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-@c Copyright 2002, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c This is part of the GAS manual.
-@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
-@c CRIS description contributed by Axis Communications.
-@ifset GENERIC
-@page
-@node CRIS-Dependent
-@chapter CRIS Dependent Features
-@end ifset
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@node Machine Dependencies
-@chapter CRIS Dependent Features
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex CRIS support
-@menu
-* CRIS-Opts::              Command-line Options
-* CRIS-Expand::            Instruction expansion
-* CRIS-Symbols::           Symbols
-* CRIS-Syntax::            Syntax
-@end menu
-
-@node CRIS-Opts
-@section Command-line Options
-
-@cindex options, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS options
-The CRIS version of @code{@value{AS}} has these
-machine-dependent command-line options.
-
-@cindex @option{--emulation=criself} command line option, CRIS
-@cindex @option{--emulation=crisaout} command line option, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS @option{--emulation=criself} command line option
-@cindex CRIS @option{--emulation=crisaout} command line option
-
-The format of the generated object files can be either ELF or
-a.out, specified by the command-line options
-@option{--emulation=crisaout} and @option{--emulation=criself}.
-The default is ELF (criself), unless @code{@value{AS}} has been
-configured specifically for a.out by using the configuration
-name @code{cris-axis-aout}.
-
-@cindex @option{--underscore} command line option, CRIS
-@cindex @option{--no-underscore} command line option, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS @option{--underscore} command line option
-@cindex CRIS @option{--no-underscore} command line option
-There are two different link-incompatible ELF object file
-variants for CRIS, for use in environments where symbols are
-expected to be prefixed by a leading @samp{_} character and for
-environments without such a symbol prefix.  The variant used for
-GNU/Linux port has no symbol prefix.  Which variant to produce
-is specified by either of the options @option{--underscore} and
-@option{--no-underscore}.  The default is @option{--underscore}.
-Since symbols in CRIS a.out objects are expected to have a
-@samp{_} prefix, specifying @option{--no-underscore} when
-generating a.out objects is an error.  Besides the object format
-difference, the effect of this option is to parse register names
-differently (@pxref{crisnous}).  The @option{--no-underscore}
-option makes a @samp{$} register prefix mandatory.
-
-@cindex @option{--pic} command line option, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS @option{--pic} command line option
-@cindex Position-independent code, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS position-independent code
-The option @option{--pic} must be passed to @code{@value{AS}} in
-order to recognize the symbol syntax used for ELF (SVR4 PIC)
-position-independent-code (@pxref{crispic}).  This will also
-affect expansion of instructions.  The expansion with
-@option{--pic} will use PC-relative rather than (slightly
-faster) absolute addresses in those expansions.
-
-@cindex @option{--march=@var{architecture}} command line option, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS @option{--march=@var{architecture}} command line option
-@cindex Architecture variant option, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS architecture variant option
-The option @option{--march=@var{architecture}}
-@anchor{march-option}specifies the recognized instruction set
-and recognized register names.  It also controls the
-architecture type of the object file.  Valid values for
-@var{architecture} are:
-@table @code
-
-@item v0_v10
-All instructions and register names for any architecture variant
-in the set v0@dots{}v10 are recognized.  This is the
-default if the target is configured as cris-*.
-
-@item v10
-Only instructions and register names for CRIS v10 (as found in
-ETRAX 100 LX) are recognized.  This is the default if the target
-is configured as crisv10-*.
-
-@item v32
-Only instructions and register names for CRIS v32 (code name
-Guinness) are recognized.  This is the default if the target is
-configured as crisv32-*.  This value implies
-@option{--no-mul-bug-abort}.  (A subsequent
-@option{--mul-bug-abort} will turn it back on.)
-
-@item common_v10_v32
-Only instructions with register names and addressing modes with
-opcodes common to the v10 and v32 are recognized.
-@end table
-
-@cindex @option{-N} command line option, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS @option{-N} command line option
-When @option{-N} is specified, @code{@value{AS}} will emit a
-warning when a 16-bit branch instruction is expanded into a
-32-bit multiple-instruction construct (@pxref{CRIS-Expand}).
-
-@cindex @option{--no-mul-bug-abort} command line option, CRIS
-@cindex @option{--mul-bug-abort} command line option, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS @option{--no-mul-bug-abort} command line option
-@cindex CRIS @option{--mul-bug-abort} command line option
-
-Some versions of the CRIS v10, for example in the Etrax 100 LX,
-contain a bug that causes destabilizing memory accesses when a
-multiply instruction is executed with certain values in the
-first operand just before a cache-miss.  When the
-@option{--mul-bug-abort} command line option is active (the
-default value), @code{@value{AS}} will refuse to assemble a file
-containing a multiply instruction at a dangerous offset, one
-that could be the last on a cache-line, or is in a section with
-insufficient alignment.  This placement checking does not catch
-any case where the multiply instruction is dangerously placed
-because it is located in a delay-slot.  The
-@option{--mul-bug-abort} command line option turns off the
-checking.
-
-@node CRIS-Expand
-@section Instruction expansion
-
-@cindex instruction expansion, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS instruction expansion
-@code{@value{AS}} will silently choose an instruction that fits
-the operand size for @samp{[register+constant]} operands.  For
-example, the offset @code{127} in @code{move.d [r3+127],r4} fits
-in an instruction using a signed-byte offset.  Similarly,
-@code{move.d [r2+32767],r1} will generate an instruction using a
-16-bit offset.  For symbolic expressions and constants that do
-not fit in 16 bits including the sign bit, a 32-bit offset is
-generated.
-
-For branches, @code{@value{AS}} will expand from a 16-bit branch
-instruction into a sequence of instructions that can reach a
-full 32-bit address.  Since this does not correspond to a single
-instruction, such expansions can optionally be warned about.
-@xref{CRIS-Opts}.
-
-If the operand is found to fit the range, a @code{lapc} mnemonic
-will translate to a @code{lapcq} instruction.  Use @code{lapc.d}
-to force the 32-bit @code{lapc} instruction.
-
-Similarly, the @code{addo} mnemonic will translate to the
-shortest fitting instruction of @code{addoq}, @code{addo.w} and
-@code{addo.d}, when used with a operand that is a constant known
-at assembly time.
-
-@node CRIS-Symbols
-@section Symbols
-@cindex Symbols, built-in, CRIS
-@cindex Symbols, CRIS, built-in
-@cindex CRIS built-in symbols
-@cindex Built-in symbols, CRIS
-
-Some symbols are defined by the assembler.  They're intended to
-be used in conditional assembly, for example:
-@smallexample
- .if ..asm.arch.cris.v32
- @var{code for CRIS v32}
- .elseif ..asm.arch.cris.common_v10_v32
- @var{code common to CRIS v32 and CRIS v10}
- .elseif ..asm.arch.cris.v10 | ..asm.arch.cris.any_v0_v10
- @var{code for v10}
- .else
- .error "Code needs to be added here."
- .endif
-@end smallexample
-
-These symbols are defined in the assembler, reflecting
-command-line options, either when specified or the default.
-They are always defined, to 0 or 1.
-@table @code
-
-@item ..asm.arch.cris.any_v0_v10
-This symbol is non-zero when @option{--march=v0_v10} is specified
-or the default.
-
-@item ..asm.arch.cris.common_v10_v32
-Set according to the option @option{--march=common_v10_v32}.
-
-@item ..asm.arch.cris.v10
-Reflects the option @option{--march=v10}.
-
-@item ..asm.arch.cris.v32
-Corresponds to @option{--march=v10}.
-@end table
-
-Speaking of symbols, when a symbol is used in code, it can have
-a suffix modifying its value for use in position-independent
-code. @xref{CRIS-Pic}.
-
-@node CRIS-Syntax
-@section Syntax
-
-There are different aspects of the CRIS assembly syntax.
-
-@menu
-* CRIS-Chars::		        Special Characters
-* CRIS-Pic::			Position-Independent Code Symbols
-* CRIS-Regs::			Register Names
-* CRIS-Pseudos::		Assembler Directives
-@end menu
-
-@node CRIS-Chars
-@subsection Special Characters
-@cindex line comment characters, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS line comment characters
-
-The character @samp{#} is a line comment character.  It starts a
-comment if and only if it is placed at the beginning of a line.
-
-A @samp{;} character starts a comment anywhere on the line,
-causing all characters up to the end of the line to be ignored.
-
-A @samp{@@} character is handled as a line separator equivalent
-to a logical new-line character (except in a comment), so
-separate instructions can be specified on a single line.
-
-@node CRIS-Pic
-@subsection Symbols in position-independent code
-@cindex Symbols in position-independent code, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS symbols in position-independent code
-@cindex Position-independent code, symbols in, CRIS
-
-When generating @anchor{crispic}position-independent code (SVR4
-PIC) for use in cris-axis-linux-gnu or crisv32-axis-linux-gnu
-shared libraries, symbol
-suffixes are used to specify what kind of run-time symbol lookup
-will be used, expressed in the object as different
-@emph{relocation types}.  Usually, all absolute symbol values
-must be located in a table, the @emph{global offset table},
-leaving the code position-independent; independent of values of
-global symbols and independent of the address of the code.  The
-suffix modifies the value of the symbol, into for example an
-index into the global offset table where the real symbol value
-is entered, or a PC-relative value, or a value relative to the
-start of the global offset table.  All symbol suffixes start
-with the character @samp{:} (omitted in the list below).  Every
-symbol use in code or a read-only section must therefore have a
-PIC suffix to enable a useful shared library to be created.
-Usually, these constructs must not be used with an additive
-constant offset as is usually allowed, i.e.@: no 4 as in
-@code{symbol + 4} is allowed.  This restriction is checked at
-link-time, not at assembly-time.
-
-@table @code
-@item GOT
-
-Attaching this suffix to a symbol in an instruction causes the
-symbol to be entered into the global offset table.  The value is
-a 32-bit index for that symbol into the global offset table.
-The name of the corresponding relocation is
-@samp{R_CRIS_32_GOT}.  Example: @code{move.d
-[$r0+extsym:GOT],$r9}
-
-@item GOT16
-
-Same as for @samp{GOT}, but the value is a 16-bit index into the
-global offset table.  The corresponding relocation is
-@samp{R_CRIS_16_GOT}.  Example: @code{move.d
-[$r0+asymbol:GOT16],$r10}
-
-@item PLT
-
-This suffix is used for function symbols.  It causes a
-@emph{procedure linkage table}, an array of code stubs, to be
-created at the time the shared object is created or linked
-against, together with a global offset table entry.  The value
-is a pc-relative offset to the corresponding stub code in the
-procedure linkage table.  This arrangement causes the run-time
-symbol resolver to be called to look up and set the value of the
-symbol the first time the function is called (at latest;
-depending environment variables).  It is only safe to leave the
-symbol unresolved this way if all references are function calls.
-The name of the relocation is @samp{R_CRIS_32_PLT_PCREL}.
-Example: @code{add.d fnname:PLT,$pc}
-
-@item PLTG
-
-Like PLT, but the value is relative to the beginning of the
-global offset table.  The relocation is
-@samp{R_CRIS_32_PLT_GOTREL}.  Example: @code{move.d
-fnname:PLTG,$r3}
-
-@item GOTPLT
-
-Similar to @samp{PLT}, but the value of the symbol is a 32-bit
-index into the global offset table.  This is somewhat of a mix
-between the effect of the @samp{GOT} and the @samp{PLT} suffix;
-the difference to @samp{GOT} is that there will be a procedure
-linkage table entry created, and that the symbol is assumed to
-be a function entry and will be resolved by the run-time
-resolver as with @samp{PLT}.  The relocation is
-@samp{R_CRIS_32_GOTPLT}.  Example: @code{jsr
-[$r0+fnname:GOTPLT]}
-
-@item GOTPLT16
-
-A variant of @samp{GOTPLT} giving a 16-bit value.  Its
-relocation name is @samp{R_CRIS_16_GOTPLT}.  Example: @code{jsr
-[$r0+fnname:GOTPLT16]}
-
-@item GOTOFF
-
-This suffix must only be attached to a local symbol, but may be
-used in an expression adding an offset.  The value is the
-address of the symbol relative to the start of the global offset
-table.  The relocation name is @samp{R_CRIS_32_GOTREL}.
-Example: @code{move.d [$r0+localsym:GOTOFF],r3}
-@end table
-
-@node CRIS-Regs
-@subsection Register names
-@cindex register names, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS register names
-
-A @samp{$} character may always prefix a general or special
-register name in an instruction operand but is mandatory when
-the option @option{--no-underscore} is specified or when the
-@code{.syntax register_prefix} directive is in effect
-(@pxref{crisnous}).  Register names are case-insensitive.
-
-@node CRIS-Pseudos
-@subsection Assembler Directives
-@cindex assembler directives, CRIS
-@cindex pseudo-ops, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS assembler directives
-@cindex CRIS pseudo-ops
-
-There are a few CRIS-specific pseudo-directives in addition to
-the generic ones.  @xref{Pseudo Ops}.  Constants emitted by
-pseudo-directives are in little-endian order for CRIS.  There is
-no support for floating-point-specific directives for CRIS.
-
-@table @code
-@item .dword EXPRESSIONS
-@cindex assembler directive .dword, CRIS
-@cindex pseudo-op .dword, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS assembler directive .dword
-@cindex CRIS pseudo-op .dword
-
-The @code{.dword} directive is a synonym for @code{.int},
-expecting zero or more EXPRESSIONS, separated by commas.  For
-each expression, a 32-bit little-endian constant is emitted.
-
-@item .syntax ARGUMENT
-@cindex assembler directive .syntax, CRIS
-@cindex pseudo-op .syntax, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS assembler directive .syntax
-@cindex CRIS pseudo-op .syntax
-The @code{.syntax} directive takes as @var{ARGUMENT} one of the
-following case-sensitive choices.
-
-@table @code
-@item no_register_prefix
-
-The @code{.syntax no_register_prefix} @anchor{crisnous}directive
-makes a @samp{$} character prefix on all registers optional.  It
-overrides a previous setting, including the corresponding effect
-of the option @option{--no-underscore}.  If this directive is
-used when ordinary symbols do not have a @samp{_} character
-prefix, care must be taken to avoid ambiguities whether an
-operand is a register or a symbol; using symbols with names the
-same as general or special registers then invoke undefined
-behavior.
-
-@item register_prefix
-
-This directive makes a @samp{$} character prefix on all
-registers mandatory.  It overrides a previous setting, including
-the corresponding effect of the option @option{--underscore}.
-
-@item leading_underscore
-
-This is an assertion directive, emitting an error if the
-@option{--no-underscore} option is in effect.
-
-@item no_leading_underscore
-
-This is the opposite of the @code{.syntax leading_underscore}
-directive and emits an error if the option @option{--underscore}
-is in effect.
-@end table
-
-@item .arch ARGUMENT
-@cindex assembler directive .arch, CRIS
-@cindex pseudo-op .arch, CRIS
-@cindex CRIS assembler directive .arch
-@cindex CRIS pseudo-op .arch
-This is an assertion directive, giving an error if the specified
-@var{ARGUMENT} is not the same as the specified or default value
-for the @option{--march=@var{architecture}} option
-(@pxref{march-option}).
-
-@c If you compare with md_pseudo_table, you see that we don't
-@c document ".file" and ".loc" here.  This is because we're just
-@c wrapping the corresponding ELF function and emitting an error for
-@c a.out.
-@end table