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-// backend.h -- Go frontend interface to backend -*- C++ -*-
-
-// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-#ifndef GO_BACKEND_H
-#define GO_BACKEND_H
-
-// Pointers to these types are created by the backend, passed to the
-// frontend, and passed back to the backend. The types must be
-// defined by the backend using these names.
-
-// The backend representation of a type.
-class Btype;
-
-// The backend represention of an expression.
-class Bexpression;
-
-// The backend representation of a statement.
-class Bstatement;
-
-// The backend representation of a function definition.
-class Bfunction;
-
-// The backend representation of a block.
-class Bblock;
-
-// The backend representation of a variable.
-class Bvariable;
-
-// The backend representation of a label.
-class Blabel;
-
-// The backend interface. This is a pure abstract class that a
-// specific backend will implement.
-
-class Backend
-{
- public:
- virtual ~Backend() { }
-
- // Name/type/location. Used for function parameters, struct fields,
- // interface methods.
- struct Btyped_identifier
- {
- std::string name;
- Btype* btype;
- Location location;
-
- Btyped_identifier()
- : name(), btype(NULL), location(UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
- { }
-
- Btyped_identifier(const std::string& a_name, Btype* a_btype,
- Location a_location)
- : name(a_name), btype(a_btype), location(a_location)
- { }
- };
-
- // Types.
-
- // Produce an error type. Actually the backend could probably just
- // crash if this is called.
- virtual Btype*
- error_type() = 0;
-
- // Get a void type. This is used in (at least) two ways: 1) as the
- // return type of a function with no result parameters; 2)
- // unsafe.Pointer is represented as *void.
- virtual Btype*
- void_type() = 0;
-
- // Get the unnamed boolean type.
- virtual Btype*
- bool_type() = 0;
-
- // Get an unnamed integer type with the given signedness and number
- // of bits.
- virtual Btype*
- integer_type(bool is_unsigned, int bits) = 0;
-
- // Get an unnamed floating point type with the given number of bits
- // (32 or 64).
- virtual Btype*
- float_type(int bits) = 0;
-
- // Get an unnamed complex type with the given number of bits (64 or 128).
- virtual Btype*
- complex_type(int bits) = 0;
-
- // Get a pointer type.
- virtual Btype*
- pointer_type(Btype* to_type) = 0;
-
- // Get a function type. The receiver, parameter, and results are
- // generated from the types in the Function_type. The Function_type
- // is provided so that the names are available.
- virtual Btype*
- function_type(const Btyped_identifier& receiver,
- const std::vector<Btyped_identifier>& parameters,
- const std::vector<Btyped_identifier>& results,
- Location location) = 0;
-
- // Get a struct type.
- virtual Btype*
- struct_type(const std::vector<Btyped_identifier>& fields) = 0;
-
- // Get an array type.
- virtual Btype*
- array_type(Btype* element_type, Bexpression* length) = 0;
-
- // Create a placeholder pointer type. This is used for a named
- // pointer type, since in Go a pointer type may refer to itself.
- // NAME is the name of the type, and the location is where the named
- // type is defined. This function is also used for unnamed function
- // types with multiple results, in which case the type has no name
- // and NAME will be empty. FOR_FUNCTION is true if this is for a Go
- // function type, which corresponds to a C/C++ pointer to function
- // type. The return value will later be passed as the first
- // parameter to set_placeholder_pointer_type or
- // set_placeholder_function_type.
- virtual Btype*
- placeholder_pointer_type(const std::string& name, Location,
- bool for_function) = 0;
-
- // Fill in a placeholder pointer type as a pointer. This takes a
- // type returned by placeholder_pointer_type and arranges for it to
- // point to the type that TO_TYPE points to (that is, PLACEHOLDER
- // becomes the same type as TO_TYPE). Returns true on success,
- // false on failure.
- virtual bool
- set_placeholder_pointer_type(Btype* placeholder, Btype* to_type) = 0;
-
- // Fill in a placeholder pointer type as a function. This takes a
- // type returned by placeholder_pointer_type and arranges for it to
- // become a real Go function type (which corresponds to a C/C++
- // pointer to function type). FT will be something returned by the
- // function_type method. Returns true on success, false on failure.
- virtual bool
- set_placeholder_function_type(Btype* placeholder, Btype* ft) = 0;
-
- // Create a placeholder struct type. This is used for a named
- // struct type, as with placeholder_pointer_type. It is also used
- // for interface types, in which case NAME will be the empty string.
- virtual Btype*
- placeholder_struct_type(const std::string& name, Location) = 0;
-
- // Fill in a placeholder struct type. This takes a type returned by
- // placeholder_struct_type and arranges for it to become a real
- // struct type. The parameter is as for struct_type. Returns true
- // on success, false on failure.
- virtual bool
- set_placeholder_struct_type(Btype* placeholder,
- const std::vector<Btyped_identifier>& fields)
- = 0;
-
- // Create a placeholder array type. This is used for a named array
- // type, as with placeholder_pointer_type, to handle cases like
- // type A []*A.
- virtual Btype*
- placeholder_array_type(const std::string& name, Location) = 0;
-
- // Fill in a placeholder array type. This takes a type returned by
- // placeholder_array_type and arranges for it to become a real array
- // type. The parameters are as for array_type. Returns true on
- // success, false on failure.
- virtual bool
- set_placeholder_array_type(Btype* placeholder, Btype* element_type,
- Bexpression* length) = 0;
-
- // Return a named version of a type. The location is the location
- // of the type definition. This will not be called for a type
- // created via placeholder_pointer_type, placeholder_struct_type, or
- // placeholder_array_type.. (It may be called for a pointer,
- // struct, or array type in a case like "type P *byte; type Q P".)
- virtual Btype*
- named_type(const std::string& name, Btype*, Location) = 0;
-
- // Create a marker for a circular pointer type. Go pointer and
- // function types can refer to themselves in ways that are not
- // permitted in C/C++. When a circular type is found, this function
- // is called for the circular reference. This permits the backend
- // to decide how to handle such a type. PLACEHOLDER is the
- // placeholder type which has already been created; if the backend
- // is prepared to handle a circular pointer type, it may simply
- // return PLACEHOLDER. FOR_FUNCTION is true if this is for a
- // function type.
- //
- // For "type P *P" the sequence of calls will be
- // bt1 = placeholder_pointer_type();
- // bt2 = circular_pointer_type(bt1, false);
- // set_placeholder_pointer_type(bt1, bt2);
- virtual Btype*
- circular_pointer_type(Btype* placeholder, bool for_function) = 0;
-
- // Return whether the argument could be a special type created by
- // circular_pointer_type. This is used to introduce explicit type
- // conversions where needed. If circular_pointer_type returns its
- // PLACEHOLDER parameter, this may safely always return false.
- virtual bool
- is_circular_pointer_type(Btype*) = 0;
-
- // Return the size of a type.
- virtual size_t
- type_size(Btype*) = 0;
-
- // Return the alignment of a type.
- virtual size_t
- type_alignment(Btype*) = 0;
-
- // Return the alignment of a struct field of this type. This is
- // normally the same as type_alignment, but not always.
- virtual size_t
- type_field_alignment(Btype*) = 0;
-
- // Return the offset of field INDEX in a struct type. INDEX is the
- // entry in the FIELDS std::vector parameter of struct_type or
- // set_placeholder_struct_type.
- virtual size_t
- type_field_offset(Btype*, size_t index) = 0;
-
- // Expressions.
-
- // Return an expression for a zero value of the given type. This is
- // used for cases such as local variable initialization and
- // converting nil to other types.
- virtual Bexpression*
- zero_expression(Btype*) = 0;
-
- // Statements.
-
- // Create an error statement. This is used for cases which should
- // not occur in a correct program, in order to keep the compilation
- // going without crashing.
- virtual Bstatement*
- error_statement() = 0;
-
- // Create an expression statement.
- virtual Bstatement*
- expression_statement(Bexpression*) = 0;
-
- // Create a variable initialization statement. This initializes a
- // local variable at the point in the program flow where it is
- // declared.
- virtual Bstatement*
- init_statement(Bvariable* var, Bexpression* init) = 0;
-
- // Create an assignment statement.
- virtual Bstatement*
- assignment_statement(Bexpression* lhs, Bexpression* rhs,
- Location) = 0;
-
- // Create a return statement, passing the representation of the
- // function and the list of values to return.
- virtual Bstatement*
- return_statement(Bfunction*, const std::vector<Bexpression*>&,
- Location) = 0;
-
- // Create an if statement. ELSE_BLOCK may be NULL.
- virtual Bstatement*
- if_statement(Bexpression* condition, Bblock* then_block, Bblock* else_block,
- Location) = 0;
-
- // Create a switch statement where the case values are constants.
- // CASES and STATEMENTS must have the same number of entries. If
- // VALUE matches any of the list in CASES[i], which will all be
- // integers, then STATEMENTS[i] is executed. STATEMENTS[i] will
- // either end with a goto statement or will fall through into
- // STATEMENTS[i + 1]. CASES[i] is empty for the default clause,
- // which need not be last.
- virtual Bstatement*
- switch_statement(Bexpression* value,
- const std::vector<std::vector<Bexpression*> >& cases,
- const std::vector<Bstatement*>& statements,
- Location) = 0;
-
- // Create a single statement from two statements.
- virtual Bstatement*
- compound_statement(Bstatement*, Bstatement*) = 0;
-
- // Create a single statement from a list of statements.
- virtual Bstatement*
- statement_list(const std::vector<Bstatement*>&) = 0;
-
- // Blocks.
-
- // Create a block. The frontend will call this function when it
- // starts converting a block within a function. FUNCTION is the
- // current function. ENCLOSING is the enclosing block; it will be
- // NULL for the top-level block in a function. VARS is the list of
- // local variables defined within this block; each entry will be
- // created by the local_variable function. START_LOCATION is the
- // location of the start of the block, more or less the location of
- // the initial curly brace. END_LOCATION is the location of the end
- // of the block, more or less the location of the final curly brace.
- // The statements will be added after the block is created.
- virtual Bblock*
- block(Bfunction* function, Bblock* enclosing,
- const std::vector<Bvariable*>& vars,
- Location start_location, Location end_location) = 0;
-
- // Add the statements to a block. The block is created first. Then
- // the statements are created. Then the statements are added to the
- // block. This will called exactly once per block. The vector may
- // be empty if there are no statements.
- virtual void
- block_add_statements(Bblock*, const std::vector<Bstatement*>&) = 0;
-
- // Return the block as a statement. This is used to include a block
- // in a list of statements.
- virtual Bstatement*
- block_statement(Bblock*) = 0;
-
- // Variables.
-
- // Create an error variable. This is used for cases which should
- // not occur in a correct program, in order to keep the compilation
- // going without crashing.
- virtual Bvariable*
- error_variable() = 0;
-
- // Create a global variable. PACKAGE_NAME is the name of the
- // package where the variable is defined. PKGPATH is the package
- // path for that package, from the -fgo-pkgpath or -fgo-prefix
- // option. NAME is the name of the variable. BTYPE is the type of
- // the variable. IS_EXTERNAL is true if the variable is defined in
- // some other package. IS_HIDDEN is true if the variable is not
- // exported (name begins with a lower case letter).
- // IN_UNIQUE_SECTION is true if the variable should be put into a
- // unique section if possible; this is intended to permit the linker
- // to garbage collect the variable if it is not referenced.
- // LOCATION is where the variable was defined.
- virtual Bvariable*
- global_variable(const std::string& package_name,
- const std::string& pkgpath,
- const std::string& name,
- Btype* btype,
- bool is_external,
- bool is_hidden,
- bool in_unique_section,
- Location location) = 0;
-
- // A global variable will 1) be initialized to zero, or 2) be
- // initialized to a constant value, or 3) be initialized in the init
- // function. In case 2, the frontend will call
- // global_variable_set_init to set the initial value. If this is
- // not called, the backend should initialize a global variable to 0.
- // The init function may then assign a value to it.
- virtual void
- global_variable_set_init(Bvariable*, Bexpression*) = 0;
-
- // Create a local variable. The frontend will create the local
- // variables first, and then create the block which contains them.
- // FUNCTION is the function in which the variable is defined. NAME
- // is the name of the variable. TYPE is the type. IS_ADDRESS_TAKEN
- // is true if the address of this variable is taken (this implies
- // that the address does not escape the function, as otherwise the
- // variable would be on the heap). LOCATION is where the variable
- // is defined. For each local variable the frontend will call
- // init_statement to set the initial value.
- virtual Bvariable*
- local_variable(Bfunction* function, const std::string& name, Btype* type,
- bool is_address_taken, Location location) = 0;
-
- // Create a function parameter. This is an incoming parameter, not
- // a result parameter (result parameters are treated as local
- // variables). The arguments are as for local_variable.
- virtual Bvariable*
- parameter_variable(Bfunction* function, const std::string& name,
- Btype* type, bool is_address_taken,
- Location location) = 0;
-
- // Create a temporary variable. A temporary variable has no name,
- // just a type. We pass in FUNCTION and BLOCK in case they are
- // needed. If INIT is not NULL, the variable should be initialized
- // to that value. Otherwise the initial value is irrelevant--the
- // backend does not have to explicitly initialize it to zero.
- // ADDRESS_IS_TAKEN is true if the programs needs to take the
- // address of this temporary variable. LOCATION is the location of
- // the statement or expression which requires creating the temporary
- // variable, and may not be very useful. This function should
- // return a variable which can be referenced later and should set
- // *PSTATEMENT to a statement which initializes the variable.
- virtual Bvariable*
- temporary_variable(Bfunction*, Bblock*, Btype*, Bexpression* init,
- bool address_is_taken, Location location,
- Bstatement** pstatement) = 0;
-
- // Create a named immutable initialized data structure. This is
- // used for type descriptors and map descriptors. This returns a
- // Bvariable because it corresponds to an initialized const global
- // variable in C.
- //
- // NAME is the name to use for the initialized global variable which
- // this call will create.
- //
- // IS_COMMON is true if NAME may be defined by several packages, and
- // the linker should merge all such definitions. If IS_COMMON is
- // false, NAME should be defined in only one file. In general
- // IS_COMMON will be true for the type descriptor of an unnamed type
- // or a builtin type.
- //
- // TYPE will be a struct type; the type of the returned expression
- // must be a pointer to this struct type.
- //
- // We must create the named structure before we know its
- // initializer, because the initializer may refer to its own
- // address. After calling this the frontend will call
- // immutable_struct_set_init.
- virtual Bvariable*
- immutable_struct(const std::string& name, bool is_common, Btype* type,
- Location) = 0;
-
- // Set the initial value of a variable created by immutable_struct.
- // The NAME, IS_COMMON, TYPE, and location parameters are the same
- // ones passed to immutable_struct. INITIALIZER will be a composite
- // literal of type TYPE. It will not contain any function calls or
- // anything else which can not be put into a read-only data section.
- // It may contain the address of variables created by
- // immutable_struct.
- virtual void
- immutable_struct_set_init(Bvariable*, const std::string& name,
- bool is_common, Btype* type, Location,
- Bexpression* initializer) = 0;
-
- // Create a reference to a named immutable initialized data
- // structure defined in some other package. This will be a
- // structure created by a call to immutable_struct with the same
- // NAME and TYPE and with IS_COMMON passed as false. This
- // corresponds to an extern const global variable in C.
- virtual Bvariable*
- immutable_struct_reference(const std::string& name, Btype* type,
- Location) = 0;
-
- // Labels.
-
- // Create a new label. NAME will be empty if this is a label
- // created by the frontend for a loop construct. The location is
- // where the the label is defined.
- virtual Blabel*
- label(Bfunction*, const std::string& name, Location) = 0;
-
- // Create a statement which defines a label. This statement will be
- // put into the codestream at the point where the label should be
- // defined.
- virtual Bstatement*
- label_definition_statement(Blabel*) = 0;
-
- // Create a goto statement to a label.
- virtual Bstatement*
- goto_statement(Blabel*, Location) = 0;
-
- // Create an expression for the address of a label. This is used to
- // get the return address of a deferred function which may call
- // recover.
- virtual Bexpression*
- label_address(Blabel*, Location) = 0;
-};
-
-// The backend interface has to define this function.
-
-extern Backend* go_get_backend();
-
-// FIXME: Temporary helper functions while converting to new backend
-// interface.
-
-extern Btype* tree_to_type(tree);
-extern Bexpression* tree_to_expr(tree);
-extern Bstatement* tree_to_stat(tree);
-extern Bfunction* tree_to_function(tree);
-extern Bblock* tree_to_block(tree);
-extern tree type_to_tree(Btype*);
-extern tree expr_to_tree(Bexpression*);
-extern tree stat_to_tree(Bstatement*);
-extern tree block_to_tree(Bblock*);
-extern tree var_to_tree(Bvariable*);
-
-#endif // !defined(GO_BACKEND_H)