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-\input texinfo.tex
-@setfilename bfd.info
-@c Copyright 1988-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c
-@synindex fn cp
-
-@ifnottex
-@dircategory Software development
-@direntry
-* Bfd: (bfd). The Binary File Descriptor library.
-@end direntry
-@end ifnottex
-
-@copying
-This file documents the BFD library.
-
-Copyright @copyright{} 1991 - 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
-Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License'' and ``Funding
-Free Software'', the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with
-the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is
-included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
-
-(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
-
- A GNU Manual
-
-(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
-
- You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
- software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
- funds for GNU development.
-@end copying
-@iftex
-@c@finalout
-@setchapternewpage on
-@c@setchapternewpage odd
-@settitle LIB BFD, the Binary File Descriptor Library
-@titlepage
-@title{libbfd}
-@subtitle{The Binary File Descriptor Library}
-@sp 1
-@subtitle First Edition---BFD version < 3.0 % Since no product is stable before version 3.0 :-)
-@subtitle Original Document Created: April 1991
-@author {Steve Chamberlain}
-@author {Cygnus Support}
-@page
-
-@tex
-\def\$#1${{#1}} % Kluge: collect RCS revision info without $...$
-\xdef\manvers{1.5} % For use in headers, footers too
-{\parskip=0pt
-\hfill Free Software Foundation\par
-\hfill sac\@www.gnu.org\par
-\hfill {\it BFD}, \manvers\par
-\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
-}
-\global\parindent=0pt % Steve likes it this way
-@end tex
-
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1991 - 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
- under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
- or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
- with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
- Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
- section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
-
-@end titlepage
-@end iftex
-@contents
-
-@node Top, Overview, (dir), (dir)
-@ifinfo
-This file documents the binary file descriptor library libbfd.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@menu
-* Overview:: Overview of BFD
-* BFD front end:: BFD front end
-* BFD back ends:: BFD back ends
-* GNU Free Documentation License:: GNU Free Documentation License
-* BFD Index:: BFD Index
-@end menu
-
-@node Overview, BFD front end, Top, Top
-@chapter Introduction
-@cindex BFD
-@cindex what is it?
-BFD is a package which allows applications to use the
-same routines to operate on object files whatever the object file
-format. A new object file format can be supported simply by
-creating a new BFD back end and adding it to the library.
-
-BFD is split into two parts: the front end, and the back ends (one for
-each object file format).
-@itemize @bullet
-@item The front end of BFD provides the interface to the user. It manages
-memory and various canonical data structures. The front end also
-decides which back end to use and when to call back end routines.
-@item The back ends provide BFD its view of the real world. Each back
-end provides a set of calls which the BFD front end can use to maintain
-its canonical form. The back ends also may keep around information for
-their own use, for greater efficiency.
-@end itemize
-@menu
-* History:: History
-* How It Works:: How It Works
-* What BFD Version 2 Can Do:: What BFD Version 2 Can Do
-@end menu
-
-@node History, How It Works, Overview, Overview
-@section History
-
-One spur behind BFD was the desire, on the part of the GNU 960 team at
-Intel Oregon, for interoperability of applications on their COFF and
-b.out file formats. Cygnus was providing GNU support for the team, and
-was contracted to provide the required functionality.
-
-The name came from a conversation David Wallace was having with Richard
-Stallman about the library: RMS said that it would be quite hard---David
-said ``BFD''. Stallman was right, but the name stuck.
-
-At the same time, Ready Systems wanted much the same thing, but for
-different object file formats: IEEE-695, Oasys, Srecords, a.out and 68k
-coff.
-
-BFD was first implemented by members of Cygnus Support; Steve
-Chamberlain (@code{sac@@cygnus.com}), John Gilmore
-(@code{gnu@@cygnus.com}), K. Richard Pixley (@code{rich@@cygnus.com})
-and David Henkel-Wallace (@code{gumby@@cygnus.com}).
-
-
-
-@node How It Works, What BFD Version 2 Can Do, History, Overview
-@section How To Use BFD
-
-To use the library, include @file{bfd.h} and link with @file{libbfd.a}.
-
-BFD provides a common interface to the parts of an object file
-for a calling application.
-
-When an application successfully opens a target file (object, archive, or
-whatever), a pointer to an internal structure is returned. This pointer
-points to a structure called @code{bfd}, described in
-@file{bfd.h}. Our convention is to call this pointer a BFD, and
-instances of it within code @code{abfd}. All operations on
-the target object file are applied as methods to the BFD. The mapping is
-defined within @code{bfd.h} in a set of macros, all beginning
-with @samp{bfd_} to reduce namespace pollution.
-
-For example, this sequence does what you would probably expect:
-return the number of sections in an object file attached to a BFD
-@code{abfd}.
-
-@example
-@c @cartouche
-#include "bfd.h"
-
-unsigned int number_of_sections (abfd)
-bfd *abfd;
-@{
- return bfd_count_sections (abfd);
-@}
-@c @end cartouche
-@end example
-
-The abstraction used within BFD is that an object file has:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-a header,
-@item
-a number of sections containing raw data (@pxref{Sections}),
-@item
-a set of relocations (@pxref{Relocations}), and
-@item
-some symbol information (@pxref{Symbols}).
-@end itemize
-@noindent
-Also, BFDs opened for archives have the additional attribute of an index
-and contain subordinate BFDs. This approach is fine for a.out and coff,
-but loses efficiency when applied to formats such as S-records and
-IEEE-695.
-
-@node What BFD Version 2 Can Do, , How It Works, Overview
-@section What BFD Version 2 Can Do
-@include bfdsumm.texi
-
-@node BFD front end, BFD back ends, Overview, Top
-@chapter BFD Front End
-
-@menu
-* typedef bfd::
-* Error reporting::
-* Miscellaneous::
-* Memory Usage::
-* Initialization::
-* Sections::
-* Symbols::
-* Archives::
-* Formats::
-* Relocations::
-* Core Files::
-* Targets::
-* Architectures::
-* Opening and Closing::
-* Internal::
-* File Caching::
-* Linker Functions::
-* Hash Tables::
-@end menu
-
-@include bfdt.texi
-@include bfdio.texi
-
-@node Memory Usage, Initialization, Miscellaneous, BFD front end
-@section Memory Usage
-BFD keeps all of its internal structures in obstacks. There is one obstack
-per open BFD file, into which the current state is stored. When a BFD is
-closed, the obstack is deleted, and so everything which has been
-allocated by BFD for the closing file is thrown away.
-
-BFD does not free anything created by an application, but pointers into
-@code{bfd} structures become invalid on a @code{bfd_close}; for example,
-after a @code{bfd_close} the vector passed to
-@code{bfd_canonicalize_symtab} is still around, since it has been
-allocated by the application, but the data that it pointed to are
-lost.
-
-The general rule is to not close a BFD until all operations dependent
-upon data from the BFD have been completed, or all the data from within
-the file has been copied. To help with the management of memory, there
-is a function (@code{bfd_alloc_size}) which returns the number of bytes
-in obstacks associated with the supplied BFD. This could be used to
-select the greediest open BFD, close it to reclaim the memory, perform
-some operation and reopen the BFD again, to get a fresh copy of the data
-structures.
-
-@node Initialization, Sections, Memory Usage, BFD front end
-@include init.texi
-
-@node Sections, Symbols, Initialization, BFD front end
-@include section.texi
-
-@node Symbols, Archives, Sections, BFD front end
-@include syms.texi
-
-@node Archives, Formats, Symbols, BFD front end
-@include archive.texi
-
-@node Formats, Relocations, Archives, BFD front end
-@include format.texi
-
-@node Relocations, Core Files, Formats, BFD front end
-@include reloc.texi
-
-@node Core Files, Targets, Relocations, BFD front end
-@include core.texi
-
-@node Targets, Architectures, Core Files, BFD front end
-@include targets.texi
-
-@node Architectures, Opening and Closing, Targets, BFD front end
-@include archures.texi
-
-@node Opening and Closing, Internal, Architectures, BFD front end
-@include opncls.texi
-
-@node Internal, File Caching, Opening and Closing, BFD front end
-@include libbfd.texi
-
-@node File Caching, Linker Functions, Internal, BFD front end
-@include cache.texi
-
-@node Linker Functions, Hash Tables, File Caching, BFD front end
-@include linker.texi
-
-@node Hash Tables, , Linker Functions, BFD front end
-@include hash.texi
-
-@node BFD back ends, GNU Free Documentation License, BFD front end, Top
-@chapter BFD back ends
-@menu
-* What to Put Where::
-* aout :: a.out backends
-* coff :: coff backends
-* elf :: elf backends
-* mmo :: mmo backend
-@ignore
-* oasys :: oasys backends
-* ieee :: ieee backend
-* srecord :: s-record backend
-@end ignore
-@end menu
-@node What to Put Where, aout, BFD back ends, BFD back ends
-@section What to Put Where
-All of BFD lives in one directory.
-
-@node aout, coff, What to Put Where, BFD back ends
-@include aoutx.texi
-
-@node coff, elf, aout, BFD back ends
-@include coffcode.texi
-
-@node elf, mmo, coff, BFD back ends
-@include elf.texi
-@c Leave this out until the file has some actual contents...
-@c @include elfcode.texi
-
-@node mmo, , elf, BFD back ends
-@include mmo.texi
-
-@node GNU Free Documentation License, BFD Index, BFD back ends, Top
-@include fdl.texi
-
-@node BFD Index, , GNU Free Documentation License, Top
-@unnumbered BFD Index
-@printindex cp
-
-@tex
-% I think something like @@colophon should be in texinfo. In the
-% meantime:
-\long\def\colophon{\hbox to0pt{}\vfill
-\centerline{The body of this manual is set in}
-\centerline{\fontname\tenrm,}
-\centerline{with headings in {\bf\fontname\tenbf}}
-\centerline{and examples in {\tt\fontname\tentt}.}
-\centerline{{\it\fontname\tenit\/} and}
-\centerline{{\sl\fontname\tensl\/}}
-\centerline{are used for emphasis.}\vfill}
-\page\colophon
-% Blame: doc@@cygnus.com, 28mar91.
-@end tex
-
-@bye