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-/* Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- Contributed by Richard Henderson <rth@redhat.com>.
-
- This file is part of the GNU Transactional Memory Library (libitm).
-
- Libitm is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Libitm is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
- WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
- FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
- more details.
-
- Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
- permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
- 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
- a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
- see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
- <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
-
-#include "libitm_i.h"
-#include <pthread.h>
-
-
-using namespace GTM;
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_ARCH_GTM_THREAD) || !defined(HAVE_ARCH_GTM_THREAD_DISP)
-extern __thread gtm_thread_tls _gtm_thr_tls;
-#endif
-
-gtm_rwlock GTM::gtm_thread::serial_lock;
-gtm_thread *GTM::gtm_thread::list_of_threads = 0;
-unsigned GTM::gtm_thread::number_of_threads = 0;
-
-gtm_stmlock GTM::gtm_stmlock_array[LOCK_ARRAY_SIZE];
-atomic<gtm_version> GTM::gtm_clock;
-
-/* ??? Move elsewhere when we figure out library initialization. */
-uint64_t GTM::gtm_spin_count_var = 1000;
-
-#ifdef HAVE_64BIT_SYNC_BUILTINS
-static atomic<_ITM_transactionId_t> global_tid;
-#else
-static _ITM_transactionId_t global_tid;
-static pthread_mutex_t global_tid_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
-#endif
-
-
-// Provides a on-thread-exit callback used to release per-thread data.
-static pthread_key_t thr_release_key;
-static pthread_once_t thr_release_once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
-
-// See gtm_thread::begin_transaction.
-uint32_t GTM::htm_fastpath = 0;
-
-/* Allocate a transaction structure. */
-void *
-GTM::gtm_thread::operator new (size_t s)
-{
- void *tx;
-
- assert(s == sizeof(gtm_thread));
-
- tx = xmalloc (sizeof (gtm_thread), true);
- memset (tx, 0, sizeof (gtm_thread));
-
- return tx;
-}
-
-/* Free the given transaction. Raises an error if the transaction is still
- in use. */
-void
-GTM::gtm_thread::operator delete(void *tx)
-{
- free(tx);
-}
-
-static void
-thread_exit_handler(void *)
-{
- gtm_thread *thr = gtm_thr();
- if (thr)
- delete thr;
- set_gtm_thr(0);
-}
-
-static void
-thread_exit_init()
-{
- if (pthread_key_create(&thr_release_key, thread_exit_handler))
- GTM_fatal("Creating thread release TLS key failed.");
-}
-
-
-GTM::gtm_thread::~gtm_thread()
-{
- if (nesting > 0)
- GTM_fatal("Thread exit while a transaction is still active.");
-
- // Deregister this transaction.
- serial_lock.write_lock ();
- gtm_thread **prev = &list_of_threads;
- for (; *prev; prev = &(*prev)->next_thread)
- {
- if (*prev == this)
- {
- *prev = (*prev)->next_thread;
- break;
- }
- }
- number_of_threads--;
- number_of_threads_changed(number_of_threads + 1, number_of_threads);
- serial_lock.write_unlock ();
-}
-
-GTM::gtm_thread::gtm_thread ()
-{
- // This object's memory has been set to zero by operator new, so no need
- // to initialize any of the other primitive-type members that do not have
- // constructors.
- shared_state.store(-1, memory_order_relaxed);
-
- // Register this transaction with the list of all threads' transactions.
- serial_lock.write_lock ();
- next_thread = list_of_threads;
- list_of_threads = this;
- number_of_threads++;
- number_of_threads_changed(number_of_threads - 1, number_of_threads);
- serial_lock.write_unlock ();
-
- if (pthread_once(&thr_release_once, thread_exit_init))
- GTM_fatal("Initializing thread release TLS key failed.");
- // Any non-null value is sufficient to trigger destruction of this
- // transaction when the current thread terminates.
- if (pthread_setspecific(thr_release_key, this))
- GTM_fatal("Setting thread release TLS key failed.");
-}
-
-static inline uint32_t
-choose_code_path(uint32_t prop, abi_dispatch *disp)
-{
- if ((prop & pr_uninstrumentedCode) && disp->can_run_uninstrumented_code())
- return a_runUninstrumentedCode;
- else
- return a_runInstrumentedCode;
-}
-
-uint32_t
-GTM::gtm_thread::begin_transaction (uint32_t prop, const gtm_jmpbuf *jb)
-{
- static const _ITM_transactionId_t tid_block_size = 1 << 16;
-
- gtm_thread *tx;
- abi_dispatch *disp;
- uint32_t ret;
-
- // ??? pr_undoLogCode is not properly defined in the ABI. Are barriers
- // omitted because they are not necessary (e.g., a transaction on thread-
- // local data) or because the compiler thinks that some kind of global
- // synchronization might perform better?
- if (unlikely(prop & pr_undoLogCode))
- GTM_fatal("pr_undoLogCode not supported");
-
-#if defined(USE_HTM_FASTPATH) && !defined(HTM_CUSTOM_FASTPATH)
- // HTM fastpath. Only chosen in the absence of transaction_cancel to allow
- // using an uninstrumented code path.
- // The fastpath is enabled only by dispatch_htm's method group, which uses
- // serial-mode methods as fallback. Serial-mode transactions cannot execute
- // concurrently with HW transactions because the latter monitor the serial
- // lock's writer flag and thus abort if another thread is or becomes a
- // serial transaction. Therefore, if the fastpath is enabled, then a
- // transaction is not executing as a HW transaction iff the serial lock is
- // write-locked. This allows us to use htm_fastpath and the serial lock's
- // writer flag to reliable determine whether the current thread runs a HW
- // transaction, and thus we do not need to maintain this information in
- // per-thread state.
- // If an uninstrumented code path is not available, we can still run
- // instrumented code from a HW transaction because the HTM fastpath kicks
- // in early in both begin and commit, and the transaction is not canceled.
- // HW transactions might get requests to switch to serial-irrevocable mode,
- // but these can be ignored because the HTM provides all necessary
- // correctness guarantees. Transactions cannot detect whether they are
- // indeed in serial mode, and HW transactions should never need serial mode
- // for any internal changes (e.g., they never abort visibly to the STM code
- // and thus do not trigger the standard retry handling).
- if (likely(htm_fastpath && (prop & pr_hasNoAbort)))
- {
- for (uint32_t t = htm_fastpath; t; t--)
- {
- uint32_t ret = htm_begin();
- if (htm_begin_success(ret))
- {
- // We are executing a transaction now.
- // Monitor the writer flag in the serial-mode lock, and abort
- // if there is an active or waiting serial-mode transaction.
- if (unlikely(serial_lock.is_write_locked()))
- htm_abort();
- else
- // We do not need to set a_saveLiveVariables because of HTM.
- return (prop & pr_uninstrumentedCode) ?
- a_runUninstrumentedCode : a_runInstrumentedCode;
- }
- // The transaction has aborted. Don't retry if it's unlikely that
- // retrying the transaction will be successful.
- if (!htm_abort_should_retry(ret))
- break;
- // Wait until any concurrent serial-mode transactions have finished.
- // This is an empty critical section, but won't be elided.
- if (serial_lock.is_write_locked())
- {
- tx = gtm_thr();
- if (unlikely(tx == NULL))
- {
- // See below.
- tx = new gtm_thread();
- set_gtm_thr(tx);
- }
- serial_lock.read_lock(tx);
- serial_lock.read_unlock(tx);
- // TODO We should probably reset the retry count t here, unless
- // we have retried so often that we should go serial to avoid
- // starvation.
- }
- }
- }
-#endif
-
- tx = gtm_thr();
- if (unlikely(tx == NULL))
- {
- // Create the thread object. The constructor will also set up automatic
- // deletion on thread termination.
- tx = new gtm_thread();
- set_gtm_thr(tx);
- }
-
- if (tx->nesting > 0)
- {
- // This is a nested transaction.
- // Check prop compatibility:
- // The ABI requires pr_hasNoFloatUpdate, pr_hasNoVectorUpdate,
- // pr_hasNoIrrevocable, pr_aWBarriersOmitted, pr_RaRBarriersOmitted, and
- // pr_hasNoSimpleReads to hold for the full dynamic scope of a
- // transaction. We could check that these are set for the nested
- // transaction if they are also set for the parent transaction, but the
- // ABI does not require these flags to be set if they could be set,
- // so the check could be too strict.
- // ??? For pr_readOnly, lexical or dynamic scope is unspecified.
-
- if (prop & pr_hasNoAbort)
- {
- // We can use flat nesting, so elide this transaction.
- if (!(prop & pr_instrumentedCode))
- {
- if (!(tx->state & STATE_SERIAL) ||
- !(tx->state & STATE_IRREVOCABLE))
- tx->serialirr_mode();
- }
- // Increment nesting level after checking that we have a method that
- // allows us to continue.
- tx->nesting++;
- return choose_code_path(prop, abi_disp());
- }
-
- // The transaction might abort, so use closed nesting if possible.
- // pr_hasNoAbort has lexical scope, so the compiler should really have
- // generated an instrumented code path.
- assert(prop & pr_instrumentedCode);
-
- // Create a checkpoint of the current transaction.
- gtm_transaction_cp *cp = tx->parent_txns.push();
- cp->save(tx);
- new (&tx->alloc_actions) aa_tree<uintptr_t, gtm_alloc_action>();
-
- // Check whether the current method actually supports closed nesting.
- // If we can switch to another one, do so.
- // If not, we assume that actual aborts are infrequent, and rather
- // restart in _ITM_abortTransaction when we really have to.
- disp = abi_disp();
- if (!disp->closed_nesting())
- {
- // ??? Should we elide the transaction if there is no alternative
- // method that supports closed nesting? If we do, we need to set
- // some flag to prevent _ITM_abortTransaction from aborting the
- // wrong transaction (i.e., some parent transaction).
- abi_dispatch *cn_disp = disp->closed_nesting_alternative();
- if (cn_disp)
- {
- disp = cn_disp;
- set_abi_disp(disp);
- }
- }
- }
- else
- {
- // Outermost transaction
- disp = tx->decide_begin_dispatch (prop);
- set_abi_disp (disp);
- }
-
- // Initialization that is common for outermost and nested transactions.
- tx->prop = prop;
- tx->nesting++;
-
- tx->jb = *jb;
-
- // As long as we have not exhausted a previously allocated block of TIDs,
- // we can avoid an atomic operation on a shared cacheline.
- if (tx->local_tid & (tid_block_size - 1))
- tx->id = tx->local_tid++;
- else
- {
-#ifdef HAVE_64BIT_SYNC_BUILTINS
- // We don't really care which block of TIDs we get but only that we
- // acquire one atomically; therefore, relaxed memory order is
- // sufficient.
- tx->id = global_tid.fetch_add(tid_block_size, memory_order_relaxed);
- tx->local_tid = tx->id + 1;
-#else
- pthread_mutex_lock (&global_tid_lock);
- global_tid += tid_block_size;
- tx->id = global_tid;
- tx->local_tid = tx->id + 1;
- pthread_mutex_unlock (&global_tid_lock);
-#endif
- }
-
- // Run dispatch-specific restart code. Retry until we succeed.
- GTM::gtm_restart_reason rr;
- while ((rr = disp->begin_or_restart()) != NO_RESTART)
- {
- tx->decide_retry_strategy(rr);
- disp = abi_disp();
- }
-
- // Determine the code path to run. Only irrevocable transactions cannot be
- // restarted, so all other transactions need to save live variables.
- ret = choose_code_path(prop, disp);
- if (!(tx->state & STATE_IRREVOCABLE))
- ret |= a_saveLiveVariables;
- return ret;
-}
-
-
-void
-GTM::gtm_transaction_cp::save(gtm_thread* tx)
-{
- // Save everything that we might have to restore on restarts or aborts.
- jb = tx->jb;
- undolog_size = tx->undolog.size();
- memcpy(&alloc_actions, &tx->alloc_actions, sizeof(alloc_actions));
- user_actions_size = tx->user_actions.size();
- id = tx->id;
- prop = tx->prop;
- cxa_catch_count = tx->cxa_catch_count;
- cxa_unthrown = tx->cxa_unthrown;
- disp = abi_disp();
- nesting = tx->nesting;
-}
-
-void
-GTM::gtm_transaction_cp::commit(gtm_thread* tx)
-{
- // Restore state that is not persistent across commits. Exception handling,
- // information, nesting level, and any logs do not need to be restored on
- // commits of nested transactions. Allocation actions must be committed
- // before committing the snapshot.
- tx->jb = jb;
- memcpy(&tx->alloc_actions, &alloc_actions, sizeof(alloc_actions));
- tx->id = id;
- tx->prop = prop;
-}
-
-
-void
-GTM::gtm_thread::rollback (gtm_transaction_cp *cp, bool aborting)
-{
- // The undo log is special in that it used for both thread-local and shared
- // data. Because of the latter, we have to roll it back before any
- // dispatch-specific rollback (which handles synchronization with other
- // transactions).
- undolog.rollback (this, cp ? cp->undolog_size : 0);
-
- // Perform dispatch-specific rollback.
- abi_disp()->rollback (cp);
-
- // Roll back all actions that are supposed to happen around the transaction.
- rollback_user_actions (cp ? cp->user_actions_size : 0);
- commit_allocations (true, (cp ? &cp->alloc_actions : 0));
- revert_cpp_exceptions (cp);
-
- if (cp)
- {
- // We do not yet handle restarts of nested transactions. To do that, we
- // would have to restore some state (jb, id, prop, nesting) not to the
- // checkpoint but to the transaction that was started from this
- // checkpoint (e.g., nesting = cp->nesting + 1);
- assert(aborting);
- // Roll back the rest of the state to the checkpoint.
- jb = cp->jb;
- id = cp->id;
- prop = cp->prop;
- if (cp->disp != abi_disp())
- set_abi_disp(cp->disp);
- memcpy(&alloc_actions, &cp->alloc_actions, sizeof(alloc_actions));
- nesting = cp->nesting;
- }
- else
- {
- // Roll back to the outermost transaction.
- // Restore the jump buffer and transaction properties, which we will
- // need for the longjmp used to restart or abort the transaction.
- if (parent_txns.size() > 0)
- {
- jb = parent_txns[0].jb;
- id = parent_txns[0].id;
- prop = parent_txns[0].prop;
- }
- // Reset the transaction. Do not reset this->state, which is handled by
- // the callers. Note that if we are not aborting, we reset the
- // transaction to the point after having executed begin_transaction
- // (we will return from it), so the nesting level must be one, not zero.
- nesting = (aborting ? 0 : 1);
- parent_txns.clear();
- }
-
- if (this->eh_in_flight)
- {
- _Unwind_DeleteException ((_Unwind_Exception *) this->eh_in_flight);
- this->eh_in_flight = NULL;
- }
-}
-
-void ITM_REGPARM
-_ITM_abortTransaction (_ITM_abortReason reason)
-{
- gtm_thread *tx = gtm_thr();
-
- assert (reason == userAbort || reason == (userAbort | outerAbort));
- assert ((tx->prop & pr_hasNoAbort) == 0);
-
- if (tx->state & gtm_thread::STATE_IRREVOCABLE)
- abort ();
-
- // Roll back to innermost transaction.
- if (tx->parent_txns.size() > 0 && !(reason & outerAbort))
- {
- // If the current method does not support closed nesting but we are
- // nested and must only roll back the innermost transaction, then
- // restart with a method that supports closed nesting.
- abi_dispatch *disp = abi_disp();
- if (!disp->closed_nesting())
- tx->restart(RESTART_CLOSED_NESTING);
-
- // The innermost transaction is a closed nested transaction.
- gtm_transaction_cp *cp = tx->parent_txns.pop();
- uint32_t longjmp_prop = tx->prop;
- gtm_jmpbuf longjmp_jb = tx->jb;
-
- tx->rollback (cp, true);
-
- // Jump to nested transaction (use the saved jump buffer).
- GTM_longjmp (a_abortTransaction | a_restoreLiveVariables,
- &longjmp_jb, longjmp_prop);
- }
- else
- {
- // There is no nested transaction or an abort of the outermost
- // transaction was requested, so roll back to the outermost transaction.
- tx->rollback (0, true);
-
- // Aborting an outermost transaction finishes execution of the whole
- // transaction. Therefore, reset transaction state.
- if (tx->state & gtm_thread::STATE_SERIAL)
- gtm_thread::serial_lock.write_unlock ();
- else
- gtm_thread::serial_lock.read_unlock (tx);
- tx->state = 0;
-
- GTM_longjmp (a_abortTransaction | a_restoreLiveVariables,
- &tx->jb, tx->prop);
- }
-}
-
-bool
-GTM::gtm_thread::trycommit ()
-{
- nesting--;
-
- // Skip any real commit for elided transactions.
- if (nesting > 0 && (parent_txns.size() == 0 ||
- nesting > parent_txns[parent_txns.size() - 1].nesting))
- return true;
-
- if (nesting > 0)
- {
- // Commit of a closed-nested transaction. Remove one checkpoint and add
- // any effects of this transaction to the parent transaction.
- gtm_transaction_cp *cp = parent_txns.pop();
- commit_allocations(false, &cp->alloc_actions);
- cp->commit(this);
- return true;
- }
-
- // Commit of an outermost transaction.
- gtm_word priv_time = 0;
- if (abi_disp()->trycommit (priv_time))
- {
- // The transaction is now inactive. Everything that we still have to do
- // will not synchronize with other transactions anymore.
- if (state & gtm_thread::STATE_SERIAL)
- {
- gtm_thread::serial_lock.write_unlock ();
- // There are no other active transactions, so there's no need to
- // enforce privatization safety.
- priv_time = 0;
- }
- else
- gtm_thread::serial_lock.read_unlock (this);
- state = 0;
-
- // We can commit the undo log after dispatch-specific commit and after
- // making the transaction inactive because we only have to reset
- // gtm_thread state.
- undolog.commit ();
- // Reset further transaction state.
- cxa_catch_count = 0;
- cxa_unthrown = NULL;
- restart_total = 0;
-
- // Ensure privatization safety, if necessary.
- if (priv_time)
- {
- // There must be a seq_cst fence between the following loads of the
- // other transactions' shared_state and the dispatch-specific stores
- // that signal updates by this transaction (e.g., lock
- // acquisitions). This ensures that if we read prior to other
- // reader transactions setting their shared_state to 0, then those
- // readers will observe our updates. We can reuse the seq_cst fence
- // in serial_lock.read_unlock() however, so we don't need another
- // one here.
- // TODO Don't just spin but also block using cond vars / futexes
- // here. Should probably be integrated with the serial lock code.
- for (gtm_thread *it = gtm_thread::list_of_threads; it != 0;
- it = it->next_thread)
- {
- if (it == this) continue;
- // We need to load other threads' shared_state using acquire
- // semantics (matching the release semantics of the respective
- // updates). This is necessary to ensure that the other
- // threads' memory accesses happen before our actions that
- // assume privatization safety.
- // TODO Are there any platform-specific optimizations (e.g.,
- // merging barriers)?
- while (it->shared_state.load(memory_order_acquire) < priv_time)
- cpu_relax();
- }
- }
-
- // After ensuring privatization safety, we execute potentially
- // privatizing actions (e.g., calling free()). User actions are first.
- commit_user_actions ();
- commit_allocations (false, 0);
-
- return true;
- }
- return false;
-}
-
-void ITM_NORETURN
-GTM::gtm_thread::restart (gtm_restart_reason r, bool finish_serial_upgrade)
-{
- // Roll back to outermost transaction. Do not reset transaction state because
- // we will continue executing this transaction.
- rollback ();
-
- // If we have to restart while an upgrade of the serial lock is happening,
- // we need to finish this here, after rollback (to ensure privatization
- // safety despite undo writes) and before deciding about the retry strategy
- // (which could switch to/from serial mode).
- if (finish_serial_upgrade)
- gtm_thread::serial_lock.write_upgrade_finish(this);
-
- decide_retry_strategy (r);
-
- // Run dispatch-specific restart code. Retry until we succeed.
- abi_dispatch* disp = abi_disp();
- GTM::gtm_restart_reason rr;
- while ((rr = disp->begin_or_restart()) != NO_RESTART)
- {
- decide_retry_strategy(rr);
- disp = abi_disp();
- }
-
- GTM_longjmp (choose_code_path(prop, disp) | a_restoreLiveVariables,
- &jb, prop);
-}
-
-void ITM_REGPARM
-_ITM_commitTransaction(void)
-{
-#if defined(USE_HTM_FASTPATH)
- // HTM fastpath. If we are not executing a HW transaction, then we will be
- // a serial-mode transaction. If we are, then there will be no other
- // concurrent serial-mode transaction.
- // See gtm_thread::begin_transaction.
- if (likely(htm_fastpath && !gtm_thread::serial_lock.is_write_locked()))
- {
- htm_commit();
- return;
- }
-#endif
- gtm_thread *tx = gtm_thr();
- if (!tx->trycommit ())
- tx->restart (RESTART_VALIDATE_COMMIT);
-}
-
-void ITM_REGPARM
-_ITM_commitTransactionEH(void *exc_ptr)
-{
-#if defined(USE_HTM_FASTPATH)
- // See _ITM_commitTransaction.
- if (likely(htm_fastpath && !gtm_thread::serial_lock.is_write_locked()))
- {
- htm_commit();
- return;
- }
-#endif
- gtm_thread *tx = gtm_thr();
- if (!tx->trycommit ())
- {
- tx->eh_in_flight = exc_ptr;
- tx->restart (RESTART_VALIDATE_COMMIT);
- }
-}