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+/* Transformer.java -- 
+   Copyright (C) 2003, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+This file is a part of GNU Classpath.
+
+GNU Classpath is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
+your option) any later version.
+
+GNU Classpath is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with GNU Classpath; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301
+USA
+
+Linking this library statically or dynamically with other modules is
+making a combined work based on this library.  Thus, the terms and
+conditions of the GNU General Public License cover the whole
+combination.
+
+As a special exception, the copyright holders of this library give you
+permission to link this library with independent modules to produce an
+executable, regardless of the license terms of these independent
+modules, and to copy and distribute the resulting executable under
+terms of your choice, provided that you also meet, for each linked
+independent module, the terms and conditions of the license of that
+module.  An independent module is a module which is not derived from
+or based on this library.  If you modify this library, you may extend
+this exception to your version of the library, but you are not
+obligated to do so.  If you do not wish to do so, delete this
+exception statement from your version.  */
+
+
+package gnu.javax.crypto.assembly;
+
+import gnu.javax.crypto.pad.IPad;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A <code>Transformer</code> is an abstract representation of a two-way
+ * <i>transformation</i> that can be chained together with other instances of
+ * this type. Examples of such transformations in this library are:
+ * {@link Cascade} cipher, {@link gnu.javax.crypto.pad.IPad} algorithm, and a
+ * ZLib-based deflater/inflater algorithm. A special implementation of a
+ * <code>Transformer</code> to close a chain is also provided.
+ * <p>
+ * A <code>Transformer</code> is characterised by the followings:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>It can be chained to other instances, to form an {@link Assembly}.</li>
+ * <li>When configured in an {@link Assembly}, it can be set to apply its
+ * internal transformation on the input data stream before (pre-processing) or
+ * after (post-processing) passing the input data to the next element in the
+ * chain. Note that the same type <code>Transformer</code> can be used as
+ * either in pre-processing or a post-processing modes.</li>
+ * <li>A special transformer --<code>LoopbackTransformer</code>-- is used
+ * to close the chain.</li>
+ * <li>A useful type of <code>Transformer</code> --one we're interested in--
+ * has internal buffers. The distinction between a casual push (update)
+ * operation and the last one allows to correctly flush any intermediate bytes
+ * that may exist in those buffers.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ * <p>
+ * To allow wiring <code>Transformer</code> instances together, a
+ * <i>minimal-output-size</i> in bytes is necessary. The trivial case of a
+ * value of <code>1</code> for such attribute practically means that no output
+ * buffering, from the previous element, is needed --which is independant of
+ * buffering the input if the <code>Transformer</code> implementation itself
+ * is block-based.
+ * 
+ * @see CascadeTransformer
+ * @see PaddingTransformer
+ * @see DeflateTransformer
+ */
+public abstract class Transformer
+{
+  public static final String DIRECTION = "gnu.crypto.assembly.transformer.direction";
+
+  protected Direction wired;
+
+  protected Operation mode;
+
+  protected Transformer tail = null;
+
+  protected ByteArrayOutputStream inBuffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(2048);
+
+  protected ByteArrayOutputStream outBuffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(2048);
+
+  /** Trivial protected constructor. */
+  protected Transformer()
+  {
+    super();
+
+    this.wired = null;
+  }
+
+  public static final Transformer getCascadeTransformer(Cascade cascade)
+  {
+    return new CascadeTransformer(cascade);
+  }
+
+  public static final Transformer getPaddingTransformer(IPad padding)
+  {
+    return new PaddingTransformer(padding);
+  }
+
+  public static final Transformer getDeflateTransformer()
+  {
+    return new DeflateTransformer();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the operational mode of this <code>Transformer</code>.
+   * 
+   * @param mode the processing mode this <code>Transformer</code> is required
+   *          to operate in.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if this instance has already been assigned an
+   *           operational mode.
+   */
+  public void setMode(final Operation mode)
+  {
+    if (this.mode != null)
+      throw new IllegalStateException();
+    this.mode = mode;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns <code>true</code> if this <code>Transformer</code> was wired in
+   * pre-processing mode; <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   * 
+   * @return <code>true</code> if this <code>Transformer</code> has been
+   *         wired in pre-processing mode; <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if this instance has not yet been assigned an
+   *           operational <i>type</i>.
+   */
+  public boolean isPreProcessing()
+  {
+    if (mode == null)
+      throw new IllegalStateException();
+    return (mode == Operation.PRE_PROCESSING);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns <code>true</code> if this <code>Transformer</code> was wired in
+   * post-processing mode; <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   * 
+   * @return <code>true</code> if this <code>Transformer</code> has been
+   *         wired in post-processing mode; <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if this instance has not yet been assigned an
+   *           operational <i>type</i>.
+   */
+  public boolean isPostProcessing()
+  {
+    return ! isPreProcessing();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initialises the <code>Transformer</code> for operation with specific
+   * characteristics.
+   * 
+   * @param attributes a set of name-value pairs that describes the desired
+   *          future behaviour of this instance.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if the instance is already initialised.
+   */
+  public void init(Map attributes) throws TransformerException
+  {
+    if (wired != null)
+      throw new IllegalStateException();
+    Direction flow = (Direction) attributes.get(DIRECTION);
+    if (flow == null)
+      flow = Direction.FORWARD;
+    wired = flow;
+    inBuffer.reset();
+    outBuffer.reset();
+    tail.init(attributes); // initialise tail first
+    initDelegate(attributes); // initialise this instance
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the block-size of this <code>Transformer</code>. A value of
+   * <code>1</code> indicates that this instance is block-agnostic.
+   * 
+   * @return the current minimal required block size.
+   */
+  public int currentBlockSize()
+  {
+    if (wired == null)
+      throw new IllegalStateException();
+    return delegateBlockSize();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resets the <code>Transformer</code> for re-initialisation and use with
+   * other characteristics. This method always succeeds.
+   */
+  public void reset()
+  {
+    resetDelegate();
+    wired = null;
+    inBuffer.reset();
+    outBuffer.reset();
+    tail.reset(); // reset tail last
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convenience method that calls the method with same name and three
+   * arguments, using a byte array of length <code>1</code> whose contents are
+   * the designated byte.
+   * 
+   * @param b the byte to process.
+   * @return the result of transformation.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if the instance is not initialised.
+   * @throws TransformerException if a transformation-related exception occurs
+   *           during the operation.
+   * @see #update(byte[], int, int)
+   */
+  public byte[] update(byte b) throws TransformerException
+  {
+    return update(new byte[] { b }, 0, 1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convenience method that calls the same method with three arguments. All
+   * bytes in <code>in</code>, starting from index position <code>0</code>
+   * are considered.
+   * 
+   * @param in the input data bytes.
+   * @return the result of transformation.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if the instance is not initialised.
+   * @throws TransformerException if a transformation-related exception occurs
+   *           during the operation.
+   * @see #update(byte[], int, int)
+   */
+  public byte[] update(byte[] in) throws TransformerException
+  {
+    return update(in, 0, in.length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Processes a designated number of bytes from a given byte array.
+   * 
+   * @param in the input data bytes.
+   * @param offset index of <code>in</code> from which to start considering
+   *          data.
+   * @param length the count of bytes to process.
+   * @return the result of transformation.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if the instance is not initialised.
+   * @throws TransformerException if a transformation-related exception occurs
+   *           during the operation.
+   */
+  public byte[] update(byte[] in, int offset, int length)
+      throws TransformerException
+  {
+    if (wired == null)
+      throw new IllegalStateException();
+    byte[] result = (wired == Direction.FORWARD ? forwardUpdate(in, offset, length)
+                                                : inverseUpdate(in, offset, length));
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convenience method that calls the same method with three arguments. A
+   * zero-long byte array is used.
+   * 
+   * @return the result of transformation.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if the instance is not initialised.
+   * @throws TransformerException if a transformation-related exception occurs
+   *           during the operation.
+   * @see #lastUpdate(byte[], int, int)
+   */
+  public byte[] lastUpdate() throws TransformerException
+  {
+    byte[] result = (wired == Direction.FORWARD ? lastForwardUpdate()
+                                                : lastInverseUpdate());
+    if (inBuffer.size() != 0) // we still have some buffered bytes
+      throw new TransformerException("lastUpdate(): input buffer not empty");
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convenience method that calls the method with same name and three
+   * arguments, using a byte array of length <code>1</code> whose contents are
+   * the designated byte.
+   * 
+   * @param b the byte to process.
+   * @return the result of transformation.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if the instance is not initialised.
+   * @throws TransformerException if a transformation-related exception occurs
+   *           during the operation.
+   * @see #lastUpdate(byte[], int, int)
+   */
+  public byte[] lastUpdate(byte b) throws TransformerException
+  {
+    return lastUpdate(new byte[] { b }, 0, 1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convenience method that calls the same method with three arguments. All
+   * bytes in <code>in</code>, starting from index position <code>0</code>
+   * are considered.
+   * 
+   * @param in the input data bytes.
+   * @return the result of transformation.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if the instance is not initialised.
+   * @throws TransformerException if a transformation-related exception occurs
+   *           during the operation.
+   * @see #lastUpdate(byte[], int, int)
+   */
+  public byte[] lastUpdate(byte[] in) throws TransformerException
+  {
+    return lastUpdate(in, 0, in.length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Processes a designated number of bytes from a given byte array and signals,
+   * at the same time, that this is the last <i>push</i> operation on this
+   * <code>Transformer</code>.
+   * 
+   * @param in the input data bytes.
+   * @param offset index of <code>in</code> from which to start considering
+   *          data.
+   * @param length the count of bytes to process.
+   * @return the result of transformation.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if the instance is not initialised.
+   * @throws TransformerException if a transformation-related exception occurs
+   *           during the operation.
+   */
+  public byte[] lastUpdate(byte[] in, int offset, int length)
+      throws TransformerException
+  {
+    byte[] result = update(in, offset, length);
+    byte[] rest = lastUpdate();
+    if (rest.length > 0)
+      {
+        byte[] newResult = new byte[result.length + rest.length];
+        System.arraycopy(result, 0, newResult, 0, result.length);
+        System.arraycopy(rest, 0, newResult, result.length, rest.length);
+        result = newResult;
+      }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private byte[] forwardUpdate(byte[] in, int off, int len)
+      throws TransformerException
+  {
+    return (isPreProcessing() ? preTransform(in, off, len)
+                              : postTransform(in, off, len));
+  }
+
+  private byte[] inverseUpdate(byte[] in, int off, int len)
+      throws TransformerException
+  {
+    return (isPreProcessing() ? postTransform(in, off, len)
+                              : preTransform(in, off, len));
+  }
+
+  private byte[] preTransform(byte[] in, int off, int len)
+      throws TransformerException
+  {
+    byte[] result = updateDelegate(in, off, len);
+    result = tail.update(result);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private byte[] postTransform(byte[] in, int off, int len)
+      throws TransformerException
+  {
+    byte[] result = tail.update(in, off, len);
+    result = updateDelegate(result, 0, result.length);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private byte[] lastForwardUpdate() throws TransformerException
+  {
+    return (isPreProcessing() ? preLastTransform() : postLastTransform());
+  }
+
+  private byte[] lastInverseUpdate() throws TransformerException
+  {
+    return (isPreProcessing() ? postLastTransform() : preLastTransform());
+  }
+
+  private byte[] preLastTransform() throws TransformerException
+  {
+    byte[] result = lastUpdateDelegate();
+    result = tail.lastUpdate(result);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private byte[] postLastTransform() throws TransformerException
+  {
+    byte[] result = tail.lastUpdate();
+    result = updateDelegate(result, 0, result.length);
+    byte[] rest = lastUpdateDelegate();
+    if (rest.length > 0)
+      {
+        byte[] newResult = new byte[result.length + rest.length];
+        System.arraycopy(result, 0, newResult, 0, result.length);
+        System.arraycopy(rest, 0, newResult, result.length, rest.length);
+        result = newResult;
+      }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  abstract void initDelegate(Map attributes) throws TransformerException;
+
+  abstract int delegateBlockSize();
+
+  abstract void resetDelegate();
+
+  abstract byte[] updateDelegate(byte[] in, int off, int len)
+      throws TransformerException;
+
+  abstract byte[] lastUpdateDelegate() throws TransformerException;
+}