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+;; ARM 1026EJ-S Pipeline Description
+;; Copyright (C) 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+;; Written by CodeSourcery, LLC.
+;;
+;; This file is part of GCC.
+;;
+;; GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+;; any later version.
+;;
+;; GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+;; General Public License for more details.
+;;
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
+;; Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+;; 02110-1301, USA.  */
+
+;; These descriptions are based on the information contained in the
+;; ARM1026EJ-S Technical Reference Manual, Copyright (c) 2003 ARM
+;; Limited.
+;;
+
+;; This automaton provides a pipeline description for the ARM
+;; 1026EJ-S core.
+;;
+;; The model given here assumes that the condition for all conditional
+;; instructions is "true", i.e., that all of the instructions are
+;; actually executed.
+
+(define_automaton "arm1026ejs")
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Pipelines
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
+;; There are two pipelines:
+;; 
+;; - An Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) pipeline.
+;;
+;;   The ALU pipeline has fetch, issue, decode, execute, memory, and
+;;   write stages. We only need to model the execute, memory and write
+;;   stages.
+;;
+;; - A Load-Store Unit (LSU) pipeline.
+;;
+;;   The LSU pipeline has decode, execute, memory, and write stages.
+;;   We only model the execute, memory and write stages.
+
+(define_cpu_unit "a_e,a_m,a_w" "arm1026ejs")
+(define_cpu_unit "l_e,l_m,l_w" "arm1026ejs")
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; ALU Instructions
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
+;; ALU instructions require three cycles to execute, and use the ALU
+;; pipeline in each of the three stages.  The results are available
+;; after the execute stage stage has finished.
+;;
+;; If the destination register is the PC, the pipelines are stalled
+;; for several cycles.  That case is not modeled here.
+
+;; ALU operations with no shifted operand
+(define_insn_reservation "alu_op" 1 
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "type" "alu"))
+ "a_e,a_m,a_w")
+
+;; ALU operations with a shift-by-constant operand
+(define_insn_reservation "alu_shift_op" 1 
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "type" "alu_shift"))
+ "a_e,a_m,a_w")
+
+;; ALU operations with a shift-by-register operand
+;; These really stall in the decoder, in order to read
+;; the shift value in a second cycle. Pretend we take two cycles in
+;; the execute stage.
+(define_insn_reservation "alu_shift_reg_op" 2 
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "type" "alu_shift_reg"))
+ "a_e*2,a_m,a_w")
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Multiplication Instructions
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
+;; Multiplication instructions loop in the execute stage until the
+;; instruction has been passed through the multiplier array enough
+;; times.
+
+;; The result of the "smul" and "smulw" instructions is not available
+;; until after the memory stage.
+(define_insn_reservation "mult1" 2
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "insn" "smulxy,smulwy"))
+ "a_e,a_m,a_w")
+
+;; The "smlaxy" and "smlawx" instructions require two iterations through
+;; the execute stage; the result is available immediately following
+;; the execute stage.
+(define_insn_reservation "mult2" 2
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "insn" "smlaxy,smlalxy,smlawx"))
+ "a_e*2,a_m,a_w")
+
+;; The "smlalxy", "mul", and "mla" instructions require two iterations
+;; through the execute stage; the result is not available until after
+;; the memory stage.
+(define_insn_reservation "mult3" 3
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "insn" "smlalxy,mul,mla"))
+ "a_e*2,a_m,a_w")
+
+;; The "muls" and "mlas" instructions loop in the execute stage for
+;; four iterations in order to set the flags.  The value result is
+;; available after three iterations.
+(define_insn_reservation "mult4" 3
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "insn" "muls,mlas"))
+ "a_e*4,a_m,a_w")
+
+;; Long multiply instructions that produce two registers of
+;; output (such as umull) make their results available in two cycles;
+;; the least significant word is available before the most significant
+;; word.  That fact is not modeled; instead, the instructions are
+;; described.as if the entire result was available at the end of the
+;; cycle in which both words are available.
+
+;; The "umull", "umlal", "smull", and "smlal" instructions all take
+;; three iterations through the execute cycle, and make their results
+;; available after the memory cycle.
+(define_insn_reservation "mult5" 4
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "insn" "umull,umlal,smull,smlal"))
+ "a_e*3,a_m,a_w")
+
+;; The "umulls", "umlals", "smulls", and "smlals" instructions loop in
+;; the execute stage for five iterations in order to set the flags.
+;; The value result is available after four iterations.
+(define_insn_reservation "mult6" 4
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "insn" "umulls,umlals,smulls,smlals"))
+ "a_e*5,a_m,a_w")
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Load/Store Instructions
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
+;; The models for load/store instructions do not accurately describe
+;; the difference between operations with a base register writeback
+;; (such as "ldm!").  These models assume that all memory references
+;; hit in dcache.
+
+;; LSU instructions require six cycles to execute.  They use the ALU
+;; pipeline in all but the 5th cycle, and the LSU pipeline in cycles
+;; three through six.
+;; Loads and stores which use a scaled register offset or scaled
+;; register pre-indexed addressing mode take three cycles EXCEPT for
+;; those that are base + offset with LSL of 0 or 2, or base - offset
+;; with LSL of zero.  The remainder take 1 cycle to execute.
+;; For 4byte loads there is a bypass from the load stage
+
+(define_insn_reservation "load1_op" 2
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "type" "load_byte,load1"))
+ "a_e+l_e,l_m,a_w+l_w")
+
+(define_insn_reservation "store1_op" 0
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "type" "store1"))
+ "a_e+l_e,l_m,a_w+l_w")
+
+;; A load's result can be stored by an immediately following store
+(define_bypass 1 "load1_op" "store1_op" "arm_no_early_store_addr_dep")
+
+;; On a LDM/STM operation, the LSU pipeline iterates until all of the
+;; registers have been processed.
+;;
+;; The time it takes to load the data depends on whether or not the
+;; base address is 64-bit aligned; if it is not, an additional cycle
+;; is required.  This model assumes that the address is always 64-bit
+;; aligned.  Because the processor can load two registers per cycle,
+;; that assumption means that we use the same instruction reservations
+;; for loading 2k and 2k - 1 registers.
+;;
+;; The ALU pipeline is stalled until the completion of the last memory
+;; stage in the LSU pipeline.  That is modeled by keeping the ALU
+;; execute stage busy until that point.
+;;
+;; As with ALU operations, if one of the destination registers is the
+;; PC, there are additional stalls; that is not modeled.
+
+(define_insn_reservation "load2_op" 2
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "type" "load2"))
+ "a_e+l_e,l_m,a_w+l_w")
+
+(define_insn_reservation "store2_op" 0
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "type" "store2"))
+ "a_e+l_e,l_m,a_w+l_w")
+
+(define_insn_reservation "load34_op" 3
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "type" "load3,load4"))
+ "a_e+l_e,a_e+l_e+l_m,a_e+l_m,a_w+l_w")
+
+(define_insn_reservation "store34_op" 0
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "type" "store3,store4"))
+ "a_e+l_e,a_e+l_e+l_m,a_e+l_m,a_w+l_w")
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Branch and Call Instructions
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
+;; Branch instructions are difficult to model accurately.  The ARM
+;; core can predict most branches.  If the branch is predicted
+;; correctly, and predicted early enough, the branch can be completely
+;; eliminated from the instruction stream.  Some branches can
+;; therefore appear to require zero cycles to execute.  We assume that
+;; all branches are predicted correctly, and that the latency is
+;; therefore the minimum value.
+
+(define_insn_reservation "branch_op" 0
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "type" "branch"))
+ "nothing")
+
+;; The latency for a call is not predictable.  Therefore, we use 32 as
+;; roughly equivalent to positive infinity.
+
+(define_insn_reservation "call_op" 32
+ (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1026ejs")
+      (eq_attr "type" "call"))
+ "nothing")