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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- --
--- GNU ADA RUN-TIME LIBRARY (GNARL) COMPONENTS --
--- --
--- S Y S T E M . T A S K _ P R I M I T I V E S .O P E R A T I O N S --
--- --
--- S p e c --
--- --
--- Copyright (C) 1992-2009, Free Software Foundation, Inc. --
--- --
--- GNARL is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under --
--- terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Soft- --
--- ware Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later ver- --
--- sion. GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
--- OUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
--- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. --
--- --
--- As a special exception under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted --
--- additional permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, --
--- version 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation. --
--- --
--- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and --
--- a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program; --
--- see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see --
--- <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. --
--- --
--- GNARL was developed by the GNARL team at Florida State University. --
--- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies, Inc. --
--- --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--- This package contains all the GNULL primitives that interface directly with
--- the underlying OS.
-
-with System.Parameters;
-with System.Tasking;
-with System.OS_Interface;
-
-package System.Task_Primitives.Operations is
- pragma Preelaborate;
-
- package ST renames System.Tasking;
- package OSI renames System.OS_Interface;
-
- procedure Initialize (Environment_Task : ST.Task_Id);
- -- Perform initialization and set up of the environment task for proper
- -- operation of the tasking run-time. This must be called once, before any
- -- other subprograms of this package are called.
-
- procedure Create_Task
- (T : ST.Task_Id;
- Wrapper : System.Address;
- Stack_Size : System.Parameters.Size_Type;
- Priority : System.Any_Priority;
- Succeeded : out Boolean);
- pragma Inline (Create_Task);
- -- Create a new low-level task with ST.Task_Id T and place other needed
- -- information in the ATCB.
- --
- -- A new thread of control is created, with a stack of at least Stack_Size
- -- storage units, and the procedure Wrapper is called by this new thread
- -- of control. If Stack_Size = Unspecified_Storage_Size, choose a default
- -- stack size; this may be effectively "unbounded" on some systems.
- --
- -- The newly created low-level task is associated with the ST.Task_Id T
- -- such that any subsequent call to Self from within the context of the
- -- low-level task returns T.
- --
- -- The caller is responsible for ensuring that the storage of the Ada
- -- task control block object pointed to by T persists for the lifetime
- -- of the new task.
- --
- -- Succeeded is set to true unless creation of the task failed,
- -- as it may if there are insufficient resources to create another task.
-
- procedure Enter_Task (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id);
- pragma Inline (Enter_Task);
- -- Initialize data structures specific to the calling task. Self must be
- -- the ID of the calling task. It must be called (once) by the task
- -- immediately after creation, while abort is still deferred. The effects
- -- of other operations defined below are not defined unless the caller has
- -- previously called Initialize_Task.
-
- procedure Exit_Task;
- pragma Inline (Exit_Task);
- -- Destroy the thread of control. Self must be the ID of the calling task.
- -- The effects of further calls to operations defined below on the task
- -- are undefined thereafter.
-
- function New_ATCB (Entry_Num : ST.Task_Entry_Index) return ST.Task_Id;
- pragma Inline (New_ATCB);
- -- Allocate a new ATCB with the specified number of entries
-
- procedure Initialize_TCB (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id; Succeeded : out Boolean);
- pragma Inline (Initialize_TCB);
- -- Initialize all fields of the TCB
-
- procedure Finalize_TCB (T : ST.Task_Id);
- pragma Inline (Finalize_TCB);
- -- Finalizes Private_Data of ATCB, and then deallocates it. This is also
- -- responsible for recovering any storage or other resources that were
- -- allocated by Create_Task (the one in this package). This should only be
- -- called from Free_Task. After it is called there should be no further
- -- reference to the ATCB that corresponds to T.
-
- procedure Abort_Task (T : ST.Task_Id);
- pragma Inline (Abort_Task);
- -- Abort the task specified by T (the target task). This causes the target
- -- task to asynchronously raise Abort_Signal if abort is not deferred, or
- -- if it is blocked on an interruptible system call.
- --
- -- precondition:
- -- the calling task is holding T's lock and has abort deferred
- --
- -- postcondition:
- -- the calling task is holding T's lock and has abort deferred.
-
- -- ??? modify GNARL to skip wakeup and always call Abort_Task
-
- function Self return ST.Task_Id;
- pragma Inline (Self);
- -- Return a pointer to the Ada Task Control Block of the calling task
-
- type Lock_Level is
- (PO_Level,
- Global_Task_Level,
- RTS_Lock_Level,
- ATCB_Level);
- -- Type used to describe kind of lock for second form of Initialize_Lock
- -- call specified below. See locking rules in System.Tasking (spec) for
- -- more details.
-
- procedure Initialize_Lock
- (Prio : System.Any_Priority;
- L : not null access Lock);
- procedure Initialize_Lock
- (L : not null access RTS_Lock;
- Level : Lock_Level);
- pragma Inline (Initialize_Lock);
- -- Initialize a lock object
- --
- -- For Lock, Prio is the ceiling priority associated with the lock. For
- -- RTS_Lock, the ceiling is implicitly Priority'Last.
- --
- -- If the underlying system does not support priority ceiling
- -- locking, the Prio parameter is ignored.
- --
- -- The effect of either initialize operation is undefined unless is a lock
- -- object that has not been initialized, or which has been finalized since
- -- it was last initialized.
- --
- -- The effects of the other operations on lock objects are undefined
- -- unless the lock object has been initialized and has not since been
- -- finalized.
- --
- -- Initialization of the per-task lock is implicit in Create_Task
- --
- -- These operations raise Storage_Error if a lack of storage is detected
-
- procedure Finalize_Lock (L : not null access Lock);
- procedure Finalize_Lock (L : not null access RTS_Lock);
- pragma Inline (Finalize_Lock);
- -- Finalize a lock object, freeing any resources allocated by the
- -- corresponding Initialize_Lock operation.
-
- procedure Write_Lock
- (L : not null access Lock;
- Ceiling_Violation : out Boolean);
- procedure Write_Lock
- (L : not null access RTS_Lock;
- Global_Lock : Boolean := False);
- procedure Write_Lock
- (T : ST.Task_Id);
- pragma Inline (Write_Lock);
- -- Lock a lock object for write access. After this operation returns,
- -- the calling task holds write permission for the lock object. No other
- -- Write_Lock or Read_Lock operation on the same lock object will return
- -- until this task executes an Unlock operation on the same object. The
- -- effect is undefined if the calling task already holds read or write
- -- permission for the lock object L.
- --
- -- For the operation on Lock, Ceiling_Violation is set to true iff the
- -- operation failed, which will happen if there is a priority ceiling
- -- violation.
- --
- -- For the operation on RTS_Lock, Global_Lock should be set to True
- -- if L is a global lock (Single_RTS_Lock, Global_Task_Lock).
- --
- -- For the operation on ST.Task_Id, the lock is the special lock object
- -- associated with that task's ATCB. This lock has effective ceiling
- -- priority high enough that it is safe to call by a task with any
- -- priority in the range System.Priority. It is implicitly initialized
- -- by task creation. The effect is undefined if the calling task already
- -- holds T's lock, or has interrupt-level priority. Finalization of the
- -- per-task lock is implicit in Exit_Task.
-
- procedure Read_Lock
- (L : not null access Lock;
- Ceiling_Violation : out Boolean);
- pragma Inline (Read_Lock);
- -- Lock a lock object for read access. After this operation returns,
- -- the calling task has non-exclusive read permission for the logical
- -- resources that are protected by the lock. No other Write_Lock operation
- -- on the same object will return until this task and any other tasks with
- -- read permission for this lock have executed Unlock operation(s) on the
- -- lock object. A Read_Lock for a lock object may return immediately while
- -- there are tasks holding read permission, provided there are no tasks
- -- holding write permission for the object. The effect is undefined if
- -- the calling task already holds read or write permission for L.
- --
- -- Alternatively: An implementation may treat Read_Lock identically to
- -- Write_Lock. This simplifies the implementation, but reduces the level
- -- of concurrency that can be achieved.
- --
- -- Note that Read_Lock is not defined for RT_Lock and ST.Task_Id.
- -- That is because (1) so far Read_Lock has always been implemented
- -- the same as Write_Lock, (2) most lock usage inside the RTS involves
- -- potential write access, and (3) implementations of priority ceiling
- -- locking that make a reader-writer distinction have higher overhead.
-
- procedure Unlock
- (L : not null access Lock);
- procedure Unlock
- (L : not null access RTS_Lock;
- Global_Lock : Boolean := False);
- procedure Unlock
- (T : ST.Task_Id);
- pragma Inline (Unlock);
- -- Unlock a locked lock object
- --
- -- The effect is undefined unless the calling task holds read or write
- -- permission for the lock L, and L is the lock object most recently
- -- locked by the calling task for which the calling task still holds
- -- read or write permission. (That is, matching pairs of Lock and Unlock
- -- operations on each lock object must be properly nested.)
-
- -- For the operation on RTS_Lock, Global_Lock should be set to True if L
- -- is a global lock (Single_RTS_Lock, Global_Task_Lock).
- --
- -- Note that Write_Lock for RTS_Lock does not have an out-parameter.
- -- RTS_Locks are used in situations where we have not made provision for
- -- recovery from ceiling violations. We do not expect them to occur inside
- -- the runtime system, because all RTS locks have ceiling Priority'Last.
-
- -- There is one way there can be a ceiling violation. That is if the
- -- runtime system is called from a task that is executing in the
- -- Interrupt_Priority range.
-
- -- It is not clear what to do about ceiling violations due to RTS calls
- -- done at interrupt priority. In general, it is not acceptable to give
- -- all RTS locks interrupt priority, since that would give terrible
- -- performance on systems where this has the effect of masking hardware
- -- interrupts, though we could get away allowing Interrupt_Priority'last
- -- where we are layered on an OS that does not allow us to mask interrupts.
- -- Ideally, we would like to raise Program_Error back at the original point
- -- of the RTS call, but this would require a lot of detailed analysis and
- -- recoding, with almost certain performance penalties.
-
- -- For POSIX systems, we considered just skipping setting priority ceiling
- -- on RTS locks. This would mean there is no ceiling violation, but we
- -- would end up with priority inversions inside the runtime system,
- -- resulting in failure to satisfy the Ada priority rules, and possible
- -- missed validation tests. This could be compensated-for by explicit
- -- priority-change calls to raise the caller to Priority'Last whenever it
- -- first enters the runtime system, but the expected overhead seems high,
- -- though it might be lower than using locks with ceilings if the
- -- underlying implementation of ceiling locks is an inefficient one.
-
- -- This issue should be reconsidered whenever we get around to checking
- -- for calls to potentially blocking operations from within protected
- -- operations. If we check for such calls and catch them on entry to the
- -- OS, it may be that we can eliminate the possibility of ceiling
- -- violations inside the RTS. For this to work, we would have to forbid
- -- explicitly setting the priority of a task to anything in the
- -- Interrupt_Priority range, at least. We would also have to check that
- -- there are no RTS-lock operations done inside any operations that are
- -- not treated as potentially blocking.
-
- -- The latter approach seems to be the best, i.e. to check on entry to RTS
- -- calls that may need to use locks that the priority is not in the
- -- interrupt range. If there are RTS operations that NEED to be called
- -- from interrupt handlers, those few RTS locks should then be converted
- -- to PO-type locks, with ceiling Interrupt_Priority'Last.
-
- -- For now, we will just shut down the system if there is ceiling violation
-
- procedure Set_Ceiling
- (L : not null access Lock;
- Prio : System.Any_Priority);
- pragma Inline (Set_Ceiling);
- -- Change the ceiling priority associated to the lock
- --
- -- The effect is undefined unless the calling task holds read or write
- -- permission for the lock L, and L is the lock object most recently
- -- locked by the calling task for which the calling task still holds
- -- read or write permission. (That is, matching pairs of Lock and Unlock
- -- operations on each lock object must be properly nested.)
-
- procedure Yield (Do_Yield : Boolean := True);
- pragma Inline (Yield);
- -- Yield the processor. Add the calling task to the tail of the ready
- -- queue for its active_priority. The Do_Yield argument is only used in
- -- some very rare cases very a yield should have an effect on a specific
- -- target and not on regular ones.
-
- procedure Set_Priority
- (T : ST.Task_Id;
- Prio : System.Any_Priority;
- Loss_Of_Inheritance : Boolean := False);
- pragma Inline (Set_Priority);
- -- Set the priority of the task specified by T to T.Current_Priority. The
- -- priority set is what would correspond to the Ada concept of "base
- -- priority" in the terms of the lower layer system, but the operation may
- -- be used by the upper layer to implement changes in "active priority"
- -- that are not due to lock effects. The effect should be consistent with
- -- the Ada Reference Manual. In particular, when a task lowers its
- -- priority due to the loss of inherited priority, it goes at the head of
- -- the queue for its new priority (RM D.2.2 par 9). Loss_Of_Inheritance
- -- helps the underlying implementation to do it right when the OS doesn't.
-
- function Get_Priority (T : ST.Task_Id) return System.Any_Priority;
- pragma Inline (Get_Priority);
- -- Returns the priority last set by Set_Priority for this task
-
- function Monotonic_Clock return Duration;
- pragma Inline (Monotonic_Clock);
- -- Returns "absolute" time, represented as an offset relative to "the
- -- Epoch", which is Jan 1, 1970. This clock implementation is immune to
- -- the system's clock changes.
-
- function RT_Resolution return Duration;
- pragma Inline (RT_Resolution);
- -- Returns resolution of the underlying clock used to implement RT_Clock
-
- ----------------
- -- Extensions --
- ----------------
-
- -- Whoever calls either of the Sleep routines is responsible for checking
- -- for pending aborts before the call. Pending priority changes are handled
- -- internally.
-
- procedure Sleep
- (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id;
- Reason : System.Tasking.Task_States);
- pragma Inline (Sleep);
- -- Wait until the current task, T, is signaled to wake up
- --
- -- precondition:
- -- The calling task is holding its own ATCB lock
- -- and has abort deferred
- --
- -- postcondition:
- -- The calling task is holding its own ATCB lock and has abort deferred.
-
- -- The effect is to atomically unlock T's lock and wait, so that another
- -- task that is able to lock T's lock can be assured that the wait has
- -- actually commenced, and that a Wakeup operation will cause the waiting
- -- task to become ready for execution once again. When Sleep returns, the
- -- waiting task will again hold its own ATCB lock. The waiting task may
- -- become ready for execution at any time (that is, spurious wakeups are
- -- permitted), but it will definitely become ready for execution when a
- -- Wakeup operation is performed for the same task.
-
- procedure Timed_Sleep
- (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id;
- Time : Duration;
- Mode : ST.Delay_Modes;
- Reason : System.Tasking.Task_States;
- Timedout : out Boolean;
- Yielded : out Boolean);
- -- Combination of Sleep (above) and Timed_Delay
-
- procedure Timed_Delay
- (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id;
- Time : Duration;
- Mode : ST.Delay_Modes);
- -- Implement the semantics of the delay statement.
- -- The caller should be abort-deferred and should not hold any locks.
-
- procedure Wakeup
- (T : ST.Task_Id;
- Reason : System.Tasking.Task_States);
- pragma Inline (Wakeup);
- -- Wake up task T if it is waiting on a Sleep call (of ordinary
- -- or timed variety), making it ready for execution once again.
- -- If the task T is not waiting on a Sleep, the operation has no effect.
-
- function Environment_Task return ST.Task_Id;
- pragma Inline (Environment_Task);
- -- Return the task ID of the environment task
- -- Consider putting this into a variable visible directly
- -- by the rest of the runtime system. ???
-
- function Get_Thread_Id (T : ST.Task_Id) return OSI.Thread_Id;
- -- Return the thread id of the specified task
-
- function Is_Valid_Task return Boolean;
- pragma Inline (Is_Valid_Task);
- -- Does the calling thread have an ATCB?
-
- function Register_Foreign_Thread return ST.Task_Id;
- -- Allocate and initialize a new ATCB for the current thread
-
- -----------------------
- -- RTS Entrance/Exit --
- -----------------------
-
- -- Following two routines are used for possible operations needed to be
- -- setup/cleared upon entrance/exit of RTS while maintaining a single
- -- thread of control in the RTS. Since we intend these routines to be used
- -- for implementing the Single_Lock RTS, Lock_RTS should follow the first
- -- Defer_Abort operation entering RTS. In the same fashion Unlock_RTS
- -- should precede the last Undefer_Abort exiting RTS.
- --
- -- These routines also replace the functions Lock/Unlock_All_Tasks_List
-
- procedure Lock_RTS;
- -- Take the global RTS lock
-
- procedure Unlock_RTS;
- -- Release the global RTS lock
-
- --------------------
- -- Stack Checking --
- --------------------
-
- -- Stack checking in GNAT is done using the concept of stack probes. A
- -- stack probe is an operation that will generate a storage error if
- -- an insufficient amount of stack space remains in the current task.
-
- -- The exact mechanism for a stack probe is target dependent. Typical
- -- possibilities are to use a load from a non-existent page, a store to a
- -- read-only page, or a comparison with some stack limit constant. Where
- -- possible we prefer to use a trap on a bad page access, since this has
- -- less overhead. The generation of stack probes is either automatic if
- -- the ABI requires it (as on for example DEC Unix), or is controlled by
- -- the gcc parameter -fstack-check.
-
- -- When we are using bad-page accesses, we need a bad page, called guard
- -- page, at the end of each task stack. On some systems, this is provided
- -- automatically, but on other systems, we need to create the guard page
- -- ourselves, and the procedure Stack_Guard is provided for this purpose.
-
- procedure Stack_Guard (T : ST.Task_Id; On : Boolean);
- -- Ensure guard page is set if one is needed and the underlying thread
- -- system does not provide it. The procedure is as follows:
- --
- -- 1. When we create a task adjust its size so a guard page can
- -- safely be set at the bottom of the stack.
- --
- -- 2. When the thread is created (and its stack allocated by the
- -- underlying thread system), get the stack base (and size, depending
- -- how the stack is growing), and create the guard page taking care
- -- of page boundaries issues.
- --
- -- 3. When the task is destroyed, remove the guard page.
- --
- -- If On is true then protect the stack bottom (i.e make it read only)
- -- else unprotect it (i.e. On is True for the call when creating a task,
- -- and False when a task is destroyed).
- --
- -- The call to Stack_Guard has no effect if guard pages are not used on
- -- the target, or if guard pages are automatically provided by the system.
-
- ------------------------
- -- Suspension objects --
- ------------------------
-
- -- These subprograms provide the functionality required for synchronizing
- -- on a suspension object. Tasks can suspend execution and relinquish the
- -- processors until the condition is signaled.
-
- function Current_State (S : Suspension_Object) return Boolean;
- -- Return the state of the suspension object
-
- procedure Set_False (S : in out Suspension_Object);
- -- Set the state of the suspension object to False
-
- procedure Set_True (S : in out Suspension_Object);
- -- Set the state of the suspension object to True. If a task were
- -- suspended on the protected object then this task is released (and
- -- the state of the suspension object remains set to False).
-
- procedure Suspend_Until_True (S : in out Suspension_Object);
- -- If the state of the suspension object is True then the calling task
- -- continues its execution, and the state is set to False. If the state
- -- of the object is False then the task is suspended on the suspension
- -- object until a Set_True operation is executed. Program_Error is raised
- -- if another task is already waiting on that suspension object.
-
- procedure Initialize (S : in out Suspension_Object);
- -- Initialize the suspension object
-
- procedure Finalize (S : in out Suspension_Object);
- -- Finalize the suspension object
-
- -----------------------------------------
- -- Runtime System Debugging Interfaces --
- -----------------------------------------
-
- -- These interfaces have been added to assist in debugging the
- -- tasking runtime system.
-
- function Check_Exit (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id) return Boolean;
- pragma Inline (Check_Exit);
- -- Check that the current task is holding only Global_Task_Lock
-
- function Check_No_Locks (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id) return Boolean;
- pragma Inline (Check_No_Locks);
- -- Check that current task is holding no locks
-
- function Suspend_Task
- (T : ST.Task_Id;
- Thread_Self : OSI.Thread_Id) return Boolean;
- -- Suspend a specific task when the underlying thread library provides this
- -- functionality, unless the thread associated with T is Thread_Self. Such
- -- functionality is needed by gdb on some targets (e.g VxWorks) Return True
- -- is the operation is successful. On targets where this operation is not
- -- available, a dummy body is present which always returns False.
-
- function Resume_Task
- (T : ST.Task_Id;
- Thread_Self : OSI.Thread_Id) return Boolean;
- -- Resume a specific task when the underlying thread library provides
- -- such functionality, unless the thread associated with T is Thread_Self.
- -- Such functionality is needed by gdb on some targets (e.g VxWorks)
- -- Return True is the operation is successful
-
- procedure Stop_All_Tasks;
- -- Stop all tasks when the underlying thread library provides such
- -- functionality. Such functionality is needed by gdb on some targets (e.g
- -- VxWorks) This function can be run from an interrupt handler. Return True
- -- is the operation is successful
-
- function Stop_Task (T : ST.Task_Id) return Boolean;
- -- Stop a specific task when the underlying thread library provides
- -- such functionality. Such functionality is needed by gdb on some targets
- -- (e.g VxWorks). Return True is the operation is successful.
-
- function Continue_Task (T : ST.Task_Id) return Boolean;
- -- Continue a specific task when the underlying thread library provides
- -- such functionality. Such functionality is needed by gdb on some targets
- -- (e.g VxWorks) Return True is the operation is successful
-
-end System.Task_Primitives.Operations;