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-@c Copyright 2000, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c This is part of the GAS manual.
-@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
-@ifset GENERIC
-@page
-@node ESA/390-Dependent
-@chapter ESA/390 Dependent Features
-@end ifset
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@node Machine Dependencies
-@chapter ESA/390 Dependent Features
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex i370 support
-@cindex ESA/390 support
-
-@menu
-* ESA/390 Notes:: Notes
-* ESA/390 Options:: Options
-* ESA/390 Syntax:: Syntax
-* ESA/390 Floating Point:: Floating Point
-* ESA/390 Directives:: ESA/390 Machine Directives
-* ESA/390 Opcodes:: Opcodes
-@end menu
-
-@node ESA/390 Notes
-@section Notes
-The ESA/390 @code{@value{AS}} port is currently intended to be a back-end
-for the @sc{gnu} @sc{cc} compiler. It is not HLASM compatible, although
-it does support a subset of some of the HLASM directives. The only
-supported binary file format is ELF; none of the usual MVS/VM/OE/USS
-object file formats, such as ESD or XSD, are supported.
-
-When used with the @sc{gnu} @sc{cc} compiler, the ESA/390 @code{@value{AS}}
-will produce correct, fully relocated, functional binaries, and has been
-used to compile and execute large projects. However, many aspects should
-still be considered experimental; these include shared library support,
-dynamically loadable objects, and any relocation other than the 31-bit
-relocation.
-
-@node ESA/390 Options
-@section Options
-@code{@value{AS}} has no machine-dependent command-line options for the ESA/390.
-
-@cindex ESA/390 Syntax
-@node ESA/390 Syntax
-@section Syntax
-The opcode/operand syntax follows the ESA/390 Principles of Operation
-manual; assembler directives and general syntax are loosely based on the
-prevailing AT&T/SVR4/ELF/Solaris style notation. HLASM-style directives
-are @emph{not} supported for the most part, with the exception of those
-described herein.
-
-A leading dot in front of directives is optional, and the case of
-directives is ignored; thus for example, .using and USING have the same
-effect.
-
-A colon may immediately follow a label definition. This is
-simply for compatibility with how most assembly language programmers
-write code.
-
-@samp{#} is the line comment character.
-
-@samp{;} can be used instead of a newline to separate statements.
-
-Since @samp{$} has no special meaning, you may use it in symbol names.
-
-Registers can be given the symbolic names r0..r15, fp0, fp2, fp4, fp6.
-By using thesse symbolic names, @code{@value{AS}} can detect simple
-syntax errors. The name rarg or r.arg is a synonym for r11, rtca or r.tca
-for r12, sp, r.sp, dsa r.dsa for r13, lr or r.lr for r14, rbase or r.base
-for r3 and rpgt or r.pgt for r4.
-
-@samp{*} is the current location counter. Unlike @samp{.} it is always
-relative to the last USING directive. Note that this means that
-expressions cannot use multiplication, as any occurrence of @samp{*}
-will be interpreted as a location counter.
-
-All labels are relative to the last USING. Thus, branches to a label
-always imply the use of base+displacement.
-
-Many of the usual forms of address constants / address literals
-are supported. Thus,
-@example
- .using *,r3
- L r15,=A(some_routine)
- LM r6,r7,=V(some_longlong_extern)
- A r1,=F'12'
- AH r0,=H'42'
- ME r6,=E'3.1416'
- MD r6,=D'3.14159265358979'
- O r6,=XL4'cacad0d0'
- .ltorg
-@end example
-should all behave as expected: that is, an entry in the literal
-pool will be created (or reused if it already exists), and the
-instruction operands will be the displacement into the literal pool
-using the current base register (as last declared with the @code{.using}
-directive).
-
-@node ESA/390 Floating Point
-@section Floating Point
-@cindex floating point, ESA/390 (@sc{ieee})
-@cindex ESA/390 floating point (@sc{ieee})
-The assembler generates only @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers. The older
-floating point formats are not supported.
-
-
-@node ESA/390 Directives
-@section ESA/390 Assembler Directives
-
-@code{@value{AS}} for the ESA/390 supports all of the standard ELF/SVR4
-assembler directives that are documented in the main part of this
-documentation. Several additional directives are supported in order
-to implement the ESA/390 addressing model. The most important of these
-are @code{.using} and @code{.ltorg}
-
-@cindex ESA/390-only directives
-These are the additional directives in @code{@value{AS}} for the ESA/390:
-
-@table @code
-@item .dc
-A small subset of the usual DC directive is supported.
-
-@item .drop @var{regno}
-Stop using @var{regno} as the base register. The @var{regno} must
-have been previously declared with a @code{.using} directive in the
-same section as the current section.
-
-@item .ebcdic @var{string}
-Emit the EBCDIC equivalent of the indicated string. The emitted string
-will be null terminated. Note that the directives @code{.string} etc. emit
-ascii strings by default.
-
-@item EQU
-The standard HLASM-style EQU directive is not supported; however, the
-standard @code{@value{AS}} directive .equ can be used to the same effect.
-
-@item .ltorg
-Dump the literal pool accumulated so far; begin a new literal pool.
-The literal pool will be written in the current section; in order to
-generate correct assembly, a @code{.using} must have been previously
-specified in the same section.
-
-@item .using @var{expr},@var{regno}
-Use @var{regno} as the base register for all subsequent RX, RS, and SS form
-instructions. The @var{expr} will be evaluated to obtain the base address;
-usually, @var{expr} will merely be @samp{*}.
-
-This assembler allows two @code{.using} directives to be simultaneously
-outstanding, one in the @code{.text} section, and one in another section
-(typically, the @code{.data} section). This feature allows
-dynamically loaded objects to be implemented in a relatively
-straightforward way. A @code{.using} directive must always be specified
-in the @code{.text} section; this will specify the base register that
-will be used for branches in the @code{.text} section. A second
-@code{.using} may be specified in another section; this will specify
-the base register that is used for non-label address literals.
-When a second @code{.using} is specified, then the subsequent
-@code{.ltorg} must be put in the same section; otherwise an error will
-result.
-
-Thus, for example, the following code uses @code{r3} to address branch
-targets and @code{r4} to address the literal pool, which has been written
-to the @code{.data} section. The is, the constants @code{=A(some_routine)},
-@code{=H'42'} and @code{=E'3.1416'} will all appear in the @code{.data}
-section.
-
-@example
-.data
- .using LITPOOL,r4
-.text
- BASR r3,0
- .using *,r3
- B START
- .long LITPOOL
-START:
- L r4,4(,r3)
- L r15,=A(some_routine)
- LTR r15,r15
- BNE LABEL
- AH r0,=H'42'
-LABEL:
- ME r6,=E'3.1416'
-.data
-LITPOOL:
- .ltorg
-@end example
-
-
-Note that this dual-@code{.using} directive semantics extends
-and is not compatible with HLASM semantics. Note that this assembler
-directive does not support the full range of HLASM semantics.
-
-@end table
-
-@node ESA/390 Opcodes
-@section Opcodes
-For detailed information on the ESA/390 machine instruction set, see
-@cite{ESA/390 Principles of Operation} (IBM Publication Number DZ9AR004).