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+/* Unsafe.java - Unsafe operations needed for concurrency
+ Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation
+
+This file is part of GNU Classpath.
+
+GNU Classpath is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+any later version.
+
+GNU Classpath is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with GNU Classpath; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
+Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+02110-1301 USA.
+
+Linking this library statically or dynamically with other modules is
+making a combined work based on this library. Thus, the terms and
+conditions of the GNU General Public License cover the whole
+combination.
+
+As a special exception, the copyright holders of this library give you
+permission to link this library with independent modules to produce an
+executable, regardless of the license terms of these independent
+modules, and to copy and distribute the resulting executable under
+terms of your choice, provided that you also meet, for each linked
+independent module, the terms and conditions of the license of that
+module. An independent module is a module which is not derived from
+or based on this library. If you modify this library, you may extend
+this exception to your version of the library, but you are not
+obligated to do so. If you do not wish to do so, delete this
+exception statement from your version. */
+
+package sun.misc;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+/**
+ * This class should provide access to low-level operations and its
+ * use should be limited to trusted code. Fields can be accessed using
+ * memory addresses, with undefined behaviour occurring if invalid memory
+ * addresses are given.
+ *
+ * @author Tom Tromey (tromey@redhat.com)
+ * @author Andrew John Hughes (gnu_andrew@member.fsf.org)
+ */
+public class Unsafe
+{
+ // Singleton class.
+ private static Unsafe unsafe = new Unsafe();
+
+ /**
+ * Private default constructor to prevent creation of an arbitrary
+ * number of instances.
+ */
+ private Unsafe()
+ {
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieve the singleton instance of <code>Unsafe</code>. The calling
+ * method should guard this instance from untrusted code, as it provides
+ * access to low-level operations such as direct memory access.
+ *
+ * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and prevents
+ * access to the system properties.
+ */
+ public static Unsafe getUnsafe()
+ {
+ SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+ if (sm != null)
+ sm.checkPropertiesAccess();
+ return unsafe;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns the memory address offset of the given static field.
+ * The offset is merely used as a means to access a particular field
+ * in the other methods of this class. The value is unique to the given
+ * field and the same value should be returned on each subsequent call.
+ *
+ * @param field the field whose offset should be returned.
+ * @return the offset of the given field.
+ */
+ public native long objectFieldOffset(Field field);
+
+ /**
+ * Compares the value of the integer field at the specified offset
+ * in the supplied object with the given expected value, and updates
+ * it if they match. The operation of this method should be atomic,
+ * thus providing an uninterruptible way of updating an integer field.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
+ * @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @param expect the expected value of the field.
+ * @param update the new value of the field if it equals <code>expect</code>.
+ * @return true if the field was changed.
+ */
+ public native boolean compareAndSwapInt(Object obj, long offset,
+ int expect, int update);
+
+ /**
+ * Compares the value of the long field at the specified offset
+ * in the supplied object with the given expected value, and updates
+ * it if they match. The operation of this method should be atomic,
+ * thus providing an uninterruptible way of updating a long field.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
+ * @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @param expect the expected value of the field.
+ * @param update the new value of the field if it equals <code>expect</code>.
+ * @return true if the field was changed.
+ */
+ public native boolean compareAndSwapLong(Object obj, long offset,
+ long expect, long update);
+
+ /**
+ * Compares the value of the object field at the specified offset
+ * in the supplied object with the given expected value, and updates
+ * it if they match. The operation of this method should be atomic,
+ * thus providing an uninterruptible way of updating an object field.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
+ * @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @param expect the expected value of the field.
+ * @param update the new value of the field if it equals <code>expect</code>.
+ * @return true if the field was changed.
+ */
+ public native boolean compareAndSwapObject(Object obj, long offset,
+ Object expect, Object update);
+
+ /**
+ * Sets the value of the integer field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object to the given value. This is an ordered or lazy
+ * version of <code>putIntVolatile(Object,long,int)</code>, which
+ * doesn't guarantee the immediate visibility of the change to other
+ * threads. It is only really useful where the integer field is
+ * <code>volatile</code>, and is thus expected to change unexpectedly.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
+ * @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @param value the new value of the field.
+ * @see #putIntVolatile(Object,long,int)
+ */
+ public native void putOrderedInt(Object obj, long offset, int value);
+
+ /**
+ * Sets the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object to the given value. This is an ordered or lazy
+ * version of <code>putLongVolatile(Object,long,long)</code>, which
+ * doesn't guarantee the immediate visibility of the change to other
+ * threads. It is only really useful where the long field is
+ * <code>volatile</code>, and is thus expected to change unexpectedly.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
+ * @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @param value the new value of the field.
+ * @see #putLongVolatile(Object,long,long)
+ */
+ public native void putOrderedLong(Object obj, long offset, long value);
+
+ /**
+ * Sets the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object to the given value. This is an ordered or lazy
+ * version of <code>putObjectVolatile(Object,long,Object)</code>, which
+ * doesn't guarantee the immediate visibility of the change to other
+ * threads. It is only really useful where the object field is
+ * <code>volatile</code>, and is thus expected to change unexpectedly.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
+ * @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @param value the new value of the field.
+ */
+ public native void putOrderedObject(Object obj, long offset, Object value);
+
+ /**
+ * Sets the value of the integer field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object to the given value, with volatile store semantics.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
+ * @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @param value the new value of the field.
+ */
+ public native void putIntVolatile(Object obj, long offset, int value);
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the value of the integer field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object with volatile load semantics.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to read.
+ * @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
+ */
+ public native int getIntVolatile(Object obj, long offset);
+
+ /**
+ * Sets the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object to the given value, with volatile store semantics.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
+ * @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @param value the new value of the field.
+ * @see #putLong(Object,long,long)
+ */
+ public native void putLongVolatile(Object obj, long offset, long value);
+
+ /**
+ * Sets the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object to the given value.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
+ * @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @param value the new value of the field.
+ * @see #putLongVolatile(Object,long,long)
+ */
+ public native void putLong(Object obj, long offset, long value);
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object with volatile load semantics.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to read.
+ * @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @see #getLong(Object,long)
+ */
+ public native long getLongVolatile(Object obj, long offset);
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to read.
+ * @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @see #getLongVolatile(Object,long)
+ */
+ public native long getLong(Object obj, long offset);
+
+ /**
+ * Sets the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object to the given value, with volatile store semantics.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
+ * @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @param value the new value of the field.
+ * @see #putObject(Object,long,Object)
+ */
+ public native void putObjectVolatile(Object obj, long offset, Object value);
+
+ /**
+ * Sets the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object to the given value.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
+ * @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
+ * @param value the new value of the field.
+ * @see #putObjectVolatile(Object,long,Object)
+ */
+ public native void putObject(Object obj, long offset, Object value);
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
+ * supplied object with volatile load semantics.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object containing the field to read.
+ * @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
+ */
+ public native Object getObjectVolatile(Object obj, long offset);
+
+ /**
+ * Returns the offset of the first element for a given array class.
+ * To access elements of the array class, this value may be used along
+ * with that returned by
+ * <a href="#arrayIndexScale"><code>arrayIndexScale</code></a>,
+ * if non-zero.
+ *
+ * @param arrayClass the class for which the first element's address should
+ * be obtained.
+ * @return the offset of the first element of the array class.
+ * @see arrayIndexScale(Class)
+ */
+ public native int arrayBaseOffset(Class arrayClass);
+
+ /**
+ * Returns the scale factor used for addressing elements of the supplied
+ * array class. Where a suitable scale factor can not be returned (e.g.
+ * for primitive types), zero should be returned. The returned value
+ * can be used with
+ * <a href="#arrayBaseOffset"><code>arrayBaseOffset</code></a>
+ * to access elements of the class.
+ *
+ * @param arrayClass the class whose scale factor should be returned.
+ * @return the scale factor, or zero if not supported for this array class.
+ */
+ public native int arrayIndexScale(Class arrayClass);
+
+ /**
+ * Releases the block on a thread created by
+ * <a href="#park"><code>park</code></a>. This method can also be used
+ * to terminate a blockage caused by a prior call to <code>park</code>.
+ * This operation is unsafe, as the thread must be guaranteed to be
+ * live. This is true of Java, but not native code.
+ *
+ * @param thread the thread to unblock.
+ */
+ public native void unpark(Thread thread);
+
+ /**
+ * Blocks the thread until a matching
+ * <a href="#unpark"><code>unpark</code></a> occurs, the thread is
+ * interrupted or the optional timeout expires. If an <code>unpark</code>
+ * call has already occurred, this also counts. A timeout value of zero
+ * is defined as no timeout. When <code>isAbsolute</code> is
+ * <code>true</code>, the timeout is in milliseconds relative to the
+ * epoch. Otherwise, the value is the number of nanoseconds which must
+ * occur before timeout. This call may also return spuriously (i.e.
+ * for no apparent reason).
+ *
+ * @param isAbsolute true if the timeout is specified in milliseconds from
+ * the epoch.
+ * @param time either the number of nanoseconds to wait, or a time in
+ * milliseconds from the epoch to wait for.
+ */
+ public native void park(boolean isAbsolute, long time);
+
+}