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diff --git a/gcc-4.4.3/libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/appendix_porting.html b/gcc-4.4.3/libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/appendix_porting.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb73ccab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/gcc-4.4.3/libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/appendix_porting.html @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix B. Porting and Maintenance</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.0" /><meta name="keywords" content=" ISO C++ , library " /><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library Documentation" /><link rel="up" href="spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="source_design_notes.html" title="Design Notes" /><link rel="next" href="internals.html" title="Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix B. + Porting and Maintenance + +</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="source_design_notes.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">The GNU C++ Library</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="internals.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="appendix" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="appendix.porting"></a>Appendix B. + Porting and Maintenance + <a id="id517404" class="indexterm"></a> +</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="appendix_porting.html#appendix.porting.build_hacking">Configure and Build Hacking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.map">Overview: What Comes from Where</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.scripts">Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.conventions">Coding and Commenting Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.acinclude">The acinclude.m4 layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.enable">GLIBCXX_ENABLE, the --enable maker</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="internals.html">Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="internals.html#internals.os">Operating System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="internals.html#internals.cpu">CPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="internals.html#internals.char_types">Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="internals.html#internals.numeric_limits">Numeric Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="internals.html#internals.libtool">Libtool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300">3.0</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310">3.1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320">3.2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330">3.3</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340">3.4</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400">4.0</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410">4.1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420">4.2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430">4.3</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third">Third</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="appendix.porting.build_hacking"></a>Configure and Build Hacking</h2></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="build_hacking.prereq"></a>Prerequisites</h3></div></div></div><p> + As noted <a class="ulink" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/install/prerequisites.html" target="_top">previously</a>, + certain other tools are necessary for hacking on files that + control configure (<code class="code">configure.ac</code>, + <code class="code">acinclude.m4</code>) and make + (<code class="code">Makefile.am</code>). These additional tools + (<code class="code">automake</code>, and <code class="code">autoconf</code>) are further + described in detail in their respective manuals. All the libraries + in GCC try to stay in sync with each other in terms of versions of + the auto-tools used, so please try to play nicely with the + neighbors. + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="build_hacking.map"></a>Overview: What Comes from Where</h3></div></div></div><pre class="screen"> + <img src="../images/confdeps.png" alt="Dependency Graph Configure to Build Files" /> + </pre><p> + Regenerate all generated files by using the command sequence + <code class="code">"autoreconf"</code> at the top level of the libstdc++ source + directory. The following will also work, but is much more complex: + <code class="code">"aclocal-1.7 && autoconf-2.59 && + autoheader-2.59 && automake-1.7"</code> The version + numbers may be absent entirely or otherwise vary depending on + <a class="ulink" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/install/prerequisites.html" target="_top">the + current requirements</a> and your vendor's choice of + installation names. + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="build_hacking.scripts"></a>Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)</h3></div></div></div><p> + Until that glorious day when we can use AC_TRY_LINK with a + cross-compiler, we have to hardcode the results of what the tests + would have shown if they could be run. So we have an inflexible + mess like crossconfig.m4. + </p><p> + Wouldn't it be nice if we could store that information in files + like configure.host, which can be modified without needing to + regenerate anything, and can even be tweaked without really + knowing how the configury all works? Perhaps break the pieces of + crossconfig.m4 out and place them in their appropriate + config/{cpu,os} directory. + </p><p> + Alas, writing macros like + "<code class="code">AC_DEFINE(HAVE_A_NICE_DAY)</code>" can only be done inside + files which are passed through autoconf. Files which are pure + shell script can be source'd at configure time. Files which + contain autoconf macros must be processed with autoconf. We could + still try breaking the pieces out into "config/*/cross.m4" bits, + for instance, but then we would need arguments to aclocal/autoconf + to properly find them all when generating configure. I would + discourage that. +</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="build_hacking.conventions"></a>Coding and Commenting Conventions</h3></div></div></div><p> + Most comments should use {octothorpes, shibboleths, hash marks, + pound signs, whatever} rather than "dnl". Nearly all comments in + configure.ac should. Comments inside macros written in ancilliary + .m4 files should. About the only comments which should + <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> use #, but use dnl instead, are comments + <span class="emphasis"><em>outside</em></span> our own macros in the ancilliary + files. The difference is that # comments show up in + <code class="code">configure</code> (which is most helpful for debugging), + while dnl'd lines just vanish. Since the macros in ancilliary + files generate code which appears in odd places, their "outside" + comments tend to not be useful while reading + <code class="code">configure</code>. + </p><p> + Do not use any <code class="code">$target*</code> variables, such as + <code class="code">$target_alias</code>. The single exception is in + configure.ac, for automake+dejagnu's sake. + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="build_hacking.acinclude"></a>The acinclude.m4 layout</h3></div></div></div><p> + The nice thing about acinclude.m4/aclocal.m4 is that macros aren't + actually performed/called/expanded/whatever here, just loaded. So + we can arrange the contents however we like. As of this writing, + acinclude.m4 is arranged as follows: + </p><pre class="programlisting"> + GLIBCXX_CHECK_HOST + GLIBCXX_TOPREL_CONFIGURE + GLIBCXX_CONFIGURE + </pre><p> + All the major variable "discovery" is done here. CXX, multilibs, + etc. + </p><pre class="programlisting"> + fragments included from elsewhere + </pre><p> + Right now, "fragments" == "the math/linkage bits". + </p><pre class="programlisting"> + GLIBCXX_CHECK_COMPILER_FEATURES + GLIBCXX_CHECK_LINKER_FEATURES + GLIBCXX_CHECK_WCHAR_T_SUPPORT +</pre><p> + Next come extra compiler/linker feature tests. Wide character + support was placed here because I couldn't think of another place + for it. It will probably get broken apart like the math tests, + because we're still disabling wchars on systems which could actually + support them. +</p><pre class="programlisting"> + GLIBCXX_CHECK_SETRLIMIT_ancilliary + GLIBCXX_CHECK_SETRLIMIT + GLIBCXX_CHECK_S_ISREG_OR_S_IFREG + GLIBCXX_CHECK_POLL + GLIBCXX_CHECK_WRITEV + + GLIBCXX_CONFIGURE_TESTSUITE +</pre><p> + Feature tests which only get used in one place. Here, things used + only in the testsuite, plus a couple bits used in the guts of I/O. +</p><pre class="programlisting"> + GLIBCXX_EXPORT_INCLUDES + GLIBCXX_EXPORT_FLAGS + GLIBCXX_EXPORT_INSTALL_INFO +</pre><p> + Installation variables, multilibs, working with the rest of the + compiler. Many of the critical variables used in the makefiles are + set here. +</p><pre class="programlisting"> + GLIBGCC_ENABLE + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_C99 + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_CHEADERS + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_CLOCALE + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_CONCEPT_CHECKS + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_CSTDIO + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_CXX_FLAGS + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_C_MBCHAR + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_DEBUG + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_DEBUG_FLAGS + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_LONG_LONG + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_PCH + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_SJLJ_EXCEPTIONS + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_SYMVERS + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_THREADS +</pre><p> + All the features which can be controlled with enable/disable + configure options. Note how they're alphabetized now? Keep them + like that. :-) +</p><pre class="programlisting"> + AC_LC_MESSAGES + libtool bits +</pre><p> + Things which we don't seem to use directly, but just has to be + present otherwise stuff magically goes wonky. +</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="build_hacking.enable"></a><code class="constant">GLIBCXX_ENABLE</code>, the <code class="literal">--enable</code> maker</h3></div></div></div><p> + All the GLIBCXX_ENABLE_FOO macros use a common helper, + GLIBCXX_ENABLE. (You don't have to use it, but it's easy.) The + helper does two things for us: + </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p> + Builds the call to the AC_ARG_ENABLE macro, with --help text + properly quoted and aligned. (Death to changequote!) + </p></li><li><p> + Checks the result against a list of allowed possibilities, and + signals a fatal error if there's no match. This means that the + rest of the GLIBCXX_ENABLE_FOO macro doesn't need to test for + strange arguments, nor do we need to protect against + empty/whitespace strings with the <code class="code">"x$foo" = "xbar"</code> + idiom. + </p></li></ol></div><p>Doing these things correctly takes some extra autoconf/autom4te code, + which made our macros nearly illegible. So all the ugliness is factored + out into this one helper macro. +</p><p>Many of the macros take an argument, passed from when they are expanded + in configure.ac. The argument controls the default value of the + enable/disable switch. Previously, the arguments themselves had defaults. + Now they don't, because that's extra complexity with zero gain for us. +</p><p>There are three "overloaded signatures". When reading the descriptions + below, keep in mind that the brackets are autoconf's quotation characters, + and that they will be stripped. Examples of just about everything occur + in acinclude.m4, if you want to look. +</p><pre class="programlisting"> + GLIBCXX_ENABLE (FEATURE, DEFAULT, HELP-ARG, HELP-STRING) + GLIBCXX_ENABLE (FEATURE, DEFAULT, HELP-ARG, HELP-STRING, permit a|b|c) + GLIBCXX_ENABLE (FEATURE, DEFAULT, HELP-ARG, HELP-STRING, SHELL-CODE-HANDLER) +</pre><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> + FEATURE is the string that follows --enable. The results of the + test (such as it is) will be in the variable $enable_FEATURE, + where FEATURE has been squashed. Example: + <code class="code">[extra-foo]</code>, controlled by the --enable-extra-foo + option and stored in $enable_extra_foo. + </p></li><li><p> + DEFAULT is the value to store in $enable_FEATURE if the user does + not pass --enable/--disable. It should be one of the permitted + values passed later. Examples: <code class="code">[yes]</code>, or + <code class="code">[bar]</code>, or <code class="code">[$1]</code> (which passes the + argument given to the GLIBCXX_ENABLE_FOO macro as the + default). + </p><p> + For cases where we need to probe for particular models of things, + it is useful to have an undocumented "auto" value here (see + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_CLOCALE for an example). + </p></li><li><p> + HELP-ARG is any text to append to the option string itself in the + --help output. Examples: <code class="code">[]</code> (i.e., an empty string, + which appends nothing), <code class="code">[=BAR]</code>, which produces + <code class="code">--enable-extra-foo=BAR</code>, and + <code class="code">[@<:@=BAR@:>@]</code>, which produces + <code class="code">--enable-extra-foo[=BAR]</code>. See the difference? See + what it implies to the user? + </p><p> + If you're wondering what that line noise in the last example was, + that's how you embed autoconf special characters in output text. + They're called <a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/manual/autoconf-2.57/html_node/autoconf_95.html#SEC95" target="_top"><span class="emphasis"><em>quadrigraphs</em></span></a> + and you should use them whenever necessary. + </p></li><li><p>HELP-STRING is what you think it is. Do not include the + "default" text like we used to do; it will be done for you by + GLIBCXX_ENABLE. By convention, these are not full English + sentences. Example: [turn on extra foo] + </p></li></ul></div><p> + With no other arguments, only the standard autoconf patterns are + allowed: "<code class="code">--{enable,disable}-foo[={yes,no}]</code>" The + $enable_FEATURE variable is guaranteed to equal either "yes" or "no" + after the macro. If the user tries to pass something else, an + explanatory error message will be given, and configure will halt. +</p><p> + The second signature takes a fifth argument, "<code class="code">[permit + a | b | c | ...]</code>" + This allows <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>b</em></span> or + ... after the equals sign in the option, and $enable_FEATURE is + guaranteed to equal one of them after the macro. Note that if you + want to allow plain --enable/--disable with no "=whatever", you must + include "yes" and "no" in the list of permitted values. Also note + that whatever you passed as DEFAULT must be in the list. If the + user tries to pass something not on the list, a semi-explanatory + error message will be given, and configure will halt. Example: + <code class="code">[permit generic|gnu|ieee_1003.1-2001|yes|no|auto]</code> +</p><p> + The third signature takes a fifth argument. It is arbitrary shell + code to execute if the user actually passes the enable/disable + option. (If the user does not, the default is used. Duh.) No + argument checking at all is done in this signature. See + GLIBCXX_ENABLE_CXX_FLAGS for an example of handling, and an error + message. +</p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="source_design_notes.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="spine.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="internals.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Design Notes </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</td></tr></table></div></body></html> |