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Setup" /><link rel="prev" href="make.html" title="Make" /><link rel="next" href="using.html" title="Chapter 3. Using" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Test</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="make.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 2. Setup</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="using.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.intro.setup.test"></a>Test</h2></div></div></div><p> +The libstdc++ testsuite includes testing for standard conformance, +regressions, ABI, and performance. +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="test.organization"></a>Organization</h3></div></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="test.organization.layout"></a>Directory Layout</h4></div></div></div><p> + The directory <span class="emphasis"><em>libsrcdir/testsuite</em></span> contains the + individual test cases organized in sub-directories corresponding to + chapters of the C++ standard (detailed below), the dejagnu test + harness support files, and sources to various testsuite utilities + that are packaged in a separate testing library. +</p><p> + All test cases for functionality required by the runtime components + of the C++ standard (ISO 14882) are files within the following + directories. +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +17_intro +18_support +19_diagnostics +20_util +21_strings +22_locale +23_containers +25_algorithms +26_numerics +27_io + </pre><p> + In addition, the following directories include test files: + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +tr1 Tests for components as described by the Technical Report on Standard Library Extensions (TR1). +backward Tests for backwards compatibility and deprecated features. +demangle Tests for __cxa_demangle, the IA 64 C++ ABI demangler +ext Tests for extensions. +performance Tests for performance analysis, and performance regressions. +thread Tests for threads. + </pre><p> + Some directories don't have test files, but instead contain + auxiliary information (<a class="ulink" href="#internals" target="_top">more information</a>): + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +config Files for the dejagnu test harness. +lib Files for the dejagnu test harness. +libstdc++* Files for the dejagnu test harness. +data Sample text files for testing input and output. +util Files for libtestc++, utilities and testing routines. + </pre><p> + Within a directory that includes test files, there may be + additional subdirectories, or files. Originally, test cases + were appended to one file that represented a particular section + of the chapter under test, and was named accordingly. For + instance, to test items related to <code class="code"> 21.3.6.1 - + basic_string::find [lib.string::find]</code> in the standard, + the following was used: + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +21_strings/find.cc + </pre><p> + However, that practice soon became a liability as the test cases + became huge and unwieldy, and testing new or extended + functionality (like wide characters or named locales) became + frustrating, leading to aggressive pruning of test cases on some + platforms that covered up implementation errors. Now, the test + suite has a policy of one file, one test case, which solves the + above issues and gives finer grained results and more manageable + error debugging. As an example, the test case quoted above + becomes: + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +21_strings/basic_string/find/char/1.cc +21_strings/basic_string/find/char/2.cc +21_strings/basic_string/find/char/3.cc +21_strings/basic_string/find/wchar_t/1.cc +21_strings/basic_string/find/wchar_t/2.cc +21_strings/basic_string/find/wchar_t/3.cc + </pre><p> + All new tests should be written with the policy of one test + case, one file in mind. + </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="test.organization.naming"></a>Naming Conventions</h4></div></div></div><p> + In addition, there are some special names and suffixes that are + used within the testsuite to designate particular kinds of + tests. + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>_xin.cc</em></span> + </p><p> + This test case expects some kind of interactive input in order + to finish or pass. At the moment, the interactive tests are not + run by default. Instead, they are run by hand, like: + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +g++ 27_io/objects/char/3_xin.cc +cat 27_io/objects/char/3_xin.in | a.out + </pre></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>.in</em></span> + </p><p> + This file contains the expected input for the corresponding <span class="emphasis"><em> + _xin.cc</em></span> test case. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>_neg.cc</em></span> + </p><p> + This test case is expected to fail: it's a negative test. At the + moment, these are almost always compile time errors. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>char</em></span> + </p><p> + This can either be a directory name or part of a longer file + name, and indicates that this file, or the files within this + directory are testing the <code class="code">char</code> instantiation of a + template. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>wchar_t</em></span> + </p><p> + This can either be a directory name or part of a longer file + name, and indicates that this file, or the files within this + directory are testing the <code class="code">wchar_t</code> instantiation of + a template. Some hosts do not support <code class="code">wchar_t</code> + functionality, so for these targets, all of these tests will not + be run. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>thread</em></span> + </p><p> + This can either be a directory name or part of a longer file + name, and indicates that this file, or the files within this + directory are testing situations where multiple threads are + being used. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>performance</em></span> + </p><p> + This can either be an enclosing directory name or part of a + specific file name. This indicates a test that is used to + analyze runtime performance, for performance regression testing, + or for other optimization related analysis. At the moment, these + test cases are not run by default. + </p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="test.run"></a>Running the Testsuite</h3></div></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="test.run.basic"></a>Basic</h4></div></div></div><p> + You can check the status of the build without installing it + using the dejagnu harness, much like the rest of the gcc + tools.</p><pre class="programlisting"> make check</pre><p>in the <span class="emphasis"><em>libbuilddir</em></span> directory.</p><p>or</p><pre class="programlisting"> make check-target-libstdc++-v3</pre><p>in the <span class="emphasis"><em>gccbuilddir</em></span> directory. + </p><p> + These commands are functionally equivalent and will create a + 'testsuite' directory underneath + <span class="emphasis"><em>libbuilddir</em></span> containing the results of the + tests. Two results files will be generated: <span class="emphasis"><em> + libstdc++.sum</em></span>, which is a PASS/FAIL summary for each + test, and <span class="emphasis"><em>libstdc++.log</em></span> which is a log of + the exact command line passed to the compiler, the compiler + output, and the executable output (if any). + </p><p> + Archives of test results for various versions and platforms are + available on the GCC website in the <a class="ulink" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.3/buildstat.html" target="_top">build + status</a> section of each individual release, and are also + archived on a daily basis on the <a class="ulink" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/current" target="_top">gcc-testresults</a> + mailing list. Please check either of these places for a similar + combination of source version, operating system, and host CPU. + </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="test.run.variations"></a>Variations</h4></div></div></div><p> + There are several options for running tests, including testing + the regression tests, testing a subset of the regression tests, + testing the performance tests, testing just compilation, testing + installed tools, etc. In addition, there is a special rule for + checking the exported symbols of the shared library. + </p><p> + To debug the dejagnu test harness during runs, try invoking with a + specific argument to the variable RUNTESTFLAGS, as below. + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +make check-target-libstdc++-v3 RUNTESTFLAGS="-v" +</pre><p> + or + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +make check-target-libstdc++-v3 RUNTESTFLAGS="-v -v" +</pre><p> + To run a subset of the library tests, you will need to generate + the <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_files</em></span> file by running + <span class="command"><strong>make testsuite_files</strong></span> in the + <span class="emphasis"><em>libbuilddir/testsuite</em></span> directory, described + below. Edit the file to remove the tests you don't want and + then run the testsuite as normal. + </p><p> + There are two ways to run on a simulator: set up DEJAGNU to point to a + specially crafted site.exp, or pass down --target_board flags. + </p><p> + Example flags to pass down for various embedded builds are as follows: + </p><pre class="programlisting"> + --target=powerpc-eabism (libgloss/sim) +make check-target-libstdc++-v3 RUNTESTFLAGS="--target_board=powerpc-sim" + +--target=calmrisc32 (libgloss/sid) +make check-target-libstdc++-v3 RUNTESTFLAGS="--target_board=calmrisc32-sid" + +--target=xscale-elf (newlib/sim) +make check-target-libstdc++-v3 RUNTESTFLAGS="--target_board=arm-sim" +</pre><p> + Also, here is an example of how to run the libstdc++ testsuite + for a multilibed build directory with different ABI settings: + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +make check-target-libstdc++-v3 RUNTESTFLAGS='--target_board \"unix{-mabi=32,,-mabi=64}\"' +</pre><p> + You can run the tests with a compiler and library that have + already been installed. Make sure that the compiler (e.g., + <code class="code">g++</code>) is in your <code class="code">PATH</code>. If you are + using shared libraries, then you must also ensure that the + directory containing the shared version of libstdc++ is in your + <code class="code">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code>, or equivalent. If your GCC source + tree is at <code class="code">/path/to/gcc</code>, then you can run the tests + as follows: + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +runtest --tool libstdc++ --srcdir=/path/to/gcc/libstdc++-v3/testsuite +</pre><p> + The testsuite will create a number of files in the directory in + which you run this command,. Some of those files might use the + same name as files created by other testsuites (like the ones + for GCC and G++), so you should not try to run all the + testsuites in parallel from the same directory. + </p><p> + In addition, there are some testing options that are mostly of + interest to library maintainers and system integrators. As such, + these tests may not work on all cpu and host combinations, and + may need to be executed in the + <span class="emphasis"><em>libbuilddir/testsuite</em></span> directory. These + options include, but are not necessarily limited to, the + following: + </p><pre class="programlisting"> + make testsuite_files + </pre><p> + Five files are generated that determine what test files + are run. These files are: + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_files</em></span> + </p><p> + This is a list of all the test cases that will be run. Each + test case is on a separate line, given with an absolute path + from the <span class="emphasis"><em>libsrcdir/testsuite</em></span> directory. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_files_interactive</em></span> + </p><p> + This is a list of all the interactive test cases, using the + same format as the file list above. These tests are not run + by default. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_files_performance</em></span> + </p><p> + This is a list of all the performance test cases, using the + same format as the file list above. These tests are not run + by default. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_thread</em></span> + </p><p> + This file indicates that the host system can run tests which + involved multiple threads. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_wchar_t</em></span> + </p><p> + This file indicates that the host system can run the wchar_t + tests, and corresponds to the macro definition <code class="code"> + _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T</code> in the file c++config.h. + </p></li></ul></div><pre class="programlisting"> + make check-abi + </pre><p> + The library ABI can be tested. This involves testing the shared + library against an ABI-defining previous version of symbol + exports. + </p><pre class="programlisting"> + make check-compile + </pre><p> + This rule compiles, but does not link or execute, the + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_files</em></span> test cases and displays the + output on stdout. + </p><pre class="programlisting"> + make check-performance + </pre><p> + This rule runs through the + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_files_performance</em></span> test cases and + collects information for performance analysis and can be used to + spot performance regressions. Various timing information is + collected, as well as number of hard page faults, and memory + used. This is not run by default, and the implementation is in + flux. + </p><p> + We are interested in any strange failures of the testsuite; + please email the main libstdc++ mailing list if you see + something odd or have questions. + </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="test.run.permutations"></a>Permutations</h4></div></div></div><p> + To run the libstdc++ test suite under the <a class="link" href="debug_mode.html" title="Chapter 30. Debug Mode">debug mode</a>, edit + <code class="filename">libstdc++-v3/scripts/testsuite_flags</code> to add the + compile-time flag <code class="constant">-D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG</code> to the + result printed by the <code class="literal">--build-cxx</code> + option. Additionally, add the + <code class="constant">-D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDANTIC</code> flag to turn on + pedantic checking. The libstdc++ test suite should produce + precisely the same results under debug mode that it does under + release mode: any deviation indicates an error in either the + library or the test suite. + </p><p> + The <a class="link" href="parallel_mode.html" title="Chapter 31. Parallel Mode">parallel + mode</a> can be tested in much the same manner, substituting + <code class="constant">-D_GLIBCXX_PARALLEL</code> for + <code class="constant">-D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG</code> in the previous paragraph. + </p><p> + Or, just run the testsuites with <code class="constant">CXXFLAGS</code> + set to <code class="constant">-D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG</code> or + <code class="constant">-D_GLIBCXX_PARALLEL</code>. + </p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="test.new_tests"></a>Writing a new test case</h3></div></div></div><p> + The first step in making a new test case is to choose the correct + directory and file name, given the organization as previously + described. + </p><p> + All files are copyright the FSF, and GPL'd: this is very + important. The first copyright year should correspond to the date + the file was checked in to SVN. + </p><p> + As per the dejagnu instructions, always return 0 from main to + indicate success. + </p><p> + A bunch of utility functions and classes have already been + abstracted out into the testsuite utility library, <code class="code"> + libtestc++</code>. To use this functionality, just include the + appropriate header file: the library or specific object files will + automatically be linked in as part of the testsuite run. + </p><p> + For a test that needs to take advantage of the dejagnu test + harness, what follows below is a list of special keyword that + harness uses. Basically, a test case contains dg-keywords (see + dg.exp) indicating what to do and what kinds of behavior are to be + expected. New test cases should be written with the new style + DejaGnu framework in mind. + </p><p> + To ease transition, here is the list of dg-keyword documentation + lifted from dg.exp. + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +# The currently supported options are: +# +# dg-prms-id N +# set prms_id to N +# +# dg-options "options ..." [{ target selector }] +# specify special options to pass to the tool (eg: compiler) +# +# dg-do do-what-keyword [{ target/xfail selector }] +# `do-what-keyword' is tool specific and is passed unchanged to +# ${tool}-dg-test. An example is gcc where `keyword' can be any of: +# preprocess|compile|assemble|link|run +# and will do one of: produce a .i, produce a .s, produce a .o, +# produce an a.out, or produce an a.out and run it (the default is +# compile). +# +# dg-error regexp comment [{ target/xfail selector } [{.|0|linenum}]] +# indicate an error message <regexp> is expected on this line +# (the test fails if it doesn't occur) +# Linenum=0 for general tool messages (eg: -V arg missing). +# "." means the current line. +# +# dg-warning regexp comment [{ target/xfail selector } [{.|0|linenum}]] +# indicate a warning message <regexp> is expected on this line +# (the test fails if it doesn't occur) +# +# dg-bogus regexp comment [{ target/xfail selector } [{.|0|linenum}]] +# indicate a bogus error message <regexp> use to occur here +# (the test fails if it does occur) +# +# dg-build regexp comment [{ target/xfail selector }] +# indicate the build use to fail for some reason +# (errors covered here include bad assembler generated, tool crashes, +# and link failures) +# (the test fails if it does occur) +# +# dg-excess-errors comment [{ target/xfail selector }] +# indicate excess errors are expected (any line) +# (this should only be used sparingly and temporarily) +# +# dg-output regexp [{ target selector }] +# indicate the expected output of the program is <regexp> +# (there may be multiple occurrences of this, they are concatenated) +# +# dg-final { tcl code } +# add some tcl code to be run at the end +# (there may be multiple occurrences of this, they are concatenated) +# (unbalanced braces must be \-escaped) +# +# "{ target selector }" is a list of expressions that determine whether the +# test succeeds or fails for a particular target, or in some cases whether the +# option applies for a particular target. If the case of `dg-do' it specifies +# whether the test case is even attempted on the specified target. +# +# The target selector is always optional. The format is one of: +# +# { xfail *-*-* ... } - the test is expected to fail for the given targets +# { target *-*-* ... } - the option only applies to the given targets +# +# At least one target must be specified, use *-*-* for "all targets". +# At present it is not possible to specify both `xfail' and `target'. +# "native" may be used in place of "*-*-*". + +Example 1: Testing compilation only +// { dg-do compile } + +Example 2: Testing for expected warnings on line 36, which all targets fail +// { dg-warning "string literals" "" { xfail *-*-* } 36 + +Example 3: Testing for expected warnings on line 36 +// { dg-warning "string literals" "" { target *-*-* } 36 + +Example 4: Testing for compilation errors on line 41 +// { dg-do compile } +// { dg-error "no match for" "" { target *-*-* } 41 } + +Example 5: Testing with special command line settings, or without the +use of pre-compiled headers, in particular the stdc++.h.gch file. Any +options here will override the DEFAULT_CXXFLAGS and PCH_CXXFLAGS set +up in the normal.exp file. +// { dg-options "-O0" { target *-*-* } } +</pre><p> + More examples can be found in the libstdc++-v3/testsuite/*/*.cc files. + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="test.harness"></a>Test Harness and Utilities</h3></div></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="test.harness.dejagnu"></a>Dejagnu Harness Details</h4></div></div></div><p> + Underlying details of testing for conformance and regressions are + abstracted via the GNU Dejagnu package. This is similar to the + rest of GCC. + </p><p>This is information for those looking at making changes to the testsuite +structure, and/or needing to trace dejagnu's actions with --verbose. This +will not be useful to people who are "merely" adding new tests to the existing +structure. +</p><p>The first key point when working with dejagnu is the idea of a "tool". +Files, directories, and functions are all implicitly used when they are +named after the tool in use. Here, the tool will always be "libstdc++". +</p><p>The <code class="code">lib</code> subdir contains support routines. The +<code class="code">lib/libstdc++.exp</code> file ("support library") is loaded +automagically, and must explicitly load the others. For example, files can +be copied from the core compiler's support directory into <code class="code">lib</code>. +</p><p>Some routines in <code class="code">lib/libstdc++.exp</code> are callbacks, some are +our own. Callbacks must be prefixed with the name of the tool. To easily +distinguish the others, by convention our own routines are named "v3-*". +</p><p>The next key point when working with dejagnu is "test files". Any +directory whose name starts with the tool name will be searched for test files. +(We have only one.) In those directories, any <code class="code">.exp</code> file is +considered a test file, and will be run in turn. Our main test file is called +<code class="code">normal.exp</code>; it runs all the tests in testsuite_files using the +callbacks loaded from the support library. +</p><p>The <code class="code">config</code> directory is searched for any particular "target +board" information unique to this library. This is currently unused and sets +only default variables. +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="test.harness.utils"></a>Utilities</h4></div></div></div><p> + </p><p> + The testsuite directory also contains some files that implement + functionality that is intended to make writing test cases easier, + or to avoid duplication, or to provide error checking in a way that + is consistent across platforms and test harnesses. A stand-alone + executable, called <span class="emphasis"><em>abi_check</em></span>, and a static + library called <span class="emphasis"><em>libtestc++</em></span> are + constructed. Both of these items are not installed, and only used + during testing. + </p><p> + These files include the following functionality: + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_abi.h</em></span>, + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_abi.cc</em></span>, + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_abi_check.cc</em></span> + </p><p> + Creates the executable <span class="emphasis"><em>abi_check</em></span>. + Used to check correctness of symbol versioning, visibility of + exported symbols, and compatibility on symbols in the shared + library, for hosts that support this feature. More information + can be found in the ABI documentation <a class="ulink" href="abi.html" target="_top">here</a> + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_allocator.h</em></span>, + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_allocator.cc</em></span> + </p><p> + Contains specialized allocators that keep track of construction + and destruction. Also, support for overriding global new and + delete operators, including verification that new and delete + are called during execution, and that allocation over max_size + fails. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_character.h</em></span> + </p><p> + Contains <code class="code">std::char_traits</code> and + <code class="code">std::codecvt</code> specializations for a user-defined + POD. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_hooks.h</em></span>, + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_hooks.cc</em></span> + </p><p> + A large number of utilities, including: + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle"><li><p>VERIFY</p></li><li><p>set_memory_limits</p></li><li><p>verify_demangle</p></li><li><p>run_tests_wrapped_locale</p></li><li><p>run_tests_wrapped_env</p></li><li><p>try_named_locale</p></li><li><p>try_mkfifo</p></li><li><p>func_callback</p></li><li><p>counter</p></li><li><p>copy_tracker</p></li><li><p>copy_constructor</p></li><li><p>assignment_operator</p></li><li><p>destructor</p></li><li><p>pod_char, pod_int and associated char_traits specializations</p></li></ul></div></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_io.h</em></span> + </p><p> + Error, exception, and constraint checking for + <code class="code">std::streambuf, std::basic_stringbuf, std::basic_filebuf</code>. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_iterators.h</em></span> + </p><p> + Wrappers for various iterators. + </p></li><li><p> + <span class="emphasis"><em>testsuite_performance.h</em></span> + </p><p> + A number of class abstractions for performance counters, and + reporting functions including: + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle"><li><p>time_counter</p></li><li><p>resource_counter</p></li><li><p>report_performance</p></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="make.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="setup.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="using.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Make </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 3. 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