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-// -*- C++ -*-
-
-// Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-//
-// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
-// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
-// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
-// Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
-// version.
-
-// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
-// General Public License for more details.
-
-// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
-// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
-// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
-
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
-// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
-// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
-// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-/** @file parallel/random_shuffle.h
- * @brief Parallel implementation of std::random_shuffle().
- * This file is a GNU parallel extension to the Standard C++ Library.
- */
-
-// Written by Johannes Singler.
-
-#ifndef _GLIBCXX_PARALLEL_RANDOM_SHUFFLE_H
-#define _GLIBCXX_PARALLEL_RANDOM_SHUFFLE_H 1
-
-#include <limits>
-#include <bits/stl_numeric.h>
-#include <parallel/parallel.h>
-#include <parallel/random_number.h>
-
-namespace __gnu_parallel
-{
-/** @brief Type to hold the index of a bin.
- *
- * Since many variables of this type are allocated, it should be
- * chosen as small as possible.
- */
-typedef unsigned short bin_index;
-
-/** @brief Data known to every thread participating in
- __gnu_parallel::parallel_random_shuffle(). */
-template<typename RandomAccessIterator>
- struct DRandomShufflingGlobalData
- {
- typedef std::iterator_traits<RandomAccessIterator> traits_type;
- typedef typename traits_type::value_type value_type;
- typedef typename traits_type::difference_type difference_type;
-
- /** @brief Begin iterator of the source. */
- RandomAccessIterator& source;
-
- /** @brief Temporary arrays for each thread. */
- value_type** temporaries;
-
- /** @brief Two-dimensional array to hold the thread-bin distribution.
- *
- * Dimensions (num_threads + 1) x (num_bins + 1). */
- difference_type** dist;
-
- /** @brief Start indexes of the threads' chunks. */
- difference_type* starts;
-
- /** @brief Number of the thread that will further process the
- corresponding bin. */
- thread_index_t* bin_proc;
-
- /** @brief Number of bins to distribute to. */
- int num_bins;
-
- /** @brief Number of bits needed to address the bins. */
- int num_bits;
-
- /** @brief Constructor. */
- DRandomShufflingGlobalData(RandomAccessIterator& _source)
- : source(_source) { }
- };
-
-/** @brief Local data for a thread participating in
- __gnu_parallel::parallel_random_shuffle().
- */
-template<typename RandomAccessIterator, typename RandomNumberGenerator>
- struct DRSSorterPU
- {
- /** @brief Number of threads participating in total. */
- int num_threads;
-
- /** @brief Begin index for bins taken care of by this thread. */
- bin_index bins_begin;
-
- /** @brief End index for bins taken care of by this thread. */
- bin_index bins_end;
-
- /** @brief Random seed for this thread. */
- uint32 seed;
-
- /** @brief Pointer to global data. */
- DRandomShufflingGlobalData<RandomAccessIterator>* sd;
- };
-
-/** @brief Generate a random number in @c [0,2^logp).
- * @param logp Logarithm (basis 2) of the upper range bound.
- * @param rng Random number generator to use.
- */
-template<typename RandomNumberGenerator>
- inline int
- random_number_pow2(int logp, RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
- { return rng.genrand_bits(logp); }
-
-/** @brief Random shuffle code executed by each thread.
- * @param pus Array of thread-local data records. */
-template<typename RandomAccessIterator, typename RandomNumberGenerator>
- void
- parallel_random_shuffle_drs_pu(DRSSorterPU<RandomAccessIterator,
- RandomNumberGenerator>* pus)
- {
- typedef std::iterator_traits<RandomAccessIterator> traits_type;
- typedef typename traits_type::value_type value_type;
- typedef typename traits_type::difference_type difference_type;
-
- thread_index_t iam = omp_get_thread_num();
- DRSSorterPU<RandomAccessIterator, RandomNumberGenerator>* d = &pus[iam];
- DRandomShufflingGlobalData<RandomAccessIterator>* sd = d->sd;
-
- // Indexing: dist[bin][processor]
- difference_type length = sd->starts[iam + 1] - sd->starts[iam];
- bin_index* oracles = new bin_index[length];
- difference_type* dist = new difference_type[sd->num_bins + 1];
- bin_index* bin_proc = new bin_index[sd->num_bins];
- value_type** temporaries = new value_type*[d->num_threads];
-
- // Compute oracles and count appearances.
- for (bin_index b = 0; b < sd->num_bins + 1; ++b)
- dist[b] = 0;
- int num_bits = sd->num_bits;
-
- random_number rng(d->seed);
-
- // First main loop.
- for (difference_type i = 0; i < length; ++i)
- {
- bin_index oracle = random_number_pow2(num_bits, rng);
- oracles[i] = oracle;
-
- // To allow prefix (partial) sum.
- ++(dist[oracle + 1]);
- }
-
- for (bin_index b = 0; b < sd->num_bins + 1; ++b)
- sd->dist[b][iam + 1] = dist[b];
-
-# pragma omp barrier
-
-# pragma omp single
- {
- // Sum up bins, sd->dist[s + 1][d->num_threads] now contains the
- // total number of items in bin s
- for (bin_index s = 0; s < sd->num_bins; ++s)
- __gnu_sequential::partial_sum(sd->dist[s + 1],
- sd->dist[s + 1] + d->num_threads + 1,
- sd->dist[s + 1]);
- }
-
-# pragma omp barrier
-
- sequence_index_t offset = 0, global_offset = 0;
- for (bin_index s = 0; s < d->bins_begin; ++s)
- global_offset += sd->dist[s + 1][d->num_threads];
-
-# pragma omp barrier
-
- for (bin_index s = d->bins_begin; s < d->bins_end; ++s)
- {
- for (int t = 0; t < d->num_threads + 1; ++t)
- sd->dist[s + 1][t] += offset;
- offset = sd->dist[s + 1][d->num_threads];
- }
-
- sd->temporaries[iam] = static_cast<value_type*>(
- ::operator new(sizeof(value_type) * offset));
-
-# pragma omp barrier
-
- // Draw local copies to avoid false sharing.
- for (bin_index b = 0; b < sd->num_bins + 1; ++b)
- dist[b] = sd->dist[b][iam];
- for (bin_index b = 0; b < sd->num_bins; ++b)
- bin_proc[b] = sd->bin_proc[b];
- for (thread_index_t t = 0; t < d->num_threads; ++t)
- temporaries[t] = sd->temporaries[t];
-
- RandomAccessIterator source = sd->source;
- difference_type start = sd->starts[iam];
-
- // Distribute according to oracles, second main loop.
- for (difference_type i = 0; i < length; ++i)
- {
- bin_index target_bin = oracles[i];
- thread_index_t target_p = bin_proc[target_bin];
-
- // Last column [d->num_threads] stays unchanged.
- ::new(&(temporaries[target_p][dist[target_bin + 1]++]))
- value_type(*(source + i + start));
- }
-
- delete[] oracles;
- delete[] dist;
- delete[] bin_proc;
- delete[] temporaries;
-
-# pragma omp barrier
-
- // Shuffle bins internally.
- for (bin_index b = d->bins_begin; b < d->bins_end; ++b)
- {
- value_type* begin =
- sd->temporaries[iam] +
- ((b == d->bins_begin) ? 0 : sd->dist[b][d->num_threads]),
- * end =
- sd->temporaries[iam] + sd->dist[b + 1][d->num_threads];
- sequential_random_shuffle(begin, end, rng);
- std::copy(begin, end, sd->source + global_offset +
- ((b == d->bins_begin) ? 0 : sd->dist[b][d->num_threads]));
- }
-
- ::operator delete(sd->temporaries[iam]);
- }
-
-/** @brief Round up to the next greater power of 2.
- * @param x Integer to round up */
-template<typename T>
- T
- round_up_to_pow2(T x)
- {
- if (x <= 1)
- return 1;
- else
- return (T)1 << (__log2(x - 1) + 1);
- }
-
-/** @brief Main parallel random shuffle step.
- * @param begin Begin iterator of sequence.
- * @param end End iterator of sequence.
- * @param n Length of sequence.
- * @param num_threads Number of threads to use.
- * @param rng Random number generator to use.
- */
-template<typename RandomAccessIterator, typename RandomNumberGenerator>
- void
- parallel_random_shuffle_drs(RandomAccessIterator begin,
- RandomAccessIterator end,
- typename std::iterator_traits
- <RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type n,
- thread_index_t num_threads,
- RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
- {
- typedef std::iterator_traits<RandomAccessIterator> traits_type;
- typedef typename traits_type::value_type value_type;
- typedef typename traits_type::difference_type difference_type;
-
- _GLIBCXX_CALL(n)
-
- const _Settings& __s = _Settings::get();
-
- if (num_threads > n)
- num_threads = static_cast<thread_index_t>(n);
-
- bin_index num_bins, num_bins_cache;
-
-#if _GLIBCXX_RANDOM_SHUFFLE_CONSIDER_L1
- // Try the L1 cache first.
-
- // Must fit into L1.
- num_bins_cache = std::max<difference_type>(
- 1, n / (__s.L1_cache_size_lb / sizeof(value_type)));
- num_bins_cache = round_up_to_pow2(num_bins_cache);
-
- // No more buckets than TLB entries, power of 2
- // Power of 2 and at least one element per bin, at most the TLB size.
- num_bins = std::min<difference_type>(n, num_bins_cache);
-
-#if _GLIBCXX_RANDOM_SHUFFLE_CONSIDER_TLB
- // 2 TLB entries needed per bin.
- num_bins = std::min<difference_type>(__s.TLB_size / 2, num_bins);
-#endif
- num_bins = round_up_to_pow2(num_bins);
-
- if (num_bins < num_bins_cache)
- {
-#endif
- // Now try the L2 cache
- // Must fit into L2
- num_bins_cache = static_cast<bin_index>(std::max<difference_type>(
- 1, n / (__s.L2_cache_size / sizeof(value_type))));
- num_bins_cache = round_up_to_pow2(num_bins_cache);
-
- // No more buckets than TLB entries, power of 2.
- num_bins = static_cast<bin_index>(
- std::min(n, static_cast<difference_type>(num_bins_cache)));
- // Power of 2 and at least one element per bin, at most the TLB size.
-#if _GLIBCXX_RANDOM_SHUFFLE_CONSIDER_TLB
- // 2 TLB entries needed per bin.
- num_bins = std::min(
- static_cast<difference_type>(__s.TLB_size / 2), num_bins);
-#endif
- num_bins = round_up_to_pow2(num_bins);
-#if _GLIBCXX_RANDOM_SHUFFLE_CONSIDER_L1
- }
-#endif
-
- num_threads = std::min<bin_index>(num_threads, num_bins);
-
- if (num_threads <= 1)
- return sequential_random_shuffle(begin, end, rng);
-
- DRandomShufflingGlobalData<RandomAccessIterator> sd(begin);
- DRSSorterPU<RandomAccessIterator, random_number >* pus;
- difference_type* starts;
-
-# pragma omp parallel num_threads(num_threads)
- {
- thread_index_t num_threads = omp_get_num_threads();
-# pragma omp single
- {
- pus = new DRSSorterPU<RandomAccessIterator, random_number>
- [num_threads];
-
- sd.temporaries = new value_type*[num_threads];
- sd.dist = new difference_type*[num_bins + 1];
- sd.bin_proc = new thread_index_t[num_bins];
- for (bin_index b = 0; b < num_bins + 1; ++b)
- sd.dist[b] = new difference_type[num_threads + 1];
- for (bin_index b = 0; b < (num_bins + 1); ++b)
- {
- sd.dist[0][0] = 0;
- sd.dist[b][0] = 0;
- }
- starts = sd.starts = new difference_type[num_threads + 1];
- int bin_cursor = 0;
- sd.num_bins = num_bins;
- sd.num_bits = __log2(num_bins);
-
- difference_type chunk_length = n / num_threads,
- split = n % num_threads, start = 0;
- difference_type bin_chunk_length = num_bins / num_threads,
- bin_split = num_bins % num_threads;
- for (thread_index_t i = 0; i < num_threads; ++i)
- {
- starts[i] = start;
- start += (i < split) ? (chunk_length + 1) : chunk_length;
- int j = pus[i].bins_begin = bin_cursor;
-
- // Range of bins for this processor.
- bin_cursor += (i < bin_split) ?
- (bin_chunk_length + 1) : bin_chunk_length;
- pus[i].bins_end = bin_cursor;
- for (; j < bin_cursor; ++j)
- sd.bin_proc[j] = i;
- pus[i].num_threads = num_threads;
- pus[i].seed = rng(std::numeric_limits<uint32>::max());
- pus[i].sd = &sd;
- }
- starts[num_threads] = start;
- } //single
- // Now shuffle in parallel.
- parallel_random_shuffle_drs_pu(pus);
- } // parallel
-
- delete[] starts;
- delete[] sd.bin_proc;
- for (int s = 0; s < (num_bins + 1); ++s)
- delete[] sd.dist[s];
- delete[] sd.dist;
- delete[] sd.temporaries;
-
- delete[] pus;
- }
-
-/** @brief Sequential cache-efficient random shuffle.
- * @param begin Begin iterator of sequence.
- * @param end End iterator of sequence.
- * @param rng Random number generator to use.
- */
-template<typename RandomAccessIterator, typename RandomNumberGenerator>
- void
- sequential_random_shuffle(RandomAccessIterator begin,
- RandomAccessIterator end,
- RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
- {
- typedef std::iterator_traits<RandomAccessIterator> traits_type;
- typedef typename traits_type::value_type value_type;
- typedef typename traits_type::difference_type difference_type;
-
- difference_type n = end - begin;
- const _Settings& __s = _Settings::get();
-
- bin_index num_bins, num_bins_cache;
-
-#if _GLIBCXX_RANDOM_SHUFFLE_CONSIDER_L1
- // Try the L1 cache first, must fit into L1.
- num_bins_cache =
- std::max<difference_type>
- (1, n / (__s.L1_cache_size_lb / sizeof(value_type)));
- num_bins_cache = round_up_to_pow2(num_bins_cache);
-
- // No more buckets than TLB entries, power of 2
- // Power of 2 and at least one element per bin, at most the TLB size
- num_bins = std::min(n, (difference_type)num_bins_cache);
-#if _GLIBCXX_RANDOM_SHUFFLE_CONSIDER_TLB
- // 2 TLB entries needed per bin
- num_bins = std::min((difference_type)__s.TLB_size / 2, num_bins);
-#endif
- num_bins = round_up_to_pow2(num_bins);
-
- if (num_bins < num_bins_cache)
- {
-#endif
- // Now try the L2 cache, must fit into L2.
- num_bins_cache =
- static_cast<bin_index>(std::max<difference_type>(
- 1, n / (__s.L2_cache_size / sizeof(value_type))));
- num_bins_cache = round_up_to_pow2(num_bins_cache);
-
- // No more buckets than TLB entries, power of 2
- // Power of 2 and at least one element per bin, at most the TLB size.
- num_bins = static_cast<bin_index>
- (std::min(n, static_cast<difference_type>(num_bins_cache)));
-
-#if _GLIBCXX_RANDOM_SHUFFLE_CONSIDER_TLB
- // 2 TLB entries needed per bin
- num_bins =
- std::min<difference_type>(__s.TLB_size / 2, num_bins);
-#endif
- num_bins = round_up_to_pow2(num_bins);
-#if _GLIBCXX_RANDOM_SHUFFLE_CONSIDER_L1
- }
-#endif
-
- int num_bits = __log2(num_bins);
-
- if (num_bins > 1)
- {
- value_type* target = static_cast<value_type*>(
- ::operator new(sizeof(value_type) * n));
- bin_index* oracles = new bin_index[n];
- difference_type* dist0 = new difference_type[num_bins + 1],
- * dist1 = new difference_type[num_bins + 1];
-
- for (int b = 0; b < num_bins + 1; ++b)
- dist0[b] = 0;
-
- random_number bitrng(rng(0xFFFFFFFF));
-
- for (difference_type i = 0; i < n; ++i)
- {
- bin_index oracle = random_number_pow2(num_bits, bitrng);
- oracles[i] = oracle;
-
- // To allow prefix (partial) sum.
- ++(dist0[oracle + 1]);
- }
-
- // Sum up bins.
- __gnu_sequential::partial_sum(dist0, dist0 + num_bins + 1, dist0);
-
- for (int b = 0; b < num_bins + 1; ++b)
- dist1[b] = dist0[b];
-
- // Distribute according to oracles.
- for (difference_type i = 0; i < n; ++i)
- ::new(&(target[(dist0[oracles[i]])++])) value_type(*(begin + i));
-
- for (int b = 0; b < num_bins; ++b)
- {
- sequential_random_shuffle(target + dist1[b],
- target + dist1[b + 1],
- rng);
- }
-
- // Copy elements back.
- std::copy(target, target + n, begin);
-
- delete[] dist0;
- delete[] dist1;
- delete[] oracles;
- ::operator delete(target);
- }
- else
- __gnu_sequential::random_shuffle(begin, end, rng);
- }
-
-/** @brief Parallel random public call.
- * @param begin Begin iterator of sequence.
- * @param end End iterator of sequence.
- * @param rng Random number generator to use.
- */
-template<typename RandomAccessIterator, typename RandomNumberGenerator>
- inline void
- parallel_random_shuffle(RandomAccessIterator begin,
- RandomAccessIterator end,
- RandomNumberGenerator rng = random_number())
- {
- typedef std::iterator_traits<RandomAccessIterator> traits_type;
- typedef typename traits_type::difference_type difference_type;
- difference_type n = end - begin;
- parallel_random_shuffle_drs(begin, end, n, get_max_threads(), rng) ;
- }
-
-}
-
-#endif /* _GLIBCXX_PARALLEL_RANDOM_SHUFFLE_H */