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+/*
+ * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
+ * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
+ * http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain
+ */
+
+package java.util.concurrent;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} that can additionally schedule
+ * commands to run after a given delay, or to execute
+ * periodically. This class is preferable to {@link java.util.Timer}
+ * when multiple worker threads are needed, or when the additional
+ * flexibility or capabilities of {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} (which
+ * this class extends) are required.
+ *
+ * <p> Delayed tasks execute no sooner than they are enabled, but
+ * without any real-time guarantees about when, after they are
+ * enabled, they will commence. Tasks scheduled for exactly the same
+ * execution time are enabled in first-in-first-out (FIFO) order of
+ * submission.
+ *
+ * <p>While this class inherits from {@link ThreadPoolExecutor}, a few
+ * of the inherited tuning methods are not useful for it. In
+ * particular, because it acts as a fixed-sized pool using
+ * <tt>corePoolSize</tt> threads and an unbounded queue, adjustments
+ * to <tt>maximumPoolSize</tt> have no useful effect.
+ *
+ * <p><b>Extension notes:</b> This class overrides {@link
+ * AbstractExecutorService} <tt>submit</tt> methods to generate
+ * internal objects to control per-task delays and scheduling. To
+ * preserve functionality, any further overrides of these methods in
+ * subclasses must invoke superclass versions, which effectively
+ * disables additional task customization. However, this class
+ * provides alternative protected extension method
+ * <tt>decorateTask</tt> (one version each for <tt>Runnable</tt> and
+ * <tt>Callable</tt>) that can be used to customize the concrete task
+ * types used to execute commands entered via <tt>execute</tt>,
+ * <tt>submit</tt>, <tt>schedule</tt>, <tt>scheduleAtFixedRate</tt>,
+ * and <tt>scheduleWithFixedDelay</tt>. By default, a
+ * <tt>ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor</tt> uses a task type extending
+ * {@link FutureTask}. However, this may be modified or replaced using
+ * subclasses of the form:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * public class CustomScheduledExecutor extends ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor {
+ *
+ * static class CustomTask&lt;V&gt; implements RunnableScheduledFuture&lt;V&gt; { ... }
+ *
+ * protected &lt;V&gt; RunnableScheduledFuture&lt;V&gt; decorateTask(
+ * Runnable r, RunnableScheduledFuture&lt;V&gt; task) {
+ * return new CustomTask&lt;V&gt;(r, task);
+ * }
+ *
+ * protected &lt;V&gt; RunnableScheduledFuture&lt;V&gt; decorateTask(
+ * Callable&lt;V&gt; c, RunnableScheduledFuture&lt;V&gt; task) {
+ * return new CustomTask&lt;V&gt;(c, task);
+ * }
+ * // ... add constructors, etc.
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ * @since 1.5
+ * @author Doug Lea
+ */
+public class ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
+ extends ThreadPoolExecutor
+ implements ScheduledExecutorService {
+
+ /**
+ * False if should cancel/suppress periodic tasks on shutdown.
+ */
+ private volatile boolean continueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdown;
+
+ /**
+ * False if should cancel non-periodic tasks on shutdown.
+ */
+ private volatile boolean executeExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdown = true;
+
+ /**
+ * Sequence number to break scheduling ties, and in turn to
+ * guarantee FIFO order among tied entries.
+ */
+ private static final AtomicLong sequencer = new AtomicLong(0);
+
+ /** Base of nanosecond timings, to avoid wrapping */
+ private static final long NANO_ORIGIN = System.nanoTime();
+
+ /**
+ * Returns nanosecond time offset by origin
+ */
+ final long now() {
+ return System.nanoTime() - NANO_ORIGIN;
+ }
+
+ private class ScheduledFutureTask<V>
+ extends FutureTask<V> implements RunnableScheduledFuture<V> {
+
+ /** Sequence number to break ties FIFO */
+ private final long sequenceNumber;
+ /** The time the task is enabled to execute in nanoTime units */
+ private long time;
+ /**
+ * Period in nanoseconds for repeating tasks. A positive
+ * value indicates fixed-rate execution. A negative value
+ * indicates fixed-delay execution. A value of 0 indicates a
+ * non-repeating task.
+ */
+ private final long period;
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a one-shot action with given nanoTime-based trigger time.
+ */
+ ScheduledFutureTask(Runnable r, V result, long ns) {
+ super(r, result);
+ this.time = ns;
+ this.period = 0;
+ this.sequenceNumber = sequencer.getAndIncrement();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a periodic action with given nano time and period.
+ */
+ ScheduledFutureTask(Runnable r, V result, long ns, long period) {
+ super(r, result);
+ this.time = ns;
+ this.period = period;
+ this.sequenceNumber = sequencer.getAndIncrement();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a one-shot action with given nanoTime-based trigger.
+ */
+ ScheduledFutureTask(Callable<V> callable, long ns) {
+ super(callable);
+ this.time = ns;
+ this.period = 0;
+ this.sequenceNumber = sequencer.getAndIncrement();
+ }
+
+ public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
+ long d = unit.convert(time - now(), TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
+ return d;
+ }
+
+ public int compareTo(Delayed other) {
+ if (other == this) // compare zero ONLY if same object
+ return 0;
+ if (other instanceof ScheduledFutureTask) {
+ ScheduledFutureTask<?> x = (ScheduledFutureTask<?>)other;
+ long diff = time - x.time;
+ if (diff < 0)
+ return -1;
+ else if (diff > 0)
+ return 1;
+ else if (sequenceNumber < x.sequenceNumber)
+ return -1;
+ else
+ return 1;
+ }
+ long d = (getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) -
+ other.getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS));
+ return (d == 0)? 0 : ((d < 0)? -1 : 1);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns true if this is a periodic (not a one-shot) action.
+ *
+ * @return true if periodic
+ */
+ public boolean isPeriodic() {
+ return period != 0;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Runs a periodic task.
+ */
+ private void runPeriodic() {
+ boolean ok = ScheduledFutureTask.super.runAndReset();
+ boolean down = isShutdown();
+ // Reschedule if not cancelled and not shutdown or policy allows
+ if (ok && (!down ||
+ (getContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy() &&
+ !isTerminating()))) {
+ long p = period;
+ if (p > 0)
+ time += p;
+ else
+ time = now() - p;
+ // Classpath local: ecj from eclipse 3.1 does not
+ // compile this.
+ // ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.super.getQueue().add(this);
+ ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.super.getQueue().add((Runnable) this);
+ }
+ // This might have been the final executed delayed
+ // task. Wake up threads to check.
+ else if (down)
+ interruptIdleWorkers();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Overrides FutureTask version so as to reset/requeue if periodic.
+ */
+ public void run() {
+ if (isPeriodic())
+ runPeriodic();
+ else
+ ScheduledFutureTask.super.run();
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Specialized variant of ThreadPoolExecutor.execute for delayed tasks.
+ */
+ private void delayedExecute(Runnable command) {
+ if (isShutdown()) {
+ reject(command);
+ return;
+ }
+ // Prestart a thread if necessary. We cannot prestart it
+ // running the task because the task (probably) shouldn't be
+ // run yet, so thread will just idle until delay elapses.
+ if (getPoolSize() < getCorePoolSize())
+ prestartCoreThread();
+
+ super.getQueue().add(command);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Cancels and clears the queue of all tasks that should not be run
+ * due to shutdown policy.
+ */
+ private void cancelUnwantedTasks() {
+ boolean keepDelayed = getExecuteExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdownPolicy();
+ boolean keepPeriodic = getContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy();
+ if (!keepDelayed && !keepPeriodic)
+ super.getQueue().clear();
+ else if (keepDelayed || keepPeriodic) {
+ Object[] entries = super.getQueue().toArray();
+ for (int i = 0; i < entries.length; ++i) {
+ Object e = entries[i];
+ if (e instanceof RunnableScheduledFuture) {
+ RunnableScheduledFuture<?> t = (RunnableScheduledFuture<?>)e;
+ if (t.isPeriodic()? !keepPeriodic : !keepDelayed)
+ t.cancel(false);
+ }
+ }
+ entries = null;
+ purge();
+ }
+ }
+
+ public boolean remove(Runnable task) {
+ if (!(task instanceof RunnableScheduledFuture))
+ return false;
+ return getQueue().remove(task);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Modifies or replaces the task used to execute a runnable.
+ * This method can be used to override the concrete
+ * class used for managing internal tasks.
+ * The default implementation simply returns the given task.
+ *
+ * @param runnable the submitted Runnable
+ * @param task the task created to execute the runnable
+ * @return a task that can execute the runnable
+ * @since 1.6
+ */
+ protected <V> RunnableScheduledFuture<V> decorateTask(
+ Runnable runnable, RunnableScheduledFuture<V> task) {
+ return task;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Modifies or replaces the task used to execute a callable.
+ * This method can be used to override the concrete
+ * class used for managing internal tasks.
+ * The default implementation simply returns the given task.
+ *
+ * @param callable the submitted Callable
+ * @param task the task created to execute the callable
+ * @return a task that can execute the callable
+ * @since 1.6
+ */
+ protected <V> RunnableScheduledFuture<V> decorateTask(
+ Callable<V> callable, RunnableScheduledFuture<V> task) {
+ return task;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor with the given core
+ * pool size.
+ *
+ * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool,
+ * even if they are idle
+ * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>corePoolSize &lt; 0</tt>
+ */
+ public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
+ super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS,
+ new DelayedWorkQueue());
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor with the given
+ * initial parameters.
+ *
+ * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool,
+ * even if they are idle
+ * @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor
+ * creates a new thread
+ * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>corePoolSize &lt; 0</tt>
+ * @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null
+ */
+ public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
+ ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
+ super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS,
+ new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor with the given
+ * initial parameters.
+ *
+ * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool,
+ * even if they are idle
+ * @param handler the handler to use when execution is blocked
+ * because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached
+ * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>corePoolSize &lt; 0</tt>
+ * @throws NullPointerException if handler is null
+ */
+ public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
+ RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
+ super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS,
+ new DelayedWorkQueue(), handler);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor with the given
+ * initial parameters.
+ *
+ * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool,
+ * even if they are idle
+ * @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor
+ * creates a new thread
+ * @param handler the handler to use when execution is blocked
+ * because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached.
+ * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>corePoolSize &lt; 0</tt>
+ * @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory or handler is null
+ */
+ public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
+ ThreadFactory threadFactory,
+ RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
+ super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS,
+ new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory, handler);
+ }
+
+ public ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(Runnable command,
+ long delay,
+ TimeUnit unit) {
+ if (command == null || unit == null)
+ throw new NullPointerException();
+ long triggerTime = now() + unit.toNanos(delay);
+ RunnableScheduledFuture<?> t = decorateTask(command,
+ new ScheduledFutureTask<Boolean>(command, null, triggerTime));
+ delayedExecute(t);
+ return t;
+ }
+
+ public <V> ScheduledFuture<V> schedule(Callable<V> callable,
+ long delay,
+ TimeUnit unit) {
+ if (callable == null || unit == null)
+ throw new NullPointerException();
+ if (delay < 0) delay = 0;
+ long triggerTime = now() + unit.toNanos(delay);
+ RunnableScheduledFuture<V> t = decorateTask(callable,
+ new ScheduledFutureTask<V>(callable, triggerTime));
+ delayedExecute(t);
+ return t;
+ }
+
+ public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable command,
+ long initialDelay,
+ long period,
+ TimeUnit unit) {
+ if (command == null || unit == null)
+ throw new NullPointerException();
+ if (period <= 0)
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+ if (initialDelay < 0) initialDelay = 0;
+ long triggerTime = now() + unit.toNanos(initialDelay);
+ RunnableScheduledFuture<?> t = decorateTask(command,
+ new ScheduledFutureTask<Object>(command,
+ null,
+ triggerTime,
+ unit.toNanos(period)));
+ delayedExecute(t);
+ return t;
+ }
+
+ public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleWithFixedDelay(Runnable command,
+ long initialDelay,
+ long delay,
+ TimeUnit unit) {
+ if (command == null || unit == null)
+ throw new NullPointerException();
+ if (delay <= 0)
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+ if (initialDelay < 0) initialDelay = 0;
+ long triggerTime = now() + unit.toNanos(initialDelay);
+ RunnableScheduledFuture<?> t = decorateTask(command,
+ new ScheduledFutureTask<Boolean>(command,
+ null,
+ triggerTime,
+ unit.toNanos(-delay)));
+ delayedExecute(t);
+ return t;
+ }
+
+
+ /**
+ * Executes command with zero required delay. This has effect
+ * equivalent to <tt>schedule(command, 0, anyUnit)</tt>. Note
+ * that inspections of the queue and of the list returned by
+ * <tt>shutdownNow</tt> will access the zero-delayed
+ * {@link ScheduledFuture}, not the <tt>command</tt> itself.
+ *
+ * @param command the task to execute
+ * @throws RejectedExecutionException at discretion of
+ * <tt>RejectedExecutionHandler</tt>, if task cannot be accepted
+ * for execution because the executor has been shut down.
+ * @throws NullPointerException if command is null
+ */
+ public void execute(Runnable command) {
+ if (command == null)
+ throw new NullPointerException();
+ schedule(command, 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
+ }
+
+ // Override AbstractExecutorService methods
+
+ public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
+ return schedule(task, 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
+ }
+
+ public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) {
+ return schedule(Executors.callable(task, result),
+ 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
+ }
+
+ public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
+ return schedule(task, 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Sets the policy on whether to continue executing existing periodic
+ * tasks even when this executor has been <tt>shutdown</tt>. In
+ * this case, these tasks will only terminate upon
+ * <tt>shutdownNow</tt>, or after setting the policy to
+ * <tt>false</tt> when already shutdown. This value is by default
+ * false.
+ *
+ * @param value if true, continue after shutdown, else don't.
+ * @see #getContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy
+ */
+ public void setContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy(boolean value) {
+ continueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdown = value;
+ if (!value && isShutdown())
+ cancelUnwantedTasks();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the policy on whether to continue executing existing
+ * periodic tasks even when this executor has been
+ * <tt>shutdown</tt>. In this case, these tasks will only
+ * terminate upon <tt>shutdownNow</tt> or after setting the policy
+ * to <tt>false</tt> when already shutdown. This value is by
+ * default false.
+ *
+ * @return true if will continue after shutdown
+ * @see #setContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy
+ */
+ public boolean getContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy() {
+ return continueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdown;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Sets the policy on whether to execute existing delayed
+ * tasks even when this executor has been <tt>shutdown</tt>. In
+ * this case, these tasks will only terminate upon
+ * <tt>shutdownNow</tt>, or after setting the policy to
+ * <tt>false</tt> when already shutdown. This value is by default
+ * true.
+ *
+ * @param value if true, execute after shutdown, else don't.
+ * @see #getExecuteExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdownPolicy
+ */
+ public void setExecuteExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdownPolicy(boolean value) {
+ executeExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdown = value;
+ if (!value && isShutdown())
+ cancelUnwantedTasks();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the policy on whether to execute existing delayed
+ * tasks even when this executor has been <tt>shutdown</tt>. In
+ * this case, these tasks will only terminate upon
+ * <tt>shutdownNow</tt>, or after setting the policy to
+ * <tt>false</tt> when already shutdown. This value is by default
+ * true.
+ *
+ * @return true if will execute after shutdown
+ * @see #setExecuteExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdownPolicy
+ */
+ public boolean getExecuteExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdownPolicy() {
+ return executeExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdown;
+ }
+
+
+ /**
+ * Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted
+ * tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted. If the
+ * <tt>ExecuteExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdownPolicy</tt> has
+ * been set <tt>false</tt>, existing delayed tasks whose delays
+ * have not yet elapsed are cancelled. And unless the
+ * <tt>ContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy</tt> has
+ * been set <tt>true</tt>, future executions of existing periodic
+ * tasks will be cancelled.
+ */
+ public void shutdown() {
+ cancelUnwantedTasks();
+ super.shutdown();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the
+ * processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks
+ * that were awaiting execution.
+ *
+ * <p>There are no guarantees beyond best-effort attempts to stop
+ * processing actively executing tasks. This implementation
+ * cancels tasks via {@link Thread#interrupt}, so any task that
+ * fails to respond to interrupts may never terminate.
+ *
+ * @return list of tasks that never commenced execution. Each
+ * element of this list is a {@link ScheduledFuture},
+ * including those tasks submitted using <tt>execute</tt>, which
+ * are for scheduling purposes used as the basis of a zero-delay
+ * <tt>ScheduledFuture</tt>.
+ * @throws SecurityException {@inheritDoc}
+ */
+ public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
+ return super.shutdownNow();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns the task queue used by this executor. Each element of
+ * this queue is a {@link ScheduledFuture}, including those
+ * tasks submitted using <tt>execute</tt> which are for scheduling
+ * purposes used as the basis of a zero-delay
+ * <tt>ScheduledFuture</tt>. Iteration over this queue is
+ * <em>not</em> guaranteed to traverse tasks in the order in
+ * which they will execute.
+ *
+ * @return the task queue
+ */
+ public BlockingQueue<Runnable> getQueue() {
+ return super.getQueue();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * An annoying wrapper class to convince javac to use a
+ * DelayQueue<RunnableScheduledFuture> as a BlockingQueue<Runnable>
+ */
+ private static class DelayedWorkQueue
+ extends AbstractCollection<Runnable>
+ implements BlockingQueue<Runnable> {
+
+ private final DelayQueue<RunnableScheduledFuture> dq = new DelayQueue<RunnableScheduledFuture>();
+ public Runnable poll() { return dq.poll(); }
+ public Runnable peek() { return dq.peek(); }
+ public Runnable take() throws InterruptedException { return dq.take(); }
+ public Runnable poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
+ return dq.poll(timeout, unit);
+ }
+
+ public boolean add(Runnable x) {
+ return dq.add((RunnableScheduledFuture)x);
+ }
+ public boolean offer(Runnable x) {
+ return dq.offer((RunnableScheduledFuture)x);
+ }
+ public void put(Runnable x) {
+ dq.put((RunnableScheduledFuture)x);
+ }
+ public boolean offer(Runnable x, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
+ return dq.offer((RunnableScheduledFuture)x, timeout, unit);
+ }
+
+ public Runnable remove() { return dq.remove(); }
+ public Runnable element() { return dq.element(); }
+ public void clear() { dq.clear(); }
+ public int drainTo(Collection<? super Runnable> c) { return dq.drainTo(c); }
+ public int drainTo(Collection<? super Runnable> c, int maxElements) {
+ return dq.drainTo(c, maxElements);
+ }
+
+ public int remainingCapacity() { return dq.remainingCapacity(); }
+ public boolean remove(Object x) { return dq.remove(x); }
+ public boolean contains(Object x) { return dq.contains(x); }
+ public int size() { return dq.size(); }
+ public boolean isEmpty() { return dq.isEmpty(); }
+ public Object[] toArray() { return dq.toArray(); }
+ public <T> T[] toArray(T[] array) { return dq.toArray(array); }
+ public Iterator<Runnable> iterator() {
+ return new Iterator<Runnable>() {
+ private Iterator<RunnableScheduledFuture> it = dq.iterator();
+ public boolean hasNext() { return it.hasNext(); }
+ public Runnable next() { return it.next(); }
+ public void remove() { it.remove(); }
+ };
+ }
+ }
+}