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diff --git a/binutils-2.24/gas/doc/c-m68k.texi b/binutils-2.24/gas/doc/c-m68k.texi deleted file mode 100644 index 7beca110..00000000 --- a/binutils-2.24/gas/doc/c-m68k.texi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,637 +0,0 @@ -@c Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, -@c 2004, 2006, 2007, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -@c This is part of the GAS manual. -@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. -@ifset GENERIC -@page -@node M68K-Dependent -@chapter M680x0 Dependent Features -@end ifset -@ifclear GENERIC -@node Machine Dependencies -@chapter M680x0 Dependent Features -@end ifclear - -@cindex M680x0 support -@menu -* M68K-Opts:: M680x0 Options -* M68K-Syntax:: Syntax -* M68K-Moto-Syntax:: Motorola Syntax -* M68K-Float:: Floating Point -* M68K-Directives:: 680x0 Machine Directives -* M68K-opcodes:: Opcodes -@end menu - -@node M68K-Opts -@section M680x0 Options - -@cindex options, M680x0 -@cindex M680x0 options -The Motorola 680x0 version of @code{@value{AS}} has a few machine -dependent options: - -@table @samp - -@cindex @samp{-march=} command line option, M680x0 -@item -march=@var{architecture} -This option specifies a target architecture. The following -architectures are recognized: -@code{68000}, -@code{68010}, -@code{68020}, -@code{68030}, -@code{68040}, -@code{68060}, -@code{cpu32}, -@code{isaa}, -@code{isaaplus}, -@code{isab}, -@code{isac} and -@code{cfv4e}. - - -@cindex @samp{-mcpu=} command line option, M680x0 -@item -mcpu=@var{cpu} -This option specifies a target cpu. When used in conjunction with the -@option{-march} option, the cpu must be within the specified -architecture. Also, the generic features of the architecture are used -for instruction generation, rather than those of the specific chip. - -@cindex @samp{-m[no-]68851} command line option, M680x0 -@cindex @samp{-m[no-]68881} command line option, M680x0 -@cindex @samp{-m[no-]div} command line option, M680x0 -@cindex @samp{-m[no-]usp} command line option, M680x0 -@cindex @samp{-m[no-]float} command line option, M680x0 -@cindex @samp{-m[no-]mac} command line option, M680x0 -@cindex @samp{-m[no-]emac} command line option, M680x0 -@item -m[no-]68851 -@itemx -m[no-]68881 -@itemx -m[no-]div -@itemx -m[no-]usp -@itemx -m[no-]float -@itemx -m[no-]mac -@itemx -m[no-]emac - -Enable or disable various architecture specific features. If a chip -or architecture by default supports an option (for instance -@option{-march=isaaplus} includes the @option{-mdiv} option), -explicitly disabling the option will override the default. - -@cindex @samp{-l} option, M680x0 -@item -l -You can use the @samp{-l} option to shorten the size of references to undefined -symbols. If you do not use the @samp{-l} option, references to undefined -symbols are wide enough for a full @code{long} (32 bits). (Since -@code{@value{AS}} cannot know where these symbols end up, @code{@value{AS}} can -only allocate space for the linker to fill in later. Since @code{@value{AS}} -does not know how far away these symbols are, it allocates as much space as it -can.) If you use this option, the references are only one word wide (16 bits). -This may be useful if you want the object file to be as small as possible, and -you know that the relevant symbols are always less than 17 bits away. - -@cindex @samp{--register-prefix-optional} option, M680x0 -@item --register-prefix-optional -For some configurations, especially those where the compiler normally -does not prepend an underscore to the names of user variables, the -assembler requires a @samp{%} before any use of a register name. This -is intended to let the assembler distinguish between C variables and -functions named @samp{a0} through @samp{a7}, and so on. The @samp{%} is -always accepted, but is not required for certain configurations, notably -@samp{sun3}. The @samp{--register-prefix-optional} option may be used -to permit omitting the @samp{%} even for configurations for which it is -normally required. If this is done, it will generally be impossible to -refer to C variables and functions with the same names as register -names. - -@cindex @samp{--bitwise-or} option, M680x0 -@item --bitwise-or -Normally the character @samp{|} is treated as a comment character, which -means that it can not be used in expressions. The @samp{--bitwise-or} -option turns @samp{|} into a normal character. In this mode, you must -either use C style comments, or start comments with a @samp{#} character -at the beginning of a line. - -@cindex @samp{--base-size-default-16} -@cindex @samp{--base-size-default-32} -@item --base-size-default-16 --base-size-default-32 -If you use an addressing mode with a base register without specifying -the size, @code{@value{AS}} will normally use the full 32 bit value. -For example, the addressing mode @samp{%a0@@(%d0)} is equivalent to -@samp{%a0@@(%d0:l)}. You may use the @samp{--base-size-default-16} -option to tell @code{@value{AS}} to default to using the 16 bit value. -In this case, @samp{%a0@@(%d0)} is equivalent to @samp{%a0@@(%d0:w)}. -You may use the @samp{--base-size-default-32} option to restore the -default behaviour. - -@cindex @samp{--disp-size-default-16} -@cindex @samp{--disp-size-default-32} -@item --disp-size-default-16 --disp-size-default-32 -If you use an addressing mode with a displacement, and the value of the -displacement is not known, @code{@value{AS}} will normally assume that -the value is 32 bits. For example, if the symbol @samp{disp} has not -been defined, @code{@value{AS}} will assemble the addressing mode -@samp{%a0@@(disp,%d0)} as though @samp{disp} is a 32 bit value. You may -use the @samp{--disp-size-default-16} option to tell @code{@value{AS}} -to instead assume that the displacement is 16 bits. In this case, -@code{@value{AS}} will assemble @samp{%a0@@(disp,%d0)} as though -@samp{disp} is a 16 bit value. You may use the -@samp{--disp-size-default-32} option to restore the default behaviour. - -@cindex @samp{--pcrel} -@item --pcrel -Always keep branches PC-relative. In the M680x0 architecture all branches -are defined as PC-relative. However, on some processors they are limited -to word displacements maximum. When @code{@value{AS}} needs a long branch -that is not available, it normally emits an absolute jump instead. This -option disables this substitution. When this option is given and no long -branches are available, only word branches will be emitted. An error -message will be generated if a word branch cannot reach its target. This -option has no effect on 68020 and other processors that have long branches. -@pxref{M68K-Branch,,Branch Improvement}. - -@cindex @samp{-m68000} and related options -@cindex architecture options, M680x0 -@cindex M680x0 architecture options -@item -m68000 -@code{@value{AS}} can assemble code for several different members of the -Motorola 680x0 family. The default depends upon how @code{@value{AS}} -was configured when it was built; normally, the default is to assemble -code for the 68020 microprocessor. The following options may be used to -change the default. These options control which instructions and -addressing modes are permitted. The members of the 680x0 family are -very similar. For detailed information about the differences, see the -Motorola manuals. - -@table @samp -@item -m68000 -@itemx -m68ec000 -@itemx -m68hc000 -@itemx -m68hc001 -@itemx -m68008 -@itemx -m68302 -@itemx -m68306 -@itemx -m68307 -@itemx -m68322 -@itemx -m68356 -Assemble for the 68000. @samp{-m68008}, @samp{-m68302}, and so on are synonyms -for @samp{-m68000}, since the chips are the same from the point of view -of the assembler. - -@item -m68010 -Assemble for the 68010. - -@item -m68020 -@itemx -m68ec020 -Assemble for the 68020. This is normally the default. - -@item -m68030 -@itemx -m68ec030 -Assemble for the 68030. - -@item -m68040 -@itemx -m68ec040 -Assemble for the 68040. - -@item -m68060 -@itemx -m68ec060 -Assemble for the 68060. - -@item -mcpu32 -@itemx -m68330 -@itemx -m68331 -@itemx -m68332 -@itemx -m68333 -@itemx -m68334 -@itemx -m68336 -@itemx -m68340 -@itemx -m68341 -@itemx -m68349 -@itemx -m68360 -Assemble for the CPU32 family of chips. - -@item -m5200 -@itemx -m5202 -@itemx -m5204 -@itemx -m5206 -@itemx -m5206e -@itemx -m521x -@itemx -m5249 -@itemx -m528x -@itemx -m5307 -@itemx -m5407 -@itemx -m547x -@itemx -m548x -@itemx -mcfv4 -@itemx -mcfv4e -Assemble for the ColdFire family of chips. - -@item -m68881 -@itemx -m68882 -Assemble 68881 floating point instructions. This is the default for the -68020, 68030, and the CPU32. The 68040 and 68060 always support -floating point instructions. - -@item -mno-68881 -Do not assemble 68881 floating point instructions. This is the default -for 68000 and the 68010. The 68040 and 68060 always support floating -point instructions, even if this option is used. - -@item -m68851 -Assemble 68851 MMU instructions. This is the default for the 68020, -68030, and 68060. The 68040 accepts a somewhat different set of MMU -instructions; @samp{-m68851} and @samp{-m68040} should not be used -together. - -@item -mno-68851 -Do not assemble 68851 MMU instructions. This is the default for the -68000, 68010, and the CPU32. The 68040 accepts a somewhat different set -of MMU instructions. -@end table -@end table - -@node M68K-Syntax -@section Syntax - -@cindex @sc{mit} -This syntax for the Motorola 680x0 was developed at @sc{mit}. - -@cindex M680x0 syntax -@cindex syntax, M680x0 -@cindex M680x0 size modifiers -@cindex size modifiers, M680x0 -The 680x0 version of @code{@value{AS}} uses instructions names and -syntax compatible with the Sun assembler. Intervening periods are -ignored; for example, @samp{movl} is equivalent to @samp{mov.l}. - -In the following table @var{apc} stands for any of the address registers -(@samp{%a0} through @samp{%a7}), the program counter (@samp{%pc}), the -zero-address relative to the program counter (@samp{%zpc}), a suppressed -address register (@samp{%za0} through @samp{%za7}), or it may be omitted -entirely. The use of @var{size} means one of @samp{w} or @samp{l}, and -it may be omitted, along with the leading colon, unless a scale is also -specified. The use of @var{scale} means one of @samp{1}, @samp{2}, -@samp{4}, or @samp{8}, and it may always be omitted along with the -leading colon. - -@cindex M680x0 addressing modes -@cindex addressing modes, M680x0 -The following addressing modes are understood: -@table @dfn -@item Immediate -@samp{#@var{number}} - -@item Data Register -@samp{%d0} through @samp{%d7} - -@item Address Register -@samp{%a0} through @samp{%a7}@* -@samp{%a7} is also known as @samp{%sp}, i.e., the Stack Pointer. @code{%a6} -is also known as @samp{%fp}, the Frame Pointer. - -@item Address Register Indirect -@samp{%a0@@} through @samp{%a7@@} - -@item Address Register Postincrement -@samp{%a0@@+} through @samp{%a7@@+} - -@item Address Register Predecrement -@samp{%a0@@-} through @samp{%a7@@-} - -@item Indirect Plus Offset -@samp{@var{apc}@@(@var{number})} - -@item Index -@samp{@var{apc}@@(@var{number},@var{register}:@var{size}:@var{scale})} - -The @var{number} may be omitted. - -@item Postindex -@samp{@var{apc}@@(@var{number})@@(@var{onumber},@var{register}:@var{size}:@var{scale})} - -The @var{onumber} or the @var{register}, but not both, may be omitted. - -@item Preindex -@samp{@var{apc}@@(@var{number},@var{register}:@var{size}:@var{scale})@@(@var{onumber})} - -The @var{number} may be omitted. Omitting the @var{register} produces -the Postindex addressing mode. - -@item Absolute -@samp{@var{symbol}}, or @samp{@var{digits}}, optionally followed by -@samp{:b}, @samp{:w}, or @samp{:l}. -@end table - -@node M68K-Moto-Syntax -@section Motorola Syntax - -@cindex Motorola syntax for the 680x0 -@cindex alternate syntax for the 680x0 - -The standard Motorola syntax for this chip differs from the syntax -already discussed (@pxref{M68K-Syntax,,Syntax}). @code{@value{AS}} can -accept Motorola syntax for operands, even if @sc{mit} syntax is used for -other operands in the same instruction. The two kinds of syntax are -fully compatible. - -In the following table @var{apc} stands for any of the address registers -(@samp{%a0} through @samp{%a7}), the program counter (@samp{%pc}), the -zero-address relative to the program counter (@samp{%zpc}), or a -suppressed address register (@samp{%za0} through @samp{%za7}). The use -of @var{size} means one of @samp{w} or @samp{l}, and it may always be -omitted along with the leading dot. The use of @var{scale} means one of -@samp{1}, @samp{2}, @samp{4}, or @samp{8}, and it may always be omitted -along with the leading asterisk. - -The following additional addressing modes are understood: - -@table @dfn -@item Address Register Indirect -@samp{(%a0)} through @samp{(%a7)}@* -@samp{%a7} is also known as @samp{%sp}, i.e., the Stack Pointer. @code{%a6} -is also known as @samp{%fp}, the Frame Pointer. - -@item Address Register Postincrement -@samp{(%a0)+} through @samp{(%a7)+} - -@item Address Register Predecrement -@samp{-(%a0)} through @samp{-(%a7)} - -@item Indirect Plus Offset -@samp{@var{number}(@var{%a0})} through @samp{@var{number}(@var{%a7})}, -or @samp{@var{number}(@var{%pc})}. - -The @var{number} may also appear within the parentheses, as in -@samp{(@var{number},@var{%a0})}. When used with the @var{pc}, the -@var{number} may be omitted (with an address register, omitting the -@var{number} produces Address Register Indirect mode). - -@item Index -@samp{@var{number}(@var{apc},@var{register}.@var{size}*@var{scale})} - -The @var{number} may be omitted, or it may appear within the -parentheses. The @var{apc} may be omitted. The @var{register} and the -@var{apc} may appear in either order. If both @var{apc} and -@var{register} are address registers, and the @var{size} and @var{scale} -are omitted, then the first register is taken as the base register, and -the second as the index register. - -@item Postindex -@samp{([@var{number},@var{apc}],@var{register}.@var{size}*@var{scale},@var{onumber})} - -The @var{onumber}, or the @var{register}, or both, may be omitted. -Either the @var{number} or the @var{apc} may be omitted, but not both. - -@item Preindex -@samp{([@var{number},@var{apc},@var{register}.@var{size}*@var{scale}],@var{onumber})} - -The @var{number}, or the @var{apc}, or the @var{register}, or any two of -them, may be omitted. The @var{onumber} may be omitted. The -@var{register} and the @var{apc} may appear in either order. If both -@var{apc} and @var{register} are address registers, and the @var{size} -and @var{scale} are omitted, then the first register is taken as the -base register, and the second as the index register. -@end table - -@node M68K-Float -@section Floating Point - -@cindex floating point, M680x0 -@cindex M680x0 floating point -Packed decimal (P) format floating literals are not supported. -Feel free to add the code! - -The floating point formats generated by directives are these. - -@table @code -@cindex @code{float} directive, M680x0 -@item .float -@code{Single} precision floating point constants. - -@cindex @code{double} directive, M680x0 -@item .double -@code{Double} precision floating point constants. - -@cindex @code{extend} directive M680x0 -@cindex @code{ldouble} directive M680x0 -@item .extend -@itemx .ldouble -@code{Extended} precision (@code{long double}) floating point constants. -@end table - -@node M68K-Directives -@section 680x0 Machine Directives - -@cindex M680x0 directives -@cindex directives, M680x0 -In order to be compatible with the Sun assembler the 680x0 assembler -understands the following directives. - -@table @code -@cindex @code{data1} directive, M680x0 -@item .data1 -This directive is identical to a @code{.data 1} directive. - -@cindex @code{data2} directive, M680x0 -@item .data2 -This directive is identical to a @code{.data 2} directive. - -@cindex @code{even} directive, M680x0 -@item .even -This directive is a special case of the @code{.align} directive; it -aligns the output to an even byte boundary. - -@cindex @code{skip} directive, M680x0 -@item .skip -This directive is identical to a @code{.space} directive. - -@cindex @code{arch} directive, M680x0 -@item .arch @var{name} -Select the target architecture and extension features. Valid values -for @var{name} are the same as for the @option{-march} command line -option. This directive cannot be specified after -any instructions have been assembled. If it is given multiple times, -or in conjunction with the @option{-march} option, all uses must be for -the same architecture and extension set. - -@cindex @code{cpu} directive, M680x0 -@item .cpu @var{name} -Select the target cpu. Valid valuse -for @var{name} are the same as for the @option{-mcpu} command line -option. This directive cannot be specified after -any instructions have been assembled. If it is given multiple times, -or in conjunction with the @option{-mopt} option, all uses must be for -the same cpu. - -@end table - -@need 2000 -@node M68K-opcodes -@section Opcodes - -@cindex M680x0 opcodes -@cindex opcodes, M680x0 -@cindex instruction set, M680x0 -@c doc@cygnus.com: I don't see any point in the following -@c paragraph. Bugs are bugs; how does saying this -@c help anyone? -@ignore -Danger: Several bugs have been found in the opcode table (and -fixed). More bugs may exist. Be careful when using obscure -instructions. -@end ignore - -@menu -* M68K-Branch:: Branch Improvement -* M68K-Chars:: Special Characters -@end menu - -@node M68K-Branch -@subsection Branch Improvement - -@cindex pseudo-opcodes, M680x0 -@cindex M680x0 pseudo-opcodes -@cindex branch improvement, M680x0 -@cindex M680x0 branch improvement -Certain pseudo opcodes are permitted for branch instructions. -They expand to the shortest branch instruction that reach the -target. Generally these mnemonics are made by substituting @samp{j} for -@samp{b} at the start of a Motorola mnemonic. - -The following table summarizes the pseudo-operations. A @code{*} flags -cases that are more fully described after the table: - -@smallexample - Displacement - +------------------------------------------------------------ - | 68020 68000/10, not PC-relative OK -Pseudo-Op |BYTE WORD LONG ABSOLUTE LONG JUMP ** - +------------------------------------------------------------ - jbsr |bsrs bsrw bsrl jsr - jra |bras braw bral jmp -* jXX |bXXs bXXw bXXl bNXs;jmp -* dbXX | N/A dbXXw dbXX;bras;bral dbXX;bras;jmp - fjXX | N/A fbXXw fbXXl N/A - -XX: condition -NX: negative of condition XX - -@end smallexample -@center @code{*}---see full description below -@center @code{**}---this expansion mode is disallowed by @samp{--pcrel} - -@table @code -@item jbsr -@itemx jra -These are the simplest jump pseudo-operations; they always map to one -particular machine instruction, depending on the displacement to the -branch target. This instruction will be a byte or word branch is that -is sufficient. Otherwise, a long branch will be emitted if available. -If no long branches are available and the @samp{--pcrel} option is not -given, an absolute long jump will be emitted instead. If no long -branches are available, the @samp{--pcrel} option is given, and a word -branch cannot reach the target, an error message is generated. - -In addition to standard branch operands, @code{@value{AS}} allows these -pseudo-operations to have all operands that are allowed for jsr and jmp, -substituting these instructions if the operand given is not valid for a -branch instruction. - -@item j@var{XX} -Here, @samp{j@var{XX}} stands for an entire family of pseudo-operations, -where @var{XX} is a conditional branch or condition-code test. The full -list of pseudo-ops in this family is: -@smallexample - jhi jls jcc jcs jne jeq jvc - jvs jpl jmi jge jlt jgt jle -@end smallexample - -Usually, each of these pseudo-operations expands to a single branch -instruction. However, if a word branch is not sufficient, no long branches -are available, and the @samp{--pcrel} option is not given, @code{@value{AS}} -issues a longer code fragment in terms of @var{NX}, the opposite condition -to @var{XX}. For example, under these conditions: -@smallexample - j@var{XX} foo -@end smallexample -gives -@smallexample - b@var{NX}s oof - jmp foo - oof: -@end smallexample - -@item db@var{XX} -The full family of pseudo-operations covered here is -@smallexample - dbhi dbls dbcc dbcs dbne dbeq dbvc - dbvs dbpl dbmi dbge dblt dbgt dble - dbf dbra dbt -@end smallexample - -Motorola @samp{db@var{XX}} instructions allow word displacements only. When -a word displacement is sufficient, each of these pseudo-operations expands -to the corresponding Motorola instruction. When a word displacement is not -sufficient and long branches are available, when the source reads -@samp{db@var{XX} foo}, @code{@value{AS}} emits -@smallexample - db@var{XX} oo1 - bras oo2 - oo1:bral foo - oo2: -@end smallexample - -If, however, long branches are not available and the @samp{--pcrel} option is -not given, @code{@value{AS}} emits -@smallexample - db@var{XX} oo1 - bras oo2 - oo1:jmp foo - oo2: -@end smallexample - -@item fj@var{XX} -This family includes -@smallexample - fjne fjeq fjge fjlt fjgt fjle fjf - fjt fjgl fjgle fjnge fjngl fjngle fjngt - fjnle fjnlt fjoge fjogl fjogt fjole fjolt - fjor fjseq fjsf fjsne fjst fjueq fjuge - fjugt fjule fjult fjun -@end smallexample - -Each of these pseudo-operations always expands to a single Motorola -coprocessor branch instruction, word or long. All Motorola coprocessor -branch instructions allow both word and long displacements. - -@end table - -@node M68K-Chars -@subsection Special Characters - -@cindex special characters, M680x0 - -@cindex M680x0 line comment character -@cindex line comment character, M680x0 -@cindex comments, M680x0 -Line comments are introduced by the @samp{|} character appearing -anywhere on a line, unless the @option{--bitwise-or} command line option -has been specified. - -An asterisk (@samp{*}) as the first character on a line marks the -start of a line comment as well. - -@cindex M680x0 immediate character -@cindex immediate character, M680x0 - -A hash character (@samp{#}) as the first character on a line also -marks the start of a line comment, but in this case it could also be a -logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor -control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}). If the hash character -appears elsewhere on a line it is used to introduce an immediate -value. (This is for compatibility with Sun's assembler). - -@cindex M680x0 line separator -@cindex line separator, M680x0 - -Multiple statements on the same line can appear if they are separated -by the @samp{;} character. |