an enclosing loop in the
+   current function.  If so, push a range_check_info structure onto the stack
+   of this enclosing loop and return it.  Otherwise, return NULL.  */
+
+static struct range_check_info_d *
+push_range_check_info (tree var)
+{
+  struct loop_info_d *iter = NULL;
+  unsigned int i;
+
+  if (vec_safe_is_empty (gnu_loop_stack))
+    return NULL;
+
+  var = remove_conversions (var, false);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (var) != VAR_DECL)
+    return NULL;
+
+  if (decl_function_context (var) != current_function_decl)
+    return NULL;
+
+  for (i = vec_safe_length (gnu_loop_stack) - 1;
+       vec_safe_iterate (gnu_loop_stack, i, &iter);
+       i--)
+    if (var == iter->loop_var)
+      break;
+
+  if (iter)
+    {
+      struct range_check_info_d *rci = ggc_alloc_range_check_info_d ();
+      vec_safe_push (iter->checks, rci);
+      return rci;
+    }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Return true if VAL (of type TYPE) can equal the minimum value if MAX is
+   false, or the maximum value if MAX is true, of TYPE.  */
+
+static bool
+can_equal_min_or_max_val_p (tree val, tree type, bool max)
+{
+  tree min_or_max_val = (max ? TYPE_MAX_VALUE (type) : TYPE_MIN_VALUE (type));
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (min_or_max_val) != INTEGER_CST)
+    return true;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (val) == NOP_EXPR)
+    val = (max
+	   ? TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (val, 0)))
+	   : TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (val, 0))));
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (val) != INTEGER_CST)
+    return true;
+
+  if (max)
+    return tree_int_cst_lt (val, min_or_max_val) == 0;
+  else
+    return tree_int_cst_lt (min_or_max_val, val) == 0;
+}
+
+/* Return true if VAL (of type TYPE) can equal the minimum value of TYPE.
+   If REVERSE is true, minimum value is taken as maximum value.  */
+
+static inline bool
+can_equal_min_val_p (tree val, tree type, bool reverse)
+{
+  return can_equal_min_or_max_val_p (val, type, reverse);
+}
+
+/* Return true if VAL (of type TYPE) can equal the maximum value of TYPE.
+   If REVERSE is true, maximum value is taken as minimum value.  */
+
+static inline bool
+can_equal_max_val_p (tree val, tree type, bool reverse)
+{
+  return can_equal_min_or_max_val_p (val, type, !reverse);
+}
+
+/* Return true if VAL1 can be lower than VAL2.  */
+
+static bool
+can_be_lower_p (tree val1, tree val2)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (val1) == NOP_EXPR)
+    val1 = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (val1, 0)));
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (val1) != INTEGER_CST)
+    return true;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (val2) == NOP_EXPR)
+    val2 = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (val2, 0)));
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (val2) != INTEGER_CST)
+    return true;
+
+  return tree_int_cst_lt (val1, val2);
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to translate gnat_node, an N_Loop_Statement,
+   to a GCC tree, which is returned.  */
+
+static tree
+Loop_Statement_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  const Node_Id gnat_iter_scheme = Iteration_Scheme (gnat_node);
+  struct loop_info_d *gnu_loop_info = ggc_alloc_cleared_loop_info_d ();
+  tree gnu_loop_stmt = build4 (LOOP_STMT, void_type_node, NULL_TREE,
+			       NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
+  tree gnu_loop_label = create_artificial_label (input_location);
+  tree gnu_cond_expr = NULL_TREE, gnu_low = NULL_TREE, gnu_high = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_result;
+
+  /* Push the loop_info structure associated with the LOOP_STMT.  */
+  vec_safe_push (gnu_loop_stack, gnu_loop_info);
+
+  /* Set location information for statement and end label.  */
+  set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_loop_stmt, gnat_node);
+  Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (End_Label (gnat_node)),
+		 &DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (gnu_loop_label));
+  LOOP_STMT_LABEL (gnu_loop_stmt) = gnu_loop_label;
+
+  /* Save the statement for later reuse.  */
+  gnu_loop_info->stmt = gnu_loop_stmt;
+
+  /* Set the condition under which the loop must keep going.
+     For the case "LOOP .... END LOOP;" the condition is always true.  */
+  if (No (gnat_iter_scheme))
+    ;
+
+  /* For the case "WHILE condition LOOP ..... END LOOP;" it's immediate.  */
+  else if (Present (Condition (gnat_iter_scheme)))
+    LOOP_STMT_COND (gnu_loop_stmt)
+      = gnat_to_gnu (Condition (gnat_iter_scheme));
+
+  /* Otherwise we have an iteration scheme and the condition is given by the
+     bounds of the subtype of the iteration variable.  */
+  else
+    {
+      Node_Id gnat_loop_spec = Loop_Parameter_Specification (gnat_iter_scheme);
+      Entity_Id gnat_loop_var = Defining_Entity (gnat_loop_spec);
+      Entity_Id gnat_type = Etype (gnat_loop_var);
+      tree gnu_type = get_unpadded_type (gnat_type);
+      tree gnu_base_type = get_base_type (gnu_type);
+      tree gnu_one_node = convert (gnu_base_type, integer_one_node);
+      tree gnu_loop_var, gnu_loop_iv, gnu_first, gnu_last, gnu_stmt;
+      enum tree_code update_code, test_code, shift_code;
+      bool reverse = Reverse_Present (gnat_loop_spec), use_iv = false;
+
+      gnu_low = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_type);
+      gnu_high = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_type);
+
+      /* We must disable modulo reduction for the iteration variable, if any,
+	 in order for the loop comparison to be effective.  */
+      if (reverse)
+	{
+	  gnu_first = gnu_high;
+	  gnu_last = gnu_low;
+	  update_code = MINUS_NOMOD_EXPR;
+	  test_code = GE_EXPR;
+	  shift_code = PLUS_NOMOD_EXPR;
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  gnu_first = gnu_low;
+	  gnu_last = gnu_high;
+	  update_code = PLUS_NOMOD_EXPR;
+	  test_code = LE_EXPR;
+	  shift_code = MINUS_NOMOD_EXPR;
+	}
+
+      /* We use two different strategies to translate the loop, depending on
+	 whether optimization is enabled.
+
+	 If it is, we generate the canonical loop form expected by the loop
+	 optimizer and the loop vectorizer, which is the do-while form:
+
+	     ENTRY_COND
+	   loop:
+	     TOP_UPDATE
+	     BODY
+	     BOTTOM_COND
+	     GOTO loop
+
+	 This avoids an implicit dependency on loop header copying and makes
+	 it possible to turn BOTTOM_COND into an inequality test.
+
+	 If optimization is disabled, loop header copying doesn't come into
+	 play and we try to generate the loop form with the fewer conditional
+	 branches.  First, the default form, which is:
+
+	   loop:
+	     TOP_COND
+	     BODY
+	     BOTTOM_UPDATE
+	     GOTO loop
+
+	 It should catch most loops with constant ending point.  Then, if we
+	 cannot, we try to generate the shifted form:
+
+	   loop:
+	     TOP_COND
+	     TOP_UPDATE
+	     BODY
+	     GOTO loop
+
+	 which should catch loops with constant starting point.  Otherwise, if
+	 we cannot, we generate the fallback form:
+
+	     ENTRY_COND
+	   loop:
+	     BODY
+	     BOTTOM_COND
+	     BOTTOM_UPDATE
+	     GOTO loop
+
+	 which works in all cases.  */
+
+      if (optimize)
+	{
+	  /* We can use the do-while form directly if GNU_FIRST-1 doesn't
+	     overflow.  */
+	  if (!can_equal_min_val_p (gnu_first, gnu_base_type, reverse))
+	    ;
+
+	  /* Otherwise, use the do-while form with the help of a special
+	     induction variable in the unsigned version of the base type
+	     or the unsigned version of the size type, whichever is the
+	     largest, in order to have wrap-around arithmetics for it.  */
+	  else
+	    {
+	      if (TYPE_PRECISION (gnu_base_type)
+		  > TYPE_PRECISION (size_type_node))
+		gnu_base_type
+		  = gnat_type_for_size (TYPE_PRECISION (gnu_base_type), 1);
+	      else
+		gnu_base_type = size_type_node;
+
+	      gnu_first = convert (gnu_base_type, gnu_first);
+	      gnu_last = convert (gnu_base_type, gnu_last);
+	      gnu_one_node = convert (gnu_base_type, integer_one_node);
+	      use_iv = true;
+	    }
+
+	  gnu_first
+	    = build_binary_op (shift_code, gnu_base_type, gnu_first,
+			       gnu_one_node);
+	  LOOP_STMT_TOP_UPDATE_P (gnu_loop_stmt) = 1;
+	  LOOP_STMT_BOTTOM_COND_P (gnu_loop_stmt) = 1;
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* We can use the default form if GNU_LAST+1 doesn't overflow.  */
+	  if (!can_equal_max_val_p (gnu_last, gnu_base_type, reverse))
+	    ;
+
+	  /* Otherwise, we can use the shifted form if neither GNU_FIRST-1 nor
+	     GNU_LAST-1 does.  */
+	  else if (!can_equal_min_val_p (gnu_first, gnu_base_type, reverse)
+		   && !can_equal_min_val_p (gnu_last, gnu_base_type, reverse))
+	    {
+	      gnu_first
+		= build_binary_op (shift_code, gnu_base_type, gnu_first,
+				   gnu_one_node);
+	      gnu_last
+		= build_binary_op (shift_code, gnu_base_type, gnu_last,
+				   gnu_one_node);
+	      LOOP_STMT_TOP_UPDATE_P (gnu_loop_stmt) = 1;
+	    }
+
+	  /* Otherwise, use the fallback form.  */
+	  else
+	    LOOP_STMT_BOTTOM_COND_P (gnu_loop_stmt) = 1;
+	}
+
+      /* If we use the BOTTOM_COND, we can turn the test into an inequality
+	 test but we may have to add ENTRY_COND to protect the empty loop.  */
+      if (LOOP_STMT_BOTTOM_COND_P (gnu_loop_stmt))
+	{
+	  test_code = NE_EXPR;
+	  if (can_be_lower_p (gnu_high, gnu_low))
+	    {
+	      gnu_cond_expr
+		= build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node,
+			  build_binary_op (LE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+					   gnu_low, gnu_high),
+			  NULL_TREE, alloc_stmt_list ());
+	      set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_cond_expr, gnat_loop_spec);
+	    }
+	}
+
+      /* Open a new nesting level that will surround the loop to declare the
+	 iteration variable.  */
+      start_stmt_group ();
+      gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+      /* If we use the special induction variable, create it and set it to
+	 its initial value.  Morever, the regular iteration variable cannot
+	 itself be initialized, lest the initial value wrapped around.  */
+      if (use_iv)
+	{
+	  gnu_loop_iv
+	    = create_init_temporary ("I", gnu_first, &gnu_stmt, gnat_loop_var);
+	  add_stmt (gnu_stmt);
+	  gnu_first = NULL_TREE;
+	}
+      else
+	gnu_loop_iv = NULL_TREE;
+
+      /* Declare the iteration variable and set it to its initial value.  */
+      gnu_loop_var = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_loop_var, gnu_first, 1);
+      if (DECL_BY_REF_P (gnu_loop_var))
+	gnu_loop_var = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, gnu_loop_var);
+      else if (use_iv)
+	{
+	  gcc_assert (DECL_LOOP_PARM_P (gnu_loop_var));
+	  SET_DECL_INDUCTION_VAR (gnu_loop_var, gnu_loop_iv);
+	}
+      gnu_loop_info->loop_var = gnu_loop_var;
+
+      /* Do all the arithmetics in the base type.  */
+      gnu_loop_var = convert (gnu_base_type, gnu_loop_var);
+
+      /* Set either the top or bottom exit condition.  */
+      if (use_iv)
+        LOOP_STMT_COND (gnu_loop_stmt)
+	  = build_binary_op (test_code, boolean_type_node, gnu_loop_iv,
+			     gnu_last);
+      else
+        LOOP_STMT_COND (gnu_loop_stmt)
+	  = build_binary_op (test_code, boolean_type_node, gnu_loop_var,
+			     gnu_last);
+
+      /* Set either the top or bottom update statement and give it the source
+	 location of the iteration for better coverage info.  */
+      if (use_iv)
+	{
+	  gnu_stmt
+	    = build_binary_op (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_loop_iv,
+			       build_binary_op (update_code, gnu_base_type,
+						gnu_loop_iv, gnu_one_node));
+	  set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_stmt, gnat_iter_scheme);
+	  append_to_statement_list (gnu_stmt,
+				    &LOOP_STMT_UPDATE (gnu_loop_stmt));
+	  gnu_stmt
+	    = build_binary_op (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_loop_var,
+			       gnu_loop_iv);
+	  set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_stmt, gnat_iter_scheme);
+	  append_to_statement_list (gnu_stmt,
+				    &LOOP_STMT_UPDATE (gnu_loop_stmt));
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  gnu_stmt
+	    = build_binary_op (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_loop_var,
+			       build_binary_op (update_code, gnu_base_type,
+						gnu_loop_var, gnu_one_node));
+	  set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_stmt, gnat_iter_scheme);
+	  LOOP_STMT_UPDATE (gnu_loop_stmt) = gnu_stmt;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* If the loop was named, have the name point to this loop.  In this case,
+     the association is not a DECL node, but the end label of the loop.  */
+  if (Present (Identifier (gnat_node)))
+    save_gnu_tree (Entity (Identifier (gnat_node)), gnu_loop_label, true);
+
+  /* Make the loop body into its own block, so any allocated storage will be
+     released every iteration.  This is needed for stack allocation.  */
+  LOOP_STMT_BODY (gnu_loop_stmt)
+    = build_stmt_group (Statements (gnat_node), true);
+  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_loop_stmt) = 1;
+
+  /* If we have an iteration scheme, then we are in a statement group.  Add
+     the LOOP_STMT to it, finish it and make it the "loop".  */
+  if (Present (gnat_iter_scheme) && No (Condition (gnat_iter_scheme)))
+    {
+      struct range_check_info_d *rci;
+      unsigned n_checks = vec_safe_length (gnu_loop_info->checks);
+      unsigned int i;
+
+      /* First, if we have computed a small number of invariant conditions for
+	 range checks applied to the iteration variable, then initialize these
+	 conditions in front of the loop.  Otherwise, leave them set to true.
+
+	 ??? The heuristics need to be improved, by taking into account the
+	     following datapoints:
+	       - loop unswitching is disabled for big loops.  The cap is the
+		 parameter PARAM_MAX_UNSWITCH_INSNS (50).
+	       - loop unswitching can only be applied a small number of times
+		 to a given loop.  The cap is PARAM_MAX_UNSWITCH_LEVEL (3).
+	       - the front-end quickly generates useless or redundant checks
+		 that can be entirely optimized away in the end.  */
+      if (1 <= n_checks && n_checks <= 4)
+	for (i = 0;
+	     vec_safe_iterate (gnu_loop_info->checks, i, &rci);
+	     i++)
+	  {
+	    tree low_ok
+	      = rci->low_bound
+	        ? build_binary_op (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				   convert (rci->type, gnu_low),
+				   rci->low_bound)
+		: boolean_true_node;
+
+	    tree high_ok
+	      = rci->high_bound
+	        ? build_binary_op (LE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				   convert (rci->type, gnu_high),
+				   rci->high_bound)
+		: boolean_true_node;
+
+	    tree range_ok
+	      = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				 low_ok, high_ok);
+
+	    TREE_OPERAND (rci->invariant_cond, 0)
+	      = build_unary_op (TRUTH_NOT_EXPR, boolean_type_node, range_ok);
+
+	    add_stmt_with_node_force (rci->invariant_cond, gnat_node);
+	  }
+
+      add_stmt (gnu_loop_stmt);
+      gnat_poplevel ();
+      gnu_loop_stmt = end_stmt_group ();
+    }
+
+  /* If we have an outer COND_EXPR, that's our result and this loop is its
+     "true" statement.  Otherwise, the result is the LOOP_STMT.  */
+  if (gnu_cond_expr)
+    {
+      COND_EXPR_THEN (gnu_cond_expr) = gnu_loop_stmt;
+      TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_cond_expr) = 1;
+      gnu_result = gnu_cond_expr;
+    }
+  else
+    gnu_result = gnu_loop_stmt;
+
+  gnu_loop_stack->pop ();
+
+  return gnu_result;
+}
+
+/* Emit statements to establish __gnat_handle_vms_condition as a VMS condition
+   handler for the current function.  */
+
+/* This is implemented by issuing a call to the appropriate VMS specific
+   builtin.  To avoid having VMS specific sections in the global gigi decls
+   array, we maintain the decls of interest here.  We can't declare them
+   inside the function because we must mark them never to be GC'd, which we
+   can only do at the global level.  */
+
+static GTY(()) tree vms_builtin_establish_handler_decl = NULL_TREE;
+static GTY(()) tree gnat_vms_condition_handler_decl = NULL_TREE;
+
+static void
+establish_gnat_vms_condition_handler (void)
+{
+  tree establish_stmt;
+
+  /* Elaborate the required decls on the first call.  Check on the decl for
+     the gnat condition handler to decide, as this is one we create so we are
+     sure that it will be non null on subsequent calls.  The builtin decl is
+     looked up so remains null on targets where it is not implemented yet.  */
+  if (gnat_vms_condition_handler_decl == NULL_TREE)
+    {
+      vms_builtin_establish_handler_decl
+	= builtin_decl_for
+	  (get_identifier ("__builtin_establish_vms_condition_handler"));
+
+      gnat_vms_condition_handler_decl
+	= create_subprog_decl (get_identifier ("__gnat_handle_vms_condition"),
+			       NULL_TREE,
+			       build_function_type_list (boolean_type_node,
+							 ptr_void_type_node,
+							 ptr_void_type_node,
+							 NULL_TREE),
+			       NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, true, true, NULL,
+			       Empty);
+
+      /* ??? DECL_CONTEXT shouldn't have been set because of DECL_EXTERNAL.  */
+      DECL_CONTEXT (gnat_vms_condition_handler_decl) = NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  /* Do nothing if the establish builtin is not available, which might happen
+     on targets where the facility is not implemented.  */
+  if (vms_builtin_establish_handler_decl == NULL_TREE)
+    return;
+
+  establish_stmt
+    = build_call_n_expr (vms_builtin_establish_handler_decl, 1,
+			 build_unary_op
+			 (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+			  gnat_vms_condition_handler_decl));
+
+  add_stmt (establish_stmt);
+}
+
+/* This page implements a form of Named Return Value optimization modelled
+   on the C++ optimization of the same name.  The main difference is that
+   we disregard any semantical considerations when applying it here, the
+   counterpart being that we don't try to apply it to semantically loaded
+   return types, i.e. types with the TYPE_BY_REFERENCE_P flag set.
+
+   We consider a function body of the following GENERIC form:
+
+     return_type R1;
+       [...]
+     RETURN_EXPR [<retval> = ...]
+       [...]
+     RETURN_EXPR [<retval> = R1]
+       [...]
+     return_type Ri;
+       [...]
+     RETURN_EXPR [<retval> = ...]
+       [...]
+     RETURN_EXPR [<retval> = Ri]
+       [...]
+
+   and we try to fulfill a simple criterion that would make it possible to
+   replace one or several Ri variables with the RESULT_DECL of the function.
+
+   The first observation is that RETURN_EXPRs that don't directly reference
+   any of the Ri variables on the RHS of their assignment are transparent wrt
+   the optimization.  This is because the Ri variables aren't addressable so
+   any transformation applied to them doesn't affect the RHS; moreover, the
+   assignment writes the full <retval> object so existing values are entirely
+   discarded.
+
+   This property can be extended to some forms of RETURN_EXPRs that reference
+   the Ri variables, for example CONSTRUCTORs, but isn't true in the general
+   case, in particular when function calls are involved.
+
+   Therefore the algorithm is as follows:
+
+     1. Collect the list of candidates for a Named Return Value (Ri variables
+	on the RHS of assignments of RETURN_EXPRs) as well as the list of the
+	other expressions on the RHS of such assignments.
+
+     2. Prune the members of the first list (candidates) that are referenced
+	by a member of the second list (expressions).
+
+     3. Extract a set of candidates with non-overlapping live ranges from the
+	first list.  These are the Named Return Values.
+
+     4. Adjust the relevant RETURN_EXPRs and replace the occurrences of the
+	Named Return Values in the function with the RESULT_DECL.
+
+   If the function returns an unconstrained type, things are a bit different
+   because the anonymous return object is allocated on the secondary stack
+   and RESULT_DECL is only a pointer to it.  Each return object can be of a
+   different size and is allocated separately so we need not care about the
+   aforementioned overlapping issues.  Therefore, we don't collect the other
+   expressions and skip step #2 in the algorithm.  */
+
+struct nrv_data
+{
+  bitmap nrv;
+  tree result;
+  Node_Id gnat_ret;
+  struct pointer_set_t *visited;
+};
+
+/* Return true if T is a Named Return Value.  */
+
+static inline bool
+is_nrv_p (bitmap nrv, tree t)
+{
+  return TREE_CODE (t) == VAR_DECL && bitmap_bit_p (nrv, DECL_UID (t));
+}
+
+/* Helper function for walk_tree, used by finalize_nrv below.  */
+
+static tree
+prune_nrv_r (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void *data)
+{
+  struct nrv_data *dp = (struct nrv_data *)data;
+  tree t = *tp;
+
+  /* No need to walk into types or decls.  */
+  if (IS_TYPE_OR_DECL_P (t))
+    *walk_subtrees = 0;
+
+  if (is_nrv_p (dp->nrv, t))
+    bitmap_clear_bit (dp->nrv, DECL_UID (t));
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Prune Named Return Values in BLOCK and return true if there is still a
+   Named Return Value in BLOCK or one of its sub-blocks.  */
+
+static bool
+prune_nrv_in_block (bitmap nrv, tree block)
+{
+  bool has_nrv = false;
+  tree t;
+
+  /* First recurse on the sub-blocks.  */
+  for (t = BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (block); t; t = BLOCK_CHAIN (t))
+    has_nrv |= prune_nrv_in_block (nrv, t);
+
+  /* Then make sure to keep at most one NRV per block.  */
+  for (t = BLOCK_VARS (block); t; t = DECL_CHAIN (t))
+    if (is_nrv_p (nrv, t))
+      {
+	if (has_nrv)
+	  bitmap_clear_bit (nrv, DECL_UID (t));
+	else
+	  has_nrv = true;
+      }
+
+  return has_nrv;
+}
+
+/* Helper function for walk_tree, used by finalize_nrv below.  */
+
+static tree
+finalize_nrv_r (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void *data)
+{
+  struct nrv_data *dp = (struct nrv_data *)data;
+  tree t = *tp;
+
+  /* No need to walk into types.  */
+  if (TYPE_P (t))
+    *walk_subtrees = 0;
+
+  /* Change RETURN_EXPRs of NRVs to just refer to the RESULT_DECL; this is a
+     nop, but differs from using NULL_TREE in that it indicates that we care
+     about the value of the RESULT_DECL.  */
+  else if (TREE_CODE (t) == RETURN_EXPR
+	   && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)) == MODIFY_EXPR)
+    {
+      tree ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), 1), init_expr;
+
+      /* If this is the temporary created for a return value with variable
+	 size in Call_to_gnu, we replace the RHS with the init expression.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (ret_val) == COMPOUND_EXPR
+	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0)) == INIT_EXPR
+	  && TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0), 0)
+	     == TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 1))
+	{
+	  init_expr = TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0), 1);
+	  ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 1);
+	}
+      else
+	init_expr = NULL_TREE;
+
+      /* Strip useless conversions around the return value.  */
+      if (gnat_useless_type_conversion (ret_val))
+	ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0);
+
+      if (is_nrv_p (dp->nrv, ret_val))
+	{
+	  if (init_expr)
+	    TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), 1) = init_expr;
+	  else
+	    TREE_OPERAND (t, 0) = dp->result;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Replace the DECL_EXPR of NRVs with an initialization of the RESULT_DECL,
+     if needed.  */
+  else if (TREE_CODE (t) == DECL_EXPR
+	   && is_nrv_p (dp->nrv, DECL_EXPR_DECL (t)))
+    {
+      tree var = DECL_EXPR_DECL (t), init;
+
+      if (DECL_INITIAL (var))
+	{
+	  init = build_binary_op (INIT_EXPR, NULL_TREE, dp->result,
+				  DECL_INITIAL (var));
+	  SET_EXPR_LOCATION (init, EXPR_LOCATION (t));
+	  DECL_INITIAL (var) = NULL_TREE;
+	}
+      else
+	init = build_empty_stmt (EXPR_LOCATION (t));
+      *tp = init;
+
+      /* Identify the NRV to the RESULT_DECL for debugging purposes.  */
+      SET_DECL_VALUE_EXPR (var, dp->result);
+      DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P (var) = 1;
+      /* ??? Kludge to avoid an assertion failure during inlining.  */
+      DECL_SIZE (var) = bitsize_unit_node;
+      DECL_SIZE_UNIT (var) = size_one_node;
+    }
+
+  /* And replace all uses of NRVs with the RESULT_DECL.  */
+  else if (is_nrv_p (dp->nrv, t))
+    *tp = convert (TREE_TYPE (t), dp->result);
+
+  /* Avoid walking into the same tree more than once.  Unfortunately, we
+     can't just use walk_tree_without_duplicates because it would only
+     call us for the first occurrence of NRVs in the function body.  */
+  if (pointer_set_insert (dp->visited, *tp))
+    *walk_subtrees = 0;
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Likewise, but used when the function returns an unconstrained type.  */
+
+static tree
+finalize_nrv_unc_r (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void *data)
+{
+  struct nrv_data *dp = (struct nrv_data *)data;
+  tree t = *tp;
+
+  /* No need to walk into types.  */
+  if (TYPE_P (t))
+    *walk_subtrees = 0;
+
+  /* We need to see the DECL_EXPR of NRVs before any other references so we
+     walk the body of BIND_EXPR before walking its variables.  */
+  else if (TREE_CODE (t) == BIND_EXPR)
+    walk_tree (&BIND_EXPR_BODY (t), finalize_nrv_unc_r, data, NULL);
+
+  /* Change RETURN_EXPRs of NRVs to assign to the RESULT_DECL only the final
+     return value built by the allocator instead of the whole construct.  */
+  else if (TREE_CODE (t) == RETURN_EXPR
+	   && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)) == MODIFY_EXPR)
+    {
+      tree ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), 1);
+
+      /* This is the construct returned by the allocator.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (ret_val) == COMPOUND_EXPR
+	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0)) == INIT_EXPR)
+	{
+	  if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (ret_val)))
+	    ret_val
+	      = (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0),
+						1)))[1].value;
+	  else
+	    ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0), 1);
+	}
+
+      /* Strip useless conversions around the return value.  */
+      if (gnat_useless_type_conversion (ret_val)
+	  || TREE_CODE (ret_val) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR)
+	ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0);
+
+      /* Strip unpadding around the return value.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (ret_val) == COMPONENT_REF
+	  && TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0))))
+	ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0);
+
+      /* Assign the new return value to the RESULT_DECL.  */
+      if (is_nrv_p (dp->nrv, ret_val))
+	TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), 1)
+	  = TREE_OPERAND (DECL_INITIAL (ret_val), 0);
+    }
+
+  /* Adjust the DECL_EXPR of NRVs to call the allocator and save the result
+     into a new variable.  */
+  else if (TREE_CODE (t) == DECL_EXPR
+	   && is_nrv_p (dp->nrv, DECL_EXPR_DECL (t)))
+    {
+      tree saved_current_function_decl = current_function_decl;
+      tree var = DECL_EXPR_DECL (t);
+      tree alloc, p_array, new_var, new_ret;
+      vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+      vec_alloc (v, 2);
+
+      /* Create an artificial context to build the allocation.  */
+      current_function_decl = decl_function_context (var);
+      start_stmt_group ();
+      gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+      /* This will return a COMPOUND_EXPR with the allocation in the first
+	 arm and the final return value in the second arm.  */
+      alloc = build_allocator (TREE_TYPE (var), DECL_INITIAL (var),
+			       TREE_TYPE (dp->result),
+			       Procedure_To_Call (dp->gnat_ret),
+			       Storage_Pool (dp->gnat_ret),
+			       Empty, false);
+
+      /* The new variable is built as a reference to the allocated space.  */
+      new_var
+	= build_decl (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (var), VAR_DECL, DECL_NAME (var),
+		      build_reference_type (TREE_TYPE (var)));
+      DECL_BY_REFERENCE (new_var) = 1;
+
+      if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (alloc)))
+	{
+	  /* The new initial value is a COMPOUND_EXPR with the allocation in
+	     the first arm and the value of P_ARRAY in the second arm.  */
+	  DECL_INITIAL (new_var)
+	    = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (new_var),
+		      TREE_OPERAND (alloc, 0),
+		      (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (TREE_OPERAND (alloc, 1)))[0].value);
+
+	  /* Build a modified CONSTRUCTOR that references NEW_VAR.  */
+	  p_array = TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (alloc));
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, p_array,
+				  fold_convert (TREE_TYPE (p_array), new_var));
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, DECL_CHAIN (p_array),
+				  (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (
+				      TREE_OPERAND (alloc, 1)))[1].value);
+	  new_ret = build_constructor (TREE_TYPE (alloc), v);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* The new initial value is just the allocation.  */
+	  DECL_INITIAL (new_var) = alloc;
+	  new_ret = fold_convert (TREE_TYPE (alloc), new_var);
+	}
+
+      gnat_pushdecl (new_var, Empty);
+
+      /* Destroy the artificial context and insert the new statements.  */
+      gnat_zaplevel ();
+      *tp = end_stmt_group ();
+      current_function_decl = saved_current_function_decl;
+
+      /* Chain NEW_VAR immediately after VAR and ignore the latter.  */
+      DECL_CHAIN (new_var) = DECL_CHAIN (var);
+      DECL_CHAIN (var) = new_var;
+      DECL_IGNORED_P (var) = 1;
+
+      /* Save the new return value and the dereference of NEW_VAR.  */
+      DECL_INITIAL (var)
+	= build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (var), new_ret,
+		  build1 (INDIRECT_REF, TREE_TYPE (var), new_var));
+      /* ??? Kludge to avoid messing up during inlining.  */
+      DECL_CONTEXT (var) = NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  /* And replace all uses of NRVs with the dereference of NEW_VAR.  */
+  else if (is_nrv_p (dp->nrv, t))
+    *tp = TREE_OPERAND (DECL_INITIAL (t), 1);
+
+  /* Avoid walking into the same tree more than once.  Unfortunately, we
+     can't just use walk_tree_without_duplicates because it would only
+     call us for the first occurrence of NRVs in the function body.  */
+  if (pointer_set_insert (dp->visited, *tp))
+    *walk_subtrees = 0;
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Finalize the Named Return Value optimization for FNDECL.  The NRV bitmap
+   contains the candidates for Named Return Value and OTHER is a list of
+   the other return values.  GNAT_RET is a representative return node.  */
+
+static void
+finalize_nrv (tree fndecl, bitmap nrv, vec<tree, va_gc> *other, Node_Id gnat_ret)
+{
+  struct cgraph_node *node;
+  struct nrv_data data;
+  walk_tree_fn func;
+  unsigned int i;
+  tree iter;
+
+  /* We shouldn't be applying the optimization to return types that we aren't
+     allowed to manipulate freely.  */
+  gcc_assert (!TYPE_IS_BY_REFERENCE_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (fndecl))));
+
+  /* Prune the candidates that are referenced by other return values.  */
+  data.nrv = nrv;
+  data.result = NULL_TREE;
+  data.visited = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; vec_safe_iterate (other, i, &iter); i++)
+    walk_tree_without_duplicates (&iter, prune_nrv_r, &data);
+  if (bitmap_empty_p (nrv))
+    return;
+
+  /* Prune also the candidates that are referenced by nested functions.  */
+  node = cgraph_get_create_node (fndecl);
+  for (node = node->nested; node; node = node->next_nested)
+    walk_tree_without_duplicates (&DECL_SAVED_TREE (node->decl), prune_nrv_r,
+				  &data);
+  if (bitmap_empty_p (nrv))
+    return;
+
+  /* Extract a set of NRVs with non-overlapping live ranges.  */
+  if (!prune_nrv_in_block (nrv, DECL_INITIAL (fndecl)))
+    return;
+
+  /* Adjust the relevant RETURN_EXPRs and replace the occurrences of NRVs.  */
+  data.nrv = nrv;
+  data.result = DECL_RESULT (fndecl);
+  data.gnat_ret = gnat_ret;
+  data.visited = pointer_set_create ();
+  if (TYPE_RETURN_UNCONSTRAINED_P (TREE_TYPE (fndecl)))
+    func = finalize_nrv_unc_r;
+  else
+    func = finalize_nrv_r;
+  walk_tree (&DECL_SAVED_TREE (fndecl), func, &data, NULL);
+  pointer_set_destroy (data.visited);
+}
+
+/* Return true if RET_VAL can be used as a Named Return Value for the
+   anonymous return object RET_OBJ.  */
+
+static bool
+return_value_ok_for_nrv_p (tree ret_obj, tree ret_val)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (ret_val) != VAR_DECL)
+    return false;
+
+  if (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (ret_val))
+    return false;
+
+  if (DECL_CONTEXT (ret_val) != current_function_decl)
+    return false;
+
+  if (TREE_STATIC (ret_val))
+    return false;
+
+  if (TREE_ADDRESSABLE (ret_val))
+    return false;
+
+  if (ret_obj && DECL_ALIGN (ret_val) > DECL_ALIGN (ret_obj))
+    return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Build a RETURN_EXPR.  If RET_VAL is non-null, build a RETURN_EXPR around
+   the assignment of RET_VAL to RET_OBJ.  Otherwise build a bare RETURN_EXPR
+   around RESULT_OBJ, which may be null in this case.  */
+
+static tree
+build_return_expr (tree ret_obj, tree ret_val)
+{
+  tree result_expr;
+
+  if (ret_val)
+    {
+      /* The gimplifier explicitly enforces the following invariant:
+
+	      RETURN_EXPR
+		  |
+	      MODIFY_EXPR
+	      /        \
+	     /          \
+	 RET_OBJ        ...
+
+	 As a consequence, type consistency dictates that we use the type
+	 of the RET_OBJ as the operation type.  */
+      tree operation_type = TREE_TYPE (ret_obj);
+
+      /* Convert the right operand to the operation type.  Note that it's the
+	 same transformation as in the MODIFY_EXPR case of build_binary_op,
+	 with the assumption that the type cannot involve a placeholder.  */
+      if (operation_type != TREE_TYPE (ret_val))
+	ret_val = convert (operation_type, ret_val);
+
+      result_expr = build2 (MODIFY_EXPR, void_type_node, ret_obj, ret_val);
+
+      /* If the function returns an aggregate type, find out whether this is
+	 a candidate for Named Return Value.  If so, record it.  Otherwise,
+	 if this is an expression of some kind, record it elsewhere.  */
+      if (optimize
+	  && AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (operation_type)
+	  && !TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (operation_type)
+	  && TYPE_MODE (operation_type) == BLKmode
+	  && aggregate_value_p (operation_type, current_function_decl))
+	{
+	  /* Recognize the temporary created for a return value with variable
+	     size in Call_to_gnu.  We want to eliminate it if possible.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (ret_val) == COMPOUND_EXPR
+	      && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0)) == INIT_EXPR
+	      && TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0), 0)
+		 == TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 1))
+	    ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 1);
+
+	  /* Strip useless conversions around the return value.  */
+	  if (gnat_useless_type_conversion (ret_val))
+	    ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0);
+
+	  /* Now apply the test to the return value.  */
+	  if (return_value_ok_for_nrv_p (ret_obj, ret_val))
+	    {
+	      if (!f_named_ret_val)
+		f_named_ret_val = BITMAP_GGC_ALLOC ();
+	      bitmap_set_bit (f_named_ret_val, DECL_UID (ret_val));
+	    }
+
+	  /* Note that we need not care about CONSTRUCTORs here, as they are
+	     totally transparent given the read-compose-write semantics of
+	     assignments from CONSTRUCTORs.  */
+	  else if (EXPR_P (ret_val))
+	    vec_safe_push (f_other_ret_val, ret_val);
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    result_expr = ret_obj;
+
+  return build1 (RETURN_EXPR, void_type_node, result_expr);
+}
+
+/* Build a stub for the subprogram specified by the GCC tree GNU_SUBPROG
+   and the GNAT node GNAT_SUBPROG.  */
+
+static void
+build_function_stub (tree gnu_subprog, Entity_Id gnat_subprog)
+{
+  tree gnu_subprog_type, gnu_subprog_addr, gnu_subprog_call;
+  tree gnu_subprog_param, gnu_stub_param, gnu_param;
+  tree gnu_stub_decl = DECL_FUNCTION_STUB (gnu_subprog);
+  vec<tree, va_gc> *gnu_param_vec = NULL;
+
+  gnu_subprog_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_subprog);
+
+  /* Initialize the information structure for the function.  */
+  allocate_struct_function (gnu_stub_decl, false);
+  set_cfun (NULL);
+
+  begin_subprog_body (gnu_stub_decl);
+
+  start_stmt_group ();
+  gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+  /* Loop over the parameters of the stub and translate any of them
+     passed by descriptor into a by reference one.  */
+  for (gnu_stub_param = DECL_ARGUMENTS (gnu_stub_decl),
+       gnu_subprog_param = DECL_ARGUMENTS (gnu_subprog);
+       gnu_stub_param;
+       gnu_stub_param = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_stub_param),
+       gnu_subprog_param = DECL_CHAIN (gnu_subprog_param))
+    {
+      if (DECL_BY_DESCRIPTOR_P (gnu_stub_param))
+	{
+	  gcc_assert (DECL_BY_REF_P (gnu_subprog_param));
+	  gnu_param
+	    = convert_vms_descriptor (TREE_TYPE (gnu_subprog_param),
+				      gnu_stub_param,
+				      DECL_PARM_ALT_TYPE (gnu_stub_param),
+				      gnat_subprog);
+	}
+      else
+	gnu_param = gnu_stub_param;
+
+      vec_safe_push (gnu_param_vec, gnu_param);
+    }
+
+  /* Invoke the internal subprogram.  */
+  gnu_subprog_addr = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, build_pointer_type (gnu_subprog_type),
+			     gnu_subprog);
+  gnu_subprog_call = build_call_vec (TREE_TYPE (gnu_subprog_type),
+                                     gnu_subprog_addr, gnu_param_vec);
+
+  /* Propagate the return value, if any.  */
+  if (VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_subprog_type)))
+    add_stmt (gnu_subprog_call);
+  else
+    add_stmt (build_return_expr (DECL_RESULT (gnu_stub_decl),
+				 gnu_subprog_call));
+
+  gnat_poplevel ();
+  end_subprog_body (end_stmt_group ());
+  rest_of_subprog_body_compilation (gnu_stub_decl);
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to process gnat_node, an N_Subprogram_Body.  We
+   don't return anything.  */
+
+static void
+Subprogram_Body_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  /* Defining identifier of a parameter to the subprogram.  */
+  Entity_Id gnat_param;
+  /* The defining identifier for the subprogram body. Note that if a
+     specification has appeared before for this body, then the identifier
+     occurring in that specification will also be a defining identifier and all
+     the calls to this subprogram will point to that specification.  */
+  Entity_Id gnat_subprog_id
+    = (Present (Corresponding_Spec (gnat_node))
+       ? Corresponding_Spec (gnat_node) : Defining_Entity (gnat_node));
+  /* The FUNCTION_DECL node corresponding to the subprogram spec.   */
+  tree gnu_subprog_decl;
+  /* Its RESULT_DECL node.  */
+  tree gnu_result_decl;
+  /* Its FUNCTION_TYPE node.  */
+  tree gnu_subprog_type;
+  /* The TYPE_CI_CO_LIST of its FUNCTION_TYPE node, if any.  */
+  tree gnu_cico_list;
+  /* The entry in the CI_CO_LIST that represents a function return, if any.  */
+  tree gnu_return_var_elmt = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_result;
+  struct language_function *gnu_subprog_language;
+  vec<parm_attr, va_gc> *cache;
+
+  /* If this is a generic object or if it has been eliminated,
+     ignore it.  */
+  if (Ekind (gnat_subprog_id) == E_Generic_Procedure
+      || Ekind (gnat_subprog_id) == E_Generic_Function
+      || Is_Eliminated (gnat_subprog_id))
+    return;
+
+  /* If this subprogram acts as its own spec, define it.  Otherwise, just get
+     the already-elaborated tree node.  However, if this subprogram had its
+     elaboration deferred, we will already have made a tree node for it.  So
+     treat it as not being defined in that case.  Such a subprogram cannot
+     have an address clause or a freeze node, so this test is safe, though it
+     does disable some otherwise-useful error checking.  */
+  gnu_subprog_decl
+    = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_subprog_id, NULL_TREE,
+			  Acts_As_Spec (gnat_node)
+			  && !present_gnu_tree (gnat_subprog_id));
+  gnu_result_decl = DECL_RESULT (gnu_subprog_decl);
+  gnu_subprog_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_subprog_decl);
+  gnu_cico_list = TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (gnu_subprog_type);
+  if (gnu_cico_list)
+    gnu_return_var_elmt = value_member (void_type_node, gnu_cico_list);
+
+  /* If the function returns by invisible reference, make it explicit in the
+     function body.  See gnat_to_gnu_entity, E_Subprogram_Type case.
+     Handle the explicit case here and the copy-in/copy-out case below.  */
+  if (TREE_ADDRESSABLE (gnu_subprog_type) && !gnu_return_var_elmt)
+    {
+      TREE_TYPE (gnu_result_decl)
+	= build_reference_type (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result_decl));
+      relayout_decl (gnu_result_decl);
+    }
+
+  /* Set the line number in the decl to correspond to that of the body so that
+     the line number notes are written correctly.  */
+  Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_node), &DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (gnu_subprog_decl));
+
+  /* Initialize the information structure for the function.  */
+  allocate_struct_function (gnu_subprog_decl, false);
+  gnu_subprog_language = ggc_alloc_cleared_language_function ();
+  DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (gnu_subprog_decl)->language = gnu_subprog_language;
+  set_cfun (NULL);
+
+  begin_subprog_body (gnu_subprog_decl);
+
+  /* If there are In Out or Out parameters, we need to ensure that the return
+     statement properly copies them out.  We do this by making a new block and
+     converting any return into a goto to a label at the end of the block.  */
+  if (gnu_cico_list)
+    {
+      tree gnu_return_var = NULL_TREE;
+
+      vec_safe_push (gnu_return_label_stack,
+		     create_artificial_label (input_location));
+
+      start_stmt_group ();
+      gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+      /* If this is a function with In Out or Out parameters, we also need a
+	 variable for the return value to be placed.  */
+      if (gnu_return_var_elmt)
+	{
+	  tree gnu_return_type
+	    = TREE_TYPE (TREE_PURPOSE (gnu_return_var_elmt));
+
+	  /* If the function returns by invisible reference, make it
+	     explicit in the function body.  See gnat_to_gnu_entity,
+	     E_Subprogram_Type case.  */
+	  if (TREE_ADDRESSABLE (gnu_subprog_type))
+	    gnu_return_type = build_reference_type (gnu_return_type);
+
+	  gnu_return_var
+	    = create_var_decl (get_identifier ("RETVAL"), NULL_TREE,
+			       gnu_return_type, NULL_TREE, false, false,
+			       false, false, NULL, gnat_subprog_id);
+	  TREE_VALUE (gnu_return_var_elmt) = gnu_return_var;
+	}
+
+      vec_safe_push (gnu_return_var_stack, gnu_return_var);
+
+      /* See whether there are parameters for which we don't have a GCC tree
+	 yet.  These must be Out parameters.  Make a VAR_DECL for them and
+	 put it into TYPE_CI_CO_LIST, which must contain an empty entry too.
+	 We can match up the entries because TYPE_CI_CO_LIST is in the order
+	 of the parameters.  */
+      for (gnat_param = First_Formal_With_Extras (gnat_subprog_id);
+	   Present (gnat_param);
+	   gnat_param = Next_Formal_With_Extras (gnat_param))
+	if (!present_gnu_tree (gnat_param))
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_cico_entry = gnu_cico_list;
+	    tree gnu_decl;
+
+	    /* Skip any entries that have been already filled in; they must
+	       correspond to In Out parameters.  */
+	    while (gnu_cico_entry && TREE_VALUE (gnu_cico_entry))
+	      gnu_cico_entry = TREE_CHAIN (gnu_cico_entry);
+
+	    /* Do any needed dereferences for by-ref objects.  */
+	    gnu_decl = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_param, NULL_TREE, 1);
+	    gcc_assert (DECL_P (gnu_decl));
+	    if (DECL_BY_REF_P (gnu_decl))
+	      gnu_decl = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, gnu_decl);
+
+	    /* Do any needed references for padded types.  */
+	    TREE_VALUE (gnu_cico_entry)
+	      = convert (TREE_TYPE (TREE_PURPOSE (gnu_cico_entry)), gnu_decl);
+	  }
+    }
+  else
+    vec_safe_push (gnu_return_label_stack, NULL_TREE);
+
+  /* Get a tree corresponding to the code for the subprogram.  */
+  start_stmt_group ();
+  gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+  /* On VMS, establish our condition handler to possibly turn a condition into
+     the corresponding exception if the subprogram has a foreign convention or
+     is exported.
+
+     To ensure proper execution of local finalizations on condition instances,
+     we must turn a condition into the corresponding exception even if there
+     is no applicable Ada handler, and need at least one condition handler per
+     possible call chain involving GNAT code.  OTOH, establishing the handler
+     has a cost so we want to minimize the number of subprograms into which
+     this happens.  The foreign or exported condition is expected to satisfy
+     all the constraints.  */
+  if (TARGET_ABI_OPEN_VMS
+      && (Has_Foreign_Convention (gnat_subprog_id)
+	  || Is_Exported (gnat_subprog_id)))
+    establish_gnat_vms_condition_handler ();
+
+  process_decls (Declarations (gnat_node), Empty, Empty, true, true);
+
+  /* Generate the code of the subprogram itself.  A return statement will be
+     present and any Out parameters will be handled there.  */
+  add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (Handled_Statement_Sequence (gnat_node)));
+  gnat_poplevel ();
+  gnu_result = end_stmt_group ();
+
+  /* If we populated the parameter attributes cache, we need to make sure that
+     the cached expressions are evaluated on all the possible paths leading to
+     their uses.  So we force their evaluation on entry of the function.  */
+  cache = gnu_subprog_language->parm_attr_cache;
+  if (cache)
+    {
+      struct parm_attr_d *pa;
+      int i;
+
+      start_stmt_group ();
+
+      FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (*cache, i, pa)
+	{
+	  if (pa->first)
+	    add_stmt_with_node_force (pa->first, gnat_node);
+	  if (pa->last)
+	    add_stmt_with_node_force (pa->last, gnat_node);
+	  if (pa->length)
+	    add_stmt_with_node_force (pa->length, gnat_node);
+	}
+
+      add_stmt (gnu_result);
+      gnu_result = end_stmt_group ();
+
+      gnu_subprog_language->parm_attr_cache = NULL;
+    }
+
+  /* If we are dealing with a return from an Ada procedure with parameters
+     passed by copy-in/copy-out, we need to return a record containing the
+     final values of these parameters.  If the list contains only one entry,
+     return just that entry though.
+
+     For a full description of the copy-in/copy-out parameter mechanism, see
+     the part of the gnat_to_gnu_entity routine dealing with the translation
+     of subprograms.
+
+     We need to make a block that contains the definition of that label and
+     the copying of the return value.  It first contains the function, then
+     the label and copy statement.  */
+  if (gnu_cico_list)
+    {
+      tree gnu_retval;
+
+      gnu_return_var_stack->pop ();
+
+      add_stmt (gnu_result);
+      add_stmt (build1 (LABEL_EXPR, void_type_node,
+			gnu_return_label_stack->last ()));
+
+      if (list_length (gnu_cico_list) == 1)
+	gnu_retval = TREE_VALUE (gnu_cico_list);
+      else
+	gnu_retval = build_constructor_from_list (TREE_TYPE (gnu_subprog_type),
+						  gnu_cico_list);
+
+      add_stmt_with_node (build_return_expr (gnu_result_decl, gnu_retval),
+			  End_Label (Handled_Statement_Sequence (gnat_node)));
+      gnat_poplevel ();
+      gnu_result = end_stmt_group ();
+    }
+
+  gnu_return_label_stack->pop ();
+
+  /* Attempt setting the end_locus of our GCC body tree, typically a
+     BIND_EXPR or STATEMENT_LIST, then the end_locus of our GCC subprogram
+     declaration tree.  */
+  set_end_locus_from_node (gnu_result, gnat_node);
+  set_end_locus_from_node (gnu_subprog_decl, gnat_node);
+
+  /* On SEH targets, install an exception handler around the main entry
+     point to catch unhandled exceptions.  */
+  if (DECL_NAME (gnu_subprog_decl) == main_identifier_node
+      && targetm_common.except_unwind_info (&global_options) == UI_SEH)
+    {
+      tree t;
+      tree etype;
+
+      t = build_call_expr (builtin_decl_explicit (BUILT_IN_EH_POINTER),
+			   1, integer_zero_node);
+      t = build_call_n_expr (unhandled_except_decl, 1, t);
+
+      etype = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, unhandled_others_decl);
+      etype = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, etype, NULL_TREE);
+
+      t = build2 (CATCH_EXPR, void_type_node, etype, t);
+      gnu_result = build2 (TRY_CATCH_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (gnu_result),
+			   gnu_result, t);
+    }
+
+  end_subprog_body (gnu_result);
+
+  /* Finally annotate the parameters and disconnect the trees for parameters
+     that we have turned into variables since they are now unusable.  */
+  for (gnat_param = First_Formal_With_Extras (gnat_subprog_id);
+       Present (gnat_param);
+       gnat_param = Next_Formal_With_Extras (gnat_param))
+    {
+      tree gnu_param = get_gnu_tree (gnat_param);
+      bool is_var_decl = (TREE_CODE (gnu_param) == VAR_DECL);
+
+      annotate_object (gnat_param, TREE_TYPE (gnu_param), NULL_TREE,
+		       DECL_BY_REF_P (gnu_param));
+
+      if (is_var_decl)
+	save_gnu_tree (gnat_param, NULL_TREE, false);
+    }
+
+  /* Disconnect the variable created for the return value.  */
+  if (gnu_return_var_elmt)
+    TREE_VALUE (gnu_return_var_elmt) = void_type_node;
+
+  /* If the function returns an aggregate type and we have candidates for
+     a Named Return Value, finalize the optimization.  */
+  if (optimize && gnu_subprog_language->named_ret_val)
+    {
+      finalize_nrv (gnu_subprog_decl,
+		    gnu_subprog_language->named_ret_val,
+		    gnu_subprog_language->other_ret_val,
+		    gnu_subprog_language->gnat_ret);
+      gnu_subprog_language->named_ret_val = NULL;
+      gnu_subprog_language->other_ret_val = NULL;
+    }
+
+  rest_of_subprog_body_compilation (gnu_subprog_decl);
+
+  /* If there is a stub associated with the function, build it now.  */
+  if (DECL_FUNCTION_STUB (gnu_subprog_decl))
+    build_function_stub (gnu_subprog_decl, gnat_subprog_id);
+}
+
+/* Return true if GNAT_NODE requires atomic synchronization.  */
+
+static bool
+atomic_sync_required_p (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  const Node_Id gnat_parent = Parent (gnat_node);
+  Node_Kind kind;
+  unsigned char attr_id;
+
+  /* First, scan the node to find the Atomic_Sync_Required flag.  */
+  kind = Nkind (gnat_node);
+  if (kind == N_Type_Conversion || kind == N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion)
+    {
+      gnat_node = Expression (gnat_node);
+      kind = Nkind (gnat_node);
+    }
+
+  switch (kind)
+    {
+    case N_Expanded_Name:
+    case N_Explicit_Dereference:
+    case N_Identifier:
+    case N_Indexed_Component:
+    case N_Selected_Component:
+      if (!Atomic_Sync_Required (gnat_node))
+	return false;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  /* Then, scan the parent to find out cases where the flag is irrelevant.  */
+  kind = Nkind (gnat_parent);
+  switch (kind)
+    {
+    case N_Attribute_Reference:
+      attr_id = Get_Attribute_Id (Attribute_Name (gnat_parent));
+      /* Do not mess up machine code insertions.  */
+      if (attr_id == Attr_Asm_Input || attr_id == Attr_Asm_Output)
+	return false;
+      break;
+
+    case N_Object_Renaming_Declaration:
+      /* Do not generate a function call as a renamed object.  */
+      return false;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Create a temporary variable with PREFIX and TYPE, and return it.  */
+
+static tree
+create_temporary (const char *prefix, tree type)
+{
+  tree gnu_temp = create_var_decl (create_tmp_var_name (prefix), NULL_TREE,
+				   type, NULL_TREE, false, false, false, false,
+				   NULL, Empty);
+  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (gnu_temp) = 1;
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (gnu_temp) = 1;
+
+  return gnu_temp;
+}
+
+/* Create a temporary variable with PREFIX and initialize it with GNU_INIT.
+   Put the initialization statement into GNU_INIT_STMT and annotate it with
+   the SLOC of GNAT_NODE.  Return the temporary variable.  */
+
+static tree
+create_init_temporary (const char *prefix, tree gnu_init, tree *gnu_init_stmt,
+		       Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree gnu_temp = create_temporary (prefix, TREE_TYPE (gnu_init));
+
+  *gnu_init_stmt = build_binary_op (INIT_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_temp, gnu_init);
+  set_expr_location_from_node (*gnu_init_stmt, gnat_node);
+
+  return gnu_temp;
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to translate gnat_node, either an N_Function_Call
+   or an N_Procedure_Call_Statement, to a GCC tree, which is returned.
+   GNU_RESULT_TYPE_P is a pointer to where we should place the result type.
+   If GNU_TARGET is non-null, this must be a function call on the RHS of a
+   N_Assignment_Statement and the result is to be placed into that object.
+   If, in addition, ATOMIC_SYNC is true, then the assignment to GNU_TARGET
+   requires atomic synchronization.  */
+
+static tree
+Call_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node, tree *gnu_result_type_p, tree gnu_target,
+	     bool atomic_sync)
+{
+  const bool function_call = (Nkind (gnat_node) == N_Function_Call);
+  const bool returning_value = (function_call && !gnu_target);
+  /* The GCC node corresponding to the GNAT subprogram name.  This can either
+     be a FUNCTION_DECL node if we are dealing with a standard subprogram call,
+     or an indirect reference expression (an INDIRECT_REF node) pointing to a
+     subprogram.  */
+  tree gnu_subprog = gnat_to_gnu (Name (gnat_node));
+  /* The FUNCTION_TYPE node giving the GCC type of the subprogram.  */
+  tree gnu_subprog_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_subprog);
+  /* The return type of the FUNCTION_TYPE.  */
+  tree gnu_result_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_subprog_type);
+  tree gnu_subprog_addr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_subprog);
+  vec<tree, va_gc> *gnu_actual_vec = NULL;
+  tree gnu_name_list = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_stmt_list = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_after_list = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_retval = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_call, gnu_result;
+  bool went_into_elab_proc = false;
+  bool pushed_binding_level = false;
+  Entity_Id gnat_formal;
+  Node_Id gnat_actual;
+
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (gnu_subprog_type) == FUNCTION_TYPE);
+
+  /* If we are calling a stubbed function, raise Program_Error, but Elaborate
+     all our args first.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_subprog) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_STUBBED_P (gnu_subprog))
+    {
+      tree call_expr = build_call_raise (PE_Stubbed_Subprogram_Called,
+					 gnat_node, N_Raise_Program_Error);
+
+      for (gnat_actual = First_Actual (gnat_node);
+	   Present (gnat_actual);
+	   gnat_actual = Next_Actual (gnat_actual))
+	add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (gnat_actual));
+
+      if (returning_value)
+	{
+	  *gnu_result_type_p = gnu_result_type;
+	  return build1 (NULL_EXPR, gnu_result_type, call_expr);
+	}
+
+      return call_expr;
+    }
+
+  /* The only way we can be making a call via an access type is if Name is an
+     explicit dereference.  In that case, get the list of formal args from the
+     type the access type is pointing to.  Otherwise, get the formals from the
+     entity being called.  */
+  if (Nkind (Name (gnat_node)) == N_Explicit_Dereference)
+    gnat_formal = First_Formal_With_Extras (Etype (Name (gnat_node)));
+  else if (Nkind (Name (gnat_node)) == N_Attribute_Reference)
+    /* Assume here that this must be 'Elab_Body or 'Elab_Spec.  */
+    gnat_formal = Empty;
+  else
+    gnat_formal = First_Formal_With_Extras (Entity (Name (gnat_node)));
+
+  /* The lifetime of the temporaries created for the call ends right after the
+     return value is copied, so we can give them the scope of the elaboration
+     routine at top level.  */
+  if (!current_function_decl)
+    {
+      current_function_decl = get_elaboration_procedure ();
+      went_into_elab_proc = true;
+    }
+
+  /* First, create the temporary for the return value when:
+
+       1. There is no target and the function has copy-in/copy-out parameters,
+	  because we need to preserve the return value before copying back the
+	  parameters.
+
+       2. There is no target and this is not an object declaration, and the
+	  return type has variable size, because in these cases the gimplifier
+	  cannot create the temporary.
+
+       3. There is a target and it is a slice or an array with fixed size,
+	  and the return type has variable size, because the gimplifier
+	  doesn't handle these cases.
+
+     This must be done before we push a binding level around the call, since
+     we will pop it before copying the return value.  */
+  if (function_call
+      && ((!gnu_target && TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (gnu_subprog_type))
+	  || (!gnu_target
+	      && Nkind (Parent (gnat_node)) != N_Object_Declaration
+	      && TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_result_type)) != INTEGER_CST)
+	  || (gnu_target
+	      && (TREE_CODE (gnu_target) == ARRAY_RANGE_REF
+		  || (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_target)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+		      && TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_target)))
+			 == INTEGER_CST))
+	      && TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_result_type)) != INTEGER_CST)))
+    gnu_retval = create_temporary ("R", gnu_result_type);
+
+  /* Create the list of the actual parameters as GCC expects it, namely a
+     chain of TREE_LIST nodes in which the TREE_VALUE field of each node
+     is an expression and the TREE_PURPOSE field is null.  But skip Out
+     parameters not passed by reference and that need not be copied in.  */
+  for (gnat_actual = First_Actual (gnat_node);
+       Present (gnat_actual);
+       gnat_formal = Next_Formal_With_Extras (gnat_formal),
+       gnat_actual = Next_Actual (gnat_actual))
+    {
+      tree gnu_formal = present_gnu_tree (gnat_formal)
+			? get_gnu_tree (gnat_formal) : NULL_TREE;
+      tree gnu_formal_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_formal));
+      const bool is_true_formal_parm
+	= gnu_formal && TREE_CODE (gnu_formal) == PARM_DECL;
+      const bool is_by_ref_formal_parm
+ 	= is_true_formal_parm
+ 	  && (DECL_BY_REF_P (gnu_formal)
+	      || DECL_BY_COMPONENT_PTR_P (gnu_formal)
+	      || DECL_BY_DESCRIPTOR_P (gnu_formal));
+      /* In the Out or In Out case, we must suppress conversions that yield
+	 an lvalue but can nevertheless cause the creation of a temporary,
+	 because we need the real object in this case, either to pass its
+	 address if it's passed by reference or as target of the back copy
+	 done after the call if it uses the copy-in/copy-out mechanism.
+	 We do it in the In case too, except for an unchecked conversion
+	 because it alone can cause the actual to be misaligned and the
+	 addressability test is applied to the real object.  */
+      const bool suppress_type_conversion
+	= ((Nkind (gnat_actual) == N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion
+	    && Ekind (gnat_formal) != E_In_Parameter)
+	   || (Nkind (gnat_actual) == N_Type_Conversion
+	       && Is_Composite_Type (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_formal)))));
+      Node_Id gnat_name = suppress_type_conversion
+			  ? Expression (gnat_actual) : gnat_actual;
+      tree gnu_name = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_name), gnu_name_type;
+      tree gnu_actual;
+
+      /* If it's possible we may need to use this expression twice, make sure
+	 that any side-effects are handled via SAVE_EXPRs; likewise if we need
+	 to force side-effects before the call.
+	 ??? This is more conservative than we need since we don't need to do
+	 this for pass-by-ref with no conversion.  */
+      if (Ekind (gnat_formal) != E_In_Parameter)
+	gnu_name = gnat_stabilize_reference (gnu_name, true, NULL);
+
+      /* If we are passing a non-addressable parameter by reference, pass the
+	 address of a copy.  In the Out or In Out case, set up to copy back
+	 out after the call.  */
+      if (is_by_ref_formal_parm
+	  && (gnu_name_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_name)))
+	  && !addressable_p (gnu_name, gnu_name_type))
+	{
+	  bool in_param = (Ekind (gnat_formal) == E_In_Parameter);
+	  tree gnu_orig = gnu_name, gnu_temp, gnu_stmt;
+
+	  /* Do not issue warnings for CONSTRUCTORs since this is not a copy
+	     but sort of an instantiation for them.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_name) == CONSTRUCTOR)
+	    ;
+
+	  /* If the type is passed by reference, a copy is not allowed.  */
+	  else if (TYPE_IS_BY_REFERENCE_P (gnu_formal_type))
+	    post_error ("misaligned actual cannot be passed by reference",
+		        gnat_actual);
+
+	  /* For users of Starlet we issue a warning because the interface
+	     apparently assumes that by-ref parameters outlive the procedure
+	     invocation.  The code still will not work as intended, but we
+	     cannot do much better since low-level parts of the back-end
+	     would allocate temporaries at will because of the misalignment
+	     if we did not do so here.  */
+	  else if (Is_Valued_Procedure (Entity (Name (gnat_node))))
+	    {
+	      post_error
+		("?possible violation of implicit assumption", gnat_actual);
+	      post_error_ne
+		("?made by pragma Import_Valued_Procedure on &", gnat_actual,
+		 Entity (Name (gnat_node)));
+	      post_error_ne ("?because of misalignment of &", gnat_actual,
+			     gnat_formal);
+	    }
+
+	  /* If the actual type of the object is already the nominal type,
+	     we have nothing to do, except if the size is self-referential
+	     in which case we'll remove the unpadding below.  */
+	  if (TREE_TYPE (gnu_name) == gnu_name_type
+	      && !CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_name_type)))
+	    ;
+
+	  /* Otherwise remove the unpadding from all the objects.  */
+	  else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_name) == COMPONENT_REF
+		   && TYPE_IS_PADDING_P
+		      (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_name, 0))))
+	    gnu_orig = gnu_name = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_name, 0);
+
+	  /* Otherwise convert to the nominal type of the object if needed.
+	     There are several cases in which we need to make the temporary
+	     using this type instead of the actual type of the object when
+	     they are distinct, because the expectations of the callee would
+	     otherwise not be met:
+	       - if it's a justified modular type,
+	       - if the actual type is a smaller form of it,
+	       - if it's a smaller form of the actual type.  */
+	  else if ((TREE_CODE (gnu_name_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+		    && (TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (gnu_name_type)
+		        || smaller_form_type_p (TREE_TYPE (gnu_name),
+					        gnu_name_type)))
+		   || (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_name_type)
+		       && smaller_form_type_p (gnu_name_type,
+					       TREE_TYPE (gnu_name))))
+	    gnu_name = convert (gnu_name_type, gnu_name);
+
+	  /* If this is an In Out or Out parameter and we're returning a value,
+	     we need to create a temporary for the return value because we must
+	     preserve it before copying back at the very end.  */
+	  if (!in_param && returning_value && !gnu_retval)
+	    gnu_retval = create_temporary ("R", gnu_result_type);
+
+	  /* If we haven't pushed a binding level, push a new one.  This will
+	     narrow the lifetime of the temporary we are about to make as much
+	     as possible.  The drawback is that we'd need to create a temporary
+	     for the return value, if any (see comment before the loop).  So do
+	     it only when this temporary was already created just above.  */
+	  if (!pushed_binding_level && !(in_param && returning_value))
+	    {
+	      start_stmt_group ();
+	      gnat_pushlevel ();
+	      pushed_binding_level = true;
+	    }
+
+	  /* Create an explicit temporary holding the copy.  */
+	  gnu_temp
+	    = create_init_temporary ("A", gnu_name, &gnu_stmt, gnat_actual);
+
+	  /* But initialize it on the fly like for an implicit temporary as
+	     we aren't necessarily having a statement list.  */
+	  gnu_name = build_compound_expr (TREE_TYPE (gnu_name), gnu_stmt,
+					  gnu_temp);
+
+	  /* Set up to move the copy back to the original if needed.  */
+	  if (!in_param)
+	    {
+	      /* If the original is a COND_EXPR whose first arm isn't meant to
+		 be further used, just deal with the second arm.  This is very
+		 likely the conditional expression built for a check.  */
+	      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_orig) == COND_EXPR
+		  && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_orig, 1)) == COMPOUND_EXPR
+		  && integer_zerop
+		     (TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_orig, 1), 1)))
+		gnu_orig = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_orig, 2);
+
+	      gnu_stmt
+		= build_binary_op (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_orig, gnu_temp);
+	      set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_stmt, gnat_node);
+
+	      append_to_statement_list (gnu_stmt, &gnu_after_list);
+	    }
+	}
+
+      /* Start from the real object and build the actual.  */
+      gnu_actual = gnu_name;
+
+      /* If this is an atomic access of an In or In Out parameter for which
+	 synchronization is required, build the atomic load.  */
+      if (is_true_formal_parm
+	  && !is_by_ref_formal_parm
+	  && Ekind (gnat_formal) != E_Out_Parameter
+	  && atomic_sync_required_p (gnat_actual))
+	gnu_actual = build_atomic_load (gnu_actual);
+
+      /* If this was a procedure call, we may not have removed any padding.
+	 So do it here for the part we will use as an input, if any.  */
+      if (Ekind (gnat_formal) != E_Out_Parameter
+	  && TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_actual)))
+	gnu_actual
+	  = convert (get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_actual)), gnu_actual);
+
+      /* Put back the conversion we suppressed above in the computation of the
+	 real object.  And even if we didn't suppress any conversion there, we
+	 may have suppressed a conversion to the Etype of the actual earlier,
+	 since the parent is a procedure call, so put it back here.  */
+      if (suppress_type_conversion
+	  && Nkind (gnat_actual) == N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion)
+	gnu_actual
+	  = unchecked_convert (gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_actual)),
+			       gnu_actual, No_Truncation (gnat_actual));
+      else
+	gnu_actual
+	  = convert (gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_actual)), gnu_actual);
+
+      /* Make sure that the actual is in range of the formal's type.  */
+      if (Ekind (gnat_formal) != E_Out_Parameter
+	  && Do_Range_Check (gnat_actual))
+	gnu_actual
+	  = emit_range_check (gnu_actual, Etype (gnat_formal), gnat_actual);
+
+      /* Unless this is an In parameter, we must remove any justified modular
+	 building from GNU_NAME to get an lvalue.  */
+      if (Ekind (gnat_formal) != E_In_Parameter
+	  && TREE_CODE (gnu_name) == CONSTRUCTOR
+	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_name)) == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_name)))
+	gnu_name
+	  = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_name))), gnu_name);
+
+      /* First see if the parameter is passed by reference.  */
+      if (is_true_formal_parm && DECL_BY_REF_P (gnu_formal))
+	{
+	  if (Ekind (gnat_formal) != E_In_Parameter)
+	    {
+	      /* In Out or Out parameters passed by reference don't use the
+		 copy-in/copy-out mechanism so the address of the real object
+		 must be passed to the function.  */
+	      gnu_actual = gnu_name;
+
+	      /* If we have a padded type, be sure we've removed padding.  */
+	      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_actual)))
+		gnu_actual = convert (get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_actual)),
+				      gnu_actual);
+
+	      /* If we have the constructed subtype of an aliased object
+		 with an unconstrained nominal subtype, the type of the
+		 actual includes the template, although it is formally
+		 constrained.  So we need to convert it back to the real
+		 constructed subtype to retrieve the constrained part
+		 and takes its address.  */
+	      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_actual)) == RECORD_TYPE
+		  && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_actual))
+		  && Is_Constr_Subt_For_UN_Aliased (Etype (gnat_actual))
+		  && (Is_Array_Type (Etype (gnat_actual))
+		      || (Is_Private_Type (Etype (gnat_actual))
+			  && Is_Array_Type (Full_View (Etype (gnat_actual))))))
+		gnu_actual = convert (gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_actual)),
+				      gnu_actual);
+	    }
+
+	  /* There is no need to convert the actual to the formal's type before
+	     taking its address.  The only exception is for unconstrained array
+	     types because of the way we build fat pointers.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_formal_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+	    {
+	      /* Put back a view conversion for In Out or Out parameters.  */
+	      if (Ekind (gnat_formal) != E_In_Parameter)
+		gnu_actual = convert (gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (gnat_actual)),
+				      gnu_actual);
+	      gnu_actual = convert (gnu_formal_type, gnu_actual);
+	    }
+
+	  /* The symmetry of the paths to the type of an entity is broken here
+	     since arguments don't know that they will be passed by ref.  */
+	  gnu_formal_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_formal);
+	  gnu_actual = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, gnu_formal_type, gnu_actual);
+	}
+
+      /* Then see if the parameter is an array passed to a foreign convention
+	 subprogram.  */
+      else if (is_true_formal_parm && DECL_BY_COMPONENT_PTR_P (gnu_formal))
+	{
+	  gnu_formal_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_formal);
+	  gnu_actual = maybe_implicit_deref (gnu_actual);
+	  gnu_actual = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnu_actual);
+
+	  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_formal_type))
+	    {
+	      gnu_formal_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_formal_type));
+	      gnu_actual = convert (gnu_formal_type, gnu_actual);
+	    }
+
+	  /* Take the address of the object and convert to the proper pointer
+	     type.  We'd like to actually compute the address of the beginning
+	     of the array using an ADDR_EXPR of an ARRAY_REF, but there's a
+	     possibility that the ARRAY_REF might return a constant and we'd be
+	     getting the wrong address.  Neither approach is exactly correct,
+	     but this is the most likely to work in all cases.  */
+	  gnu_actual = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, gnu_formal_type, gnu_actual);
+	}
+
+      /* Then see if the parameter is passed by descriptor.  */
+      else if (is_true_formal_parm && DECL_BY_DESCRIPTOR_P (gnu_formal))
+	{
+	  gnu_actual = convert (gnu_formal_type, gnu_actual);
+
+	  /* If this is 'Null_Parameter, pass a zero descriptor.  */
+	  if ((TREE_CODE (gnu_actual) == INDIRECT_REF
+	       || TREE_CODE (gnu_actual) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF)
+	      && TREE_PRIVATE (gnu_actual))
+	    gnu_actual
+	      = convert (DECL_ARG_TYPE (gnu_formal), integer_zero_node);
+	  else
+	    gnu_actual = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+					 fill_vms_descriptor
+					 (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_formal)),
+					  gnu_actual, gnat_actual));
+	}
+
+      /* Otherwise the parameter is passed by copy.  */
+      else
+	{
+	  tree gnu_size;
+
+	  if (Ekind (gnat_formal) != E_In_Parameter)
+	    gnu_name_list = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, gnu_name, gnu_name_list);
+
+	  /* If we didn't create a PARM_DECL for the formal, this means that
+	     it is an Out parameter not passed by reference and that need not
+	     be copied in.  In this case, the value of the actual need not be
+	     read.  However, we still need to make sure that its side-effects
+	     are evaluated before the call, so we evaluate its address.  */
+	  if (!is_true_formal_parm)
+	    {
+	      if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_name))
+		{
+		  tree addr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_name);
+		  append_to_statement_list (addr, &gnu_stmt_list);
+		}
+	      continue;
+	    }
+
+	  gnu_actual = convert (gnu_formal_type, gnu_actual);
+
+	  /* If this is 'Null_Parameter, pass a zero even though we are
+	     dereferencing it.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_actual) == INDIRECT_REF
+	      && TREE_PRIVATE (gnu_actual)
+	      && (gnu_size = TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_actual)))
+	      && TREE_CODE (gnu_size) == INTEGER_CST
+	      && compare_tree_int (gnu_size, BITS_PER_WORD) <= 0)
+	    gnu_actual
+	      = unchecked_convert (DECL_ARG_TYPE (gnu_formal),
+				   convert (gnat_type_for_size
+					    (TREE_INT_CST_LOW (gnu_size), 1),
+					    integer_zero_node),
+				   false);
+	  else
+	    gnu_actual = convert (DECL_ARG_TYPE (gnu_formal), gnu_actual);
+	}
+
+      vec_safe_push (gnu_actual_vec, gnu_actual);
+    }
+
+  gnu_call
+    = build_call_vec (gnu_result_type, gnu_subprog_addr, gnu_actual_vec);
+  set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_call, gnat_node);
+
+  /* If we have created a temporary for the return value, initialize it.  */
+  if (gnu_retval)
+    {
+      tree gnu_stmt
+	= build_binary_op (INIT_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_retval, gnu_call);
+      set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_stmt, gnat_node);
+      append_to_statement_list (gnu_stmt, &gnu_stmt_list);
+      gnu_call = gnu_retval;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is a subprogram with copy-in/copy-out parameters, we need to
+     unpack the valued returned from the function into the In Out or Out
+     parameters.  We deal with the function return (if this is an Ada
+     function) below.  */
+  if (TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (gnu_subprog_type))
+    {
+      /* List of FIELD_DECLs associated with the PARM_DECLs of the copy-in/
+	 copy-out parameters.  */
+      tree gnu_cico_list = TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (gnu_subprog_type);
+      const int length = list_length (gnu_cico_list);
+
+      /* The call sequence must contain one and only one call, even though the
+	 function is pure.  Save the result into a temporary if needed.  */
+      if (length > 1)
+	{
+	  if (!gnu_retval)
+	    {
+	      tree gnu_stmt;
+	      /* If we haven't pushed a binding level, push a new one.  This
+		 will narrow the lifetime of the temporary we are about to
+		 make as much as possible.  */
+	      if (!pushed_binding_level)
+		{
+		  start_stmt_group ();
+		  gnat_pushlevel ();
+		  pushed_binding_level = true;
+	        }
+	      gnu_call
+		= create_init_temporary ("P", gnu_call, &gnu_stmt, gnat_node);
+	      append_to_statement_list (gnu_stmt, &gnu_stmt_list);
+	    }
+
+	  gnu_name_list = nreverse (gnu_name_list);
+	}
+
+      /* The first entry is for the actual return value if this is a
+	 function, so skip it.  */
+      if (function_call)
+	gnu_cico_list = TREE_CHAIN (gnu_cico_list);
+
+      if (Nkind (Name (gnat_node)) == N_Explicit_Dereference)
+	gnat_formal = First_Formal_With_Extras (Etype (Name (gnat_node)));
+      else
+	gnat_formal = First_Formal_With_Extras (Entity (Name (gnat_node)));
+
+      for (gnat_actual = First_Actual (gnat_node);
+	   Present (gnat_actual);
+	   gnat_formal = Next_Formal_With_Extras (gnat_formal),
+	   gnat_actual = Next_Actual (gnat_actual))
+	/* If we are dealing with a copy-in/copy-out parameter, we must
+	   retrieve its value from the record returned in the call.  */
+	if (!(present_gnu_tree (gnat_formal)
+	      && TREE_CODE (get_gnu_tree (gnat_formal)) == PARM_DECL
+	      && (DECL_BY_REF_P (get_gnu_tree (gnat_formal))
+		  || (TREE_CODE (get_gnu_tree (gnat_formal)) == PARM_DECL
+		      && ((DECL_BY_COMPONENT_PTR_P (get_gnu_tree (gnat_formal))
+			   || (DECL_BY_DESCRIPTOR_P
+			       (get_gnu_tree (gnat_formal))))))))
+	    && Ekind (gnat_formal) != E_In_Parameter)
+	  {
+	    /* Get the value to assign to this Out or In Out parameter.  It is
+	       either the result of the function if there is only a single such
+	       parameter or the appropriate field from the record returned.  */
+	    tree gnu_result
+	      = length == 1
+		? gnu_call
+		: build_component_ref (gnu_call, NULL_TREE,
+				       TREE_PURPOSE (gnu_cico_list), false);
+
+	    /* If the actual is a conversion, get the inner expression, which
+	       will be the real destination, and convert the result to the
+	       type of the actual parameter.  */
+	    tree gnu_actual
+	      = maybe_unconstrained_array (TREE_VALUE (gnu_name_list));
+
+	    /* If the result is a padded type, remove the padding.  */
+	    if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result)))
+	      gnu_result
+		= convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))),
+			   gnu_result);
+
+	    /* If the actual is a type conversion, the real target object is
+	       denoted by the inner Expression and we need to convert the
+	       result to the associated type.
+	       We also need to convert our gnu assignment target to this type
+	       if the corresponding GNU_NAME was constructed from the GNAT
+	       conversion node and not from the inner Expression.  */
+	    if (Nkind (gnat_actual) == N_Type_Conversion)
+	      {
+		gnu_result
+		  = convert_with_check
+		    (Etype (Expression (gnat_actual)), gnu_result,
+		     Do_Overflow_Check (gnat_actual),
+		     Do_Range_Check (Expression (gnat_actual)),
+		     Float_Truncate (gnat_actual), gnat_actual);
+
+		if (!Is_Composite_Type (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_formal))))
+		  gnu_actual = convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result), gnu_actual);
+	      }
+
+	    /* Unchecked conversions as actuals for Out parameters are not
+	       allowed in user code because they are not variables, but do
+	       occur in front-end expansions.  The associated GNU_NAME is
+	       always obtained from the inner expression in such cases.  */
+	    else if (Nkind (gnat_actual) == N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion)
+	      gnu_result = unchecked_convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_actual),
+					      gnu_result,
+					      No_Truncation (gnat_actual));
+	    else
+	      {
+		if (Do_Range_Check (gnat_actual))
+		  gnu_result
+		    = emit_range_check (gnu_result, Etype (gnat_actual),
+					gnat_actual);
+
+		if (!(!TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_actual)))
+		      && TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result)))))
+		  gnu_result = convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_actual), gnu_result);
+	      }
+
+	    if (atomic_sync_required_p (gnat_actual))
+	      gnu_result = build_atomic_store (gnu_actual, gnu_result);
+	    else
+	      gnu_result = build_binary_op (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+					    gnu_actual, gnu_result);
+	    set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_result, gnat_node);
+	    append_to_statement_list (gnu_result, &gnu_stmt_list);
+	    gnu_cico_list = TREE_CHAIN (gnu_cico_list);
+	    gnu_name_list = TREE_CHAIN (gnu_name_list);
+	  }
+    }
+
+  /* If this is a function call, the result is the call expression unless a
+     target is specified, in which case we copy the result into the target
+     and return the assignment statement.  */
+  if (function_call)
+    {
+      /* If this is a function with copy-in/copy-out parameters, extract the
+	 return value from it and update the return type.  */
+      if (TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (gnu_subprog_type))
+	{
+	  tree gnu_elmt = TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (gnu_subprog_type);
+	  gnu_call = build_component_ref (gnu_call, NULL_TREE,
+					  TREE_PURPOSE (gnu_elmt), false);
+	  gnu_result_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_call);
+	}
+
+      /* If the function returns an unconstrained array or by direct reference,
+	 we have to dereference the pointer.  */
+      if (TYPE_RETURN_UNCONSTRAINED_P (gnu_subprog_type)
+	  || TYPE_RETURN_BY_DIRECT_REF_P (gnu_subprog_type))
+	gnu_call = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, gnu_call);
+
+      if (gnu_target)
+	{
+	  Node_Id gnat_parent = Parent (gnat_node);
+	  enum tree_code op_code;
+
+	  /* If range check is needed, emit code to generate it.  */
+	  if (Do_Range_Check (gnat_node))
+	    gnu_call
+	      = emit_range_check (gnu_call, Etype (Name (gnat_parent)),
+				  gnat_parent);
+
+	  /* ??? If the return type has variable size, then force the return
+	     slot optimization as we would not be able to create a temporary.
+	     Likewise if it was unconstrained as we would copy too much data.
+	     That's what has been done historically.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_result_type)) != INTEGER_CST
+	      || (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (gnu_result_type)
+		  && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P
+		     (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_result_type))))))
+	    op_code = INIT_EXPR;
+	  else
+	    op_code = MODIFY_EXPR;
+
+	  if (atomic_sync)
+	    gnu_call = build_atomic_store (gnu_target, gnu_call);
+	  else
+	    gnu_call
+	      = build_binary_op (op_code, NULL_TREE, gnu_target, gnu_call);
+	  set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_call, gnat_parent);
+	  append_to_statement_list (gnu_call, &gnu_stmt_list);
+	}
+      else
+	*gnu_result_type_p = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+    }
+
+  /* Otherwise, if this is a procedure call statement without copy-in/copy-out
+     parameters, the result is just the call statement.  */
+  else if (!TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (gnu_subprog_type))
+    append_to_statement_list (gnu_call, &gnu_stmt_list);
+
+  /* Finally, add the copy back statements, if any.  */
+  append_to_statement_list (gnu_after_list, &gnu_stmt_list);
+
+  if (went_into_elab_proc)
+    current_function_decl = NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* If we have pushed a binding level, pop it and finish up the enclosing
+     statement group.  */
+  if (pushed_binding_level)
+    {
+      add_stmt (gnu_stmt_list);
+      gnat_poplevel ();
+      gnu_result = end_stmt_group ();
+    }
+
+  /* Otherwise, retrieve the statement list, if any.  */
+  else if (gnu_stmt_list)
+    gnu_result = gnu_stmt_list;
+
+  /* Otherwise, just return the call expression.  */
+  else
+    return gnu_call;
+
+  /* If we nevertheless need a value, make a COMPOUND_EXPR to return it.
+     But first simplify if we have only one statement in the list.  */
+  if (returning_value)
+    {
+      tree first = expr_first (gnu_result), last = expr_last (gnu_result);
+      if (first == last)
+	gnu_result = first;
+      gnu_result
+	= build_compound_expr (TREE_TYPE (gnu_call), gnu_result, gnu_call);
+    }
+
+  return gnu_result;
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to translate gnat_node, an
+   N_Handled_Sequence_Of_Statements, to a GCC tree, which is returned.  */
+
+static tree
+Handled_Sequence_Of_Statements_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree gnu_jmpsave_decl = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_jmpbuf_decl = NULL_TREE;
+  /* If just annotating, ignore all EH and cleanups.  */
+  bool gcc_zcx = (!type_annotate_only
+		  && Present (Exception_Handlers (gnat_node))
+		  && Exception_Mechanism == Back_End_Exceptions);
+  bool setjmp_longjmp
+    = (!type_annotate_only && Present (Exception_Handlers (gnat_node))
+       && Exception_Mechanism == Setjmp_Longjmp);
+  bool at_end = !type_annotate_only && Present (At_End_Proc (gnat_node));
+  bool binding_for_block = (at_end || gcc_zcx || setjmp_longjmp);
+  tree gnu_inner_block; /* The statement(s) for the block itself.  */
+  tree gnu_result;
+  tree gnu_expr;
+  Node_Id gnat_temp;
+  /* Node providing the sloc for the cleanup actions.  */
+  Node_Id gnat_cleanup_loc_node = (Present (End_Label (gnat_node)) ?
+                                   End_Label (gnat_node) :
+                                   gnat_node);
+
+  /* The GCC exception handling mechanism can handle both ZCX and SJLJ schemes
+     and we have our own SJLJ mechanism.  To call the GCC mechanism, we call
+     add_cleanup, and when we leave the binding, end_stmt_group will create
+     the TRY_FINALLY_EXPR.
+
+     ??? The region level calls down there have been specifically put in place
+     for a ZCX context and currently the order in which things are emitted
+     (region/handlers) is different from the SJLJ case. Instead of putting
+     other calls with different conditions at other places for the SJLJ case,
+     it seems cleaner to reorder things for the SJLJ case and generalize the
+     condition to make it not ZCX specific.
+
+     If there are any exceptions or cleanup processing involved, we need an
+     outer statement group (for Setjmp_Longjmp) and binding level.  */
+  if (binding_for_block)
+    {
+      start_stmt_group ();
+      gnat_pushlevel ();
+    }
+
+  /* If using setjmp_longjmp, make the variables for the setjmp buffer and save
+     area for address of previous buffer.  Do this first since we need to have
+     the setjmp buf known for any decls in this block.  */
+  if (setjmp_longjmp)
+    {
+      gnu_jmpsave_decl
+	= create_var_decl (get_identifier ("JMPBUF_SAVE"), NULL_TREE,
+			   jmpbuf_ptr_type,
+			   build_call_n_expr (get_jmpbuf_decl, 0),
+			   false, false, false, false, NULL, gnat_node);
+      DECL_ARTIFICIAL (gnu_jmpsave_decl) = 1;
+
+      /* The __builtin_setjmp receivers will immediately reinstall it.  Now
+	 because of the unstructured form of EH used by setjmp_longjmp, there
+	 might be forward edges going to __builtin_setjmp receivers on which
+	 it is uninitialized, although they will never be actually taken.  */
+      TREE_NO_WARNING (gnu_jmpsave_decl) = 1;
+      gnu_jmpbuf_decl
+	= create_var_decl (get_identifier ("JMP_BUF"), NULL_TREE,
+			   jmpbuf_type,
+			   NULL_TREE,
+			   false, false, false, false, NULL, gnat_node);
+      DECL_ARTIFICIAL (gnu_jmpbuf_decl) = 1;
+
+      set_block_jmpbuf_decl (gnu_jmpbuf_decl);
+
+      /* When we exit this block, restore the saved value.  */
+      add_cleanup (build_call_n_expr (set_jmpbuf_decl, 1, gnu_jmpsave_decl),
+		   gnat_cleanup_loc_node);
+    }
+
+  /* If we are to call a function when exiting this block, add a cleanup
+     to the binding level we made above.  Note that add_cleanup is FIFO
+     so we must register this cleanup after the EH cleanup just above.  */
+  if (at_end)
+    add_cleanup (build_call_n_expr (gnat_to_gnu (At_End_Proc (gnat_node)), 0),
+		 gnat_cleanup_loc_node);
+
+  /* Now build the tree for the declarations and statements inside this block.
+     If this is SJLJ, set our jmp_buf as the current buffer.  */
+  start_stmt_group ();
+
+  if (setjmp_longjmp)
+    add_stmt (build_call_n_expr (set_jmpbuf_decl, 1,
+				 build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+						 gnu_jmpbuf_decl)));
+
+  if (Present (First_Real_Statement (gnat_node)))
+    process_decls (Statements (gnat_node), Empty,
+		   First_Real_Statement (gnat_node), true, true);
+
+  /* Generate code for each statement in the block.  */
+  for (gnat_temp = (Present (First_Real_Statement (gnat_node))
+		    ? First_Real_Statement (gnat_node)
+		    : First (Statements (gnat_node)));
+       Present (gnat_temp); gnat_temp = Next (gnat_temp))
+    add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (gnat_temp));
+  gnu_inner_block = end_stmt_group ();
+
+  /* Now generate code for the two exception models, if either is relevant for
+     this block.  */
+  if (setjmp_longjmp)
+    {
+      tree *gnu_else_ptr = 0;
+      tree gnu_handler;
+
+      /* Make a binding level for the exception handling declarations and code
+	 and set up gnu_except_ptr_stack for the handlers to use.  */
+      start_stmt_group ();
+      gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+      vec_safe_push (gnu_except_ptr_stack,
+		     create_var_decl (get_identifier ("EXCEPT_PTR"), NULL_TREE,
+				      build_pointer_type (except_type_node),
+				      build_call_n_expr (get_excptr_decl, 0),
+				      false, false, false, false,
+				      NULL, gnat_node));
+
+      /* Generate code for each handler. The N_Exception_Handler case does the
+	 real work and returns a COND_EXPR for each handler, which we chain
+	 together here.  */
+      for (gnat_temp = First_Non_Pragma (Exception_Handlers (gnat_node));
+	   Present (gnat_temp); gnat_temp = Next_Non_Pragma (gnat_temp))
+	{
+	  gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_temp);
+
+	  /* If this is the first one, set it as the outer one. Otherwise,
+	     point the "else" part of the previous handler to us. Then point
+	     to our "else" part.  */
+	  if (!gnu_else_ptr)
+	    add_stmt (gnu_expr);
+	  else
+	    *gnu_else_ptr = gnu_expr;
+
+	  gnu_else_ptr = &COND_EXPR_ELSE (gnu_expr);
+	}
+
+      /* If none of the exception handlers did anything, re-raise but do not
+	 defer abortion.  */
+      gnu_expr = build_call_n_expr (raise_nodefer_decl, 1,
+				    gnu_except_ptr_stack->last ());
+      set_expr_location_from_node
+	(gnu_expr,
+	 Present (End_Label (gnat_node)) ? End_Label (gnat_node) : gnat_node);
+
+      if (gnu_else_ptr)
+	*gnu_else_ptr = gnu_expr;
+      else
+	add_stmt (gnu_expr);
+
+      /* End the binding level dedicated to the exception handlers and get the
+	 whole statement group.  */
+      gnu_except_ptr_stack->pop ();
+      gnat_poplevel ();
+      gnu_handler = end_stmt_group ();
+
+      /* If the setjmp returns 1, we restore our incoming longjmp value and
+	 then check the handlers.  */
+      start_stmt_group ();
+      add_stmt_with_node (build_call_n_expr (set_jmpbuf_decl, 1,
+					     gnu_jmpsave_decl),
+			  gnat_node);
+      add_stmt (gnu_handler);
+      gnu_handler = end_stmt_group ();
+
+      /* This block is now "if (setjmp) ... <handlers> else <block>".  */
+      gnu_result = build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node,
+			   (build_call_n_expr
+			    (setjmp_decl, 1,
+			     build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+					     gnu_jmpbuf_decl))),
+			   gnu_handler, gnu_inner_block);
+    }
+  else if (gcc_zcx)
+    {
+      tree gnu_handlers;
+      location_t locus;
+
+      /* First make a block containing the handlers.  */
+      start_stmt_group ();
+      for (gnat_temp = First_Non_Pragma (Exception_Handlers (gnat_node));
+	   Present (gnat_temp);
+	   gnat_temp = Next_Non_Pragma (gnat_temp))
+	add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (gnat_temp));
+      gnu_handlers = end_stmt_group ();
+
+      /* Now make the TRY_CATCH_EXPR for the block.  */
+      gnu_result = build2 (TRY_CATCH_EXPR, void_type_node,
+			   gnu_inner_block, gnu_handlers);
+      /* Set a location.  We need to find a unique location for the dispatching
+	 code, otherwise we can get coverage or debugging issues.  Try with
+	 the location of the end label.  */
+      if (Present (End_Label (gnat_node))
+	  && Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (End_Label (gnat_node)), &locus))
+	SET_EXPR_LOCATION (gnu_result, locus);
+      else
+        /* Clear column information so that the exception handler of an
+           implicit transient block does not incorrectly inherit the slocs
+           of a decision, which would otherwise confuse control flow based
+           coverage analysis tools.  */
+	set_expr_location_from_node1 (gnu_result, gnat_node, true);
+    }
+  else
+    gnu_result = gnu_inner_block;
+
+  /* Now close our outer block, if we had to make one.  */
+  if (binding_for_block)
+    {
+      add_stmt (gnu_result);
+      gnat_poplevel ();
+      gnu_result = end_stmt_group ();
+    }
+
+  return gnu_result;
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to translate gnat_node, an N_Exception_Handler,
+   to a GCC tree, which is returned.  This is the variant for Setjmp_Longjmp
+   exception handling.  */
+
+static tree
+Exception_Handler_to_gnu_sjlj (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  /* Unless this is "Others" or the special "Non-Ada" exception for Ada, make
+     an "if" statement to select the proper exceptions.  For "Others", exclude
+     exceptions where Handled_By_Others is nonzero unless the All_Others flag
+     is set. For "Non-ada", accept an exception if "Lang" is 'V'.  */
+  tree gnu_choice = boolean_false_node;
+  tree gnu_body = build_stmt_group (Statements (gnat_node), false);
+  Node_Id gnat_temp;
+
+  for (gnat_temp = First (Exception_Choices (gnat_node));
+       gnat_temp; gnat_temp = Next (gnat_temp))
+    {
+      tree this_choice;
+
+      if (Nkind (gnat_temp) == N_Others_Choice)
+	{
+	  if (All_Others (gnat_temp))
+	    this_choice = boolean_true_node;
+	  else
+	    this_choice
+	      = build_binary_op
+		(EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+		 convert
+		 (integer_type_node,
+		  build_component_ref
+		  (build_unary_op
+		   (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+		    gnu_except_ptr_stack->last ()),
+		   get_identifier ("not_handled_by_others"), NULL_TREE,
+		   false)),
+		 integer_zero_node);
+	}
+
+      else if (Nkind (gnat_temp) == N_Identifier
+	       || Nkind (gnat_temp) == N_Expanded_Name)
+	{
+	  Entity_Id gnat_ex_id = Entity (gnat_temp);
+	  tree gnu_expr;
+
+	  /* Exception may be a renaming. Recover original exception which is
+	     the one elaborated and registered.  */
+	  if (Present (Renamed_Object (gnat_ex_id)))
+	    gnat_ex_id = Renamed_Object (gnat_ex_id);
+
+	  gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_ex_id, NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+	  this_choice
+	    = build_binary_op
+	      (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+	       gnu_except_ptr_stack->last (),
+	       convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_except_ptr_stack->last ()),
+			build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_expr)));
+
+	  /* If this is the distinguished exception "Non_Ada_Error" (and we are
+	     in VMS mode), also allow a non-Ada exception (a VMS condition) t
+	     match.  */
+	  if (Is_Non_Ada_Error (Entity (gnat_temp)))
+	    {
+	      tree gnu_comp
+		= build_component_ref
+		  (build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+				   gnu_except_ptr_stack->last ()),
+		   get_identifier ("lang"), NULL_TREE, false);
+
+	      this_choice
+		= build_binary_op
+		  (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+		   build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node, gnu_comp,
+				    build_int_cst (TREE_TYPE (gnu_comp), 'V')),
+		   this_choice);
+	    }
+	}
+      else
+	gcc_unreachable ();
+
+      gnu_choice = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				    gnu_choice, this_choice);
+    }
+
+  return build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node, gnu_choice, gnu_body, NULL_TREE);
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to translate gnat_node, an N_Exception_Handler,
+   to a GCC tree, which is returned.  This is the variant for ZCX.  */
+
+static tree
+Exception_Handler_to_gnu_zcx (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree gnu_etypes_list = NULL_TREE;
+  tree gnu_current_exc_ptr, prev_gnu_incoming_exc_ptr;
+  Node_Id gnat_temp;
+
+  /* We build a TREE_LIST of nodes representing what exception types this
+     handler can catch, with special cases for others and all others cases.
+
+     Each exception type is actually identified by a pointer to the exception
+     id, or to a dummy object for "others" and "all others".  */
+  for (gnat_temp = First (Exception_Choices (gnat_node));
+       gnat_temp; gnat_temp = Next (gnat_temp))
+    {
+      tree gnu_expr, gnu_etype;
+
+      if (Nkind (gnat_temp) == N_Others_Choice)
+	{
+	  gnu_expr = All_Others (gnat_temp) ? all_others_decl : others_decl;
+	  gnu_etype = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_expr);
+	}
+      else if (Nkind (gnat_temp) == N_Identifier
+	       || Nkind (gnat_temp) == N_Expanded_Name)
+	{
+	  Entity_Id gnat_ex_id = Entity (gnat_temp);
+
+	  /* Exception may be a renaming.  Recover original exception which is
+	     the one elaborated and registered.  */
+	  if (Present (Renamed_Object (gnat_ex_id)))
+	    gnat_ex_id = Renamed_Object (gnat_ex_id);
+
+	  gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_ex_id, NULL_TREE, 0);
+	  gnu_etype = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_expr);
+
+	  /* The Non_Ada_Error case for VMS exceptions is handled
+	     by the personality routine.  */
+	}
+      else
+	gcc_unreachable ();
+
+      /* The GCC interface expects NULL to be passed for catch all handlers, so
+	 it would be quite tempting to set gnu_etypes_list to NULL if gnu_etype
+	 is integer_zero_node.  It would not work, however, because GCC's
+	 notion of "catch all" is stronger than our notion of "others".  Until
+	 we correctly use the cleanup interface as well, doing that would
+	 prevent the "all others" handlers from being seen, because nothing
+	 can be caught beyond a catch all from GCC's point of view.  */
+      gnu_etypes_list = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, gnu_etype, gnu_etypes_list);
+    }
+
+  start_stmt_group ();
+  gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+  /* Expand a call to the begin_handler hook at the beginning of the handler,
+     and arrange for a call to the end_handler hook to occur on every possible
+     exit path.
+
+     The hooks expect a pointer to the low level occurrence. This is required
+     for our stack management scheme because a raise inside the handler pushes
+     a new occurrence on top of the stack, which means that this top does not
+     necessarily match the occurrence this handler was dealing with.
+
+     __builtin_eh_pointer references the exception occurrence being
+     propagated. Upon handler entry, this is the exception for which the
+     handler is triggered. This might not be the case upon handler exit,
+     however, as we might have a new occurrence propagated by the handler's
+     body, and the end_handler hook called as a cleanup in this context.
+
+     We use a local variable to retrieve the incoming value at handler entry
+     time, and reuse it to feed the end_handler hook's argument at exit.  */
+
+  gnu_current_exc_ptr
+    = build_call_expr (builtin_decl_explicit (BUILT_IN_EH_POINTER),
+		       1, integer_zero_node);
+  prev_gnu_incoming_exc_ptr = gnu_incoming_exc_ptr;
+  gnu_incoming_exc_ptr = create_var_decl (get_identifier ("EXPTR"), NULL_TREE,
+					  ptr_type_node, gnu_current_exc_ptr,
+					  false, false, false, false,
+					  NULL, gnat_node);
+
+  add_stmt_with_node (build_call_n_expr (begin_handler_decl, 1,
+					 gnu_incoming_exc_ptr),
+		      gnat_node);
+
+  /* Declare and initialize the choice parameter, if present.  */
+  if (Present (Choice_Parameter (gnat_node)))
+    {
+      tree gnu_param
+	= gnat_to_gnu_entity (Choice_Parameter (gnat_node), NULL_TREE, 1);
+
+      add_stmt (build_call_n_expr
+		(set_exception_parameter_decl, 2,
+		 build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_param),
+		 gnu_incoming_exc_ptr));
+    }
+
+  /* We don't have an End_Label at hand to set the location of the cleanup
+     actions, so we use that of the exception handler itself instead.  */
+  add_cleanup (build_call_n_expr (end_handler_decl, 1, gnu_incoming_exc_ptr),
+	       gnat_node);
+  add_stmt_list (Statements (gnat_node));
+  gnat_poplevel ();
+
+  gnu_incoming_exc_ptr = prev_gnu_incoming_exc_ptr;
+
+  return
+    build2 (CATCH_EXPR, void_type_node, gnu_etypes_list, end_stmt_group ());
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to generate code for an N_Compilation unit.  */
+
+static void
+Compilation_Unit_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  const Node_Id gnat_unit = Unit (gnat_node);
+  const bool body_p = (Nkind (gnat_unit) == N_Package_Body
+		       || Nkind (gnat_unit) == N_Subprogram_Body);
+  const Entity_Id gnat_unit_entity = Defining_Entity (gnat_unit);
+  Node_Id gnat_pragma;
+  /* Make the decl for the elaboration procedure.  */
+  tree gnu_elab_proc_decl
+    = create_subprog_decl
+      (create_concat_name (gnat_unit_entity, body_p ? "elabb" : "elabs"),
+       NULL_TREE, void_ftype, NULL_TREE, is_disabled, true, false, true, NULL,
+       gnat_unit);
+  struct elab_info *info;
+
+  vec_safe_push (gnu_elab_proc_stack, gnu_elab_proc_decl);
+  DECL_ELABORATION_PROC_P (gnu_elab_proc_decl) = 1;
+
+  /* Initialize the information structure for the function.  */
+  allocate_struct_function (gnu_elab_proc_decl, false);
+  set_cfun (NULL);
+
+  current_function_decl = NULL_TREE;
+
+  start_stmt_group ();
+  gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+  /* For a body, first process the spec if there is one.  */
+  if (Nkind (gnat_unit) == N_Package_Body
+      || (Nkind (gnat_unit) == N_Subprogram_Body && !Acts_As_Spec (gnat_node)))
+    add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (Library_Unit (gnat_node)));
+
+  if (type_annotate_only && gnat_node == Cunit (Main_Unit))
+    {
+      elaborate_all_entities (gnat_node);
+
+      if (Nkind (gnat_unit) == N_Subprogram_Declaration
+	  || Nkind (gnat_unit) == N_Generic_Package_Declaration
+	  || Nkind (gnat_unit) == N_Generic_Subprogram_Declaration)
+	return;
+    }
+
+  /* Then process any pragmas and declarations preceding the unit.  */
+  for (gnat_pragma = First (Context_Items (gnat_node));
+       Present (gnat_pragma);
+       gnat_pragma = Next (gnat_pragma))
+    if (Nkind (gnat_pragma) == N_Pragma)
+      add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (gnat_pragma));
+  process_decls (Declarations (Aux_Decls_Node (gnat_node)), Empty, Empty,
+		 true, true);
+
+  /* Process the unit itself.  */
+  add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (gnat_unit));
+
+  /* If we can inline, generate code for all the inlined subprograms.  */
+  if (optimize)
+    {
+      Entity_Id gnat_entity;
+
+      for (gnat_entity = First_Inlined_Subprogram (gnat_node);
+	   Present (gnat_entity);
+	   gnat_entity = Next_Inlined_Subprogram (gnat_entity))
+	{
+	  Node_Id gnat_body = Parent (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity));
+
+	  if (Nkind (gnat_body) != N_Subprogram_Body)
+	    {
+	      /* ??? This really should always be present.  */
+	      if (No (Corresponding_Body (gnat_body)))
+		continue;
+	      gnat_body
+		= Parent (Declaration_Node (Corresponding_Body (gnat_body)));
+	    }
+
+	  if (Present (gnat_body))
+	    {
+	      /* Define the entity first so we set DECL_EXTERNAL.  */
+	      gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_entity, NULL_TREE, 0);
+	      add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (gnat_body));
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Process any pragmas and actions following the unit.  */
+  add_stmt_list (Pragmas_After (Aux_Decls_Node (gnat_node)));
+  add_stmt_list (Actions (Aux_Decls_Node (gnat_node)));
+  finalize_from_limited_with ();
+
+  /* Save away what we've made so far and record this potential elaboration
+     procedure.  */
+  info = ggc_alloc_elab_info ();
+  set_current_block_context (gnu_elab_proc_decl);
+  gnat_poplevel ();
+  DECL_SAVED_TREE (gnu_elab_proc_decl) = end_stmt_group ();
+
+  set_end_locus_from_node (gnu_elab_proc_decl, gnat_unit);
+
+  info->next = elab_info_list;
+  info->elab_proc = gnu_elab_proc_decl;
+  info->gnat_node = gnat_node;
+  elab_info_list = info;
+
+  /* Generate elaboration code for this unit, if necessary, and say whether
+     we did or not.  */
+  gnu_elab_proc_stack->pop ();
+
+  /* Invalidate the global renaming pointers.  This is necessary because
+     stabilization of the renamed entities may create SAVE_EXPRs which
+     have been tied to a specific elaboration routine just above.  */
+  invalidate_global_renaming_pointers ();
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of gnat_to_gnu to translate gnat_node, an N_Raise_xxx_Error,
+   to a GCC tree, which is returned.  GNU_RESULT_TYPE_P is a pointer to where
+   we should place the result type.  LABEL_P is true if there is a label to
+   branch to for the exception.  */
+
+static tree
+Raise_Error_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node, tree *gnu_result_type_p)
+{
+  const Node_Kind kind = Nkind (gnat_node);
+  const int reason = UI_To_Int (Reason (gnat_node));
+  const Node_Id gnat_cond = Condition (gnat_node);
+  const bool with_extra_info
+    = Exception_Extra_Info
+      && !No_Exception_Handlers_Set ()
+      && !get_exception_label (kind);
+  tree gnu_result = NULL_TREE, gnu_cond = NULL_TREE;
+
+  *gnu_result_type_p = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+  switch (reason)
+    {
+    case CE_Access_Check_Failed:
+      if (with_extra_info)
+	gnu_result = build_call_raise_column (reason, gnat_node);
+      break;
+
+    case CE_Index_Check_Failed:
+    case CE_Range_Check_Failed:
+    case CE_Invalid_Data:
+      if (Present (gnat_cond) && Nkind (gnat_cond) == N_Op_Not)
+	{
+	  Node_Id gnat_range, gnat_index, gnat_type;
+	  tree gnu_index, gnu_low_bound, gnu_high_bound;
+	  struct range_check_info_d *rci;
+
+	  switch (Nkind (Right_Opnd (gnat_cond)))
+	    {
+	    case N_In:
+	      gnat_range = Right_Opnd (Right_Opnd (gnat_cond));
+	      gcc_assert (Nkind (gnat_range) == N_Range);
+	      gnu_low_bound = gnat_to_gnu (Low_Bound (gnat_range));
+	      gnu_high_bound = gnat_to_gnu (High_Bound (gnat_range));
+	      break;
+
+	    case N_Op_Ge:
+	      gnu_low_bound = gnat_to_gnu (Right_Opnd (Right_Opnd (gnat_cond)));
+	      gnu_high_bound = NULL_TREE;
+	      break;
+
+	    case N_Op_Le:
+	      gnu_low_bound = NULL_TREE;
+	      gnu_high_bound = gnat_to_gnu (Right_Opnd (Right_Opnd (gnat_cond)));
+	      break;
+
+	    default:
+	      goto common;
+	    }
+
+	  gnat_index = Left_Opnd (Right_Opnd (gnat_cond));
+	  gnat_type = Etype (gnat_index);
+	  gnu_index = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_index);
+
+	  if (with_extra_info
+	      && gnu_low_bound
+	      && gnu_high_bound
+	      && Known_Esize (gnat_type)
+	      && UI_To_Int (Esize (gnat_type)) <= 32)
+	    gnu_result
+	      = build_call_raise_range (reason, gnat_node, gnu_index,
+					gnu_low_bound, gnu_high_bound);
+
+	  /* If loop unswitching is enabled, we try to compute invariant
+	     conditions for checks applied to iteration variables, i.e.
+	     conditions that are both independent of the variable and
+	     necessary in order for the check to fail in the course of
+	     some iteration, and prepend them to the original condition
+	     of the checks.  This will make it possible later for the
+	     loop unswitching pass to replace the loop with two loops,
+	     one of which has the checks eliminated and the other has
+	     the original checks reinstated, and a run time selection.
+	     The former loop will be suitable for vectorization.  */
+	  if (flag_unswitch_loops
+	      && (!gnu_low_bound
+		  || (gnu_low_bound = gnat_invariant_expr (gnu_low_bound)))
+	      && (!gnu_high_bound
+		  || (gnu_high_bound = gnat_invariant_expr (gnu_high_bound)))
+	      && (rci = push_range_check_info (gnu_index)))
+	    {
+	      rci->low_bound = gnu_low_bound;
+	      rci->high_bound = gnu_high_bound;
+	      rci->type = get_unpadded_type (gnat_type);
+	      rci->invariant_cond = build1 (SAVE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+					    boolean_true_node);
+	      gnu_cond = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR,
+					  boolean_type_node,
+					  rci->invariant_cond,
+					  gnat_to_gnu (gnat_cond));
+	    }
+	}
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+common:
+  if (!gnu_result)
+    gnu_result = build_call_raise (reason, gnat_node, kind);
+  set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_result, gnat_node);
+
+  /* If the type is VOID, this is a statement, so we need to generate the code
+     for the call.  Handle a condition, if there is one.  */
+  if (VOID_TYPE_P (*gnu_result_type_p))
+    {
+      if (Present (gnat_cond))
+	{
+	  if (!gnu_cond)
+	    gnu_cond = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_cond);
+	  gnu_result = build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node, gnu_cond, gnu_result,
+			       alloc_stmt_list ());
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    gnu_result = build1 (NULL_EXPR, *gnu_result_type_p, gnu_result);
+
+  return gnu_result;
+}
+
+/* Return true if GNAT_NODE is on the LHS of an assignment or an actual
+   parameter of a call.  */
+
+static bool
+lhs_or_actual_p (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  Node_Id gnat_parent = Parent (gnat_node);
+  Node_Kind kind = Nkind (gnat_parent);
+
+  if (kind == N_Assignment_Statement && Name (gnat_parent) == gnat_node)
+    return true;
+
+  if ((kind == N_Procedure_Call_Statement || kind == N_Function_Call)
+      && Name (gnat_parent) != gnat_node)
+    return true;
+
+  if (kind == N_Parameter_Association)
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return true if either GNAT_NODE or a view of GNAT_NODE is on the LHS
+   of an assignment or an actual parameter of a call.  */
+
+static bool
+present_in_lhs_or_actual_p (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  Node_Kind kind;
+
+  if (lhs_or_actual_p (gnat_node))
+    return true;
+
+  kind = Nkind (Parent (gnat_node));
+
+  if ((kind == N_Type_Conversion || kind == N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion)
+      && lhs_or_actual_p (Parent (gnat_node)))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return true if GNAT_NODE, an unchecked type conversion, is a no-op as far
+   as gigi is concerned.  This is used to avoid conversions on the LHS.  */
+
+static bool
+unchecked_conversion_nop (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  Entity_Id from_type, to_type;
+
+  /* The conversion must be on the LHS of an assignment or an actual parameter
+     of a call.  Otherwise, even if the conversion was essentially a no-op, it
+     could de facto ensure type consistency and this should be preserved.  */
+  if (!lhs_or_actual_p (gnat_node))
+    return false;
+
+  from_type = Etype (Expression (gnat_node));
+
+  /* We're interested in artificial conversions generated by the front-end
+     to make private types explicit, e.g. in Expand_Assign_Array.  */
+  if (!Is_Private_Type (from_type))
+    return false;
+
+  from_type = Underlying_Type (from_type);
+  to_type = Etype (gnat_node);
+
+  /* The direct conversion to the underlying type is a no-op.  */
+  if (to_type == from_type)
+    return true;
+
+  /* For an array subtype, the conversion to the PAT is a no-op.  */
+  if (Ekind (from_type) == E_Array_Subtype
+      && to_type == Packed_Array_Type (from_type))
+    return true;
+
+  /* For a record subtype, the conversion to the type is a no-op.  */
+  if (Ekind (from_type) == E_Record_Subtype
+      && to_type == Etype (from_type))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* This function is the driver of the GNAT to GCC tree transformation process.
+   It is the entry point of the tree transformer.  GNAT_NODE is the root of
+   some GNAT tree.  Return the root of the corresponding GCC tree.  If this
+   is an expression, return the GCC equivalent of the expression.  If this
+   is a statement, return the statement or add it to the current statement
+   group, in which case anything returned is to be interpreted as occurring
+   after anything added.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_to_gnu (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  const Node_Kind kind = Nkind (gnat_node);
+  bool went_into_elab_proc = false;
+  tree gnu_result = error_mark_node; /* Default to no value.  */
+  tree gnu_result_type = void_type_node;
+  tree gnu_expr, gnu_lhs, gnu_rhs;
+  Node_Id gnat_temp;
+
+  /* Save node number for error message and set location information.  */
+  error_gnat_node = gnat_node;
+  Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_node), &input_location);
+
+  /* If this node is a statement and we are only annotating types, return an
+     empty statement list.  */
+  if (type_annotate_only && IN (kind, N_Statement_Other_Than_Procedure_Call))
+    return alloc_stmt_list ();
+
+  /* If this node is a non-static subexpression and we are only annotating
+     types, make this into a NULL_EXPR.  */
+  if (type_annotate_only
+      && IN (kind, N_Subexpr)
+      && kind != N_Identifier
+      && !Compile_Time_Known_Value (gnat_node))
+    return build1 (NULL_EXPR, get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node)),
+		   build_call_raise (CE_Range_Check_Failed, gnat_node,
+				     N_Raise_Constraint_Error));
+
+  if ((IN (kind, N_Statement_Other_Than_Procedure_Call)
+       && kind != N_Null_Statement)
+      || kind == N_Procedure_Call_Statement
+      || kind == N_Label
+      || kind == N_Implicit_Label_Declaration
+      || kind == N_Handled_Sequence_Of_Statements
+      || (IN (kind, N_Raise_xxx_Error) && Ekind (Etype (gnat_node)) == E_Void))
+    {
+      tree current_elab_proc = get_elaboration_procedure ();
+
+      /* If this is a statement and we are at top level, it must be part of
+	 the elaboration procedure, so mark us as being in that procedure.  */
+      if (!current_function_decl)
+	{
+	  current_function_decl = current_elab_proc;
+	  went_into_elab_proc = true;
+	}
+
+      /* If we are in the elaboration procedure, check if we are violating a
+	 No_Elaboration_Code restriction by having a statement there.  Don't
+	 check for a possible No_Elaboration_Code restriction violation on
+	 N_Handled_Sequence_Of_Statements, as we want to signal an error on
+	 every nested real statement instead.  This also avoids triggering
+	 spurious errors on dummy (empty) sequences created by the front-end
+	 for package bodies in some cases.  */
+      if (current_function_decl == current_elab_proc
+	  && kind != N_Handled_Sequence_Of_Statements)
+	Check_Elaboration_Code_Allowed (gnat_node);
+    }
+
+  switch (kind)
+    {
+      /********************************/
+      /* Chapter 2: Lexical Elements  */
+      /********************************/
+
+    case N_Identifier:
+    case N_Expanded_Name:
+    case N_Operator_Symbol:
+    case N_Defining_Identifier:
+      gnu_result = Identifier_to_gnu (gnat_node, &gnu_result_type);
+
+      /* If this is an atomic access on the RHS for which synchronization is
+	 required, build the atomic load.  */
+      if (atomic_sync_required_p (gnat_node)
+	  && !present_in_lhs_or_actual_p (gnat_node))
+	gnu_result = build_atomic_load (gnu_result);
+      break;
+
+    case N_Integer_Literal:
+      {
+	tree gnu_type;
+
+	/* Get the type of the result, looking inside any padding and
+	   justified modular types.  Then get the value in that type.  */
+	gnu_type = gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+	if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	    && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (gnu_type))
+	  gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type));
+
+	gnu_result = UI_To_gnu (Intval (gnat_node), gnu_type);
+
+	/* If the result overflows (meaning it doesn't fit in its base type),
+	   abort.  We would like to check that the value is within the range
+	   of the subtype, but that causes problems with subtypes whose usage
+	   will raise Constraint_Error and with biased representation, so
+	   we don't.  */
+	gcc_assert (!TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_result));
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case N_Character_Literal:
+      /* If a Entity is present, it means that this was one of the
+	 literals in a user-defined character type.  In that case,
+	 just return the value in the CONST_DECL.  Otherwise, use the
+	 character code.  In that case, the base type should be an
+	 INTEGER_TYPE, but we won't bother checking for that.  */
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      if (Present (Entity (gnat_node)))
+	gnu_result = DECL_INITIAL (get_gnu_tree (Entity (gnat_node)));
+      else
+	gnu_result
+	  = build_int_cst_type
+	      (gnu_result_type, UI_To_CC (Char_Literal_Value (gnat_node)));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Real_Literal:
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+      /* If this is of a fixed-point type, the value we want is the
+	 value of the corresponding integer.  */
+      if (IN (Ekind (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_node))), Fixed_Point_Kind))
+	{
+	  gnu_result = UI_To_gnu (Corresponding_Integer_Value (gnat_node),
+				  gnu_result_type);
+	  gcc_assert (!TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_result));
+	}
+
+      /* Convert the Ureal to a vax float (represented on a signed type).  */
+      else if (Vax_Float (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_node))))
+	{
+	  gnu_result = UI_To_gnu (Get_Vax_Real_Literal_As_Signed (gnat_node),
+				  gnu_result_type);
+	}
+
+      else
+	{
+	  Ureal ur_realval = Realval (gnat_node);
+
+	  /* First convert the real value to a machine number if it isn't
+	     already. That forces BASE to 2 for non-zero values and simplifies
+             the rest of our logic.  */
+
+	  if (!Is_Machine_Number (gnat_node))
+	    ur_realval
+	      = Machine (Base_Type (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_node))),
+			 ur_realval, Round_Even, gnat_node);
+
+	  if (UR_Is_Zero (ur_realval))
+	    gnu_result = convert (gnu_result_type, integer_zero_node);
+	  else
+	    {
+	      REAL_VALUE_TYPE tmp;
+
+	      gnu_result
+		= UI_To_gnu (Numerator (ur_realval), gnu_result_type);
+
+	      /* The base must be 2 as Machine guarantees this, so we scale
+                 the value, which we know can fit in the mantissa of the type
+                 (hence the use of that type above).  */
+
+	      gcc_assert (Rbase (ur_realval) == 2);
+	      real_ldexp (&tmp, &TREE_REAL_CST (gnu_result),
+			  - UI_To_Int (Denominator (ur_realval)));
+	      gnu_result = build_real (gnu_result_type, tmp);
+	    }
+
+	  /* Now see if we need to negate the result.  Do it this way to
+	     properly handle -0.  */
+	  if (UR_Is_Negative (Realval (gnat_node)))
+	    gnu_result
+	      = build_unary_op (NEGATE_EXPR, get_base_type (gnu_result_type),
+				gnu_result);
+	}
+
+      break;
+
+    case N_String_Literal:
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      if (TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result_type)) == HOST_BITS_PER_CHAR)
+	{
+	  String_Id gnat_string = Strval (gnat_node);
+	  int length = String_Length (gnat_string);
+	  int i;
+	  char *string;
+	  if (length >= ALLOCA_THRESHOLD)
+	    string = XNEWVEC (char, length + 1);
+	  else
+	    string = (char *) alloca (length + 1);
+
+	  /* Build the string with the characters in the literal.  Note
+	     that Ada strings are 1-origin.  */
+	  for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
+	    string[i] = Get_String_Char (gnat_string, i + 1);
+
+	  /* Put a null at the end of the string in case it's in a context
+	     where GCC will want to treat it as a C string.  */
+	  string[i] = 0;
+
+	  gnu_result = build_string (length, string);
+
+	  /* Strings in GCC don't normally have types, but we want
+	     this to not be converted to the array type.  */
+	  TREE_TYPE (gnu_result) = gnu_result_type;
+
+	  if (length >= ALLOCA_THRESHOLD)
+	    free (string);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* Build a list consisting of each character, then make
+	     the aggregate.  */
+	  String_Id gnat_string = Strval (gnat_node);
+	  int length = String_Length (gnat_string);
+	  int i;
+	  tree gnu_idx = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (gnu_result_type));
+	  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *gnu_vec;
+	  vec_alloc (gnu_vec, length);
+
+	  for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
+	    {
+	      tree t = build_int_cst (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result_type),
+				      Get_String_Char (gnat_string, i + 1));
+
+	      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (gnu_vec, gnu_idx, t);
+	      gnu_idx = int_const_binop (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_idx, integer_one_node);
+	    }
+
+	  gnu_result = gnat_build_constructor (gnu_result_type, gnu_vec);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case N_Pragma:
+      gnu_result = Pragma_to_gnu (gnat_node);
+      break;
+
+    /**************************************/
+    /* Chapter 3: Declarations and Types  */
+    /**************************************/
+
+    case N_Subtype_Declaration:
+    case N_Full_Type_Declaration:
+    case N_Incomplete_Type_Declaration:
+    case N_Private_Type_Declaration:
+    case N_Private_Extension_Declaration:
+    case N_Task_Type_Declaration:
+      process_type (Defining_Entity (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Object_Declaration:
+    case N_Exception_Declaration:
+      gnat_temp = Defining_Entity (gnat_node);
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+
+      /* If we are just annotating types and this object has an unconstrained
+	 or task type, don't elaborate it.   */
+      if (type_annotate_only
+	  && (((Is_Array_Type (Etype (gnat_temp))
+		|| Is_Record_Type (Etype (gnat_temp)))
+	       && !Is_Constrained (Etype (gnat_temp)))
+	    || Is_Concurrent_Type (Etype (gnat_temp))))
+	break;
+
+      if (Present (Expression (gnat_node))
+	  && !(kind == N_Object_Declaration && No_Initialization (gnat_node))
+	  && (!type_annotate_only
+	      || Compile_Time_Known_Value (Expression (gnat_node))))
+	{
+	  gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_node));
+	  if (Do_Range_Check (Expression (gnat_node)))
+	    gnu_expr
+	      = emit_range_check (gnu_expr, Etype (gnat_temp), gnat_node);
+
+	  /* If this object has its elaboration delayed, we must force
+	     evaluation of GNU_EXPR right now and save it for when the object
+	     is frozen.  */
+	  if (Present (Freeze_Node (gnat_temp)))
+	    {
+	      if (TREE_CONSTANT (gnu_expr))
+		;
+	      else if (global_bindings_p ())
+		gnu_expr
+		  = create_var_decl (create_concat_name (gnat_temp, "init"),
+				     NULL_TREE, TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr), gnu_expr,
+				     false, false, false, false,
+				     NULL, gnat_temp);
+	      else
+		gnu_expr = gnat_save_expr (gnu_expr);
+
+	      save_gnu_tree (gnat_node, gnu_expr, true);
+	    }
+	}
+      else
+	gnu_expr = NULL_TREE;
+
+      if (type_annotate_only && gnu_expr && TREE_CODE (gnu_expr) == ERROR_MARK)
+	gnu_expr = NULL_TREE;
+
+      /* If this is a deferred constant with an address clause, we ignore the
+	 full view since the clause is on the partial view and we cannot have
+	 2 different GCC trees for the object.  The only bits of the full view
+	 we will use is the initializer, but it will be directly fetched.  */
+      if (Ekind(gnat_temp) == E_Constant
+	  && Present (Address_Clause (gnat_temp))
+	  && Present (Full_View (gnat_temp)))
+	save_gnu_tree (Full_View (gnat_temp), error_mark_node, true);
+
+      if (No (Freeze_Node (gnat_temp)))
+	gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_temp, gnu_expr, 1);
+      break;
+
+    case N_Object_Renaming_Declaration:
+      gnat_temp = Defining_Entity (gnat_node);
+
+      /* Don't do anything if this renaming is handled by the front end or if
+	 we are just annotating types and this object has a composite or task
+	 type, don't elaborate it.  We return the result in case it has any
+	 SAVE_EXPRs in it that need to be evaluated here.  */
+      if (!Is_Renaming_Of_Object (gnat_temp)
+	  && ! (type_annotate_only
+		&& (Is_Array_Type (Etype (gnat_temp))
+		    || Is_Record_Type (Etype (gnat_temp))
+		    || Is_Concurrent_Type (Etype (gnat_temp)))))
+	gnu_result
+	  = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_temp,
+				gnat_to_gnu (Renamed_Object (gnat_temp)), 1);
+      else
+	gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Implicit_Label_Declaration:
+      gnat_to_gnu_entity (Defining_Entity (gnat_node), NULL_TREE, 1);
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Exception_Renaming_Declaration:
+    case N_Number_Declaration:
+    case N_Package_Renaming_Declaration:
+    case N_Subprogram_Renaming_Declaration:
+      /* These are fully handled in the front end.  */
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    /*************************************/
+    /* Chapter 4: Names and Expressions  */
+    /*************************************/
+
+    case N_Explicit_Dereference:
+      gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (Prefix (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, gnu_result);
+
+      /* If this is an atomic access on the RHS for which synchronization is
+	 required, build the atomic load.  */
+      if (atomic_sync_required_p (gnat_node)
+	  && !present_in_lhs_or_actual_p (gnat_node))
+	gnu_result = build_atomic_load (gnu_result);
+      break;
+
+    case N_Indexed_Component:
+      {
+	tree gnu_array_object = gnat_to_gnu (Prefix (gnat_node));
+	tree gnu_type;
+	int ndim;
+	int i;
+	Node_Id *gnat_expr_array;
+
+	gnu_array_object = maybe_implicit_deref (gnu_array_object);
+
+	/* Convert vector inputs to their representative array type, to fit
+	   what the code below expects.  */
+	if (VECTOR_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_array_object)))
+	  {
+	    if (present_in_lhs_or_actual_p (gnat_node))
+	      gnat_mark_addressable (gnu_array_object);
+	    gnu_array_object = maybe_vector_array (gnu_array_object);
+	  }
+
+	gnu_array_object = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnu_array_object);
+
+	/* If we got a padded type, remove it too.  */
+	if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_array_object)))
+	  gnu_array_object
+	    = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_array_object))),
+		       gnu_array_object);
+
+	gnu_result = gnu_array_object;
+
+	/* The failure of this assertion will very likely come from a missing
+	   expansion for a packed array access.  */
+	gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_array_object)) == ARRAY_TYPE);
+
+	/* First compute the number of dimensions of the array, then
+	   fill the expression array, the order depending on whether
+	   this is a Convention_Fortran array or not.  */
+	for (ndim = 1, gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_array_object);
+	     TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	     && TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_type));
+	     ndim++, gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_type))
+	  ;
+
+	gnat_expr_array = XALLOCAVEC (Node_Id, ndim);
+
+	if (TYPE_CONVENTION_FORTRAN_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_array_object)))
+	  for (i = ndim - 1, gnat_temp = First (Expressions (gnat_node));
+	       i >= 0;
+	       i--, gnat_temp = Next (gnat_temp))
+	    gnat_expr_array[i] = gnat_temp;
+	else
+	  for (i = 0, gnat_temp = First (Expressions (gnat_node));
+	       i < ndim;
+	       i++, gnat_temp = Next (gnat_temp))
+	    gnat_expr_array[i] = gnat_temp;
+
+	for (i = 0, gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_array_object);
+	     i < ndim; i++, gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_type))
+	  {
+	    gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == ARRAY_TYPE);
+	    gnat_temp = gnat_expr_array[i];
+	    gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_temp);
+
+	    if (Do_Range_Check (gnat_temp))
+	      gnu_expr
+		= emit_index_check
+		  (gnu_array_object, gnu_expr,
+		   TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (gnu_type))),
+		   TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (gnu_type))),
+		   gnat_temp);
+
+	    gnu_result = build_binary_op (ARRAY_REF, NULL_TREE,
+					  gnu_result, gnu_expr);
+	  }
+
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+	/* If this is an atomic access on the RHS for which synchronization is
+	   required, build the atomic load.  */
+	if (atomic_sync_required_p (gnat_node)
+	    && !present_in_lhs_or_actual_p (gnat_node))
+	  gnu_result = build_atomic_load (gnu_result);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case N_Slice:
+      {
+	Node_Id gnat_range_node = Discrete_Range (gnat_node);
+	tree gnu_type;
+
+	gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (Prefix (gnat_node));
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+	/* Do any implicit dereferences of the prefix and do any needed
+	   range check.  */
+	gnu_result = maybe_implicit_deref (gnu_result);
+	gnu_result = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnu_result);
+	gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_result);
+	if (Do_Range_Check (gnat_range_node))
+	  {
+	    /* Get the bounds of the slice.  */
+	    tree gnu_index_type
+	      = TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (gnu_result_type));
+	    tree gnu_min_expr = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_index_type);
+	    tree gnu_max_expr = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_index_type);
+	    /* Get the permitted bounds.  */
+	    tree gnu_base_index_type
+	      = TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (gnu_type));
+	    tree gnu_base_min_expr = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR
+	      (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_base_index_type), gnu_result);
+	    tree gnu_base_max_expr = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR
+	      (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_base_index_type), gnu_result);
+	    tree gnu_expr_l, gnu_expr_h, gnu_expr_type;
+
+	   gnu_min_expr = gnat_protect_expr (gnu_min_expr);
+	   gnu_max_expr = gnat_protect_expr (gnu_max_expr);
+
+	    /* Derive a good type to convert everything to.  */
+	    gnu_expr_type = get_base_type (gnu_index_type);
+
+	    /* Test whether the minimum slice value is too small.  */
+	    gnu_expr_l = build_binary_op (LT_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+					  convert (gnu_expr_type,
+						   gnu_min_expr),
+					  convert (gnu_expr_type,
+						   gnu_base_min_expr));
+
+	    /* Test whether the maximum slice value is too large.  */
+	    gnu_expr_h = build_binary_op (GT_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+					  convert (gnu_expr_type,
+						   gnu_max_expr),
+					  convert (gnu_expr_type,
+						   gnu_base_max_expr));
+
+	    /* Build a slice index check that returns the low bound,
+	       assuming the slice is not empty.  */
+	    gnu_expr = emit_check
+	      (build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				gnu_expr_l, gnu_expr_h),
+	       gnu_min_expr, CE_Index_Check_Failed, gnat_node);
+
+	   /* Build a conditional expression that does the index checks and
+	      returns the low bound if the slice is not empty (max >= min),
+	      and returns the naked low bound otherwise (max < min), unless
+	      it is non-constant and the high bound is; this prevents VRP
+	      from inferring bogus ranges on the unlikely path.  */
+	    gnu_expr = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, gnu_expr_type,
+				    build_binary_op (GE_EXPR, gnu_expr_type,
+						     convert (gnu_expr_type,
+							      gnu_max_expr),
+						     convert (gnu_expr_type,
+							      gnu_min_expr)),
+				    gnu_expr,
+				    TREE_CODE (gnu_min_expr) != INTEGER_CST
+				    && TREE_CODE (gnu_max_expr) == INTEGER_CST
+				    ? gnu_max_expr : gnu_min_expr);
+	  }
+	else
+	  /* Simply return the naked low bound.  */
+	  gnu_expr = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (gnu_result_type));
+
+	/* If this is a slice with non-constant size of an array with constant
+	   size, set the maximum size for the allocation of temporaries.  */
+	if (!TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_result_type))
+	    && TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type)))
+	  TYPE_ARRAY_MAX_SIZE (gnu_result_type) = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_type);
+
+	gnu_result = build_binary_op (ARRAY_RANGE_REF, gnu_result_type,
+				      gnu_result, gnu_expr);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case N_Selected_Component:
+      {
+	tree gnu_prefix = gnat_to_gnu (Prefix (gnat_node));
+	Entity_Id gnat_field = Entity (Selector_Name (gnat_node));
+	Entity_Id gnat_pref_type = Etype (Prefix (gnat_node));
+	tree gnu_field;
+
+	while (IN (Ekind (gnat_pref_type), Incomplete_Or_Private_Kind)
+	       || IN (Ekind (gnat_pref_type), Access_Kind))
+	  {
+	    if (IN (Ekind (gnat_pref_type), Incomplete_Or_Private_Kind))
+	      gnat_pref_type = Underlying_Type (gnat_pref_type);
+	    else if (IN (Ekind (gnat_pref_type), Access_Kind))
+	      gnat_pref_type = Designated_Type (gnat_pref_type);
+	  }
+
+	gnu_prefix = maybe_implicit_deref (gnu_prefix);
+
+	/* For discriminant references in tagged types always substitute the
+	   corresponding discriminant as the actual selected component.  */
+	if (Is_Tagged_Type (gnat_pref_type))
+	  while (Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (gnat_field)))
+	    gnat_field = Corresponding_Discriminant (gnat_field);
+
+	/* For discriminant references of untagged types always substitute the
+	   corresponding stored discriminant.  */
+	else if (Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (gnat_field)))
+	  gnat_field = Original_Record_Component (gnat_field);
+
+	/* Handle extracting the real or imaginary part of a complex.
+	   The real part is the first field and the imaginary the last.  */
+	if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_prefix)) == COMPLEX_TYPE)
+	  gnu_result = build_unary_op (Present (Next_Entity (gnat_field))
+				       ? REALPART_EXPR : IMAGPART_EXPR,
+				       NULL_TREE, gnu_prefix);
+	else
+	  {
+	    gnu_field = gnat_to_gnu_field_decl (gnat_field);
+
+	    /* If there are discriminants, the prefix might be evaluated more
+	       than once, which is a problem if it has side-effects.  */
+	    if (Has_Discriminants (Is_Access_Type (Etype (Prefix (gnat_node)))
+				   ? Designated_Type (Etype
+						      (Prefix (gnat_node)))
+				   : Etype (Prefix (gnat_node))))
+	      gnu_prefix = gnat_stabilize_reference (gnu_prefix, false, NULL);
+
+	    gnu_result
+	      = build_component_ref (gnu_prefix, NULL_TREE, gnu_field,
+				     (Nkind (Parent (gnat_node))
+				      == N_Attribute_Reference)
+				     && lvalue_required_for_attribute_p
+					(Parent (gnat_node)));
+	  }
+
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+	/* If this is an atomic access on the RHS for which synchronization is
+	   required, build the atomic load.  */
+	if (atomic_sync_required_p (gnat_node)
+	    && !present_in_lhs_or_actual_p (gnat_node))
+	  gnu_result = build_atomic_load (gnu_result);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case N_Attribute_Reference:
+      {
+	/* The attribute designator.  */
+	const int attr = Get_Attribute_Id (Attribute_Name (gnat_node));
+
+	/* The Elab_Spec and Elab_Body attributes are special in that Prefix
+	   is a unit, not an object with a GCC equivalent.  */
+	if (attr == Attr_Elab_Spec || attr == Attr_Elab_Body)
+	  return
+	    create_subprog_decl (create_concat_name
+				 (Entity (Prefix (gnat_node)),
+				  attr == Attr_Elab_Body ? "elabb" : "elabs"),
+				 NULL_TREE, void_ftype, NULL_TREE, is_disabled,
+				 true, true, true, NULL, gnat_node);
+
+	gnu_result = Attribute_to_gnu (gnat_node, &gnu_result_type, attr);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case N_Reference:
+      /* Like 'Access as far as we are concerned.  */
+      gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (Prefix (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_result);
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Aggregate:
+    case N_Extension_Aggregate:
+      {
+	tree gnu_aggr_type;
+
+	/* ??? It is wrong to evaluate the type now, but there doesn't
+	   seem to be any other practical way of doing it.  */
+
+	gcc_assert (!Expansion_Delayed (gnat_node));
+
+	gnu_aggr_type = gnu_result_type
+	  = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+	if (TREE_CODE (gnu_result_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	    && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (gnu_result_type))
+	  gnu_aggr_type
+	    = TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_result_type)));
+	else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_result_type) == VECTOR_TYPE)
+	  gnu_aggr_type = TYPE_REPRESENTATIVE_ARRAY (gnu_result_type);
+
+	if (Null_Record_Present (gnat_node))
+	  gnu_result = gnat_build_constructor (gnu_aggr_type,
+					       NULL);
+
+	else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_aggr_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+		 || TREE_CODE (gnu_aggr_type) == UNION_TYPE)
+	  gnu_result
+	    = assoc_to_constructor (Etype (gnat_node),
+				    First (Component_Associations (gnat_node)),
+				    gnu_aggr_type);
+	else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_aggr_type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+	  gnu_result = pos_to_constructor (First (Expressions (gnat_node)),
+					   gnu_aggr_type,
+					   Component_Type (Etype (gnat_node)));
+	else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_aggr_type) == COMPLEX_TYPE)
+	  gnu_result
+	    = build_binary_op
+	      (COMPLEX_EXPR, gnu_aggr_type,
+	       gnat_to_gnu (Expression (First
+					(Component_Associations (gnat_node)))),
+	       gnat_to_gnu (Expression
+			    (Next
+			     (First (Component_Associations (gnat_node))))));
+	else
+	  gcc_unreachable ();
+
+	gnu_result = convert (gnu_result_type, gnu_result);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case N_Null:
+      if (TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS
+	  && Ekind (Etype (gnat_node)) == E_Access_Subprogram_Type
+	  && Is_Dispatch_Table_Entity (Etype (gnat_node)))
+	gnu_result = null_fdesc_node;
+      else
+	gnu_result = null_pointer_node;
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Type_Conversion:
+    case N_Qualified_Expression:
+      /* Get the operand expression.  */
+      gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+      /* If this is a qualified expression for a tagged type, we mark the type
+	 as used.  Because of polymorphism, this might be the only reference to
+	 the tagged type in the program while objects have it as dynamic type.
+	 The debugger needs to see it to display these objects properly.  */
+      if (kind == N_Qualified_Expression && Is_Tagged_Type (Etype (gnat_node)))
+	used_types_insert (gnu_result_type);
+
+      gnu_result
+	= convert_with_check (Etype (gnat_node), gnu_result,
+			      Do_Overflow_Check (gnat_node),
+			      Do_Range_Check (Expression (gnat_node)),
+			      kind == N_Type_Conversion
+			      && Float_Truncate (gnat_node), gnat_node);
+      break;
+
+    case N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion:
+      gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_node));
+
+      /* Skip further processing if the conversion is deemed a no-op.  */
+      if (unchecked_conversion_nop (gnat_node))
+	{
+	  gnu_result_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_result);
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+      /* If the result is a pointer type, see if we are improperly
+	 converting to a stricter alignment.  */
+      if (STRICT_ALIGNMENT && POINTER_TYPE_P (gnu_result_type)
+	  && IN (Ekind (Etype (gnat_node)), Access_Kind))
+	{
+	  unsigned int align = known_alignment (gnu_result);
+	  tree gnu_obj_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_result_type);
+	  unsigned int oalign = TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_obj_type);
+
+	  if (align != 0 && align < oalign && !TYPE_ALIGN_OK (gnu_obj_type))
+	    post_error_ne_tree_2
+	      ("?source alignment (^) '< alignment of & (^)",
+	       gnat_node, Designated_Type (Etype (gnat_node)),
+	       size_int (align / BITS_PER_UNIT), oalign / BITS_PER_UNIT);
+	}
+
+      /* If we are converting a descriptor to a function pointer, first
+	 build the pointer.  */
+      if (TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS
+	  && TREE_TYPE (gnu_result) == fdesc_type_node
+	  && POINTER_TYPE_P (gnu_result_type))
+	gnu_result = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_result);
+
+      gnu_result = unchecked_convert (gnu_result_type, gnu_result,
+				      No_Truncation (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case N_In:
+    case N_Not_In:
+      {
+	tree gnu_obj = gnat_to_gnu (Left_Opnd (gnat_node));
+	Node_Id gnat_range = Right_Opnd (gnat_node);
+	tree gnu_low, gnu_high;
+
+	/* GNAT_RANGE is either an N_Range node or an identifier denoting a
+	   subtype.  */
+	if (Nkind (gnat_range) == N_Range)
+	  {
+	    gnu_low = gnat_to_gnu (Low_Bound (gnat_range));
+	    gnu_high = gnat_to_gnu (High_Bound (gnat_range));
+	  }
+	else if (Nkind (gnat_range) == N_Identifier
+		 || Nkind (gnat_range) == N_Expanded_Name)
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_range_type = get_unpadded_type (Entity (gnat_range));
+
+	    gnu_low = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_range_type);
+	    gnu_high = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_range_type);
+	  }
+	else
+	  gcc_unreachable ();
+
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+	/* If LOW and HIGH are identical, perform an equality test.  Otherwise,
+	   ensure that GNU_OBJ is evaluated only once and perform a full range
+	   test.  */
+	if (operand_equal_p (gnu_low, gnu_high, 0))
+	  gnu_result
+	    = build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, gnu_result_type, gnu_obj, gnu_low);
+	else
+	  {
+	    tree t1, t2;
+	    gnu_obj = gnat_protect_expr (gnu_obj);
+	    t1 = build_binary_op (GE_EXPR, gnu_result_type, gnu_obj, gnu_low);
+	    if (EXPR_P (t1))
+	      set_expr_location_from_node (t1, gnat_node);
+	    t2 = build_binary_op (LE_EXPR, gnu_result_type, gnu_obj, gnu_high);
+	    if (EXPR_P (t2))
+	      set_expr_location_from_node (t2, gnat_node);
+	    gnu_result
+	      = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, gnu_result_type, t1, t2);
+	  }
+
+	if (kind == N_Not_In)
+	  gnu_result
+	    = invert_truthvalue_loc (EXPR_LOCATION (gnu_result), gnu_result);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case N_Op_Divide:
+      gnu_lhs = gnat_to_gnu (Left_Opnd (gnat_node));
+      gnu_rhs = gnat_to_gnu (Right_Opnd (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result = build_binary_op (FLOAT_TYPE_P (gnu_result_type)
+				    ? RDIV_EXPR
+				    : (Rounded_Result (gnat_node)
+				       ? ROUND_DIV_EXPR : TRUNC_DIV_EXPR),
+				    gnu_result_type, gnu_lhs, gnu_rhs);
+      break;
+
+    case N_Op_Or:    case N_Op_And:      case N_Op_Xor:
+      /* These can either be operations on booleans or on modular types.
+	 Fall through for boolean types since that's the way GNU_CODES is
+	 set up.  */
+      if (IN (Ekind (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_node))),
+	      Modular_Integer_Kind))
+	{
+	  enum tree_code code
+	    = (kind == N_Op_Or ? BIT_IOR_EXPR
+	       : kind == N_Op_And ? BIT_AND_EXPR
+	       : BIT_XOR_EXPR);
+
+	  gnu_lhs = gnat_to_gnu (Left_Opnd (gnat_node));
+	  gnu_rhs = gnat_to_gnu (Right_Opnd (gnat_node));
+	  gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+	  gnu_result = build_binary_op (code, gnu_result_type,
+					gnu_lhs, gnu_rhs);
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case N_Op_Eq:    case N_Op_Ne:	 case N_Op_Lt:
+    case N_Op_Le:    case N_Op_Gt:       case N_Op_Ge:
+    case N_Op_Add:   case N_Op_Subtract: case N_Op_Multiply:
+    case N_Op_Mod:   case N_Op_Rem:
+    case N_Op_Rotate_Left:
+    case N_Op_Rotate_Right:
+    case N_Op_Shift_Left:
+    case N_Op_Shift_Right:
+    case N_Op_Shift_Right_Arithmetic:
+    case N_And_Then: case N_Or_Else:
+      {
+	enum tree_code code = gnu_codes[kind];
+	bool ignore_lhs_overflow = false;
+	location_t saved_location = input_location;
+	tree gnu_type;
+
+	gnu_lhs = gnat_to_gnu (Left_Opnd (gnat_node));
+	gnu_rhs = gnat_to_gnu (Right_Opnd (gnat_node));
+	gnu_type = gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+	/* Pending generic support for efficient vector logical operations in
+	   GCC, convert vectors to their representative array type view and
+	   fallthrough.  */
+	gnu_lhs = maybe_vector_array (gnu_lhs);
+	gnu_rhs = maybe_vector_array (gnu_rhs);
+
+	/* If this is a comparison operator, convert any references to
+	   an unconstrained array value into a reference to the
+	   actual array.  */
+	if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (code) == tcc_comparison)
+	  {
+	    gnu_lhs = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnu_lhs);
+	    gnu_rhs = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnu_rhs);
+	  }
+
+	/* If the result type is a private type, its full view may be a
+	   numeric subtype. The representation we need is that of its base
+	   type, given that it is the result of an arithmetic operation.  */
+	else if (Is_Private_Type (Etype (gnat_node)))
+	  gnu_type = gnu_result_type
+	    = get_unpadded_type (Base_Type (Full_View (Etype (gnat_node))));
+
+	/* If this is a shift whose count is not guaranteed to be correct,
+	   we need to adjust the shift count.  */
+	if (IN (kind, N_Op_Shift) && !Shift_Count_OK (gnat_node))
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_count_type = get_base_type (TREE_TYPE (gnu_rhs));
+	    tree gnu_max_shift
+	      = convert (gnu_count_type, TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type));
+
+	    if (kind == N_Op_Rotate_Left || kind == N_Op_Rotate_Right)
+	      gnu_rhs = build_binary_op (TRUNC_MOD_EXPR, gnu_count_type,
+					 gnu_rhs, gnu_max_shift);
+	    else if (kind == N_Op_Shift_Right_Arithmetic)
+	      gnu_rhs
+		= build_binary_op
+		  (MIN_EXPR, gnu_count_type,
+		   build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR,
+				    gnu_count_type,
+				    gnu_max_shift,
+				    convert (gnu_count_type,
+					     integer_one_node)),
+		   gnu_rhs);
+	  }
+
+	/* For right shifts, the type says what kind of shift to do,
+	   so we may need to choose a different type.  In this case,
+	   we have to ignore integer overflow lest it propagates all
+	   the way down and causes a CE to be explicitly raised.  */
+	if (kind == N_Op_Shift_Right && !TYPE_UNSIGNED (gnu_type))
+	  {
+	    gnu_type = gnat_unsigned_type (gnu_type);
+	    ignore_lhs_overflow = true;
+	  }
+	else if (kind == N_Op_Shift_Right_Arithmetic
+		 && TYPE_UNSIGNED (gnu_type))
+	  {
+	    gnu_type = gnat_signed_type (gnu_type);
+	    ignore_lhs_overflow = true;
+	  }
+
+	if (gnu_type != gnu_result_type)
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_old_lhs = gnu_lhs;
+	    gnu_lhs = convert (gnu_type, gnu_lhs);
+	    if (TREE_CODE (gnu_lhs) == INTEGER_CST && ignore_lhs_overflow)
+	      TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_lhs) = TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_old_lhs);
+	    gnu_rhs = convert (gnu_type, gnu_rhs);
+	  }
+
+	/* Instead of expanding overflow checks for addition, subtraction
+	   and multiplication itself, the front end will leave this to
+	   the back end when Backend_Overflow_Checks_On_Target is set.
+	   As the GCC back end itself does not know yet how to properly
+	   do overflow checking, do it here.  The goal is to push
+	   the expansions further into the back end over time.  */
+	if (Do_Overflow_Check (gnat_node) && Backend_Overflow_Checks_On_Target
+	    && (kind == N_Op_Add
+		|| kind == N_Op_Subtract
+		|| kind == N_Op_Multiply)
+	    && !TYPE_UNSIGNED (gnu_type)
+	    && !FLOAT_TYPE_P (gnu_type))
+	  gnu_result = build_binary_op_trapv (code, gnu_type,
+					      gnu_lhs, gnu_rhs, gnat_node);
+	else
+	  {
+	    /* Some operations, e.g. comparisons of arrays, generate complex
+	       trees that need to be annotated while they are being built.  */
+	    input_location = saved_location;
+	    gnu_result = build_binary_op (code, gnu_type, gnu_lhs, gnu_rhs);
+	  }
+
+	/* If this is a logical shift with the shift count not verified,
+	   we must return zero if it is too large.  We cannot compensate
+	   above in this case.  */
+	if ((kind == N_Op_Shift_Left || kind == N_Op_Shift_Right)
+	    && !Shift_Count_OK (gnat_node))
+	  gnu_result
+	    = build_cond_expr
+	      (gnu_type,
+	       build_binary_op (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				gnu_rhs,
+				convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_rhs),
+					 TYPE_SIZE (gnu_type))),
+	       convert (gnu_type, integer_zero_node),
+	       gnu_result);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case N_If_Expression:
+      {
+	tree gnu_cond = gnat_to_gnu (First (Expressions (gnat_node)));
+	tree gnu_true = gnat_to_gnu (Next (First (Expressions (gnat_node))));
+	tree gnu_false
+	  = gnat_to_gnu (Next (Next (First (Expressions (gnat_node)))));
+
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+	gnu_result
+	  = build_cond_expr (gnu_result_type, gnu_cond, gnu_true, gnu_false);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case N_Op_Plus:
+      gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (Right_Opnd (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Op_Not:
+      /* This case can apply to a boolean or a modular type.
+	 Fall through for a boolean operand since GNU_CODES is set
+	 up to handle this.  */
+      if (Is_Modular_Integer_Type (Etype (gnat_node))
+	  || (Is_Private_Type (Etype (gnat_node))
+	      && Is_Modular_Integer_Type (Full_View (Etype (gnat_node)))))
+	{
+	  gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (Right_Opnd (gnat_node));
+	  gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+	  gnu_result = build_unary_op (BIT_NOT_EXPR, gnu_result_type,
+				       gnu_expr);
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case N_Op_Minus:  case N_Op_Abs:
+      gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (Right_Opnd (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+
+      if (Do_Overflow_Check (gnat_node)
+	  && !TYPE_UNSIGNED (gnu_result_type)
+	  && !FLOAT_TYPE_P (gnu_result_type))
+	gnu_result
+	  = build_unary_op_trapv (gnu_codes[kind],
+				  gnu_result_type, gnu_expr, gnat_node);
+      else
+	gnu_result = build_unary_op (gnu_codes[kind],
+				     gnu_result_type, gnu_expr);
+      break;
+
+    case N_Allocator:
+      {
+	tree gnu_init = 0;
+	tree gnu_type;
+	bool ignore_init_type = false;
+
+	gnat_temp = Expression (gnat_node);
+
+	/* The Expression operand can either be an N_Identifier or
+	   Expanded_Name, which must represent a type, or a
+	   N_Qualified_Expression, which contains both the object type and an
+	   initial value for the object.  */
+	if (Nkind (gnat_temp) == N_Identifier
+	    || Nkind (gnat_temp) == N_Expanded_Name)
+	  gnu_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Entity (gnat_temp));
+	else if (Nkind (gnat_temp) == N_Qualified_Expression)
+	  {
+	    Entity_Id gnat_desig_type
+	      = Designated_Type (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_node)));
+
+	    ignore_init_type = Has_Constrained_Partial_View (gnat_desig_type);
+	    gnu_init = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_temp));
+
+	    gnu_init = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnu_init);
+	    if (Do_Range_Check (Expression (gnat_temp)))
+	      gnu_init
+		= emit_range_check (gnu_init, gnat_desig_type, gnat_temp);
+
+	    if (Is_Elementary_Type (gnat_desig_type)
+		|| Is_Constrained (gnat_desig_type))
+	      gnu_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_desig_type);
+	    else
+	      {
+		gnu_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Etype (Expression (gnat_temp)));
+		if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+		  gnu_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_init);
+	      }
+
+	    /* See the N_Qualified_Expression case for the rationale.  */
+	    if (Is_Tagged_Type (gnat_desig_type))
+	      used_types_insert (gnu_type);
+
+	    gnu_init = convert (gnu_type, gnu_init);
+	  }
+	else
+	  gcc_unreachable ();
+
+	gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+	return build_allocator (gnu_type, gnu_init, gnu_result_type,
+				Procedure_To_Call (gnat_node),
+				Storage_Pool (gnat_node), gnat_node,
+				ignore_init_type);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    /**************************/
+    /* Chapter 5: Statements  */
+    /**************************/
+
+    case N_Label:
+      gnu_result = build1 (LABEL_EXPR, void_type_node,
+			   gnat_to_gnu (Identifier (gnat_node)));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Null_Statement:
+      /* When not optimizing, turn null statements from source into gotos to
+	 the next statement that the middle-end knows how to preserve.  */
+      if (!optimize && Comes_From_Source (gnat_node))
+	{
+	  tree stmt, label = create_label_decl (NULL_TREE, gnat_node);
+	  DECL_IGNORED_P (label) = 1;
+	  start_stmt_group ();
+	  stmt = build1 (GOTO_EXPR, void_type_node, label);
+	  set_expr_location_from_node (stmt, gnat_node);
+	  add_stmt (stmt);
+	  stmt = build1 (LABEL_EXPR, void_type_node, label);
+	  set_expr_location_from_node (stmt, gnat_node);
+	  add_stmt (stmt);
+	  gnu_result = end_stmt_group ();
+	}
+      else
+	gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Assignment_Statement:
+      /* Get the LHS and RHS of the statement and convert any reference to an
+	 unconstrained array into a reference to the underlying array.  */
+      gnu_lhs = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnat_to_gnu (Name (gnat_node)));
+
+      /* If the type has a size that overflows, convert this into raise of
+	 Storage_Error: execution shouldn't have gotten here anyway.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (TREE_TYPE (gnu_lhs))) == INTEGER_CST
+	   && !valid_constant_size_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (TREE_TYPE (gnu_lhs))))
+	gnu_result = build_call_raise (SE_Object_Too_Large, gnat_node,
+				       N_Raise_Storage_Error);
+      else if (Nkind (Expression (gnat_node)) == N_Function_Call)
+	gnu_result
+	  = Call_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_node), &gnu_result_type, gnu_lhs,
+			 atomic_sync_required_p (Name (gnat_node)));
+      else
+	{
+	  gnu_rhs
+	    = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_node)));
+
+	  /* If range check is needed, emit code to generate it.  */
+	  if (Do_Range_Check (Expression (gnat_node)))
+	    gnu_rhs = emit_range_check (gnu_rhs, Etype (Name (gnat_node)),
+					gnat_node);
+
+	  if (atomic_sync_required_p (Name (gnat_node)))
+	    gnu_result = build_atomic_store (gnu_lhs, gnu_rhs);
+	  else
+	    gnu_result
+	      = build_binary_op (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_lhs, gnu_rhs);
+
+	  /* If the type being assigned is an array type and the two sides are
+	     not completely disjoint, play safe and use memmove.  But don't do
+	     it for a bit-packed array as it might not be byte-aligned.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == MODIFY_EXPR
+	      && Is_Array_Type (Etype (Name (gnat_node)))
+	      && !Is_Bit_Packed_Array (Etype (Name (gnat_node)))
+	      && !(Forwards_OK (gnat_node) && Backwards_OK (gnat_node)))
+	    {
+	      tree to, from, size, to_ptr, from_ptr, t;
+
+	      to = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_result, 0);
+	      from = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_result, 1);
+
+	      size = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (TREE_TYPE (from));
+	      size = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (size, from);
+
+	      to_ptr = build_fold_addr_expr (to);
+	      from_ptr = build_fold_addr_expr (from);
+
+	      t = builtin_decl_implicit (BUILT_IN_MEMMOVE);
+	      gnu_result = build_call_expr (t, 3, to_ptr, from_ptr, size);
+	   }
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case N_If_Statement:
+      {
+	tree *gnu_else_ptr; /* Point to put next "else if" or "else".  */
+
+	/* Make the outer COND_EXPR.  Avoid non-determinism.  */
+	gnu_result = build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node,
+			     gnat_to_gnu (Condition (gnat_node)),
+			     NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
+	COND_EXPR_THEN (gnu_result)
+	  = build_stmt_group (Then_Statements (gnat_node), false);
+	TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_result) = 1;
+	gnu_else_ptr = &COND_EXPR_ELSE (gnu_result);
+
+	/* Now make a COND_EXPR for each of the "else if" parts.  Put each
+	   into the previous "else" part and point to where to put any
+	   outer "else".  Also avoid non-determinism.  */
+	if (Present (Elsif_Parts (gnat_node)))
+	  for (gnat_temp = First (Elsif_Parts (gnat_node));
+	       Present (gnat_temp); gnat_temp = Next (gnat_temp))
+	    {
+	      gnu_expr = build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node,
+				 gnat_to_gnu (Condition (gnat_temp)),
+				 NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
+	      COND_EXPR_THEN (gnu_expr)
+		= build_stmt_group (Then_Statements (gnat_temp), false);
+	      TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_expr) = 1;
+	      set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_expr, gnat_temp);
+	      *gnu_else_ptr = gnu_expr;
+	      gnu_else_ptr = &COND_EXPR_ELSE (gnu_expr);
+	    }
+
+	*gnu_else_ptr = build_stmt_group (Else_Statements (gnat_node), false);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case N_Case_Statement:
+      gnu_result = Case_Statement_to_gnu (gnat_node);
+      break;
+
+    case N_Loop_Statement:
+      gnu_result = Loop_Statement_to_gnu (gnat_node);
+      break;
+
+    case N_Block_Statement:
+      /* The only way to enter the block is to fall through to it.  */
+      if (stmt_group_may_fallthru ())
+	{
+	  start_stmt_group ();
+	  gnat_pushlevel ();
+	  process_decls (Declarations (gnat_node), Empty, Empty, true, true);
+	  add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (Handled_Statement_Sequence (gnat_node)));
+	  gnat_poplevel ();
+	  gnu_result = end_stmt_group ();
+	}
+      else
+	gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Exit_Statement:
+      gnu_result
+	= build2 (EXIT_STMT, void_type_node,
+		  (Present (Condition (gnat_node))
+		   ? gnat_to_gnu (Condition (gnat_node)) : NULL_TREE),
+		  (Present (Name (gnat_node))
+		   ? get_gnu_tree (Entity (Name (gnat_node)))
+		   : LOOP_STMT_LABEL (gnu_loop_stack->last ()->stmt)));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Simple_Return_Statement:
+      {
+	tree gnu_ret_obj, gnu_ret_val;
+
+	/* If the subprogram is a function, we must return the expression.  */
+	if (Present (Expression (gnat_node)))
+	  {
+	    tree gnu_subprog_type = TREE_TYPE (current_function_decl);
+
+	    /* If this function has copy-in/copy-out parameters, get the real
+	       object for the return.  See Subprogram_to_gnu.  */
+	    if (TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (gnu_subprog_type))
+	      gnu_ret_obj = gnu_return_var_stack->last ();
+	    else
+	      gnu_ret_obj = DECL_RESULT (current_function_decl);
+
+	    /* Get the GCC tree for the expression to be returned.  */
+	    gnu_ret_val = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_node));
+
+	    /* Do not remove the padding from GNU_RET_VAL if the inner type is
+	       self-referential since we want to allocate the fixed size.  */
+	    if (TREE_CODE (gnu_ret_val) == COMPONENT_REF
+		&& TYPE_IS_PADDING_P
+		   (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_ret_val, 0)))
+		&& CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P
+		   (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ret_val))))
+	      gnu_ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_ret_val, 0);
+
+	    /* If the function returns by direct reference, return a pointer
+	       to the return value.  */
+	    if (TYPE_RETURN_BY_DIRECT_REF_P (gnu_subprog_type)
+		|| By_Ref (gnat_node))
+	      gnu_ret_val = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_ret_val);
+
+	    /* Otherwise, if it returns an unconstrained array, we have to
+	       allocate a new version of the result and return it.  */
+	    else if (TYPE_RETURN_UNCONSTRAINED_P (gnu_subprog_type))
+	      {
+		gnu_ret_val = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnu_ret_val);
+
+		/* And find out whether this is a candidate for Named Return
+		   Value.  If so, record it.  */
+		if (!TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (gnu_subprog_type) && optimize)
+		  {
+		    tree ret_val = gnu_ret_val;
+
+		    /* Strip useless conversions around the return value.  */
+		    if (gnat_useless_type_conversion (ret_val))
+		      ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0);
+
+		    /* Strip unpadding around the return value.  */
+		    if (TREE_CODE (ret_val) == COMPONENT_REF
+			&& TYPE_IS_PADDING_P
+			   (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0))))
+		      ret_val = TREE_OPERAND (ret_val, 0);
+
+		    /* Now apply the test to the return value.  */
+		    if (return_value_ok_for_nrv_p (NULL_TREE, ret_val))
+		      {
+			if (!f_named_ret_val)
+			  f_named_ret_val = BITMAP_GGC_ALLOC ();
+			bitmap_set_bit (f_named_ret_val, DECL_UID (ret_val));
+			if (!f_gnat_ret)
+			  f_gnat_ret = gnat_node;
+		      }
+		  }
+
+		gnu_ret_val = build_allocator (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ret_val),
+					       gnu_ret_val,
+					       TREE_TYPE (gnu_ret_obj),
+					       Procedure_To_Call (gnat_node),
+					       Storage_Pool (gnat_node),
+					       gnat_node, false);
+	      }
+
+	    /* Otherwise, if it returns by invisible reference, dereference
+	       the pointer it is passed using the type of the return value
+	       and build the copy operation manually.  This ensures that we
+	       don't copy too much data, for example if the return type is
+	       unconstrained with a maximum size.  */
+	    else if (TREE_ADDRESSABLE (gnu_subprog_type))
+	      {
+		tree gnu_ret_deref
+		  = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, TREE_TYPE (gnu_ret_val),
+				    gnu_ret_obj);
+		gnu_result = build_binary_op (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+					      gnu_ret_deref, gnu_ret_val);
+		add_stmt_with_node (gnu_result, gnat_node);
+		gnu_ret_val = NULL_TREE;
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	else
+	  gnu_ret_obj = gnu_ret_val = NULL_TREE;
+
+	/* If we have a return label defined, convert this into a branch to
+	   that label.  The return proper will be handled elsewhere.  */
+	if (gnu_return_label_stack->last ())
+	  {
+	    if (gnu_ret_obj)
+	      add_stmt (build_binary_op (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_ret_obj,
+					 gnu_ret_val));
+
+	    gnu_result = build1 (GOTO_EXPR, void_type_node,
+				 gnu_return_label_stack->last ());
+
+	    /* When not optimizing, make sure the return is preserved.  */
+	    if (!optimize && Comes_From_Source (gnat_node))
+	      DECL_ARTIFICIAL (gnu_return_label_stack->last ()) = 0;
+	  }
+
+	/* Otherwise, build a regular return.  */
+	else
+	  gnu_result = build_return_expr (gnu_ret_obj, gnu_ret_val);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case N_Goto_Statement:
+      gnu_result
+	= build1 (GOTO_EXPR, void_type_node, gnat_to_gnu (Name (gnat_node)));
+      break;
+
+    /***************************/
+    /* Chapter 6: Subprograms  */
+    /***************************/
+
+    case N_Subprogram_Declaration:
+      /* Unless there is a freeze node, declare the subprogram.  We consider
+	 this a "definition" even though we're not generating code for
+	 the subprogram because we will be making the corresponding GCC
+	 node here.  */
+
+      if (No (Freeze_Node (Defining_Entity (Specification (gnat_node)))))
+	gnat_to_gnu_entity (Defining_Entity (Specification (gnat_node)),
+			    NULL_TREE, 1);
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Abstract_Subprogram_Declaration:
+      /* This subprogram doesn't exist for code generation purposes, but we
+	 have to elaborate the types of any parameters and result, unless
+	 they are imported types (nothing to generate in this case).
+
+	 The parameter list may contain types with freeze nodes, e.g. not null
+	 subtypes, so the subprogram itself may carry a freeze node, in which
+	 case its elaboration must be deferred.  */
+
+      /* Process the parameter types first.  */
+      if (No (Freeze_Node (Defining_Entity (Specification (gnat_node)))))
+      for (gnat_temp
+	   = First_Formal_With_Extras
+	      (Defining_Entity (Specification (gnat_node)));
+	   Present (gnat_temp);
+	   gnat_temp = Next_Formal_With_Extras (gnat_temp))
+	if (Is_Itype (Etype (gnat_temp))
+	    && !From_Limited_With (Etype (gnat_temp)))
+	  gnat_to_gnu_entity (Etype (gnat_temp), NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+      /* Then the result type, set to Standard_Void_Type for procedures.  */
+      {
+	Entity_Id gnat_temp_type
+	  = Etype (Defining_Entity (Specification (gnat_node)));
+
+	if (Is_Itype (gnat_temp_type) && !From_Limited_With (gnat_temp_type))
+	  gnat_to_gnu_entity (Etype (gnat_temp_type), NULL_TREE, 0);
+      }
+
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Defining_Program_Unit_Name:
+      /* For a child unit identifier go up a level to get the specification.
+	 We get this when we try to find the spec of a child unit package
+	 that is the compilation unit being compiled.  */
+      gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (Parent (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Subprogram_Body:
+      Subprogram_Body_to_gnu (gnat_node);
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Function_Call:
+    case N_Procedure_Call_Statement:
+      gnu_result = Call_to_gnu (gnat_node, &gnu_result_type, NULL_TREE, false);
+      break;
+
+    /************************/
+    /* Chapter 7: Packages  */
+    /************************/
+
+    case N_Package_Declaration:
+      gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (Specification (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Package_Specification:
+
+      start_stmt_group ();
+      process_decls (Visible_Declarations (gnat_node),
+		     Private_Declarations (gnat_node), Empty, true, true);
+      gnu_result = end_stmt_group ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Package_Body:
+
+      /* If this is the body of a generic package - do nothing.  */
+      if (Ekind (Corresponding_Spec (gnat_node)) == E_Generic_Package)
+	{
+	  gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      start_stmt_group ();
+      process_decls (Declarations (gnat_node), Empty, Empty, true, true);
+
+      if (Present (Handled_Statement_Sequence (gnat_node)))
+	add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (Handled_Statement_Sequence (gnat_node)));
+
+      gnu_result = end_stmt_group ();
+      break;
+
+    /********************************/
+    /* Chapter 8: Visibility Rules  */
+    /********************************/
+
+    case N_Use_Package_Clause:
+    case N_Use_Type_Clause:
+      /* Nothing to do here - but these may appear in list of declarations.  */
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    /*********************/
+    /* Chapter 9: Tasks  */
+    /*********************/
+
+    case N_Protected_Type_Declaration:
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Single_Task_Declaration:
+      gnat_to_gnu_entity (Defining_Entity (gnat_node), NULL_TREE, 1);
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    /*********************************************************/
+    /* Chapter 10: Program Structure and Compilation Issues  */
+    /*********************************************************/
+
+    case N_Compilation_Unit:
+      /* This is not called for the main unit on which gigi is invoked.  */
+      Compilation_Unit_to_gnu (gnat_node);
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Subprogram_Body_Stub:
+    case N_Package_Body_Stub:
+    case N_Protected_Body_Stub:
+    case N_Task_Body_Stub:
+      /* Simply process whatever unit is being inserted.  */
+      if (Present (Library_Unit (gnat_node)))
+	gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (Unit (Library_Unit (gnat_node)));
+      else
+	{
+	  gcc_assert (type_annotate_only);
+	  gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case N_Subunit:
+      gnu_result = gnat_to_gnu (Proper_Body (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    /***************************/
+    /* Chapter 11: Exceptions  */
+    /***************************/
+
+    case N_Handled_Sequence_Of_Statements:
+      /* If there is an At_End procedure attached to this node, and the EH
+	 mechanism is SJLJ, we must have at least a corresponding At_End
+	 handler, unless the No_Exception_Handlers restriction is set.  */
+      gcc_assert (type_annotate_only
+		  || Exception_Mechanism != Setjmp_Longjmp
+		  || No (At_End_Proc (gnat_node))
+		  || Present (Exception_Handlers (gnat_node))
+		  || No_Exception_Handlers_Set ());
+
+      gnu_result = Handled_Sequence_Of_Statements_to_gnu (gnat_node);
+      break;
+
+    case N_Exception_Handler:
+      if (Exception_Mechanism == Setjmp_Longjmp)
+	gnu_result = Exception_Handler_to_gnu_sjlj (gnat_node);
+      else if (Exception_Mechanism == Back_End_Exceptions)
+	gnu_result = Exception_Handler_to_gnu_zcx (gnat_node);
+      else
+	gcc_unreachable ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Raise_Statement:
+      /* Only for reraise in back-end exceptions mode.  */
+      gcc_assert (No (Name (gnat_node))
+		  && Exception_Mechanism == Back_End_Exceptions);
+
+      start_stmt_group ();
+      gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+      /* Clear the current exception pointer so that the occurrence won't be
+	 deallocated.  */
+      gnu_expr = create_var_decl (get_identifier ("SAVED_EXPTR"), NULL_TREE,
+				  ptr_type_node, gnu_incoming_exc_ptr,
+				  false, false, false, false, NULL, gnat_node);
+
+      add_stmt (build_binary_op (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_incoming_exc_ptr,
+				 convert (ptr_type_node, integer_zero_node)));
+      add_stmt (build_call_n_expr (reraise_zcx_decl, 1, gnu_expr));
+      gnat_poplevel ();
+      gnu_result = end_stmt_group ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Push_Constraint_Error_Label:
+      push_exception_label_stack (&gnu_constraint_error_label_stack,
+				  Exception_Label (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Push_Storage_Error_Label:
+      push_exception_label_stack (&gnu_storage_error_label_stack,
+				  Exception_Label (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Push_Program_Error_Label:
+      push_exception_label_stack (&gnu_program_error_label_stack,
+				  Exception_Label (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Pop_Constraint_Error_Label:
+      gnu_constraint_error_label_stack->pop ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Pop_Storage_Error_Label:
+      gnu_storage_error_label_stack->pop ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Pop_Program_Error_Label:
+      gnu_program_error_label_stack->pop ();
+      break;
+
+    /******************************/
+    /* Chapter 12: Generic Units  */
+    /******************************/
+
+    case N_Generic_Function_Renaming_Declaration:
+    case N_Generic_Package_Renaming_Declaration:
+    case N_Generic_Procedure_Renaming_Declaration:
+    case N_Generic_Package_Declaration:
+    case N_Generic_Subprogram_Declaration:
+    case N_Package_Instantiation:
+    case N_Procedure_Instantiation:
+    case N_Function_Instantiation:
+      /* These nodes can appear on a declaration list but there is nothing to
+	 to be done with them.  */
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    /**************************************************/
+    /* Chapter 13: Representation Clauses and         */
+    /*             Implementation-Dependent Features  */
+    /**************************************************/
+
+    case N_Attribute_Definition_Clause:
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+
+      /* The only one we need to deal with is 'Address since, for the others,
+	 the front-end puts the information elsewhere.  */
+      if (Get_Attribute_Id (Chars (gnat_node)) != Attr_Address)
+	break;
+
+      /* And we only deal with 'Address if the object has a Freeze node.  */
+      gnat_temp = Entity (Name (gnat_node));
+      if (No (Freeze_Node (gnat_temp)))
+	break;
+
+      /* Get the value to use as the address and save it as the equivalent
+	 for the object.  When it is frozen, gnat_to_gnu_entity will do the
+	 right thing.  */
+      save_gnu_tree (gnat_temp, gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_node)), true);
+      break;
+
+    case N_Enumeration_Representation_Clause:
+    case N_Record_Representation_Clause:
+    case N_At_Clause:
+      /* We do nothing with these.  SEM puts the information elsewhere.  */
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Code_Statement:
+      if (!type_annotate_only)
+	{
+	  tree gnu_template = gnat_to_gnu (Asm_Template (gnat_node));
+	  tree gnu_inputs = NULL_TREE, gnu_outputs = NULL_TREE;
+	  tree gnu_clobbers = NULL_TREE, tail;
+	  bool allows_mem, allows_reg, fake;
+	  int ninputs, noutputs, i;
+	  const char **oconstraints;
+	  const char *constraint;
+	  char *clobber;
+
+	  /* First retrieve the 3 operand lists built by the front-end.  */
+	  Setup_Asm_Outputs (gnat_node);
+	  while (Present (gnat_temp = Asm_Output_Variable ()))
+	    {
+	      tree gnu_value = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_temp);
+	      tree gnu_constr = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, gnat_to_gnu
+						 (Asm_Output_Constraint ()));
+
+	      gnu_outputs = tree_cons (gnu_constr, gnu_value, gnu_outputs);
+	      Next_Asm_Output ();
+	    }
+
+	  Setup_Asm_Inputs (gnat_node);
+	  while (Present (gnat_temp = Asm_Input_Value ()))
+	    {
+	      tree gnu_value = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_temp);
+	      tree gnu_constr = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, gnat_to_gnu
+						 (Asm_Input_Constraint ()));
+
+	      gnu_inputs = tree_cons (gnu_constr, gnu_value, gnu_inputs);
+	      Next_Asm_Input ();
+	    }
+
+	  Clobber_Setup (gnat_node);
+	  while ((clobber = Clobber_Get_Next ()))
+	    gnu_clobbers
+	      = tree_cons (NULL_TREE,
+			   build_string (strlen (clobber) + 1, clobber),
+			   gnu_clobbers);
+
+	  /* Then perform some standard checking and processing on the
+	     operands.  In particular, mark them addressable if needed.  */
+	  gnu_outputs = nreverse (gnu_outputs);
+	  noutputs = list_length (gnu_outputs);
+	  gnu_inputs = nreverse (gnu_inputs);
+	  ninputs = list_length (gnu_inputs);
+	  oconstraints = XALLOCAVEC (const char *, noutputs);
+
+	  for (i = 0, tail = gnu_outputs; tail; ++i, tail = TREE_CHAIN (tail))
+	    {
+	      tree output = TREE_VALUE (tail);
+	      constraint
+		= TREE_STRING_POINTER (TREE_VALUE (TREE_PURPOSE (tail)));
+	      oconstraints[i] = constraint;
+
+	      if (parse_output_constraint (&constraint, i, ninputs, noutputs,
+					   &allows_mem, &allows_reg, &fake))
+		{
+		  /* If the operand is going to end up in memory,
+		     mark it addressable.  Note that we don't test
+		     allows_mem like in the input case below; this
+		     is modelled on the C front-end.  */
+		  if (!allows_reg)
+		    {
+		      output = remove_conversions (output, false);
+		      if (TREE_CODE (output) == CONST_DECL
+			  && DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR (output))
+			output = DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR (output);
+		      if (!gnat_mark_addressable (output))
+			output = error_mark_node;
+		    }
+		}
+	      else
+		output = error_mark_node;
+
+	      TREE_VALUE (tail) = output;
+	    }
+
+	  for (i = 0, tail = gnu_inputs; tail; ++i, tail = TREE_CHAIN (tail))
+	    {
+	      tree input = TREE_VALUE (tail);
+	      constraint
+		= TREE_STRING_POINTER (TREE_VALUE (TREE_PURPOSE (tail)));
+
+	      if (parse_input_constraint (&constraint, i, ninputs, noutputs,
+					  0, oconstraints,
+					  &allows_mem, &allows_reg))
+		{
+		  /* If the operand is going to end up in memory,
+		     mark it addressable.  */
+		  if (!allows_reg && allows_mem)
+		    {
+		      input = remove_conversions (input, false);
+		      if (TREE_CODE (input) == CONST_DECL
+			  && DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR (input))
+			input = DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR (input);
+		      if (!gnat_mark_addressable (input))
+			input = error_mark_node;
+		    }
+		}
+	      else
+		input = error_mark_node;
+
+	      TREE_VALUE (tail) = input;
+	    }
+
+	  gnu_result = build5 (ASM_EXPR,  void_type_node,
+			       gnu_template, gnu_outputs,
+			       gnu_inputs, gnu_clobbers, NULL_TREE);
+	  ASM_VOLATILE_P (gnu_result) = Is_Asm_Volatile (gnat_node);
+	}
+      else
+	gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+
+      break;
+
+    /****************/
+    /* Added Nodes  */
+    /****************/
+
+    case N_Expression_With_Actions:
+      /* This construct doesn't define a scope so we don't push a binding level
+	 around the statement list; but we wrap it in a SAVE_EXPR to protect it
+	 from unsharing.  */
+      gnu_result = build_stmt_group (Actions (gnat_node), false);
+      gnu_result = build1 (SAVE_EXPR, void_type_node, gnu_result);
+      TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_result) = 1;
+      gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_node));
+      gnu_result
+	= build_compound_expr (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr), gnu_result, gnu_expr);
+      gnu_result_type = get_unpadded_type (Etype (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Freeze_Entity:
+      start_stmt_group ();
+      process_freeze_entity (gnat_node);
+      process_decls (Actions (gnat_node), Empty, Empty, true, true);
+      gnu_result = end_stmt_group ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Freeze_Generic_Entity:
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Itype_Reference:
+      if (!present_gnu_tree (Itype (gnat_node)))
+	process_type (Itype (gnat_node));
+
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Free_Statement:
+      if (!type_annotate_only)
+	{
+	  tree gnu_ptr = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_node));
+	  tree gnu_ptr_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr);
+	  tree gnu_obj_type, gnu_actual_obj_type;
+
+	  /* If this is a thin pointer, we must first dereference it to create
+	     a fat pointer, then go back below to a thin pointer.  The reason
+	     for this is that we need to have a fat pointer someplace in order
+	     to properly compute the size.  */
+	  if (TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr)))
+	    gnu_ptr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+				      build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+						      gnu_ptr));
+
+	  /* If this is a fat pointer, the object must have been allocated with
+	     the template in front of the array.  So pass the template address,
+	     and get the total size; do it by converting to a thin pointer.  */
+	  if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr)))
+	    gnu_ptr
+	      = convert (build_pointer_type
+			 (TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE
+			  (TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr)))),
+			 gnu_ptr);
+
+	  gnu_obj_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr));
+
+	  /* If this is a thin pointer, the object must have been allocated with
+	     the template in front of the array.  So pass the template address,
+	     and get the total size.  */
+	  if (TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr)))
+	    gnu_ptr
+	      = build_binary_op (POINTER_PLUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (gnu_ptr),
+				 gnu_ptr,
+				 fold_build1 (NEGATE_EXPR, sizetype,
+					      byte_position
+					      (DECL_CHAIN
+					       TYPE_FIELDS ((gnu_obj_type)))));
+
+	  /* If we have a special dynamic constrained subtype on the node, use
+	     it to compute the size; otherwise, use the designated subtype.  */
+	  if (Present (Actual_Designated_Subtype (gnat_node)))
+	    {
+	      gnu_actual_obj_type
+		= gnat_to_gnu_type (Actual_Designated_Subtype (gnat_node));
+
+	      if (TYPE_IS_FAT_OR_THIN_POINTER_P (gnu_ptr_type))
+		gnu_actual_obj_type
+		  = build_unc_object_type_from_ptr (gnu_ptr_type,
+						    gnu_actual_obj_type,
+						    get_identifier ("DEALLOC"),
+						    false);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    gnu_actual_obj_type = gnu_obj_type;
+
+	  gnu_result
+	      = build_call_alloc_dealloc (gnu_ptr,
+					  TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_actual_obj_type),
+					  gnu_obj_type,
+					  Procedure_To_Call (gnat_node),
+					  Storage_Pool (gnat_node),
+					  gnat_node);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case N_Raise_Constraint_Error:
+    case N_Raise_Program_Error:
+    case N_Raise_Storage_Error:
+      if (type_annotate_only)
+	gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      else
+	gnu_result = Raise_Error_to_gnu (gnat_node, &gnu_result_type);
+      break;
+
+    case N_Validate_Unchecked_Conversion:
+      /* The only validation we currently do on an unchecked conversion is
+	 that of aliasing assumptions.  */
+      if (flag_strict_aliasing)
+	gnat_validate_uc_list.safe_push (gnat_node);
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    case N_Function_Specification:
+    case N_Procedure_Specification:
+    case N_Op_Concat:
+    case N_Component_Association:
+    case N_Protected_Body:
+    case N_Task_Body:
+      /* These nodes should only be present when annotating types.  */
+      gcc_assert (type_annotate_only);
+      gnu_result = alloc_stmt_list ();
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      /* Other nodes are not supposed to reach here.  */
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  /* If we pushed the processing of the elaboration routine, pop it back.  */
+  if (went_into_elab_proc)
+    current_function_decl = NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* When not optimizing, turn boolean rvalues B into B != false tests
+     so that the code just below can put the location information of the
+     reference to B on the inequality operator for better debug info.  */
+  if (!optimize
+      && TREE_CODE (gnu_result) != INTEGER_CST
+      && (kind == N_Identifier
+	  || kind == N_Expanded_Name
+	  || kind == N_Explicit_Dereference
+	  || kind == N_Function_Call
+	  || kind == N_Indexed_Component
+	  || kind == N_Selected_Component)
+      && TREE_CODE (get_base_type (gnu_result_type)) == BOOLEAN_TYPE
+      && !lvalue_required_p (gnat_node, gnu_result_type, false, false, false))
+    gnu_result = build_binary_op (NE_EXPR, gnu_result_type,
+				  convert (gnu_result_type, gnu_result),
+				  convert (gnu_result_type,
+					   boolean_false_node));
+
+  /* Set the location information on the result.  Note that we may have
+     no result if we tried to build a CALL_EXPR node to a procedure with
+     no side-effects and optimization is enabled.  */
+  if (gnu_result && EXPR_P (gnu_result))
+    set_gnu_expr_location_from_node (gnu_result, gnat_node);
+
+  /* If we're supposed to return something of void_type, it means we have
+     something we're elaborating for effect, so just return.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_result_type) == VOID_TYPE)
+    return gnu_result;
+
+  /* If the result is a constant that overflowed, raise Constraint_Error.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == INTEGER_CST && TREE_OVERFLOW (gnu_result))
+    {
+      post_error ("?`Constraint_Error` will be raised at run time", gnat_node);
+      gnu_result
+	= build1 (NULL_EXPR, gnu_result_type,
+		  build_call_raise (CE_Overflow_Check_Failed, gnat_node,
+				    N_Raise_Constraint_Error));
+    }
+
+  /* If the result has side-effects and is of an unconstrained type, make a
+     SAVE_EXPR so that we can be sure it will only be referenced once.  But
+     this is useless for a call to a function that returns an unconstrained
+     type with default discriminant, as we cannot compute the size of the
+     actual returned object.  We must do this before any conversions.  */
+  if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_result)
+      && !(TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == CALL_EXPR
+	   && TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result)))
+      && (TREE_CODE (gnu_result_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE
+	  || CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_result_type))))
+    gnu_result = gnat_stabilize_reference (gnu_result, false, NULL);
+
+  /* Now convert the result to the result type, unless we are in one of the
+     following cases:
+
+       1. If this is the LHS of an assignment or an actual parameter of a
+	  call, return the result almost unmodified since the RHS will have
+	  to be converted to our type in that case, unless the result type
+	  has a simpler size.  Likewise if there is just a no-op unchecked
+	  conversion in-between.  Similarly, don't convert integral types
+	  that are the operands of an unchecked conversion since we need
+	  to ignore those conversions (for 'Valid).
+
+       2. If we have a label (which doesn't have any well-defined type), a
+	  field or an error, return the result almost unmodified.  Similarly,
+	  if the two types are record types with the same name, don't convert.
+	  This will be the case when we are converting from a packable version
+	  of a type to its original type and we need those conversions to be
+	  NOPs in order for assignments into these types to work properly.
+
+       3. If the type is void or if we have no result, return error_mark_node
+	  to show we have no result.
+
+       4. If this a call to a function that returns an unconstrained type with
+	  default discriminant, return the call expression unmodified since we
+	  cannot compute the size of the actual returned object.
+
+       5. Finally, if the type of the result is already correct.  */
+
+  if (Present (Parent (gnat_node))
+      && (lhs_or_actual_p (gnat_node)
+	  || (Nkind (Parent (gnat_node)) == N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion
+	      && unchecked_conversion_nop (Parent (gnat_node)))
+	  || (Nkind (Parent (gnat_node)) == N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion
+	      && !AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (gnu_result_type)
+	      && !AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))))
+      && !(TYPE_SIZE (gnu_result_type)
+	   && TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))
+	   && (AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (gnu_result_type)
+	       == AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result)))
+	   && ((TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_result_type)) == INTEGER_CST
+		&& (TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result)))
+		    != INTEGER_CST))
+	       || (TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_result_type)) != INTEGER_CST
+		   && !CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_result_type))
+		   && (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P
+		       (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))))))
+	   && !(TREE_CODE (gnu_result_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+		&& TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (gnu_result_type))))
+    {
+      /* Remove padding only if the inner object is of self-referential
+	 size: in that case it must be an object of unconstrained type
+	 with a default discriminant and we want to avoid copying too
+	 much data.  */
+      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))
+	  && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS
+				     (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))))))
+	gnu_result = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))),
+			      gnu_result);
+    }
+
+  else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == LABEL_DECL
+	   || TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == FIELD_DECL
+	   || TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == ERROR_MARK
+	   || (TYPE_NAME (gnu_result_type)
+	       == TYPE_NAME (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))
+	       && TREE_CODE (gnu_result_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	       && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result)) == RECORD_TYPE))
+    {
+      /* Remove any padding.  */
+      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result)))
+	gnu_result = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))),
+			      gnu_result);
+    }
+
+  else if (gnu_result == error_mark_node || gnu_result_type == void_type_node)
+    gnu_result = error_mark_node;
+
+  else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == CALL_EXPR
+	   && TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))
+	   && TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result)))
+	      == gnu_result_type
+	   && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (gnu_result_type)))
+    ;
+
+  else if (TREE_TYPE (gnu_result) != gnu_result_type)
+    gnu_result = convert (gnu_result_type, gnu_result);
+
+  /* We don't need any NOP_EXPR or NON_LVALUE_EXPR on the result.  */
+  while ((TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == NOP_EXPR
+	  || TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == NON_LVALUE_EXPR)
+	 && TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_result, 0)) == TREE_TYPE (gnu_result))
+    gnu_result = TREE_OPERAND (gnu_result, 0);
+
+  return gnu_result;
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of above to push the exception label stack.  GNU_STACK is
+   a pointer to the stack to update and GNAT_LABEL, if present, is the
+   label to push onto the stack.  */
+
+static void
+push_exception_label_stack (vec<tree, va_gc> **gnu_stack, Entity_Id gnat_label)
+{
+  tree gnu_label = (Present (gnat_label)
+		    ? gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_label, NULL_TREE, 0)
+		    : NULL_TREE);
+
+  vec_safe_push (*gnu_stack, gnu_label);
+}
+
+/* Record the current code position in GNAT_NODE.  */
+
+static void
+record_code_position (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree stmt_stmt = build1 (STMT_STMT, void_type_node, NULL_TREE);
+
+  add_stmt_with_node (stmt_stmt, gnat_node);
+  save_gnu_tree (gnat_node, stmt_stmt, true);
+}
+
+/* Insert the code for GNAT_NODE at the position saved for that node.  */
+
+static void
+insert_code_for (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  STMT_STMT_STMT (get_gnu_tree (gnat_node)) = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_node);
+  save_gnu_tree (gnat_node, NULL_TREE, true);
+}
+
+/* Start a new statement group chained to the previous group.  */
+
+void
+start_stmt_group (void)
+{
+  struct stmt_group *group = stmt_group_free_list;
+
+  /* First see if we can get one from the free list.  */
+  if (group)
+    stmt_group_free_list = group->previous;
+  else
+    group = ggc_alloc_stmt_group ();
+
+  group->previous = current_stmt_group;
+  group->stmt_list = group->block = group->cleanups = NULL_TREE;
+  current_stmt_group = group;
+}
+
+/* Add GNU_STMT to the current statement group.  If it is an expression with
+   no effects, it is ignored.  */
+
+void
+add_stmt (tree gnu_stmt)
+{
+  append_to_statement_list (gnu_stmt, &current_stmt_group->stmt_list);
+}
+
+/* Similar, but the statement is always added, regardless of side-effects.  */
+
+void
+add_stmt_force (tree gnu_stmt)
+{
+  append_to_statement_list_force (gnu_stmt, &current_stmt_group->stmt_list);
+}
+
+/* Like add_stmt, but set the location of GNU_STMT to that of GNAT_NODE.  */
+
+void
+add_stmt_with_node (tree gnu_stmt, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  if (Present (gnat_node))
+    set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_stmt, gnat_node);
+  add_stmt (gnu_stmt);
+}
+
+/* Similar, but the statement is always added, regardless of side-effects.  */
+
+void
+add_stmt_with_node_force (tree gnu_stmt, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  if (Present (gnat_node))
+    set_expr_location_from_node (gnu_stmt, gnat_node);
+  add_stmt_force (gnu_stmt);
+}
+
+/* Add a declaration statement for GNU_DECL to the current statement group.
+   Get SLOC from Entity_Id.  */
+
+void
+add_decl_expr (tree gnu_decl, Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_decl);
+  tree gnu_stmt, gnu_init, t;
+
+  /* If this is a variable that Gigi is to ignore, we may have been given
+     an ERROR_MARK.  So test for it.  We also might have been given a
+     reference for a renaming.  So only do something for a decl.  Also
+     ignore a TYPE_DECL for an UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE.  */
+  if (!DECL_P (gnu_decl)
+      || (TREE_CODE (gnu_decl) == TYPE_DECL
+	  && TREE_CODE (type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE))
+    return;
+
+  gnu_stmt = build1 (DECL_EXPR, void_type_node, gnu_decl);
+
+  /* If we are external or global, we don't want to output the DECL_EXPR for
+     this DECL node since we already have evaluated the expressions in the
+     sizes and positions as globals and doing it again would be wrong.  */
+  if (DECL_EXTERNAL (gnu_decl) || global_bindings_p ())
+    {
+      /* Mark everything as used to prevent node sharing with subprograms.
+	 Note that walk_tree knows how to deal with TYPE_DECL, but neither
+	 VAR_DECL nor CONST_DECL.  This appears to be somewhat arbitrary.  */
+      MARK_VISITED (gnu_stmt);
+      if (TREE_CODE (gnu_decl) == VAR_DECL
+	  || TREE_CODE (gnu_decl) == CONST_DECL)
+	{
+	  MARK_VISITED (DECL_SIZE (gnu_decl));
+	  MARK_VISITED (DECL_SIZE_UNIT (gnu_decl));
+	  MARK_VISITED (DECL_INITIAL (gnu_decl));
+	}
+      /* In any case, we have to deal with our own TYPE_ADA_SIZE field.  */
+      else if (TREE_CODE (gnu_decl) == TYPE_DECL
+	       && RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (type)
+	       && !TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (type))
+	MARK_VISITED (TYPE_ADA_SIZE (type));
+    }
+  else
+    add_stmt_with_node (gnu_stmt, gnat_entity);
+
+  /* If this is a variable and an initializer is attached to it, it must be
+     valid for the context.  Similar to init_const in create_var_decl_1.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_decl) == VAR_DECL
+      && (gnu_init = DECL_INITIAL (gnu_decl)) != NULL_TREE
+      && (!gnat_types_compatible_p (type, TREE_TYPE (gnu_init))
+	  || (TREE_STATIC (gnu_decl)
+	      && !initializer_constant_valid_p (gnu_init,
+						TREE_TYPE (gnu_init)))))
+    {
+      /* If GNU_DECL has a padded type, convert it to the unpadded
+	 type so the assignment is done properly.  */
+      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (type))
+	t = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type)), gnu_decl);
+      else
+	t = gnu_decl;
+
+      gnu_stmt = build_binary_op (INIT_EXPR, NULL_TREE, t, gnu_init);
+
+      DECL_INITIAL (gnu_decl) = NULL_TREE;
+      if (TREE_READONLY (gnu_decl))
+	{
+	  TREE_READONLY (gnu_decl) = 0;
+	  DECL_READONLY_ONCE_ELAB (gnu_decl) = 1;
+	}
+
+      add_stmt_with_node (gnu_stmt, gnat_entity);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Callback for walk_tree to mark the visited trees rooted at *TP.  */
+
+static tree
+mark_visited_r (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  tree t = *tp;
+
+  if (TREE_VISITED (t))
+    *walk_subtrees = 0;
+
+  /* Don't mark a dummy type as visited because we want to mark its sizes
+     and fields once it's filled in.  */
+  else if (!TYPE_IS_DUMMY_P (t))
+    TREE_VISITED (t) = 1;
+
+  if (TYPE_P (t))
+    TYPE_SIZES_GIMPLIFIED (t) = 1;
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Mark nodes rooted at T with TREE_VISITED and types as having their
+   sized gimplified.  We use this to indicate all variable sizes and
+   positions in global types may not be shared by any subprogram.  */
+
+void
+mark_visited (tree t)
+{
+  walk_tree (&t, mark_visited_r, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+/* Add GNU_CLEANUP, a cleanup action, to the current code group and
+   set its location to that of GNAT_NODE if present, but with column info
+   cleared so that conditional branches generated as part of the cleanup
+   code do not interfere with coverage analysis tools.  */
+
+static void
+add_cleanup (tree gnu_cleanup, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  if (Present (gnat_node))
+    set_expr_location_from_node1 (gnu_cleanup, gnat_node, true);
+  append_to_statement_list (gnu_cleanup, &current_stmt_group->cleanups);
+}
+
+/* Set the BLOCK node corresponding to the current code group to GNU_BLOCK.  */
+
+void
+set_block_for_group (tree gnu_block)
+{
+  gcc_assert (!current_stmt_group->block);
+  current_stmt_group->block = gnu_block;
+}
+
+/* Return code corresponding to the current code group.  It is normally
+   a STATEMENT_LIST, but may also be a BIND_EXPR or TRY_FINALLY_EXPR if
+   BLOCK or cleanups were set.  */
+
+tree
+end_stmt_group (void)
+{
+  struct stmt_group *group = current_stmt_group;
+  tree gnu_retval = group->stmt_list;
+
+  /* If this is a null list, allocate a new STATEMENT_LIST.  Then, if there
+     are cleanups, make a TRY_FINALLY_EXPR.  Last, if there is a BLOCK,
+     make a BIND_EXPR.  Note that we nest in that because the cleanup may
+     reference variables in the block.  */
+  if (gnu_retval == NULL_TREE)
+    gnu_retval = alloc_stmt_list ();
+
+  if (group->cleanups)
+    gnu_retval = build2 (TRY_FINALLY_EXPR, void_type_node, gnu_retval,
+			 group->cleanups);
+
+  if (current_stmt_group->block)
+    gnu_retval = build3 (BIND_EXPR, void_type_node, BLOCK_VARS (group->block),
+			 gnu_retval, group->block);
+
+  /* Remove this group from the stack and add it to the free list.  */
+  current_stmt_group = group->previous;
+  group->previous = stmt_group_free_list;
+  stmt_group_free_list = group;
+
+  return gnu_retval;
+}
+
+/* Return whether the current statement group may fall through.  */
+
+static inline bool
+stmt_group_may_fallthru (void)
+{
+  if (current_stmt_group->stmt_list)
+    return block_may_fallthru (current_stmt_group->stmt_list);
+  else
+    return true;
+}
+
+/* Add a list of statements from GNAT_LIST, a possibly-empty list of
+   statements.*/
+
+static void
+add_stmt_list (List_Id gnat_list)
+{
+  Node_Id gnat_node;
+
+  if (Present (gnat_list))
+    for (gnat_node = First (gnat_list); Present (gnat_node);
+	 gnat_node = Next (gnat_node))
+      add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (gnat_node));
+}
+
+/* Build a tree from GNAT_LIST, a possibly-empty list of statements.
+   If BINDING_P is true, push and pop a binding level around the list.  */
+
+static tree
+build_stmt_group (List_Id gnat_list, bool binding_p)
+{
+  start_stmt_group ();
+  if (binding_p)
+    gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+  add_stmt_list (gnat_list);
+  if (binding_p)
+    gnat_poplevel ();
+
+  return end_stmt_group ();
+}
+
+/* Generate GIMPLE in place for the expression at *EXPR_P.  */
+
+int
+gnat_gimplify_expr (tree *expr_p, gimple_seq *pre_p,
+		    gimple_seq *post_p ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  tree expr = *expr_p;
+  tree op;
+
+  if (IS_ADA_STMT (expr))
+    return gnat_gimplify_stmt (expr_p);
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE (expr))
+    {
+    case NULL_EXPR:
+      /* If this is for a scalar, just make a VAR_DECL for it.  If for
+	 an aggregate, get a null pointer of the appropriate type and
+	 dereference it.  */
+      if (AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (expr)))
+	*expr_p = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, TREE_TYPE (expr),
+			  convert (build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (expr)),
+				   integer_zero_node));
+      else
+	{
+	  *expr_p = create_tmp_var (TREE_TYPE (expr), NULL);
+	  TREE_NO_WARNING (*expr_p) = 1;
+	}
+
+      gimplify_and_add (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0), pre_p);
+      return GS_OK;
+
+    case UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF:
+      /* We should only do this if we are just elaborating for side-effects,
+	 but we can't know that yet.  */
+      *expr_p = TREE_OPERAND (*expr_p, 0);
+      return GS_OK;
+
+    case ADDR_EXPR:
+      op = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
+
+      /* If we are taking the address of a constant CONSTRUCTOR, make sure it
+	 is put into static memory.  We know that it's going to be read-only
+	 given the semantics we have and it must be in static memory when the
+	 reference is in an elaboration procedure.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (op) == CONSTRUCTOR && TREE_CONSTANT (op))
+	{
+	  tree addr = build_fold_addr_expr (tree_output_constant_def (op));
+	  *expr_p = fold_convert (TREE_TYPE (expr), addr);
+	  return GS_ALL_DONE;
+	}
+
+      return GS_UNHANDLED;
+
+    case VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR:
+      op = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
+
+      /* If we are view-converting a CONSTRUCTOR or a call from an aggregate
+	 type to a scalar one, explicitly create the local temporary.  That's
+	 required if the type is passed by reference.  */
+      if ((TREE_CODE (op) == CONSTRUCTOR || TREE_CODE (op) == CALL_EXPR)
+	  && AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (op))
+	  && !AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (expr)))
+	{
+	  tree mod, new_var = create_tmp_var_raw (TREE_TYPE (op), "C");
+	  gimple_add_tmp_var (new_var);
+
+	  mod = build2 (INIT_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (new_var), new_var, op);
+	  gimplify_and_add (mod, pre_p);
+
+	  TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0) = new_var;
+	  return GS_OK;
+	}
+
+      return GS_UNHANDLED;
+
+    case DECL_EXPR:
+      op = DECL_EXPR_DECL (expr);
+
+      /* The expressions for the RM bounds must be gimplified to ensure that
+	 they are properly elaborated.  See gimplify_decl_expr.  */
+      if ((TREE_CODE (op) == TYPE_DECL || TREE_CODE (op) == VAR_DECL)
+	  && !TYPE_SIZES_GIMPLIFIED (TREE_TYPE (op)))
+	switch (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (op)))
+	  {
+	  case INTEGER_TYPE:
+	  case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
+	  case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
+	  case REAL_TYPE:
+	    {
+	      tree type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (op)), t, val;
+
+	      val = TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (type);
+	      if (val)
+		{
+		  gimplify_one_sizepos (&val, pre_p);
+		  for (t = type; t; t = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (t))
+		    SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (t, val);
+		}
+
+	      val = TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (type);
+	      if (val)
+		{
+		  gimplify_one_sizepos (&val, pre_p);
+		  for (t = type; t; t = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (t))
+		    SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (t, val);
+		}
+
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  default:
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    default:
+      return GS_UNHANDLED;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Generate GIMPLE in place for the statement at *STMT_P.  */
+
+static enum gimplify_status
+gnat_gimplify_stmt (tree *stmt_p)
+{
+  tree stmt = *stmt_p;
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE (stmt))
+    {
+    case STMT_STMT:
+      *stmt_p = STMT_STMT_STMT (stmt);
+      return GS_OK;
+
+    case LOOP_STMT:
+      {
+	tree gnu_start_label = create_artificial_label (input_location);
+	tree gnu_cond = LOOP_STMT_COND (stmt);
+	tree gnu_update = LOOP_STMT_UPDATE (stmt);
+	tree gnu_end_label = LOOP_STMT_LABEL (stmt);
+	tree t;
+
+	/* Build the condition expression from the test, if any.  */
+	if (gnu_cond)
+	  gnu_cond
+	    = build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node, gnu_cond, alloc_stmt_list (),
+		      build1 (GOTO_EXPR, void_type_node, gnu_end_label));
+
+	/* Set to emit the statements of the loop.  */
+	*stmt_p = NULL_TREE;
+
+	/* We first emit the start label and then a conditional jump to the
+	   end label if there's a top condition, then the update if it's at
+	   the top, then the body of the loop, then a conditional jump to
+	   the end label if there's a bottom condition, then the update if
+	   it's at the bottom, and finally a jump to the start label and the
+	   definition of the end label.  */
+	append_to_statement_list (build1 (LABEL_EXPR, void_type_node,
+					  gnu_start_label),
+				  stmt_p);
+
+        if (gnu_cond && !LOOP_STMT_BOTTOM_COND_P (stmt))
+	  append_to_statement_list (gnu_cond, stmt_p);
+
+        if (gnu_update && LOOP_STMT_TOP_UPDATE_P (stmt))
+	  append_to_statement_list (gnu_update, stmt_p);
+
+	append_to_statement_list (LOOP_STMT_BODY (stmt), stmt_p);
+
+        if (gnu_cond && LOOP_STMT_BOTTOM_COND_P (stmt))
+	  append_to_statement_list (gnu_cond, stmt_p);
+
+        if (gnu_update && !LOOP_STMT_TOP_UPDATE_P (stmt))
+	  append_to_statement_list (gnu_update, stmt_p);
+
+	t = build1 (GOTO_EXPR, void_type_node, gnu_start_label);
+	SET_EXPR_LOCATION (t, DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (gnu_end_label));
+	append_to_statement_list (t, stmt_p);
+
+	append_to_statement_list (build1 (LABEL_EXPR, void_type_node,
+					  gnu_end_label),
+				  stmt_p);
+	return GS_OK;
+      }
+
+    case EXIT_STMT:
+      /* Build a statement to jump to the corresponding end label, then
+	 see if it needs to be conditional.  */
+      *stmt_p = build1 (GOTO_EXPR, void_type_node, EXIT_STMT_LABEL (stmt));
+      if (EXIT_STMT_COND (stmt))
+	*stmt_p = build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node,
+			  EXIT_STMT_COND (stmt), *stmt_p, alloc_stmt_list ());
+      return GS_OK;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+}
+
+/* Force references to each of the entities in packages withed by GNAT_NODE.
+   Operate recursively but check that we aren't elaborating something more
+   than once.
+
+   This routine is exclusively called in type_annotate mode, to compute DDA
+   information for types in withed units, for ASIS use.  */
+
+static void
+elaborate_all_entities (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  Entity_Id gnat_with_clause, gnat_entity;
+
+  /* Process each unit only once.  As we trace the context of all relevant
+     units transitively, including generic bodies, we may encounter the
+     same generic unit repeatedly.  */
+  if (!present_gnu_tree (gnat_node))
+     save_gnu_tree (gnat_node, integer_zero_node, true);
+
+  /* Save entities in all context units.  A body may have an implicit_with
+     on its own spec, if the context includes a child unit, so don't save
+     the spec twice.  */
+  for (gnat_with_clause = First (Context_Items (gnat_node));
+       Present (gnat_with_clause);
+       gnat_with_clause = Next (gnat_with_clause))
+    if (Nkind (gnat_with_clause) == N_With_Clause
+	&& !present_gnu_tree (Library_Unit (gnat_with_clause))
+	&& Library_Unit (gnat_with_clause) != Library_Unit (Cunit (Main_Unit)))
+      {
+	elaborate_all_entities (Library_Unit (gnat_with_clause));
+
+	if (Ekind (Entity (Name (gnat_with_clause))) == E_Package)
+	  {
+	    for (gnat_entity = First_Entity (Entity (Name (gnat_with_clause)));
+		 Present (gnat_entity);
+		 gnat_entity = Next_Entity (gnat_entity))
+	      if (Is_Public (gnat_entity)
+		  && Convention (gnat_entity) != Convention_Intrinsic
+		  && Ekind (gnat_entity) != E_Package
+		  && Ekind (gnat_entity) != E_Package_Body
+		  && Ekind (gnat_entity) != E_Operator
+		  && !(IN (Ekind (gnat_entity), Type_Kind)
+		       && !Is_Frozen (gnat_entity))
+		  && !((Ekind (gnat_entity) == E_Procedure
+			|| Ekind (gnat_entity) == E_Function)
+		       && Is_Intrinsic_Subprogram (gnat_entity))
+		  && !IN (Ekind (gnat_entity), Named_Kind)
+		  && !IN (Ekind (gnat_entity), Generic_Unit_Kind))
+		gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_entity, NULL_TREE, 0);
+	  }
+	else if (Ekind (Entity (Name (gnat_with_clause))) == E_Generic_Package)
+	  {
+	    Node_Id gnat_body
+	      = Corresponding_Body (Unit (Library_Unit (gnat_with_clause)));
+
+	    /* Retrieve compilation unit node of generic body.  */
+	    while (Present (gnat_body)
+		   && Nkind (gnat_body) != N_Compilation_Unit)
+	      gnat_body = Parent (gnat_body);
+
+	    /* If body is available, elaborate its context.  */
+	    if (Present (gnat_body))
+	      elaborate_all_entities (gnat_body);
+	  }
+      }
+
+  if (Nkind (Unit (gnat_node)) == N_Package_Body)
+    elaborate_all_entities (Library_Unit (gnat_node));
+}
+
+/* Do the processing of GNAT_NODE, an N_Freeze_Entity.  */
+
+static void
+process_freeze_entity (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  const Entity_Id gnat_entity = Entity (gnat_node);
+  const Entity_Kind kind = Ekind (gnat_entity);
+  tree gnu_old, gnu_new;
+
+  /* If this is a package, we need to generate code for the package.  */
+  if (kind == E_Package)
+    {
+      insert_code_for
+	(Parent (Corresponding_Body
+		 (Parent (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity)))));
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Don't do anything for class-wide types as they are always transformed
+     into their root type.  */
+  if (kind == E_Class_Wide_Type)
+    return;
+
+  /* Check for an old definition.  This freeze node might be for an Itype.  */
+  gnu_old
+    = present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity) ? get_gnu_tree (gnat_entity) : NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* If this entity has an address representation clause, GNU_OLD is the
+     address, so discard it here.  */
+  if (Present (Address_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+    gnu_old = NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* Don't do anything for subprograms that may have been elaborated before
+     their freeze nodes.  This can happen, for example, because of an inner
+     call in an instance body or because of previous compilation of a spec
+     for inlining purposes.  */
+  if (gnu_old
+      && ((TREE_CODE (gnu_old) == FUNCTION_DECL
+	   && (kind == E_Function || kind == E_Procedure))
+	  || (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_old)) == FUNCTION_TYPE
+	      && kind == E_Subprogram_Type)))
+    return;
+
+  /* If we have a non-dummy type old tree, we have nothing to do, except
+     aborting if this is the public view of a private type whose full view was
+     not delayed, as this node was never delayed as it should have been.  We
+     let this happen for concurrent types and their Corresponding_Record_Type,
+     however, because each might legitimately be elaborated before its own
+     freeze node, e.g. while processing the other.  */
+  if (gnu_old
+      && !(TREE_CODE (gnu_old) == TYPE_DECL
+	   && TYPE_IS_DUMMY_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_old))))
+    {
+      gcc_assert ((IN (kind, Incomplete_Or_Private_Kind)
+		   && Present (Full_View (gnat_entity))
+		   && No (Freeze_Node (Full_View (gnat_entity))))
+		  || Is_Concurrent_Type (gnat_entity)
+		  || (IN (kind, Record_Kind)
+		      && Is_Concurrent_Record_Type (gnat_entity)));
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Reset the saved tree, if any, and elaborate the object or type for real.
+     If there is a full view, elaborate it and use the result.  And, if this
+     is the root type of a class-wide type, reuse it for the latter.  */
+  if (gnu_old)
+    {
+      save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, NULL_TREE, false);
+      if (IN (kind, Incomplete_Or_Private_Kind)
+	  && Present (Full_View (gnat_entity))
+	  && present_gnu_tree (Full_View (gnat_entity)))
+	save_gnu_tree (Full_View (gnat_entity), NULL_TREE, false);
+      if (IN (kind, Type_Kind)
+	  && Present (Class_Wide_Type (gnat_entity))
+	  && Root_Type (Class_Wide_Type (gnat_entity)) == gnat_entity)
+	save_gnu_tree (Class_Wide_Type (gnat_entity), NULL_TREE, false);
+    }
+
+  if (IN (kind, Incomplete_Or_Private_Kind)
+      && Present (Full_View (gnat_entity)))
+    {
+      gnu_new = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Full_View (gnat_entity), NULL_TREE, 1);
+
+      /* Propagate back-annotations from full view to partial view.  */
+      if (Unknown_Alignment (gnat_entity))
+	Set_Alignment (gnat_entity, Alignment (Full_View (gnat_entity)));
+
+      if (Unknown_Esize (gnat_entity))
+	Set_Esize (gnat_entity, Esize (Full_View (gnat_entity)));
+
+      if (Unknown_RM_Size (gnat_entity))
+	Set_RM_Size (gnat_entity, RM_Size (Full_View (gnat_entity)));
+
+      /* The above call may have defined this entity (the simplest example
+	 of this is when we have a private enumeral type since the bounds
+	 will have the public view).  */
+      if (!present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity))
+	save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, gnu_new, false);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      tree gnu_init
+	= (Nkind (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity)) == N_Object_Declaration
+	   && present_gnu_tree (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity)))
+	  ? get_gnu_tree (Declaration_Node (gnat_entity)) : NULL_TREE;
+
+      gnu_new = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_entity, gnu_init, 1);
+    }
+
+  if (IN (kind, Type_Kind)
+      && Present (Class_Wide_Type (gnat_entity))
+      && Root_Type (Class_Wide_Type (gnat_entity)) == gnat_entity)
+    save_gnu_tree (Class_Wide_Type (gnat_entity), gnu_new, false);
+
+  /* If we have an old type and we've made pointers to this type, update those
+     pointers.  If this is a Taft amendment type in the main unit, we need to
+     mark the type as used since other units referencing it don't see the full
+     declaration and, therefore, cannot mark it as used themselves.  */
+  if (gnu_old)
+    {
+      update_pointer_to (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (gnu_old)),
+			 TREE_TYPE (gnu_new));
+      if (DECL_TAFT_TYPE_P (gnu_old))
+	used_types_insert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_new));
+    }
+}
+
+/* Elaborate decls in the lists GNAT_DECLS and GNAT_DECLS2, if present.
+   We make two passes, one to elaborate anything other than bodies (but
+   we declare a function if there was no spec).  The second pass
+   elaborates the bodies.
+
+   GNAT_END_LIST gives the element in the list past the end.  Normally,
+   this is Empty, but can be First_Real_Statement for a
+   Handled_Sequence_Of_Statements.
+
+   We make a complete pass through both lists if PASS1P is true, then make
+   the second pass over both lists if PASS2P is true.  The lists usually
+   correspond to the public and private parts of a package.  */
+
+static void
+process_decls (List_Id gnat_decls, List_Id gnat_decls2,
+	       Node_Id gnat_end_list, bool pass1p, bool pass2p)
+{
+  List_Id gnat_decl_array[2];
+  Node_Id gnat_decl;
+  int i;
+
+  gnat_decl_array[0] = gnat_decls, gnat_decl_array[1] = gnat_decls2;
+
+  if (pass1p)
+    for (i = 0; i <= 1; i++)
+      if (Present (gnat_decl_array[i]))
+	for (gnat_decl = First (gnat_decl_array[i]);
+	     gnat_decl != gnat_end_list; gnat_decl = Next (gnat_decl))
+	  {
+	    /* For package specs, we recurse inside the declarations,
+	       thus taking the two pass approach inside the boundary.  */
+	    if (Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Package_Declaration
+		&& (Nkind (Specification (gnat_decl)
+			   == N_Package_Specification)))
+	      process_decls (Visible_Declarations (Specification (gnat_decl)),
+			     Private_Declarations (Specification (gnat_decl)),
+			     Empty, true, false);
+
+	    /* Similarly for any declarations in the actions of a
+	       freeze node.  */
+	    else if (Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Freeze_Entity)
+	      {
+		process_freeze_entity (gnat_decl);
+		process_decls (Actions (gnat_decl), Empty, Empty, true, false);
+	      }
+
+	    /* Package bodies with freeze nodes get their elaboration deferred
+	       until the freeze node, but the code must be placed in the right
+	       place, so record the code position now.  */
+	    else if (Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Package_Body
+		     && Present (Freeze_Node (Corresponding_Spec (gnat_decl))))
+	      record_code_position (gnat_decl);
+
+	    else if (Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Package_Body_Stub
+		     && Present (Library_Unit (gnat_decl))
+		     && Present (Freeze_Node
+				 (Corresponding_Spec
+				  (Proper_Body (Unit
+						(Library_Unit (gnat_decl)))))))
+	      record_code_position
+		(Proper_Body (Unit (Library_Unit (gnat_decl))));
+
+	    /* We defer most subprogram bodies to the second pass.  */
+	    else if (Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Subprogram_Body)
+	      {
+		if (Acts_As_Spec (gnat_decl))
+		  {
+		    Node_Id gnat_subprog_id = Defining_Entity (gnat_decl);
+
+		    if (Ekind (gnat_subprog_id) != E_Generic_Procedure
+			&& Ekind (gnat_subprog_id) != E_Generic_Function)
+		      gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_subprog_id, NULL_TREE, 1);
+		  }
+	      }
+
+	    /* For bodies and stubs that act as their own specs, the entity
+	       itself must be elaborated in the first pass, because it may
+	       be used in other declarations.  */
+	    else if (Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Subprogram_Body_Stub)
+	      {
+		Node_Id gnat_subprog_id
+		  = Defining_Entity (Specification (gnat_decl));
+
+		    if (Ekind (gnat_subprog_id) != E_Subprogram_Body
+			&& Ekind (gnat_subprog_id) != E_Generic_Procedure
+			&& Ekind (gnat_subprog_id) != E_Generic_Function)
+		      gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_subprog_id, NULL_TREE, 1);
+	      }
+
+	    /* Concurrent stubs stand for the corresponding subprogram bodies,
+	       which are deferred like other bodies.  */
+	    else if (Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Task_Body_Stub
+		     || Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Protected_Body_Stub)
+	      ;
+
+	    else
+	      add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (gnat_decl));
+	  }
+
+  /* Here we elaborate everything we deferred above except for package bodies,
+     which are elaborated at their freeze nodes.  Note that we must also
+     go inside things (package specs and freeze nodes) the first pass did.  */
+  if (pass2p)
+    for (i = 0; i <= 1; i++)
+      if (Present (gnat_decl_array[i]))
+	for (gnat_decl = First (gnat_decl_array[i]);
+	     gnat_decl != gnat_end_list; gnat_decl = Next (gnat_decl))
+	  {
+	    if (Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Subprogram_Body
+		|| Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Subprogram_Body_Stub
+		|| Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Task_Body_Stub
+		|| Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Protected_Body_Stub)
+	      add_stmt (gnat_to_gnu (gnat_decl));
+
+	    else if (Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Package_Declaration
+		     && (Nkind (Specification (gnat_decl)
+				== N_Package_Specification)))
+	      process_decls (Visible_Declarations (Specification (gnat_decl)),
+			     Private_Declarations (Specification (gnat_decl)),
+			     Empty, false, true);
+
+	    else if (Nkind (gnat_decl) == N_Freeze_Entity)
+	      process_decls (Actions (gnat_decl), Empty, Empty, false, true);
+	  }
+}
+
+/* Make a unary operation of kind CODE using build_unary_op, but guard
+   the operation by an overflow check.  CODE can be one of NEGATE_EXPR
+   or ABS_EXPR.  GNU_TYPE is the type desired for the result.  Usually
+   the operation is to be performed in that type.  GNAT_NODE is the gnat
+   node conveying the source location for which the error should be
+   signaled.  */
+
+static tree
+build_unary_op_trapv (enum tree_code code, tree gnu_type, tree operand,
+		      Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  gcc_assert (code == NEGATE_EXPR || code == ABS_EXPR);
+
+  operand = gnat_protect_expr (operand);
+
+  return emit_check (build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				      operand, TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_type)),
+		     build_unary_op (code, gnu_type, operand),
+		     CE_Overflow_Check_Failed, gnat_node);
+}
+
+/* Make a binary operation of kind CODE using build_binary_op, but guard
+   the operation by an overflow check.  CODE can be one of PLUS_EXPR,
+   MINUS_EXPR or MULT_EXPR.  GNU_TYPE is the type desired for the result.
+   Usually the operation is to be performed in that type.  GNAT_NODE is
+   the GNAT node conveying the source location for which the error should
+   be signaled.  */
+
+static tree
+build_binary_op_trapv (enum tree_code code, tree gnu_type, tree left,
+		       tree right, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree lhs = gnat_protect_expr (left);
+  tree rhs = gnat_protect_expr (right);
+  tree type_max = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_type);
+  tree type_min = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_type);
+  tree gnu_expr;
+  tree tmp1, tmp2;
+  tree zero = convert (gnu_type, integer_zero_node);
+  tree rhs_lt_zero;
+  tree check_pos;
+  tree check_neg;
+  tree check;
+  int precision = TYPE_PRECISION (gnu_type);
+
+  gcc_assert (!(precision & (precision - 1))); /* ensure power of 2 */
+
+  /* Prefer a constant or known-positive rhs to simplify checks.  */
+  if (!TREE_CONSTANT (rhs)
+      && commutative_tree_code (code)
+      && (TREE_CONSTANT (lhs) || (!tree_expr_nonnegative_p (rhs)
+				  && tree_expr_nonnegative_p (lhs))))
+    {
+      tree tmp = lhs;
+      lhs = rhs;
+      rhs = tmp;
+    }
+
+  rhs_lt_zero = tree_expr_nonnegative_p (rhs)
+		? boolean_false_node
+		: build_binary_op (LT_EXPR, boolean_type_node, rhs, zero);
+
+  /* ??? Should use more efficient check for operand_equal_p (lhs, rhs, 0) */
+
+  /* Try a few strategies that may be cheaper than the general
+     code at the end of the function, if the rhs is not known.
+     The strategies are:
+       - Call library function for 64-bit multiplication (complex)
+       - Widen, if input arguments are sufficiently small
+       - Determine overflow using wrapped result for addition/subtraction.  */
+
+  if (!TREE_CONSTANT (rhs))
+    {
+      /* Even for add/subtract double size to get another base type.  */
+      int needed_precision = precision * 2;
+
+      if (code == MULT_EXPR && precision == 64)
+	{
+	  tree int_64 = gnat_type_for_size (64, 0);
+
+	  return convert (gnu_type, build_call_n_expr (mulv64_decl, 2,
+						       convert (int_64, lhs),
+						       convert (int_64, rhs)));
+	}
+
+      else if (needed_precision <= BITS_PER_WORD
+	       || (code == MULT_EXPR
+		   && needed_precision <= LONG_LONG_TYPE_SIZE))
+	{
+	  tree wide_type = gnat_type_for_size (needed_precision, 0);
+
+	  tree wide_result = build_binary_op (code, wide_type,
+					      convert (wide_type, lhs),
+					      convert (wide_type, rhs));
+
+	  tree check = build_binary_op
+	    (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+	     build_binary_op (LT_EXPR, boolean_type_node, wide_result,
+			      convert (wide_type, type_min)),
+	     build_binary_op (GT_EXPR, boolean_type_node, wide_result,
+			      convert (wide_type, type_max)));
+
+	  tree result = convert (gnu_type, wide_result);
+
+	  return
+	    emit_check (check, result, CE_Overflow_Check_Failed, gnat_node);
+	}
+
+      else if (code == PLUS_EXPR || code == MINUS_EXPR)
+	{
+	  tree unsigned_type = gnat_type_for_size (precision, 1);
+	  tree wrapped_expr = convert
+	    (gnu_type, build_binary_op (code, unsigned_type,
+					convert (unsigned_type, lhs),
+					convert (unsigned_type, rhs)));
+
+	  tree result = convert
+	    (gnu_type, build_binary_op (code, gnu_type, lhs, rhs));
+
+	  /* Overflow when (rhs < 0) ^ (wrapped_expr < lhs)), for addition
+	     or when (rhs < 0) ^ (wrapped_expr > lhs) for subtraction.  */
+	  tree check = build_binary_op
+	    (TRUTH_XOR_EXPR, boolean_type_node, rhs_lt_zero,
+	     build_binary_op (code == PLUS_EXPR ? LT_EXPR : GT_EXPR,
+			      boolean_type_node, wrapped_expr, lhs));
+
+	  return
+	    emit_check (check, result, CE_Overflow_Check_Failed, gnat_node);
+	}
+   }
+
+  switch (code)
+    {
+    case PLUS_EXPR:
+      /* When rhs >= 0, overflow when lhs > type_max - rhs.  */
+      check_pos = build_binary_op (GT_EXPR, boolean_type_node, lhs,
+				   build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR, gnu_type,
+						    type_max, rhs)),
+
+      /* When rhs < 0, overflow when lhs < type_min - rhs.  */
+      check_neg = build_binary_op (LT_EXPR, boolean_type_node, lhs,
+				   build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR, gnu_type,
+						    type_min, rhs));
+      break;
+
+    case MINUS_EXPR:
+      /* When rhs >= 0, overflow when lhs < type_min + rhs.  */
+      check_pos = build_binary_op (LT_EXPR, boolean_type_node, lhs,
+				   build_binary_op (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_type,
+						    type_min, rhs)),
+
+      /* When rhs < 0, overflow when lhs > type_max + rhs.  */
+      check_neg = build_binary_op (GT_EXPR, boolean_type_node, lhs,
+				   build_binary_op (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_type,
+						    type_max, rhs));
+      break;
+
+    case MULT_EXPR:
+      /* The check here is designed to be efficient if the rhs is constant,
+	 but it will work for any rhs by using integer division.
+	 Four different check expressions determine whether X * C overflows,
+	 depending on C.
+	   C ==  0  =>  false
+	   C  >  0  =>  X > type_max / C || X < type_min / C
+	   C == -1  =>  X == type_min
+	   C  < -1  =>  X > type_min / C || X < type_max / C */
+
+      tmp1 = build_binary_op (TRUNC_DIV_EXPR, gnu_type, type_max, rhs);
+      tmp2 = build_binary_op (TRUNC_DIV_EXPR, gnu_type, type_min, rhs);
+
+      check_pos
+	= build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+			   build_binary_op (NE_EXPR, boolean_type_node, zero,
+					    rhs),
+			   build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+					    build_binary_op (GT_EXPR,
+							     boolean_type_node,
+							     lhs, tmp1),
+					    build_binary_op (LT_EXPR,
+							     boolean_type_node,
+							     lhs, tmp2)));
+
+      check_neg
+	= fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+		       build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node, rhs,
+					build_int_cst (gnu_type, -1)),
+		       build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node, lhs,
+					type_min),
+		       build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+					build_binary_op (GT_EXPR,
+							 boolean_type_node,
+							 lhs, tmp2),
+					build_binary_op (LT_EXPR,
+							 boolean_type_node,
+							 lhs, tmp1)));
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable();
+    }
+
+  gnu_expr = build_binary_op (code, gnu_type, lhs, rhs);
+
+  /* If we can fold the expression to a constant, just return it.
+     The caller will deal with overflow, no need to generate a check.  */
+  if (TREE_CONSTANT (gnu_expr))
+    return gnu_expr;
+
+  check = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, boolean_type_node, rhs_lt_zero, check_neg,
+		       check_pos);
+
+  return emit_check (check, gnu_expr, CE_Overflow_Check_Failed, gnat_node);
+}
+
+/* Emit code for a range check.  GNU_EXPR is the expression to be checked,
+   GNAT_RANGE_TYPE the gnat type or subtype containing the bounds against
+   which we have to check.  GNAT_NODE is the GNAT node conveying the source
+   location for which the error should be signaled.  */
+
+static tree
+emit_range_check (tree gnu_expr, Entity_Id gnat_range_type, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree gnu_range_type = get_unpadded_type (gnat_range_type);
+  tree gnu_compare_type = get_base_type (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr));
+
+  /* If GNU_EXPR has GNAT_RANGE_TYPE as its base type, no check is needed.
+     This can for example happen when translating 'Val or 'Value.  */
+  if (gnu_compare_type == gnu_range_type)
+    return gnu_expr;
+
+  /* Range checks can only be applied to types with ranges.  */
+  gcc_assert (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_range_type)
+              || SCALAR_FLOAT_TYPE_P (gnu_range_type));
+
+  /* If GNU_EXPR has an integral type that is narrower than GNU_RANGE_TYPE,
+     we can't do anything since we might be truncating the bounds.  No
+     check is needed in this case.  */
+  if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr))
+      && (TYPE_PRECISION (gnu_compare_type)
+	  < TYPE_PRECISION (get_base_type (gnu_range_type))))
+    return gnu_expr;
+
+  /* Checked expressions must be evaluated only once.  */
+  gnu_expr = gnat_protect_expr (gnu_expr);
+
+  /* Note that the form of the check is
+	(not (expr >= lo)) or (not (expr <= hi))
+     the reason for this slightly convoluted form is that NaNs
+     are not considered to be in range in the float case.  */
+  return emit_check
+    (build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+		      invert_truthvalue
+		      (build_binary_op (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				        convert (gnu_compare_type, gnu_expr),
+				        convert (gnu_compare_type,
+						 TYPE_MIN_VALUE
+						 (gnu_range_type)))),
+		      invert_truthvalue
+		      (build_binary_op (LE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+					convert (gnu_compare_type, gnu_expr),
+					convert (gnu_compare_type,
+						 TYPE_MAX_VALUE
+						 (gnu_range_type))))),
+     gnu_expr, CE_Range_Check_Failed, gnat_node);
+}
+
+/* Emit code for an index check.  GNU_ARRAY_OBJECT is the array object which
+   we are about to index, GNU_EXPR is the index expression to be checked,
+   GNU_LOW and GNU_HIGH are the lower and upper bounds against which GNU_EXPR
+   has to be checked.  Note that for index checking we cannot simply use the
+   emit_range_check function (although very similar code needs to be generated
+   in both cases) since for index checking the array type against which we are
+   checking the indices may be unconstrained and consequently we need to get
+   the actual index bounds from the array object itself (GNU_ARRAY_OBJECT).
+   The place where we need to do that is in subprograms having unconstrained
+   array formal parameters.  GNAT_NODE is the GNAT node conveying the source
+   location for which the error should be signaled.  */
+
+static tree
+emit_index_check (tree gnu_array_object, tree gnu_expr, tree gnu_low,
+		  tree gnu_high, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree gnu_expr_check;
+
+  /* Checked expressions must be evaluated only once.  */
+  gnu_expr = gnat_protect_expr (gnu_expr);
+
+  /* Must do this computation in the base type in case the expression's
+     type is an unsigned subtypes.  */
+  gnu_expr_check = convert (get_base_type (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr)), gnu_expr);
+
+  /* If GNU_LOW or GNU_HIGH are a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, qualify them by
+     the object we are handling.  */
+  gnu_low = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (gnu_low, gnu_array_object);
+  gnu_high = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (gnu_high, gnu_array_object);
+
+  return emit_check
+    (build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+		      build_binary_op (LT_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				       gnu_expr_check,
+				       convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr_check),
+						gnu_low)),
+		      build_binary_op (GT_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				       gnu_expr_check,
+				       convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr_check),
+						gnu_high))),
+     gnu_expr, CE_Index_Check_Failed, gnat_node);
+}
+
+/* GNU_COND contains the condition corresponding to an access, discriminant or
+   range check of value GNU_EXPR.  Build a COND_EXPR that returns GNU_EXPR if
+   GNU_COND is false and raises a CONSTRAINT_ERROR if GNU_COND is true.
+   REASON is the code that says why the exception was raised.  GNAT_NODE is
+   the GNAT node conveying the source location for which the error should be
+   signaled.  */
+
+static tree
+emit_check (tree gnu_cond, tree gnu_expr, int reason, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree gnu_call
+    = build_call_raise (reason, gnat_node, N_Raise_Constraint_Error);
+  tree gnu_result
+    = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr), gnu_cond,
+		   build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr), gnu_call,
+			   convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr), integer_zero_node)),
+		   gnu_expr);
+
+  /* GNU_RESULT has side effects if and only if GNU_EXPR has:
+     we don't need to evaluate it just for the check.  */
+  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_result) = TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (gnu_expr);
+
+  return gnu_result;
+}
+
+/* Return an expression that converts GNU_EXPR to GNAT_TYPE, doing overflow
+   checks if OVERFLOW_P is true and range checks if RANGE_P is true.
+   GNAT_TYPE is known to be an integral type.  If TRUNCATE_P true, do a
+   float to integer conversion with truncation; otherwise round.
+   GNAT_NODE is the GNAT node conveying the source location for which the
+   error should be signaled.  */
+
+static tree
+convert_with_check (Entity_Id gnat_type, tree gnu_expr, bool overflowp,
+		    bool rangep, bool truncatep, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree gnu_type = get_unpadded_type (gnat_type);
+  tree gnu_in_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr);
+  tree gnu_in_basetype = get_base_type (gnu_in_type);
+  tree gnu_base_type = get_base_type (gnu_type);
+  tree gnu_result = gnu_expr;
+
+  /* If we are not doing any checks, the output is an integral type, and
+     the input is not a floating type, just do the conversion.  This
+     shortcut is required to avoid problems with packed array types
+     and simplifies code in all cases anyway.   */
+  if (!rangep && !overflowp && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_base_type)
+      && !FLOAT_TYPE_P (gnu_in_type))
+    return convert (gnu_type, gnu_expr);
+
+  /* First convert the expression to its base type.  This
+     will never generate code, but makes the tests below much simpler.
+     But don't do this if converting from an integer type to an unconstrained
+     array type since then we need to get the bounds from the original
+     (unpacked) type.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_type) != UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+    gnu_result = convert (gnu_in_basetype, gnu_result);
+
+  /* If overflow checks are requested,  we need to be sure the result will
+     fit in the output base type.  But don't do this if the input
+     is integer and the output floating-point.  */
+  if (overflowp
+      && !(FLOAT_TYPE_P (gnu_base_type) && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_in_basetype)))
+    {
+      /* Ensure GNU_EXPR only gets evaluated once.  */
+      tree gnu_input = gnat_protect_expr (gnu_result);
+      tree gnu_cond = boolean_false_node;
+      tree gnu_in_lb = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_in_basetype);
+      tree gnu_in_ub = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_in_basetype);
+      tree gnu_out_lb = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (gnu_base_type);
+      tree gnu_out_ub = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (gnu_base_type);
+
+      /* Convert the lower bounds to signed types, so we're sure we're
+	 comparing them properly.  Likewise, convert the upper bounds
+	 to unsigned types.  */
+      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_in_basetype) && TYPE_UNSIGNED (gnu_in_basetype))
+	gnu_in_lb = convert (gnat_signed_type (gnu_in_basetype), gnu_in_lb);
+
+      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_in_basetype)
+	  && !TYPE_UNSIGNED (gnu_in_basetype))
+	gnu_in_ub = convert (gnat_unsigned_type (gnu_in_basetype), gnu_in_ub);
+
+      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_base_type) && TYPE_UNSIGNED (gnu_base_type))
+	gnu_out_lb = convert (gnat_signed_type (gnu_base_type), gnu_out_lb);
+
+      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_base_type) && !TYPE_UNSIGNED (gnu_base_type))
+	gnu_out_ub = convert (gnat_unsigned_type (gnu_base_type), gnu_out_ub);
+
+      /* Check each bound separately and only if the result bound
+	 is tighter than the bound on the input type.  Note that all the
+	 types are base types, so the bounds must be constant. Also,
+	 the comparison is done in the base type of the input, which
+	 always has the proper signedness.  First check for input
+	 integer (which means output integer), output float (which means
+	 both float), or mixed, in which case we always compare.
+	 Note that we have to do the comparison which would *fail* in the
+	 case of an error since if it's an FP comparison and one of the
+	 values is a NaN or Inf, the comparison will fail.  */
+      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_in_basetype)
+	  ? tree_int_cst_lt (gnu_in_lb, gnu_out_lb)
+	  : (FLOAT_TYPE_P (gnu_base_type)
+	     ? REAL_VALUES_LESS (TREE_REAL_CST (gnu_in_lb),
+				 TREE_REAL_CST (gnu_out_lb))
+	     : 1))
+	gnu_cond
+	  = invert_truthvalue
+	    (build_binary_op (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+			      gnu_input, convert (gnu_in_basetype,
+						  gnu_out_lb)));
+
+      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_in_basetype)
+	  ? tree_int_cst_lt (gnu_out_ub, gnu_in_ub)
+	  : (FLOAT_TYPE_P (gnu_base_type)
+	     ? REAL_VALUES_LESS (TREE_REAL_CST (gnu_out_ub),
+				 TREE_REAL_CST (gnu_in_lb))
+	     : 1))
+	gnu_cond
+	  = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node, gnu_cond,
+			     invert_truthvalue
+			     (build_binary_op (LE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+					       gnu_input,
+					       convert (gnu_in_basetype,
+							gnu_out_ub))));
+
+      if (!integer_zerop (gnu_cond))
+	gnu_result = emit_check (gnu_cond, gnu_input,
+				 CE_Overflow_Check_Failed, gnat_node);
+    }
+
+  /* Now convert to the result base type.  If this is a non-truncating
+     float-to-integer conversion, round.  */
+  if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_base_type) && FLOAT_TYPE_P (gnu_in_basetype)
+      && !truncatep)
+    {
+      REAL_VALUE_TYPE half_minus_pred_half, pred_half;
+      tree gnu_conv, gnu_zero, gnu_comp, calc_type;
+      tree gnu_pred_half, gnu_add_pred_half, gnu_subtract_pred_half;
+      const struct real_format *fmt;
+
+      /* The following calculations depend on proper rounding to even
+	 of each arithmetic operation. In order to prevent excess
+	 precision from spoiling this property, use the widest hardware
+	 floating-point type if FP_ARITH_MAY_WIDEN is true.  */
+      calc_type
+	= FP_ARITH_MAY_WIDEN ? longest_float_type_node : gnu_in_basetype;
+
+      /* FIXME: Should not have padding in the first place.  */
+      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (calc_type))
+	calc_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (calc_type));
+
+      /* Compute the exact value calc_type'Pred (0.5) at compile time.  */
+      fmt = REAL_MODE_FORMAT (TYPE_MODE (calc_type));
+      real_2expN (&half_minus_pred_half, -(fmt->p) - 1, TYPE_MODE (calc_type));
+      REAL_ARITHMETIC (pred_half, MINUS_EXPR, dconsthalf,
+		       half_minus_pred_half);
+      gnu_pred_half = build_real (calc_type, pred_half);
+
+      /* If the input is strictly negative, subtract this value
+	 and otherwise add it from the input.  For 0.5, the result
+	 is exactly between 1.0 and the machine number preceding 1.0
+	 (for calc_type).  Since the last bit of 1.0 is even, this 0.5
+	 will round to 1.0, while all other number with an absolute
+	 value less than 0.5 round to 0.0.  For larger numbers exactly
+	 halfway between integers, rounding will always be correct as
+	 the true mathematical result will be closer to the higher
+	 integer compared to the lower one.  So, this constant works
+	 for all floating-point numbers.
+
+	 The reason to use the same constant with subtract/add instead
+	 of a positive and negative constant is to allow the comparison
+	 to be scheduled in parallel with retrieval of the constant and
+	 conversion of the input to the calc_type (if necessary).  */
+
+      gnu_zero = convert (gnu_in_basetype, integer_zero_node);
+      gnu_result = gnat_protect_expr (gnu_result);
+      gnu_conv = convert (calc_type, gnu_result);
+      gnu_comp
+	= fold_build2 (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node, gnu_result, gnu_zero);
+      gnu_add_pred_half
+	= fold_build2 (PLUS_EXPR, calc_type, gnu_conv, gnu_pred_half);
+      gnu_subtract_pred_half
+	= fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, calc_type, gnu_conv, gnu_pred_half);
+      gnu_result = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, calc_type, gnu_comp,
+				gnu_add_pred_half, gnu_subtract_pred_half);
+    }
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_base_type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+      && TYPE_HAS_ACTUAL_BOUNDS_P (gnu_base_type)
+      && TREE_CODE (gnu_result) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF)
+    gnu_result = unchecked_convert (gnu_base_type, gnu_result, false);
+  else
+    gnu_result = convert (gnu_base_type, gnu_result);
+
+  /* Finally, do the range check if requested.  Note that if the result type
+     is a modular type, the range check is actually an overflow check.  */
+  if (rangep
+      || (TREE_CODE (gnu_base_type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_MODULAR_P (gnu_base_type) && overflowp))
+    gnu_result = emit_range_check (gnu_result, gnat_type, gnat_node);
+
+  return convert (gnu_type, gnu_result);
+}
+
+/* Return true if GNU_EXPR can be directly addressed.  This is the case
+   unless it is an expression involving computation or if it involves a
+   reference to a bitfield or to an object not sufficiently aligned for
+   its type.  If GNU_TYPE is non-null, return true only if GNU_EXPR can
+   be directly addressed as an object of this type.
+
+   *** Notes on addressability issues in the Ada compiler ***
+
+   This predicate is necessary in order to bridge the gap between Gigi
+   and the middle-end about addressability of GENERIC trees.  A tree
+   is said to be addressable if it can be directly addressed, i.e. if
+   its address can be taken, is a multiple of the type's alignment on
+   strict-alignment architectures and returns the first storage unit
+   assigned to the object represented by the tree.
+
+   In the C family of languages, everything is in practice addressable
+   at the language level, except for bit-fields.  This means that these
+   compilers will take the address of any tree that doesn't represent
+   a bit-field reference and expect the result to be the first storage
+   unit assigned to the object.  Even in cases where this will result
+   in unaligned accesses at run time, nothing is supposed to be done
+   and the program is considered as erroneous instead (see PR c/18287).
+
+   The implicit assumptions made in the middle-end are in keeping with
+   the C viewpoint described above:
+     - the address of a bit-field reference is supposed to be never
+       taken; the compiler (generally) will stop on such a construct,
+     - any other tree is addressable if it is formally addressable,
+       i.e. if it is formally allowed to be the operand of ADDR_EXPR.
+
+   In Ada, the viewpoint is the opposite one: nothing is addressable
+   at the language level unless explicitly declared so.  This means
+   that the compiler will both make sure that the trees representing
+   references to addressable ("aliased" in Ada parlance) objects are
+   addressable and make no real attempts at ensuring that the trees
+   representing references to non-addressable objects are addressable.
+
+   In the first case, Ada is effectively equivalent to C and handing
+   down the direct result of applying ADDR_EXPR to these trees to the
+   middle-end works flawlessly.  In the second case, Ada cannot afford
+   to consider the program as erroneous if the address of trees that
+   are not addressable is requested for technical reasons, unlike C;
+   as a consequence, the Ada compiler must arrange for either making
+   sure that this address is not requested in the middle-end or for
+   compensating by inserting temporaries if it is requested in Gigi.
+
+   The first goal can be achieved because the middle-end should not
+   request the address of non-addressable trees on its own; the only
+   exception is for the invocation of low-level block operations like
+   memcpy, for which the addressability requirements are lower since
+   the type's alignment can be disregarded.  In practice, this means
+   that Gigi must make sure that such operations cannot be applied to
+   non-BLKmode bit-fields.
+
+   The second goal is achieved by means of the addressable_p predicate,
+   which computes whether a temporary must be inserted by Gigi when the
+   address of a tree is requested; if so, the address of the temporary
+   will be used in lieu of that of the original tree and some glue code
+   generated to connect everything together.  */
+
+static bool
+addressable_p (tree gnu_expr, tree gnu_type)
+{
+  /* For an integral type, the size of the actual type of the object may not
+     be greater than that of the expected type, otherwise an indirect access
+     in the latter type wouldn't correctly set all the bits of the object.  */
+  if (gnu_type
+      && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (gnu_type)
+      && smaller_form_type_p (gnu_type, TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr)))
+    return false;
+
+  /* The size of the actual type of the object may not be smaller than that
+     of the expected type, otherwise an indirect access in the latter type
+     would be larger than the object.  But only record types need to be
+     considered in practice for this case.  */
+  if (gnu_type
+      && TREE_CODE (gnu_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+      && smaller_form_type_p (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr), gnu_type))
+    return false;
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE (gnu_expr))
+    {
+    case VAR_DECL:
+    case PARM_DECL:
+    case FUNCTION_DECL:
+    case RESULT_DECL:
+      /* All DECLs are addressable: if they are in a register, we can force
+	 them to memory.  */
+      return true;
+
+    case UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF:
+    case INDIRECT_REF:
+      /* Taking the address of a dereference yields the original pointer.  */
+      return true;
+
+    case STRING_CST:
+    case INTEGER_CST:
+      /* Taking the address yields a pointer to the constant pool.  */
+      return true;
+
+    case CONSTRUCTOR:
+      /* Taking the address of a static constructor yields a pointer to the
+	 tree constant pool.  */
+      return TREE_STATIC (gnu_expr) ? true : false;
+
+    case NULL_EXPR:
+    case SAVE_EXPR:
+    case CALL_EXPR:
+    case PLUS_EXPR:
+    case MINUS_EXPR:
+    case BIT_IOR_EXPR:
+    case BIT_XOR_EXPR:
+    case BIT_AND_EXPR:
+    case BIT_NOT_EXPR:
+      /* All rvalues are deemed addressable since taking their address will
+	 force a temporary to be created by the middle-end.  */
+      return true;
+
+    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
+      /* The address of a compound expression is that of its 2nd operand.  */
+      return addressable_p (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 1), gnu_type);
+
+    case COND_EXPR:
+      /* We accept &COND_EXPR as soon as both operands are addressable and
+	 expect the outcome to be the address of the selected operand.  */
+      return (addressable_p (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 1), NULL_TREE)
+	      && addressable_p (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 2), NULL_TREE));
+
+    case COMPONENT_REF:
+      return (((!DECL_BIT_FIELD (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 1))
+		/* Even with DECL_BIT_FIELD cleared, we have to ensure that
+		   the field is sufficiently aligned, in case it is subject
+		   to a pragma Component_Alignment.  But we don't need to
+		   check the alignment of the containing record, as it is
+		   guaranteed to be not smaller than that of its most
+		   aligned field that is not a bit-field.  */
+		&& (!STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+		    || DECL_ALIGN (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 1))
+		       >= TYPE_ALIGN (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr))))
+	       /* The field of a padding record is always addressable.  */
+	       || TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0))))
+	      && addressable_p (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0), NULL_TREE));
+
+    case ARRAY_REF:  case ARRAY_RANGE_REF:
+    case REALPART_EXPR:  case IMAGPART_EXPR:
+    case NOP_EXPR:
+      return addressable_p (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0), NULL_TREE);
+
+    case CONVERT_EXPR:
+      return (AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr))
+	      && addressable_p (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0), NULL_TREE));
+
+    case VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR:
+      {
+	/* This is addressable if we can avoid a copy.  */
+	tree type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr);
+	tree inner_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0));
+	return (((TYPE_MODE (type) == TYPE_MODE (inner_type)
+		  && (!STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+		      || TYPE_ALIGN (type) <= TYPE_ALIGN (inner_type)
+		      || TYPE_ALIGN (inner_type) >= BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT))
+		 || ((TYPE_MODE (type) == BLKmode
+		      || TYPE_MODE (inner_type) == BLKmode)
+		     && (!STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+			 || TYPE_ALIGN (type) <= TYPE_ALIGN (inner_type)
+			 || TYPE_ALIGN (inner_type) >= BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT
+			 || TYPE_ALIGN_OK (type)
+			 || TYPE_ALIGN_OK (inner_type))))
+		&& addressable_p (TREE_OPERAND (gnu_expr, 0), NULL_TREE));
+      }
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Do the processing for the declaration of a GNAT_ENTITY, a type.  If
+   a separate Freeze node exists, delay the bulk of the processing.  Otherwise
+   make a GCC type for GNAT_ENTITY and set up the correspondence.  */
+
+void
+process_type (Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  tree gnu_old
+    = present_gnu_tree (gnat_entity) ? get_gnu_tree (gnat_entity) : 0;
+  tree gnu_new;
+
+  /* If we are to delay elaboration of this type, just do any
+     elaborations needed for expressions within the declaration and
+     make a dummy type entry for this node and its Full_View (if
+     any) in case something points to it.  Don't do this if it
+     has already been done (the only way that can happen is if
+     the private completion is also delayed).  */
+  if (Present (Freeze_Node (gnat_entity))
+      || (IN (Ekind (gnat_entity), Incomplete_Or_Private_Kind)
+	  && Present (Full_View (gnat_entity))
+	  && Present (Freeze_Node (Full_View (gnat_entity)))
+	  && !present_gnu_tree (Full_View (gnat_entity))))
+    {
+      elaborate_entity (gnat_entity);
+
+      if (!gnu_old)
+	{
+	  tree gnu_decl = TYPE_STUB_DECL (make_dummy_type (gnat_entity));
+	  save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, gnu_decl, false);
+	  if (IN (Ekind (gnat_entity), Incomplete_Or_Private_Kind)
+	      && Present (Full_View (gnat_entity)))
+	    {
+	      if (Has_Completion_In_Body (gnat_entity))
+		DECL_TAFT_TYPE_P (gnu_decl) = 1;
+	      save_gnu_tree (Full_View (gnat_entity), gnu_decl, false);
+	    }
+	}
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* If we saved away a dummy type for this node it means that this
+     made the type that corresponds to the full type of an incomplete
+     type.  Clear that type for now and then update the type in the
+     pointers.  */
+  if (gnu_old)
+    {
+      gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (gnu_old) == TYPE_DECL
+		  && TYPE_IS_DUMMY_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_old)));
+
+      save_gnu_tree (gnat_entity, NULL_TREE, false);
+    }
+
+  /* Now fully elaborate the type.  */
+  gnu_new = gnat_to_gnu_entity (gnat_entity, NULL_TREE, 1);
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (gnu_new) == TYPE_DECL);
+
+  /* If we have an old type and we've made pointers to this type, update those
+     pointers.  If this is a Taft amendment type in the main unit, we need to
+     mark the type as used since other units referencing it don't see the full
+     declaration and, therefore, cannot mark it as used themselves.  */
+  if (gnu_old)
+    {
+      update_pointer_to (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (gnu_old)),
+			 TREE_TYPE (gnu_new));
+      if (DECL_TAFT_TYPE_P (gnu_old))
+	used_types_insert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_new));
+    }
+
+  /* If this is a record type corresponding to a task or protected type
+     that is a completion of an incomplete type, perform a similar update
+     on the type.  ??? Including protected types here is a guess.  */
+  if (IN (Ekind (gnat_entity), Record_Kind)
+      && Is_Concurrent_Record_Type (gnat_entity)
+      && present_gnu_tree (Corresponding_Concurrent_Type (gnat_entity)))
+    {
+      tree gnu_task_old
+	= get_gnu_tree (Corresponding_Concurrent_Type (gnat_entity));
+
+      save_gnu_tree (Corresponding_Concurrent_Type (gnat_entity),
+		     NULL_TREE, false);
+      save_gnu_tree (Corresponding_Concurrent_Type (gnat_entity),
+		     gnu_new, false);
+
+      update_pointer_to (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (gnu_task_old)),
+			 TREE_TYPE (gnu_new));
+    }
+}
+
+/* GNAT_ENTITY is the type of the resulting constructor, GNAT_ASSOC is the
+   front of the Component_Associations of an N_Aggregate and GNU_TYPE is the
+   GCC type of the corresponding record type.  Return the CONSTRUCTOR.  */
+
+static tree
+assoc_to_constructor (Entity_Id gnat_entity, Node_Id gnat_assoc, tree gnu_type)
+{
+  tree gnu_list = NULL_TREE, gnu_result;
+
+  /* We test for GNU_FIELD being empty in the case where a variant
+     was the last thing since we don't take things off GNAT_ASSOC in
+     that case.  We check GNAT_ASSOC in case we have a variant, but it
+     has no fields.  */
+
+  for (; Present (gnat_assoc); gnat_assoc = Next (gnat_assoc))
+    {
+      Node_Id gnat_field = First (Choices (gnat_assoc));
+      tree gnu_field = gnat_to_gnu_field_decl (Entity (gnat_field));
+      tree gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (Expression (gnat_assoc));
+
+      /* The expander is supposed to put a single component selector name
+	 in every record component association.  */
+      gcc_assert (No (Next (gnat_field)));
+
+      /* Ignore fields that have Corresponding_Discriminants since we'll
+	 be setting that field in the parent.  */
+      if (Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (Entity (gnat_field)))
+	  && Is_Tagged_Type (Scope (Entity (gnat_field))))
+	continue;
+
+      /* Also ignore discriminants of Unchecked_Unions.  */
+      if (Is_Unchecked_Union (gnat_entity)
+	  && Ekind (Entity (gnat_field)) == E_Discriminant)
+	continue;
+
+      /* Before assigning a value in an aggregate make sure range checks
+	 are done if required.  Then convert to the type of the field.  */
+      if (Do_Range_Check (Expression (gnat_assoc)))
+	gnu_expr = emit_range_check (gnu_expr, Etype (gnat_field), Empty);
+
+      gnu_expr = convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_field), gnu_expr);
+
+      /* Add the field and expression to the list.  */
+      gnu_list = tree_cons (gnu_field, gnu_expr, gnu_list);
+    }
+
+  gnu_result = extract_values (gnu_list, gnu_type);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
+  /* Verify that every entry in GNU_LIST was used.  */
+  for (; gnu_list; gnu_list = TREE_CHAIN (gnu_list))
+    gcc_assert (TREE_ADDRESSABLE (gnu_list));
+#endif
+
+  return gnu_result;
+}
+
+/* Build a possibly nested constructor for array aggregates.  GNAT_EXPR is
+   the first element of an array aggregate.  It may itself be an aggregate.
+   GNU_ARRAY_TYPE is the GCC type corresponding to the array aggregate.
+   GNAT_COMPONENT_TYPE is the type of the array component; it is needed
+   for range checking.  */
+
+static tree
+pos_to_constructor (Node_Id gnat_expr, tree gnu_array_type,
+		    Entity_Id gnat_component_type)
+{
+  tree gnu_index = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (gnu_array_type));
+  tree gnu_expr;
+  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *gnu_expr_vec = NULL;
+
+  for ( ; Present (gnat_expr); gnat_expr = Next (gnat_expr))
+    {
+      /* If the expression is itself an array aggregate then first build the
+	 innermost constructor if it is part of our array (multi-dimensional
+	 case).  */
+      if (Nkind (gnat_expr) == N_Aggregate
+	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_array_type)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_array_type)))
+	gnu_expr = pos_to_constructor (First (Expressions (gnat_expr)),
+				       TREE_TYPE (gnu_array_type),
+				       gnat_component_type);
+      else
+	{
+	  gnu_expr = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_expr);
+
+	  /* Before assigning the element to the array, make sure it is
+	     in range.  */
+	  if (Do_Range_Check (gnat_expr))
+	    gnu_expr = emit_range_check (gnu_expr, gnat_component_type, Empty);
+	}
+
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (gnu_expr_vec, gnu_index,
+			      convert (TREE_TYPE (gnu_array_type), gnu_expr));
+
+      gnu_index = int_const_binop (PLUS_EXPR, gnu_index, integer_one_node);
+    }
+
+  return gnat_build_constructor (gnu_array_type, gnu_expr_vec);
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of assoc_to_constructor: VALUES is a list of field associations,
+   some of which are from RECORD_TYPE.  Return a CONSTRUCTOR consisting
+   of the associations that are from RECORD_TYPE.  If we see an internal
+   record, make a recursive call to fill it in as well.  */
+
+static tree
+extract_values (tree values, tree record_type)
+{
+  tree field, tem;
+  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v = NULL;
+
+  for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (record_type); field; field = DECL_CHAIN (field))
+    {
+      tree value = 0;
+
+      /* _Parent is an internal field, but may have values in the aggregate,
+	 so check for values first.  */
+      if ((tem = purpose_member (field, values)))
+	{
+	  value = TREE_VALUE (tem);
+	  TREE_ADDRESSABLE (tem) = 1;
+	}
+
+      else if (DECL_INTERNAL_P (field))
+	{
+	  value = extract_values (values, TREE_TYPE (field));
+	  if (TREE_CODE (value) == CONSTRUCTOR
+	      && vec_safe_is_empty (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (value)))
+	    value = 0;
+	}
+      else
+	/* If we have a record subtype, the names will match, but not the
+	   actual FIELD_DECLs.  */
+	for (tem = values; tem; tem = TREE_CHAIN (tem))
+	  if (DECL_NAME (TREE_PURPOSE (tem)) == DECL_NAME (field))
+	    {
+	      value = convert (TREE_TYPE (field), TREE_VALUE (tem));
+	      TREE_ADDRESSABLE (tem) = 1;
+	    }
+
+      if (!value)
+	continue;
+
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, field, value);
+    }
+
+  return gnat_build_constructor (record_type, v);
+}
+
+/* Process a N_Validate_Unchecked_Conversion node.  */
+
+static void
+validate_unchecked_conversion (Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree gnu_source_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Source_Type (gnat_node));
+  tree gnu_target_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (Target_Type (gnat_node));
+
+  /* If the target is a pointer type, see if we are either converting from a
+     non-pointer or from a pointer to a type with a different alias set and
+     warn if so, unless the pointer has been marked to alias everything.  */
+  if (POINTER_TYPE_P (gnu_target_type)
+      && !TYPE_REF_CAN_ALIAS_ALL (gnu_target_type))
+    {
+      tree gnu_source_desig_type = POINTER_TYPE_P (gnu_source_type)
+				   ? TREE_TYPE (gnu_source_type)
+				   : NULL_TREE;
+      tree gnu_target_desig_type = TREE_TYPE (gnu_target_type);
+      alias_set_type target_alias_set = get_alias_set (gnu_target_desig_type);
+
+      if (target_alias_set != 0
+	  && (!POINTER_TYPE_P (gnu_source_type)
+	      || !alias_sets_conflict_p (get_alias_set (gnu_source_desig_type),
+					 target_alias_set)))
+	{
+	  post_error_ne ("?possible aliasing problem for type&",
+			 gnat_node, Target_Type (gnat_node));
+	  post_error ("\\?use -fno-strict-aliasing switch for references",
+		      gnat_node);
+	  post_error_ne ("\\?or use `pragma No_Strict_Aliasing (&);`",
+			 gnat_node, Target_Type (gnat_node));
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Likewise if the target is a fat pointer type, but we have no mechanism to
+     mitigate the problem in this case, so we unconditionally warn.  */
+  else if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_target_type))
+    {
+      tree gnu_source_desig_type
+	= TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_source_type)
+	  ? TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_source_type)))
+	  : NULL_TREE;
+      tree gnu_target_desig_type
+	= TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_target_type)));
+      alias_set_type target_alias_set = get_alias_set (gnu_target_desig_type);
+
+      if (target_alias_set != 0
+	  && (!TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_source_type)
+	      || !alias_sets_conflict_p (get_alias_set (gnu_source_desig_type),
+					 target_alias_set)))
+	{
+	  post_error_ne ("?possible aliasing problem for type&",
+			 gnat_node, Target_Type (gnat_node));
+	  post_error ("\\?use -fno-strict-aliasing switch for references",
+		      gnat_node);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/* EXP is to be treated as an array or record.  Handle the cases when it is
+   an access object and perform the required dereferences.  */
+
+static tree
+maybe_implicit_deref (tree exp)
+{
+  /* If the type is a pointer, dereference it.  */
+  if (POINTER_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (exp))
+      || TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (exp)))
+    exp = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, exp);
+
+  /* If we got a padded type, remove it too.  */
+  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (exp)))
+    exp = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (exp))), exp);
+
+  return exp;
+}
+
+/* Convert SLOC into LOCUS.  Return true if SLOC corresponds to a source code
+   location and false if it doesn't.  In the former case, set the Gigi global
+   variable REF_FILENAME to the simple debug file name as given by sinput.
+   If clear_column is true, set column information to 0.  */
+
+static bool
+Sloc_to_locus1 (Source_Ptr Sloc, location_t *locus, bool clear_column)
+{
+  if (Sloc == No_Location)
+    return false;
+
+  if (Sloc <= Standard_Location)
+    {
+      *locus = BUILTINS_LOCATION;
+      return false;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      Source_File_Index file = Get_Source_File_Index (Sloc);
+      Logical_Line_Number line = Get_Logical_Line_Number (Sloc);
+      Column_Number column = (clear_column ? 0 : Get_Column_Number (Sloc));
+      struct line_map *map = LINEMAPS_ORDINARY_MAP_AT (line_table, file - 1);
+
+      /* We can have zero if pragma Source_Reference is in effect.  */
+      if (line < 1)
+	line = 1;
+
+      /* Translate the location.  */
+      *locus = linemap_position_for_line_and_column (map, line, column);
+    }
+
+  ref_filename
+    = IDENTIFIER_POINTER
+      (get_identifier
+       (Get_Name_String (Debug_Source_Name (Get_Source_File_Index (Sloc)))));;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Similar to the above, not clearing the column information.  */
+
+bool
+Sloc_to_locus (Source_Ptr Sloc, location_t *locus)
+{
+  return Sloc_to_locus1 (Sloc, locus, false);
+}
+
+/* Similar to set_expr_location, but start with the Sloc of GNAT_NODE and
+   don't do anything if it doesn't correspond to a source location.  */
+
+static void
+set_expr_location_from_node1 (tree node, Node_Id gnat_node, bool clear_column)
+{
+  location_t locus;
+
+  if (!Sloc_to_locus1 (Sloc (gnat_node), &locus, clear_column))
+    return;
+
+  SET_EXPR_LOCATION (node, locus);
+}
+
+/* Similar to the above, not clearing the column information.  */
+
+static void
+set_expr_location_from_node (tree node, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  set_expr_location_from_node1 (node, gnat_node, false);
+}
+
+/* More elaborate version of set_expr_location_from_node to be used in more
+   general contexts, for example the result of the translation of a generic
+   GNAT node.  */
+
+static void
+set_gnu_expr_location_from_node (tree node, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  /* Set the location information on the node if it is a real expression.
+     References can be reused for multiple GNAT nodes and they would get
+     the location information of their last use.  Also make sure not to
+     overwrite an existing location as it is probably more precise.  */
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE (node))
+    {
+    CASE_CONVERT:
+    case NON_LVALUE_EXPR:
+      break;
+
+    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
+      if (EXPR_P (TREE_OPERAND (node, 1)))
+	set_gnu_expr_location_from_node (TREE_OPERAND (node, 1), gnat_node);
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    default:
+      if (!REFERENCE_CLASS_P (node) && !EXPR_HAS_LOCATION (node))
+	{
+	  set_expr_location_from_node (node, gnat_node);
+	  set_end_locus_from_node (node, gnat_node);
+	}
+      break;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return a colon-separated list of encodings contained in encoded Ada
+   name.  */
+
+static const char *
+extract_encoding (const char *name)
+{
+  char *encoding = (char *) ggc_alloc_atomic (strlen (name));
+  get_encoding (name, encoding);
+  return encoding;
+}
+
+/* Extract the Ada name from an encoded name.  */
+
+static const char *
+decode_name (const char *name)
+{
+  char *decoded = (char *) ggc_alloc_atomic (strlen (name) * 2 + 60);
+  __gnat_decode (name, decoded, 0);
+  return decoded;
+}
+
+/* Post an error message.  MSG is the error message, properly annotated.
+   NODE is the node at which to post the error and the node to use for the
+   '&' substitution.  */
+
+void
+post_error (const char *msg, Node_Id node)
+{
+  String_Template temp;
+  Fat_Pointer fp;
+
+  if (No (node))
+    return;
+
+  temp.Low_Bound = 1;
+  temp.High_Bound = strlen (msg);
+  fp.Bounds = &temp;
+  fp.Array = msg;
+  Error_Msg_N (fp, node);
+}
+
+/* Similar to post_error, but NODE is the node at which to post the error and
+   ENT is the node to use for the '&' substitution.  */
+
+void
+post_error_ne (const char *msg, Node_Id node, Entity_Id ent)
+{
+  String_Template temp;
+  Fat_Pointer fp;
+
+  if (No (node))
+    return;
+
+  temp.Low_Bound = 1;
+  temp.High_Bound = strlen (msg);
+  fp.Bounds = &temp;
+  fp.Array = msg;
+  Error_Msg_NE (fp, node, ent);
+}
+
+/* Similar to post_error_ne, but NUM is the number to use for the '^'.  */
+
+void
+post_error_ne_num (const char *msg, Node_Id node, Entity_Id ent, int num)
+{
+  Error_Msg_Uint_1 = UI_From_Int (num);
+  post_error_ne (msg, node, ent);
+}
+
+/* Set the end_locus information for GNU_NODE, if any, from an explicit end
+   location associated with GNAT_NODE or GNAT_NODE itself, whichever makes
+   most sense.  Return true if a sensible assignment was performed.  */
+
+static bool
+set_end_locus_from_node (tree gnu_node, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  Node_Id gnat_end_label = Empty;
+  location_t end_locus;
+
+  /* Pick the GNAT node of which we'll take the sloc to assign to the GCC node
+     end_locus when there is one.  We consider only GNAT nodes with a possible
+     End_Label attached.  If the End_Label actually was unassigned, fallback
+     on the original node.  We'd better assign an explicit sloc associated with
+     the outer construct in any case.  */
+
+  switch (Nkind (gnat_node))
+    {
+    case N_Package_Body:
+    case N_Subprogram_Body:
+    case N_Block_Statement:
+      gnat_end_label = End_Label (Handled_Statement_Sequence (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    case N_Package_Declaration:
+      gnat_end_label = End_Label (Specification (gnat_node));
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  gnat_node = Present (gnat_end_label) ? gnat_end_label : gnat_node;
+
+  /* Some expanded subprograms have neither an End_Label nor a Sloc
+     attached.  Notify that to callers.  For a block statement with no
+     End_Label, clear column information, so that the tree for a
+     transient block does not receive the sloc of a source condition.  */
+
+  if (!Sloc_to_locus1 (Sloc (gnat_node), &end_locus,
+                       No (gnat_end_label) &&
+                       (Nkind (gnat_node) == N_Block_Statement)))
+    return false;
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE (gnu_node))
+    {
+    case BIND_EXPR:
+      BLOCK_SOURCE_END_LOCATION (BIND_EXPR_BLOCK (gnu_node)) = end_locus;
+      return true;
+
+    case FUNCTION_DECL:
+      DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (gnu_node)->function_end_locus = end_locus;
+      return true;
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Similar to post_error_ne, but T is a GCC tree representing the number to
+   write.  If T represents a constant, the text inside curly brackets in
+   MSG will be output (presumably including a '^').  Otherwise it will not
+   be output and the text inside square brackets will be output instead.  */
+
+void
+post_error_ne_tree (const char *msg, Node_Id node, Entity_Id ent, tree t)
+{
+  char *new_msg = XALLOCAVEC (char, strlen (msg) + 1);
+  char start_yes, end_yes, start_no, end_no;
+  const char *p;
+  char *q;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (t) == INTEGER_CST)
+    {
+      Error_Msg_Uint_1 = UI_From_gnu (t);
+      start_yes = '{', end_yes = '}', start_no = '[', end_no = ']';
+    }
+  else
+    start_yes = '[', end_yes = ']', start_no = '{', end_no = '}';
+
+  for (p = msg, q = new_msg; *p; p++)
+    {
+      if (*p == start_yes)
+	for (p++; *p != end_yes; p++)
+	  *q++ = *p;
+      else if (*p == start_no)
+	for (p++; *p != end_no; p++)
+	  ;
+      else
+	*q++ = *p;
+    }
+
+  *q = 0;
+
+  post_error_ne (new_msg, node, ent);
+}
+
+/* Similar to post_error_ne_tree, but NUM is a second integer to write.  */
+
+void
+post_error_ne_tree_2 (const char *msg, Node_Id node, Entity_Id ent, tree t,
+		      int num)
+{
+  Error_Msg_Uint_2 = UI_From_Int (num);
+  post_error_ne_tree (msg, node, ent, t);
+}
+
+/* Initialize the table that maps GNAT codes to GCC codes for simple
+   binary and unary operations.  */
+
+static void
+init_code_table (void)
+{
+  gnu_codes[N_And_Then] = TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Or_Else] = TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR;
+
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_And] = TRUTH_AND_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Or] = TRUTH_OR_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Xor] = TRUTH_XOR_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Eq] = EQ_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Ne] = NE_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Lt] = LT_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Le] = LE_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Gt] = GT_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Ge] = GE_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Add] = PLUS_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Subtract] = MINUS_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Multiply] = MULT_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Mod] = FLOOR_MOD_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Rem] = TRUNC_MOD_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Minus] = NEGATE_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Abs] = ABS_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Not] = TRUTH_NOT_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Rotate_Left] = LROTATE_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Rotate_Right] = RROTATE_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Shift_Left] = LSHIFT_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Shift_Right] = RSHIFT_EXPR;
+  gnu_codes[N_Op_Shift_Right_Arithmetic] = RSHIFT_EXPR;
+}
+
+/* Return a label to branch to for the exception type in KIND or NULL_TREE
+   if none.  */
+
+tree
+get_exception_label (char kind)
+{
+  if (kind == N_Raise_Constraint_Error)
+    return gnu_constraint_error_label_stack->last ();
+  else if (kind == N_Raise_Storage_Error)
+    return gnu_storage_error_label_stack->last ();
+  else if (kind == N_Raise_Program_Error)
+    return gnu_program_error_label_stack->last ();
+  else
+    return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Return the decl for the current elaboration procedure.  */
+
+tree
+get_elaboration_procedure (void)
+{
+  return gnu_elab_proc_stack->last ();
+}
+
+#include "gt-ada-trans.h"
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/utils.c b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..014fe361b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,6579 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                                U T I L S                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                          C Implementation File                           *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *          Copyright (C) 1992-2014, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have received a copy of the GNU General   *
+ * Public License along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see        *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "tm.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "stringpool.h"
+#include "stor-layout.h"
+#include "attribs.h"
+#include "varasm.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "toplev.h"
+#include "diagnostic-core.h"
+#include "output.h"
+#include "ggc.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "convert.h"
+#include "target.h"
+#include "common/common-target.h"
+#include "langhooks.h"
+#include "cgraph.h"
+#include "diagnostic.h"
+#include "timevar.h"
+#include "tree-dump.h"
+#include "tree-inline.h"
+#include "tree-iterator.h"
+
+#include "ada.h"
+#include "types.h"
+#include "atree.h"
+#include "elists.h"
+#include "namet.h"
+#include "nlists.h"
+#include "stringt.h"
+#include "uintp.h"
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "sinfo.h"
+#include "einfo.h"
+#include "ada-tree.h"
+#include "gigi.h"
+
+/* If nonzero, pretend we are allocating at global level.  */
+int force_global;
+
+/* The default alignment of "double" floating-point types, i.e. floating
+   point types whose size is equal to 64 bits, or 0 if this alignment is
+   not specifically capped.  */
+int double_float_alignment;
+
+/* The default alignment of "double" or larger scalar types, i.e. scalar
+   types whose size is greater or equal to 64 bits, or 0 if this alignment
+   is not specifically capped.  */
+int double_scalar_alignment;
+
+/* Tree nodes for the various types and decls we create.  */
+tree gnat_std_decls[(int) ADT_LAST];
+
+/* Functions to call for each of the possible raise reasons.  */
+tree gnat_raise_decls[(int) LAST_REASON_CODE + 1];
+
+/* Likewise, but with extra info for each of the possible raise reasons.  */
+tree gnat_raise_decls_ext[(int) LAST_REASON_CODE + 1];
+
+/* Forward declarations for handlers of attributes.  */
+static tree handle_const_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+static tree handle_nothrow_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+static tree handle_pure_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+static tree handle_novops_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+static tree handle_nonnull_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+static tree handle_sentinel_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+static tree handle_noreturn_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+static tree handle_leaf_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+static tree handle_malloc_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+static tree handle_type_generic_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+static tree handle_vector_size_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+static tree handle_vector_type_attribute (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+
+/* Fake handler for attributes we don't properly support, typically because
+   they'd require dragging a lot of the common-c front-end circuitry.  */
+static tree fake_attribute_handler      (tree *, tree, tree, int, bool *);
+
+/* Table of machine-independent internal attributes for Ada.  We support
+   this minimal set of attributes to accommodate the needs of builtins.  */
+const struct attribute_spec gnat_internal_attribute_table[] =
+{
+  /* { name, min_len, max_len, decl_req, type_req, fn_type_req, handler,
+       affects_type_identity } */
+  { "const",        0, 0,  true,  false, false, handle_const_attribute,
+    false },
+  { "nothrow",      0, 0,  true,  false, false, handle_nothrow_attribute,
+    false },
+  { "pure",         0, 0,  true,  false, false, handle_pure_attribute,
+    false },
+  { "no vops",      0, 0,  true,  false, false, handle_novops_attribute,
+    false },
+  { "nonnull",      0, -1, false, true,  true,  handle_nonnull_attribute,
+    false },
+  { "sentinel",     0, 1,  false, true,  true,  handle_sentinel_attribute,
+    false },
+  { "noreturn",     0, 0,  true,  false, false, handle_noreturn_attribute,
+    false },
+  { "leaf",         0, 0,  true,  false, false, handle_leaf_attribute,
+    false },
+  { "malloc",       0, 0,  true,  false, false, handle_malloc_attribute,
+    false },
+  { "type generic", 0, 0,  false, true, true, handle_type_generic_attribute,
+    false },
+
+  { "vector_size",  1, 1,  false, true, false,  handle_vector_size_attribute,
+    false },
+  { "vector_type",  0, 0,  false, true, false,  handle_vector_type_attribute,
+    false },
+  { "may_alias",    0, 0, false, true, false, NULL, false },
+
+  /* ??? format and format_arg are heavy and not supported, which actually
+     prevents support for stdio builtins, which we however declare as part
+     of the common builtins.def contents.  */
+  { "format",     3, 3,  false, true,  true,  fake_attribute_handler, false },
+  { "format_arg", 1, 1,  false, true,  true,  fake_attribute_handler, false },
+
+  { NULL,         0, 0, false, false, false, NULL, false }
+};
+
+/* Associates a GNAT tree node to a GCC tree node. It is used in
+   `save_gnu_tree', `get_gnu_tree' and `present_gnu_tree'. See documentation
+   of `save_gnu_tree' for more info.  */
+static GTY((length ("max_gnat_nodes"))) tree *associate_gnat_to_gnu;
+
+#define GET_GNU_TREE(GNAT_ENTITY)	\
+  associate_gnat_to_gnu[(GNAT_ENTITY) - First_Node_Id]
+
+#define SET_GNU_TREE(GNAT_ENTITY,VAL)	\
+  associate_gnat_to_gnu[(GNAT_ENTITY) - First_Node_Id] = (VAL)
+
+#define PRESENT_GNU_TREE(GNAT_ENTITY)	\
+  (associate_gnat_to_gnu[(GNAT_ENTITY) - First_Node_Id] != NULL_TREE)
+
+/* Associates a GNAT entity to a GCC tree node used as a dummy, if any.  */
+static GTY((length ("max_gnat_nodes"))) tree *dummy_node_table;
+
+#define GET_DUMMY_NODE(GNAT_ENTITY)	\
+  dummy_node_table[(GNAT_ENTITY) - First_Node_Id]
+
+#define SET_DUMMY_NODE(GNAT_ENTITY,VAL)	\
+  dummy_node_table[(GNAT_ENTITY) - First_Node_Id] = (VAL)
+
+#define PRESENT_DUMMY_NODE(GNAT_ENTITY)	\
+  (dummy_node_table[(GNAT_ENTITY) - First_Node_Id] != NULL_TREE)
+
+/* This variable keeps a table for types for each precision so that we only
+   allocate each of them once. Signed and unsigned types are kept separate.
+
+   Note that these types are only used when fold-const requests something
+   special.  Perhaps we should NOT share these types; we'll see how it
+   goes later.  */
+static GTY(()) tree signed_and_unsigned_types[2 * MAX_BITS_PER_WORD + 1][2];
+
+/* Likewise for float types, but record these by mode.  */
+static GTY(()) tree float_types[NUM_MACHINE_MODES];
+
+/* For each binding contour we allocate a binding_level structure to indicate
+   the binding depth.  */
+
+struct GTY((chain_next ("%h.chain"))) gnat_binding_level {
+  /* The binding level containing this one (the enclosing binding level). */
+  struct gnat_binding_level *chain;
+  /* The BLOCK node for this level.  */
+  tree block;
+  /* If nonzero, the setjmp buffer that needs to be updated for any
+     variable-sized definition within this context.  */
+  tree jmpbuf_decl;
+};
+
+/* The binding level currently in effect.  */
+static GTY(()) struct gnat_binding_level *current_binding_level;
+
+/* A chain of gnat_binding_level structures awaiting reuse.  */
+static GTY((deletable)) struct gnat_binding_level *free_binding_level;
+
+/* The context to be used for global declarations.  */
+static GTY(()) tree global_context;
+
+/* An array of global declarations.  */
+static GTY(()) vec<tree, va_gc> *global_decls;
+
+/* An array of builtin function declarations.  */
+static GTY(()) vec<tree, va_gc> *builtin_decls;
+
+/* An array of global renaming pointers.  */
+static GTY(()) vec<tree, va_gc> *global_renaming_pointers;
+
+/* A chain of unused BLOCK nodes. */
+static GTY((deletable)) tree free_block_chain;
+
+static int pad_type_hash_marked_p (const void *p);
+static hashval_t pad_type_hash_hash (const void *p);
+static int pad_type_hash_eq (const void *p1, const void *p2);
+
+/* A hash table of padded types.  It is modelled on the generic type
+   hash table in tree.c, which must thus be used as a reference.  */
+struct GTY(()) pad_type_hash {
+  unsigned long hash;
+  tree type;
+};
+
+static GTY ((if_marked ("pad_type_hash_marked_p"),
+	     param_is (struct pad_type_hash)))
+  htab_t pad_type_hash_table;
+
+static tree merge_sizes (tree, tree, tree, bool, bool);
+static tree compute_related_constant (tree, tree);
+static tree split_plus (tree, tree *);
+static tree float_type_for_precision (int, enum machine_mode);
+static tree convert_to_fat_pointer (tree, tree);
+static unsigned int scale_by_factor_of (tree, unsigned int);
+static bool potential_alignment_gap (tree, tree, tree);
+
+/* Initialize data structures of the utils.c module.  */
+
+void
+init_gnat_utils (void)
+{
+  /* Initialize the association of GNAT nodes to GCC trees.  */
+  associate_gnat_to_gnu = ggc_alloc_cleared_vec_tree (max_gnat_nodes);
+
+  /* Initialize the association of GNAT nodes to GCC trees as dummies.  */
+  dummy_node_table = ggc_alloc_cleared_vec_tree (max_gnat_nodes);
+
+  /* Initialize the hash table of padded types.  */
+  pad_type_hash_table = htab_create_ggc (512, pad_type_hash_hash,
+					 pad_type_hash_eq, 0);
+}
+
+/* Destroy data structures of the utils.c module.  */
+
+void
+destroy_gnat_utils (void)
+{
+  /* Destroy the association of GNAT nodes to GCC trees.  */
+  ggc_free (associate_gnat_to_gnu);
+  associate_gnat_to_gnu = NULL;
+
+  /* Destroy the association of GNAT nodes to GCC trees as dummies.  */
+  ggc_free (dummy_node_table);
+  dummy_node_table = NULL;
+
+  /* Destroy the hash table of padded types.  */
+  htab_delete (pad_type_hash_table);
+  pad_type_hash_table = NULL;
+
+  /* Invalidate the global renaming pointers.   */
+  invalidate_global_renaming_pointers ();
+}
+
+/* GNAT_ENTITY is a GNAT tree node for an entity.  Associate GNU_DECL, a GCC
+   tree node, with GNAT_ENTITY.  If GNU_DECL is not a ..._DECL node, abort.
+   If NO_CHECK is true, the latter check is suppressed.
+
+   If GNU_DECL is zero, reset a previous association.  */
+
+void
+save_gnu_tree (Entity_Id gnat_entity, tree gnu_decl, bool no_check)
+{
+  /* Check that GNAT_ENTITY is not already defined and that it is being set
+     to something which is a decl.  If that is not the case, this usually
+     means GNAT_ENTITY is defined twice, but occasionally is due to some
+     Gigi problem.  */
+  gcc_assert (!(gnu_decl
+		&& (PRESENT_GNU_TREE (gnat_entity)
+		    || (!no_check && !DECL_P (gnu_decl)))));
+
+  SET_GNU_TREE (gnat_entity, gnu_decl);
+}
+
+/* GNAT_ENTITY is a GNAT tree node for an entity.  Return the GCC tree node
+   that was associated with it.  If there is no such tree node, abort.
+
+   In some cases, such as delayed elaboration or expressions that need to
+   be elaborated only once, GNAT_ENTITY is really not an entity.  */
+
+tree
+get_gnu_tree (Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  gcc_assert (PRESENT_GNU_TREE (gnat_entity));
+  return GET_GNU_TREE (gnat_entity);
+}
+
+/* Return nonzero if a GCC tree has been associated with GNAT_ENTITY.  */
+
+bool
+present_gnu_tree (Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  return PRESENT_GNU_TREE (gnat_entity);
+}
+
+/* Make a dummy type corresponding to GNAT_TYPE.  */
+
+tree
+make_dummy_type (Entity_Id gnat_type)
+{
+  Entity_Id gnat_underlying = Gigi_Equivalent_Type (gnat_type);
+  tree gnu_type;
+
+  /* If there is an equivalent type, get its underlying type.  */
+  if (Present (gnat_underlying))
+    gnat_underlying = Gigi_Equivalent_Type (Underlying_Type (gnat_underlying));
+
+  /* If there was no equivalent type (can only happen when just annotating
+     types) or underlying type, go back to the original type.  */
+  if (No (gnat_underlying))
+    gnat_underlying = gnat_type;
+
+  /* If it there already a dummy type, use that one.  Else make one.  */
+  if (PRESENT_DUMMY_NODE (gnat_underlying))
+    return GET_DUMMY_NODE (gnat_underlying);
+
+  /* If this is a record, make a RECORD_TYPE or UNION_TYPE; else make
+     an ENUMERAL_TYPE.  */
+  gnu_type = make_node (Is_Record_Type (gnat_underlying)
+			? tree_code_for_record_type (gnat_underlying)
+			: ENUMERAL_TYPE);
+  TYPE_NAME (gnu_type) = get_entity_name (gnat_type);
+  TYPE_DUMMY_P (gnu_type) = 1;
+  TYPE_STUB_DECL (gnu_type)
+    = create_type_stub_decl (TYPE_NAME (gnu_type), gnu_type);
+  if (Is_By_Reference_Type (gnat_underlying))
+    TYPE_BY_REFERENCE_P (gnu_type) = 1;
+
+  SET_DUMMY_NODE (gnat_underlying, gnu_type);
+
+  return gnu_type;
+}
+
+/* Return the dummy type that was made for GNAT_TYPE, if any.  */
+
+tree
+get_dummy_type (Entity_Id gnat_type)
+{
+  return GET_DUMMY_NODE (gnat_type);
+}
+
+/* Build dummy fat and thin pointer types whose designated type is specified
+   by GNAT_DESIG_TYPE/GNU_DESIG_TYPE and attach them to the latter.  */
+
+void
+build_dummy_unc_pointer_types (Entity_Id gnat_desig_type, tree gnu_desig_type)
+{
+  tree gnu_template_type, gnu_ptr_template, gnu_array_type, gnu_ptr_array;
+  tree gnu_fat_type, fields, gnu_object_type;
+
+  gnu_template_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+  TYPE_NAME (gnu_template_type) = create_concat_name (gnat_desig_type, "XUB");
+  TYPE_DUMMY_P (gnu_template_type) = 1;
+  gnu_ptr_template = build_pointer_type (gnu_template_type);
+
+  gnu_array_type = make_node (ENUMERAL_TYPE);
+  TYPE_NAME (gnu_array_type) = create_concat_name (gnat_desig_type, "XUA");
+  TYPE_DUMMY_P (gnu_array_type) = 1;
+  gnu_ptr_array = build_pointer_type (gnu_array_type);
+
+  gnu_fat_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+  /* Build a stub DECL to trigger the special processing for fat pointer types
+     in gnat_pushdecl.  */
+  TYPE_NAME (gnu_fat_type)
+    = create_type_stub_decl (create_concat_name (gnat_desig_type, "XUP"),
+			     gnu_fat_type);
+  fields = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("P_ARRAY"), gnu_ptr_array,
+			      gnu_fat_type, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, 0, 0);
+  DECL_CHAIN (fields)
+    = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("P_BOUNDS"), gnu_ptr_template,
+			 gnu_fat_type, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, 0, 0);
+  finish_fat_pointer_type (gnu_fat_type, fields);
+  SET_TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (gnu_fat_type, gnu_desig_type);
+  /* Suppress debug info until after the type is completed.  */
+  TYPE_DECL_SUPPRESS_DEBUG (TYPE_STUB_DECL (gnu_fat_type)) = 1;
+
+  gnu_object_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+  TYPE_NAME (gnu_object_type) = create_concat_name (gnat_desig_type, "XUT");
+  TYPE_DUMMY_P (gnu_object_type) = 1;
+
+  TYPE_POINTER_TO (gnu_desig_type) = gnu_fat_type;
+  TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE (gnu_desig_type) = gnu_object_type;
+}
+
+/* Return true if we are in the global binding level.  */
+
+bool
+global_bindings_p (void)
+{
+  return force_global || current_function_decl == NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Enter a new binding level.  */
+
+void
+gnat_pushlevel (void)
+{
+  struct gnat_binding_level *newlevel = NULL;
+
+  /* Reuse a struct for this binding level, if there is one.  */
+  if (free_binding_level)
+    {
+      newlevel = free_binding_level;
+      free_binding_level = free_binding_level->chain;
+    }
+  else
+    newlevel = ggc_alloc_gnat_binding_level ();
+
+  /* Use a free BLOCK, if any; otherwise, allocate one.  */
+  if (free_block_chain)
+    {
+      newlevel->block = free_block_chain;
+      free_block_chain = BLOCK_CHAIN (free_block_chain);
+      BLOCK_CHAIN (newlevel->block) = NULL_TREE;
+    }
+  else
+    newlevel->block = make_node (BLOCK);
+
+  /* Point the BLOCK we just made to its parent.  */
+  if (current_binding_level)
+    BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (newlevel->block) = current_binding_level->block;
+
+  BLOCK_VARS (newlevel->block) = NULL_TREE;
+  BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (newlevel->block) = NULL_TREE;
+  TREE_USED (newlevel->block) = 1;
+
+  /* Add this level to the front of the chain (stack) of active levels.  */
+  newlevel->chain = current_binding_level;
+  newlevel->jmpbuf_decl = NULL_TREE;
+  current_binding_level = newlevel;
+}
+
+/* Set SUPERCONTEXT of the BLOCK for the current binding level to FNDECL
+   and point FNDECL to this BLOCK.  */
+
+void
+set_current_block_context (tree fndecl)
+{
+  BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (current_binding_level->block) = fndecl;
+  DECL_INITIAL (fndecl) = current_binding_level->block;
+  set_block_for_group (current_binding_level->block);
+}
+
+/* Set the jmpbuf_decl for the current binding level to DECL.  */
+
+void
+set_block_jmpbuf_decl (tree decl)
+{
+  current_binding_level->jmpbuf_decl = decl;
+}
+
+/* Get the jmpbuf_decl, if any, for the current binding level.  */
+
+tree
+get_block_jmpbuf_decl (void)
+{
+  return current_binding_level->jmpbuf_decl;
+}
+
+/* Exit a binding level.  Set any BLOCK into the current code group.  */
+
+void
+gnat_poplevel (void)
+{
+  struct gnat_binding_level *level = current_binding_level;
+  tree block = level->block;
+
+  BLOCK_VARS (block) = nreverse (BLOCK_VARS (block));
+  BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (block) = blocks_nreverse (BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (block));
+
+  /* If this is a function-level BLOCK don't do anything.  Otherwise, if there
+     are no variables free the block and merge its subblocks into those of its
+     parent block.  Otherwise, add it to the list of its parent.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (block)) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    ;
+  else if (BLOCK_VARS (block) == NULL_TREE)
+    {
+      BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (level->chain->block)
+	= block_chainon (BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (block),
+			 BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (level->chain->block));
+      BLOCK_CHAIN (block) = free_block_chain;
+      free_block_chain = block;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      BLOCK_CHAIN (block) = BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (level->chain->block);
+      BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (level->chain->block) = block;
+      TREE_USED (block) = 1;
+      set_block_for_group (block);
+    }
+
+  /* Free this binding structure.  */
+  current_binding_level = level->chain;
+  level->chain = free_binding_level;
+  free_binding_level = level;
+}
+
+/* Exit a binding level and discard the associated BLOCK.  */
+
+void
+gnat_zaplevel (void)
+{
+  struct gnat_binding_level *level = current_binding_level;
+  tree block = level->block;
+
+  BLOCK_CHAIN (block) = free_block_chain;
+  free_block_chain = block;
+
+  /* Free this binding structure.  */
+  current_binding_level = level->chain;
+  level->chain = free_binding_level;
+  free_binding_level = level;
+}
+
+/* Set the context of TYPE and its parallel types (if any) to CONTEXT.  */
+
+static void
+gnat_set_type_context (tree type, tree context)
+{
+  tree decl = TYPE_STUB_DECL (type);
+
+  TYPE_CONTEXT (type) = context;
+
+  while (decl && DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE (decl))
+    {
+      TYPE_CONTEXT (DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE (decl)) = context;
+      decl = TYPE_STUB_DECL (DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE (decl));
+    }
+}
+
+/* Record DECL as belonging to the current lexical scope and use GNAT_NODE
+   for location information and flag propagation.  */
+
+void
+gnat_pushdecl (tree decl, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  /* If DECL is public external or at top level, it has global context.  */
+  if ((TREE_PUBLIC (decl) && DECL_EXTERNAL (decl)) || global_bindings_p ())
+    {
+      if (!global_context)
+	global_context = build_translation_unit_decl (NULL_TREE);
+      DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = global_context;
+   }
+  else
+    {
+      DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = current_function_decl;
+
+      /* Functions imported in another function are not really nested.
+	 For really nested functions mark them initially as needing
+	 a static chain for uses of that flag before unnesting;
+	 lower_nested_functions will then recompute it.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL && !TREE_PUBLIC (decl))
+	DECL_STATIC_CHAIN (decl) = 1;
+    }
+
+  TREE_NO_WARNING (decl) = (No (gnat_node) || Warnings_Off (gnat_node));
+
+  /* Set the location of DECL and emit a declaration for it.  */
+  if (Present (gnat_node))
+    Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_node), &DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl));
+
+  add_decl_expr (decl, gnat_node);
+
+  /* Put the declaration on the list.  The list of declarations is in reverse
+     order.  The list will be reversed later.  Put global declarations in the
+     globals list and local ones in the current block.  But skip TYPE_DECLs
+     for UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE in both cases, as they will cause trouble
+     with the debugger and aren't needed anyway.  */
+  if (!(TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL
+        && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE))
+    {
+      if (DECL_EXTERNAL (decl))
+	{
+	  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_BUILT_IN (decl))
+	    vec_safe_push (builtin_decls, decl);
+	}
+      else if (global_bindings_p ())
+	vec_safe_push (global_decls, decl);
+      else
+	{
+	  DECL_CHAIN (decl) = BLOCK_VARS (current_binding_level->block);
+	  BLOCK_VARS (current_binding_level->block) = decl;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* For the declaration of a type, set its name if it either is not already
+     set or if the previous type name was not derived from a source name.
+     We'd rather have the type named with a real name and all the pointer
+     types to the same object have the same POINTER_TYPE node.  Code in the
+     equivalent function of c-decl.c makes a copy of the type node here, but
+     that may cause us trouble with incomplete types.  We make an exception
+     for fat pointer types because the compiler automatically builds them
+     for unconstrained array types and the debugger uses them to represent
+     both these and pointers to these.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL && DECL_NAME (decl))
+    {
+      tree t = TREE_TYPE (decl);
+
+      if (!(TYPE_NAME (t) && TREE_CODE (TYPE_NAME (t)) == TYPE_DECL))
+	{
+	  /* Array and pointer types aren't "tagged" types so we force the
+	     type to be associated with its typedef in the DWARF back-end,
+	     in order to make sure that the latter is always preserved.  */
+	  if (!DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl)
+	      && (TREE_CODE (t) == ARRAY_TYPE
+		  || TREE_CODE (t) == POINTER_TYPE))
+	    {
+	      tree tt = build_distinct_type_copy (t);
+	      if (TREE_CODE (t) == POINTER_TYPE)
+		TYPE_NEXT_PTR_TO (t) = tt;
+	      TYPE_NAME (tt) = DECL_NAME (decl);
+	      gnat_set_type_context (tt, DECL_CONTEXT (decl));
+	      TYPE_STUB_DECL (tt) = TYPE_STUB_DECL (t);
+	      DECL_ORIGINAL_TYPE (decl) = tt;
+	    }
+	}
+      else if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (t))
+	{
+	  /* We need a variant for the placeholder machinery to work.  */
+	  tree tt = build_variant_type_copy (t);
+	  TYPE_NAME (tt) = decl;
+	  gnat_set_type_context (tt, DECL_CONTEXT (decl));
+	  TREE_USED (tt) = TREE_USED (t);
+	  TREE_TYPE (decl) = tt;
+	  if (DECL_ORIGINAL_TYPE (TYPE_NAME (t)))
+	    DECL_ORIGINAL_TYPE (decl) = DECL_ORIGINAL_TYPE (TYPE_NAME (t));
+	  else
+	    DECL_ORIGINAL_TYPE (decl) = t;
+	  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 0;
+	  t = NULL_TREE;
+	}
+      else if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (TYPE_NAME (t)) && !DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl))
+	;
+      else
+	t = NULL_TREE;
+
+      /* Propagate the name to all the anonymous variants.  This is needed
+	 for the type qualifiers machinery to work properly.  */
+      if (t)
+	for (t = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t); t; t = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (t))
+	  if (!(TYPE_NAME (t) && TREE_CODE (TYPE_NAME (t)) == TYPE_DECL))
+	    {
+	      TYPE_NAME (t) = decl;
+	      gnat_set_type_context (t, DECL_CONTEXT (decl));
+	    }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Create a record type that contains a SIZE bytes long field of TYPE with a
+   starting bit position so that it is aligned to ALIGN bits, and leaving at
+   least ROOM bytes free before the field.  BASE_ALIGN is the alignment the
+   record is guaranteed to get.  GNAT_NODE is used for the position of the
+   associated TYPE_DECL.  */
+
+tree
+make_aligning_type (tree type, unsigned int align, tree size,
+		    unsigned int base_align, int room, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  /* We will be crafting a record type with one field at a position set to be
+     the next multiple of ALIGN past record'address + room bytes.  We use a
+     record placeholder to express record'address.  */
+  tree record_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+  tree record = build0 (PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, record_type);
+
+  tree record_addr_st
+    = convert (sizetype, build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, record));
+
+  /* The diagram below summarizes the shape of what we manipulate:
+
+                    <--------- pos ---------->
+                {  +------------+-------------+-----------------+
+      record  =>{  |############|     ...     | field (type)    |
+                {  +------------+-------------+-----------------+
+		   |<-- room -->|<- voffset ->|<---- size ----->|
+		   o            o
+		   |            |
+		   record_addr  vblock_addr
+
+     Every length is in sizetype bytes there, except "pos" which has to be
+     set as a bit position in the GCC tree for the record.  */
+  tree room_st = size_int (room);
+  tree vblock_addr_st = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, record_addr_st, room_st);
+  tree voffset_st, pos, field;
+
+  tree name = TYPE_NAME (type);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (name) == TYPE_DECL)
+    name = DECL_NAME (name);
+  name = concat_name (name, "ALIGN");
+  TYPE_NAME (record_type) = name;
+
+  /* Compute VOFFSET and then POS.  The next byte position multiple of some
+     alignment after some address is obtained by "and"ing the alignment minus
+     1 with the two's complement of the address.   */
+  voffset_st = size_binop (BIT_AND_EXPR,
+			   fold_build1 (NEGATE_EXPR, sizetype, vblock_addr_st),
+			   size_int ((align / BITS_PER_UNIT) - 1));
+
+  /* POS = (ROOM + VOFFSET) * BIT_PER_UNIT, in bitsizetype.  */
+  pos = size_binop (MULT_EXPR,
+		    convert (bitsizetype,
+			     size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, room_st, voffset_st)),
+                    bitsize_unit_node);
+
+  /* Craft the GCC record representation.  We exceptionally do everything
+     manually here because 1) our generic circuitry is not quite ready to
+     handle the complex position/size expressions we are setting up, 2) we
+     have a strong simplifying factor at hand: we know the maximum possible
+     value of voffset, and 3) we have to set/reset at least the sizes in
+     accordance with this maximum value anyway, as we need them to convey
+     what should be "alloc"ated for this type.
+
+     Use -1 as the 'addressable' indication for the field to prevent the
+     creation of a bitfield.  We don't need one, it would have damaging
+     consequences on the alignment computation, and create_field_decl would
+     make one without this special argument, for instance because of the
+     complex position expression.  */
+  field = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("F"), type, record_type, size,
+			     pos, 1, -1);
+  TYPE_FIELDS (record_type) = field;
+
+  TYPE_ALIGN (record_type) = base_align;
+  TYPE_USER_ALIGN (record_type) = 1;
+
+  TYPE_SIZE (record_type)
+    = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR,
+                  size_binop (MULT_EXPR, convert (bitsizetype, size),
+                              bitsize_unit_node),
+		  bitsize_int (align + room * BITS_PER_UNIT));
+  TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (record_type)
+    = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, size,
+		  size_int (room + align / BITS_PER_UNIT));
+
+  SET_TYPE_MODE (record_type, BLKmode);
+  relate_alias_sets (record_type, type, ALIAS_SET_COPY);
+
+  /* Declare it now since it will never be declared otherwise.  This is
+     necessary to ensure that its subtrees are properly marked.  */
+  create_type_decl (name, record_type, true, false, gnat_node);
+
+  return record_type;
+}
+
+/* TYPE is a RECORD_TYPE, UNION_TYPE or QUAL_UNION_TYPE that is being used
+   as the field type of a packed record if IN_RECORD is true, or as the
+   component type of a packed array if IN_RECORD is false.  See if we can
+   rewrite it either as a type that has a non-BLKmode, which we can pack
+   tighter in the packed record case, or as a smaller type.  If so, return
+   the new type.  If not, return the original type.  */
+
+tree
+make_packable_type (tree type, bool in_record)
+{
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT size = tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_SIZE (type));
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT new_size;
+  tree new_type, old_field, field_list = NULL_TREE;
+  unsigned int align;
+
+  /* No point in doing anything if the size is zero.  */
+  if (size == 0)
+    return type;
+
+  new_type = make_node (TREE_CODE (type));
+
+  /* Copy the name and flags from the old type to that of the new.
+     Note that we rely on the pointer equality created here for
+     TYPE_NAME to look through conversions in various places.  */
+  TYPE_NAME (new_type) = TYPE_NAME (type);
+  TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (new_type) = TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (type);
+  TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (new_type) = TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (type);
+  if (TREE_CODE (type) == RECORD_TYPE)
+    TYPE_PADDING_P (new_type) = TYPE_PADDING_P (type);
+
+  /* If we are in a record and have a small size, set the alignment to
+     try for an integral mode.  Otherwise set it to try for a smaller
+     type with BLKmode.  */
+  if (in_record && size <= MAX_FIXED_MODE_SIZE)
+    {
+      align = ceil_pow2 (size);
+      TYPE_ALIGN (new_type) = align;
+      new_size = (size + align - 1) & -align;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT align;
+
+      /* Do not try to shrink the size if the RM size is not constant.  */
+      if (TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (type)
+	  || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_ADA_SIZE (type)))
+	return type;
+
+      /* Round the RM size up to a unit boundary to get the minimal size
+	 for a BLKmode record.  Give up if it's already the size.  */
+      new_size = tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_ADA_SIZE (type));
+      new_size = (new_size + BITS_PER_UNIT - 1) & -BITS_PER_UNIT;
+      if (new_size == size)
+	return type;
+
+      align = new_size & -new_size;
+      TYPE_ALIGN (new_type) = MIN (TYPE_ALIGN (type), align);
+    }
+
+  TYPE_USER_ALIGN (new_type) = 1;
+
+  /* Now copy the fields, keeping the position and size as we don't want
+     to change the layout by propagating the packedness downwards.  */
+  for (old_field = TYPE_FIELDS (type); old_field;
+       old_field = DECL_CHAIN (old_field))
+    {
+      tree new_field_type = TREE_TYPE (old_field);
+      tree new_field, new_size;
+
+      if (RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (new_field_type)
+	  && !TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (new_field_type)
+	  && tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE (new_field_type)))
+	new_field_type = make_packable_type (new_field_type, true);
+
+      /* However, for the last field in a not already packed record type
+	 that is of an aggregate type, we need to use the RM size in the
+	 packable version of the record type, see finish_record_type.  */
+      if (!DECL_CHAIN (old_field)
+	  && !TYPE_PACKED (type)
+	  && RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (new_field_type)
+	  && !TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (new_field_type)
+	  && !TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (new_field_type)
+	  && TYPE_ADA_SIZE (new_field_type))
+	new_size = TYPE_ADA_SIZE (new_field_type);
+      else
+	new_size = DECL_SIZE (old_field);
+
+      new_field
+	= create_field_decl (DECL_NAME (old_field), new_field_type, new_type,
+			     new_size, bit_position (old_field),
+			     TYPE_PACKED (type),
+			     !DECL_NONADDRESSABLE_P (old_field));
+
+      DECL_INTERNAL_P (new_field) = DECL_INTERNAL_P (old_field);
+      SET_DECL_ORIGINAL_FIELD_TO_FIELD (new_field, old_field);
+      if (TREE_CODE (new_type) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
+	DECL_QUALIFIER (new_field) = DECL_QUALIFIER (old_field);
+
+      DECL_CHAIN (new_field) = field_list;
+      field_list = new_field;
+    }
+
+  finish_record_type (new_type, nreverse (field_list), 2, false);
+  relate_alias_sets (new_type, type, ALIAS_SET_COPY);
+  if (TYPE_STUB_DECL (type))
+    SET_DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE (TYPE_STUB_DECL (new_type),
+			    DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE (TYPE_STUB_DECL (type)));
+
+  /* If this is a padding record, we never want to make the size smaller
+     than what was specified.  For QUAL_UNION_TYPE, also copy the size.  */
+  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (type) || TREE_CODE (type) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
+    {
+      TYPE_SIZE (new_type) = TYPE_SIZE (type);
+      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (new_type) = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type);
+      new_size = size;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      TYPE_SIZE (new_type) = bitsize_int (new_size);
+      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (new_type)
+	= size_int ((new_size + BITS_PER_UNIT - 1) / BITS_PER_UNIT);
+    }
+
+  if (!TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (type))
+    SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE (new_type, TYPE_ADA_SIZE (type));
+
+  compute_record_mode (new_type);
+
+  /* Try harder to get a packable type if necessary, for example
+     in case the record itself contains a BLKmode field.  */
+  if (in_record && TYPE_MODE (new_type) == BLKmode)
+    SET_TYPE_MODE (new_type,
+		   mode_for_size_tree (TYPE_SIZE (new_type), MODE_INT, 1));
+
+  /* If neither the mode nor the size has shrunk, return the old type.  */
+  if (TYPE_MODE (new_type) == BLKmode && new_size >= size)
+    return type;
+
+  return new_type;
+}
+
+/* Given a type TYPE, return a new type whose size is appropriate for SIZE.
+   If TYPE is the best type, return it.  Otherwise, make a new type.  We
+   only support new integral and pointer types.  FOR_BIASED is true if
+   we are making a biased type.  */
+
+tree
+make_type_from_size (tree type, tree size_tree, bool for_biased)
+{
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT size;
+  bool biased_p;
+  tree new_type;
+
+  /* If size indicates an error, just return TYPE to avoid propagating
+     the error.  Likewise if it's too large to represent.  */
+  if (!size_tree || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (size_tree))
+    return type;
+
+  size = tree_to_uhwi (size_tree);
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE (type))
+    {
+    case INTEGER_TYPE:
+    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
+    case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
+      biased_p = (TREE_CODE (type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+		  && TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (type));
+
+      /* Integer types with precision 0 are forbidden.  */
+      if (size == 0)
+	size = 1;
+
+      /* Only do something if the type isn't a packed array type and doesn't
+	 already have the proper size and the size isn't too large.  */
+      if (TYPE_IS_PACKED_ARRAY_TYPE_P (type)
+	  || (TYPE_PRECISION (type) == size && biased_p == for_biased)
+	  || size > LONG_LONG_TYPE_SIZE)
+	break;
+
+      biased_p |= for_biased;
+      if (TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) || biased_p)
+	new_type = make_unsigned_type (size);
+      else
+	new_type = make_signed_type (size);
+      TREE_TYPE (new_type) = TREE_TYPE (type) ? TREE_TYPE (type) : type;
+      SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (new_type,
+			     convert (TREE_TYPE (new_type),
+				      TYPE_MIN_VALUE (type)));
+      SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (new_type,
+			     convert (TREE_TYPE (new_type),
+				      TYPE_MAX_VALUE (type)));
+      /* Copy the name to show that it's essentially the same type and
+	 not a subrange type.  */
+      TYPE_NAME (new_type) = TYPE_NAME (type);
+      TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (new_type) = biased_p;
+      SET_TYPE_RM_SIZE (new_type, bitsize_int (size));
+      return new_type;
+
+    case RECORD_TYPE:
+      /* Do something if this is a fat pointer, in which case we
+	 may need to return the thin pointer.  */
+      if (TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (type) && size < POINTER_SIZE * 2)
+	{
+	  enum machine_mode p_mode = mode_for_size (size, MODE_INT, 0);
+	  if (!targetm.valid_pointer_mode (p_mode))
+	    p_mode = ptr_mode;
+	  return
+	    build_pointer_type_for_mode
+	      (TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE (TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (type)),
+	       p_mode, 0);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case POINTER_TYPE:
+      /* Only do something if this is a thin pointer, in which case we
+	 may need to return the fat pointer.  */
+      if (TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (type) && size >= POINTER_SIZE * 2)
+	return
+	  build_pointer_type (TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (TREE_TYPE (type)));
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  return type;
+}
+
+/* See if the data pointed to by the hash table slot is marked.  */
+
+static int
+pad_type_hash_marked_p (const void *p)
+{
+  const_tree const type = ((const struct pad_type_hash *) p)->type;
+
+  return ggc_marked_p (type);
+}
+
+/* Return the cached hash value.  */
+
+static hashval_t
+pad_type_hash_hash (const void *p)
+{
+  return ((const struct pad_type_hash *) p)->hash;
+}
+
+/* Return 1 iff the padded types are equivalent.  */
+
+static int
+pad_type_hash_eq (const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+  const struct pad_type_hash *const t1 = (const struct pad_type_hash *) p1;
+  const struct pad_type_hash *const t2 = (const struct pad_type_hash *) p2;
+  tree type1, type2;
+
+  if (t1->hash != t2->hash)
+    return 0;
+
+  type1 = t1->type;
+  type2 = t2->type;
+
+  /* We consider that the padded types are equivalent if they pad the same
+     type and have the same size, alignment and RM size.  Taking the mode
+     into account is redundant since it is determined by the others.  */
+  return
+    TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type1)) == TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type2))
+    && TYPE_SIZE (type1) == TYPE_SIZE (type2)
+    && TYPE_ALIGN (type1) == TYPE_ALIGN (type2)
+    && TYPE_ADA_SIZE (type1) == TYPE_ADA_SIZE (type2);
+}
+
+/* Ensure that TYPE has SIZE and ALIGN.  Make and return a new padded type
+   if needed.  We have already verified that SIZE and TYPE are large enough.
+   GNAT_ENTITY is used to name the resulting record and to issue a warning.
+   IS_COMPONENT_TYPE is true if this is being done for the component type of
+   an array.  IS_USER_TYPE is true if the original type needs to be completed.
+   DEFINITION is true if this type is being defined.  SET_RM_SIZE is true if
+   the RM size of the resulting type is to be set to SIZE too.  */
+
+tree
+maybe_pad_type (tree type, tree size, unsigned int align,
+		Entity_Id gnat_entity, bool is_component_type,
+		bool is_user_type, bool definition, bool set_rm_size)
+{
+  tree orig_size = TYPE_SIZE (type);
+  unsigned int orig_align = TYPE_ALIGN (type);
+  tree record, field;
+
+  /* If TYPE is a padded type, see if it agrees with any size and alignment
+     we were given.  If so, return the original type.  Otherwise, strip
+     off the padding, since we will either be returning the inner type
+     or repadding it.  If no size or alignment is specified, use that of
+     the original padded type.  */
+  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (type))
+    {
+      if ((!size
+	   || operand_equal_p (round_up (size, orig_align), orig_size, 0))
+	  && (align == 0 || align == orig_align))
+	return type;
+
+      if (!size)
+	size = orig_size;
+      if (align == 0)
+	align = orig_align;
+
+      type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type));
+      orig_size = TYPE_SIZE (type);
+      orig_align = TYPE_ALIGN (type);
+    }
+
+  /* If the size is either not being changed or is being made smaller (which
+     is not done here and is only valid for bitfields anyway), show the size
+     isn't changing.  Likewise, clear the alignment if it isn't being
+     changed.  Then return if we aren't doing anything.  */
+  if (size
+      && (operand_equal_p (size, orig_size, 0)
+	  || (TREE_CODE (orig_size) == INTEGER_CST
+	      && tree_int_cst_lt (size, orig_size))))
+    size = NULL_TREE;
+
+  if (align == orig_align)
+    align = 0;
+
+  if (align == 0 && !size)
+    return type;
+
+  /* If requested, complete the original type and give it a name.  */
+  if (is_user_type)
+    create_type_decl (get_entity_name (gnat_entity), type,
+		      !Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity),
+		      !(TYPE_NAME (type)
+			&& TREE_CODE (TYPE_NAME (type)) == TYPE_DECL
+			&& DECL_IGNORED_P (TYPE_NAME (type))),
+		      gnat_entity);
+
+  /* We used to modify the record in place in some cases, but that could
+     generate incorrect debugging information.  So make a new record
+     type and name.  */
+  record = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+  TYPE_PADDING_P (record) = 1;
+
+  if (Present (gnat_entity))
+    TYPE_NAME (record) = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "PAD");
+
+  TYPE_ALIGN (record) = align ? align : orig_align;
+  TYPE_SIZE (record) = size ? size : orig_size;
+  TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (record)
+    = convert (sizetype,
+	       size_binop (CEIL_DIV_EXPR, TYPE_SIZE (record),
+			   bitsize_unit_node));
+
+  /* If we are changing the alignment and the input type is a record with
+     BLKmode and a small constant size, try to make a form that has an
+     integral mode.  This might allow the padding record to also have an
+     integral mode, which will be much more efficient.  There is no point
+     in doing so if a size is specified unless it is also a small constant
+     size and it is incorrect to do so if we cannot guarantee that the mode
+     will be naturally aligned since the field must always be addressable.
+
+     ??? This might not always be a win when done for a stand-alone object:
+     since the nominal and the effective type of the object will now have
+     different modes, a VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR will be required for converting
+     between them and it might be hard to overcome afterwards, including
+     at the RTL level when the stand-alone object is accessed as a whole.  */
+  if (align != 0
+      && RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (type)
+      && TYPE_MODE (type) == BLKmode
+      && !TYPE_BY_REFERENCE_P (type)
+      && TREE_CODE (orig_size) == INTEGER_CST
+      && !TREE_OVERFLOW (orig_size)
+      && compare_tree_int (orig_size, MAX_FIXED_MODE_SIZE) <= 0
+      && (!size
+	  || (TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST
+	      && compare_tree_int (size, MAX_FIXED_MODE_SIZE) <= 0)))
+    {
+      tree packable_type = make_packable_type (type, true);
+      if (TYPE_MODE (packable_type) != BLKmode
+	  && align >= TYPE_ALIGN (packable_type))
+        type = packable_type;
+    }
+
+  /* Now create the field with the original size.  */
+  field  = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("F"), type, record, orig_size,
+			      bitsize_zero_node, 0, 1);
+  DECL_INTERNAL_P (field) = 1;
+
+  /* Do not emit debug info until after the auxiliary record is built.  */
+  finish_record_type (record, field, 1, false);
+
+  /* Set the RM size if requested.  */
+  if (set_rm_size)
+    {
+      SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE (record, size ? size : orig_size);
+
+      /* If the padded type is complete and has constant size, we canonicalize
+	 it by means of the hash table.  This is consistent with the language
+	 semantics and ensures that gigi and the middle-end have a common view
+	 of these padded types.  */
+      if (TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (record)))
+	{
+	  hashval_t hashcode;
+	  struct pad_type_hash in, *h;
+	  void **loc;
+
+	  hashcode = iterative_hash_object (TYPE_HASH (type), 0);
+	  hashcode = iterative_hash_expr (TYPE_SIZE (record), hashcode);
+	  hashcode = iterative_hash_hashval_t (TYPE_ALIGN (record), hashcode);
+	  hashcode = iterative_hash_expr (TYPE_ADA_SIZE (record), hashcode);
+
+	  in.hash = hashcode;
+	  in.type = record;
+	  h = (struct pad_type_hash *)
+		htab_find_with_hash (pad_type_hash_table, &in, hashcode);
+	  if (h)
+	    {
+	      record = h->type;
+	      goto built;
+	    }
+
+	  h = ggc_alloc_pad_type_hash ();
+	  h->hash = hashcode;
+	  h->type = record;
+	  loc = htab_find_slot_with_hash (pad_type_hash_table, h, hashcode,
+					  INSERT);
+	  *loc = (void *)h;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Unless debugging information isn't being written for the input type,
+     write a record that shows what we are a subtype of and also make a
+     variable that indicates our size, if still variable.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (orig_size) != INTEGER_CST
+      && TYPE_NAME (record)
+      && TYPE_NAME (type)
+      && !(TREE_CODE (TYPE_NAME (type)) == TYPE_DECL
+	   && DECL_IGNORED_P (TYPE_NAME (type))))
+    {
+      tree marker = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+      tree name = TYPE_NAME (record);
+      tree orig_name = TYPE_NAME (type);
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (name) == TYPE_DECL)
+	name = DECL_NAME (name);
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (orig_name) == TYPE_DECL)
+	orig_name = DECL_NAME (orig_name);
+
+      TYPE_NAME (marker) = concat_name (name, "XVS");
+      finish_record_type (marker,
+			  create_field_decl (orig_name,
+					     build_reference_type (type),
+					     marker, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE,
+					     0, 0),
+			  0, true);
+
+      add_parallel_type (record, marker);
+
+      if (definition && size && TREE_CODE (size) != INTEGER_CST)
+	TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (marker)
+	  = create_var_decl (concat_name (name, "XVZ"), NULL_TREE, sizetype,
+			     TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (record), false, false, false,
+			     false, NULL, gnat_entity);
+    }
+
+  rest_of_record_type_compilation (record);
+
+built:
+  /* If the size was widened explicitly, maybe give a warning.  Take the
+     original size as the maximum size of the input if there was an
+     unconstrained record involved and round it up to the specified alignment,
+     if one was specified.  But don't do it if we are just annotating types
+     and the type is tagged, since tagged types aren't fully laid out in this
+     mode.  */
+  if (!size
+      || TREE_CODE (size) == COND_EXPR
+      || TREE_CODE (size) == MAX_EXPR
+      || No (gnat_entity)
+      || (type_annotate_only && Is_Tagged_Type (Etype (gnat_entity))))
+    return record;
+
+  if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (orig_size))
+    orig_size = max_size (orig_size, true);
+
+  if (align)
+    orig_size = round_up (orig_size, align);
+
+  if (!operand_equal_p (size, orig_size, 0)
+      && !(TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST
+	   && TREE_CODE (orig_size) == INTEGER_CST
+	   && (TREE_OVERFLOW (size)
+	       || TREE_OVERFLOW (orig_size)
+	       || tree_int_cst_lt (size, orig_size))))
+    {
+      Node_Id gnat_error_node = Empty;
+
+      if (Is_Packed_Array_Type (gnat_entity))
+	gnat_entity = Original_Array_Type (gnat_entity);
+
+      if ((Ekind (gnat_entity) == E_Component
+	   || Ekind (gnat_entity) == E_Discriminant)
+	  && Present (Component_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	gnat_error_node = Last_Bit (Component_Clause (gnat_entity));
+      else if (Present (Size_Clause (gnat_entity)))
+	gnat_error_node = Expression (Size_Clause (gnat_entity));
+
+      /* Generate message only for entities that come from source, since
+	 if we have an entity created by expansion, the message will be
+	 generated for some other corresponding source entity.  */
+      if (Comes_From_Source (gnat_entity))
+	{
+	  if (Present (gnat_error_node))
+	    post_error_ne_tree ("{^ }bits of & unused?",
+				gnat_error_node, gnat_entity,
+				size_diffop (size, orig_size));
+	  else if (is_component_type)
+	    post_error_ne_tree ("component of& padded{ by ^ bits}?",
+				gnat_entity, gnat_entity,
+				size_diffop (size, orig_size));
+	}
+    }
+
+  return record;
+}
+
+/* Relate the alias sets of GNU_NEW_TYPE and GNU_OLD_TYPE according to OP.
+   If this is a multi-dimensional array type, do this recursively.
+
+   OP may be
+   - ALIAS_SET_COPY:     the new set is made a copy of the old one.
+   - ALIAS_SET_SUPERSET: the new set is made a superset of the old one.
+   - ALIAS_SET_SUBSET:   the new set is made a subset of the old one.  */
+
+void
+relate_alias_sets (tree gnu_new_type, tree gnu_old_type, enum alias_set_op op)
+{
+  /* Remove any padding from GNU_OLD_TYPE.  It doesn't matter in the case
+     of a one-dimensional array, since the padding has the same alias set
+     as the field type, but if it's a multi-dimensional array, we need to
+     see the inner types.  */
+  while (TREE_CODE (gnu_old_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	 && (TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (gnu_old_type)
+	     || TYPE_PADDING_P (gnu_old_type)))
+    gnu_old_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_old_type));
+
+  /* Unconstrained array types are deemed incomplete and would thus be given
+     alias set 0.  Retrieve the underlying array type.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_old_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+    gnu_old_type
+      = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_old_type))));
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_new_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+    gnu_new_type
+      = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (gnu_new_type))));
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (gnu_new_type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+      && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_new_type)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+      && TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (TREE_TYPE (gnu_new_type)))
+    relate_alias_sets (TREE_TYPE (gnu_new_type), TREE_TYPE (gnu_old_type), op);
+
+  switch (op)
+    {
+    case ALIAS_SET_COPY:
+      /* The alias set shouldn't be copied between array types with different
+	 aliasing settings because this can break the aliasing relationship
+	 between the array type and its element type.  */
+#ifndef ENABLE_CHECKING
+      if (flag_strict_aliasing)
+#endif
+	gcc_assert (!(TREE_CODE (gnu_new_type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+		      && TREE_CODE (gnu_old_type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+		      && TYPE_NONALIASED_COMPONENT (gnu_new_type)
+			 != TYPE_NONALIASED_COMPONENT (gnu_old_type)));
+
+      TYPE_ALIAS_SET (gnu_new_type) = get_alias_set (gnu_old_type);
+      break;
+
+    case ALIAS_SET_SUBSET:
+    case ALIAS_SET_SUPERSET:
+      {
+	alias_set_type old_set = get_alias_set (gnu_old_type);
+	alias_set_type new_set = get_alias_set (gnu_new_type);
+
+	/* Do nothing if the alias sets conflict.  This ensures that we
+	   never call record_alias_subset several times for the same pair
+	   or at all for alias set 0.  */
+	if (!alias_sets_conflict_p (old_set, new_set))
+	  {
+	    if (op == ALIAS_SET_SUBSET)
+	      record_alias_subset (old_set, new_set);
+	    else
+	      record_alias_subset (new_set, old_set);
+	  }
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  record_component_aliases (gnu_new_type);
+}
+
+/* Record TYPE as a builtin type for Ada.  NAME is the name of the type.
+   ARTIFICIAL_P is true if it's a type that was generated by the compiler.  */
+
+void
+record_builtin_type (const char *name, tree type, bool artificial_p)
+{
+  tree type_decl = build_decl (input_location,
+			       TYPE_DECL, get_identifier (name), type);
+  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (type_decl) = artificial_p;
+  TYPE_ARTIFICIAL (type) = artificial_p;
+  gnat_pushdecl (type_decl, Empty);
+
+  if (debug_hooks->type_decl)
+    debug_hooks->type_decl (type_decl, false);
+}
+
+/* Given a record type RECORD_TYPE and a list of FIELD_DECL nodes FIELD_LIST,
+   finish constructing the record type as a fat pointer type.  */
+
+void
+finish_fat_pointer_type (tree record_type, tree field_list)
+{
+  /* Make sure we can put it into a register.  */
+  if (STRICT_ALIGNMENT)
+    TYPE_ALIGN (record_type) = MIN (BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT, 2 * POINTER_SIZE);
+
+  /* Show what it really is.  */
+  TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (record_type) = 1;
+
+  /* Do not emit debug info for it since the types of its fields may still be
+     incomplete at this point.  */
+  finish_record_type (record_type, field_list, 0, false);
+
+  /* Force type_contains_placeholder_p to return true on it.  Although the
+     PLACEHOLDER_EXPRs are referenced only indirectly, this isn't a pointer
+     type but the representation of the unconstrained array.  */
+  TYPE_CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_INTERNAL (record_type) = 2;
+}
+
+/* Given a record type RECORD_TYPE and a list of FIELD_DECL nodes FIELD_LIST,
+   finish constructing the record or union type.  If REP_LEVEL is zero, this
+   record has no representation clause and so will be entirely laid out here.
+   If REP_LEVEL is one, this record has a representation clause and has been
+   laid out already; only set the sizes and alignment.  If REP_LEVEL is two,
+   this record is derived from a parent record and thus inherits its layout;
+   only make a pass on the fields to finalize them.  DEBUG_INFO_P is true if
+   we need to write debug information about this type.  */
+
+void
+finish_record_type (tree record_type, tree field_list, int rep_level,
+		    bool debug_info_p)
+{
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (record_type);
+  tree name = TYPE_NAME (record_type);
+  tree ada_size = bitsize_zero_node;
+  tree size = bitsize_zero_node;
+  bool had_size = TYPE_SIZE (record_type) != 0;
+  bool had_size_unit = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (record_type) != 0;
+  bool had_align = TYPE_ALIGN (record_type) != 0;
+  tree field;
+
+  TYPE_FIELDS (record_type) = field_list;
+
+  /* Always attach the TYPE_STUB_DECL for a record type.  It is required to
+     generate debug info and have a parallel type.  */
+  if (name && TREE_CODE (name) == TYPE_DECL)
+    name = DECL_NAME (name);
+  TYPE_STUB_DECL (record_type) = create_type_stub_decl (name, record_type);
+
+  /* Globally initialize the record first.  If this is a rep'ed record,
+     that just means some initializations; otherwise, layout the record.  */
+  if (rep_level > 0)
+    {
+      TYPE_ALIGN (record_type) = MAX (BITS_PER_UNIT, TYPE_ALIGN (record_type));
+
+      if (!had_size_unit)
+	TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (record_type) = size_zero_node;
+
+      if (!had_size)
+	TYPE_SIZE (record_type) = bitsize_zero_node;
+
+      /* For all-repped records with a size specified, lay the QUAL_UNION_TYPE
+	 out just like a UNION_TYPE, since the size will be fixed.  */
+      else if (code == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
+	code = UNION_TYPE;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Ensure there isn't a size already set.  There can be in an error
+	 case where there is a rep clause but all fields have errors and
+	 no longer have a position.  */
+      TYPE_SIZE (record_type) = 0;
+
+      /* Ensure we use the traditional GCC layout for bitfields when we need
+	 to pack the record type or have a representation clause.  The other
+	 possible layout (Microsoft C compiler), if available, would prevent
+	 efficient packing in almost all cases.  */
+#ifdef TARGET_MS_BITFIELD_LAYOUT
+      if (TARGET_MS_BITFIELD_LAYOUT && TYPE_PACKED (record_type))
+	decl_attributes (&record_type,
+			 tree_cons (get_identifier ("gcc_struct"),
+				    NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE),
+			 ATTR_FLAG_TYPE_IN_PLACE);
+#endif
+
+      layout_type (record_type);
+    }
+
+  /* At this point, the position and size of each field is known.  It was
+     either set before entry by a rep clause, or by laying out the type above.
+
+     We now run a pass over the fields (in reverse order for QUAL_UNION_TYPEs)
+     to compute the Ada size; the GCC size and alignment (for rep'ed records
+     that are not padding types); and the mode (for rep'ed records).  We also
+     clear the DECL_BIT_FIELD indication for the cases we know have not been
+     handled yet, and adjust DECL_NONADDRESSABLE_P accordingly.  */
+
+  if (code == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
+    field_list = nreverse (field_list);
+
+  for (field = field_list; field; field = DECL_CHAIN (field))
+    {
+      tree type = TREE_TYPE (field);
+      tree pos = bit_position (field);
+      tree this_size = DECL_SIZE (field);
+      tree this_ada_size;
+
+      if (RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (type)
+	  && !TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (type)
+	  && !TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (type)
+	  && TYPE_ADA_SIZE (type))
+	this_ada_size = TYPE_ADA_SIZE (type);
+      else
+	this_ada_size = this_size;
+
+      /* Clear DECL_BIT_FIELD for the cases layout_decl does not handle.  */
+      if (DECL_BIT_FIELD (field)
+	  && operand_equal_p (this_size, TYPE_SIZE (type), 0))
+	{
+	  unsigned int align = TYPE_ALIGN (type);
+
+	  /* In the general case, type alignment is required.  */
+	  if (value_factor_p (pos, align))
+	    {
+	      /* The enclosing record type must be sufficiently aligned.
+		 Otherwise, if no alignment was specified for it and it
+		 has been laid out already, bump its alignment to the
+		 desired one if this is compatible with its size.  */
+	      if (TYPE_ALIGN (record_type) >= align)
+		{
+		  DECL_ALIGN (field) = MAX (DECL_ALIGN (field), align);
+		  DECL_BIT_FIELD (field) = 0;
+		}
+	      else if (!had_align
+		       && rep_level == 0
+		       && value_factor_p (TYPE_SIZE (record_type), align))
+		{
+		  TYPE_ALIGN (record_type) = align;
+		  DECL_ALIGN (field) = MAX (DECL_ALIGN (field), align);
+		  DECL_BIT_FIELD (field) = 0;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  /* In the non-strict alignment case, only byte alignment is.  */
+	  if (!STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+	      && DECL_BIT_FIELD (field)
+	      && value_factor_p (pos, BITS_PER_UNIT))
+	    DECL_BIT_FIELD (field) = 0;
+	}
+
+      /* If we still have DECL_BIT_FIELD set at this point, we know that the
+	 field is technically not addressable.  Except that it can actually
+	 be addressed if it is BLKmode and happens to be properly aligned.  */
+      if (DECL_BIT_FIELD (field)
+	  && !(DECL_MODE (field) == BLKmode
+	       && value_factor_p (pos, BITS_PER_UNIT)))
+	DECL_NONADDRESSABLE_P (field) = 1;
+
+      /* A type must be as aligned as its most aligned field that is not
+	 a bit-field.  But this is already enforced by layout_type.  */
+      if (rep_level > 0 && !DECL_BIT_FIELD (field))
+	TYPE_ALIGN (record_type)
+	  = MAX (TYPE_ALIGN (record_type), DECL_ALIGN (field));
+
+      switch (code)
+	{
+	case UNION_TYPE:
+	  ada_size = size_binop (MAX_EXPR, ada_size, this_ada_size);
+	  size = size_binop (MAX_EXPR, size, this_size);
+	  break;
+
+	case QUAL_UNION_TYPE:
+	  ada_size
+	    = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, bitsizetype, DECL_QUALIFIER (field),
+			   this_ada_size, ada_size);
+	  size = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, bitsizetype, DECL_QUALIFIER (field),
+			      this_size, size);
+	  break;
+
+	case RECORD_TYPE:
+	  /* Since we know here that all fields are sorted in order of
+	     increasing bit position, the size of the record is one
+	     higher than the ending bit of the last field processed
+	     unless we have a rep clause, since in that case we might
+	     have a field outside a QUAL_UNION_TYPE that has a higher ending
+	     position.  So use a MAX in that case.  Also, if this field is a
+	     QUAL_UNION_TYPE, we need to take into account the previous size in
+	     the case of empty variants.  */
+	  ada_size
+	    = merge_sizes (ada_size, pos, this_ada_size,
+			   TREE_CODE (type) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE, rep_level > 0);
+	  size
+	    = merge_sizes (size, pos, this_size,
+			   TREE_CODE (type) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE, rep_level > 0);
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  gcc_unreachable ();
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (code == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
+    nreverse (field_list);
+
+  if (rep_level < 2)
+    {
+      /* If this is a padding record, we never want to make the size smaller
+	 than what was specified in it, if any.  */
+      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (record_type) && TYPE_SIZE (record_type))
+	size = TYPE_SIZE (record_type);
+
+      /* Now set any of the values we've just computed that apply.  */
+      if (!TYPE_FAT_POINTER_P (record_type)
+	  && !TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (record_type))
+	SET_TYPE_ADA_SIZE (record_type, ada_size);
+
+      if (rep_level > 0)
+	{
+	  tree size_unit = had_size_unit
+			   ? TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (record_type)
+			   : convert (sizetype,
+				      size_binop (CEIL_DIV_EXPR, size,
+						  bitsize_unit_node));
+	  unsigned int align = TYPE_ALIGN (record_type);
+
+	  TYPE_SIZE (record_type) = variable_size (round_up (size, align));
+	  TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (record_type)
+	    = variable_size (round_up (size_unit, align / BITS_PER_UNIT));
+
+	  compute_record_mode (record_type);
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (debug_info_p)
+    rest_of_record_type_compilation (record_type);
+}
+
+/* Append PARALLEL_TYPE on the chain of parallel types of TYPE.  */
+
+void
+add_parallel_type (tree type, tree parallel_type)
+{
+  tree decl = TYPE_STUB_DECL (type);
+
+  while (DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE (decl))
+    decl = TYPE_STUB_DECL (DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE (decl));
+
+  SET_DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE (decl, parallel_type);
+}
+
+/* Return true if TYPE has a parallel type.  */
+
+static bool
+has_parallel_type (tree type)
+{
+  tree decl = TYPE_STUB_DECL (type);
+
+  return DECL_PARALLEL_TYPE (decl) != NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Wrap up compilation of RECORD_TYPE, i.e. output all the debug information
+   associated with it.  It need not be invoked directly in most cases since
+   finish_record_type takes care of doing so, but this can be necessary if
+   a parallel type is to be attached to the record type.  */
+
+void
+rest_of_record_type_compilation (tree record_type)
+{
+  bool var_size = false;
+  tree field;
+
+  /* If this is a padded type, the bulk of the debug info has already been
+     generated for the field's type.  */
+  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (record_type))
+    return;
+
+  /* If the type already has a parallel type (XVS type), then we're done.  */
+  if (has_parallel_type (record_type))
+    return;
+
+  for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (record_type); field; field = DECL_CHAIN (field))
+    {
+      /* We need to make an XVE/XVU record if any field has variable size,
+	 whether or not the record does.  For example, if we have a union,
+	 it may be that all fields, rounded up to the alignment, have the
+	 same size, in which case we'll use that size.  But the debug
+	 output routines (except Dwarf2) won't be able to output the fields,
+	 so we need to make the special record.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (DECL_SIZE (field)) != INTEGER_CST
+	  /* If a field has a non-constant qualifier, the record will have
+	     variable size too.  */
+	  || (TREE_CODE (record_type) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE
+	      && TREE_CODE (DECL_QUALIFIER (field)) != INTEGER_CST))
+	{
+	  var_size = true;
+	  break;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* If this record type is of variable size, make a parallel record type that
+     will tell the debugger how the former is laid out (see exp_dbug.ads).  */
+  if (var_size)
+    {
+      tree new_record_type
+	= make_node (TREE_CODE (record_type) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE
+		     ? UNION_TYPE : TREE_CODE (record_type));
+      tree orig_name = TYPE_NAME (record_type), new_name;
+      tree last_pos = bitsize_zero_node;
+      tree old_field, prev_old_field = NULL_TREE;
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (orig_name) == TYPE_DECL)
+	orig_name = DECL_NAME (orig_name);
+
+      new_name
+	= concat_name (orig_name, TREE_CODE (record_type) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE
+				  ? "XVU" : "XVE");
+      TYPE_NAME (new_record_type) = new_name;
+      TYPE_ALIGN (new_record_type) = BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT;
+      TYPE_STUB_DECL (new_record_type)
+	= create_type_stub_decl (new_name, new_record_type);
+      DECL_IGNORED_P (TYPE_STUB_DECL (new_record_type))
+	= DECL_IGNORED_P (TYPE_STUB_DECL (record_type));
+      TYPE_SIZE (new_record_type) = size_int (TYPE_ALIGN (record_type));
+      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (new_record_type)
+	= size_int (TYPE_ALIGN (record_type) / BITS_PER_UNIT);
+
+      /* Now scan all the fields, replacing each field with a new field
+	 corresponding to the new encoding.  */
+      for (old_field = TYPE_FIELDS (record_type); old_field;
+	   old_field = DECL_CHAIN (old_field))
+	{
+	  tree field_type = TREE_TYPE (old_field);
+	  tree field_name = DECL_NAME (old_field);
+	  tree curpos = bit_position (old_field);
+	  tree pos, new_field;
+	  bool var = false;
+	  unsigned int align = 0;
+
+	  /* We're going to do some pattern matching below so remove as many
+	     conversions as possible.  */
+	  curpos = remove_conversions (curpos, true);
+
+	  /* See how the position was modified from the last position.
+
+	     There are two basic cases we support: a value was added
+	     to the last position or the last position was rounded to
+	     a boundary and they something was added.  Check for the
+	     first case first.  If not, see if there is any evidence
+	     of rounding.  If so, round the last position and retry.
+
+	     If this is a union, the position can be taken as zero.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (new_record_type) == UNION_TYPE)
+	    pos = bitsize_zero_node;
+	  else
+	    pos = compute_related_constant (curpos, last_pos);
+
+	  if (!pos
+	      && TREE_CODE (curpos) == MULT_EXPR
+	      && tree_fits_uhwi_p (TREE_OPERAND (curpos, 1)))
+	    {
+	      tree offset = TREE_OPERAND (curpos, 0);
+	      align = tree_to_uhwi (TREE_OPERAND (curpos, 1));
+	      align = scale_by_factor_of (offset, align);
+	      last_pos = round_up (last_pos, align);
+	      pos = compute_related_constant (curpos, last_pos);
+	    }
+	  else if (!pos
+		   && TREE_CODE (curpos) == PLUS_EXPR
+		   && tree_fits_uhwi_p (TREE_OPERAND (curpos, 1))
+		   && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (curpos, 0)) == MULT_EXPR
+		   && tree_fits_uhwi_p
+		      (TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (curpos, 0), 1)))
+	    {
+	      tree offset = TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (curpos, 0), 0);
+	      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT addend
+	        = tree_to_uhwi (TREE_OPERAND (curpos, 1));
+	      align
+		= tree_to_uhwi (TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (curpos, 0), 1));
+	      align = scale_by_factor_of (offset, align);
+	      align = MIN (align, addend & -addend);
+	      last_pos = round_up (last_pos, align);
+	      pos = compute_related_constant (curpos, last_pos);
+	    }
+	  else if (potential_alignment_gap (prev_old_field, old_field, pos))
+	    {
+	      align = TYPE_ALIGN (field_type);
+	      last_pos = round_up (last_pos, align);
+	      pos = compute_related_constant (curpos, last_pos);
+	    }
+
+	  /* If we can't compute a position, set it to zero.
+
+	     ??? We really should abort here, but it's too much work
+	     to get this correct for all cases.  */
+	  if (!pos)
+	    pos = bitsize_zero_node;
+
+	  /* See if this type is variable-sized and make a pointer type
+	     and indicate the indirection if so.  Beware that the debug
+	     back-end may adjust the position computed above according
+	     to the alignment of the field type, i.e. the pointer type
+	     in this case, if we don't preventively counter that.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (DECL_SIZE (old_field)) != INTEGER_CST)
+	    {
+	      field_type = build_pointer_type (field_type);
+	      if (align != 0 && TYPE_ALIGN (field_type) > align)
+		{
+		  field_type = copy_node (field_type);
+		  TYPE_ALIGN (field_type) = align;
+		}
+	      var = true;
+	    }
+
+	  /* Make a new field name, if necessary.  */
+	  if (var || align != 0)
+	    {
+	      char suffix[16];
+
+	      if (align != 0)
+		sprintf (suffix, "XV%c%u", var ? 'L' : 'A',
+			 align / BITS_PER_UNIT);
+	      else
+		strcpy (suffix, "XVL");
+
+	      field_name = concat_name (field_name, suffix);
+	    }
+
+	  new_field
+	    = create_field_decl (field_name, field_type, new_record_type,
+				 DECL_SIZE (old_field), pos, 0, 0);
+	  DECL_CHAIN (new_field) = TYPE_FIELDS (new_record_type);
+	  TYPE_FIELDS (new_record_type) = new_field;
+
+	  /* If old_field is a QUAL_UNION_TYPE, take its size as being
+	     zero.  The only time it's not the last field of the record
+	     is when there are other components at fixed positions after
+	     it (meaning there was a rep clause for every field) and we
+	     want to be able to encode them.  */
+	  last_pos = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, bit_position (old_field),
+				 (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (old_field))
+				  == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
+				 ? bitsize_zero_node
+				 : DECL_SIZE (old_field));
+	  prev_old_field = old_field;
+	}
+
+      TYPE_FIELDS (new_record_type) = nreverse (TYPE_FIELDS (new_record_type));
+
+      add_parallel_type (record_type, new_record_type);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Utility function of above to merge LAST_SIZE, the previous size of a record
+   with FIRST_BIT and SIZE that describe a field.  SPECIAL is true if this
+   represents a QUAL_UNION_TYPE in which case we must look for COND_EXPRs and
+   replace a value of zero with the old size.  If HAS_REP is true, we take the
+   MAX of the end position of this field with LAST_SIZE.  In all other cases,
+   we use FIRST_BIT plus SIZE.  Return an expression for the size.  */
+
+static tree
+merge_sizes (tree last_size, tree first_bit, tree size, bool special,
+	     bool has_rep)
+{
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (last_size);
+  tree new_size;
+
+  if (!special || TREE_CODE (size) != COND_EXPR)
+    {
+      new_size = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, first_bit, size);
+      if (has_rep)
+	new_size = size_binop (MAX_EXPR, last_size, new_size);
+    }
+
+  else
+    new_size = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, type, TREE_OPERAND (size, 0),
+			    integer_zerop (TREE_OPERAND (size, 1))
+			    ? last_size : merge_sizes (last_size, first_bit,
+						       TREE_OPERAND (size, 1),
+						       1, has_rep),
+			    integer_zerop (TREE_OPERAND (size, 2))
+			    ? last_size : merge_sizes (last_size, first_bit,
+						       TREE_OPERAND (size, 2),
+						       1, has_rep));
+
+  /* We don't need any NON_VALUE_EXPRs and they can confuse us (especially
+     when fed through substitute_in_expr) into thinking that a constant
+     size is not constant.  */
+  while (TREE_CODE (new_size) == NON_LVALUE_EXPR)
+    new_size = TREE_OPERAND (new_size, 0);
+
+  return new_size;
+}
+
+/* Utility function of above to see if OP0 and OP1, both of SIZETYPE, are
+   related by the addition of a constant.  Return that constant if so.  */
+
+static tree
+compute_related_constant (tree op0, tree op1)
+{
+  tree op0_var, op1_var;
+  tree op0_con = split_plus (op0, &op0_var);
+  tree op1_con = split_plus (op1, &op1_var);
+  tree result = size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, op0_con, op1_con);
+
+  if (operand_equal_p (op0_var, op1_var, 0))
+    return result;
+  else if (operand_equal_p (op0, size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, op1_var, result), 0))
+    return result;
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Utility function of above to split a tree OP which may be a sum, into a
+   constant part, which is returned, and a variable part, which is stored
+   in *PVAR.  *PVAR may be bitsize_zero_node.  All operations must be of
+   bitsizetype.  */
+
+static tree
+split_plus (tree in, tree *pvar)
+{
+  /* Strip conversions in order to ease the tree traversal and maximize the
+     potential for constant or plus/minus discovery.  We need to be careful
+     to always return and set *pvar to bitsizetype trees, but it's worth
+     the effort.  */
+  in = remove_conversions (in, false);
+
+  *pvar = convert (bitsizetype, in);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (in) == INTEGER_CST)
+    {
+      *pvar = bitsize_zero_node;
+      return convert (bitsizetype, in);
+    }
+  else if (TREE_CODE (in) == PLUS_EXPR || TREE_CODE (in) == MINUS_EXPR)
+    {
+      tree lhs_var, rhs_var;
+      tree lhs_con = split_plus (TREE_OPERAND (in, 0), &lhs_var);
+      tree rhs_con = split_plus (TREE_OPERAND (in, 1), &rhs_var);
+
+      if (lhs_var == TREE_OPERAND (in, 0)
+	  && rhs_var == TREE_OPERAND (in, 1))
+	return bitsize_zero_node;
+
+      *pvar = size_binop (TREE_CODE (in), lhs_var, rhs_var);
+      return size_binop (TREE_CODE (in), lhs_con, rhs_con);
+    }
+  else
+    return bitsize_zero_node;
+}
+
+/* Return a FUNCTION_TYPE node.  RETURN_TYPE is the type returned by the
+   subprogram.  If it is VOID_TYPE, then we are dealing with a procedure,
+   otherwise we are dealing with a function.  PARAM_DECL_LIST is a list of
+   PARM_DECL nodes that are the subprogram parameters.  CICO_LIST is the
+   copy-in/copy-out list to be stored into the TYPE_CICO_LIST field.
+   RETURN_UNCONSTRAINED_P is true if the function returns an unconstrained
+   object.  RETURN_BY_DIRECT_REF_P is true if the function returns by direct
+   reference.  RETURN_BY_INVISI_REF_P is true if the function returns by
+   invisible reference.  */
+
+tree
+create_subprog_type (tree return_type, tree param_decl_list, tree cico_list,
+		     bool return_unconstrained_p, bool return_by_direct_ref_p,
+		     bool return_by_invisi_ref_p)
+{
+  /* A list of the data type nodes of the subprogram formal parameters.
+     This list is generated by traversing the input list of PARM_DECL
+     nodes.  */
+  vec<tree, va_gc> *param_type_list = NULL;
+  tree t, type;
+
+  for (t = param_decl_list; t; t = DECL_CHAIN (t))
+    vec_safe_push (param_type_list, TREE_TYPE (t));
+
+  type = build_function_type_vec (return_type, param_type_list);
+
+  /* TYPE may have been shared since GCC hashes types.  If it has a different
+     CICO_LIST, make a copy.  Likewise for the various flags.  */
+  if (!fntype_same_flags_p (type, cico_list, return_unconstrained_p,
+			    return_by_direct_ref_p, return_by_invisi_ref_p))
+    {
+      type = copy_type (type);
+      TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (type) = cico_list;
+      TYPE_RETURN_UNCONSTRAINED_P (type) = return_unconstrained_p;
+      TYPE_RETURN_BY_DIRECT_REF_P (type) = return_by_direct_ref_p;
+      TREE_ADDRESSABLE (type) = return_by_invisi_ref_p;
+    }
+
+  return type;
+}
+
+/* Return a copy of TYPE but safe to modify in any way.  */
+
+tree
+copy_type (tree type)
+{
+  tree new_type = copy_node (type);
+
+  /* Unshare the language-specific data.  */
+  if (TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (type))
+    {
+      TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (new_type) = NULL;
+      SET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (new_type, GET_TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (type));
+    }
+
+  /* And the contents of the language-specific slot if needed.  */
+  if ((INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type) || TREE_CODE (type) == REAL_TYPE)
+      && TYPE_RM_VALUES (type))
+    {
+      TYPE_RM_VALUES (new_type) = NULL_TREE;
+      SET_TYPE_RM_SIZE (new_type, TYPE_RM_SIZE (type));
+      SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (new_type, TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (type));
+      SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (new_type, TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (type));
+    }
+
+  /* copy_node clears this field instead of copying it, because it is
+     aliased with TREE_CHAIN.  */
+  TYPE_STUB_DECL (new_type) = TYPE_STUB_DECL (type);
+
+  TYPE_POINTER_TO (new_type) = 0;
+  TYPE_REFERENCE_TO (new_type) = 0;
+  TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (new_type) = new_type;
+  TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (new_type) = 0;
+
+  return new_type;
+}
+
+/* Return a subtype of sizetype with range MIN to MAX and whose
+   TYPE_INDEX_TYPE is INDEX.  GNAT_NODE is used for the position
+   of the associated TYPE_DECL.  */
+
+tree
+create_index_type (tree min, tree max, tree index, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  /* First build a type for the desired range.  */
+  tree type = build_nonshared_range_type (sizetype, min, max);
+
+  /* Then set the index type.  */
+  SET_TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (type, index);
+  create_type_decl (NULL_TREE, type, true, false, gnat_node);
+
+  return type;
+}
+
+/* Return a subtype of TYPE with range MIN to MAX.  If TYPE is NULL,
+   sizetype is used.  */
+
+tree
+create_range_type (tree type, tree min, tree max)
+{
+  tree range_type;
+
+  if (type == NULL_TREE)
+    type = sizetype;
+
+  /* First build a type with the base range.  */
+  range_type = build_nonshared_range_type (type, TYPE_MIN_VALUE (type),
+						 TYPE_MAX_VALUE (type));
+
+  /* Then set the actual range.  */
+  SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (range_type, convert (type, min));
+  SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (range_type, convert (type, max));
+
+  return range_type;
+}
+
+/* Return a TYPE_DECL node suitable for the TYPE_STUB_DECL field of a type.
+   TYPE_NAME gives the name of the type and TYPE is a ..._TYPE node giving
+   its data type.  */
+
+tree
+create_type_stub_decl (tree type_name, tree type)
+{
+  /* Using a named TYPE_DECL ensures that a type name marker is emitted in
+     STABS while setting DECL_ARTIFICIAL ensures that no DW_TAG_typedef is
+     emitted in DWARF.  */
+  tree type_decl = build_decl (input_location, TYPE_DECL, type_name, type);
+  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (type_decl) = 1;
+  TYPE_ARTIFICIAL (type) = 1;
+  return type_decl;
+}
+
+/* Return a TYPE_DECL node.  TYPE_NAME gives the name of the type and TYPE
+   is a ..._TYPE node giving its data type.  ARTIFICIAL_P is true if this
+   is a declaration that was generated by the compiler.  DEBUG_INFO_P is
+   true if we need to write debug information about this type.  GNAT_NODE
+   is used for the position of the decl.  */
+
+tree
+create_type_decl (tree type_name, tree type, bool artificial_p,
+		  bool debug_info_p, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (type);
+  bool named = TYPE_NAME (type) && TREE_CODE (TYPE_NAME (type)) == TYPE_DECL;
+  tree type_decl;
+
+  /* Only the builtin TYPE_STUB_DECL should be used for dummy types.  */
+  gcc_assert (!TYPE_IS_DUMMY_P (type));
+
+  /* If the type hasn't been named yet, we're naming it; preserve an existing
+     TYPE_STUB_DECL that has been attached to it for some purpose.  */
+  if (!named && TYPE_STUB_DECL (type))
+    {
+      type_decl = TYPE_STUB_DECL (type);
+      DECL_NAME (type_decl) = type_name;
+    }
+  else
+    type_decl = build_decl (input_location, TYPE_DECL, type_name, type);
+
+  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (type_decl) = artificial_p;
+  TYPE_ARTIFICIAL (type) = artificial_p;
+
+  /* Add this decl to the current binding level.  */
+  gnat_pushdecl (type_decl, gnat_node);
+
+  /* If we're naming the type, equate the TYPE_STUB_DECL to the name.
+     This causes the name to be also viewed as a "tag" by the debug
+     back-end, with the advantage that no DW_TAG_typedef is emitted
+     for artificial "tagged" types in DWARF.  */
+  if (!named)
+    TYPE_STUB_DECL (type) = type_decl;
+
+  /* Do not generate debug info for UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE that the
+     back-end doesn't support, and for others if we don't need to.  */
+  if (code == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE || !debug_info_p)
+    DECL_IGNORED_P (type_decl) = 1;
+
+  return type_decl;
+}
+
+/* Return a VAR_DECL or CONST_DECL node.
+
+   VAR_NAME gives the name of the variable.  ASM_NAME is its assembler name
+   (if provided).  TYPE is its data type (a GCC ..._TYPE node).  VAR_INIT is
+   the GCC tree for an optional initial expression; NULL_TREE if none.
+
+   CONST_FLAG is true if this variable is constant, in which case we might
+   return a CONST_DECL node unless CONST_DECL_ALLOWED_P is false.
+
+   PUBLIC_FLAG is true if this is for a reference to a public entity or for a
+   definition to be made visible outside of the current compilation unit, for
+   instance variable definitions in a package specification.
+
+   EXTERN_FLAG is true when processing an external variable declaration (as
+   opposed to a definition: no storage is to be allocated for the variable).
+
+   STATIC_FLAG is only relevant when not at top level.  In that case
+   it indicates whether to always allocate storage to the variable.
+
+   GNAT_NODE is used for the position of the decl.  */
+
+tree
+create_var_decl_1 (tree var_name, tree asm_name, tree type, tree var_init,
+		   bool const_flag, bool public_flag, bool extern_flag,
+		   bool static_flag, bool const_decl_allowed_p,
+		   struct attrib *attr_list, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  /* Whether the initializer is a constant initializer.  At the global level
+     or for an external object or an object to be allocated in static memory,
+     we check that it is a valid constant expression for use in initializing
+     a static variable; otherwise, we only check that it is constant.  */
+  bool init_const
+    = (var_init != 0
+       && gnat_types_compatible_p (type, TREE_TYPE (var_init))
+       && (global_bindings_p () || extern_flag || static_flag
+	   ? initializer_constant_valid_p (var_init, TREE_TYPE (var_init)) != 0
+	   : TREE_CONSTANT (var_init)));
+
+  /* Whether we will make TREE_CONSTANT the DECL we produce here, in which
+     case the initializer may be used in-lieu of the DECL node (as done in
+     Identifier_to_gnu).  This is useful to prevent the need of elaboration
+     code when an identifier for which such a decl is made is in turn used as
+     an initializer.  We used to rely on CONST vs VAR_DECL for this purpose,
+     but extra constraints apply to this choice (see below) and are not
+     relevant to the distinction we wish to make. */
+  bool constant_p = const_flag && init_const;
+
+  /* The actual DECL node.  CONST_DECL was initially intended for enumerals
+     and may be used for scalars in general but not for aggregates.  */
+  tree var_decl
+    = build_decl (input_location,
+		  (constant_p && const_decl_allowed_p
+		   && !AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (type)) ? CONST_DECL : VAR_DECL,
+		  var_name, type);
+
+  /* If this is external, throw away any initializations (they will be done
+     elsewhere) unless this is a constant for which we would like to remain
+     able to get the initializer.  If we are defining a global here, leave a
+     constant initialization and save any variable elaborations for the
+     elaboration routine.  If we are just annotating types, throw away the
+     initialization if it isn't a constant.  */
+  if ((extern_flag && !constant_p)
+      || (type_annotate_only && var_init && !TREE_CONSTANT (var_init)))
+    var_init = NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* At the global level, an initializer requiring code to be generated
+     produces elaboration statements.  Check that such statements are allowed,
+     that is, not violating a No_Elaboration_Code restriction.  */
+  if (global_bindings_p () && var_init != 0 && !init_const)
+    Check_Elaboration_Code_Allowed (gnat_node);
+
+  DECL_INITIAL  (var_decl) = var_init;
+  TREE_READONLY (var_decl) = const_flag;
+  DECL_EXTERNAL (var_decl) = extern_flag;
+  TREE_PUBLIC   (var_decl) = public_flag || extern_flag;
+  TREE_CONSTANT (var_decl) = constant_p;
+  TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (var_decl) = TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (var_decl)
+    = TYPE_VOLATILE (type);
+
+  /* Ada doesn't feature Fortran-like COMMON variables so we shouldn't
+     try to fiddle with DECL_COMMON.  However, on platforms that don't
+     support global BSS sections, uninitialized global variables would
+     go in DATA instead, thus increasing the size of the executable.  */
+  if (!flag_no_common
+      && TREE_CODE (var_decl) == VAR_DECL
+      && TREE_PUBLIC (var_decl)
+      && !have_global_bss_p ())
+    DECL_COMMON (var_decl) = 1;
+
+  /* At the global binding level, we need to allocate static storage for the
+     variable if it isn't external.  Otherwise, we allocate automatic storage
+     unless requested not to.  */
+  TREE_STATIC (var_decl)
+    = !extern_flag && (static_flag || global_bindings_p ());
+
+  /* For an external constant whose initializer is not absolute, do not emit
+     debug info.  In DWARF this would mean a global relocation in a read-only
+     section which runs afoul of the PE-COFF run-time relocation mechanism.  */
+  if (extern_flag
+      && constant_p
+      && var_init
+      && initializer_constant_valid_p (var_init, TREE_TYPE (var_init))
+	   != null_pointer_node)
+    DECL_IGNORED_P (var_decl) = 1;
+
+  if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (var_decl))
+    TREE_ADDRESSABLE (var_decl) = 1;
+
+  /* ??? Some attributes cannot be applied to CONST_DECLs.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (var_decl) == VAR_DECL)
+    process_attributes (&var_decl, &attr_list, true, gnat_node);
+
+  /* Add this decl to the current binding level.  */
+  gnat_pushdecl (var_decl, gnat_node);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (var_decl) == VAR_DECL)
+    {
+      if (asm_name)
+	SET_DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (var_decl, asm_name);
+
+      if (global_bindings_p ())
+	rest_of_decl_compilation (var_decl, true, 0);
+    }
+
+  return var_decl;
+}
+
+/* Return true if TYPE, an aggregate type, contains (or is) an array.  */
+
+static bool
+aggregate_type_contains_array_p (tree type)
+{
+  switch (TREE_CODE (type))
+    {
+    case RECORD_TYPE:
+    case UNION_TYPE:
+    case QUAL_UNION_TYPE:
+      {
+	tree field;
+	for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (type); field; field = DECL_CHAIN (field))
+	  if (AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (field))
+	      && aggregate_type_contains_array_p (TREE_TYPE (field)))
+	    return true;
+	return false;
+      }
+
+    case ARRAY_TYPE:
+      return true;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return a FIELD_DECL node.  FIELD_NAME is the field's name, FIELD_TYPE is
+   its type and RECORD_TYPE is the type of the enclosing record.  If SIZE is
+   nonzero, it is the specified size of the field.  If POS is nonzero, it is
+   the bit position.  PACKED is 1 if the enclosing record is packed, -1 if it
+   has Component_Alignment of Storage_Unit.  If ADDRESSABLE is nonzero, it
+   means we are allowed to take the address of the field; if it is negative,
+   we should not make a bitfield, which is used by make_aligning_type.  */
+
+tree
+create_field_decl (tree field_name, tree field_type, tree record_type,
+                   tree size, tree pos, int packed, int addressable)
+{
+  tree field_decl = build_decl (input_location,
+				FIELD_DECL, field_name, field_type);
+
+  DECL_CONTEXT (field_decl) = record_type;
+  TREE_READONLY (field_decl) = TYPE_READONLY (field_type);
+
+  /* If FIELD_TYPE is BLKmode, we must ensure this is aligned to at least a
+     byte boundary since GCC cannot handle less-aligned BLKmode bitfields.
+     Likewise for an aggregate without specified position that contains an
+     array, because in this case slices of variable length of this array
+     must be handled by GCC and variable-sized objects need to be aligned
+     to at least a byte boundary.  */
+  if (packed && (TYPE_MODE (field_type) == BLKmode
+		 || (!pos
+		     && AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (field_type)
+		     && aggregate_type_contains_array_p (field_type))))
+    DECL_ALIGN (field_decl) = BITS_PER_UNIT;
+
+  /* If a size is specified, use it.  Otherwise, if the record type is packed
+     compute a size to use, which may differ from the object's natural size.
+     We always set a size in this case to trigger the checks for bitfield
+     creation below, which is typically required when no position has been
+     specified.  */
+  if (size)
+    size = convert (bitsizetype, size);
+  else if (packed == 1)
+    {
+      size = rm_size (field_type);
+      if (TYPE_MODE (field_type) == BLKmode)
+	size = round_up (size, BITS_PER_UNIT);
+    }
+
+  /* If we may, according to ADDRESSABLE, make a bitfield if a size is
+     specified for two reasons: first if the size differs from the natural
+     size.  Second, if the alignment is insufficient.  There are a number of
+     ways the latter can be true.
+
+     We never make a bitfield if the type of the field has a nonconstant size,
+     because no such entity requiring bitfield operations should reach here.
+
+     We do *preventively* make a bitfield when there might be the need for it
+     but we don't have all the necessary information to decide, as is the case
+     of a field with no specified position in a packed record.
+
+     We also don't look at STRICT_ALIGNMENT here, and rely on later processing
+     in layout_decl or finish_record_type to clear the bit_field indication if
+     it is in fact not needed.  */
+  if (addressable >= 0
+      && size
+      && TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST
+      && TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (field_type)) == INTEGER_CST
+      && (!tree_int_cst_equal (size, TYPE_SIZE (field_type))
+	  || (pos && !value_factor_p (pos, TYPE_ALIGN (field_type)))
+	  || packed
+	  || (TYPE_ALIGN (record_type) != 0
+	      && TYPE_ALIGN (record_type) < TYPE_ALIGN (field_type))))
+    {
+      DECL_BIT_FIELD (field_decl) = 1;
+      DECL_SIZE (field_decl) = size;
+      if (!packed && !pos)
+	{
+	  if (TYPE_ALIGN (record_type) != 0
+	      && TYPE_ALIGN (record_type) < TYPE_ALIGN (field_type))
+	    DECL_ALIGN (field_decl) = TYPE_ALIGN (record_type);
+	  else
+	    DECL_ALIGN (field_decl) = TYPE_ALIGN (field_type);
+	}
+    }
+
+  DECL_PACKED (field_decl) = pos ? DECL_BIT_FIELD (field_decl) : packed;
+
+  /* Bump the alignment if need be, either for bitfield/packing purposes or
+     to satisfy the type requirements if no such consideration applies.  When
+     we get the alignment from the type, indicate if this is from an explicit
+     user request, which prevents stor-layout from lowering it later on.  */
+  {
+    unsigned int bit_align
+      = (DECL_BIT_FIELD (field_decl) ? 1
+	 : packed && TYPE_MODE (field_type) != BLKmode ? BITS_PER_UNIT : 0);
+
+    if (bit_align > DECL_ALIGN (field_decl))
+      DECL_ALIGN (field_decl) = bit_align;
+    else if (!bit_align && TYPE_ALIGN (field_type) > DECL_ALIGN (field_decl))
+      {
+	DECL_ALIGN (field_decl) = TYPE_ALIGN (field_type);
+	DECL_USER_ALIGN (field_decl) = TYPE_USER_ALIGN (field_type);
+      }
+  }
+
+  if (pos)
+    {
+      /* We need to pass in the alignment the DECL is known to have.
+	 This is the lowest-order bit set in POS, but no more than
+	 the alignment of the record, if one is specified.  Note
+	 that an alignment of 0 is taken as infinite.  */
+      unsigned int known_align;
+
+      if (tree_fits_uhwi_p (pos))
+	known_align = tree_to_uhwi (pos) & - tree_to_uhwi (pos);
+      else
+	known_align = BITS_PER_UNIT;
+
+      if (TYPE_ALIGN (record_type)
+	  && (known_align == 0 || known_align > TYPE_ALIGN (record_type)))
+	known_align = TYPE_ALIGN (record_type);
+
+      layout_decl (field_decl, known_align);
+      SET_DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN (field_decl,
+			     tree_fits_uhwi_p (pos) ? BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT
+			     : BITS_PER_UNIT);
+      pos_from_bit (&DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (field_decl),
+		    &DECL_FIELD_BIT_OFFSET (field_decl),
+		    DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN (field_decl), pos);
+    }
+
+  /* In addition to what our caller says, claim the field is addressable if we
+     know that its type is not suitable.
+
+     The field may also be "technically" nonaddressable, meaning that even if
+     we attempt to take the field's address we will actually get the address
+     of a copy.  This is the case for true bitfields, but the DECL_BIT_FIELD
+     value we have at this point is not accurate enough, so we don't account
+     for this here and let finish_record_type decide.  */
+  if (!addressable && !type_for_nonaliased_component_p (field_type))
+    addressable = 1;
+
+  DECL_NONADDRESSABLE_P (field_decl) = !addressable;
+
+  return field_decl;
+}
+
+/* Return a PARM_DECL node.  PARAM_NAME is the name of the parameter and
+   PARAM_TYPE is its type.  READONLY is true if the parameter is readonly
+   (either an In parameter or an address of a pass-by-ref parameter).  */
+
+tree
+create_param_decl (tree param_name, tree param_type, bool readonly)
+{
+  tree param_decl = build_decl (input_location,
+				PARM_DECL, param_name, param_type);
+
+  /* Honor TARGET_PROMOTE_PROTOTYPES like the C compiler, as not doing so
+     can lead to various ABI violations.  */
+  if (targetm.calls.promote_prototypes (NULL_TREE)
+      && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (param_type)
+      && TYPE_PRECISION (param_type) < TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node))
+    {
+      /* We have to be careful about biased types here.  Make a subtype
+	 of integer_type_node with the proper biasing.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (param_type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (param_type))
+	{
+	  tree subtype
+	    = make_unsigned_type (TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node));
+	  TREE_TYPE (subtype) = integer_type_node;
+	  TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (subtype) = 1;
+	  SET_TYPE_RM_MIN_VALUE (subtype, TYPE_MIN_VALUE (param_type));
+	  SET_TYPE_RM_MAX_VALUE (subtype, TYPE_MAX_VALUE (param_type));
+	  param_type = subtype;
+	}
+      else
+	param_type = integer_type_node;
+    }
+
+  DECL_ARG_TYPE (param_decl) = param_type;
+  TREE_READONLY (param_decl) = readonly;
+  return param_decl;
+}
+
+/* Process the attributes in ATTR_LIST for NODE, which is either a DECL or
+   a TYPE.  If IN_PLACE is true, the tree pointed to by NODE should not be
+   changed.  GNAT_NODE is used for the position of error messages.  */
+
+void
+process_attributes (tree *node, struct attrib **attr_list, bool in_place,
+		    Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  struct attrib *attr;
+
+  for (attr = *attr_list; attr; attr = attr->next)
+    switch (attr->type)
+      {
+      case ATTR_MACHINE_ATTRIBUTE:
+	Sloc_to_locus (Sloc (gnat_node), &input_location);
+	decl_attributes (node, tree_cons (attr->name, attr->args, NULL_TREE),
+			 in_place ? ATTR_FLAG_TYPE_IN_PLACE : 0);
+	break;
+
+      case ATTR_LINK_ALIAS:
+        if (!DECL_EXTERNAL (*node))
+	  {
+	    TREE_STATIC (*node) = 1;
+	    assemble_alias (*node, attr->name);
+	  }
+	break;
+
+      case ATTR_WEAK_EXTERNAL:
+	if (SUPPORTS_WEAK)
+	  declare_weak (*node);
+	else
+	  post_error ("?weak declarations not supported on this target",
+		      attr->error_point);
+	break;
+
+      case ATTR_LINK_SECTION:
+	if (targetm_common.have_named_sections)
+	  {
+	    DECL_SECTION_NAME (*node)
+	      = build_string (IDENTIFIER_LENGTH (attr->name),
+			      IDENTIFIER_POINTER (attr->name));
+	    DECL_COMMON (*node) = 0;
+	  }
+	else
+	  post_error ("?section attributes are not supported for this target",
+		      attr->error_point);
+	break;
+
+      case ATTR_LINK_CONSTRUCTOR:
+	DECL_STATIC_CONSTRUCTOR (*node) = 1;
+	TREE_USED (*node) = 1;
+	break;
+
+      case ATTR_LINK_DESTRUCTOR:
+	DECL_STATIC_DESTRUCTOR (*node) = 1;
+	TREE_USED (*node) = 1;
+	break;
+
+      case ATTR_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE:
+	DECL_TLS_MODEL (*node) = decl_default_tls_model (*node);
+	DECL_COMMON (*node) = 0;
+	break;
+      }
+
+  *attr_list = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Record DECL as a global renaming pointer.  */
+
+void
+record_global_renaming_pointer (tree decl)
+{
+  gcc_assert (!DECL_LOOP_PARM_P (decl) && DECL_RENAMED_OBJECT (decl));
+  vec_safe_push (global_renaming_pointers, decl);
+}
+
+/* Invalidate the global renaming pointers.   */
+
+void
+invalidate_global_renaming_pointers (void)
+{
+  unsigned int i;
+  tree iter;
+
+  if (global_renaming_pointers == NULL)
+    return;
+
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (*global_renaming_pointers, i, iter)
+    SET_DECL_RENAMED_OBJECT (iter, NULL_TREE);
+
+  vec_free (global_renaming_pointers);
+}
+
+/* Return true if VALUE is a known to be a multiple of FACTOR, which must be
+   a power of 2. */
+
+bool
+value_factor_p (tree value, HOST_WIDE_INT factor)
+{
+  if (tree_fits_uhwi_p (value))
+    return tree_to_uhwi (value) % factor == 0;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (value) == MULT_EXPR)
+    return (value_factor_p (TREE_OPERAND (value, 0), factor)
+            || value_factor_p (TREE_OPERAND (value, 1), factor));
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return VALUE scaled by the biggest power-of-2 factor of EXPR.  */
+
+static unsigned int
+scale_by_factor_of (tree expr, unsigned int value)
+{
+  expr = remove_conversions (expr, true);
+
+  /* An expression which is a bitwise AND with a mask has a power-of-2 factor
+     corresponding to the number of trailing zeros of the mask.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == BIT_AND_EXPR
+      && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1)) == INTEGER_CST)
+    {
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mask = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1));
+      unsigned int i = 0;
+
+      while ((mask & 1) == 0 && i < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
+	{
+	  mask >>= 1;
+	  value *= 2;
+	  i++;
+	}
+    }
+
+  return value;
+}
+
+/* Given two consecutive field decls PREV_FIELD and CURR_FIELD, return true
+   unless we can prove these 2 fields are laid out in such a way that no gap
+   exist between the end of PREV_FIELD and the beginning of CURR_FIELD.  OFFSET
+   is the distance in bits between the end of PREV_FIELD and the starting
+   position of CURR_FIELD. It is ignored if null. */
+
+static bool
+potential_alignment_gap (tree prev_field, tree curr_field, tree offset)
+{
+  /* If this is the first field of the record, there cannot be any gap */
+  if (!prev_field)
+    return false;
+
+  /* If the previous field is a union type, then return false: The only
+     time when such a field is not the last field of the record is when
+     there are other components at fixed positions after it (meaning there
+     was a rep clause for every field), in which case we don't want the
+     alignment constraint to override them. */
+  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (prev_field)) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
+    return false;
+
+  /* If the distance between the end of prev_field and the beginning of
+     curr_field is constant, then there is a gap if the value of this
+     constant is not null. */
+  if (offset && tree_fits_uhwi_p (offset))
+    return !integer_zerop (offset);
+
+  /* If the size and position of the previous field are constant,
+     then check the sum of this size and position. There will be a gap
+     iff it is not multiple of the current field alignment. */
+  if (tree_fits_uhwi_p (DECL_SIZE (prev_field))
+      && tree_fits_uhwi_p (bit_position (prev_field)))
+    return ((tree_to_uhwi (bit_position (prev_field))
+	     + tree_to_uhwi (DECL_SIZE (prev_field)))
+	    % DECL_ALIGN (curr_field) != 0);
+
+  /* If both the position and size of the previous field are multiples
+     of the current field alignment, there cannot be any gap. */
+  if (value_factor_p (bit_position (prev_field), DECL_ALIGN (curr_field))
+      && value_factor_p (DECL_SIZE (prev_field), DECL_ALIGN (curr_field)))
+    return false;
+
+  /* Fallback, return that there may be a potential gap */
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Return a LABEL_DECL with LABEL_NAME.  GNAT_NODE is used for the position
+   of the decl.  */
+
+tree
+create_label_decl (tree label_name, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree label_decl
+    = build_decl (input_location, LABEL_DECL, label_name, void_type_node);
+
+  DECL_MODE (label_decl) = VOIDmode;
+
+  /* Add this decl to the current binding level.  */
+  gnat_pushdecl (label_decl, gnat_node);
+
+  return label_decl;
+}
+
+/* Return a FUNCTION_DECL node.  SUBPROG_NAME is the name of the subprogram,
+   ASM_NAME is its assembler name, SUBPROG_TYPE is its type (a FUNCTION_TYPE
+   node), PARAM_DECL_LIST is the list of the subprogram arguments (a list of
+   PARM_DECL nodes chained through the DECL_CHAIN field).
+
+   INLINE_STATUS, PUBLIC_FLAG, EXTERN_FLAG, ARTIFICIAL_FLAG and ATTR_LIST are
+   used to set the appropriate fields in the FUNCTION_DECL.  GNAT_NODE is
+   used for the position of the decl.  */
+
+tree
+create_subprog_decl (tree subprog_name, tree asm_name, tree subprog_type,
+ 		     tree param_decl_list, enum inline_status_t inline_status,
+		     bool public_flag, bool extern_flag, bool artificial_flag,
+		     struct attrib *attr_list, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree subprog_decl = build_decl (input_location, FUNCTION_DECL, subprog_name,
+				  subprog_type);
+  tree result_decl = build_decl (input_location, RESULT_DECL, NULL_TREE,
+				 TREE_TYPE (subprog_type));
+  DECL_ARGUMENTS (subprog_decl) = param_decl_list;
+
+  /* If this is a non-inline function nested inside an inlined external
+     function, we cannot honor both requests without cloning the nested
+     function in the current unit since it is private to the other unit.
+     We could inline the nested function as well but it's probably better
+     to err on the side of too little inlining.  */
+  if (inline_status != is_enabled
+      && !public_flag
+      && current_function_decl
+      && DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (current_function_decl)
+      && DECL_EXTERNAL (current_function_decl))
+    DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (current_function_decl) = 0;
+
+  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (subprog_decl) = artificial_flag;
+  DECL_EXTERNAL (subprog_decl) = extern_flag;
+
+  switch (inline_status)
+    {
+    case is_suppressed:
+      DECL_UNINLINABLE (subprog_decl) = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case is_disabled:
+      break;
+
+    case is_enabled:
+      DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (subprog_decl) = 1;
+      DECL_NO_INLINE_WARNING_P (subprog_decl) = artificial_flag;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  TREE_PUBLIC (subprog_decl) = public_flag;
+  TREE_READONLY (subprog_decl) = TYPE_READONLY (subprog_type);
+  TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (subprog_decl) = TYPE_VOLATILE (subprog_type);
+  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (subprog_decl) = TYPE_VOLATILE (subprog_type);
+
+  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (result_decl) = 1;
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (result_decl) = 1;
+  DECL_BY_REFERENCE (result_decl) = TREE_ADDRESSABLE (subprog_type);
+  DECL_RESULT (subprog_decl) = result_decl;
+
+  if (asm_name)
+    {
+      SET_DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (subprog_decl, asm_name);
+
+      /* The expand_main_function circuitry expects "main_identifier_node" to
+	 designate the DECL_NAME of the 'main' entry point, in turn expected
+	 to be declared as the "main" function literally by default.  Ada
+	 program entry points are typically declared with a different name
+	 within the binder generated file, exported as 'main' to satisfy the
+	 system expectations.  Force main_identifier_node in this case.  */
+      if (asm_name == main_identifier_node)
+	DECL_NAME (subprog_decl) = main_identifier_node;
+    }
+
+  process_attributes (&subprog_decl, &attr_list, true, gnat_node);
+
+  /* Add this decl to the current binding level.  */
+  gnat_pushdecl (subprog_decl, gnat_node);
+
+  /* Output the assembler code and/or RTL for the declaration.  */
+  rest_of_decl_compilation (subprog_decl, global_bindings_p (), 0);
+
+  return subprog_decl;
+}
+
+/* Set up the framework for generating code for SUBPROG_DECL, a subprogram
+   body.  This routine needs to be invoked before processing the declarations
+   appearing in the subprogram.  */
+
+void
+begin_subprog_body (tree subprog_decl)
+{
+  tree param_decl;
+
+  announce_function (subprog_decl);
+
+  /* This function is being defined.  */
+  TREE_STATIC (subprog_decl) = 1;
+
+  current_function_decl = subprog_decl;
+
+  /* Enter a new binding level and show that all the parameters belong to
+     this function.  */
+  gnat_pushlevel ();
+
+  for (param_decl = DECL_ARGUMENTS (subprog_decl); param_decl;
+       param_decl = DECL_CHAIN (param_decl))
+    DECL_CONTEXT (param_decl) = subprog_decl;
+
+  make_decl_rtl (subprog_decl);
+}
+
+/* Finish translating the current subprogram and set its BODY.  */
+
+void
+end_subprog_body (tree body)
+{
+  tree fndecl = current_function_decl;
+
+  /* Attach the BLOCK for this level to the function and pop the level.  */
+  BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (current_binding_level->block) = fndecl;
+  DECL_INITIAL (fndecl) = current_binding_level->block;
+  gnat_poplevel ();
+
+  /* Mark the RESULT_DECL as being in this subprogram. */
+  DECL_CONTEXT (DECL_RESULT (fndecl)) = fndecl;
+
+  /* The body should be a BIND_EXPR whose BLOCK is the top-level one.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (body) == BIND_EXPR)
+    {
+      BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (BIND_EXPR_BLOCK (body)) = fndecl;
+      DECL_INITIAL (fndecl) = BIND_EXPR_BLOCK (body);
+    }
+
+  DECL_SAVED_TREE (fndecl) = body;
+
+  current_function_decl = decl_function_context (fndecl);
+}
+
+/* Wrap up compilation of SUBPROG_DECL, a subprogram body.  */
+
+void
+rest_of_subprog_body_compilation (tree subprog_decl)
+{
+  /* We cannot track the location of errors past this point.  */
+  error_gnat_node = Empty;
+
+  /* If we're only annotating types, don't actually compile this function.  */
+  if (type_annotate_only)
+    return;
+
+  /* Dump functions before gimplification.  */
+  dump_function (TDI_original, subprog_decl);
+
+  if (!decl_function_context (subprog_decl))
+    cgraph_finalize_function (subprog_decl, false);
+  else
+    /* Register this function with cgraph just far enough to get it
+       added to our parent's nested function list.  */
+    (void) cgraph_get_create_node (subprog_decl);
+}
+
+tree
+gnat_builtin_function (tree decl)
+{
+  gnat_pushdecl (decl, Empty);
+  return decl;
+}
+
+/* Return an integer type with the number of bits of precision given by
+   PRECISION.  UNSIGNEDP is nonzero if the type is unsigned; otherwise
+   it is a signed type.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_type_for_size (unsigned precision, int unsignedp)
+{
+  tree t;
+  char type_name[20];
+
+  if (precision <= 2 * MAX_BITS_PER_WORD
+      && signed_and_unsigned_types[precision][unsignedp])
+    return signed_and_unsigned_types[precision][unsignedp];
+
+ if (unsignedp)
+    t = make_unsigned_type (precision);
+  else
+    t = make_signed_type (precision);
+
+  if (precision <= 2 * MAX_BITS_PER_WORD)
+    signed_and_unsigned_types[precision][unsignedp] = t;
+
+  if (!TYPE_NAME (t))
+    {
+      sprintf (type_name, "%sSIGNED_%u", unsignedp ? "UN" : "", precision);
+      TYPE_NAME (t) = get_identifier (type_name);
+    }
+
+  return t;
+}
+
+/* Likewise for floating-point types.  */
+
+static tree
+float_type_for_precision (int precision, enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  tree t;
+  char type_name[20];
+
+  if (float_types[(int) mode])
+    return float_types[(int) mode];
+
+  float_types[(int) mode] = t = make_node (REAL_TYPE);
+  TYPE_PRECISION (t) = precision;
+  layout_type (t);
+
+  gcc_assert (TYPE_MODE (t) == mode);
+  if (!TYPE_NAME (t))
+    {
+      sprintf (type_name, "FLOAT_%d", precision);
+      TYPE_NAME (t) = get_identifier (type_name);
+    }
+
+  return t;
+}
+
+/* Return a data type that has machine mode MODE.  UNSIGNEDP selects
+   an unsigned type; otherwise a signed type is returned.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_type_for_mode (enum machine_mode mode, int unsignedp)
+{
+  if (mode == BLKmode)
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  if (mode == VOIDmode)
+    return void_type_node;
+
+  if (COMPLEX_MODE_P (mode))
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  if (SCALAR_FLOAT_MODE_P (mode))
+    return float_type_for_precision (GET_MODE_PRECISION (mode), mode);
+
+  if (SCALAR_INT_MODE_P (mode))
+    return gnat_type_for_size (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode), unsignedp);
+
+  if (VECTOR_MODE_P (mode))
+    {
+      enum machine_mode inner_mode = GET_MODE_INNER (mode);
+      tree inner_type = gnat_type_for_mode (inner_mode, unsignedp);
+      if (inner_type)
+	return build_vector_type_for_mode (inner_type, mode);
+    }
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Return the unsigned version of a TYPE_NODE, a scalar type.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_unsigned_type (tree type_node)
+{
+  tree type = gnat_type_for_size (TYPE_PRECISION (type_node), 1);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (type_node) == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_MODULAR_P (type_node))
+    {
+      type = copy_node (type);
+      TREE_TYPE (type) = type_node;
+    }
+  else if (TREE_TYPE (type_node)
+	   && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type_node)) == INTEGER_TYPE
+	   && TYPE_MODULAR_P (TREE_TYPE (type_node)))
+    {
+      type = copy_node (type);
+      TREE_TYPE (type) = TREE_TYPE (type_node);
+    }
+
+  return type;
+}
+
+/* Return the signed version of a TYPE_NODE, a scalar type.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_signed_type (tree type_node)
+{
+  tree type = gnat_type_for_size (TYPE_PRECISION (type_node), 0);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (type_node) == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_MODULAR_P (type_node))
+    {
+      type = copy_node (type);
+      TREE_TYPE (type) = type_node;
+    }
+  else if (TREE_TYPE (type_node)
+	   && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type_node)) == INTEGER_TYPE
+	   && TYPE_MODULAR_P (TREE_TYPE (type_node)))
+    {
+      type = copy_node (type);
+      TREE_TYPE (type) = TREE_TYPE (type_node);
+    }
+
+  return type;
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if the types T1 and T2 are compatible, i.e. if they can be
+   transparently converted to each other.  */
+
+int
+gnat_types_compatible_p (tree t1, tree t2)
+{
+  enum tree_code code;
+
+  /* This is the default criterion.  */
+  if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1) == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2))
+    return 1;
+
+  /* We only check structural equivalence here.  */
+  if ((code = TREE_CODE (t1)) != TREE_CODE (t2))
+    return 0;
+
+  /* Vector types are also compatible if they have the same number of subparts
+     and the same form of (scalar) element type.  */
+  if (code == VECTOR_TYPE
+      && TYPE_VECTOR_SUBPARTS (t1) == TYPE_VECTOR_SUBPARTS (t2)
+      && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t1)) == TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t2))
+      && TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (t1)) == TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (t2)))
+    return 1;
+
+  /* Array types are also compatible if they are constrained and have the same
+     domain(s) and the same component type.  */
+  if (code == ARRAY_TYPE
+      && (TYPE_DOMAIN (t1) == TYPE_DOMAIN (t2)
+	  || (TYPE_DOMAIN (t1)
+	      && TYPE_DOMAIN (t2)
+	      && tree_int_cst_equal (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t1)),
+				     TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t2)))
+	      && tree_int_cst_equal (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t1)),
+				     TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t2)))))
+      && (TREE_TYPE (t1) == TREE_TYPE (t2)
+	  || (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t1)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	      && gnat_types_compatible_p (TREE_TYPE (t1), TREE_TYPE (t2)))))
+    return 1;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Return true if EXPR is a useless type conversion.  */
+
+bool
+gnat_useless_type_conversion (tree expr)
+{
+  if (CONVERT_EXPR_P (expr)
+      || TREE_CODE (expr) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR
+      || TREE_CODE (expr) == NON_LVALUE_EXPR)
+    return gnat_types_compatible_p (TREE_TYPE (expr),
+				    TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0)));
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return true if T, a FUNCTION_TYPE, has the specified list of flags.  */
+
+bool
+fntype_same_flags_p (const_tree t, tree cico_list, bool return_unconstrained_p,
+		     bool return_by_direct_ref_p, bool return_by_invisi_ref_p)
+{
+  return TYPE_CI_CO_LIST (t) == cico_list
+	 && TYPE_RETURN_UNCONSTRAINED_P (t) == return_unconstrained_p
+	 && TYPE_RETURN_BY_DIRECT_REF_P (t) == return_by_direct_ref_p
+	 && TREE_ADDRESSABLE (t) == return_by_invisi_ref_p;
+}
+
+/* EXP is an expression for the size of an object.  If this size contains
+   discriminant references, replace them with the maximum (if MAX_P) or
+   minimum (if !MAX_P) possible value of the discriminant.  */
+
+tree
+max_size (tree exp, bool max_p)
+{
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (exp);
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE_CLASS (code))
+    {
+    case tcc_declaration:
+    case tcc_constant:
+      return exp;
+
+    case tcc_vl_exp:
+      if (code == CALL_EXPR)
+	{
+	  tree t, *argarray;
+	  int n, i;
+
+	  t = maybe_inline_call_in_expr (exp);
+	  if (t)
+	    return max_size (t, max_p);
+
+	  n = call_expr_nargs (exp);
+	  gcc_assert (n > 0);
+	  argarray = XALLOCAVEC (tree, n);
+	  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+	    argarray[i] = max_size (CALL_EXPR_ARG (exp, i), max_p);
+	  return build_call_array (type, CALL_EXPR_FN (exp), n, argarray);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case tcc_reference:
+      /* If this contains a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, it is the thing we want to
+	 modify.  Otherwise, we treat it like a variable.  */
+      if (!CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (exp))
+	return exp;
+
+      type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1));
+      return
+	max_size (max_p ? TYPE_MAX_VALUE (type) : TYPE_MIN_VALUE (type), true);
+
+    case tcc_comparison:
+      return max_p ? size_one_node : size_zero_node;
+
+    case tcc_unary:
+      if (code == NON_LVALUE_EXPR)
+	return max_size (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0), max_p);
+
+      return fold_build1 (code, type,
+			  max_size (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0),
+				    code == NEGATE_EXPR ? !max_p : max_p));
+
+    case tcc_binary:
+      {
+	tree lhs = max_size (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0), max_p);
+	tree rhs = max_size (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1),
+			     code == MINUS_EXPR ? !max_p : max_p);
+
+	/* Special-case wanting the maximum value of a MIN_EXPR.
+	   In that case, if one side overflows, return the other.  */
+	if (max_p && code == MIN_EXPR)
+	  {
+	    if (TREE_CODE (rhs) == INTEGER_CST && TREE_OVERFLOW (rhs))
+	      return lhs;
+
+	    if (TREE_CODE (lhs) == INTEGER_CST && TREE_OVERFLOW (lhs))
+	      return rhs;
+	  }
+
+	/* Likewise, handle a MINUS_EXPR or PLUS_EXPR with the LHS
+	   overflowing and the RHS a variable.  */
+	if ((code == MINUS_EXPR || code == PLUS_EXPR)
+	    && TREE_CODE (lhs) == INTEGER_CST
+	    && TREE_OVERFLOW (lhs)
+	    && !TREE_CONSTANT (rhs))
+	  return lhs;
+
+	return size_binop (code, lhs, rhs);
+      }
+
+    case tcc_expression:
+      switch (TREE_CODE_LENGTH (code))
+	{
+	case 1:
+	  if (code == SAVE_EXPR)
+	    return exp;
+
+	  return fold_build1 (code, type,
+			      max_size (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0), max_p));
+
+	case 2:
+	  if (code == COMPOUND_EXPR)
+	    return max_size (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1), max_p);
+
+	  return fold_build2 (code, type,
+			      max_size (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0), max_p),
+			      max_size (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1), max_p));
+
+	case 3:
+	  if (code == COND_EXPR)
+	    return fold_build2 (max_p ? MAX_EXPR : MIN_EXPR, type,
+				max_size (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1), max_p),
+				max_size (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 2), max_p));
+
+	default:
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* Other tree classes cannot happen.  */
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  gcc_unreachable ();
+}
+
+/* Build a template of type TEMPLATE_TYPE from the array bounds of ARRAY_TYPE.
+   EXPR is an expression that we can use to locate any PLACEHOLDER_EXPRs.
+   Return a constructor for the template.  */
+
+tree
+build_template (tree template_type, tree array_type, tree expr)
+{
+  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *template_elts = NULL;
+  tree bound_list = NULL_TREE;
+  tree field;
+
+  while (TREE_CODE (array_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	 && (TYPE_PADDING_P (array_type)
+	     || TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (array_type)))
+    array_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (array_type));
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (array_type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+      || (TREE_CODE (array_type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_HAS_ACTUAL_BOUNDS_P (array_type)))
+    bound_list = TYPE_ACTUAL_BOUNDS (array_type);
+
+  /* First make the list for a CONSTRUCTOR for the template.  Go down the
+     field list of the template instead of the type chain because this
+     array might be an Ada array of arrays and we can't tell where the
+     nested arrays stop being the underlying object.  */
+
+  for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (template_type); field;
+       (bound_list
+	? (bound_list = TREE_CHAIN (bound_list))
+	: (array_type = TREE_TYPE (array_type))),
+       field = DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (field)))
+    {
+      tree bounds, min, max;
+
+      /* If we have a bound list, get the bounds from there.  Likewise
+	 for an ARRAY_TYPE.  Otherwise, if expr is a PARM_DECL with
+	 DECL_BY_COMPONENT_PTR_P, use the bounds of the field in the template.
+	 This will give us a maximum range.  */
+      if (bound_list)
+	bounds = TREE_VALUE (bound_list);
+      else if (TREE_CODE (array_type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+	bounds = TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (array_type));
+      else if (expr && TREE_CODE (expr) == PARM_DECL
+	       && DECL_BY_COMPONENT_PTR_P (expr))
+	bounds = TREE_TYPE (field);
+      else
+	gcc_unreachable ();
+
+      min = convert (TREE_TYPE (field), TYPE_MIN_VALUE (bounds));
+      max = convert (TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (field)), TYPE_MAX_VALUE (bounds));
+
+      /* If either MIN or MAX involve a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, we must
+	 substitute it from OBJECT.  */
+      min = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (min, expr);
+      max = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (max, expr);
+
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (template_elts, field, min);
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (template_elts, DECL_CHAIN (field), max);
+    }
+
+  return gnat_build_constructor (template_type, template_elts);
+}
+
+/* Helper routine to make a descriptor field.  FIELD_LIST is the list of decls
+   being built; the new decl is chained on to the front of the list.  */
+
+static tree
+make_descriptor_field (const char *name, tree type, tree rec_type,
+		       tree initial, tree field_list)
+{
+  tree field
+    = create_field_decl (get_identifier (name), type, rec_type, NULL_TREE,
+			 NULL_TREE, 0, 0);
+
+  DECL_INITIAL (field) = initial;
+  DECL_CHAIN (field) = field_list;
+  return field;
+}
+
+/* Build a 32-bit VMS descriptor from a Mechanism_Type, which must specify a
+   descriptor type, and the GCC type of an object.  Each FIELD_DECL in the
+   type contains in its DECL_INITIAL the expression to use when a constructor
+   is made for the type.  GNAT_ENTITY is an entity used to print out an error
+   message if the mechanism cannot be applied to an object of that type and
+   also for the name.  */
+
+tree
+build_vms_descriptor32 (tree type, Mechanism_Type mech, Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  tree record_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+  tree pointer32_type, pointer64_type;
+  tree field_list = NULL_TREE;
+  int klass, ndim, i, dtype = 0;
+  tree inner_type, tem;
+  tree *idx_arr;
+
+  /* If TYPE is an unconstrained array, use the underlying array type.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+    type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (type))));
+
+  /* If this is an array, compute the number of dimensions in the array,
+     get the index types, and point to the inner type.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (type) != ARRAY_TYPE)
+    ndim = 0;
+  else
+    for (ndim = 1, inner_type = type;
+	 TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (inner_type)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	 && TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (TREE_TYPE (inner_type));
+	 ndim++, inner_type = TREE_TYPE (inner_type))
+      ;
+
+  idx_arr = XALLOCAVEC (tree, ndim);
+
+  if (mech != By_Descriptor_NCA && mech != By_Short_Descriptor_NCA
+      && TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE && TYPE_CONVENTION_FORTRAN_P (type))
+    for (i = ndim - 1, inner_type = type;
+	 i >= 0;
+	 i--, inner_type = TREE_TYPE (inner_type))
+      idx_arr[i] = TYPE_DOMAIN (inner_type);
+  else
+    for (i = 0, inner_type = type;
+	 i < ndim;
+	 i++, inner_type = TREE_TYPE (inner_type))
+      idx_arr[i] = TYPE_DOMAIN (inner_type);
+
+  /* Now get the DTYPE value.  */
+  switch (TREE_CODE (type))
+    {
+    case INTEGER_TYPE:
+    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
+    case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
+      if (TYPE_VAX_FLOATING_POINT_P (type))
+	switch (tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_DIGITS_VALUE (type)))
+	  {
+	  case 6:
+	    dtype = 10;
+	    break;
+	  case 9:
+	    dtype = 11;
+	    break;
+	  case 15:
+	    dtype = 27;
+	    break;
+	  }
+      else
+	switch (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (TYPE_MODE (type)))
+	  {
+	  case 8:
+	    dtype = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) ? 2 : 6;
+	    break;
+	  case 16:
+	    dtype = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) ? 3 : 7;
+	    break;
+	  case 32:
+	    dtype = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) ? 4 : 8;
+	    break;
+	  case 64:
+	    dtype = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) ? 5 : 9;
+	    break;
+	  case 128:
+	    dtype = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) ? 25 : 26;
+	    break;
+	  }
+      break;
+
+    case REAL_TYPE:
+      dtype = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (TYPE_MODE (type)) == 32 ? 52 : 53;
+      break;
+
+    case COMPLEX_TYPE:
+      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type)) == INTEGER_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_VAX_FLOATING_POINT_P (type))
+	switch (tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_DIGITS_VALUE (type)))
+	  {
+	  case 6:
+	    dtype = 12;
+	    break;
+	  case 9:
+	    dtype = 13;
+	    break;
+	  case 15:
+	    dtype = 29;
+	  }
+      else
+	dtype = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE (type))) == 32 ? 54: 55;
+      break;
+
+    case ARRAY_TYPE:
+      dtype = 14;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  /* Get the CLASS value.  */
+  switch (mech)
+    {
+    case By_Descriptor_A:
+    case By_Short_Descriptor_A:
+      klass = 4;
+      break;
+    case By_Descriptor_NCA:
+    case By_Short_Descriptor_NCA:
+      klass = 10;
+      break;
+    case By_Descriptor_SB:
+    case By_Short_Descriptor_SB:
+      klass = 15;
+      break;
+    case By_Descriptor:
+    case By_Short_Descriptor:
+    case By_Descriptor_S:
+    case By_Short_Descriptor_S:
+    default:
+      klass = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+
+  /* Make the type for a descriptor for VMS.  The first four fields are the
+     same for all types.  */
+  field_list
+    = make_descriptor_field ("LENGTH", gnat_type_for_size (16, 1), record_type,
+			     size_in_bytes ((mech == By_Descriptor_A
+					     || mech == By_Short_Descriptor_A)
+					    ? inner_type : type),
+			     field_list);
+  field_list
+    = make_descriptor_field ("DTYPE", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1), record_type,
+			     size_int (dtype), field_list);
+  field_list
+    = make_descriptor_field ("CLASS", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1), record_type,
+			     size_int (klass), field_list);
+
+  pointer32_type = build_pointer_type_for_mode (type, SImode, false);
+  pointer64_type = build_pointer_type_for_mode (type, DImode, false);
+
+  /* Ensure that only 32-bit pointers are passed in 32-bit descriptors.  Note
+     that we cannot build a template call to the CE routine as it would get a
+     wrong source location; instead we use a second placeholder for it.  */
+  tem = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, pointer64_type,
+			build0 (PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, type));
+  tem = build3 (COND_EXPR, pointer32_type,
+		Pmode != SImode
+		? build_binary_op (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node, tem,
+				   build_int_cstu (pointer64_type, 0x80000000))
+		: boolean_false_node,
+		build0 (PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, void_type_node),
+		convert (pointer32_type, tem));
+
+  field_list
+    = make_descriptor_field ("POINTER", pointer32_type, record_type, tem,
+			     field_list);
+
+  switch (mech)
+    {
+    case By_Descriptor:
+    case By_Short_Descriptor:
+    case By_Descriptor_S:
+    case By_Short_Descriptor_S:
+      break;
+
+    case By_Descriptor_SB:
+    case By_Short_Descriptor_SB:
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("SB_L1", gnat_type_for_size (32, 1),
+			         record_type,
+			         (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+				  ? TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (type))
+				  : size_zero_node),
+				 field_list);
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("SB_U1", gnat_type_for_size (32, 1),
+				 record_type,
+				 (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+				  ? TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (type))
+				  : size_zero_node),
+				 field_list);
+      break;
+
+    case By_Descriptor_A:
+    case By_Short_Descriptor_A:
+    case By_Descriptor_NCA:
+    case By_Short_Descriptor_NCA:
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("SCALE", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1),
+				 record_type, size_zero_node, field_list);
+
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("DIGITS", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1),
+				 record_type, size_zero_node, field_list);
+
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("AFLAGS", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1),
+				 record_type,
+				 size_int ((mech == By_Descriptor_NCA
+					    || mech == By_Short_Descriptor_NCA)
+					   ? 0
+					   /* Set FL_COLUMN, FL_COEFF, and
+					      FL_BOUNDS.  */
+					   : (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+					      && TYPE_CONVENTION_FORTRAN_P
+						 (type)
+					     ? 224 : 192)),
+				 field_list);
+
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("DIMCT", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1),
+				 record_type, size_int (ndim), field_list);
+
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("ARSIZE", gnat_type_for_size (32, 1),
+				 record_type, size_in_bytes (type),
+				 field_list);
+
+      /* Now build a pointer to the 0,0,0... element.  */
+      tem = build0 (PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, type);
+      for (i = 0, inner_type = type; i < ndim;
+	   i++, inner_type = TREE_TYPE (inner_type))
+	tem = build4 (ARRAY_REF, TREE_TYPE (inner_type), tem,
+		      convert (TYPE_DOMAIN (inner_type), size_zero_node),
+		      NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
+
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("A0", pointer32_type, record_type,
+				 build1 (ADDR_EXPR, pointer32_type, tem),
+				 field_list);
+
+      /* Next come the addressing coefficients.  */
+      tem = size_one_node;
+      for (i = 0; i < ndim; i++)
+	{
+	  char fname[3];
+	  tree idx_length
+	    = size_binop (MULT_EXPR, tem,
+			  size_binop (PLUS_EXPR,
+				      size_binop (MINUS_EXPR,
+						  TYPE_MAX_VALUE (idx_arr[i]),
+						  TYPE_MIN_VALUE (idx_arr[i])),
+				      size_int (1)));
+
+	  fname[0] = ((mech == By_Descriptor_NCA ||
+                       mech == By_Short_Descriptor_NCA) ? 'S' : 'M');
+	  fname[1] = '0' + i, fname[2] = 0;
+	  field_list
+	    = make_descriptor_field (fname, gnat_type_for_size (32, 1),
+				     record_type, idx_length, field_list);
+
+	  if (mech == By_Descriptor_NCA || mech == By_Short_Descriptor_NCA)
+	    tem = idx_length;
+	}
+
+      /* Finally here are the bounds.  */
+      for (i = 0; i < ndim; i++)
+	{
+	  char fname[3];
+
+	  fname[0] = 'L', fname[1] = '0' + i, fname[2] = 0;
+	  field_list
+	    = make_descriptor_field (fname, gnat_type_for_size (32, 1),
+				     record_type, TYPE_MIN_VALUE (idx_arr[i]),
+				     field_list);
+
+	  fname[0] = 'U';
+	  field_list
+	    = make_descriptor_field (fname, gnat_type_for_size (32, 1),
+				     record_type, TYPE_MAX_VALUE (idx_arr[i]),
+				     field_list);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      post_error ("unsupported descriptor type for &", gnat_entity);
+    }
+
+  TYPE_NAME (record_type) = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "DESC");
+  finish_record_type (record_type, nreverse (field_list), 0, false);
+  return record_type;
+}
+
+/* Build a 64-bit VMS descriptor from a Mechanism_Type, which must specify a
+   descriptor type, and the GCC type of an object.  Each FIELD_DECL in the
+   type contains in its DECL_INITIAL the expression to use when a constructor
+   is made for the type.  GNAT_ENTITY is an entity used to print out an error
+   message if the mechanism cannot be applied to an object of that type and
+   also for the name.  */
+
+tree
+build_vms_descriptor (tree type, Mechanism_Type mech, Entity_Id gnat_entity)
+{
+  tree record_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+  tree pointer64_type;
+  tree field_list = NULL_TREE;
+  int klass, ndim, i, dtype = 0;
+  tree inner_type, tem;
+  tree *idx_arr;
+
+  /* If TYPE is an unconstrained array, use the underlying array type.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+    type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (type))));
+
+  /* If this is an array, compute the number of dimensions in the array,
+     get the index types, and point to the inner type.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (type) != ARRAY_TYPE)
+    ndim = 0;
+  else
+    for (ndim = 1, inner_type = type;
+	 TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (inner_type)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	 && TYPE_MULTI_ARRAY_P (TREE_TYPE (inner_type));
+	 ndim++, inner_type = TREE_TYPE (inner_type))
+      ;
+
+  idx_arr = XALLOCAVEC (tree, ndim);
+
+  if (mech != By_Descriptor_NCA
+      && TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE && TYPE_CONVENTION_FORTRAN_P (type))
+    for (i = ndim - 1, inner_type = type;
+	 i >= 0;
+	 i--, inner_type = TREE_TYPE (inner_type))
+      idx_arr[i] = TYPE_DOMAIN (inner_type);
+  else
+    for (i = 0, inner_type = type;
+	 i < ndim;
+	 i++, inner_type = TREE_TYPE (inner_type))
+      idx_arr[i] = TYPE_DOMAIN (inner_type);
+
+  /* Now get the DTYPE value.  */
+  switch (TREE_CODE (type))
+    {
+    case INTEGER_TYPE:
+    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
+    case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
+      if (TYPE_VAX_FLOATING_POINT_P (type))
+	switch (tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_DIGITS_VALUE (type)))
+	  {
+	  case 6:
+	    dtype = 10;
+	    break;
+	  case 9:
+	    dtype = 11;
+	    break;
+	  case 15:
+	    dtype = 27;
+	    break;
+	  }
+      else
+	switch (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (TYPE_MODE (type)))
+	  {
+	  case 8:
+	    dtype = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) ? 2 : 6;
+	    break;
+	  case 16:
+	    dtype = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) ? 3 : 7;
+	    break;
+	  case 32:
+	    dtype = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) ? 4 : 8;
+	    break;
+	  case 64:
+	    dtype = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) ? 5 : 9;
+	    break;
+	  case 128:
+	    dtype = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) ? 25 : 26;
+	    break;
+	  }
+      break;
+
+    case REAL_TYPE:
+      dtype = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (TYPE_MODE (type)) == 32 ? 52 : 53;
+      break;
+
+    case COMPLEX_TYPE:
+      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type)) == INTEGER_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_VAX_FLOATING_POINT_P (type))
+	switch (tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_DIGITS_VALUE (type)))
+	  {
+	  case 6:
+	    dtype = 12;
+	    break;
+	  case 9:
+	    dtype = 13;
+	    break;
+	  case 15:
+	    dtype = 29;
+	  }
+      else
+	dtype = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE (type))) == 32 ? 54: 55;
+      break;
+
+    case ARRAY_TYPE:
+      dtype = 14;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  /* Get the CLASS value.  */
+  switch (mech)
+    {
+    case By_Descriptor_A:
+      klass = 4;
+      break;
+    case By_Descriptor_NCA:
+      klass = 10;
+      break;
+    case By_Descriptor_SB:
+      klass = 15;
+      break;
+    case By_Descriptor:
+    case By_Descriptor_S:
+    default:
+      klass = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+
+  /* Make the type for a 64-bit descriptor for VMS.  The first six fields
+     are the same for all types.  */
+  field_list
+    = make_descriptor_field ("MBO", gnat_type_for_size (16, 1),
+			     record_type, size_int (1), field_list);
+  field_list
+    = make_descriptor_field ("DTYPE", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1),
+			     record_type, size_int (dtype), field_list);
+  field_list
+    = make_descriptor_field ("CLASS", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1),
+			     record_type, size_int (klass), field_list);
+  field_list
+    = make_descriptor_field ("MBMO", gnat_type_for_size (32, 1),
+			     record_type, size_int (-1), field_list);
+  field_list
+    = make_descriptor_field ("LENGTH", gnat_type_for_size (64, 1),
+			     record_type,
+			     size_in_bytes (mech == By_Descriptor_A
+					    ? inner_type : type),
+			     field_list);
+
+  pointer64_type = build_pointer_type_for_mode (type, DImode, false);
+
+  field_list
+    = make_descriptor_field ("POINTER", pointer64_type, record_type,
+			     build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, pointer64_type,
+					     build0 (PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, type)),
+			     field_list);
+
+  switch (mech)
+    {
+    case By_Descriptor:
+    case By_Descriptor_S:
+      break;
+
+    case By_Descriptor_SB:
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("SB_L1", gnat_type_for_size (64, 1),
+				 record_type,
+				 (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+				  ? TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (type))
+				  : size_zero_node),
+				 field_list);
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("SB_U1", gnat_type_for_size (64, 1),
+				 record_type,
+				 (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+				  ? TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (type))
+				  : size_zero_node),
+				 field_list);
+      break;
+
+    case By_Descriptor_A:
+    case By_Descriptor_NCA:
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("SCALE", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1),
+				 record_type, size_zero_node, field_list);
+
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("DIGITS", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1),
+				 record_type, size_zero_node, field_list);
+
+      dtype = (mech == By_Descriptor_NCA
+	       ? 0
+	       /* Set FL_COLUMN, FL_COEFF, and
+		  FL_BOUNDS.  */
+	       : (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+		  && TYPE_CONVENTION_FORTRAN_P (type)
+		  ? 224 : 192));
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("AFLAGS", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1),
+				 record_type, size_int (dtype),
+				 field_list);
+
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("DIMCT", gnat_type_for_size (8, 1),
+				 record_type, size_int (ndim), field_list);
+
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("MBZ", gnat_type_for_size (32, 1),
+				 record_type, size_int (0), field_list);
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("ARSIZE", gnat_type_for_size (64, 1),
+				 record_type, size_in_bytes (type),
+				 field_list);
+
+      /* Now build a pointer to the 0,0,0... element.  */
+      tem = build0 (PLACEHOLDER_EXPR, type);
+      for (i = 0, inner_type = type; i < ndim;
+	   i++, inner_type = TREE_TYPE (inner_type))
+	tem = build4 (ARRAY_REF, TREE_TYPE (inner_type), tem,
+		      convert (TYPE_DOMAIN (inner_type), size_zero_node),
+		      NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
+
+      field_list
+	= make_descriptor_field ("A0", pointer64_type, record_type,
+				 build1 (ADDR_EXPR, pointer64_type, tem),
+				 field_list);
+
+      /* Next come the addressing coefficients.  */
+      tem = size_one_node;
+      for (i = 0; i < ndim; i++)
+	{
+	  char fname[3];
+	  tree idx_length
+	    = size_binop (MULT_EXPR, tem,
+			  size_binop (PLUS_EXPR,
+				      size_binop (MINUS_EXPR,
+						  TYPE_MAX_VALUE (idx_arr[i]),
+						  TYPE_MIN_VALUE (idx_arr[i])),
+				      size_int (1)));
+
+	  fname[0] = (mech == By_Descriptor_NCA ? 'S' : 'M');
+	  fname[1] = '0' + i, fname[2] = 0;
+	  field_list
+	    = make_descriptor_field (fname, gnat_type_for_size (64, 1),
+				     record_type, idx_length, field_list);
+
+	  if (mech == By_Descriptor_NCA)
+	    tem = idx_length;
+	}
+
+      /* Finally here are the bounds.  */
+      for (i = 0; i < ndim; i++)
+	{
+	  char fname[3];
+
+	  fname[0] = 'L', fname[1] = '0' + i, fname[2] = 0;
+	  field_list
+	    = make_descriptor_field (fname, gnat_type_for_size (64, 1),
+				     record_type,
+				     TYPE_MIN_VALUE (idx_arr[i]), field_list);
+
+	  fname[0] = 'U';
+	  field_list
+	    = make_descriptor_field (fname, gnat_type_for_size (64, 1),
+				     record_type,
+				     TYPE_MAX_VALUE (idx_arr[i]), field_list);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      post_error ("unsupported descriptor type for &", gnat_entity);
+    }
+
+  TYPE_NAME (record_type) = create_concat_name (gnat_entity, "DESC64");
+  finish_record_type (record_type, nreverse (field_list), 0, false);
+  return record_type;
+}
+
+/* Fill in a VMS descriptor of GNU_TYPE for GNU_EXPR and return the result.
+   GNAT_ACTUAL is the actual parameter for which the descriptor is built.  */
+
+tree
+fill_vms_descriptor (tree gnu_type, tree gnu_expr, Node_Id gnat_actual)
+{
+  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v = NULL;
+  tree field;
+
+  gnu_expr = maybe_unconstrained_array (gnu_expr);
+  gnu_expr = gnat_protect_expr (gnu_expr);
+  gnat_mark_addressable (gnu_expr);
+
+  /* We may need to substitute both GNU_EXPR and a CALL_EXPR to the raise CE
+     routine in case we have a 32-bit descriptor.  */
+  gnu_expr = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, void_type_node,
+		     build_call_raise (CE_Range_Check_Failed, gnat_actual,
+				       N_Raise_Constraint_Error),
+		     gnu_expr);
+
+  for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type); field; field = DECL_CHAIN (field))
+    {
+      tree value
+	= convert (TREE_TYPE (field),
+		   SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (DECL_INITIAL (field),
+						   gnu_expr));
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, field, value);
+    }
+
+  return gnat_build_constructor (gnu_type, v);
+}
+
+/* Convert GNU_EXPR, a pointer to a 64bit VMS descriptor, to GNU_TYPE, a
+   regular pointer or fat pointer type.  GNAT_SUBPROG is the subprogram to
+   which the VMS descriptor is passed.  */
+
+static tree
+convert_vms_descriptor64 (tree gnu_type, tree gnu_expr, Entity_Id gnat_subprog)
+{
+  tree desc_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr));
+  tree desc = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, desc_type, gnu_expr);
+  /* The CLASS field is the 3rd field in the descriptor.  */
+  tree klass = DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (desc_type)));
+  /* The POINTER field is the 6th field in the descriptor.  */
+  tree pointer = DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (klass)));
+
+  /* Retrieve the value of the POINTER field.  */
+  tree gnu_expr64
+    = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (pointer), desc, pointer, NULL_TREE);
+
+  if (POINTER_TYPE_P (gnu_type))
+    return convert (gnu_type, gnu_expr64);
+
+  else if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_type))
+    {
+      tree p_array_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type));
+      tree p_bounds_type = TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)));
+      tree template_type = TREE_TYPE (p_bounds_type);
+      tree min_field = TYPE_FIELDS (template_type);
+      tree max_field = DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (template_type));
+      tree template_tree, template_addr, aflags, dimct, t, u;
+      /* See the head comment of build_vms_descriptor.  */
+      int iklass = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (DECL_INITIAL (klass));
+      tree lfield, ufield;
+      vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+
+      /* Convert POINTER to the pointer-to-array type.  */
+      gnu_expr64 = convert (p_array_type, gnu_expr64);
+
+      switch (iklass)
+	{
+	case 1:  /* Class S  */
+	case 15: /* Class SB */
+	  /* Build {1, LENGTH} template; LENGTH64 is the 5th field.  */
+	  vec_alloc (v, 2);
+	  t = DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (klass));
+	  t = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, min_field,
+				  convert (TREE_TYPE (min_field),
+					   integer_one_node));
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, max_field,
+				  convert (TREE_TYPE (max_field), t));
+	  template_tree = gnat_build_constructor (template_type, v);
+	  template_addr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, template_tree);
+
+	  /* For class S, we are done.  */
+	  if (iklass == 1)
+	    break;
+
+	  /* Test that we really have a SB descriptor, like DEC Ada.  */
+	  t = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (klass), desc, klass, NULL);
+	  u = convert (TREE_TYPE (klass), DECL_INITIAL (klass));
+	  u = build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node, t, u);
+	  /* If so, there is already a template in the descriptor and
+	     it is located right after the POINTER field.  The fields are
+             64bits so they must be repacked. */
+	  t = DECL_CHAIN (pointer);
+          lfield = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+          lfield = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (template_type)), lfield);
+
+	  t = DECL_CHAIN (t);
+          ufield = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+          ufield = convert
+           (TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (template_type))), ufield);
+
+	  /* Build the template in the form of a constructor. */
+	  vec_alloc (v, 2);
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, TYPE_FIELDS (template_type), lfield);
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (template_type)),
+				  ufield);
+	  template_tree = gnat_build_constructor (template_type, v);
+
+	  /* Otherwise use the {1, LENGTH} template we build above.  */
+	  template_addr = build3 (COND_EXPR, p_bounds_type, u,
+				  build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, p_bounds_type,
+				 		 template_tree),
+				  template_addr);
+	  break;
+
+	case 4:  /* Class A */
+	  /* The AFLAGS field is the 3rd field after the pointer in the
+             descriptor.  */
+	  t = DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (pointer)));
+	  aflags = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+	  /* The DIMCT field is the next field in the descriptor after
+             aflags.  */
+	  t = DECL_CHAIN (t);
+	  dimct = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+	  /* Raise CONSTRAINT_ERROR if either more than 1 dimension
+	     or FL_COEFF or FL_BOUNDS not set.  */
+	  u = build_int_cst (TREE_TYPE (aflags), 192);
+	  u = build_binary_op (TRUTH_OR_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+			       build_binary_op (NE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+						dimct,
+						convert (TREE_TYPE (dimct),
+							 size_one_node)),
+			       build_binary_op (NE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+						build2 (BIT_AND_EXPR,
+							TREE_TYPE (aflags),
+							aflags, u),
+						u));
+	  /* There is already a template in the descriptor and it is located
+             in block 3.  The fields are 64bits so they must be repacked. */
+	  t = DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN
+              (t)))));
+          lfield = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+          lfield = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (template_type)), lfield);
+
+	  t = DECL_CHAIN (t);
+          ufield = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+          ufield = convert
+           (TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (template_type))), ufield);
+
+	  /* Build the template in the form of a constructor. */
+	  vec_alloc (v, 2);
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, TYPE_FIELDS (template_type), lfield);
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (template_type)),
+				  ufield);
+	  template_tree = gnat_build_constructor (template_type, v);
+	  template_tree = build3 (COND_EXPR, template_type, u,
+			    build_call_raise (CE_Length_Check_Failed, Empty,
+					      N_Raise_Constraint_Error),
+			    template_tree);
+	  template_addr
+	    = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, p_bounds_type, template_tree);
+	  break;
+
+	case 10: /* Class NCA */
+	default:
+	  post_error ("unsupported descriptor type for &", gnat_subprog);
+	  template_addr = integer_zero_node;
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* Build the fat pointer in the form of a constructor.  */
+      vec_alloc (v, 2);
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type), gnu_expr64);
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)),
+			      template_addr);
+      return gnat_build_constructor (gnu_type, v);
+    }
+
+  else
+    gcc_unreachable ();
+}
+
+/* Convert GNU_EXPR, a pointer to a 32bit VMS descriptor, to GNU_TYPE, a
+   regular pointer or fat pointer type.  GNAT_SUBPROG is the subprogram to
+   which the VMS descriptor is passed.  */
+
+static tree
+convert_vms_descriptor32 (tree gnu_type, tree gnu_expr, Entity_Id gnat_subprog)
+{
+  tree desc_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr));
+  tree desc = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, desc_type, gnu_expr);
+  /* The CLASS field is the 3rd field in the descriptor.  */
+  tree klass = DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (desc_type)));
+  /* The POINTER field is the 4th field in the descriptor.  */
+  tree pointer = DECL_CHAIN (klass);
+
+  /* Retrieve the value of the POINTER field.  */
+  tree gnu_expr32
+    = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (pointer), desc, pointer, NULL_TREE);
+
+  if (POINTER_TYPE_P (gnu_type))
+    return convert (gnu_type, gnu_expr32);
+
+  else if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (gnu_type))
+    {
+      tree p_array_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type));
+      tree p_bounds_type = TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)));
+      tree template_type = TREE_TYPE (p_bounds_type);
+      tree min_field = TYPE_FIELDS (template_type);
+      tree max_field = DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (template_type));
+      tree template_tree, template_addr, aflags, dimct, t, u;
+      /* See the head comment of build_vms_descriptor.  */
+      int iklass = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (DECL_INITIAL (klass));
+      vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+
+      /* Convert POINTER to the pointer-to-array type.  */
+      gnu_expr32 = convert (p_array_type, gnu_expr32);
+
+      switch (iklass)
+	{
+	case 1:  /* Class S  */
+	case 15: /* Class SB */
+	  /* Build {1, LENGTH} template; LENGTH is the 1st field.  */
+	  vec_alloc (v, 2);
+	  t = TYPE_FIELDS (desc_type);
+	  t = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, min_field,
+				  convert (TREE_TYPE (min_field),
+					   integer_one_node));
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, max_field,
+				  convert (TREE_TYPE (max_field), t));
+	  template_tree = gnat_build_constructor (template_type, v);
+	  template_addr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, template_tree);
+
+	  /* For class S, we are done.  */
+	  if (iklass == 1)
+	    break;
+
+	  /* Test that we really have a SB descriptor, like DEC Ada.  */
+	  t = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (klass), desc, klass, NULL);
+	  u = convert (TREE_TYPE (klass), DECL_INITIAL (klass));
+	  u = build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node, t, u);
+	  /* If so, there is already a template in the descriptor and
+	     it is located right after the POINTER field.  */
+	  t = DECL_CHAIN (pointer);
+	  template_tree
+	    = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+	  /* Otherwise use the {1, LENGTH} template we build above.  */
+	  template_addr = build3 (COND_EXPR, p_bounds_type, u,
+				  build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, p_bounds_type,
+				 		 template_tree),
+				  template_addr);
+	  break;
+
+	case 4:  /* Class A */
+	  /* The AFLAGS field is the 7th field in the descriptor.  */
+	  t = DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (pointer)));
+	  aflags = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+	  /* The DIMCT field is the 8th field in the descriptor.  */
+	  t = DECL_CHAIN (t);
+	  dimct = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+	  /* Raise CONSTRAINT_ERROR if either more than 1 dimension
+	     or FL_COEFF or FL_BOUNDS not set.  */
+	  u = build_int_cst (TREE_TYPE (aflags), 192);
+	  u = build_binary_op (TRUTH_OR_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+			       build_binary_op (NE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+						dimct,
+						convert (TREE_TYPE (dimct),
+							 size_one_node)),
+			       build_binary_op (NE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+						build2 (BIT_AND_EXPR,
+							TREE_TYPE (aflags),
+							aflags, u),
+						u));
+	  /* There is already a template in the descriptor and it is
+	     located at the start of block 3 (12th field).  */
+	  t = DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (t))));
+	  template_tree
+	    = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (t), desc, t, NULL_TREE);
+	  template_tree = build3 (COND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (t), u,
+			    build_call_raise (CE_Length_Check_Failed, Empty,
+					      N_Raise_Constraint_Error),
+			    template_tree);
+	  template_addr
+	    = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, p_bounds_type, template_tree);
+	  break;
+
+	case 10: /* Class NCA */
+	default:
+	  post_error ("unsupported descriptor type for &", gnat_subprog);
+	  template_addr = integer_zero_node;
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      /* Build the fat pointer in the form of a constructor.  */
+      vec_alloc (v, 2);
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type), gnu_expr32);
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (gnu_type)),
+			      template_addr);
+
+      return gnat_build_constructor (gnu_type, v);
+    }
+
+  else
+    gcc_unreachable ();
+}
+
+/* Convert GNU_EXPR, a pointer to a VMS descriptor, to GNU_TYPE, a regular
+   pointer or fat pointer type.  GNU_EXPR_ALT_TYPE is the alternate (32-bit)
+   pointer type of GNU_EXPR.  GNAT_SUBPROG is the subprogram to which the
+   descriptor is passed.  */
+
+tree
+convert_vms_descriptor (tree gnu_type, tree gnu_expr, tree gnu_expr_alt_type,
+			Entity_Id gnat_subprog)
+{
+  tree desc_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (gnu_expr));
+  tree desc = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, desc_type, gnu_expr);
+  tree mbo = TYPE_FIELDS (desc_type);
+  const char *mbostr = IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (mbo));
+  tree mbmo = DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (DECL_CHAIN (mbo)));
+  tree is64bit, gnu_expr32, gnu_expr64;
+
+  /* If the field name is not MBO, it must be 32-bit and no alternate.
+     Otherwise primary must be 64-bit and alternate 32-bit.  */
+  if (strcmp (mbostr, "MBO") != 0)
+    {
+      tree ret = convert_vms_descriptor32 (gnu_type, gnu_expr, gnat_subprog);
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+  /* Build the test for 64-bit descriptor.  */
+  mbo = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (mbo), desc, mbo, NULL_TREE);
+  mbmo = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (mbmo), desc, mbmo, NULL_TREE);
+  is64bit
+    = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+		       build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+					convert (integer_type_node, mbo),
+					integer_one_node),
+		       build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+					convert (integer_type_node, mbmo),
+					integer_minus_one_node));
+
+  /* Build the 2 possible end results.  */
+  gnu_expr64 = convert_vms_descriptor64 (gnu_type, gnu_expr, gnat_subprog);
+  gnu_expr = fold_convert (gnu_expr_alt_type, gnu_expr);
+  gnu_expr32 = convert_vms_descriptor32 (gnu_type, gnu_expr, gnat_subprog);
+  return build3 (COND_EXPR, gnu_type, is64bit, gnu_expr64, gnu_expr32);
+}
+
+/* Build a type to be used to represent an aliased object whose nominal type
+   is an unconstrained array.  This consists of a RECORD_TYPE containing a
+   field of TEMPLATE_TYPE and a field of OBJECT_TYPE, which is an ARRAY_TYPE.
+   If ARRAY_TYPE is that of an unconstrained array, this is used to represent
+   an arbitrary unconstrained object.  Use NAME as the name of the record.
+   DEBUG_INFO_P is true if we need to write debug information for the type.  */
+
+tree
+build_unc_object_type (tree template_type, tree object_type, tree name,
+		       bool debug_info_p)
+{
+  tree type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+  tree template_field
+    = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("BOUNDS"), template_type, type,
+			 NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, 0, 1);
+  tree array_field
+    = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("ARRAY"), object_type, type,
+			 NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, 0, 1);
+
+  TYPE_NAME (type) = name;
+  TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (type) = 1;
+  DECL_CHAIN (template_field) = array_field;
+  finish_record_type (type, template_field, 0, true);
+
+  /* Declare it now since it will never be declared otherwise.  This is
+     necessary to ensure that its subtrees are properly marked.  */
+  create_type_decl (name, type, true, debug_info_p, Empty);
+
+  return type;
+}
+
+/* Same, taking a thin or fat pointer type instead of a template type. */
+
+tree
+build_unc_object_type_from_ptr (tree thin_fat_ptr_type, tree object_type,
+				tree name, bool debug_info_p)
+{
+  tree template_type;
+
+  gcc_assert (TYPE_IS_FAT_OR_THIN_POINTER_P (thin_fat_ptr_type));
+
+  template_type
+    = (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (thin_fat_ptr_type)
+       ? TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (thin_fat_ptr_type))))
+       : TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (thin_fat_ptr_type))));
+
+  return
+    build_unc_object_type (template_type, object_type, name, debug_info_p);
+}
+
+/* Update anything previously pointing to OLD_TYPE to point to NEW_TYPE.
+   In the normal case this is just two adjustments, but we have more to
+   do if NEW_TYPE is an UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE.  */
+
+void
+update_pointer_to (tree old_type, tree new_type)
+{
+  tree ptr = TYPE_POINTER_TO (old_type);
+  tree ref = TYPE_REFERENCE_TO (old_type);
+  tree t;
+
+  /* If this is the main variant, process all the other variants first.  */
+  if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (old_type) == old_type)
+    for (t = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (old_type); t; t = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (t))
+      update_pointer_to (t, new_type);
+
+  /* If no pointers and no references, we are done.  */
+  if (!ptr && !ref)
+    return;
+
+  /* Merge the old type qualifiers in the new type.
+
+     Each old variant has qualifiers for specific reasons, and the new
+     designated type as well.  Each set of qualifiers represents useful
+     information grabbed at some point, and merging the two simply unifies
+     these inputs into the final type description.
+
+     Consider for instance a volatile type frozen after an access to constant
+     type designating it; after the designated type's freeze, we get here with
+     a volatile NEW_TYPE and a dummy OLD_TYPE with a readonly variant, created
+     when the access type was processed.  We will make a volatile and readonly
+     designated type, because that's what it really is.
+
+     We might also get here for a non-dummy OLD_TYPE variant with different
+     qualifiers than those of NEW_TYPE, for instance in some cases of pointers
+     to private record type elaboration (see the comments around the call to
+     this routine in gnat_to_gnu_entity <E_Access_Type>).  We have to merge
+     the qualifiers in those cases too, to avoid accidentally discarding the
+     initial set, and will often end up with OLD_TYPE == NEW_TYPE then.  */
+  new_type
+    = build_qualified_type (new_type,
+			    TYPE_QUALS (old_type) | TYPE_QUALS (new_type));
+
+  /* If old type and new type are identical, there is nothing to do.  */
+  if (old_type == new_type)
+    return;
+
+  /* Otherwise, first handle the simple case.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (new_type) != UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+    {
+      tree new_ptr, new_ref;
+
+      /* If pointer or reference already points to new type, nothing to do.
+	 This can happen as update_pointer_to can be invoked multiple times
+	 on the same couple of types because of the type variants.  */
+      if ((ptr && TREE_TYPE (ptr) == new_type)
+	  || (ref && TREE_TYPE (ref) == new_type))
+	return;
+
+      /* Chain PTR and its variants at the end.  */
+      new_ptr = TYPE_POINTER_TO (new_type);
+      if (new_ptr)
+	{
+	  while (TYPE_NEXT_PTR_TO (new_ptr))
+	    new_ptr = TYPE_NEXT_PTR_TO (new_ptr);
+	  TYPE_NEXT_PTR_TO (new_ptr) = ptr;
+	}
+      else
+	TYPE_POINTER_TO (new_type) = ptr;
+
+      /* Now adjust them.  */
+      for (; ptr; ptr = TYPE_NEXT_PTR_TO (ptr))
+	for (t = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (ptr); t; t = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (t))
+	  {
+	    TREE_TYPE (t) = new_type;
+	    if (TYPE_NULL_BOUNDS (t))
+	      TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (TYPE_NULL_BOUNDS (t), 0)) = new_type;
+	  }
+
+      /* Chain REF and its variants at the end.  */
+      new_ref = TYPE_REFERENCE_TO (new_type);
+      if (new_ref)
+	{
+	  while (TYPE_NEXT_REF_TO (new_ref))
+	    new_ref = TYPE_NEXT_REF_TO (new_ref);
+	  TYPE_NEXT_REF_TO (new_ref) = ref;
+	}
+      else
+	TYPE_REFERENCE_TO (new_type) = ref;
+
+      /* Now adjust them.  */
+      for (; ref; ref = TYPE_NEXT_REF_TO (ref))
+	for (t = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (ref); t; t = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (t))
+	  TREE_TYPE (t) = new_type;
+
+      TYPE_POINTER_TO (old_type) = NULL_TREE;
+      TYPE_REFERENCE_TO (old_type) = NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  /* Now deal with the unconstrained array case.  In this case the pointer
+     is actually a record where both fields are pointers to dummy nodes.
+     Turn them into pointers to the correct types using update_pointer_to.
+     Likewise for the pointer to the object record (thin pointer).  */
+  else
+    {
+      tree new_ptr = TYPE_POINTER_TO (new_type);
+
+      gcc_assert (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (ptr));
+
+      /* If PTR already points to NEW_TYPE, nothing to do.  This can happen
+	 since update_pointer_to can be invoked multiple times on the same
+	 couple of types because of the type variants.  */
+      if (TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (ptr) == new_type)
+	return;
+
+      update_pointer_to
+	(TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (ptr))),
+	 TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (new_ptr))));
+
+      update_pointer_to
+	(TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (ptr)))),
+	 TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (new_ptr)))));
+
+      update_pointer_to (TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE (old_type),
+			 TYPE_OBJECT_RECORD_TYPE (new_type));
+
+      TYPE_POINTER_TO (old_type) = NULL_TREE;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Convert EXPR, a pointer to a constrained array, into a pointer to an
+   unconstrained one.  This involves making or finding a template.  */
+
+static tree
+convert_to_fat_pointer (tree type, tree expr)
+{
+  tree template_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (type))));
+  tree p_array_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type));
+  tree etype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
+  tree template_addr;
+  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+  vec_alloc (v, 2);
+
+  /* If EXPR is null, make a fat pointer that contains a null pointer to the
+     array (compare_fat_pointers ensures that this is the full discriminant)
+     and a valid pointer to the bounds.  This latter property is necessary
+     since the compiler can hoist the load of the bounds done through it.  */
+  if (integer_zerop (expr))
+    {
+      tree ptr_template_type = TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (type)));
+      tree null_bounds, t;
+
+      if (TYPE_NULL_BOUNDS (ptr_template_type))
+	null_bounds = TYPE_NULL_BOUNDS (ptr_template_type);
+      else
+	{
+	  /* The template type can still be dummy at this point so we build an
+	     empty constructor.  The middle-end will fill it in with zeros.  */
+	  t = build_constructor (template_type,
+				 NULL);
+	  TREE_CONSTANT (t) = TREE_STATIC (t) = 1;
+	  null_bounds = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, t);
+	  SET_TYPE_NULL_BOUNDS (ptr_template_type, null_bounds);
+	}
+
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, TYPE_FIELDS (type),
+			      fold_convert (p_array_type, null_pointer_node));
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (type)), null_bounds);
+      t = build_constructor (type, v);
+      /* Do not set TREE_CONSTANT so as to force T to static memory.  */
+      TREE_CONSTANT (t) = 0;
+      TREE_STATIC (t) = 1;
+
+      return t;
+    }
+
+  /* If EXPR is a thin pointer, make template and data from the record.  */
+  if (TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (etype))
+    {
+      tree field = TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (etype));
+
+      expr = gnat_protect_expr (expr);
+
+      /* If we have a TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY attached to the RECORD_TYPE,
+	 the thin pointer value has been shifted so we shift it back to get
+	 the template address.  */
+      if (TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (TREE_TYPE (etype)))
+	{
+	  template_addr
+	    = build_binary_op (POINTER_PLUS_EXPR, etype, expr,
+			       fold_build1 (NEGATE_EXPR, sizetype,
+					    byte_position
+					    (DECL_CHAIN (field))));
+	  template_addr
+	    = fold_convert (TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (type))),
+			    template_addr);
+	}
+
+      /* Otherwise we explicitly take the address of the fields.  */
+      else
+	{
+	  expr = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, expr);
+	  template_addr
+	    = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+			      build_component_ref (expr, NULL_TREE, field,
+						   false));
+	  expr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+				 build_component_ref (expr, NULL_TREE,
+						      DECL_CHAIN (field),
+						      false));
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Otherwise, build the constructor for the template.  */
+  else
+    template_addr
+      = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+			build_template (template_type, TREE_TYPE (etype),
+					expr));
+
+  /* The final result is a constructor for the fat pointer.
+
+     If EXPR is an argument of a foreign convention subprogram, the type it
+     points to is directly the component type.  In this case, the expression
+     type may not match the corresponding FIELD_DECL type at this point, so we
+     call "convert" here to fix that up if necessary.  This type consistency is
+     required, for instance because it ensures that possible later folding of
+     COMPONENT_REFs against this constructor always yields something of the
+     same type as the initial reference.
+
+     Note that the call to "build_template" above is still fine because it
+     will only refer to the provided TEMPLATE_TYPE in this case.  */
+  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, TYPE_FIELDS (type), convert (p_array_type, expr));
+  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (type)), template_addr);
+  return gnat_build_constructor (type, v);
+}
+
+/* Create an expression whose value is that of EXPR,
+   converted to type TYPE.  The TREE_TYPE of the value
+   is always TYPE.  This function implements all reasonable
+   conversions; callers should filter out those that are
+   not permitted by the language being compiled.  */
+
+tree
+convert (tree type, tree expr)
+{
+  tree etype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
+  enum tree_code ecode = TREE_CODE (etype);
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (type);
+
+  /* If the expression is already of the right type, we are done.  */
+  if (etype == type)
+    return expr;
+
+  /* If both input and output have padding and are of variable size, do this
+     as an unchecked conversion.  Likewise if one is a mere variant of the
+     other, so we avoid a pointless unpad/repad sequence.  */
+  else if (code == RECORD_TYPE && ecode == RECORD_TYPE
+	   && TYPE_PADDING_P (type) && TYPE_PADDING_P (etype)
+	   && (!TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (type))
+	       || !TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (etype))
+	       || TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type) == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (etype)
+	       || TYPE_NAME (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type)))
+		  == TYPE_NAME (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (etype)))))
+    ;
+
+  /* If the output type has padding, convert to the inner type and make a
+     constructor to build the record, unless a variable size is involved.  */
+  else if (code == RECORD_TYPE && TYPE_PADDING_P (type))
+    {
+      vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+
+      /* If we previously converted from another type and our type is
+	 of variable size, remove the conversion to avoid the need for
+	 variable-sized temporaries.  Likewise for a conversion between
+	 original and packable version.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (expr) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR
+	  && (!TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (type))
+	      || (ecode == RECORD_TYPE
+		  && TYPE_NAME (etype)
+		     == TYPE_NAME (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0))))))
+	expr = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
+
+      /* If we are just removing the padding from expr, convert the original
+	 object if we have variable size in order to avoid the need for some
+	 variable-sized temporaries.  Likewise if the padding is a variant
+	 of the other, so we avoid a pointless unpad/repad sequence.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (expr) == COMPONENT_REF
+	  && TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0)))
+	  && (!TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (type))
+	      || TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type)
+		 == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0)))
+	      || (ecode == RECORD_TYPE
+		  && TYPE_NAME (etype)
+		     == TYPE_NAME (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type))))))
+	return convert (type, TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0));
+
+      /* If the inner type is of self-referential size and the expression type
+	 is a record, do this as an unchecked conversion.  But first pad the
+	 expression if possible to have the same size on both sides.  */
+      if (ecode == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (DECL_SIZE (TYPE_FIELDS (type))))
+	{
+	  if (TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (etype)) == INTEGER_CST)
+	    expr = convert (maybe_pad_type (etype, TYPE_SIZE (type), 0, Empty,
+					    false, false, false, true),
+			    expr);
+	  return unchecked_convert (type, expr, false);
+	}
+
+      /* If we are converting between array types with variable size, do the
+	 final conversion as an unchecked conversion, again to avoid the need
+	 for some variable-sized temporaries.  If valid, this conversion is
+	 very likely purely technical and without real effects.  */
+      if (ecode == ARRAY_TYPE
+	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type))) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	  && !TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (etype))
+	  && !TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (type)))
+	return unchecked_convert (type,
+				  convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type)),
+					   expr),
+				  false);
+
+      vec_alloc (v, 1);
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, TYPE_FIELDS (type),
+			      convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type)), expr));
+      return gnat_build_constructor (type, v);
+    }
+
+  /* If the input type has padding, remove it and convert to the output type.
+     The conditions ordering is arranged to ensure that the output type is not
+     a padding type here, as it is not clear whether the conversion would
+     always be correct if this was to happen.  */
+  else if (ecode == RECORD_TYPE && TYPE_PADDING_P (etype))
+    {
+      tree unpadded;
+
+      /* If we have just converted to this padded type, just get the
+	 inner expression.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (expr) == CONSTRUCTOR
+	  && !vec_safe_is_empty (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expr))
+	  && (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expr))[0].index == TYPE_FIELDS (etype))
+	unpadded = (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expr))[0].value;
+
+      /* Otherwise, build an explicit component reference.  */
+      else
+	unpadded
+	  = build_component_ref (expr, NULL_TREE, TYPE_FIELDS (etype), false);
+
+      return convert (type, unpadded);
+    }
+
+  /* If the input is a biased type, adjust first.  */
+  if (ecode == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (etype))
+    return convert (type, fold_build2 (PLUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (etype),
+				       fold_convert (TREE_TYPE (etype),
+						     expr),
+				       TYPE_MIN_VALUE (etype)));
+
+  /* If the input is a justified modular type, we need to extract the actual
+     object before converting it to any other type with the exceptions of an
+     unconstrained array or of a mere type variant.  It is useful to avoid the
+     extraction and conversion in the type variant case because it could end
+     up replacing a VAR_DECL expr by a constructor and we might be about the
+     take the address of the result.  */
+  if (ecode == RECORD_TYPE && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (etype)
+      && code != UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE
+      && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type) != TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (etype))
+    return convert (type, build_component_ref (expr, NULL_TREE,
+					       TYPE_FIELDS (etype), false));
+
+  /* If converting to a type that contains a template, convert to the data
+     type and then build the template. */
+  if (code == RECORD_TYPE && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (type))
+    {
+      tree obj_type = TREE_TYPE (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (type)));
+      vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+      vec_alloc (v, 2);
+
+      /* If the source already has a template, get a reference to the
+	 associated array only, as we are going to rebuild a template
+	 for the target type anyway.  */
+      expr = maybe_unconstrained_array (expr);
+
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, TYPE_FIELDS (type),
+			      build_template (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type)),
+					      obj_type, NULL_TREE));
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (type)),
+			      convert (obj_type, expr));
+      return gnat_build_constructor (type, v);
+    }
+
+  /* There are some cases of expressions that we process specially.  */
+  switch (TREE_CODE (expr))
+    {
+    case ERROR_MARK:
+      return expr;
+
+    case NULL_EXPR:
+      /* Just set its type here.  For TRANSFORM_EXPR, we will do the actual
+	 conversion in gnat_expand_expr.  NULL_EXPR does not represent
+	 and actual value, so no conversion is needed.  */
+      expr = copy_node (expr);
+      TREE_TYPE (expr) = type;
+      return expr;
+
+    case STRING_CST:
+      /* If we are converting a STRING_CST to another constrained array type,
+	 just make a new one in the proper type.  */
+      if (code == ecode && AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (etype)
+	  && !(TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (etype)) == INTEGER_CST
+	       && TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (type)) != INTEGER_CST))
+	{
+	  expr = copy_node (expr);
+	  TREE_TYPE (expr) = type;
+	  return expr;
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case VECTOR_CST:
+      /* If we are converting a VECTOR_CST to a mere type variant, just make
+	 a new one in the proper type.  */
+      if (code == ecode && gnat_types_compatible_p (type, etype))
+	{
+	  expr = copy_node (expr);
+	  TREE_TYPE (expr) = type;
+	  return expr;
+	}
+
+    case CONSTRUCTOR:
+      /* If we are converting a CONSTRUCTOR to a mere type variant, or to
+	 another padding type around the same type, just make a new one in
+	 the proper type.  */
+      if (code == ecode
+	  && (gnat_types_compatible_p (type, etype)
+	      || (code == RECORD_TYPE
+		  && TYPE_PADDING_P (type) && TYPE_PADDING_P (etype)
+		  && TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type))
+		     == TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (etype)))))
+	{
+	  expr = copy_node (expr);
+	  TREE_TYPE (expr) = type;
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expr) = vec_safe_copy (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expr));
+	  return expr;
+	}
+
+      /* Likewise for a conversion between original and packable version, or
+	 conversion between types of the same size and with the same list of
+	 fields, but we have to work harder to preserve type consistency.  */
+      if (code == ecode
+	  && code == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && (TYPE_NAME (type) == TYPE_NAME (etype)
+	      || tree_int_cst_equal (TYPE_SIZE (type), TYPE_SIZE (etype))))
+
+	{
+	  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *e = CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expr);
+	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT len = vec_safe_length (e);
+	  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+	  vec_alloc (v, len);
+	  tree efield = TYPE_FIELDS (etype), field = TYPE_FIELDS (type);
+	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT idx;
+	  tree index, value;
+
+	  /* Whether we need to clear TREE_CONSTANT et al. on the output
+	     constructor when we convert in place.  */
+	  bool clear_constant = false;
+
+	  FOR_EACH_CONSTRUCTOR_ELT(e, idx, index, value)
+	    {
+	      /* Skip the missing fields in the CONSTRUCTOR.  */
+	      while (efield && field && !SAME_FIELD_P (efield, index))
+	        {
+		  efield = DECL_CHAIN (efield);
+		  field = DECL_CHAIN (field);
+		}
+	      /* The field must be the same.  */
+	      if (!(efield && field && SAME_FIELD_P (efield, field)))
+		break;
+	      constructor_elt elt
+	        = {field, convert (TREE_TYPE (field), value)};
+	      v->quick_push (elt);
+
+	      /* If packing has made this field a bitfield and the input
+		 value couldn't be emitted statically any more, we need to
+		 clear TREE_CONSTANT on our output.  */
+	      if (!clear_constant
+		  && TREE_CONSTANT (expr)
+		  && !CONSTRUCTOR_BITFIELD_P (efield)
+		  && CONSTRUCTOR_BITFIELD_P (field)
+		  && !initializer_constant_valid_for_bitfield_p (value))
+		clear_constant = true;
+
+	      efield = DECL_CHAIN (efield);
+	      field = DECL_CHAIN (field);
+	    }
+
+	  /* If we have been able to match and convert all the input fields
+	     to their output type, convert in place now.  We'll fallback to a
+	     view conversion downstream otherwise.  */
+	  if (idx == len)
+	    {
+	      expr = copy_node (expr);
+	      TREE_TYPE (expr) = type;
+	      CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expr) = v;
+	      if (clear_constant)
+		TREE_CONSTANT (expr) = TREE_STATIC (expr) = 0;
+	      return expr;
+	    }
+	}
+
+      /* Likewise for a conversion between array type and vector type with a
+         compatible representative array.  */
+      else if (code == VECTOR_TYPE
+	       && ecode == ARRAY_TYPE
+	       && gnat_types_compatible_p (TYPE_REPRESENTATIVE_ARRAY (type),
+					   etype))
+	{
+	  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *e = CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expr);
+	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT len = vec_safe_length (e);
+	  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT ix;
+	  tree value;
+
+	  /* Build a VECTOR_CST from a *constant* array constructor.  */
+	  if (TREE_CONSTANT (expr))
+	    {
+	      bool constant_p = true;
+
+	      /* Iterate through elements and check if all constructor
+		 elements are *_CSTs.  */
+	      FOR_EACH_CONSTRUCTOR_VALUE (e, ix, value)
+		if (!CONSTANT_CLASS_P (value))
+		  {
+		    constant_p = false;
+		    break;
+		  }
+
+	      if (constant_p)
+		return build_vector_from_ctor (type,
+					       CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expr));
+	    }
+
+	  /* Otherwise, build a regular vector constructor.  */
+	  vec_alloc (v, len);
+	  FOR_EACH_CONSTRUCTOR_VALUE (e, ix, value)
+	    {
+	      constructor_elt elt = {NULL_TREE, value};
+	      v->quick_push (elt);
+	    }
+	  expr = copy_node (expr);
+	  TREE_TYPE (expr) = type;
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expr) = v;
+	  return expr;
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF:
+      /* First retrieve the underlying array.  */
+      expr = maybe_unconstrained_array (expr);
+      etype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
+      ecode = TREE_CODE (etype);
+      break;
+
+    case VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR:
+      {
+	/* GCC 4.x is very sensitive to type consistency overall, and view
+	   conversions thus are very frequent.  Even though just "convert"ing
+	   the inner operand to the output type is fine in most cases, it
+	   might expose unexpected input/output type mismatches in special
+	   circumstances so we avoid such recursive calls when we can.  */
+	tree op0 = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
+
+	/* If we are converting back to the original type, we can just
+	   lift the input conversion.  This is a common occurrence with
+	   switches back-and-forth amongst type variants.  */
+	if (type == TREE_TYPE (op0))
+	  return op0;
+
+	/* Otherwise, if we're converting between two aggregate or vector
+	   types, we might be allowed to substitute the VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR
+	   target type in place or to just convert the inner expression.  */
+	if ((AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (type) && AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (etype))
+	    || (VECTOR_TYPE_P (type) && VECTOR_TYPE_P (etype)))
+	  {
+	    /* If we are converting between mere variants, we can just
+	       substitute the VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR in place.  */
+	    if (gnat_types_compatible_p (type, etype))
+	      return build1 (VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR, type, op0);
+
+	    /* Otherwise, we may just bypass the input view conversion unless
+	       one of the types is a fat pointer,  which is handled by
+	       specialized code below which relies on exact type matching.  */
+	    else if (!TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (type)
+		     && !TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (etype))
+	      return convert (type, op0);
+	  }
+
+	break;
+      }
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  /* Check for converting to a pointer to an unconstrained array.  */
+  if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (type) && !TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (etype))
+    return convert_to_fat_pointer (type, expr);
+
+  /* If we are converting between two aggregate or vector types that are mere
+     variants, just make a VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR.  Likewise when we are converting
+     to a vector type from its representative array type.  */
+  else if ((code == ecode
+	    && (AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (type) || VECTOR_TYPE_P (type))
+	    && gnat_types_compatible_p (type, etype))
+	   || (code == VECTOR_TYPE
+	       && ecode == ARRAY_TYPE
+	       && gnat_types_compatible_p (TYPE_REPRESENTATIVE_ARRAY (type),
+					   etype)))
+    return build1 (VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR, type, expr);
+
+  /* If we are converting between tagged types, try to upcast properly.  */
+  else if (ecode == RECORD_TYPE && code == RECORD_TYPE
+	   && TYPE_ALIGN_OK (etype) && TYPE_ALIGN_OK (type))
+    {
+      tree child_etype = etype;
+      do {
+	tree field = TYPE_FIELDS (child_etype);
+	if (DECL_NAME (field) == parent_name_id && TREE_TYPE (field) == type)
+	  return build_component_ref (expr, NULL_TREE, field, false);
+	child_etype = TREE_TYPE (field);
+      } while (TREE_CODE (child_etype) == RECORD_TYPE);
+    }
+
+  /* If we are converting from a smaller form of record type back to it, just
+     make a VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR.  But first pad the expression to have the same
+     size on both sides.  */
+  else if (ecode == RECORD_TYPE && code == RECORD_TYPE
+	   && smaller_form_type_p (etype, type))
+    {
+      expr = convert (maybe_pad_type (etype, TYPE_SIZE (type), 0, Empty,
+				      false, false, false, true),
+		      expr);
+      return build1 (VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR, type, expr);
+    }
+
+  /* In all other cases of related types, make a NOP_EXPR.  */
+  else if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type) == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (etype))
+    return fold_convert (type, expr);
+
+  switch (code)
+    {
+    case VOID_TYPE:
+      return fold_build1 (CONVERT_EXPR, type, expr);
+
+    case INTEGER_TYPE:
+      if (TYPE_HAS_ACTUAL_BOUNDS_P (type)
+	  && (ecode == ARRAY_TYPE || ecode == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE
+	      || (ecode == RECORD_TYPE && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (etype))))
+	return unchecked_convert (type, expr, false);
+      else if (TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (type))
+	return fold_convert (type,
+			     fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (type),
+					  convert (TREE_TYPE (type), expr),
+					  TYPE_MIN_VALUE (type)));
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
+    case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
+      /* If we are converting an additive expression to an integer type
+	 with lower precision, be wary of the optimization that can be
+	 applied by convert_to_integer.  There are 2 problematic cases:
+	   - if the first operand was originally of a biased type,
+	     because we could be recursively called to convert it
+	     to an intermediate type and thus rematerialize the
+	     additive operator endlessly,
+	   - if the expression contains a placeholder, because an
+	     intermediate conversion that changes the sign could
+	     be inserted and thus introduce an artificial overflow
+	     at compile time when the placeholder is substituted.  */
+      if (code == INTEGER_TYPE
+	  && ecode == INTEGER_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_PRECISION (type) < TYPE_PRECISION (etype)
+	  && (TREE_CODE (expr) == PLUS_EXPR || TREE_CODE (expr) == MINUS_EXPR))
+	{
+	  tree op0 = get_unwidened (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0), type);
+
+	  if ((TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (op0)) == INTEGER_TYPE
+	       && TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (TREE_TYPE (op0)))
+	      || CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (expr))
+	    return build1 (NOP_EXPR, type, expr);
+	}
+
+      return fold (convert_to_integer (type, expr));
+
+    case POINTER_TYPE:
+    case REFERENCE_TYPE:
+      /* If converting between two thin pointers, adjust if needed to account
+	 for differing offsets from the base pointer, depending on whether
+	 there is a TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY attached to the record type.  */
+      if (TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (etype) && TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (type))
+	{
+	  tree etype_pos
+	    = TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (TREE_TYPE (etype)) != NULL_TREE
+	      ? byte_position (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (etype))))
+	      : size_zero_node;
+	  tree type_pos
+	    = TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (TREE_TYPE (type)) != NULL_TREE
+	      ? byte_position (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (type))))
+	      : size_zero_node;
+	  tree byte_diff = size_diffop (type_pos, etype_pos);
+
+	  expr = build1 (NOP_EXPR, type, expr);
+	  if (integer_zerop (byte_diff))
+	    return expr;
+
+	  return build_binary_op (POINTER_PLUS_EXPR, type, expr,
+				  fold_convert (sizetype, byte_diff));
+	}
+
+      /* If converting fat pointer to normal or thin pointer, get the pointer
+	 to the array and then convert it.  */
+      if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (etype))
+	expr
+	  = build_component_ref (expr, NULL_TREE, TYPE_FIELDS (etype), false);
+
+      return fold (convert_to_pointer (type, expr));
+
+    case REAL_TYPE:
+      return fold (convert_to_real (type, expr));
+
+    case RECORD_TYPE:
+      if (TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (type) && !AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (etype))
+	{
+	  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+	  vec_alloc (v, 1);
+
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, TYPE_FIELDS (type),
+				  convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type)),
+					   expr));
+	  return gnat_build_constructor (type, v);
+	}
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case ARRAY_TYPE:
+      /* In these cases, assume the front-end has validated the conversion.
+	 If the conversion is valid, it will be a bit-wise conversion, so
+	 it can be viewed as an unchecked conversion.  */
+      return unchecked_convert (type, expr, false);
+
+    case UNION_TYPE:
+      /* This is a either a conversion between a tagged type and some
+	 subtype, which we have to mark as a UNION_TYPE because of
+	 overlapping fields or a conversion of an Unchecked_Union.  */
+      return unchecked_convert (type, expr, false);
+
+    case UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE:
+      /* If the input is a VECTOR_TYPE, convert to the representative
+	 array type first.  */
+      if (ecode == VECTOR_TYPE)
+	{
+	  expr = convert (TYPE_REPRESENTATIVE_ARRAY (etype), expr);
+	  etype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
+	  ecode = TREE_CODE (etype);
+	}
+
+      /* If EXPR is a constrained array, take its address, convert it to a
+	 fat pointer, and then dereference it.  Likewise if EXPR is a
+	 record containing both a template and a constrained array.
+	 Note that a record representing a justified modular type
+	 always represents a packed constrained array.  */
+      if (ecode == ARRAY_TYPE
+	  || (ecode == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_HAS_ACTUAL_BOUNDS_P (etype))
+	  || (ecode == RECORD_TYPE && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (etype))
+	  || (ecode == RECORD_TYPE && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (etype)))
+	return
+	  build_unary_op
+	    (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+	     convert_to_fat_pointer (TREE_TYPE (type),
+				     build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR,
+						     NULL_TREE, expr)));
+
+      /* Do something very similar for converting one unconstrained
+	 array to another.  */
+      else if (ecode == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+	return
+	  build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+			  convert (TREE_TYPE (type),
+				   build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR,
+						   NULL_TREE, expr)));
+      else
+	gcc_unreachable ();
+
+    case COMPLEX_TYPE:
+      return fold (convert_to_complex (type, expr));
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+}
+
+/* Create an expression whose value is that of EXPR converted to the common
+   index type, which is sizetype.  EXPR is supposed to be in the base type
+   of the GNAT index type.  Calling it is equivalent to doing
+
+     convert (sizetype, expr)
+
+   but we try to distribute the type conversion with the knowledge that EXPR
+   cannot overflow in its type.  This is a best-effort approach and we fall
+   back to the above expression as soon as difficulties are encountered.
+
+   This is necessary to overcome issues that arise when the GNAT base index
+   type and the GCC common index type (sizetype) don't have the same size,
+   which is quite frequent on 64-bit architectures.  In this case, and if
+   the GNAT base index type is signed but the iteration type of the loop has
+   been forced to unsigned, the loop scalar evolution engine cannot compute
+   a simple evolution for the general induction variables associated with the
+   array indices, because it will preserve the wrap-around semantics in the
+   unsigned type of their "inner" part.  As a result, many loop optimizations
+   are blocked.
+
+   The solution is to use a special (basic) induction variable that is at
+   least as large as sizetype, and to express the aforementioned general
+   induction variables in terms of this induction variable, eliminating
+   the problematic intermediate truncation to the GNAT base index type.
+   This is possible as long as the original expression doesn't overflow
+   and if the middle-end hasn't introduced artificial overflows in the
+   course of the various simplification it can make to the expression.  */
+
+tree
+convert_to_index_type (tree expr)
+{
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (expr);
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
+
+  /* If the type is unsigned, overflow is allowed so we cannot be sure that
+     EXPR doesn't overflow.  Keep it simple if optimization is disabled.  */
+  if (TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) || !optimize)
+    return convert (sizetype, expr);
+
+  switch (code)
+    {
+    case VAR_DECL:
+      /* The main effect of the function: replace a loop parameter with its
+	 associated special induction variable.  */
+      if (DECL_LOOP_PARM_P (expr) && DECL_INDUCTION_VAR (expr))
+	expr = DECL_INDUCTION_VAR (expr);
+      break;
+
+    CASE_CONVERT:
+      {
+	tree otype = TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0));
+	/* Bail out as soon as we suspect some sort of type frobbing.  */
+	if (TYPE_PRECISION (type) != TYPE_PRECISION (otype)
+	    || TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) != TYPE_UNSIGNED (otype))
+	  break;
+      }
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case NON_LVALUE_EXPR:
+      return fold_build1 (code, sizetype,
+			  convert_to_index_type (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0)));
+
+    case PLUS_EXPR:
+    case MINUS_EXPR:
+    case MULT_EXPR:
+      return fold_build2 (code, sizetype,
+			  convert_to_index_type (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0)),
+			  convert_to_index_type (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1)));
+
+    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
+      return fold_build2 (code, sizetype, TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0),
+			  convert_to_index_type (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1)));
+
+    case COND_EXPR:
+      return fold_build3 (code, sizetype, TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0),
+			  convert_to_index_type (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1)),
+			  convert_to_index_type (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 2)));
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  return convert (sizetype, expr);
+}
+
+/* Remove all conversions that are done in EXP.  This includes converting
+   from a padded type or to a justified modular type.  If TRUE_ADDRESS
+   is true, always return the address of the containing object even if
+   the address is not bit-aligned.  */
+
+tree
+remove_conversions (tree exp, bool true_address)
+{
+  switch (TREE_CODE (exp))
+    {
+    case CONSTRUCTOR:
+      if (true_address
+	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (exp)) == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (TREE_TYPE (exp)))
+	return
+	  remove_conversions ((*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (exp))[0].value, true);
+      break;
+
+    case COMPONENT_REF:
+      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0))))
+	return remove_conversions (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0), true_address);
+      break;
+
+    CASE_CONVERT:
+    case VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR:
+    case NON_LVALUE_EXPR:
+      return remove_conversions (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0), true_address);
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  return exp;
+}
+
+/* If EXP's type is an UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE, return an expression that
+   refers to the underlying array.  If it has TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P,
+   likewise return an expression pointing to the underlying array.  */
+
+tree
+maybe_unconstrained_array (tree exp)
+{
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (exp);
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE (type))
+    {
+    case UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE:
+      if (code == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF)
+	{
+	  const bool read_only = TREE_READONLY (exp);
+	  const bool no_trap = TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (exp);
+
+	  exp = TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0);
+	  type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (exp) == COND_EXPR)
+	    {
+	      tree op1
+		= build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+				  build_component_ref (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1),
+						       NULL_TREE,
+						       TYPE_FIELDS (type),
+						       false));
+	      tree op2
+		= build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+				  build_component_ref (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 2),
+						       NULL_TREE,
+						       TYPE_FIELDS (type),
+						       false));
+
+	      exp = build3 (COND_EXPR,
+			    TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type))),
+			    TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0), op1, op2);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      exp = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+				    build_component_ref (exp, NULL_TREE,
+						         TYPE_FIELDS (type),
+						         false));
+	      TREE_READONLY (exp) = read_only;
+	      TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (exp) = no_trap;
+	    }
+	}
+
+      else if (code == NULL_EXPR)
+	exp = build1 (NULL_EXPR,
+		      TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (type)))),
+		      TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0));
+      break;
+
+    case RECORD_TYPE:
+      /* If this is a padded type and it contains a template, convert to the
+	 unpadded type first.  */
+      if (TYPE_PADDING_P (type)
+	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type))) == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type))))
+	{
+	  exp = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type)), exp);
+	  type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
+	}
+
+      if (TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (type))
+	{
+	  exp = build_component_ref (exp, NULL_TREE,
+				     DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (type)),
+				     false);
+	  type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
+
+	  /* If the array type is padded, convert to the unpadded type.  */
+	  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (type))
+	    exp = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type)), exp);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  return exp;
+}
+
+/* Return true if EXPR is an expression that can be folded as an operand
+   of a VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR.  See ada-tree.h for a complete rationale.  */
+
+static bool
+can_fold_for_view_convert_p (tree expr)
+{
+  tree t1, t2;
+
+  /* The folder will fold NOP_EXPRs between integral types with the same
+     precision (in the middle-end's sense).  We cannot allow it if the
+     types don't have the same precision in the Ada sense as well.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (expr) != NOP_EXPR)
+    return true;
+
+  t1 = TREE_TYPE (expr);
+  t2 = TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0));
+
+  /* Defer to the folder for non-integral conversions.  */
+  if (!(INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (t1) && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (t2)))
+    return true;
+
+  /* Only fold conversions that preserve both precisions.  */
+  if (TYPE_PRECISION (t1) == TYPE_PRECISION (t2)
+      && operand_equal_p (rm_size (t1), rm_size (t2), 0))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return an expression that does an unchecked conversion of EXPR to TYPE.
+   If NOTRUNC_P is true, truncation operations should be suppressed.
+
+   Special care is required with (source or target) integral types whose
+   precision is not equal to their size, to make sure we fetch or assign
+   the value bits whose location might depend on the endianness, e.g.
+
+     Rmsize : constant := 8;
+     subtype Int is Integer range 0 .. 2 ** Rmsize - 1;
+
+     type Bit_Array is array (1 .. Rmsize) of Boolean;
+     pragma Pack (Bit_Array);
+
+     function To_Bit_Array is new Unchecked_Conversion (Int, Bit_Array);
+
+     Value : Int := 2#1000_0001#;
+     Vbits : Bit_Array := To_Bit_Array (Value);
+
+   we expect the 8 bits at Vbits'Address to always contain Value, while
+   their original location depends on the endianness, at Value'Address
+   on a little-endian architecture but not on a big-endian one.  */
+
+tree
+unchecked_convert (tree type, tree expr, bool notrunc_p)
+{
+  tree etype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
+  enum tree_code ecode = TREE_CODE (etype);
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (type);
+  int c;
+
+  /* If the expression is already of the right type, we are done.  */
+  if (etype == type)
+    return expr;
+
+  /* If both types types are integral just do a normal conversion.
+     Likewise for a conversion to an unconstrained array.  */
+  if ((((INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type)
+	 && !(code == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_VAX_FLOATING_POINT_P (type)))
+	|| (POINTER_TYPE_P (type) && !TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (type))
+	|| (code == RECORD_TYPE && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (type)))
+       && ((INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (etype)
+	    && !(ecode == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_VAX_FLOATING_POINT_P (etype)))
+	   || (POINTER_TYPE_P (etype) && !TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (etype))
+	   || (ecode == RECORD_TYPE && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (etype))))
+      || code == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+    {
+      if (ecode == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (etype))
+	{
+	  tree ntype = copy_type (etype);
+	  TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (ntype) = 0;
+	  TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (ntype) = ntype;
+	  expr = build1 (NOP_EXPR, ntype, expr);
+	}
+
+      if (code == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (type))
+	{
+	  tree rtype = copy_type (type);
+	  TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (rtype) = 0;
+	  TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (rtype) = rtype;
+	  expr = convert (rtype, expr);
+	  expr = build1 (NOP_EXPR, type, expr);
+	}
+      else
+	expr = convert (type, expr);
+    }
+
+  /* If we are converting to an integral type whose precision is not equal
+     to its size, first unchecked convert to a record type that contains an
+     field of the given precision.  Then extract the field.  */
+  else if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type)
+	   && TYPE_RM_SIZE (type)
+	   && 0 != compare_tree_int (TYPE_RM_SIZE (type),
+				     GET_MODE_BITSIZE (TYPE_MODE (type))))
+    {
+      tree rec_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT prec = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (TYPE_RM_SIZE (type));
+      tree field_type, field;
+
+      if (TYPE_UNSIGNED (type))
+	field_type = make_unsigned_type (prec);
+      else
+	field_type = make_signed_type (prec);
+      SET_TYPE_RM_SIZE (field_type, TYPE_RM_SIZE (type));
+
+      field = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("OBJ"), field_type, rec_type,
+				 NULL_TREE, bitsize_zero_node, 1, 0);
+
+      finish_record_type (rec_type, field, 1, false);
+
+      expr = unchecked_convert (rec_type, expr, notrunc_p);
+      expr = build_component_ref (expr, NULL_TREE, field, false);
+      expr = fold_build1 (NOP_EXPR, type, expr);
+    }
+
+  /* Similarly if we are converting from an integral type whose precision is
+     not equal to its size, first copy into a field of the given precision
+     and unchecked convert the record type.  */
+  else if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (etype)
+	   && TYPE_RM_SIZE (etype)
+	   && 0 != compare_tree_int (TYPE_RM_SIZE (etype),
+				     GET_MODE_BITSIZE (TYPE_MODE (etype))))
+    {
+      tree rec_type = make_node (RECORD_TYPE);
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT prec = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (TYPE_RM_SIZE (etype));
+      vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+      vec_alloc (v, 1);
+      tree field_type, field;
+
+      if (TYPE_UNSIGNED (etype))
+	field_type = make_unsigned_type (prec);
+      else
+	field_type = make_signed_type (prec);
+      SET_TYPE_RM_SIZE (field_type, TYPE_RM_SIZE (etype));
+
+      field = create_field_decl (get_identifier ("OBJ"), field_type, rec_type,
+				 NULL_TREE, bitsize_zero_node, 1, 0);
+
+      finish_record_type (rec_type, field, 1, false);
+
+      expr = fold_build1 (NOP_EXPR, field_type, expr);
+      CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, field, expr);
+      expr = gnat_build_constructor (rec_type, v);
+      expr = unchecked_convert (type, expr, notrunc_p);
+    }
+
+  /* If we are converting from a scalar type to a type with a different size,
+     we need to pad to have the same size on both sides.
+
+     ??? We cannot do it unconditionally because unchecked conversions are
+     used liberally by the front-end to implement polymorphism, e.g. in:
+
+       S191s : constant ada__tags__addr_ptr := ada__tags__addr_ptr!(S190s);
+       return p___size__4 (p__object!(S191s.all));
+
+     so we skip all expressions that are references.  */
+  else if (!REFERENCE_CLASS_P (expr)
+	   && !AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (etype)
+	   && TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (type)) == INTEGER_CST
+	   && (c = tree_int_cst_compare (TYPE_SIZE (etype), TYPE_SIZE (type))))
+    {
+      if (c < 0)
+	{
+	  expr = convert (maybe_pad_type (etype, TYPE_SIZE (type), 0, Empty,
+					  false, false, false, true),
+			  expr);
+	  expr = unchecked_convert (type, expr, notrunc_p);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  tree rec_type = maybe_pad_type (type, TYPE_SIZE (etype), 0, Empty,
+					  false, false, false, true);
+	  expr = unchecked_convert (rec_type, expr, notrunc_p);
+	  expr = build_component_ref (expr, NULL_TREE, TYPE_FIELDS (rec_type),
+				      false);
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* We have a special case when we are converting between two unconstrained
+     array types.  In that case, take the address, convert the fat pointer
+     types, and dereference.  */
+  else if (ecode == code && code == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+    expr = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+			   build1 (VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (type),
+				   build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+						   expr)));
+
+  /* Another special case is when we are converting to a vector type from its
+     representative array type; this a regular conversion.  */
+  else if (code == VECTOR_TYPE
+	   && ecode == ARRAY_TYPE
+	   && gnat_types_compatible_p (TYPE_REPRESENTATIVE_ARRAY (type),
+				       etype))
+    expr = convert (type, expr);
+
+  /* If we are converting a CONSTRUCTOR to a more aligned RECORD_TYPE, bump
+     the alignment of the CONSTRUCTOR to speed up the copy operation.  */
+  else if (TREE_CODE (expr) == CONSTRUCTOR
+	   && code == RECORD_TYPE
+	   && TYPE_ALIGN (etype) < TYPE_ALIGN (type))
+    {
+      expr = convert (maybe_pad_type (etype, NULL_TREE, TYPE_ALIGN (type),
+				      Empty, false, false, false, true),
+		      expr);
+      return unchecked_convert (type, expr, notrunc_p);
+    }
+
+  /* Otherwise, just build a VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR of the expression.  */
+  else
+    {
+      expr = maybe_unconstrained_array (expr);
+      etype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
+      ecode = TREE_CODE (etype);
+      if (can_fold_for_view_convert_p (expr))
+	expr = fold_build1 (VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR, type, expr);
+      else
+	expr = build1 (VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR, type, expr);
+    }
+
+  /* If the result is an integral type whose precision is not equal to its
+     size, sign- or zero-extend the result.  We need not do this if the input
+     is an integral type of the same precision and signedness or if the output
+     is a biased type or if both the input and output are unsigned.  */
+  if (!notrunc_p
+      && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type) && TYPE_RM_SIZE (type)
+      && !(code == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_BIASED_REPRESENTATION_P (type))
+      && 0 != compare_tree_int (TYPE_RM_SIZE (type),
+				GET_MODE_BITSIZE (TYPE_MODE (type)))
+      && !(INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (etype)
+	   && TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) == TYPE_UNSIGNED (etype)
+	   && operand_equal_p (TYPE_RM_SIZE (type),
+			       (TYPE_RM_SIZE (etype) != 0
+				? TYPE_RM_SIZE (etype) : TYPE_SIZE (etype)),
+			       0))
+      && !(TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) && TYPE_UNSIGNED (etype)))
+    {
+      tree base_type
+	= gnat_type_for_mode (TYPE_MODE (type), TYPE_UNSIGNED (type));
+      tree shift_expr
+	= convert (base_type,
+		   size_binop (MINUS_EXPR,
+			       bitsize_int
+			       (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (TYPE_MODE (type))),
+			       TYPE_RM_SIZE (type)));
+      expr
+	= convert (type,
+		   build_binary_op (RSHIFT_EXPR, base_type,
+				    build_binary_op (LSHIFT_EXPR, base_type,
+						     convert (base_type, expr),
+						     shift_expr),
+				    shift_expr));
+    }
+
+  /* An unchecked conversion should never raise Constraint_Error.  The code
+     below assumes that GCC's conversion routines overflow the same way that
+     the underlying hardware does.  This is probably true.  In the rare case
+     when it is false, we can rely on the fact that such conversions are
+     erroneous anyway.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == INTEGER_CST)
+    TREE_OVERFLOW (expr) = 0;
+
+  /* If the sizes of the types differ and this is an VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR,
+     show no longer constant.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR
+      && !operand_equal_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type), TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (etype),
+			   OEP_ONLY_CONST))
+    TREE_CONSTANT (expr) = 0;
+
+  return expr;
+}
+
+/* Return the appropriate GCC tree code for the specified GNAT_TYPE,
+   the latter being a record type as predicated by Is_Record_Type.  */
+
+enum tree_code
+tree_code_for_record_type (Entity_Id gnat_type)
+{
+  Node_Id component_list, component;
+
+  /* Return UNION_TYPE if it's an Unchecked_Union whose non-discriminant
+     fields are all in the variant part.  Otherwise, return RECORD_TYPE.  */
+  if (!Is_Unchecked_Union (gnat_type))
+    return RECORD_TYPE;
+
+  gnat_type = Implementation_Base_Type (gnat_type);
+  component_list
+    = Component_List (Type_Definition (Declaration_Node (gnat_type)));
+
+  for (component = First_Non_Pragma (Component_Items (component_list));
+       Present (component);
+       component = Next_Non_Pragma (component))
+    if (Ekind (Defining_Entity (component)) == E_Component)
+      return RECORD_TYPE;
+
+  return UNION_TYPE;
+}
+
+/* Return true if GNAT_TYPE is a "double" floating-point type, i.e. whose
+   size is equal to 64 bits, or an array of such a type.  Set ALIGN_CLAUSE
+   according to the presence of an alignment clause on the type or, if it
+   is an array, on the component type.  */
+
+bool
+is_double_float_or_array (Entity_Id gnat_type, bool *align_clause)
+{
+  gnat_type = Underlying_Type (gnat_type);
+
+  *align_clause = Present (Alignment_Clause (gnat_type));
+
+  if (Is_Array_Type (gnat_type))
+    {
+      gnat_type = Underlying_Type (Component_Type (gnat_type));
+      if (Present (Alignment_Clause (gnat_type)))
+	*align_clause = true;
+    }
+
+  if (!Is_Floating_Point_Type (gnat_type))
+    return false;
+
+  if (UI_To_Int (Esize (gnat_type)) != 64)
+    return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Return true if GNAT_TYPE is a "double" or larger scalar type, i.e. whose
+   size is greater or equal to 64 bits, or an array of such a type.  Set
+   ALIGN_CLAUSE according to the presence of an alignment clause on the
+   type or, if it is an array, on the component type.  */
+
+bool
+is_double_scalar_or_array (Entity_Id gnat_type, bool *align_clause)
+{
+  gnat_type = Underlying_Type (gnat_type);
+
+  *align_clause = Present (Alignment_Clause (gnat_type));
+
+  if (Is_Array_Type (gnat_type))
+    {
+      gnat_type = Underlying_Type (Component_Type (gnat_type));
+      if (Present (Alignment_Clause (gnat_type)))
+	*align_clause = true;
+    }
+
+  if (!Is_Scalar_Type (gnat_type))
+    return false;
+
+  if (UI_To_Int (Esize (gnat_type)) < 64)
+    return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Return true if GNU_TYPE is suitable as the type of a non-aliased
+   component of an aggregate type.  */
+
+bool
+type_for_nonaliased_component_p (tree gnu_type)
+{
+  /* If the type is passed by reference, we may have pointers to the
+     component so it cannot be made non-aliased. */
+  if (must_pass_by_ref (gnu_type) || default_pass_by_ref (gnu_type))
+    return false;
+
+  /* We used to say that any component of aggregate type is aliased
+     because the front-end may take 'Reference of it.  The front-end
+     has been enhanced in the meantime so as to use a renaming instead
+     in most cases, but the back-end can probably take the address of
+     such a component too so we go for the conservative stance.
+
+     For instance, we might need the address of any array type, even
+     if normally passed by copy, to construct a fat pointer if the
+     component is used as an actual for an unconstrained formal.
+
+     Likewise for record types: even if a specific record subtype is
+     passed by copy, the parent type might be passed by ref (e.g. if
+     it's of variable size) and we might take the address of a child
+     component to pass to a parent formal.  We have no way to check
+     for such conditions here.  */
+  if (AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (gnu_type))
+    return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Return true if TYPE is a smaller form of ORIG_TYPE.  */
+
+bool
+smaller_form_type_p (tree type, tree orig_type)
+{
+  tree size, osize;
+
+  /* We're not interested in variants here.  */
+  if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type) == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (orig_type))
+    return false;
+
+  /* Like a variant, a packable version keeps the original TYPE_NAME.  */
+  if (TYPE_NAME (type) != TYPE_NAME (orig_type))
+    return false;
+
+  size = TYPE_SIZE (type);
+  osize = TYPE_SIZE (orig_type);
+
+  if (!(TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST && TREE_CODE (osize) == INTEGER_CST))
+    return false;
+
+  return tree_int_cst_lt (size, osize) != 0;
+}
+
+/* Perform final processing on global variables.  */
+
+static GTY (()) tree dummy_global;
+
+void
+gnat_write_global_declarations (void)
+{
+  unsigned int i;
+  tree iter;
+
+  /* If we have declared types as used at the global level, insert them in
+     the global hash table.  We use a dummy variable for this purpose.  */
+  if (types_used_by_cur_var_decl && !types_used_by_cur_var_decl->is_empty ())
+    {
+      struct varpool_node *node;
+      char *label;
+
+      ASM_FORMAT_PRIVATE_NAME (label, first_global_object_name, 0);
+      dummy_global
+	= build_decl (BUILTINS_LOCATION, VAR_DECL, get_identifier (label),
+		      void_type_node);
+      TREE_STATIC (dummy_global) = 1;
+      TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (dummy_global) = 1;
+      node = varpool_node_for_decl (dummy_global);
+      node->force_output = 1;
+
+      while (!types_used_by_cur_var_decl->is_empty ())
+	{
+	  tree t = types_used_by_cur_var_decl->pop ();
+	  types_used_by_var_decl_insert (t, dummy_global);
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Output debug information for all global type declarations first.  This
+     ensures that global types whose compilation hasn't been finalized yet,
+     for example pointers to Taft amendment types, have their compilation
+     finalized in the right context.  */
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_SAFE_ELT (global_decls, i, iter)
+    if (TREE_CODE (iter) == TYPE_DECL)
+      debug_hooks->global_decl (iter);
+
+  /* Proceed to optimize and emit assembly. */
+  finalize_compilation_unit ();
+
+  /* After cgraph has had a chance to emit everything that's going to
+     be emitted, output debug information for the rest of globals.  */
+  if (!seen_error ())
+    {
+      timevar_push (TV_SYMOUT);
+      FOR_EACH_VEC_SAFE_ELT (global_decls, i, iter)
+	if (TREE_CODE (iter) != TYPE_DECL)
+	  debug_hooks->global_decl (iter);
+      timevar_pop (TV_SYMOUT);
+    }
+}
+
+/* ************************************************************************
+ * *                           GCC builtins support                       *
+ * ************************************************************************ */
+
+/* The general scheme is fairly simple:
+
+   For each builtin function/type to be declared, gnat_install_builtins calls
+   internal facilities which eventually get to gnat_push_decl, which in turn
+   tracks the so declared builtin function decls in the 'builtin_decls' global
+   datastructure. When an Intrinsic subprogram declaration is processed, we
+   search this global datastructure to retrieve the associated BUILT_IN DECL
+   node.  */
+
+/* Search the chain of currently available builtin declarations for a node
+   corresponding to function NAME (an IDENTIFIER_NODE).  Return the first node
+   found, if any, or NULL_TREE otherwise.  */
+tree
+builtin_decl_for (tree name)
+{
+  unsigned i;
+  tree decl;
+
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_SAFE_ELT (builtin_decls, i, decl)
+    if (DECL_NAME (decl) == name)
+      return decl;
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* The code below eventually exposes gnat_install_builtins, which declares
+   the builtin types and functions we might need, either internally or as
+   user accessible facilities.
+
+   ??? This is a first implementation shot, still in rough shape.  It is
+   heavily inspired from the "C" family implementation, with chunks copied
+   verbatim from there.
+
+   Two obvious TODO candidates are
+   o Use a more efficient name/decl mapping scheme
+   o Devise a middle-end infrastructure to avoid having to copy
+     pieces between front-ends.  */
+
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- *
+ *                         BUILTIN ELEMENTARY TYPES                        *
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Standard data types to be used in builtin argument declarations.  */
+
+enum c_tree_index
+{
+    CTI_SIGNED_SIZE_TYPE, /* For format checking only.  */
+    CTI_STRING_TYPE,
+    CTI_CONST_STRING_TYPE,
+
+    CTI_MAX
+};
+
+static tree c_global_trees[CTI_MAX];
+
+#define signed_size_type_node	c_global_trees[CTI_SIGNED_SIZE_TYPE]
+#define string_type_node	c_global_trees[CTI_STRING_TYPE]
+#define const_string_type_node	c_global_trees[CTI_CONST_STRING_TYPE]
+
+/* ??? In addition some attribute handlers, we currently don't support a
+   (small) number of builtin-types, which in turns inhibits support for a
+   number of builtin functions.  */
+#define wint_type_node    void_type_node
+#define intmax_type_node  void_type_node
+#define uintmax_type_node void_type_node
+
+/* Build the void_list_node (void_type_node having been created).  */
+
+static tree
+build_void_list_node (void)
+{
+  tree t = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, void_type_node);
+  return t;
+}
+
+/* Used to help initialize the builtin-types.def table.  When a type of
+   the correct size doesn't exist, use error_mark_node instead of NULL.
+   The later results in segfaults even when a decl using the type doesn't
+   get invoked.  */
+
+static tree
+builtin_type_for_size (int size, bool unsignedp)
+{
+  tree type = gnat_type_for_size (size, unsignedp);
+  return type ? type : error_mark_node;
+}
+
+/* Build/push the elementary type decls that builtin functions/types
+   will need.  */
+
+static void
+install_builtin_elementary_types (void)
+{
+  signed_size_type_node = gnat_signed_type (size_type_node);
+  pid_type_node = integer_type_node;
+  void_list_node = build_void_list_node ();
+
+  string_type_node = build_pointer_type (char_type_node);
+  const_string_type_node
+    = build_pointer_type (build_qualified_type
+			  (char_type_node, TYPE_QUAL_CONST));
+}
+
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- *
+ *                          BUILTIN FUNCTION TYPES                         *
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Now, builtin function types per se.  */
+
+enum c_builtin_type
+{
+#define DEF_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(NAME, VALUE) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_0(NAME, RETURN) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_1(NAME, RETURN, ARG1) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_2(NAME, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_3(NAME, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_4(NAME, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_5(NAME, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_6(NAME, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, ARG6) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_7(NAME, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, ARG6, ARG7) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_8(NAME, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, ARG6, ARG7, ARG8) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_0(NAME, RETURN) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_1(NAME, RETURN, ARG1) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_2(NAME, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_3(NAME, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_4(NAME, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4) NAME,
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_5(NAME, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG6) \
+  NAME,
+#define DEF_POINTER_TYPE(NAME, TYPE) NAME,
+#include "builtin-types.def"
+#undef DEF_PRIMITIVE_TYPE
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_0
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_1
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_2
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_3
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_4
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_5
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_6
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_7
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_8
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_0
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_1
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_2
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_3
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_4
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_5
+#undef DEF_POINTER_TYPE
+  BT_LAST
+};
+
+typedef enum c_builtin_type builtin_type;
+
+/* A temporary array used in communication with def_fn_type.  */
+static GTY(()) tree builtin_types[(int) BT_LAST + 1];
+
+/* A helper function for install_builtin_types.  Build function type
+   for DEF with return type RET and N arguments.  If VAR is true, then the
+   function should be variadic after those N arguments.
+
+   Takes special care not to ICE if any of the types involved are
+   error_mark_node, which indicates that said type is not in fact available
+   (see builtin_type_for_size).  In which case the function type as a whole
+   should be error_mark_node.  */
+
+static void
+def_fn_type (builtin_type def, builtin_type ret, bool var, int n, ...)
+{
+  tree t;
+  tree *args = XALLOCAVEC (tree, n);
+  va_list list;
+  int i;
+
+  va_start (list, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+    {
+      builtin_type a = (builtin_type) va_arg (list, int);
+      t = builtin_types[a];
+      if (t == error_mark_node)
+	goto egress;
+      args[i] = t;
+    }
+
+  t = builtin_types[ret];
+  if (t == error_mark_node)
+    goto egress;
+  if (var)
+    t = build_varargs_function_type_array (t, n, args);
+  else
+    t = build_function_type_array (t, n, args);
+
+ egress:
+  builtin_types[def] = t;
+  va_end (list);
+}
+
+/* Build the builtin function types and install them in the builtin_types
+   array for later use in builtin function decls.  */
+
+static void
+install_builtin_function_types (void)
+{
+  tree va_list_ref_type_node;
+  tree va_list_arg_type_node;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (va_list_type_node) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+    {
+      va_list_arg_type_node = va_list_ref_type_node =
+	build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (va_list_type_node));
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      va_list_arg_type_node = va_list_type_node;
+      va_list_ref_type_node = build_reference_type (va_list_type_node);
+    }
+
+#define DEF_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(ENUM, VALUE) \
+  builtin_types[ENUM] = VALUE;
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_0(ENUM, RETURN) \
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 0, 0);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_1(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1) \
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 0, 1, ARG1);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_2(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2) \
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 0, 2, ARG1, ARG2);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_3(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3) \
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 0, 3, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_4(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4) \
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 0, 4, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_5(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5)	\
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 0, 5, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_6(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, \
+			    ARG6)					\
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 0, 6, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, ARG6);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_7(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, \
+			    ARG6, ARG7)					\
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 0, 7, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, ARG6, ARG7);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_8(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, \
+			    ARG6, ARG7, ARG8)				\
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 0, 8, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, ARG6,	\
+	       ARG7, ARG8);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_0(ENUM, RETURN) \
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 1, 0);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_1(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1) \
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 1, 1, ARG1);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_2(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2) \
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 1, 2, ARG1, ARG2);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_3(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3) \
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 1, 3, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_4(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4) \
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 1, 4, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4);
+#define DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_5(ENUM, RETURN, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5) \
+  def_fn_type (ENUM, RETURN, 1, 5, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5);
+#define DEF_POINTER_TYPE(ENUM, TYPE) \
+  builtin_types[(int) ENUM] = build_pointer_type (builtin_types[(int) TYPE]);
+
+#include "builtin-types.def"
+
+#undef DEF_PRIMITIVE_TYPE
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_1
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_2
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_3
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_4
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_5
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_6
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_0
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_1
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_2
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_3
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_4
+#undef DEF_FUNCTION_TYPE_VAR_5
+#undef DEF_POINTER_TYPE
+  builtin_types[(int) BT_LAST] = NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- *
+ *                            BUILTIN ATTRIBUTES                           *
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+enum built_in_attribute
+{
+#define DEF_ATTR_NULL_TREE(ENUM) ENUM,
+#define DEF_ATTR_INT(ENUM, VALUE) ENUM,
+#define DEF_ATTR_STRING(ENUM, VALUE) ENUM,
+#define DEF_ATTR_IDENT(ENUM, STRING) ENUM,
+#define DEF_ATTR_TREE_LIST(ENUM, PURPOSE, VALUE, CHAIN) ENUM,
+#include "builtin-attrs.def"
+#undef DEF_ATTR_NULL_TREE
+#undef DEF_ATTR_INT
+#undef DEF_ATTR_STRING
+#undef DEF_ATTR_IDENT
+#undef DEF_ATTR_TREE_LIST
+  ATTR_LAST
+};
+
+static GTY(()) tree built_in_attributes[(int) ATTR_LAST];
+
+static void
+install_builtin_attributes (void)
+{
+  /* Fill in the built_in_attributes array.  */
+#define DEF_ATTR_NULL_TREE(ENUM)				\
+  built_in_attributes[(int) ENUM] = NULL_TREE;
+#define DEF_ATTR_INT(ENUM, VALUE)				\
+  built_in_attributes[(int) ENUM] = build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, VALUE);
+#define DEF_ATTR_STRING(ENUM, VALUE)				\
+  built_in_attributes[(int) ENUM] = build_string (strlen (VALUE), VALUE);
+#define DEF_ATTR_IDENT(ENUM, STRING)				\
+  built_in_attributes[(int) ENUM] = get_identifier (STRING);
+#define DEF_ATTR_TREE_LIST(ENUM, PURPOSE, VALUE, CHAIN)	\
+  built_in_attributes[(int) ENUM]			\
+    = tree_cons (built_in_attributes[(int) PURPOSE],	\
+		 built_in_attributes[(int) VALUE],	\
+		 built_in_attributes[(int) CHAIN]);
+#include "builtin-attrs.def"
+#undef DEF_ATTR_NULL_TREE
+#undef DEF_ATTR_INT
+#undef DEF_ATTR_STRING
+#undef DEF_ATTR_IDENT
+#undef DEF_ATTR_TREE_LIST
+}
+
+/* Handle a "const" attribute; arguments as in
+   struct attribute_spec.handler.  */
+
+static tree
+handle_const_attribute (tree *node, tree ARG_UNUSED (name),
+			tree ARG_UNUSED (args), int ARG_UNUSED (flags),
+			bool *no_add_attrs)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (*node) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    TREE_READONLY (*node) = 1;
+  else
+    *no_add_attrs = true;
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Handle a "nothrow" attribute; arguments as in
+   struct attribute_spec.handler.  */
+
+static tree
+handle_nothrow_attribute (tree *node, tree ARG_UNUSED (name),
+			  tree ARG_UNUSED (args), int ARG_UNUSED (flags),
+			  bool *no_add_attrs)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (*node) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    TREE_NOTHROW (*node) = 1;
+  else
+    *no_add_attrs = true;
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Handle a "pure" attribute; arguments as in
+   struct attribute_spec.handler.  */
+
+static tree
+handle_pure_attribute (tree *node, tree name, tree ARG_UNUSED (args),
+		       int ARG_UNUSED (flags), bool *no_add_attrs)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (*node) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    DECL_PURE_P (*node) = 1;
+  /* ??? TODO: Support types.  */
+  else
+    {
+      warning (OPT_Wattributes, "%qs attribute ignored",
+	       IDENTIFIER_POINTER (name));
+      *no_add_attrs = true;
+    }
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Handle a "no vops" attribute; arguments as in
+   struct attribute_spec.handler.  */
+
+static tree
+handle_novops_attribute (tree *node, tree ARG_UNUSED (name),
+			 tree ARG_UNUSED (args), int ARG_UNUSED (flags),
+			 bool *ARG_UNUSED (no_add_attrs))
+{
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (*node) == FUNCTION_DECL);
+  DECL_IS_NOVOPS (*node) = 1;
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Helper for nonnull attribute handling; fetch the operand number
+   from the attribute argument list.  */
+
+static bool
+get_nonnull_operand (tree arg_num_expr, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT *valp)
+{
+  /* Verify the arg number is a constant.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (arg_num_expr) != INTEGER_CST
+      || TREE_INT_CST_HIGH (arg_num_expr) != 0)
+    return false;
+
+  *valp = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (arg_num_expr);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Handle the "nonnull" attribute.  */
+static tree
+handle_nonnull_attribute (tree *node, tree ARG_UNUSED (name),
+			  tree args, int ARG_UNUSED (flags),
+			  bool *no_add_attrs)
+{
+  tree type = *node;
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT attr_arg_num;
+
+  /* If no arguments are specified, all pointer arguments should be
+     non-null.  Verify a full prototype is given so that the arguments
+     will have the correct types when we actually check them later.  */
+  if (!args)
+    {
+      if (!prototype_p (type))
+	{
+	  error ("nonnull attribute without arguments on a non-prototype");
+	  *no_add_attrs = true;
+	}
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  /* Argument list specified.  Verify that each argument number references
+     a pointer argument.  */
+  for (attr_arg_num = 1; args; args = TREE_CHAIN (args))
+    {
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT arg_num = 0, ck_num;
+
+      if (!get_nonnull_operand (TREE_VALUE (args), &arg_num))
+	{
+	  error ("nonnull argument has invalid operand number (argument %lu)",
+		 (unsigned long) attr_arg_num);
+	  *no_add_attrs = true;
+	  return NULL_TREE;
+	}
+
+      if (prototype_p (type))
+	{
+	  function_args_iterator iter;
+	  tree argument;
+
+	  function_args_iter_init (&iter, type);
+	  for (ck_num = 1; ; ck_num++, function_args_iter_next (&iter))
+	    {
+	      argument = function_args_iter_cond (&iter);
+	      if (!argument || ck_num == arg_num)
+		break;
+	    }
+
+	  if (!argument
+	      || TREE_CODE (argument) == VOID_TYPE)
+	    {
+	      error ("nonnull argument with out-of-range operand number "
+		     "(argument %lu, operand %lu)",
+		     (unsigned long) attr_arg_num, (unsigned long) arg_num);
+	      *no_add_attrs = true;
+	      return NULL_TREE;
+	    }
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (argument) != POINTER_TYPE)
+	    {
+	      error ("nonnull argument references non-pointer operand "
+		     "(argument %lu, operand %lu)",
+		   (unsigned long) attr_arg_num, (unsigned long) arg_num);
+	      *no_add_attrs = true;
+	      return NULL_TREE;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Handle a "sentinel" attribute.  */
+
+static tree
+handle_sentinel_attribute (tree *node, tree name, tree args,
+			   int ARG_UNUSED (flags), bool *no_add_attrs)
+{
+  if (!prototype_p (*node))
+    {
+      warning (OPT_Wattributes,
+	       "%qs attribute requires prototypes with named arguments",
+	       IDENTIFIER_POINTER (name));
+      *no_add_attrs = true;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      if (!stdarg_p (*node))
+        {
+	  warning (OPT_Wattributes,
+		   "%qs attribute only applies to variadic functions",
+		   IDENTIFIER_POINTER (name));
+	  *no_add_attrs = true;
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (args)
+    {
+      tree position = TREE_VALUE (args);
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (position) != INTEGER_CST)
+        {
+	  warning (0, "requested position is not an integer constant");
+	  *no_add_attrs = true;
+	}
+      else
+        {
+	  if (tree_int_cst_lt (position, integer_zero_node))
+	    {
+	      warning (0, "requested position is less than zero");
+	      *no_add_attrs = true;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Handle a "noreturn" attribute; arguments as in
+   struct attribute_spec.handler.  */
+
+static tree
+handle_noreturn_attribute (tree *node, tree name, tree ARG_UNUSED (args),
+			   int ARG_UNUSED (flags), bool *no_add_attrs)
+{
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (*node);
+
+  /* See FIXME comment in c_common_attribute_table.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (*node) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (*node) = 1;
+  else if (TREE_CODE (type) == POINTER_TYPE
+	   && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type)) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
+    TREE_TYPE (*node)
+      = build_pointer_type
+	(build_type_variant (TREE_TYPE (type),
+			     TYPE_READONLY (TREE_TYPE (type)), 1));
+  else
+    {
+      warning (OPT_Wattributes, "%qs attribute ignored",
+	       IDENTIFIER_POINTER (name));
+      *no_add_attrs = true;
+    }
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Handle a "leaf" attribute; arguments as in
+   struct attribute_spec.handler.  */
+
+static tree
+handle_leaf_attribute (tree *node, tree name,
+		       tree ARG_UNUSED (args),
+		       int ARG_UNUSED (flags), bool *no_add_attrs)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (*node) != FUNCTION_DECL)
+    {
+      warning (OPT_Wattributes, "%qE attribute ignored", name);
+      *no_add_attrs = true;
+    }
+  if (!TREE_PUBLIC (*node))
+    {
+      warning (OPT_Wattributes, "%qE attribute has no effect", name);
+      *no_add_attrs = true;
+    }
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Handle a "malloc" attribute; arguments as in
+   struct attribute_spec.handler.  */
+
+static tree
+handle_malloc_attribute (tree *node, tree name, tree ARG_UNUSED (args),
+			 int ARG_UNUSED (flags), bool *no_add_attrs)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (*node) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      && POINTER_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (*node))))
+    DECL_IS_MALLOC (*node) = 1;
+  else
+    {
+      warning (OPT_Wattributes, "%qs attribute ignored",
+	       IDENTIFIER_POINTER (name));
+      *no_add_attrs = true;
+    }
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Fake handler for attributes we don't properly support.  */
+
+tree
+fake_attribute_handler (tree * ARG_UNUSED (node),
+			tree ARG_UNUSED (name),
+			tree ARG_UNUSED (args),
+			int  ARG_UNUSED (flags),
+			bool * ARG_UNUSED (no_add_attrs))
+{
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Handle a "type_generic" attribute.  */
+
+static tree
+handle_type_generic_attribute (tree *node, tree ARG_UNUSED (name),
+			       tree ARG_UNUSED (args), int ARG_UNUSED (flags),
+			       bool * ARG_UNUSED (no_add_attrs))
+{
+  /* Ensure we have a function type.  */
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (*node) == FUNCTION_TYPE);
+
+  /* Ensure we have a variadic function.  */
+  gcc_assert (!prototype_p (*node) || stdarg_p (*node));
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Handle a "vector_size" attribute; arguments as in
+   struct attribute_spec.handler.  */
+
+static tree
+handle_vector_size_attribute (tree *node, tree name, tree args,
+			      int ARG_UNUSED (flags),
+			      bool *no_add_attrs)
+{
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT vecsize, nunits;
+  enum machine_mode orig_mode;
+  tree type = *node, new_type, size;
+
+  *no_add_attrs = true;
+
+  size = TREE_VALUE (args);
+
+  if (!tree_fits_uhwi_p (size))
+    {
+      warning (OPT_Wattributes, "%qs attribute ignored",
+	       IDENTIFIER_POINTER (name));
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  /* Get the vector size (in bytes).  */
+  vecsize = tree_to_uhwi (size);
+
+  /* We need to provide for vector pointers, vector arrays, and
+     functions returning vectors.  For example:
+
+       __attribute__((vector_size(16))) short *foo;
+
+     In this case, the mode is SI, but the type being modified is
+     HI, so we need to look further.  */
+
+  while (POINTER_TYPE_P (type)
+	 || TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE
+	 || TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+    type = TREE_TYPE (type);
+
+  /* Get the mode of the type being modified.  */
+  orig_mode = TYPE_MODE (type);
+
+  if ((!INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type)
+       && !SCALAR_FLOAT_TYPE_P (type)
+       && !FIXED_POINT_TYPE_P (type))
+      || (!SCALAR_FLOAT_MODE_P (orig_mode)
+	  && GET_MODE_CLASS (orig_mode) != MODE_INT
+	  && !ALL_SCALAR_FIXED_POINT_MODE_P (orig_mode))
+      || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type))
+      || TREE_CODE (type) == BOOLEAN_TYPE)
+    {
+      error ("invalid vector type for attribute %qs",
+	     IDENTIFIER_POINTER (name));
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  if (vecsize % tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type)))
+    {
+      error ("vector size not an integral multiple of component size");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  if (vecsize == 0)
+    {
+      error ("zero vector size");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  /* Calculate how many units fit in the vector.  */
+  nunits = vecsize / tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type));
+  if (nunits & (nunits - 1))
+    {
+      error ("number of components of the vector not a power of two");
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  new_type = build_vector_type (type, nunits);
+
+  /* Build back pointers if needed.  */
+  *node = reconstruct_complex_type (*node, new_type);
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Handle a "vector_type" attribute; arguments as in
+   struct attribute_spec.handler.  */
+
+static tree
+handle_vector_type_attribute (tree *node, tree name, tree ARG_UNUSED (args),
+			      int ARG_UNUSED (flags),
+			      bool *no_add_attrs)
+{
+  /* Vector representative type and size.  */
+  tree rep_type = *node;
+  tree rep_size = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (rep_type);
+
+  /* Vector size in bytes and number of units.  */
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT vec_bytes, vec_units;
+
+  /* Vector element type and mode.  */
+  tree elem_type;
+  enum machine_mode elem_mode;
+
+  *no_add_attrs = true;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (rep_type) != ARRAY_TYPE)
+    {
+      error ("attribute %qs applies to array types only",
+	     IDENTIFIER_POINTER (name));
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  /* Silently punt on variable sizes.  We can't make vector types for them,
+     need to ignore them on front-end generated subtypes of unconstrained
+     bases, and this attribute is for binding implementors, not end-users, so
+     we should never get there from legitimate explicit uses.  */
+
+  if (!tree_fits_uhwi_p (rep_size))
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* Get the element type/mode and check this is something we know
+     how to make vectors of.  */
+
+  elem_type = TREE_TYPE (rep_type);
+  elem_mode = TYPE_MODE (elem_type);
+
+  if ((!INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (elem_type)
+       && !SCALAR_FLOAT_TYPE_P (elem_type)
+       && !FIXED_POINT_TYPE_P (elem_type))
+      || (!SCALAR_FLOAT_MODE_P (elem_mode)
+	  && GET_MODE_CLASS (elem_mode) != MODE_INT
+	  && !ALL_SCALAR_FIXED_POINT_MODE_P (elem_mode))
+      || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (elem_type)))
+    {
+      error ("invalid element type for attribute %qs",
+	     IDENTIFIER_POINTER (name));
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  /* Sanity check the vector size and element type consistency.  */
+
+  vec_bytes = tree_to_uhwi (rep_size);
+
+  if (vec_bytes % tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (elem_type)))
+    {
+      error ("vector size not an integral multiple of component size");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  if (vec_bytes == 0)
+    {
+      error ("zero vector size");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  vec_units = vec_bytes / tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (elem_type));
+  if (vec_units & (vec_units - 1))
+    {
+      error ("number of components of the vector not a power of two");
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+
+  /* Build the vector type and replace.  */
+
+  *node = build_vector_type (elem_type, vec_units);
+  TYPE_REPRESENTATIVE_ARRAY (*node) = rep_type;
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- *
+ *                              BUILTIN FUNCTIONS                          *
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Worker for DEF_BUILTIN.  Possibly define a builtin function with one or two
+   names.  Does not declare a non-__builtin_ function if flag_no_builtin, or
+   if nonansi_p and flag_no_nonansi_builtin.  */
+
+static void
+def_builtin_1 (enum built_in_function fncode,
+	       const char *name,
+	       enum built_in_class fnclass,
+	       tree fntype, tree libtype,
+	       bool both_p, bool fallback_p,
+	       bool nonansi_p ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+	       tree fnattrs, bool implicit_p)
+{
+  tree decl;
+  const char *libname;
+
+  /* Preserve an already installed decl.  It most likely was setup in advance
+     (e.g. as part of the internal builtins) for specific reasons.  */
+  if (builtin_decl_explicit (fncode) != NULL_TREE)
+    return;
+
+  gcc_assert ((!both_p && !fallback_p)
+	      || !strncmp (name, "__builtin_",
+			   strlen ("__builtin_")));
+
+  libname = name + strlen ("__builtin_");
+  decl = add_builtin_function (name, fntype, fncode, fnclass,
+			       (fallback_p ? libname : NULL),
+			       fnattrs);
+  if (both_p)
+    /* ??? This is normally further controlled by command-line options
+       like -fno-builtin, but we don't have them for Ada.  */
+    add_builtin_function (libname, libtype, fncode, fnclass,
+			  NULL, fnattrs);
+
+  set_builtin_decl (fncode, decl, implicit_p);
+}
+
+static int flag_isoc94 = 0;
+static int flag_isoc99 = 0;
+
+/* Install what the common builtins.def offers.  */
+
+static void
+install_builtin_functions (void)
+{
+#define DEF_BUILTIN(ENUM, NAME, CLASS, TYPE, LIBTYPE, BOTH_P, FALLBACK_P, \
+		    NONANSI_P, ATTRS, IMPLICIT, COND)			\
+  if (NAME && COND)							\
+    def_builtin_1 (ENUM, NAME, CLASS,                                   \
+                   builtin_types[(int) TYPE],                           \
+                   builtin_types[(int) LIBTYPE],                        \
+                   BOTH_P, FALLBACK_P, NONANSI_P,                       \
+                   built_in_attributes[(int) ATTRS], IMPLICIT);
+#include "builtins.def"
+#undef DEF_BUILTIN
+}
+
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- *
+ *                              BUILTIN FUNCTIONS                          *
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Install the builtin functions we might need.  */
+
+void
+gnat_install_builtins (void)
+{
+  install_builtin_elementary_types ();
+  install_builtin_function_types ();
+  install_builtin_attributes ();
+
+  /* Install builtins used by generic middle-end pieces first.  Some of these
+     know about internal specificities and control attributes accordingly, for
+     instance __builtin_alloca vs no-throw and -fstack-check.  We will ignore
+     the generic definition from builtins.def.  */
+  build_common_builtin_nodes ();
+
+  /* Now, install the target specific builtins, such as the AltiVec family on
+     ppc, and the common set as exposed by builtins.def.  */
+  targetm.init_builtins ();
+  install_builtin_functions ();
+}
+
+#include "gt-ada-utils.h"
+#include "gtype-ada.h"
diff --git a/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/utils2.c b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/utils2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd4151b5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc-4.9/gcc/ada/gcc-interface/utils2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2852 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                               U T I L S 2                                *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *                          C Implementation File                           *
+ *                                                                          *
+ *          Copyright (C) 1992-2014, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under *
+ * terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- *
+ * ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- *
+ * sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- *
+ * OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY *
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License *
+ * for  more details.  You should have received a copy of the GNU General   *
+ * Public License along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see        *
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. *
+ * Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "tm.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "stor-layout.h"
+#include "stringpool.h"
+#include "varasm.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "toplev.h"
+#include "ggc.h"
+#include "tree-inline.h"
+
+#include "ada.h"
+#include "types.h"
+#include "atree.h"
+#include "elists.h"
+#include "namet.h"
+#include "nlists.h"
+#include "snames.h"
+#include "stringt.h"
+#include "uintp.h"
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "sinfo.h"
+#include "einfo.h"
+#include "ada-tree.h"
+#include "gigi.h"
+
+/* Return the base type of TYPE.  */
+
+tree
+get_base_type (tree type)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (type) == RECORD_TYPE
+      && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (type))
+    type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type));
+
+  while (TREE_TYPE (type)
+	 && (TREE_CODE (type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+	     || TREE_CODE (type) == REAL_TYPE))
+    type = TREE_TYPE (type);
+
+  return type;
+}
+
+/* EXP is a GCC tree representing an address.  See if we can find how
+   strictly the object at that address is aligned.   Return that alignment
+   in bits.  If we don't know anything about the alignment, return 0.  */
+
+unsigned int
+known_alignment (tree exp)
+{
+  unsigned int this_alignment;
+  unsigned int lhs, rhs;
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE (exp))
+    {
+    CASE_CONVERT:
+    case VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR:
+    case NON_LVALUE_EXPR:
+      /* Conversions between pointers and integers don't change the alignment
+	 of the underlying object.  */
+      this_alignment = known_alignment (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0));
+      break;
+
+    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
+      /* The value of a COMPOUND_EXPR is that of it's second operand.  */
+      this_alignment = known_alignment (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1));
+      break;
+
+    case PLUS_EXPR:
+    case MINUS_EXPR:
+      /* If two address are added, the alignment of the result is the
+	 minimum of the two alignments.  */
+      lhs = known_alignment (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0));
+      rhs = known_alignment (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1));
+      this_alignment = MIN (lhs, rhs);
+      break;
+
+    case POINTER_PLUS_EXPR:
+      lhs = known_alignment (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0));
+      rhs = known_alignment (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1));
+      /* If we don't know the alignment of the offset, we assume that
+	 of the base.  */
+      if (rhs == 0)
+	this_alignment = lhs;
+      else
+	this_alignment = MIN (lhs, rhs);
+      break;
+
+    case COND_EXPR:
+      /* If there is a choice between two values, use the smallest one.  */
+      lhs = known_alignment (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1));
+      rhs = known_alignment (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 2));
+      this_alignment = MIN (lhs, rhs);
+      break;
+
+    case INTEGER_CST:
+      {
+	unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT c = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (exp);
+	/* The first part of this represents the lowest bit in the constant,
+	   but it is originally in bytes, not bits.  */
+	this_alignment = MIN (BITS_PER_UNIT * (c & -c), BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case MULT_EXPR:
+      /* If we know the alignment of just one side, use it.  Otherwise,
+	 use the product of the alignments.  */
+      lhs = known_alignment (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0));
+      rhs = known_alignment (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1));
+
+      if (lhs == 0)
+	this_alignment = rhs;
+      else if (rhs == 0)
+	this_alignment = lhs;
+      else
+	this_alignment = MIN (lhs * rhs, BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT);
+      break;
+
+    case BIT_AND_EXPR:
+      /* A bit-and expression is as aligned as the maximum alignment of the
+	 operands.  We typically get here for a complex lhs and a constant
+	 negative power of two on the rhs to force an explicit alignment, so
+	 don't bother looking at the lhs.  */
+      this_alignment = known_alignment (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1));
+      break;
+
+    case ADDR_EXPR:
+      this_alignment = expr_align (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0));
+      break;
+
+    case CALL_EXPR:
+      {
+	tree t = maybe_inline_call_in_expr (exp);
+	if (t)
+	  return known_alignment (t);
+      }
+
+      /* Fall through... */
+
+    default:
+      /* For other pointer expressions, we assume that the pointed-to object
+	 is at least as aligned as the pointed-to type.  Beware that we can
+	 have a dummy type here (e.g. a Taft Amendment type), for which the
+	 alignment is meaningless and should be ignored.  */
+      if (POINTER_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (exp))
+	  && !TYPE_IS_DUMMY_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (exp))))
+	this_alignment = TYPE_ALIGN (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (exp)));
+      else
+	this_alignment = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+
+  return this_alignment;
+}
+
+/* We have a comparison or assignment operation on two types, T1 and T2, which
+   are either both array types or both record types.  T1 is assumed to be for
+   the left hand side operand, and T2 for the right hand side.  Return the
+   type that both operands should be converted to for the operation, if any.
+   Otherwise return zero.  */
+
+static tree
+find_common_type (tree t1, tree t2)
+{
+  /* ??? As of today, various constructs lead to here with types of different
+     sizes even when both constants (e.g. tagged types, packable vs regular
+     component types, padded vs unpadded types, ...).  While some of these
+     would better be handled upstream (types should be made consistent before
+     calling into build_binary_op), some others are really expected and we
+     have to be careful.  */
+
+  /* We must avoid writing more than what the target can hold if this is for
+     an assignment and the case of tagged types is handled in build_binary_op
+     so we use the lhs type if it is known to be smaller or of constant size
+     and the rhs type is not, whatever the modes.  We also force t1 in case of
+     constant size equality to minimize occurrences of view conversions on the
+     lhs of an assignment, except for the case of record types with a variant
+     part on the lhs but not on the rhs to make the conversion simpler.  */
+  if (TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (t1))
+      && (!TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (t2))
+	  || tree_int_cst_lt (TYPE_SIZE (t1), TYPE_SIZE (t2))
+	  || (TYPE_SIZE (t1) == TYPE_SIZE (t2)
+	      && !(TREE_CODE (t1) == RECORD_TYPE
+		   && TREE_CODE (t2) == RECORD_TYPE
+		   && get_variant_part (t1) != NULL_TREE
+		   && get_variant_part (t2) == NULL_TREE))))
+    return t1;
+
+  /* Otherwise, if the lhs type is non-BLKmode, use it.  Note that we know
+     that we will not have any alignment problems since, if we did, the
+     non-BLKmode type could not have been used.  */
+  if (TYPE_MODE (t1) != BLKmode)
+    return t1;
+
+  /* If the rhs type is of constant size, use it whatever the modes.  At
+     this point it is known to be smaller, or of constant size and the
+     lhs type is not.  */
+  if (TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (t2)))
+    return t2;
+
+  /* Otherwise, if the rhs type is non-BLKmode, use it.  */
+  if (TYPE_MODE (t2) != BLKmode)
+    return t2;
+
+  /* In this case, both types have variable size and BLKmode.  It's
+     probably best to leave the "type mismatch" because changing it
+     could cause a bad self-referential reference.  */
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Return an expression tree representing an equality comparison of A1 and A2,
+   two objects of type ARRAY_TYPE.  The result should be of type RESULT_TYPE.
+
+   Two arrays are equal in one of two ways: (1) if both have zero length in
+   some dimension (not necessarily the same dimension) or (2) if the lengths
+   in each dimension are equal and the data is equal.  We perform the length
+   tests in as efficient a manner as possible.  */
+
+static tree
+compare_arrays (location_t loc, tree result_type, tree a1, tree a2)
+{
+  tree result = convert (result_type, boolean_true_node);
+  tree a1_is_null = convert (result_type, boolean_false_node);
+  tree a2_is_null = convert (result_type, boolean_false_node);
+  tree t1 = TREE_TYPE (a1);
+  tree t2 = TREE_TYPE (a2);
+  bool a1_side_effects_p = TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (a1);
+  bool a2_side_effects_p = TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (a2);
+  bool length_zero_p = false;
+
+  /* If either operand has side-effects, they have to be evaluated only once
+     in spite of the multiple references to the operand in the comparison.  */
+  if (a1_side_effects_p)
+    a1 = gnat_protect_expr (a1);
+
+  if (a2_side_effects_p)
+    a2 = gnat_protect_expr (a2);
+
+  /* Process each dimension separately and compare the lengths.  If any
+     dimension has a length known to be zero, set LENGTH_ZERO_P to true
+     in order to suppress the comparison of the data at the end.  */
+  while (TREE_CODE (t1) == ARRAY_TYPE && TREE_CODE (t2) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+    {
+      tree lb1 = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t1));
+      tree ub1 = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t1));
+      tree lb2 = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t2));
+      tree ub2 = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t2));
+      tree length1 = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, ub1, lb1),
+				 size_one_node);
+      tree length2 = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, ub2, lb2),
+				 size_one_node);
+      tree comparison, this_a1_is_null, this_a2_is_null;
+
+      /* If the length of the first array is a constant, swap our operands
+	 unless the length of the second array is the constant zero.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (length1) == INTEGER_CST && !integer_zerop (length2))
+	{
+	  tree tem;
+	  bool btem;
+
+	  tem = a1, a1 = a2, a2 = tem;
+	  tem = t1, t1 = t2, t2 = tem;
+	  tem = lb1, lb1 = lb2, lb2 = tem;
+	  tem = ub1, ub1 = ub2, ub2 = tem;
+	  tem = length1, length1 = length2, length2 = tem;
+	  tem = a1_is_null, a1_is_null = a2_is_null, a2_is_null = tem;
+	  btem = a1_side_effects_p, a1_side_effects_p = a2_side_effects_p,
+	  a2_side_effects_p = btem;
+	}
+
+      /* If the length of the second array is the constant zero, we can just
+	 use the original stored bounds for the first array and see whether
+	 last < first holds.  */
+      if (integer_zerop (length2))
+	{
+	  length_zero_p = true;
+
+	  ub1 = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t1)));
+	  lb1 = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t1)));
+
+	  comparison = fold_build2_loc (loc, LT_EXPR, result_type, ub1, lb1);
+	  comparison = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (comparison, a1);
+	  if (EXPR_P (comparison))
+	    SET_EXPR_LOCATION (comparison, loc);
+
+	  this_a1_is_null = comparison;
+	  this_a2_is_null = convert (result_type, boolean_true_node);
+	}
+
+      /* Otherwise, if the length is some other constant value, we know that
+	 this dimension in the second array cannot be superflat, so we can
+	 just use its length computed from the actual stored bounds.  */
+      else if (TREE_CODE (length2) == INTEGER_CST)
+	{
+	  tree bt;
+
+	  ub1 = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t1)));
+	  lb1 = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t1)));
+	  /* Note that we know that UB2 and LB2 are constant and hence
+	     cannot contain a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR.  */
+	  ub2 = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t2)));
+	  lb2 = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (TYPE_DOMAIN (t2)));
+	  bt = get_base_type (TREE_TYPE (ub1));
+
+	  comparison
+	    = fold_build2_loc (loc, EQ_EXPR, result_type,
+			       build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR, bt, ub1, lb1),
+			       build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR, bt, ub2, lb2));
+	  comparison = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (comparison, a1);
+	  if (EXPR_P (comparison))
+	    SET_EXPR_LOCATION (comparison, loc);
+
+	  this_a1_is_null
+	    = fold_build2_loc (loc, LT_EXPR, result_type, ub1, lb1);
+
+	  this_a2_is_null = convert (result_type, boolean_false_node);
+	}
+
+      /* Otherwise, compare the computed lengths.  */
+      else
+	{
+	  length1 = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (length1, a1);
+	  length2 = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (length2, a2);
+
+	  comparison
+	    = fold_build2_loc (loc, EQ_EXPR, result_type, length1, length2);
+
+	  /* If the length expression is of the form (cond ? val : 0), assume
+	     that cond is equivalent to (length != 0).  That's guaranteed by
+	     construction of the array types in gnat_to_gnu_entity.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (length1) == COND_EXPR
+	      && integer_zerop (TREE_OPERAND (length1, 2)))
+	    this_a1_is_null
+	      = invert_truthvalue_loc (loc, TREE_OPERAND (length1, 0));
+	  else
+	    this_a1_is_null = fold_build2_loc (loc, EQ_EXPR, result_type,
+					       length1, size_zero_node);
+
+	  /* Likewise for the second array.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (length2) == COND_EXPR
+	      && integer_zerop (TREE_OPERAND (length2, 2)))
+	    this_a2_is_null
+	      = invert_truthvalue_loc (loc, TREE_OPERAND (length2, 0));
+	  else
+	    this_a2_is_null = fold_build2_loc (loc, EQ_EXPR, result_type,
+					       length2, size_zero_node);
+	}
+
+      /* Append expressions for this dimension to the final expressions.  */
+      result = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, result_type,
+				result, comparison);
+
+      a1_is_null = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, result_type,
+				    this_a1_is_null, a1_is_null);
+
+      a2_is_null = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, result_type,
+				    this_a2_is_null, a2_is_null);
+
+      t1 = TREE_TYPE (t1);
+      t2 = TREE_TYPE (t2);
+    }
+
+  /* Unless the length of some dimension is known to be zero, compare the
+     data in the array.  */
+  if (!length_zero_p)
+    {
+      tree type = find_common_type (TREE_TYPE (a1), TREE_TYPE (a2));
+      tree comparison;
+
+      if (type)
+	{
+	  a1 = convert (type, a1),
+	  a2 = convert (type, a2);
+	}
+
+      comparison = fold_build2_loc (loc, EQ_EXPR, result_type, a1, a2);
+
+      result
+	= build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, result_type, result, comparison);
+    }
+
+  /* The result is also true if both sizes are zero.  */
+  result = build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, result_type,
+			    build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, result_type,
+					     a1_is_null, a2_is_null),
+			    result);
+
+  /* If either operand has side-effects, they have to be evaluated before
+     starting the comparison above since the place they would be otherwise
+     evaluated could be wrong.  */
+  if (a1_side_effects_p)
+    result = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, result_type, a1, result);
+
+  if (a2_side_effects_p)
+    result = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, result_type, a2, result);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Return an expression tree representing an equality comparison of P1 and P2,
+   two objects of fat pointer type.  The result should be of type RESULT_TYPE.
+
+   Two fat pointers are equal in one of two ways: (1) if both have a null
+   pointer to the array or (2) if they contain the same couple of pointers.
+   We perform the comparison in as efficient a manner as possible.  */
+
+static tree
+compare_fat_pointers (location_t loc, tree result_type, tree p1, tree p2)
+{
+  tree p1_array, p2_array, p1_bounds, p2_bounds, same_array, same_bounds;
+  tree p1_array_is_null, p2_array_is_null;
+
+  /* If either operand has side-effects, they have to be evaluated only once
+     in spite of the multiple references to the operand in the comparison.  */
+  p1 = gnat_protect_expr (p1);
+  p2 = gnat_protect_expr (p2);
+
+  /* The constant folder doesn't fold fat pointer types so we do it here.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (p1) == CONSTRUCTOR)
+    p1_array = (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (p1))[0].value;
+  else
+    p1_array = build_component_ref (p1, NULL_TREE,
+				    TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (p1)), true);
+
+  p1_array_is_null
+    = fold_build2_loc (loc, EQ_EXPR, result_type, p1_array,
+		       fold_convert_loc (loc, TREE_TYPE (p1_array),
+					 null_pointer_node));
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (p2) == CONSTRUCTOR)
+    p2_array = (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (p2))[0].value;
+  else
+    p2_array = build_component_ref (p2, NULL_TREE,
+				    TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (p2)), true);
+
+  p2_array_is_null
+    = fold_build2_loc (loc, EQ_EXPR, result_type, p2_array,
+		       fold_convert_loc (loc, TREE_TYPE (p2_array),
+					 null_pointer_node));
+
+  /* If one of the pointers to the array is null, just compare the other.  */
+  if (integer_zerop (p1_array))
+    return p2_array_is_null;
+  else if (integer_zerop (p2_array))
+    return p1_array_is_null;
+
+  /* Otherwise, do the fully-fledged comparison.  */
+  same_array
+    = fold_build2_loc (loc, EQ_EXPR, result_type, p1_array, p2_array);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (p1) == CONSTRUCTOR)
+    p1_bounds = (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (p1))[1].value;
+  else
+    p1_bounds
+      = build_component_ref (p1, NULL_TREE,
+			     DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (p1))), true);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (p2) == CONSTRUCTOR)
+    p2_bounds = (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (p2))[1].value;
+  else
+    p2_bounds
+      = build_component_ref (p2, NULL_TREE,
+			     DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (p2))), true);
+
+  same_bounds
+    = fold_build2_loc (loc, EQ_EXPR, result_type, p1_bounds, p2_bounds);
+
+  /* P1_ARRAY == P2_ARRAY && (P1_ARRAY == NULL || P1_BOUNDS == P2_BOUNDS).  */
+  return build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, result_type, same_array,
+			  build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, result_type,
+					   p1_array_is_null, same_bounds));
+}
+
+/* Compute the result of applying OP_CODE to LHS and RHS, where both are of
+   type TYPE.  We know that TYPE is a modular type with a nonbinary
+   modulus.  */
+
+static tree
+nonbinary_modular_operation (enum tree_code op_code, tree type, tree lhs,
+                             tree rhs)
+{
+  tree modulus = TYPE_MODULUS (type);
+  unsigned int needed_precision = tree_floor_log2 (modulus) + 1;
+  unsigned int precision;
+  bool unsignedp = true;
+  tree op_type = type;
+  tree result;
+
+  /* If this is an addition of a constant, convert it to a subtraction
+     of a constant since we can do that faster.  */
+  if (op_code == PLUS_EXPR && TREE_CODE (rhs) == INTEGER_CST)
+    {
+      rhs = fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, type, modulus, rhs);
+      op_code = MINUS_EXPR;
+    }
+
+  /* For the logical operations, we only need PRECISION bits.  For
+     addition and subtraction, we need one more and for multiplication we
+     need twice as many.  But we never want to make a size smaller than
+     our size. */
+  if (op_code == PLUS_EXPR || op_code == MINUS_EXPR)
+    needed_precision += 1;
+  else if (op_code == MULT_EXPR)
+    needed_precision *= 2;
+
+  precision = MAX (needed_precision, TYPE_PRECISION (op_type));
+
+  /* Unsigned will do for everything but subtraction.  */
+  if (op_code == MINUS_EXPR)
+    unsignedp = false;
+
+  /* If our type is the wrong signedness or isn't wide enough, make a new
+     type and convert both our operands to it.  */
+  if (TYPE_PRECISION (op_type) < precision
+      || TYPE_UNSIGNED (op_type) != unsignedp)
+    {
+      /* Copy the node so we ensure it can be modified to make it modular.  */
+      op_type = copy_node (gnat_type_for_size (precision, unsignedp));
+      modulus = convert (op_type, modulus);
+      SET_TYPE_MODULUS (op_type, modulus);
+      TYPE_MODULAR_P (op_type) = 1;
+      lhs = convert (op_type, lhs);
+      rhs = convert (op_type, rhs);
+    }
+
+  /* Do the operation, then we'll fix it up.  */
+  result = fold_build2 (op_code, op_type, lhs, rhs);
+
+  /* For multiplication, we have no choice but to do a full modulus
+     operation.  However, we want to do this in the narrowest
+     possible size.  */
+  if (op_code == MULT_EXPR)
+    {
+      tree div_type = copy_node (gnat_type_for_size (needed_precision, 1));
+      modulus = convert (div_type, modulus);
+      SET_TYPE_MODULUS (div_type, modulus);
+      TYPE_MODULAR_P (div_type) = 1;
+      result = convert (op_type,
+			fold_build2 (TRUNC_MOD_EXPR, div_type,
+				     convert (div_type, result), modulus));
+    }
+
+  /* For subtraction, add the modulus back if we are negative.  */
+  else if (op_code == MINUS_EXPR)
+    {
+      result = gnat_protect_expr (result);
+      result = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, op_type,
+			    fold_build2 (LT_EXPR, boolean_type_node, result,
+					 convert (op_type, integer_zero_node)),
+			    fold_build2 (PLUS_EXPR, op_type, result, modulus),
+			    result);
+    }
+
+  /* For the other operations, subtract the modulus if we are >= it.  */
+  else
+    {
+      result = gnat_protect_expr (result);
+      result = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, op_type,
+			    fold_build2 (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+					 result, modulus),
+			    fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, op_type,
+					 result, modulus),
+			    result);
+    }
+
+  return convert (type, result);
+}
+
+/* This page contains routines that implement the Ada semantics with regard
+   to atomic objects.  They are fully piggybacked on the middle-end support
+   for atomic loads and stores.
+
+   *** Memory barriers and volatile objects ***
+
+   We implement the weakened form of the C.6(16) clause that was introduced
+   in Ada 2012 (AI05-117).  Earlier forms of this clause wouldn't have been
+   implementable without significant performance hits on modern platforms.
+
+   We also take advantage of the requirements imposed on shared variables by
+   9.10 (conditions for sequential actions) to have non-erroneous execution
+   and consider that C.6(16) and C.6(17) only prescribe an uniform order of
+   volatile updates with regard to sequential actions, i.e. with regard to
+   reads or updates of atomic objects.
+
+   As such, an update of an atomic object by a task requires that all earlier
+   accesses to volatile objects have completed.  Similarly, later accesses to
+   volatile objects cannot be reordered before the update of the atomic object.
+   So, memory barriers both before and after the atomic update are needed.
+
+   For a read of an atomic object, to avoid seeing writes of volatile objects
+   by a task earlier than by the other tasks, a memory barrier is needed before
+   the atomic read.  Finally, to avoid reordering later reads or updates of
+   volatile objects to before the atomic read, a barrier is needed after the
+   atomic read.
+
+   So, memory barriers are needed before and after atomic reads and updates.
+   And, in order to simplify the implementation, we use full memory barriers
+   in all cases, i.e. we enforce sequential consistency for atomic accesses.  */
+
+/* Return the size of TYPE, which must be a positive power of 2.  */
+
+static unsigned int
+resolve_atomic_size (tree type)
+{
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT size = tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type));
+
+  if (size == 1 || size == 2 || size == 4 || size == 8 || size == 16)
+    return size;
+
+  /* We shouldn't reach here without having already detected that the size
+     isn't compatible with an atomic access.  */
+  gcc_assert (Serious_Errors_Detected);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Build an atomic load for the underlying atomic object in SRC.  */
+
+tree
+build_atomic_load (tree src)
+{
+  tree ptr_type
+    = build_pointer_type
+      (build_qualified_type (void_type_node, TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE));
+  tree mem_model = build_int_cst (integer_type_node, MEMMODEL_SEQ_CST);
+  tree orig_src = src;
+  tree t, addr, val;
+  unsigned int size;
+  int fncode;
+
+  /* Remove conversions to get the address of the underlying object.  */
+  src = remove_conversions (src, false);
+  size = resolve_atomic_size (TREE_TYPE (src));
+  if (size == 0)
+    return orig_src;
+
+  fncode = (int) BUILT_IN_ATOMIC_LOAD_N + exact_log2 (size) + 1;
+  t = builtin_decl_implicit ((enum built_in_function) fncode);
+
+  addr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, ptr_type, src);
+  val = build_call_expr (t, 2, addr, mem_model);
+
+  /* First reinterpret the loaded bits in the original type of the load,
+     then convert to the expected result type.  */
+  t = fold_build1 (VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (src), val);
+  return convert (TREE_TYPE (orig_src), t);
+}
+
+/* Build an atomic store from SRC to the underlying atomic object in DEST.  */
+
+tree
+build_atomic_store (tree dest, tree src)
+{
+  tree ptr_type
+    = build_pointer_type
+      (build_qualified_type (void_type_node, TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE));
+  tree mem_model = build_int_cst (integer_type_node, MEMMODEL_SEQ_CST);
+  tree orig_dest = dest;
+  tree t, int_type, addr;
+  unsigned int size;
+  int fncode;
+
+  /* Remove conversions to get the address of the underlying object.  */
+  dest = remove_conversions (dest, false);
+  size = resolve_atomic_size (TREE_TYPE (dest));
+  if (size == 0)
+    return build_binary_op (MODIFY_EXPR, NULL_TREE, orig_dest, src);
+
+  fncode = (int) BUILT_IN_ATOMIC_STORE_N + exact_log2 (size) + 1;
+  t = builtin_decl_implicit ((enum built_in_function) fncode);
+  int_type = gnat_type_for_size (BITS_PER_UNIT * size, 1);
+
+  /* First convert the bits to be stored to the original type of the store,
+     then reinterpret them in the effective type.  But if the original type
+     is a padded type with the same size, convert to the inner type instead,
+     as we don't want to artificially introduce a CONSTRUCTOR here.  */
+  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (dest))
+      && TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (dest))
+	 == TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (dest)))))
+    src = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (dest))), src);
+  else
+    src = convert (TREE_TYPE (dest), src);
+  src = fold_build1 (VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR, int_type, src);
+  addr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, ptr_type, dest);
+
+  return build_call_expr (t, 3, addr, src, mem_model);
+}
+
+/* Make a binary operation of kind OP_CODE.  RESULT_TYPE is the type
+   desired for the result.  Usually the operation is to be performed
+   in that type.  For INIT_EXPR and MODIFY_EXPR, RESULT_TYPE must be
+   NULL_TREE.  For ARRAY_REF, RESULT_TYPE may be NULL_TREE, in which
+   case the type to be used will be derived from the operands.
+
+   This function is very much unlike the ones for C and C++ since we
+   have already done any type conversion and matching required.  All we
+   have to do here is validate the work done by SEM and handle subtypes.  */
+
+tree
+build_binary_op (enum tree_code op_code, tree result_type,
+                 tree left_operand, tree right_operand)
+{
+  tree left_type  = TREE_TYPE (left_operand);
+  tree right_type = TREE_TYPE (right_operand);
+  tree left_base_type = get_base_type (left_type);
+  tree right_base_type = get_base_type (right_type);
+  tree operation_type = result_type;
+  tree best_type = NULL_TREE;
+  tree modulus, result;
+  bool has_side_effects = false;
+
+  if (operation_type
+      && TREE_CODE (operation_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+      && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (operation_type))
+    operation_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (operation_type));
+
+  if (operation_type
+      && TREE_CODE (operation_type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+      && TYPE_EXTRA_SUBTYPE_P (operation_type))
+    operation_type = get_base_type (operation_type);
+
+  modulus = (operation_type
+	     && TREE_CODE (operation_type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+	     && TYPE_MODULAR_P (operation_type)
+	     ? TYPE_MODULUS (operation_type) : NULL_TREE);
+
+  switch (op_code)
+    {
+    case INIT_EXPR:
+    case MODIFY_EXPR:
+#ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
+      gcc_assert (result_type == NULL_TREE);
+#endif
+      /* If there were integral or pointer conversions on the LHS, remove
+	 them; we'll be putting them back below if needed.  Likewise for
+	 conversions between array and record types, except for justified
+	 modular types.  But don't do this if the right operand is not
+	 BLKmode (for packed arrays) unless we are not changing the mode.  */
+      while ((CONVERT_EXPR_P (left_operand)
+	      || TREE_CODE (left_operand) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR)
+	     && (((INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (left_type)
+		   || POINTER_TYPE_P (left_type))
+		  && (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE
+				       (TREE_OPERAND (left_operand, 0)))
+		      || POINTER_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE
+					 (TREE_OPERAND (left_operand, 0)))))
+		 || (((TREE_CODE (left_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+		       && !TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (left_type))
+		      || TREE_CODE (left_type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+		     && ((TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE
+				     (TREE_OPERAND (left_operand, 0)))
+			  == RECORD_TYPE)
+			 || (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE
+					(TREE_OPERAND (left_operand, 0)))
+			     == ARRAY_TYPE))
+		     && (TYPE_MODE (right_type) == BLKmode
+			 || (TYPE_MODE (left_type)
+			     == TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE
+					   (TREE_OPERAND
+					    (left_operand, 0))))))))
+	{
+	  left_operand = TREE_OPERAND (left_operand, 0);
+	  left_type = TREE_TYPE (left_operand);
+	}
+
+      /* If a class-wide type may be involved, force use of the RHS type.  */
+      if ((TREE_CODE (right_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	   || TREE_CODE (right_type) == UNION_TYPE)
+	  && TYPE_ALIGN_OK (right_type))
+	operation_type = right_type;
+
+      /* If we are copying between padded objects with compatible types, use
+	 the padded view of the objects, this is very likely more efficient.
+	 Likewise for a padded object that is assigned a constructor, if we
+	 can convert the constructor to the inner type, to avoid putting a
+	 VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR on the LHS.  But don't do so if we wouldn't have
+	 actually copied anything.  */
+      else if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (left_type)
+	       && TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (left_type))
+	       && ((TREE_CODE (right_operand) == COMPONENT_REF
+		    && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (left_type)
+		       == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT
+			  (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (right_operand, 0))))
+		   || (TREE_CODE (right_operand) == CONSTRUCTOR
+		       && !CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P
+			   (DECL_SIZE (TYPE_FIELDS (left_type)))))
+	       && !integer_zerop (TYPE_SIZE (right_type)))
+	{
+	  /* We make an exception for a BLKmode type padding a non-BLKmode
+	     inner type and do the conversion of the LHS right away, since
+	     unchecked_convert wouldn't do it properly.  */
+	  if (TYPE_MODE (left_type) == BLKmode
+	      && TYPE_MODE (right_type) != BLKmode
+	      && TREE_CODE (right_operand) != CONSTRUCTOR)
+	    {
+	      operation_type = right_type;
+	      left_operand = convert (operation_type, left_operand);
+	      left_type = operation_type;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    operation_type = left_type;
+	}
+
+      /* If we have a call to a function that returns an unconstrained type
+	 with default discriminant on the RHS, use the RHS type (which is
+	 padded) as we cannot compute the size of the actual assignment.  */
+      else if (TREE_CODE (right_operand) == CALL_EXPR
+	       && TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (right_type)
+	       && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P
+		  (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (right_type)))))
+	operation_type = right_type;
+
+      /* Find the best type to use for copying between aggregate types.  */
+      else if (((TREE_CODE (left_type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+		 && TREE_CODE (right_type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+		|| (TREE_CODE (left_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+		    && TREE_CODE (right_type) == RECORD_TYPE))
+	       && (best_type = find_common_type (left_type, right_type)))
+	operation_type = best_type;
+
+      /* Otherwise use the LHS type.  */
+      else
+	operation_type = left_type;
+
+      /* Ensure everything on the LHS is valid.  If we have a field reference,
+	 strip anything that get_inner_reference can handle.  Then remove any
+	 conversions between types having the same code and mode.  And mark
+	 VIEW_CONVERT_EXPRs with TREE_ADDRESSABLE.  When done, we must have
+	 either an INDIRECT_REF, a NULL_EXPR or a DECL node.  */
+      result = left_operand;
+      while (true)
+	{
+	  tree restype = TREE_TYPE (result);
+
+	  if (TREE_CODE (result) == COMPONENT_REF
+	      || TREE_CODE (result) == ARRAY_REF
+	      || TREE_CODE (result) == ARRAY_RANGE_REF)
+	    while (handled_component_p (result))
+	      result = TREE_OPERAND (result, 0);
+	  else if (TREE_CODE (result) == REALPART_EXPR
+		   || TREE_CODE (result) == IMAGPART_EXPR
+		   || (CONVERT_EXPR_P (result)
+		       && (((TREE_CODE (restype)
+			     == TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE
+					   (TREE_OPERAND (result, 0))))
+			     && (TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE
+					    (TREE_OPERAND (result, 0)))
+				 == TYPE_MODE (restype)))
+			   || TYPE_ALIGN_OK (restype))))
+	    result = TREE_OPERAND (result, 0);
+	  else if (TREE_CODE (result) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR)
+	    {
+	      TREE_ADDRESSABLE (result) = 1;
+	      result = TREE_OPERAND (result, 0);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    break;
+	}
+
+      gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (result) == INDIRECT_REF
+		  || TREE_CODE (result) == NULL_EXPR
+		  || DECL_P (result));
+
+      /* Convert the right operand to the operation type unless it is
+	 either already of the correct type or if the type involves a
+	 placeholder, since the RHS may not have the same record type.  */
+      if (operation_type != right_type
+	  && !CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (operation_type)))
+	{
+	  right_operand = convert (operation_type, right_operand);
+	  right_type = operation_type;
+	}
+
+      /* If the left operand is not of the same type as the operation
+	 type, wrap it up in a VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR.  */
+      if (left_type != operation_type)
+	left_operand = unchecked_convert (operation_type, left_operand, false);
+
+      has_side_effects = true;
+      modulus = NULL_TREE;
+      break;
+
+    case ARRAY_REF:
+      if (!operation_type)
+	operation_type = TREE_TYPE (left_type);
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case ARRAY_RANGE_REF:
+      /* First look through conversion between type variants.  Note that
+	 this changes neither the operation type nor the type domain.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (left_operand) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR
+	  && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (left_operand, 0)))
+	     == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (left_type))
+	{
+	  left_operand = TREE_OPERAND (left_operand, 0);
+	  left_type = TREE_TYPE (left_operand);
+	}
+
+      /* For a range, make sure the element type is consistent.  */
+      if (op_code == ARRAY_RANGE_REF
+	  && TREE_TYPE (operation_type) != TREE_TYPE (left_type))
+	operation_type = build_array_type (TREE_TYPE (left_type),
+					   TYPE_DOMAIN (operation_type));
+
+      /* Then convert the right operand to its base type.  This will prevent
+	 unneeded sign conversions when sizetype is wider than integer.  */
+      right_operand = convert (right_base_type, right_operand);
+      right_operand = convert_to_index_type (right_operand);
+      modulus = NULL_TREE;
+      break;
+
+    case TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR:
+    case TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR:
+    case TRUTH_AND_EXPR:
+    case TRUTH_OR_EXPR:
+    case TRUTH_XOR_EXPR:
+#ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
+      gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (get_base_type (result_type)) == BOOLEAN_TYPE);
+#endif
+      operation_type = left_base_type;
+      left_operand = convert (operation_type, left_operand);
+      right_operand = convert (operation_type, right_operand);
+      break;
+
+    case GE_EXPR:
+    case LE_EXPR:
+    case GT_EXPR:
+    case LT_EXPR:
+    case EQ_EXPR:
+    case NE_EXPR:
+#ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
+      gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (get_base_type (result_type)) == BOOLEAN_TYPE);
+#endif
+      /* If either operand is a NULL_EXPR, just return a new one.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (left_operand) == NULL_EXPR)
+	return build2 (op_code, result_type,
+		       build1 (NULL_EXPR, integer_type_node,
+			       TREE_OPERAND (left_operand, 0)),
+		       integer_zero_node);
+
+      else if (TREE_CODE (right_operand) == NULL_EXPR)
+	return build2 (op_code, result_type,
+		       build1 (NULL_EXPR, integer_type_node,
+			       TREE_OPERAND (right_operand, 0)),
+		       integer_zero_node);
+
+      /* If either object is a justified modular types, get the
+	 fields from within.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (left_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (left_type))
+	{
+	  left_operand = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (left_type)),
+				  left_operand);
+	  left_type = TREE_TYPE (left_operand);
+	  left_base_type = get_base_type (left_type);
+	}
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (right_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (right_type))
+	{
+	  right_operand = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (right_type)),
+				  right_operand);
+	  right_type = TREE_TYPE (right_operand);
+	  right_base_type = get_base_type (right_type);
+	}
+
+      /* If both objects are arrays, compare them specially.  */
+      if ((TREE_CODE (left_type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	   || (TREE_CODE (left_type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+	       && TYPE_HAS_ACTUAL_BOUNDS_P (left_type)))
+	  && (TREE_CODE (right_type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+	      || (TREE_CODE (right_type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+		  && TYPE_HAS_ACTUAL_BOUNDS_P (right_type))))
+	{
+	  result = compare_arrays (input_location,
+				   result_type, left_operand, right_operand);
+	  if (op_code == NE_EXPR)
+	    result = invert_truthvalue_loc (EXPR_LOCATION (result), result);
+	  else
+	    gcc_assert (op_code == EQ_EXPR);
+
+	  return result;
+	}
+
+      /* Otherwise, the base types must be the same, unless they are both fat
+	 pointer types or record types.  In the latter case, use the best type
+	 and convert both operands to that type.  */
+      if (left_base_type != right_base_type)
+	{
+	  if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (left_base_type)
+	      && TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (right_base_type))
+	    {
+	      gcc_assert (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (left_base_type)
+			  == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (right_base_type));
+	      best_type = left_base_type;
+	    }
+
+	  else if (TREE_CODE (left_base_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+		   && TREE_CODE (right_base_type) == RECORD_TYPE)
+	    {
+	      /* The only way this is permitted is if both types have the same
+		 name.  In that case, one of them must not be self-referential.
+		 Use it as the best type.  Even better with a fixed size.  */
+	      gcc_assert (TYPE_NAME (left_base_type)
+			  && TYPE_NAME (left_base_type)
+			     == TYPE_NAME (right_base_type));
+
+	      if (TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (left_base_type)))
+		best_type = left_base_type;
+	      else if (TREE_CONSTANT (TYPE_SIZE (right_base_type)))
+		best_type = right_base_type;
+	      else if (!CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (left_base_type)))
+		best_type = left_base_type;
+	      else if (!CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (right_base_type)))
+		best_type = right_base_type;
+	      else
+		gcc_unreachable ();
+	    }
+
+	  else
+	    gcc_unreachable ();
+
+	  left_operand = convert (best_type, left_operand);
+	  right_operand = convert (best_type, right_operand);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  left_operand = convert (left_base_type, left_operand);
+	  right_operand = convert (right_base_type, right_operand);
+	}
+
+      /* If both objects are fat pointers, compare them specially.  */
+      if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (left_base_type))
+	{
+	  result
+	    = compare_fat_pointers (input_location,
+				    result_type, left_operand, right_operand);
+	  if (op_code == NE_EXPR)
+	    result = invert_truthvalue_loc (EXPR_LOCATION (result), result);
+	  else
+	    gcc_assert (op_code == EQ_EXPR);
+
+	  return result;
+	}
+
+      modulus = NULL_TREE;
+      break;
+
+    case LSHIFT_EXPR:
+    case RSHIFT_EXPR:
+    case LROTATE_EXPR:
+    case RROTATE_EXPR:
+       /* The RHS of a shift can be any type.  Also, ignore any modulus
+	 (we used to abort, but this is needed for unchecked conversion
+	 to modular types).  Otherwise, processing is the same as normal.  */
+      gcc_assert (operation_type == left_base_type);
+      modulus = NULL_TREE;
+      left_operand = convert (operation_type, left_operand);
+      break;
+
+    case BIT_AND_EXPR:
+    case BIT_IOR_EXPR:
+    case BIT_XOR_EXPR:
+      /* For binary modulus, if the inputs are in range, so are the
+	 outputs.  */
+      if (modulus && integer_pow2p (modulus))
+	modulus = NULL_TREE;
+      goto common;
+
+    case COMPLEX_EXPR:
+      gcc_assert (TREE_TYPE (result_type) == left_base_type
+		  && TREE_TYPE (result_type) == right_base_type);
+      left_operand = convert (left_base_type, left_operand);
+      right_operand = convert (right_base_type, right_operand);
+      break;
+
+    case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:   case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
+    case CEIL_DIV_EXPR:    case CEIL_MOD_EXPR:
+    case FLOOR_DIV_EXPR:   case FLOOR_MOD_EXPR:
+    case ROUND_DIV_EXPR:   case ROUND_MOD_EXPR:
+      /* These always produce results lower than either operand.  */
+      modulus = NULL_TREE;
+      goto common;
+
+    case POINTER_PLUS_EXPR:
+      gcc_assert (operation_type == left_base_type
+		  && sizetype == right_base_type);
+      left_operand = convert (operation_type, left_operand);
+      right_operand = convert (sizetype, right_operand);
+      break;
+
+    case PLUS_NOMOD_EXPR:
+    case MINUS_NOMOD_EXPR:
+      if (op_code == PLUS_NOMOD_EXPR)
+	op_code = PLUS_EXPR;
+      else
+	op_code = MINUS_EXPR;
+      modulus = NULL_TREE;
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    case PLUS_EXPR:
+    case MINUS_EXPR:
+      /* Avoid doing arithmetics in ENUMERAL_TYPE or BOOLEAN_TYPE like the
+	 other compilers.  Contrary to C, Ada doesn't allow arithmetics in
+	 these types but can generate addition/subtraction for Succ/Pred.  */
+      if (operation_type
+	  && (TREE_CODE (operation_type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE
+	      || TREE_CODE (operation_type) == BOOLEAN_TYPE))
+	operation_type = left_base_type = right_base_type
+	  = gnat_type_for_mode (TYPE_MODE (operation_type),
+				TYPE_UNSIGNED (operation_type));
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    default:
+    common:
+      /* The result type should be the same as the base types of the
+	 both operands (and they should be the same).  Convert
+	 everything to the result type.  */
+
+      gcc_assert (operation_type == left_base_type
+		  && left_base_type == right_base_type);
+      left_operand = convert (operation_type, left_operand);
+      right_operand = convert (operation_type, right_operand);
+    }
+
+  if (modulus && !integer_pow2p (modulus))
+    {
+      result = nonbinary_modular_operation (op_code, operation_type,
+					    left_operand, right_operand);
+      modulus = NULL_TREE;
+    }
+  /* If either operand is a NULL_EXPR, just return a new one.  */
+  else if (TREE_CODE (left_operand) == NULL_EXPR)
+    return build1 (NULL_EXPR, operation_type, TREE_OPERAND (left_operand, 0));
+  else if (TREE_CODE (right_operand) == NULL_EXPR)
+    return build1 (NULL_EXPR, operation_type, TREE_OPERAND (right_operand, 0));
+  else if (op_code == ARRAY_REF || op_code == ARRAY_RANGE_REF)
+    result = fold (build4 (op_code, operation_type, left_operand,
+			   right_operand, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE));
+  else if (op_code == INIT_EXPR || op_code == MODIFY_EXPR)
+    result = build2 (op_code, void_type_node, left_operand, right_operand);
+  else
+    result
+      = fold_build2 (op_code, operation_type, left_operand, right_operand);
+
+  if (TREE_CONSTANT (result))
+    ;
+  else if (op_code == ARRAY_REF || op_code == ARRAY_RANGE_REF)
+    {
+      TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (result) = 1;
+      if (TYPE_VOLATILE (operation_type))
+	TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (result) = 1;
+    }
+  else
+    TREE_CONSTANT (result)
+      |= (TREE_CONSTANT (left_operand) && TREE_CONSTANT (right_operand));
+
+  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (result) |= has_side_effects;
+
+  /* If we are working with modular types, perform the MOD operation
+     if something above hasn't eliminated the need for it.  */
+  if (modulus)
+    result = fold_build2 (FLOOR_MOD_EXPR, operation_type, result,
+			  convert (operation_type, modulus));
+
+  if (result_type && result_type != operation_type)
+    result = convert (result_type, result);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Similar, but for unary operations.  */
+
+tree
+build_unary_op (enum tree_code op_code, tree result_type, tree operand)
+{
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (operand);
+  tree base_type = get_base_type (type);
+  tree operation_type = result_type;
+  tree result;
+
+  if (operation_type
+      && TREE_CODE (operation_type) == RECORD_TYPE
+      && TYPE_JUSTIFIED_MODULAR_P (operation_type))
+    operation_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (operation_type));
+
+  if (operation_type
+      && TREE_CODE (operation_type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+      && TYPE_EXTRA_SUBTYPE_P (operation_type))
+    operation_type = get_base_type (operation_type);
+
+  switch (op_code)
+    {
+    case REALPART_EXPR:
+    case IMAGPART_EXPR:
+      if (!operation_type)
+	result_type = operation_type = TREE_TYPE (type);
+      else
+	gcc_assert (result_type == TREE_TYPE (type));
+
+      result = fold_build1 (op_code, operation_type, operand);
+      break;
+
+    case TRUTH_NOT_EXPR:
+#ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
+      gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (get_base_type (result_type)) == BOOLEAN_TYPE);
+#endif
+      result = invert_truthvalue_loc (EXPR_LOCATION (operand), operand);
+      /* When not optimizing, fold the result as invert_truthvalue_loc
+	 doesn't fold the result of comparisons.  This is intended to undo
+	 the trick used for boolean rvalues in gnat_to_gnu.  */
+      if (!optimize)
+	result = fold (result);
+      break;
+
+    case ATTR_ADDR_EXPR:
+    case ADDR_EXPR:
+      switch (TREE_CODE (operand))
+	{
+	case INDIRECT_REF:
+	case UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF:
+	  result = TREE_OPERAND (operand, 0);
+
+	  /* Make sure the type here is a pointer, not a reference.
+	     GCC wants pointer types for function addresses.  */
+	  if (!result_type)
+	    result_type = build_pointer_type (type);
+
+	  /* If the underlying object can alias everything, propagate the
+	     property since we are effectively retrieving the object.  */
+	  if (POINTER_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (result))
+	      && TYPE_REF_CAN_ALIAS_ALL (TREE_TYPE (result)))
+	    {
+	      if (TREE_CODE (result_type) == POINTER_TYPE
+		  && !TYPE_REF_CAN_ALIAS_ALL (result_type))
+		result_type
+		  = build_pointer_type_for_mode (TREE_TYPE (result_type),
+						 TYPE_MODE (result_type),
+						 true);
+	      else if (TREE_CODE (result_type) == REFERENCE_TYPE
+		       && !TYPE_REF_CAN_ALIAS_ALL (result_type))
+	        result_type
+		  = build_reference_type_for_mode (TREE_TYPE (result_type),
+						   TYPE_MODE (result_type),
+						   true);
+	    }
+	  break;
+
+	case NULL_EXPR:
+	  result = operand;
+	  TREE_TYPE (result) = type = build_pointer_type (type);
+	  break;
+
+	case COMPOUND_EXPR:
+	  /* Fold a compound expression if it has unconstrained array type
+	     since the middle-end cannot handle it.  But we don't it in the
+	     general case because it may introduce aliasing issues if the
+	     first operand is an indirect assignment and the second operand
+	     the corresponding address, e.g. for an allocator.  */
+	  if (TREE_CODE (type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE)
+	    {
+	      result = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, result_type,
+				       TREE_OPERAND (operand, 1));
+	      result = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (result),
+			       TREE_OPERAND (operand, 0), result);
+	      break;
+	    }
+	  goto common;
+
+	case ARRAY_REF:
+	case ARRAY_RANGE_REF:
+	case COMPONENT_REF:
+	case BIT_FIELD_REF:
+	    /* If this is for 'Address, find the address of the prefix and add
+	       the offset to the field.  Otherwise, do this the normal way.  */
+	  if (op_code == ATTR_ADDR_EXPR)
+	    {
+	      HOST_WIDE_INT bitsize;
+	      HOST_WIDE_INT bitpos;
+	      tree offset, inner;
+	      enum machine_mode mode;
+	      int unsignedp, volatilep;
+
+	      inner = get_inner_reference (operand, &bitsize, &bitpos, &offset,
+					   &mode, &unsignedp, &volatilep,
+					   false);
+
+	      /* If INNER is a padding type whose field has a self-referential
+		 size, convert to that inner type.  We know the offset is zero
+		 and we need to have that type visible.  */
+	      if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (TREE_TYPE (inner))
+		  && CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P
+		     (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS
+					    (TREE_TYPE (inner))))))
+		inner = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (TREE_TYPE (inner))),
+				 inner);
+
+	      /* Compute the offset as a byte offset from INNER.  */
+	      if (!offset)
+		offset = size_zero_node;
+
+	      offset = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, offset,
+				   size_int (bitpos / BITS_PER_UNIT));
+
+	      /* Take the address of INNER, convert the offset to void *, and
+		 add then.  It will later be converted to the desired result
+		 type, if any.  */
+	      inner = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, inner);
+	      inner = convert (ptr_void_type_node, inner);
+	      result = build_binary_op (POINTER_PLUS_EXPR, ptr_void_type_node,
+					inner, offset);
+	      result = convert (build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (operand)),
+				result);
+	      break;
+	    }
+	  goto common;
+
+	case CONSTRUCTOR:
+	  /* If this is just a constructor for a padded record, we can
+	     just take the address of the single field and convert it to
+	     a pointer to our type.  */
+	  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (type))
+	    {
+	      result = (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (operand))[0].value;
+	      result = convert (build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (operand)),
+				build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, result));
+	      break;
+	    }
+
+	  goto common;
+
+	case NOP_EXPR:
+	  if (AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (type)
+	      && AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (operand, 0))))
+	    return build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, result_type,
+				   TREE_OPERAND (operand, 0));
+
+	  /* ... fallthru ... */
+
+	case VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR:
+	  /* If this just a variant conversion or if the conversion doesn't
+	     change the mode, get the result type from this type and go down.
+	     This is needed for conversions of CONST_DECLs, to eventually get
+	     to the address of their CORRESPONDING_VARs.  */
+	  if ((TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type)
+	       == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (operand, 0))))
+	      || (TYPE_MODE (type) != BLKmode
+		  && (TYPE_MODE (type)
+		      == TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (operand, 0))))))
+	    return build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR,
+				   (result_type ? result_type
+				    : build_pointer_type (type)),
+				   TREE_OPERAND (operand, 0));
+	  goto common;
+
+	case CONST_DECL:
+	  operand = DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR (operand);
+
+	  /* ... fall through ... */
+
+	default:
+	common:
+
+	  /* If we are taking the address of a padded record whose field
+	     contains a template, take the address of the field.  */
+	  if (TYPE_IS_PADDING_P (type)
+	      && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type))) == RECORD_TYPE
+	      && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type))))
+	    {
+	      type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (type));
+	      operand = convert (type, operand);
+	    }
+
+	  gnat_mark_addressable (operand);
+	  result = build_fold_addr_expr (operand);
+	}
+
+      TREE_CONSTANT (result) = staticp (operand) || TREE_CONSTANT (operand);
+      break;
+
+    case INDIRECT_REF:
+      {
+	tree t = remove_conversions (operand, false);
+	bool can_never_be_null = DECL_P (t) && DECL_CAN_NEVER_BE_NULL_P (t);
+
+	/* If TYPE is a thin pointer, either first retrieve the base if this
+	   is an expression with an offset built for the initialization of an
+	   object with an unconstrained nominal subtype, or else convert to
+	   the fat pointer.  */
+	if (TYPE_IS_THIN_POINTER_P (type))
+	  {
+	    tree rec_type = TREE_TYPE (type);
+
+	    if (TREE_CODE (operand) == POINTER_PLUS_EXPR
+		&& TREE_OPERAND (operand, 1)
+		   == byte_position (DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (rec_type)))
+		&& TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (operand, 0)) == NOP_EXPR)
+	      {
+		operand = TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (operand, 0), 0);
+		type = TREE_TYPE (operand);
+	      }
+	    else if (TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (rec_type))
+	      {
+		operand
+		  = convert (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (rec_type)),
+			     operand);
+		type = TREE_TYPE (operand);
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	/* If we want to refer to an unconstrained array, use the appropriate
+	   expression.  But this will never survive down to the back-end.  */
+	if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (type))
+	  {
+	    result = build1 (UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF,
+			     TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (type), operand);
+	    TREE_READONLY (result)
+	      = TYPE_READONLY (TYPE_UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY (type));
+	  }
+
+	/* If we are dereferencing an ADDR_EXPR, return its operand.  */
+	else if (TREE_CODE (operand) == ADDR_EXPR)
+	  result = TREE_OPERAND (operand, 0);
+
+	/* Otherwise, build and fold the indirect reference.  */
+	else
+	  {
+	    result = build_fold_indirect_ref (operand);
+	    TREE_READONLY (result) = TYPE_READONLY (TREE_TYPE (type));
+	  }
+
+	if (!TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (type) && TYPE_VOLATILE (TREE_TYPE (type)))
+	  {
+	    TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (result) = 1;
+	    if (TREE_CODE (result) == INDIRECT_REF)
+	      TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (result) = TYPE_VOLATILE (TREE_TYPE (result));
+	  }
+
+	if ((TREE_CODE (result) == INDIRECT_REF
+	     || TREE_CODE (result) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF)
+	    && can_never_be_null)
+	  TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (result) = 1;
+
+	break;
+      }
+
+    case NEGATE_EXPR:
+    case BIT_NOT_EXPR:
+      {
+	tree modulus = ((operation_type
+			 && TREE_CODE (operation_type) == INTEGER_TYPE
+			 && TYPE_MODULAR_P (operation_type))
+			? TYPE_MODULUS (operation_type) : NULL_TREE);
+	int mod_pow2 = modulus && integer_pow2p (modulus);
+
+	/* If this is a modular type, there are various possibilities
+	   depending on the operation and whether the modulus is a
+	   power of two or not.  */
+
+	if (modulus)
+	  {
+	    gcc_assert (operation_type == base_type);
+	    operand = convert (operation_type, operand);
+
+	    /* The fastest in the negate case for binary modulus is
+	       the straightforward code; the TRUNC_MOD_EXPR below
+	       is an AND operation.  */
+	    if (op_code == NEGATE_EXPR && mod_pow2)
+	      result = fold_build2 (TRUNC_MOD_EXPR, operation_type,
+				    fold_build1 (NEGATE_EXPR, operation_type,
+						 operand),
+				    modulus);
+
+	    /* For nonbinary negate case, return zero for zero operand,
+	       else return the modulus minus the operand.  If the modulus
+	       is a power of two minus one, we can do the subtraction
+	       as an XOR since it is equivalent and faster on most machines. */
+	    else if (op_code == NEGATE_EXPR && !mod_pow2)
+	      {
+		if (integer_pow2p (fold_build2 (PLUS_EXPR, operation_type,
+						modulus,
+						convert (operation_type,
+							 integer_one_node))))
+		  result = fold_build2 (BIT_XOR_EXPR, operation_type,
+					operand, modulus);
+		else
+		  result = fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, operation_type,
+					modulus, operand);
+
+		result = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, operation_type,
+				      fold_build2 (NE_EXPR,
+						   boolean_type_node,
+						   operand,
+						   convert
+						     (operation_type,
+						      integer_zero_node)),
+				      result, operand);
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		/* For the NOT cases, we need a constant equal to
+		   the modulus minus one.  For a binary modulus, we
+		   XOR against the constant and subtract the operand from
+		   that constant for nonbinary modulus.  */
+
+		tree cnst = fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, operation_type, modulus,
+					 convert (operation_type,
+						  integer_one_node));
+
+		if (mod_pow2)
+		  result = fold_build2 (BIT_XOR_EXPR, operation_type,
+					operand, cnst);
+		else
+		  result = fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, operation_type,
+					cnst, operand);
+	      }
+
+	    break;
+	  }
+      }
+
+      /* ... fall through ... */
+
+    default:
+      gcc_assert (operation_type == base_type);
+      result = fold_build1 (op_code, operation_type,
+			    convert (operation_type, operand));
+    }
+
+  if (result_type && TREE_TYPE (result) != result_type)
+    result = convert (result_type, result);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Similar, but for COND_EXPR.  */
+
+tree
+build_cond_expr (tree result_type, tree condition_operand,
+                 tree true_operand, tree false_operand)
+{
+  bool addr_p = false;
+  tree result;
+
+  /* The front-end verified that result, true and false operands have
+     same base type.  Convert everything to the result type.  */
+  true_operand = convert (result_type, true_operand);
+  false_operand = convert (result_type, false_operand);
+
+  /* If the result type is unconstrained, take the address of the operands and
+     then dereference the result.  Likewise if the result type is passed by
+     reference, because creating a temporary of this type is not allowed.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (result_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE
+      || TYPE_IS_BY_REFERENCE_P (result_type)
+      || CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (result_type)))
+    {
+      result_type = build_pointer_type (result_type);
+      true_operand = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, result_type, true_operand);
+      false_operand = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, result_type, false_operand);
+      addr_p = true;
+    }
+
+  result = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, result_type, condition_operand,
+			true_operand, false_operand);
+
+  /* If we have a common SAVE_EXPR (possibly surrounded by arithmetics)
+     in both arms, make sure it gets evaluated by moving it ahead of the
+     conditional expression.  This is necessary because it is evaluated
+     in only one place at run time and would otherwise be uninitialized
+     in one of the arms.  */
+  true_operand = skip_simple_arithmetic (true_operand);
+  false_operand = skip_simple_arithmetic (false_operand);
+
+  if (true_operand == false_operand && TREE_CODE (true_operand) == SAVE_EXPR)
+    result = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, result_type, true_operand, result);
+
+  if (addr_p)
+    result = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, result);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Similar, but for COMPOUND_EXPR.  */
+
+tree
+build_compound_expr (tree result_type, tree stmt_operand, tree expr_operand)
+{
+  bool addr_p = false;
+  tree result;
+
+  /* If the result type is unconstrained, take the address of the operand and
+     then dereference the result.  Likewise if the result type is passed by
+     reference, but this is natively handled in the gimplifier.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (result_type) == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_TYPE
+      || CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (TYPE_SIZE (result_type)))
+    {
+      result_type = build_pointer_type (result_type);
+      expr_operand = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, result_type, expr_operand);
+      addr_p = true;
+    }
+
+  result = fold_build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, result_type, stmt_operand,
+			expr_operand);
+
+  if (addr_p)
+    result = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, result);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Conveniently construct a function call expression.  FNDECL names the
+   function to be called, N is the number of arguments, and the "..."
+   parameters are the argument expressions.  Unlike build_call_expr
+   this doesn't fold the call, hence it will always return a CALL_EXPR.  */
+
+tree
+build_call_n_expr (tree fndecl, int n, ...)
+{
+  va_list ap;
+  tree fntype = TREE_TYPE (fndecl);
+  tree fn = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, build_pointer_type (fntype), fndecl);
+
+  va_start (ap, n);
+  fn = build_call_valist (TREE_TYPE (fntype), fn, n, ap);
+  va_end (ap);
+  return fn;
+}
+
+/* Call a function that raises an exception and pass the line number and file
+   name, if requested.  MSG says which exception function to call.
+
+   GNAT_NODE is the gnat node conveying the source location for which the
+   error should be signaled, or Empty in which case the error is signaled on
+   the current ref_file_name/input_line.
+
+   KIND says which kind of exception this is for
+   (N_Raise_{Constraint,Storage,Program}_Error).  */
+
+tree
+build_call_raise (int msg, Node_Id gnat_node, char kind)
+{
+  tree fndecl = gnat_raise_decls[msg];
+  tree label = get_exception_label (kind);
+  tree filename;
+  int line_number;
+  const char *str;
+  int len;
+
+  /* If this is to be done as a goto, handle that case.  */
+  if (label)
+    {
+      Entity_Id local_raise = Get_Local_Raise_Call_Entity ();
+      tree gnu_result = build1 (GOTO_EXPR, void_type_node, label);
+
+      /* If Local_Raise is present, generate
+	 Local_Raise (exception'Identity);  */
+      if (Present (local_raise))
+	{
+	  tree gnu_local_raise
+	    = gnat_to_gnu_entity (local_raise, NULL_TREE, 0);
+	  tree gnu_exception_entity
+	    = gnat_to_gnu_entity (Get_RT_Exception_Entity (msg), NULL_TREE, 0);
+	  tree gnu_call
+	    = build_call_n_expr (gnu_local_raise, 1,
+				 build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+						 gnu_exception_entity));
+
+	  gnu_result = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, void_type_node,
+			       gnu_call, gnu_result);}
+
+      return gnu_result;
+    }
+
+  str
+    = (Debug_Flag_NN || Exception_Locations_Suppressed)
+      ? ""
+      : (gnat_node != Empty && Sloc (gnat_node) != No_Location)
+        ? IDENTIFIER_POINTER
+          (get_identifier (Get_Name_String
+			   (Debug_Source_Name
+			    (Get_Source_File_Index (Sloc (gnat_node))))))
+        : ref_filename;
+
+  len = strlen (str);
+  filename = build_string (len, str);
+  line_number
+    = (gnat_node != Empty && Sloc (gnat_node) != No_Location)
+      ? Get_Logical_Line_Number (Sloc(gnat_node))
+      : LOCATION_LINE (input_location);
+
+  TREE_TYPE (filename) = build_array_type (unsigned_char_type_node,
+					   build_index_type (size_int (len)));
+
+  return
+    build_call_n_expr (fndecl, 2,
+		       build1 (ADDR_EXPR,
+			       build_pointer_type (unsigned_char_type_node),
+			       filename),
+		       build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, line_number));
+}
+
+/* Similar to build_call_raise, for an index or range check exception as
+   determined by MSG, with extra information generated of the form
+   "INDEX out of range FIRST..LAST".  */
+
+tree
+build_call_raise_range (int msg, Node_Id gnat_node,
+			tree index, tree first, tree last)
+{
+  tree fndecl = gnat_raise_decls_ext[msg];
+  tree filename;
+  int line_number, column_number;
+  const char *str;
+  int len;
+
+  str
+    = (Debug_Flag_NN || Exception_Locations_Suppressed)
+      ? ""
+      : (gnat_node != Empty && Sloc (gnat_node) != No_Location)
+        ? IDENTIFIER_POINTER
+          (get_identifier (Get_Name_String
+			   (Debug_Source_Name
+			    (Get_Source_File_Index (Sloc (gnat_node))))))
+        : ref_filename;
+
+  len = strlen (str);
+  filename = build_string (len, str);
+  if (gnat_node != Empty && Sloc (gnat_node) != No_Location)
+    {
+      line_number = Get_Logical_Line_Number (Sloc (gnat_node));
+      column_number = Get_Column_Number (Sloc (gnat_node));
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      line_number = LOCATION_LINE (input_location);
+      column_number = 0;
+    }
+
+  TREE_TYPE (filename) = build_array_type (unsigned_char_type_node,
+					   build_index_type (size_int (len)));
+
+  return
+    build_call_n_expr (fndecl, 6,
+		       build1 (ADDR_EXPR,
+			       build_pointer_type (unsigned_char_type_node),
+			       filename),
+		       build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, line_number),
+		       build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, column_number),
+		       convert (integer_type_node, index),
+		       convert (integer_type_node, first),
+		       convert (integer_type_node, last));
+}
+
+/* Similar to build_call_raise, with extra information about the column
+   where the check failed.  */
+
+tree
+build_call_raise_column (int msg, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  tree fndecl = gnat_raise_decls_ext[msg];
+  tree filename;
+  int line_number, column_number;
+  const char *str;
+  int len;
+
+  str
+    = (Debug_Flag_NN || Exception_Locations_Suppressed)
+      ? ""
+      : (gnat_node != Empty && Sloc (gnat_node) != No_Location)
+        ? IDENTIFIER_POINTER
+          (get_identifier (Get_Name_String
+			   (Debug_Source_Name
+			    (Get_Source_File_Index (Sloc (gnat_node))))))
+        : ref_filename;
+
+  len = strlen (str);
+  filename = build_string (len, str);
+  if (gnat_node != Empty && Sloc (gnat_node) != No_Location)
+    {
+      line_number = Get_Logical_Line_Number (Sloc (gnat_node));
+      column_number = Get_Column_Number (Sloc (gnat_node));
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      line_number = LOCATION_LINE (input_location);
+      column_number = 0;
+    }
+
+  TREE_TYPE (filename) = build_array_type (unsigned_char_type_node,
+					   build_index_type (size_int (len)));
+
+  return
+    build_call_n_expr (fndecl, 3,
+		       build1 (ADDR_EXPR,
+			       build_pointer_type (unsigned_char_type_node),
+			       filename),
+		       build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, line_number),
+		       build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, column_number));
+}
+
+/* qsort comparer for the bit positions of two constructor elements
+   for record components.  */
+
+static int
+compare_elmt_bitpos (const PTR rt1, const PTR rt2)
+{
+  const constructor_elt * const elmt1 = (const constructor_elt * const) rt1;
+  const constructor_elt * const elmt2 = (const constructor_elt * const) rt2;
+  const_tree const field1 = elmt1->index;
+  const_tree const field2 = elmt2->index;
+  const int ret
+    = tree_int_cst_compare (bit_position (field1), bit_position (field2));
+
+  return ret ? ret : (int) (DECL_UID (field1) - DECL_UID (field2));
+}
+
+/* Return a CONSTRUCTOR of TYPE whose elements are V.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_build_constructor (tree type, vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v)
+{
+  bool allconstant = (TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (type)) == INTEGER_CST);
+  bool read_only = true;
+  bool side_effects = false;
+  tree result, obj, val;
+  unsigned int n_elmts;
+
+  /* Scan the elements to see if they are all constant or if any has side
+     effects, to let us set global flags on the resulting constructor.  Count
+     the elements along the way for possible sorting purposes below.  */
+  FOR_EACH_CONSTRUCTOR_ELT (v, n_elmts, obj, val)
+    {
+      /* The predicate must be in keeping with output_constructor.  */
+      if ((!TREE_CONSTANT (val) && !TREE_STATIC (val))
+	  || (TREE_CODE (type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	      && CONSTRUCTOR_BITFIELD_P (obj)
+	      && !initializer_constant_valid_for_bitfield_p (val))
+	  || !initializer_constant_valid_p (val, TREE_TYPE (val)))
+	allconstant = false;
+
+      if (!TREE_READONLY (val))
+	read_only = false;
+
+      if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (val))
+	side_effects = true;
+    }
+
+  /* For record types with constant components only, sort field list
+     by increasing bit position.  This is necessary to ensure the
+     constructor can be output as static data.  */
+  if (allconstant && TREE_CODE (type) == RECORD_TYPE && n_elmts > 1)
+    v->qsort (compare_elmt_bitpos);
+
+  result = build_constructor (type, v);
+  CONSTRUCTOR_NO_CLEARING (result) = 1;
+  TREE_CONSTANT (result) = TREE_STATIC (result) = allconstant;
+  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (result) = side_effects;
+  TREE_READONLY (result) = TYPE_READONLY (type) || read_only || allconstant;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Return a COMPONENT_REF to access a field that is given by COMPONENT,
+   an IDENTIFIER_NODE giving the name of the field, or FIELD, a FIELD_DECL,
+   for the field.  Don't fold the result if NO_FOLD_P is true.
+
+   We also handle the fact that we might have been passed a pointer to the
+   actual record and know how to look for fields in variant parts.  */
+
+static tree
+build_simple_component_ref (tree record_variable, tree component, tree field,
+			    bool no_fold_p)
+{
+  tree record_type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (record_variable));
+  tree base, ref;
+
+  gcc_assert (RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (record_type)
+	      && COMPLETE_TYPE_P (record_type)
+	      && (component == NULL_TREE) != (field == NULL_TREE));
+
+  /* If no field was specified, look for a field with the specified name in
+     the current record only.  */
+  if (!field)
+    for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (record_type);
+	 field;
+	 field = DECL_CHAIN (field))
+      if (DECL_NAME (field) == component)
+	break;
+
+  if (!field)
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* If this field is not in the specified record, see if we can find a field
+     in the specified record whose original field is the same as this one.  */
+  if (DECL_CONTEXT (field) != record_type)
+    {
+      tree new_field;
+
+      /* First loop through normal components.  */
+      for (new_field = TYPE_FIELDS (record_type);
+	   new_field;
+	   new_field = DECL_CHAIN (new_field))
+	if (SAME_FIELD_P (field, new_field))
+	  break;
+
+      /* Next, see if we're looking for an inherited component in an extension.
+	 If so, look through the extension directly, unless the type contains
+	 a placeholder, as it might be needed for a later substitution.  */
+      if (!new_field
+	  && TREE_CODE (record_variable) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR
+	  && TYPE_ALIGN_OK (record_type)
+	  && !type_contains_placeholder_p (record_type)
+	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (record_variable, 0)))
+	     == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && TYPE_ALIGN_OK (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (record_variable, 0))))
+	{
+	  ref = build_simple_component_ref (TREE_OPERAND (record_variable, 0),
+					    NULL_TREE, field, no_fold_p);
+	  if (ref)
+	    return ref;
+	}
+
+      /* Next, loop through DECL_INTERNAL_P components if we haven't found the
+	 component in the first search.  Doing this search in two steps is
+	 required to avoid hidden homonymous fields in the _Parent field.  */
+      if (!new_field)
+	for (new_field = TYPE_FIELDS (record_type);
+	     new_field;
+	     new_field = DECL_CHAIN (new_field))
+	  if (DECL_INTERNAL_P (new_field))
+	    {
+	      tree field_ref
+		= build_simple_component_ref (record_variable,
+					      NULL_TREE, new_field, no_fold_p);
+	      ref = build_simple_component_ref (field_ref, NULL_TREE, field,
+						no_fold_p);
+	      if (ref)
+		return ref;
+	    }
+
+      field = new_field;
+    }
+
+  if (!field)
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* If the field's offset has overflowed, do not try to access it, as doing
+     so may trigger sanity checks deeper in the back-end.  Note that we don't
+     need to warn since this will be done on trying to declare the object.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (field)) == INTEGER_CST
+      && TREE_OVERFLOW (DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (field)))
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* We have found a suitable field.  Before building the COMPONENT_REF, get
+     the base object of the record variable if possible.  */
+  base = record_variable;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (record_variable) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR)
+    {
+      tree inner_variable = TREE_OPERAND (record_variable, 0);
+      tree inner_type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (inner_variable));
+
+      /* Look through a conversion between type variants.  This is transparent
+	 as far as the field is concerned.  */
+      if (inner_type == record_type)
+	base = inner_variable;
+
+      /* Look through a conversion between original and packable version, but
+	 the field needs to be adjusted in this case.  */
+      else if (TYPE_NAME (inner_type) == TYPE_NAME (record_type))
+	{
+	  tree new_field;
+
+	  for (new_field = TYPE_FIELDS (inner_type);
+	       new_field;
+	       new_field = DECL_CHAIN (new_field))
+	    if (SAME_FIELD_P (field, new_field))
+	      break;
+	  if (new_field)
+	    {
+	      field = new_field;
+	      base = inner_variable;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  ref = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (field), base, field, NULL_TREE);
+
+  if (TREE_READONLY (record_variable)
+      || TREE_READONLY (field)
+      || TYPE_READONLY (record_type))
+    TREE_READONLY (ref) = 1;
+
+  if (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (record_variable)
+      || TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (field)
+      || TYPE_VOLATILE (record_type))
+    TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (ref) = 1;
+
+  if (no_fold_p)
+    return ref;
+
+  /* The generic folder may punt in this case because the inner array type
+     can be self-referential, but folding is in fact not problematic.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (base) == CONSTRUCTOR
+      && TYPE_CONTAINS_TEMPLATE_P (TREE_TYPE (base)))
+    {
+      vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *elts = CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (base);
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT idx;
+      tree index, value;
+      FOR_EACH_CONSTRUCTOR_ELT (elts, idx, index, value)
+	if (index == field)
+	  return value;
+      return ref;
+    }
+
+  return fold (ref);
+}
+
+/* Likewise, but generate a Constraint_Error if the reference could not be
+   found.  */
+
+tree
+build_component_ref (tree record_variable, tree component, tree field,
+		     bool no_fold_p)
+{
+  tree ref = build_simple_component_ref (record_variable, component, field,
+					 no_fold_p);
+  if (ref)
+    return ref;
+
+  /* If FIELD was specified, assume this is an invalid user field so raise
+     Constraint_Error.  Otherwise, we have no type to return so abort.  */
+  gcc_assert (field);
+  return build1 (NULL_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (field),
+		 build_call_raise (CE_Discriminant_Check_Failed, Empty,
+				   N_Raise_Constraint_Error));
+}
+
+/* Helper for build_call_alloc_dealloc, with arguments to be interpreted
+   identically.  Process the case where a GNAT_PROC to call is provided.  */
+
+static inline tree
+build_call_alloc_dealloc_proc (tree gnu_obj, tree gnu_size, tree gnu_type,
+			       Entity_Id gnat_proc, Entity_Id gnat_pool)
+{
+  tree gnu_proc = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_proc);
+  tree gnu_call;
+
+  /* A storage pool's underlying type is a record type (for both predefined
+     storage pools and GNAT simple storage pools). The secondary stack uses
+     the same mechanism, but its pool object (SS_Pool) is an integer.  */
+  if (Is_Record_Type (Underlying_Type (Etype (gnat_pool))))
+    {
+      /* The size is the third parameter; the alignment is the
+	 same type.  */
+      Entity_Id gnat_size_type
+	= Etype (Next_Formal (Next_Formal (First_Formal (gnat_proc))));
+      tree gnu_size_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_size_type);
+
+      tree gnu_pool = gnat_to_gnu (gnat_pool);
+      tree gnu_pool_addr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, gnu_pool);
+      tree gnu_align = size_int (TYPE_ALIGN (gnu_type) / BITS_PER_UNIT);
+
+      gnu_size = convert (gnu_size_type, gnu_size);
+      gnu_align = convert (gnu_size_type, gnu_align);
+
+      /* The first arg is always the address of the storage pool; next
+	 comes the address of the object, for a deallocator, then the
+	 size and alignment.  */
+      if (gnu_obj)
+	gnu_call = build_call_n_expr (gnu_proc, 4, gnu_pool_addr, gnu_obj,
+				      gnu_size, gnu_align);
+      else
+	gnu_call = build_call_n_expr (gnu_proc, 3, gnu_pool_addr,
+				      gnu_size, gnu_align);
+    }
+
+  /* Secondary stack case.  */
+  else
+    {
+      /* The size is the second parameter.  */
+      Entity_Id gnat_size_type
+	= Etype (Next_Formal (First_Formal (gnat_proc)));
+      tree gnu_size_type = gnat_to_gnu_type (gnat_size_type);
+
+      gnu_size = convert (gnu_size_type, gnu_size);
+
+      /* The first arg is the address of the object, for a deallocator,
+	 then the size.  */
+      if (gnu_obj)
+	gnu_call = build_call_n_expr (gnu_proc, 2, gnu_obj, gnu_size);
+      else
+	gnu_call = build_call_n_expr (gnu_proc, 1, gnu_size);
+    }
+
+  return gnu_call;
+}
+
+/* Helper for build_call_alloc_dealloc, to build and return an allocator for
+   DATA_SIZE bytes aimed at containing a DATA_TYPE object, using the default
+   __gnat_malloc allocator.  Honor DATA_TYPE alignments greater than what the
+   latter offers.  */
+
+static inline tree
+maybe_wrap_malloc (tree data_size, tree data_type, Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  /* When the DATA_TYPE alignment is stricter than what malloc offers
+     (super-aligned case), we allocate an "aligning" wrapper type and return
+     the address of its single data field with the malloc's return value
+     stored just in front.  */
+
+  unsigned int data_align = TYPE_ALIGN (data_type);
+  unsigned int system_allocator_alignment
+      = get_target_system_allocator_alignment () * BITS_PER_UNIT;
+
+  tree aligning_type
+    = ((data_align > system_allocator_alignment)
+       ? make_aligning_type (data_type, data_align, data_size,
+			     system_allocator_alignment,
+			     POINTER_SIZE / BITS_PER_UNIT,
+			     gnat_node)
+       : NULL_TREE);
+
+  tree size_to_malloc
+    = aligning_type ? TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (aligning_type) : data_size;
+
+  tree malloc_ptr;
+
+  /* On VMS, if pointers are 64-bit and the allocator size is 32-bit or
+     Convention C, allocate 32-bit memory.  */
+  if (TARGET_ABI_OPEN_VMS
+      && POINTER_SIZE == 64
+      && Nkind (gnat_node) == N_Allocator
+      && (UI_To_Int (Esize (Etype (gnat_node))) == 32
+          || Convention (Etype (gnat_node)) == Convention_C))
+    malloc_ptr = build_call_n_expr (malloc32_decl, 1, size_to_malloc);
+  else
+    malloc_ptr = build_call_n_expr (malloc_decl, 1, size_to_malloc);
+
+  if (aligning_type)
+    {
+      /* Latch malloc's return value and get a pointer to the aligning field
+	 first.  */
+      tree storage_ptr = gnat_protect_expr (malloc_ptr);
+
+      tree aligning_record_addr
+	= convert (build_pointer_type (aligning_type), storage_ptr);
+
+      tree aligning_record
+	= build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, aligning_record_addr);
+
+      tree aligning_field
+	= build_component_ref (aligning_record, NULL_TREE,
+			       TYPE_FIELDS (aligning_type), false);
+
+      tree aligning_field_addr
+        = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, NULL_TREE, aligning_field);
+
+      /* Then arrange to store the allocator's return value ahead
+	 and return.  */
+      tree storage_ptr_slot_addr
+	= build_binary_op (POINTER_PLUS_EXPR, ptr_void_type_node,
+			   convert (ptr_void_type_node, aligning_field_addr),
+			   size_int (-(HOST_WIDE_INT) POINTER_SIZE
+				     / BITS_PER_UNIT));
+
+      tree storage_ptr_slot
+	= build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+			  convert (build_pointer_type (ptr_void_type_node),
+				   storage_ptr_slot_addr));
+
+      return
+	build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (aligning_field_addr),
+		build_binary_op (INIT_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+				 storage_ptr_slot, storage_ptr),
+		aligning_field_addr);
+    }
+  else
+    return malloc_ptr;
+}
+
+/* Helper for build_call_alloc_dealloc, to release a DATA_TYPE object
+   designated by DATA_PTR using the __gnat_free entry point.  */
+
+static inline tree
+maybe_wrap_free (tree data_ptr, tree data_type)
+{
+  /* In the regular alignment case, we pass the data pointer straight to free.
+     In the superaligned case, we need to retrieve the initial allocator
+     return value, stored in front of the data block at allocation time.  */
+
+  unsigned int data_align = TYPE_ALIGN (data_type);
+  unsigned int system_allocator_alignment
+      = get_target_system_allocator_alignment () * BITS_PER_UNIT;
+
+  tree free_ptr;
+
+  if (data_align > system_allocator_alignment)
+    {
+      /* DATA_FRONT_PTR (void *)
+	 = (void *)DATA_PTR - (void *)sizeof (void *))  */
+      tree data_front_ptr
+	= build_binary_op
+	  (POINTER_PLUS_EXPR, ptr_void_type_node,
+	   convert (ptr_void_type_node, data_ptr),
+	   size_int (-(HOST_WIDE_INT) POINTER_SIZE / BITS_PER_UNIT));
+
+      /* FREE_PTR (void *) = *(void **)DATA_FRONT_PTR  */
+      free_ptr
+	= build_unary_op
+	  (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE,
+	   convert (build_pointer_type (ptr_void_type_node), data_front_ptr));
+    }
+  else
+    free_ptr = data_ptr;
+
+  return build_call_n_expr (free_decl, 1, free_ptr);
+}
+
+/* Build a GCC tree to call an allocation or deallocation function.
+   If GNU_OBJ is nonzero, it is an object to deallocate.  Otherwise,
+   generate an allocator.
+
+   GNU_SIZE is the number of bytes to allocate and GNU_TYPE is the contained
+   object type, used to determine the to-be-honored address alignment.
+   GNAT_PROC, if present, is a procedure to call and GNAT_POOL is the storage
+   pool to use.  If not present, malloc and free are used.  GNAT_NODE is used
+   to provide an error location for restriction violation messages.  */
+
+tree
+build_call_alloc_dealloc (tree gnu_obj, tree gnu_size, tree gnu_type,
+                          Entity_Id gnat_proc, Entity_Id gnat_pool,
+                          Node_Id gnat_node)
+{
+  gnu_size = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (gnu_size, gnu_obj);
+
+  /* Explicit proc to call ?  This one is assumed to deal with the type
+     alignment constraints.  */
+  if (Present (gnat_proc))
+    return build_call_alloc_dealloc_proc (gnu_obj, gnu_size, gnu_type,
+					  gnat_proc, gnat_pool);
+
+  /* Otherwise, object to "free" or "malloc" with possible special processing
+     for alignments stricter than what the default allocator honors.  */
+  else if (gnu_obj)
+    return maybe_wrap_free (gnu_obj, gnu_type);
+  else
+    {
+      /* Assert that we no longer can be called with this special pool.  */
+      gcc_assert (gnat_pool != -1);
+
+      /* Check that we aren't violating the associated restriction.  */
+      if (!(Nkind (gnat_node) == N_Allocator && Comes_From_Source (gnat_node)))
+	Check_No_Implicit_Heap_Alloc (gnat_node);
+
+      return maybe_wrap_malloc (gnu_size, gnu_type, gnat_node);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Build a GCC tree that corresponds to allocating an object of TYPE whose
+   initial value is INIT, if INIT is nonzero.  Convert the expression to
+   RESULT_TYPE, which must be some pointer type, and return the result.
+
+   GNAT_PROC and GNAT_POOL optionally give the procedure to call and
+   the storage pool to use.  GNAT_NODE is used to provide an error
+   location for restriction violation messages.  If IGNORE_INIT_TYPE is
+   true, ignore the type of INIT for the purpose of determining the size;
+   this will cause the maximum size to be allocated if TYPE is of
+   self-referential size.  */
+
+tree
+build_allocator (tree type, tree init, tree result_type, Entity_Id gnat_proc,
+                 Entity_Id gnat_pool, Node_Id gnat_node, bool ignore_init_type)
+{
+  tree size, storage, storage_deref, storage_init;
+
+  /* If the initializer, if present, is a NULL_EXPR, just return a new one.  */
+  if (init && TREE_CODE (init) == NULL_EXPR)
+    return build1 (NULL_EXPR, result_type, TREE_OPERAND (init, 0));
+
+  /* If the initializer, if present, is a COND_EXPR, deal with each branch.  */
+  else if (init && TREE_CODE (init) == COND_EXPR)
+    return build3 (COND_EXPR, result_type, TREE_OPERAND (init, 0),
+		   build_allocator (type, TREE_OPERAND (init, 1), result_type,
+				    gnat_proc, gnat_pool, gnat_node,
+				    ignore_init_type),
+		   build_allocator (type, TREE_OPERAND (init, 2), result_type,
+				    gnat_proc, gnat_pool, gnat_node,
+				    ignore_init_type));
+
+  /* If RESULT_TYPE is a fat or thin pointer, set SIZE to be the sum of the
+     sizes of the object and its template.  Allocate the whole thing and
+     fill in the parts that are known.  */
+  else if (TYPE_IS_FAT_OR_THIN_POINTER_P (result_type))
+    {
+      tree storage_type
+	= build_unc_object_type_from_ptr (result_type, type,
+					  get_identifier ("ALLOC"), false);
+      tree template_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_FIELDS (storage_type));
+      tree storage_ptr_type = build_pointer_type (storage_type);
+
+      size = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (storage_type),
+					     init);
+
+      /* If the size overflows, pass -1 so Storage_Error will be raised.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST && !valid_constant_size_p (size))
+	size = size_int (-1);
+
+      storage = build_call_alloc_dealloc (NULL_TREE, size, storage_type,
+					  gnat_proc, gnat_pool, gnat_node);
+      storage = convert (storage_ptr_type, gnat_protect_expr (storage));
+      storage_deref = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, storage);
+      TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (storage_deref) = 1;
+
+      /* If there is an initializing expression, then make a constructor for
+	 the entire object including the bounds and copy it into the object.
+	 If there is no initializing expression, just set the bounds.  */
+      if (init)
+	{
+	  vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *v;
+	  vec_alloc (v, 2);
+
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, TYPE_FIELDS (storage_type),
+				  build_template (template_type, type, init));
+	  CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (v, DECL_CHAIN (TYPE_FIELDS (storage_type)),
+				  init);
+	  storage_init
+	    = build_binary_op (INIT_EXPR, NULL_TREE, storage_deref,
+			       gnat_build_constructor (storage_type, v));
+	}
+      else
+	storage_init
+	  = build_binary_op (INIT_EXPR, NULL_TREE,
+			     build_component_ref (storage_deref, NULL_TREE,
+						  TYPE_FIELDS (storage_type),
+						  false),
+			     build_template (template_type, type, NULL_TREE));
+
+      return build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, result_type,
+		     storage_init, convert (result_type, storage));
+    }
+
+  size = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type);
+
+  /* If we have an initializing expression, see if its size is simpler
+     than the size from the type.  */
+  if (!ignore_init_type && init && TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (TREE_TYPE (init))
+      && (TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (TREE_TYPE (init))) == INTEGER_CST
+	  || CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (size)))
+    size = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (TREE_TYPE (init));
+
+  /* If the size is still self-referential, reference the initializing
+     expression, if it is present.  If not, this must have been a
+     call to allocate a library-level object, in which case we use
+     the maximum size.  */
+  if (CONTAINS_PLACEHOLDER_P (size))
+    {
+      if (!ignore_init_type && init)
+	size = substitute_placeholder_in_expr (size, init);
+      else
+	size = max_size (size, true);
+    }
+
+  /* If the size overflows, pass -1 so Storage_Error will be raised.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST && !valid_constant_size_p (size))
+    size = size_int (-1);
+
+  storage = convert (result_type,
+		     build_call_alloc_dealloc (NULL_TREE, size, type,
+					       gnat_proc, gnat_pool,
+					       gnat_node));
+
+  /* If we have an initial value, protect the new address, assign the value
+     and return the address with a COMPOUND_EXPR.  */
+  if (init)
+    {
+      storage = gnat_protect_expr (storage);
+      storage_deref = build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, NULL_TREE, storage);
+      TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (storage_deref) = 1;
+      storage_init
+	= build_binary_op (INIT_EXPR, NULL_TREE, storage_deref, init);
+      return build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, result_type, storage_init, storage);
+    }
+
+  return storage;
+}
+
+/* Indicate that we need to take the address of T and that it therefore
+   should not be allocated in a register.  Returns true if successful.  */
+
+bool
+gnat_mark_addressable (tree t)
+{
+  while (true)
+    switch (TREE_CODE (t))
+      {
+      case ADDR_EXPR:
+      case COMPONENT_REF:
+      case ARRAY_REF:
+      case ARRAY_RANGE_REF:
+      case REALPART_EXPR:
+      case IMAGPART_EXPR:
+      case VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR:
+      case NON_LVALUE_EXPR:
+      CASE_CONVERT:
+	t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
+	break;
+
+      case COMPOUND_EXPR:
+	t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 1);
+	break;
+
+      case CONSTRUCTOR:
+	TREE_ADDRESSABLE (t) = 1;
+	return true;
+
+      case VAR_DECL:
+      case PARM_DECL:
+      case RESULT_DECL:
+	TREE_ADDRESSABLE (t) = 1;
+	return true;
+
+      case FUNCTION_DECL:
+	TREE_ADDRESSABLE (t) = 1;
+	return true;
+
+      case CONST_DECL:
+	return DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR (t)
+	       && gnat_mark_addressable (DECL_CONST_CORRESPONDING_VAR (t));
+
+      default:
+	return true;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Save EXP for later use or reuse.  This is equivalent to save_expr in tree.c
+   but we know how to handle our own nodes.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_save_expr (tree exp)
+{
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (exp);
+
+  if (TREE_CONSTANT (exp) || code == SAVE_EXPR || code == NULL_EXPR)
+    return exp;
+
+  if (code == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF)
+    {
+      tree t = build1 (code, type, gnat_save_expr (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0)));
+      TREE_READONLY (t) = TYPE_READONLY (type);
+      return t;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is a COMPONENT_REF of a fat pointer, save the entire fat pointer.
+     This may be more efficient, but will also allow us to more easily find
+     the match for the PLACEHOLDER_EXPR.  */
+  if (code == COMPONENT_REF
+      && TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0))))
+    return build3 (code, type, gnat_save_expr (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0)),
+		   TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1), TREE_OPERAND (exp, 2));
+
+  return save_expr (exp);
+}
+
+/* Protect EXP for immediate reuse.  This is a variant of gnat_save_expr that
+   is optimized under the assumption that EXP's value doesn't change before
+   its subsequent reuse(s) except through its potential reevaluation.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_protect_expr (tree exp)
+{
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (exp);
+
+  if (TREE_CONSTANT (exp) || code == SAVE_EXPR || code == NULL_EXPR)
+    return exp;
+
+  /* If EXP has no side effects, we theoretically don't need to do anything.
+     However, we may be recursively passed more and more complex expressions
+     involving checks which will be reused multiple times and eventually be
+     unshared for gimplification; in order to avoid a complexity explosion
+     at that point, we protect any expressions more complex than a simple
+     arithmetic expression.  */
+  if (!TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (exp))
+    {
+      tree inner = skip_simple_arithmetic (exp);
+      if (!EXPR_P (inner) || REFERENCE_CLASS_P (inner))
+	return exp;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is a conversion, protect what's inside the conversion.  */
+  if (code == NON_LVALUE_EXPR
+      || CONVERT_EXPR_CODE_P (code)
+      || code == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR)
+  return build1 (code, type, gnat_protect_expr (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0)));
+
+  /* If we're indirectly referencing something, we only need to protect the
+     address since the data itself can't change in these situations.  */
+  if (code == INDIRECT_REF || code == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF)
+    {
+      tree t = build1 (code, type, gnat_protect_expr (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0)));
+      TREE_READONLY (t) = TYPE_READONLY (type);
+      return t;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is a COMPONENT_REF of a fat pointer, save the entire fat pointer.
+     This may be more efficient, but will also allow us to more easily find
+     the match for the PLACEHOLDER_EXPR.  */
+  if (code == COMPONENT_REF
+      && TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0))))
+    return build3 (code, type, gnat_protect_expr (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0)),
+		   TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1), TREE_OPERAND (exp, 2));
+
+  /* If this is a fat pointer or something that can be placed in a register,
+     just make a SAVE_EXPR.  Likewise for a CALL_EXPR as large objects are
+     returned via invisible reference in most ABIs so the temporary will
+     directly be filled by the callee.  */
+  if (TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (type)
+      || TYPE_MODE (type) != BLKmode
+      || code == CALL_EXPR)
+    return save_expr (exp);
+
+  /* Otherwise reference, protect the address and dereference.  */
+  return
+    build_unary_op (INDIRECT_REF, type,
+		    save_expr (build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR,
+					       build_reference_type (type),
+					       exp)));
+}
+
+/* This is equivalent to stabilize_reference_1 in tree.c but we take an extra
+   argument to force evaluation of everything.  */
+
+static tree
+gnat_stabilize_reference_1 (tree e, bool force)
+{
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (e);
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (e);
+  tree result;
+
+  /* We cannot ignore const expressions because it might be a reference
+     to a const array but whose index contains side-effects.  But we can
+     ignore things that are actual constant or that already have been
+     handled by this function.  */
+  if (TREE_CONSTANT (e) || code == SAVE_EXPR)
+    return e;
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE_CLASS (code))
+    {
+    case tcc_exceptional:
+    case tcc_declaration:
+    case tcc_comparison:
+    case tcc_expression:
+    case tcc_reference:
+    case tcc_vl_exp:
+      /* If this is a COMPONENT_REF of a fat pointer, save the entire
+	 fat pointer.  This may be more efficient, but will also allow
+	 us to more easily find the match for the PLACEHOLDER_EXPR.  */
+      if (code == COMPONENT_REF
+	  && TYPE_IS_FAT_POINTER_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (e, 0))))
+	result
+	  = build3 (code, type,
+		    gnat_stabilize_reference_1 (TREE_OPERAND (e, 0), force),
+		    TREE_OPERAND (e, 1), TREE_OPERAND (e, 2));
+      /* If the expression has side-effects, then encase it in a SAVE_EXPR
+	 so that it will only be evaluated once.  */
+      /* The tcc_reference and tcc_comparison classes could be handled as
+	 below, but it is generally faster to only evaluate them once.  */
+      else if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (e) || force)
+	return save_expr (e);
+      else
+	return e;
+      break;
+
+    case tcc_binary:
+      /* Recursively stabilize each operand.  */
+      result
+	= build2 (code, type,
+		  gnat_stabilize_reference_1 (TREE_OPERAND (e, 0), force),
+		  gnat_stabilize_reference_1 (TREE_OPERAND (e, 1), force));
+      break;
+
+    case tcc_unary:
+      /* Recursively stabilize each operand.  */
+      result
+	= build1 (code, type,
+		  gnat_stabilize_reference_1 (TREE_OPERAND (e, 0), force));
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  /* See similar handling in gnat_stabilize_reference.  */
+  TREE_READONLY (result) = TREE_READONLY (e);
+  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (result) |= TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (e);
+  TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (result) = TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (e);
+
+  if (code == INDIRECT_REF
+      || code == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF
+      || code == ARRAY_REF
+      || code == ARRAY_RANGE_REF)
+    TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (result) = TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (e);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* This is equivalent to stabilize_reference in tree.c but we know how to
+   handle our own nodes and we take extra arguments.  FORCE says whether to
+   force evaluation of everything.  We set SUCCESS to true unless we walk
+   through something we don't know how to stabilize.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_stabilize_reference (tree ref, bool force, bool *success)
+{
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (ref);
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (ref);
+  tree result;
+
+  /* Assume we'll success unless proven otherwise.  */
+  if (success)
+    *success = true;
+
+  switch (code)
+    {
+    case CONST_DECL:
+    case VAR_DECL:
+    case PARM_DECL:
+    case RESULT_DECL:
+      /* No action is needed in this case.  */
+      return ref;
+
+    case ADDR_EXPR:
+    CASE_CONVERT:
+    case FLOAT_EXPR:
+    case FIX_TRUNC_EXPR:
+    case VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR:
+      result
+	= build1 (code, type,
+		  gnat_stabilize_reference (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0), force,
+					    success));
+      break;
+
+    case INDIRECT_REF:
+    case UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF:
+      result = build1 (code, type,
+		       gnat_stabilize_reference_1 (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0),
+						   force));
+      break;
+
+    case COMPONENT_REF:
+     result = build3 (COMPONENT_REF, type,
+		      gnat_stabilize_reference (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0), force,
+						success),
+		      TREE_OPERAND (ref, 1), NULL_TREE);
+      break;
+
+    case BIT_FIELD_REF:
+      result = build3 (BIT_FIELD_REF, type,
+		       gnat_stabilize_reference (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0), force,
+						 success),
+		       TREE_OPERAND (ref, 1), TREE_OPERAND (ref, 2));
+      break;
+
+    case ARRAY_REF:
+    case ARRAY_RANGE_REF:
+      result = build4 (code, type,
+		       gnat_stabilize_reference (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0), force,
+						 success),
+		       gnat_stabilize_reference_1 (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 1),
+						   force),
+		       NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
+      break;
+
+    case CALL_EXPR:
+      result = gnat_stabilize_reference_1 (ref, force);
+      break;
+
+    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
+      result = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, type,
+		       gnat_stabilize_reference (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0), force,
+						 success),
+		       gnat_stabilize_reference (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 1), force,
+						 success));
+      break;
+
+    case CONSTRUCTOR:
+      /* Constructors with 1 element are used extensively to formally
+	 convert objects to special wrapping types.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (type) == RECORD_TYPE
+	  && vec_safe_length (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (ref)) == 1)
+	{
+	  tree index = (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (ref))[0].index;
+	  tree value = (*CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (ref))[0].value;
+	  result
+	    = build_constructor_single (type, index,
+					gnat_stabilize_reference_1 (value,
+								    force));
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  if (success)
+	    *success = false;
+	  return ref;
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case ERROR_MARK:
+      ref = error_mark_node;
+
+      /* ...  fall through to failure ... */
+
+      /* If arg isn't a kind of lvalue we recognize, make no change.
+	 Caller should recognize the error for an invalid lvalue.  */
+    default:
+      if (success)
+	*success = false;
+      return ref;
+    }
+
+  /* TREE_THIS_VOLATILE and TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS set on the initial expression
+     may not be sustained across some paths, such as the way via build1 for
+     INDIRECT_REF.  We reset those flags here in the general case, which is
+     consistent with the GCC version of this routine.
+
+     Special care should be taken regarding TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS, because some
+     paths introduce side-effects where there was none initially (e.g. if a
+     SAVE_EXPR is built) and we also want to keep track of that.  */
+  TREE_READONLY (result) = TREE_READONLY (ref);
+  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (result) |= TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (ref);
+  TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (result) = TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (ref);
+
+  if (code == INDIRECT_REF
+      || code == UNCONSTRAINED_ARRAY_REF
+      || code == ARRAY_REF
+      || code == ARRAY_RANGE_REF)
+    TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (result) = TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (ref);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* If EXPR is an expression that is invariant in the current function, in the
+   sense that it can be evaluated anywhere in the function and any number of
+   times, return EXPR or an equivalent expression.  Otherwise return NULL.  */
+
+tree
+gnat_invariant_expr (tree expr)
+{
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (expr), t;
+
+  expr = remove_conversions (expr, false);
+
+  while ((TREE_CODE (expr) == CONST_DECL
+	  || (TREE_CODE (expr) == VAR_DECL && TREE_READONLY (expr)))
+	 && decl_function_context (expr) == current_function_decl
+	 && DECL_INITIAL (expr))
+    expr = remove_conversions (DECL_INITIAL (expr), false);
+
+  if (TREE_CONSTANT (expr))
+    return fold_convert (type, expr);
+
+  t = expr;
+
+  while (true)
+    {
+      switch (TREE_CODE (t))
+	{
+	case COMPONENT_REF:
+	  if (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2) != NULL_TREE)
+	    return NULL_TREE;
+	  break;
+
+	case ARRAY_REF:
+	case ARRAY_RANGE_REF:
+	  if (!TREE_CONSTANT (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1))
+	      || TREE_OPERAND (t, 2) != NULL_TREE
+	      || TREE_OPERAND (t, 3) != NULL_TREE)
+	    return NULL_TREE;
+	  break;
+
+	case BIT_FIELD_REF:
+	case VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR:
+	case REALPART_EXPR:
+	case IMAGPART_EXPR:
+	  break;
+
+	case INDIRECT_REF:
+	  if (!TREE_READONLY (t)
+	      || TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (t)
+	      || !TREE_THIS_NOTRAP (t))
+	    return NULL_TREE;
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  goto object;
+	}
+
+      t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
+    }
+
+object:
+  if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (t))
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (t) == CONST_DECL
+      && (DECL_EXTERNAL (t)
+	  || decl_function_context (t) != current_function_decl))
+    return fold_convert (type, expr);
+
+  if (!TREE_READONLY (t))
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (t) == CONSTRUCTOR || TREE_CODE (t) == PARM_DECL)
+    return fold_convert (type, expr);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (t) == VAR_DECL
+      && (DECL_EXTERNAL (t)
+	  || decl_function_context (t) != current_function_decl))
+    return fold_convert (type, expr);
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}