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| author | Jason R. Coombs <jaraco@jaraco.com> | 2013-11-03 12:36:17 -0500 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Jason R. Coombs <jaraco@jaraco.com> | 2013-11-03 12:36:17 -0500 |
| commit | 1849010928400b19f07d68f68404665c50142463 (patch) | |
| tree | 8d63ce81fe82444d8611fe1151ed04f4f45b6735 | |
| parent | faefc5ec4eaf3fd5f73dd20e43be883326cdb4cb (diff) | |
| download | external_python_setuptools-1849010928400b19f07d68f68404665c50142463.tar.gz external_python_setuptools-1849010928400b19f07d68f68404665c50142463.tar.bz2 external_python_setuptools-1849010928400b19f07d68f68404665c50142463.zip | |
Re-opening old wounds (branches) to further deprecate Distribute and remove docs.
--HG--
branch : distribute
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/Makefile | 75 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/easy_install.txt | 1597 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/index.txt | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/pkg_resources.txt | 1955 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/python3.txt | 121 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/roadmap.txt | 86 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/setuptools.txt | 3230 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/using.txt | 21 |
8 files changed, 2 insertions, 7099 deletions
diff --git a/docs/Makefile b/docs/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 30bf10a9..00000000 --- a/docs/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,75 +0,0 @@ -# Makefile for Sphinx documentation -# - -# You can set these variables from the command line. -SPHINXOPTS = -SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build -PAPER = - -# Internal variables. -PAPEROPT_a4 = -D latex_paper_size=a4 -PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter -ALLSPHINXOPTS = -d build/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) . - -.PHONY: help clean html web pickle htmlhelp latex changes linkcheck - -help: - @echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of" - @echo " html to make standalone HTML files" - @echo " pickle to make pickle files" - @echo " json to make JSON files" - @echo " htmlhelp to make HTML files and a HTML help project" - @echo " latex to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter" - @echo " changes to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items" - @echo " linkcheck to check all external links for integrity" - -clean: - -rm -rf build/* - -html: - mkdir -p build/html build/doctrees - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) build/html - @echo - @echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in build/html." - -pickle: - mkdir -p build/pickle build/doctrees - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) build/pickle - @echo - @echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files." - -web: pickle - -json: - mkdir -p build/json build/doctrees - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) build/json - @echo - @echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files." - -htmlhelp: - mkdir -p build/htmlhelp build/doctrees - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) build/htmlhelp - @echo - @echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \ - ".hhp project file in build/htmlhelp." - -latex: - mkdir -p build/latex build/doctrees - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) build/latex - @echo - @echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in build/latex." - @echo "Run \`make all-pdf' or \`make all-ps' in that directory to" \ - "run these through (pdf)latex." - -changes: - mkdir -p build/changes build/doctrees - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) build/changes - @echo - @echo "The overview file is in build/changes." - -linkcheck: - mkdir -p build/linkcheck build/doctrees - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) build/linkcheck - @echo - @echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \ - "or in build/linkcheck/output.txt." diff --git a/docs/easy_install.txt b/docs/easy_install.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9b4fcfbb..00000000 --- a/docs/easy_install.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1597 +0,0 @@ -============ -Easy Install -============ - -Easy Install is a python module (``easy_install``) bundled with ``setuptools`` -that lets you automatically download, build, install, and manage Python -packages. - -Please share your experiences with us! If you encounter difficulty installing -a package, please contact us via the `distutils mailing list -<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/distutils-sig/>`_. (Note: please DO NOT send -private email directly to the author of setuptools; it will be discarded. The -mailing list is a searchable archive of previously-asked and answered -questions; you should begin your research there before reporting something as a -bug -- and then do so via list discussion first.) - -(Also, if you'd like to learn about how you can use ``setuptools`` to make your -own packages work better with EasyInstall, or provide EasyInstall-like features -without requiring your users to use EasyInstall directly, you'll probably want -to check out the full `setuptools`_ documentation as well.) - -.. contents:: **Table of Contents** - - -Using "Easy Install" -==================== - - -.. _installation instructions: - -Installing "Easy Install" -------------------------- - -Please see the `setuptools PyPI page <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools>`_ -for download links and basic installation instructions for each of the -supported platforms. - -You will need at least Python 2.3.5, or if you are on a 64-bit platform, Python -2.4. An ``easy_install`` script will be installed in the normal location for -Python scripts on your platform. - -Note that the instructions on the setuptools PyPI page assume that you are -are installling to Python's primary ``site-packages`` directory. If this is -not the case, you should consult the section below on `Custom Installation -Locations`_ before installing. (And, on Windows, you should not use the -``.exe`` installer when installing to an alternate location.) - -Note that ``easy_install`` normally works by downloading files from the -internet. If you are behind an NTLM-based firewall that prevents Python -programs from accessing the net directly, you may wish to first install and use -the `APS proxy server <http://ntlmaps.sf.net/>`_, which lets you get past such -firewalls in the same way that your web browser(s) do. - -(Alternately, if you do not wish easy_install to actually download anything, you -can restrict it from doing so with the ``--allow-hosts`` option; see the -sections on `restricting downloads with --allow-hosts`_ and `command-line -options`_ for more details.) - - -Troubleshooting -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -If EasyInstall/setuptools appears to install correctly, and you can run the -``easy_install`` command but it fails with an ``ImportError``, the most likely -cause is that you installed to a location other than ``site-packages``, -without taking any of the steps described in the `Custom Installation -Locations`_ section below. Please see that section and follow the steps to -make sure that your custom location will work correctly. Then re-install. - -Similarly, if you can run ``easy_install``, and it appears to be installing -packages, but then you can't import them, the most likely issue is that you -installed EasyInstall correctly but are using it to install packages to a -non-standard location that hasn't been properly prepared. Again, see the -section on `Custom Installation Locations`_ for more details. - - -Windows Notes -~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -On Windows, an ``easy_install.exe`` launcher will also be installed, so that -you can just type ``easy_install`` as long as it's on your ``PATH``. If typing -``easy_install`` at the command prompt doesn't work, check to make sure your -``PATH`` includes the appropriate ``C:\\Python2X\\Scripts`` directory. On -most current versions of Windows, you can change the ``PATH`` by right-clicking -"My Computer", choosing "Properties" and selecting the "Advanced" tab, then -clicking the "Environment Variables" button. ``PATH`` will be in the "System -Variables" section, and you will need to exit and restart your command shell -(command.com, cmd.exe, bash, or other) for the change to take effect. Be sure -to add a ``;`` after the last item on ``PATH`` before adding the scripts -directory to it. - -Note that instead of changing your ``PATH`` to include the Python scripts -directory, you can also retarget the installation location for scripts so they -go on a directory that's already on the ``PATH``. For more information see the -sections below on `Command-Line Options`_ and `Configuration Files`_. You -can pass command line options (such as ``--script-dir``) to -``distribute_setup.py`` to control where ``easy_install.exe`` will be installed. - - - -Downloading and Installing a Package ------------------------------------- - -For basic use of ``easy_install``, you need only supply the filename or URL of -a source distribution or .egg file (`Python Egg`__). - -__ http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/PythonEggs - -**Example 1**. Install a package by name, searching PyPI for the latest -version, and automatically downloading, building, and installing it:: - - easy_install SQLObject - -**Example 2**. Install or upgrade a package by name and version by finding -links on a given "download page":: - - easy_install -f http://pythonpaste.org/package_index.html SQLObject - -**Example 3**. Download a source distribution from a specified URL, -automatically building and installing it:: - - easy_install http://example.com/path/to/MyPackage-1.2.3.tgz - -**Example 4**. Install an already-downloaded .egg file:: - - easy_install /my_downloads/OtherPackage-3.2.1-py2.3.egg - -**Example 5**. Upgrade an already-installed package to the latest version -listed on PyPI:: - - easy_install --upgrade PyProtocols - -**Example 6**. Install a source distribution that's already downloaded and -extracted in the current directory (New in 0.5a9):: - - easy_install . - -**Example 7**. (New in 0.6a1) Find a source distribution or Subversion -checkout URL for a package, and extract it or check it out to -``~/projects/sqlobject`` (the name will always be in all-lowercase), where it -can be examined or edited. (The package will not be installed, but it can -easily be installed with ``easy_install ~/projects/sqlobject``. See `Editing -and Viewing Source Packages`_ below for more info.):: - - easy_install --editable --build-directory ~/projects SQLObject - -**Example 7**. (New in 0.6.11) Install a distribution within your home dir:: - - easy_install --user SQLAlchemy - -Easy Install accepts URLs, filenames, PyPI package names (i.e., ``distutils`` -"distribution" names), and package+version specifiers. In each case, it will -attempt to locate the latest available version that meets your criteria. - -When downloading or processing downloaded files, Easy Install recognizes -distutils source distribution files with extensions of .tgz, .tar, .tar.gz, -.tar.bz2, or .zip. And of course it handles already-built .egg -distributions as well as ``.win32.exe`` installers built using distutils. - -By default, packages are installed to the running Python installation's -``site-packages`` directory, unless you provide the ``-d`` or ``--install-dir`` -option to specify an alternative directory, or specify an alternate location -using distutils configuration files. (See `Configuration Files`_, below.) - -By default, any scripts included with the package are installed to the running -Python installation's standard script installation location. However, if you -specify an installation directory via the command line or a config file, then -the default directory for installing scripts will be the same as the package -installation directory, to ensure that the script will have access to the -installed package. You can override this using the ``-s`` or ``--script-dir`` -option. - -Installed packages are added to an ``easy-install.pth`` file in the install -directory, so that Python will always use the most-recently-installed version -of the package. If you would like to be able to select which version to use at -runtime, you should use the ``-m`` or ``--multi-version`` option. - - -Upgrading a Package -------------------- - -You don't need to do anything special to upgrade a package: just install the -new version, either by requesting a specific version, e.g.:: - - easy_install "SomePackage==2.0" - -a version greater than the one you have now:: - - easy_install "SomePackage>2.0" - -using the upgrade flag, to find the latest available version on PyPI:: - - easy_install --upgrade SomePackage - -or by using a download page, direct download URL, or package filename:: - - easy_install -f http://example.com/downloads ExamplePackage - - easy_install http://example.com/downloads/ExamplePackage-2.0-py2.4.egg - - easy_install my_downloads/ExamplePackage-2.0.tgz - -If you're using ``-m`` or ``--multi-version`` , using the ``require()`` -function at runtime automatically selects the newest installed version of a -package that meets your version criteria. So, installing a newer version is -the only step needed to upgrade such packages. - -If you're installing to a directory on PYTHONPATH, or a configured "site" -directory (and not using ``-m``), installing a package automatically replaces -any previous version in the ``easy-install.pth`` file, so that Python will -import the most-recently installed version by default. So, again, installing -the newer version is the only upgrade step needed. - -If you haven't suppressed script installation (using ``--exclude-scripts`` or -``-x``), then the upgraded version's scripts will be installed, and they will -be automatically patched to ``require()`` the corresponding version of the -package, so that you can use them even if they are installed in multi-version -mode. - -``easy_install`` never actually deletes packages (unless you're installing a -package with the same name and version number as an existing package), so if -you want to get rid of older versions of a package, please see `Uninstalling -Packages`_, below. - - -Changing the Active Version ---------------------------- - -If you've upgraded a package, but need to revert to a previously-installed -version, you can do so like this:: - - easy_install PackageName==1.2.3 - -Where ``1.2.3`` is replaced by the exact version number you wish to switch to. -If a package matching the requested name and version is not already installed -in a directory on ``sys.path``, it will be located via PyPI and installed. - -If you'd like to switch to the latest installed version of ``PackageName``, you -can do so like this:: - - easy_install PackageName - -This will activate the latest installed version. (Note: if you have set any -``find_links`` via distutils configuration files, those download pages will be -checked for the latest available version of the package, and it will be -downloaded and installed if it is newer than your current version.) - -Note that changing the active version of a package will install the newly -active version's scripts, unless the ``--exclude-scripts`` or ``-x`` option is -specified. - - -Uninstalling Packages ---------------------- - -If you have replaced a package with another version, then you can just delete -the package(s) you don't need by deleting the PackageName-versioninfo.egg file -or directory (found in the installation directory). - -If you want to delete the currently installed version of a package (or all -versions of a package), you should first run:: - - easy_install -m PackageName - -This will ensure that Python doesn't continue to search for a package you're -planning to remove. After you've done this, you can safely delete the .egg -files or directories, along with any scripts you wish to remove. - - -Managing Scripts ----------------- - -Whenever you install, upgrade, or change versions of a package, EasyInstall -automatically installs the scripts for the selected package version, unless -you tell it not to with ``-x`` or ``--exclude-scripts``. If any scripts in -the script directory have the same name, they are overwritten. - -Thus, you do not normally need to manually delete scripts for older versions of -a package, unless the newer version of the package does not include a script -of the same name. However, if you are completely uninstalling a package, you -may wish to manually delete its scripts. - -EasyInstall's default behavior means that you can normally only run scripts -from one version of a package at a time. If you want to keep multiple versions -of a script available, however, you can simply use the ``--multi-version`` or -``-m`` option, and rename the scripts that EasyInstall creates. This works -because EasyInstall installs scripts as short code stubs that ``require()`` the -matching version of the package the script came from, so renaming the script -has no effect on what it executes. - -For example, suppose you want to use two versions of the ``rst2html`` tool -provided by the `docutils <http://docutils.sf.net/>`_ package. You might -first install one version:: - - easy_install -m docutils==0.3.9 - -then rename the ``rst2html.py`` to ``r2h_039``, and install another version:: - - easy_install -m docutils==0.3.10 - -This will create another ``rst2html.py`` script, this one using docutils -version 0.3.10 instead of 0.3.9. You now have two scripts, each using a -different version of the package. (Notice that we used ``-m`` for both -installations, so that Python won't lock us out of using anything but the most -recently-installed version of the package.) - - - -Tips & Techniques ------------------ - - -Multiple Python Versions -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -As of version 0.6a11, EasyInstall installs itself under two names: -``easy_install`` and ``easy_install-N.N``, where ``N.N`` is the Python version -used to install it. Thus, if you install EasyInstall for both Python 2.3 and -2.4, you can use the ``easy_install-2.3`` or ``easy_install-2.4`` scripts to -install packages for Python 2.3 or 2.4, respectively. - -Also, if you're working with Python version 2.4 or higher, you can run Python -with ``-m easy_install`` to run that particular Python version's -``easy_install`` command. - - -Restricting Downloads with ``--allow-hosts`` -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -You can use the ``--allow-hosts`` (``-H``) option to restrict what domains -EasyInstall will look for links and downloads on. ``--allow-hosts=None`` -prevents downloading altogether. You can also use wildcards, for example -to restrict downloading to hosts in your own intranet. See the section below -on `Command-Line Options`_ for more details on the ``--allow-hosts`` option. - -By default, there are no host restrictions in effect, but you can change this -default by editing the appropriate `configuration files`_ and adding: - -.. code-block:: ini - - [easy_install] - allow_hosts = *.myintranet.example.com,*.python.org - -The above example would then allow downloads only from hosts in the -``python.org`` and ``myintranet.example.com`` domains, unless overridden on the -command line. - - -Installing on Un-networked Machines -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Just copy the eggs or source packages you need to a directory on the target -machine, then use the ``-f`` or ``--find-links`` option to specify that -directory's location. For example:: - - easy_install -H None -f somedir SomePackage - -will attempt to install SomePackage using only eggs and source packages found -in ``somedir`` and disallowing all remote access. You should of course make -sure you have all of SomePackage's dependencies available in somedir. - -If you have another machine of the same operating system and library versions -(or if the packages aren't platform-specific), you can create the directory of -eggs using a command like this:: - - easy_install -zmaxd somedir SomePackage - -This will tell EasyInstall to put zipped eggs or source packages for -SomePackage and all its dependencies into ``somedir``, without creating any -scripts or .pth files. You can then copy the contents of ``somedir`` to the -target machine. (``-z`` means zipped eggs, ``-m`` means multi-version, which -prevents .pth files from being used, ``-a`` means to copy all the eggs needed, -even if they're installed elsewhere on the machine, and ``-d`` indicates the -directory to place the eggs in.) - -You can also build the eggs from local development packages that were installed -with the ``setup.py develop`` command, by including the ``-l`` option, e.g.:: - - easy_install -zmaxld somedir SomePackage - -This will use locally-available source distributions to build the eggs. - - -Packaging Others' Projects As Eggs -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Need to distribute a package that isn't published in egg form? You can use -EasyInstall to build eggs for a project. You'll want to use the ``--zip-ok``, -``--exclude-scripts``, and possibly ``--no-deps`` options (``-z``, ``-x`` and -``-N``, respectively). Use ``-d`` or ``--install-dir`` to specify the location -where you'd like the eggs placed. By placing them in a directory that is -published to the web, you can then make the eggs available for download, either -in an intranet or to the internet at large. - -If someone distributes a package in the form of a single ``.py`` file, you can -wrap it in an egg by tacking an ``#egg=name-version`` suffix on the file's URL. -So, something like this:: - - easy_install -f "http://some.example.com/downloads/foo.py#egg=foo-1.0" foo - -will install the package as an egg, and this:: - - easy_install -zmaxd. \ - -f "http://some.example.com/downloads/foo.py#egg=foo-1.0" foo - -will create a ``.egg`` file in the current directory. - - -Creating your own Package Index -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -In addition to local directories and the Python Package Index, EasyInstall can -find download links on most any web page whose URL is given to the ``-f`` -(``--find-links``) option. In the simplest case, you can simply have a web -page with links to eggs or Python source packages, even an automatically -generated directory listing (such as the Apache web server provides). - -If you are setting up an intranet site for package downloads, you may want to -configure the target machines to use your download site by default, adding -something like this to their `configuration files`_: - -.. code-block:: ini - - [easy_install] - find_links = http://mypackages.example.com/somedir/ - http://turbogears.org/download/ - http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ - -As you can see, you can list multiple URLs separated by whitespace, continuing -on multiple lines if necessary (as long as the subsequent lines are indented. - -If you are more ambitious, you can also create an entirely custom package index -or PyPI mirror. See the ``--index-url`` option under `Command-Line Options`_, -below, and also the section on `Package Index "API"`_. - - -Password-Protected Sites ------------------------- - -If a site you want to download from is password-protected using HTTP "Basic" -authentication, you can specify your credentials in the URL, like so:: - - http://some_userid:some_password@some.example.com/some_path/ - -You can do this with both index page URLs and direct download URLs. As long -as any HTML pages read by easy_install use *relative* links to point to the -downloads, the same user ID and password will be used to do the downloading. - - -Controlling Build Options -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -EasyInstall respects standard distutils `Configuration Files`_, so you can use -them to configure build options for packages that it installs from source. For -example, if you are on Windows using the MinGW compiler, you can configure the -default compiler by putting something like this: - -.. code-block:: ini - - [build] - compiler = mingw32 - -into the appropriate distutils configuration file. In fact, since this is just -normal distutils configuration, it will affect any builds using that config -file, not just ones done by EasyInstall. For example, if you add those lines -to ``distutils.cfg`` in the ``distutils`` package directory, it will be the -default compiler for *all* packages you build. See `Configuration Files`_ -below for a list of the standard configuration file locations, and links to -more documentation on using distutils configuration files. - - -Editing and Viewing Source Packages -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Sometimes a package's source distribution contains additional documentation, -examples, configuration files, etc., that are not part of its actual code. If -you want to be able to examine these files, you can use the ``--editable`` -option to EasyInstall, and EasyInstall will look for a source distribution -or Subversion URL for the package, then download and extract it or check it out -as a subdirectory of the ``--build-directory`` you specify. If you then wish -to install the package after editing or configuring it, you can do so by -rerunning EasyInstall with that directory as the target. - -Note that using ``--editable`` stops EasyInstall from actually building or -installing the package; it just finds, obtains, and possibly unpacks it for -you. This allows you to make changes to the package if necessary, and to -either install it in development mode using ``setup.py develop`` (if the -package uses setuptools, that is), or by running ``easy_install projectdir`` -(where ``projectdir`` is the subdirectory EasyInstall created for the -downloaded package. - -In order to use ``--editable`` (``-e`` for short), you *must* also supply a -``--build-directory`` (``-b`` for short). The project will be placed in a -subdirectory of the build directory. The subdirectory will have the same -name as the project itself, but in all-lowercase. If a file or directory of -that name already exists, EasyInstall will print an error message and exit. - -Also, when using ``--editable``, you cannot use URLs or filenames as arguments. -You *must* specify project names (and optional version requirements) so that -EasyInstall knows what directory name(s) to create. If you need to force -EasyInstall to use a particular URL or filename, you should specify it as a -``--find-links`` item (``-f`` for short), and then also specify -the project name, e.g.:: - - easy_install -eb ~/projects \ - -fhttp://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ctypes/ctypes-0.9.6.tar.gz?download \ - ctypes==0.9.6 - - -Dealing with Installation Conflicts -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -(NOTE: As of 0.6a11, this section is obsolete; it is retained here only so that -people using older versions of EasyInstall can consult it. As of version -0.6a11, installation conflicts are handled automatically without deleting the -old or system-installed packages, and without ignoring the issue. Instead, -eggs are automatically shifted to the front of ``sys.path`` using special -code added to the ``easy-install.pth`` file. So, if you are using version -0.6a11 or better of setuptools, you do not need to worry about conflicts, -and the following issues do not apply to you.) - -EasyInstall installs distributions in a "managed" way, such that each -distribution can be independently activated or deactivated on ``sys.path``. -However, packages that were not installed by EasyInstall are "unmanaged", -in that they usually live all in one directory and cannot be independently -activated or deactivated. - -As a result, if you are using EasyInstall to upgrade an existing package, or -to install a package with the same name as an existing package, EasyInstall -will warn you of the conflict. (This is an improvement over ``setup.py -install``, becuase the ``distutils`` just install new packages on top of old -ones, possibly combining two unrelated packages or leaving behind modules that -have been deleted in the newer version of the package.) - -By default, EasyInstall will stop the installation if it detects a conflict -between an existing, "unmanaged" package, and a module or package in any of -the distributions you're installing. It will display a list of all of the -existing files and directories that would need to be deleted for the new -package to be able to function correctly. You can then either delete these -conflicting files and directories yourself and re-run EasyInstall, or you can -just use the ``--delete-conflicting`` or ``--ignore-conflicts-at-my-risk`` -options, as described under `Command-Line Options`_, below. - -Of course, once you've replaced all of your existing "unmanaged" packages with -versions managed by EasyInstall, you won't have any more conflicts to worry -about! - - -Compressed Installation -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -EasyInstall tries to install packages in zipped form, if it can. Zipping -packages can improve Python's overall import performance if you're not using -the ``--multi-version`` option, because Python processes zipfile entries on -``sys.path`` much faster than it does directories. - -As of version 0.5a9, EasyInstall analyzes packages to determine whether they -can be safely installed as a zipfile, and then acts on its analysis. (Previous -versions would not install a package as a zipfile unless you used the -``--zip-ok`` option.) - -The current analysis approach is fairly conservative; it currenly looks for: - - * Any use of the ``__file__`` or ``__path__`` variables (which should be - replaced with ``pkg_resources`` API calls) - - * Possible use of ``inspect`` functions that expect to manipulate source files - (e.g. ``inspect.getsource()``) - - * Top-level modules that might be scripts used with ``python -m`` (Python 2.4) - -If any of the above are found in the package being installed, EasyInstall will -assume that the package cannot be safely run from a zipfile, and unzip it to -a directory instead. You can override this analysis with the ``-zip-ok`` flag, -which will tell EasyInstall to install the package as a zipfile anyway. Or, -you can use the ``--always-unzip`` flag, in which case EasyInstall will always -unzip, even if its analysis says the package is safe to run as a zipfile. - -Normally, however, it is simplest to let EasyInstall handle the determination -of whether to zip or unzip, and only specify overrides when needed to work -around a problem. If you find you need to override EasyInstall's guesses, you -may want to contact the package author and the EasyInstall maintainers, so that -they can make appropriate changes in future versions. - -(Note: If a package uses ``setuptools`` in its setup script, the package author -has the option to declare the package safe or unsafe for zipped usage via the -``zip_safe`` argument to ``setup()``. If the package author makes such a -declaration, EasyInstall believes the package's author and does not perform its -own analysis. However, your command-line option, if any, will still override -the package author's choice.) - - -Reference Manual -================ - -Configuration Files -------------------- - -(New in 0.4a2) - -You may specify default options for EasyInstall using the standard -distutils configuration files, under the command heading ``easy_install``. -EasyInstall will look first for a ``setup.cfg`` file in the current directory, -then a ``~/.pydistutils.cfg`` or ``$HOME\\pydistutils.cfg`` (on Unix-like OSes -and Windows, respectively), and finally a ``distutils.cfg`` file in the -``distutils`` package directory. Here's a simple example: - -.. code-block:: ini - - [easy_install] - - # set the default location to install packages - install_dir = /home/me/lib/python - - # Notice that indentation can be used to continue an option - # value; this is especially useful for the "--find-links" - # option, which tells easy_install to use download links on - # these pages before consulting PyPI: - # - find_links = http://sqlobject.org/ - http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ - -In addition to accepting configuration for its own options under -``[easy_install]``, EasyInstall also respects defaults specified for other -distutils commands. For example, if you don't set an ``install_dir`` for -``[easy_install]``, but *have* set an ``install_lib`` for the ``[install]`` -command, this will become EasyInstall's default installation directory. Thus, -if you are already using distutils configuration files to set default install -locations, build options, etc., EasyInstall will respect your existing settings -until and unless you override them explicitly in an ``[easy_install]`` section. - -For more information, see also the current Python documentation on the `use and -location of distutils configuration files <http://docs.python.org/inst/config-syntax.html>`_. - -Notice that ``easy_install`` will use the ``setup.cfg`` from the current -working directory only if it was triggered from ``setup.py`` through the -``install_requires`` option. The standalone command will not use that file. - -Command-Line Options --------------------- - -``--zip-ok, -z`` - Install all packages as zip files, even if they are marked as unsafe for - running as a zipfile. This can be useful when EasyInstall's analysis - of a non-setuptools package is too conservative, but keep in mind that - the package may not work correctly. (Changed in 0.5a9; previously this - option was required in order for zipped installation to happen at all.) - -``--always-unzip, -Z`` - Don't install any packages as zip files, even if the packages are marked - as safe for running as a zipfile. This can be useful if a package does - something unsafe, but not in a way that EasyInstall can easily detect. - EasyInstall's default analysis is currently very conservative, however, so - you should only use this option if you've had problems with a particular - package, and *after* reporting the problem to the package's maintainer and - to the EasyInstall maintainers. - - (Note: the ``-z/-Z`` options only affect the installation of newly-built - or downloaded packages that are not already installed in the target - directory; if you want to convert an existing installed version from - zipped to unzipped or vice versa, you'll need to delete the existing - version first, and re-run EasyInstall.) - -``--multi-version, -m`` - "Multi-version" mode. Specifying this option prevents ``easy_install`` from - adding an ``easy-install.pth`` entry for the package being installed, and - if an entry for any version the package already exists, it will be removed - upon successful installation. In multi-version mode, no specific version of - the package is available for importing, unless you use - ``pkg_resources.require()`` to put it on ``sys.path``. This can be as - simple as:: - - from pkg_resources import require - require("SomePackage", "OtherPackage", "MyPackage") - - which will put the latest installed version of the specified packages on - ``sys.path`` for you. (For more advanced uses, like selecting specific - versions and enabling optional dependencies, see the ``pkg_resources`` API - doc.) - - Changed in 0.6a10: this option is no longer silently enabled when - installing to a non-PYTHONPATH, non-"site" directory. You must always - explicitly use this option if you want it to be active. - -``--upgrade, -U`` (New in 0.5a4) - By default, EasyInstall only searches online if a project/version - requirement can't be met by distributions already installed - on sys.path or the installation directory. However, if you supply the - ``--upgrade`` or ``-U`` flag, EasyInstall will always check the package - index and ``--find-links`` URLs before selecting a version to install. In - this way, you can force EasyInstall to use the latest available version of - any package it installs (subject to any version requirements that might - exclude such later versions). - -``--install-dir=DIR, -d DIR`` - Set the installation directory. It is up to you to ensure that this - directory is on ``sys.path`` at runtime, and to use - ``pkg_resources.require()`` to enable the installed package(s) that you - need. - - (New in 0.4a2) If this option is not directly specified on the command line - or in a distutils configuration file, the distutils default installation - location is used. Normally, this would be the ``site-packages`` directory, - but if you are using distutils configuration files, setting things like - ``prefix`` or ``install_lib``, then those settings are taken into - account when computing the default installation directory, as is the - ``--prefix`` option. - -``--script-dir=DIR, -s DIR`` - Set the script installation directory. If you don't supply this option - (via the command line or a configuration file), but you *have* supplied - an ``--install-dir`` (via command line or config file), then this option - defaults to the same directory, so that the scripts will be able to find - their associated package installation. Otherwise, this setting defaults - to the location where the distutils would normally install scripts, taking - any distutils configuration file settings into account. - -``--exclude-scripts, -x`` - Don't install scripts. This is useful if you need to install multiple - versions of a package, but do not want to reset the version that will be - run by scripts that are already installed. - -``--user`` (New in 0.6.11) - Use the the user-site-packages as specified in :pep:`370` - instead of the global site-packages. - -``--always-copy, -a`` (New in 0.5a4) - Copy all needed distributions to the installation directory, even if they - are already present in a directory on sys.path. In older versions of - EasyInstall, this was the default behavior, but now you must explicitly - request it. By default, EasyInstall will no longer copy such distributions - from other sys.path directories to the installation directory, unless you - explicitly gave the distribution's filename on the command line. - - Note that as of 0.6a10, using this option excludes "system" and - "development" eggs from consideration because they can't be reliably - copied. This may cause EasyInstall to choose an older version of a package - than what you expected, or it may cause downloading and installation of a - fresh copy of something that's already installed. You will see warning - messages for any eggs that EasyInstall skips, before it falls back to an - older version or attempts to download a fresh copy. - -``--find-links=URLS_OR_FILENAMES, -f URLS_OR_FILENAMES`` - Scan the specified "download pages" or directories for direct links to eggs - or other distributions. Any existing file or directory names or direct - download URLs are immediately added to EasyInstall's search cache, and any - indirect URLs (ones that don't point to eggs or other recognized archive - formats) are added to a list of additional places to search for download - links. As soon as EasyInstall has to go online to find a package (either - because it doesn't exist locally, or because ``--upgrade`` or ``-U`` was - used), the specified URLs will be downloaded and scanned for additional - direct links. - - Eggs and archives found by way of ``--find-links`` are only downloaded if - they are needed to meet a requirement specified on the command line; links - to unneeded packages are ignored. - - If all requested packages can be found using links on the specified - download pages, the Python Package Index will not be consulted unless you - also specified the ``--upgrade`` or ``-U`` option. - - (Note: if you want to refer to a local HTML file containing links, you must - use a ``file:`` URL, as filenames that do not refer to a directory, egg, or - archive are ignored.) - - You may specify multiple URLs or file/directory names with this option, - separated by whitespace. Note that on the command line, you will probably - have to surround the URL list with quotes, so that it is recognized as a - single option value. You can also specify URLs in a configuration file; - see `Configuration Files`_, above. - - Changed in 0.6a10: previously all URLs and directories passed to this - option were scanned as early as possible, but from 0.6a10 on, only - directories and direct archive links are scanned immediately; URLs are not - retrieved unless a package search was already going to go online due to a - package not being available locally, or due to the use of the ``--update`` - or ``-U`` option. - -``--no-find-links`` Blocks the addition of any link. (New in Distribute 0.6.11) - This is useful if you want to avoid adding links defined in a project - easy_install is installing (wether it's a requested project or a - dependency.). When used, ``--find-links`` is ignored. - -``--delete-conflicting, -D`` (Removed in 0.6a11) - (As of 0.6a11, this option is no longer necessary; please do not use it!) - - If you are replacing a package that was previously installed *without* - using EasyInstall, the old version may end up on ``sys.path`` before the - version being installed with EasyInstall. EasyInstall will normally abort - the installation of a package if it detects such a conflict, and ask you to - manually remove the conflicting files or directories. If you specify this - option, however, EasyInstall will attempt to delete the files or - directories itself, and then proceed with the installation. - -``--ignore-conflicts-at-my-risk`` (Removed in 0.6a11) - (As of 0.6a11, this option is no longer necessary; please do not use it!) - - Ignore conflicting packages and proceed with installation anyway, even - though it means the package probably won't work properly. If the - conflicting package is in a directory you can't write to, this may be your - only option, but you will need to take more invasive measures to get the - installed package to work, like manually adding it to ``PYTHONPATH`` or to - ``sys.path`` at runtime. - -``--index-url=URL, -i URL`` (New in 0.4a1; default changed in 0.6c7) - Specifies the base URL of the Python Package Index. The default is - http://pypi.python.org/simple if not specified. When a package is requested - that is not locally available or linked from a ``--find-links`` download - page, the package index will be searched for download pages for the needed - package, and those download pages will be searched for links to download - an egg or source distribution. - -``--editable, -e`` (New in 0.6a1) - Only find and download source distributions for the specified projects, - unpacking them to subdirectories of the specified ``--build-directory``. - EasyInstall will not actually build or install the requested projects or - their dependencies; it will just find and extract them for you. See - `Editing and Viewing Source Packages`_ above for more details. - -``--build-directory=DIR, -b DIR`` (UPDATED in 0.6a1) - Set the directory used to build source packages. If a package is built - from a source distribution or checkout, it will be extracted to a - subdirectory of the specified directory. The subdirectory will have the - same name as the extracted distribution's project, but in all-lowercase. - If a file or directory of that name already exists in the given directory, - a warning will be printed to the console, and the build will take place in - a temporary directory instead. - - This option is most useful in combination with the ``--editable`` option, - which forces EasyInstall to *only* find and extract (but not build and - install) source distributions. See `Editing and Viewing Source Packages`_, - above, for more information. - -``--verbose, -v, --quiet, -q`` (New in 0.4a4) - Control the level of detail of EasyInstall's progress messages. The - default detail level is "info", which prints information only about - relatively time-consuming operations like running a setup script, unpacking - an archive, or retrieving a URL. Using ``-q`` or ``--quiet`` drops the - detail level to "warn", which will only display installation reports, - warnings, and errors. Using ``-v`` or ``--verbose`` increases the detail - level to include individual file-level operations, link analysis messages, - and distutils messages from any setup scripts that get run. If you include - the ``-v`` option more than once, the second and subsequent uses are passed - down to any setup scripts, increasing the verbosity of their reporting as - well. - -``--dry-run, -n`` (New in 0.4a4) - Don't actually install the package or scripts. This option is passed down - to any setup scripts run, so packages should not actually build either. - This does *not* skip downloading, nor does it skip extracting source - distributions to a temporary/build directory. - -``--optimize=LEVEL``, ``-O LEVEL`` (New in 0.4a4) - If you are installing from a source distribution, and are *not* using the - ``--zip-ok`` option, this option controls the optimization level for - compiling installed ``.py`` files to ``.pyo`` files. It does not affect - the compilation of modules contained in ``.egg`` files, only those in - ``.egg`` directories. The optimization level can be set to 0, 1, or 2; - the default is 0 (unless it's set under ``install`` or ``install_lib`` in - one of your distutils configuration files). - -``--record=FILENAME`` (New in 0.5a4) - Write a record of all installed files to FILENAME. This is basically the - same as the same option for the standard distutils "install" command, and - is included for compatibility with tools that expect to pass this option - to "setup.py install". - -``--site-dirs=DIRLIST, -S DIRLIST`` (New in 0.6a1) - Specify one or more custom "site" directories (separated by commas). - "Site" directories are directories where ``.pth`` files are processed, such - as the main Python ``site-packages`` directory. As of 0.6a10, EasyInstall - automatically detects whether a given directory processes ``.pth`` files - (or can be made to do so), so you should not normally need to use this - option. It is is now only necessary if you want to override EasyInstall's - judgment and force an installation directory to be treated as if it - supported ``.pth`` files. - -``--no-deps, -N`` (New in 0.6a6) - Don't install any dependencies. This is intended as a convenience for - tools that wrap eggs in a platform-specific packaging system. (We don't - recommend that you use it for anything else.) - -``--allow-hosts=PATTERNS, -H PATTERNS`` (New in 0.6a6) - Restrict downloading and spidering to hosts matching the specified glob - patterns. E.g. ``-H *.python.org`` restricts web access so that only - packages listed and downloadable from machines in the ``python.org`` - domain. The glob patterns must match the *entire* user/host/port section of - the target URL(s). For example, ``*.python.org`` will NOT accept a URL - like ``http://python.org/foo`` or ``http://www.python.org:8080/``. - Multiple patterns can be specified by separting them with commas. The - default pattern is ``*``, which matches anything. - - In general, this option is mainly useful for blocking EasyInstall's web - access altogether (e.g. ``-Hlocalhost``), or to restrict it to an intranet - or other trusted site. EasyInstall will do the best it can to satisfy - dependencies given your host restrictions, but of course can fail if it - can't find suitable packages. EasyInstall displays all blocked URLs, so - that you can adjust your ``--allow-hosts`` setting if it is more strict - than you intended. Some sites may wish to define a restrictive default - setting for this option in their `configuration files`_, and then manually - override the setting on the command line as needed. - -``--prefix=DIR`` (New in 0.6a10) - Use the specified directory as a base for computing the default - installation and script directories. On Windows, the resulting default - directories will be ``prefix\\Lib\\site-packages`` and ``prefix\\Scripts``, - while on other platforms the defaults will be - ``prefix/lib/python2.X/site-packages`` (with the appropriate version - substituted) for libraries and ``prefix/bin`` for scripts. - - Note that the ``--prefix`` option only sets the *default* installation and - script directories, and does not override the ones set on the command line - or in a configuration file. - -``--local-snapshots-ok, -l`` (New in 0.6c6) - Normally, EasyInstall prefers to only install *released* versions of - projects, not in-development ones, because such projects may not - have a currently-valid version number. So, it usually only installs them - when their ``setup.py`` directory is explicitly passed on the command line. - - However, if this option is used, then any in-development projects that were - installed using the ``setup.py develop`` command, will be used to build - eggs, effectively upgrading the "in-development" project to a snapshot - release. Normally, this option is used only in conjunction with the - ``--always-copy`` option to create a distributable snapshot of every egg - needed to run an application. - - Note that if you use this option, you must make sure that there is a valid - version number (such as an SVN revision number tag) for any in-development - projects that may be used, as otherwise EasyInstall may not be able to tell - what version of the project is "newer" when future installations or - upgrades are attempted. - - -.. _non-root installation: - -Custom Installation Locations ------------------------------ - -By default, EasyInstall installs python packages into Python's main ``site-packages`` directory, -and manages them using a custom ``.pth`` file in that same directory. - -Very often though, a user or developer wants ``easy_install`` to install and manage python packages -in an alternative location, usually for one of 3 reasons: - -1. They don't have access to write to the main Python site-packages directory. - -2. They want a user-specific stash of packages, that is not visible to other users. - -3. They want to isolate a set of packages to a specific python application, usually to minimize - the possibility of version conflicts. - -Historically, there have been many approaches to achieve custom installation. -The following section lists only the easiest and most relevant approaches [1]_. - -`Use the "--user" option`_ - -`Use the "--user" option and customize "PYTHONUSERBASE"`_ - -`Use "virtualenv"`_ - -.. [1] There are older ways to achieve custom installation using various ``easy_install`` and ``setup.py install`` options, combined with ``PYTHONPATH`` and/or ``PYTHONUSERBASE`` alterations, but all of these are effectively deprecated by the User scheme brought in by `PEP-370`_ in Python 2.6. - -.. _PEP-370: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0370/ - - -Use the "--user" option -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -With Python 2.6 came the User scheme for installation, which means that all -python distributions support an alternative install location that is specific to a user [2]_ [3]_. -The Default location for each OS is explained in the python documentation -for the ``site.USER_BASE`` variable. This mode of installation can be turned on by -specifying the ``--user`` option to ``setup.py install`` or ``easy_install``. -This approach serves the need to have a user-specific stash of packages. - -.. [2] Prior to Python2.6, Mac OS X offered a form of the User scheme. That is now subsumed into the User scheme introduced in Python 2.6. -.. [3] Prior to the User scheme, there was the Home scheme, which is still available, but requires more effort than the User scheme to get packages recognized. - -Use the "--user" option and customize "PYTHONUSERBASE" -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -The User scheme install location can be customized by setting the ``PYTHONUSERBASE`` environment -variable, which updates the value of ``site.USER_BASE``. To isolate packages to a specific -application, simply set the OS environment of that application to a specific value of -``PYTHONUSERBASE``, that contains just those packages. - -Use "virtualenv" -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -"virtualenv" is a 3rd-party python package that effectively "clones" a python installation, thereby -creating an isolated location to intall packages. The evolution of "virtualenv" started before the existence -of the User installation scheme. "virtualenv" provides a version of ``easy_install`` that is -scoped to the cloned python install and is used in the normal way. "virtualenv" does offer various features -that the User installation scheme alone does not provide, e.g. the ability to hide the main python site-packages. - -Please refer to the `virtualenv`_ documentation for more details. - -.. _virtualenv: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv - - - -Package Index "API" -------------------- - -Custom package indexes (and PyPI) must follow the following rules for -EasyInstall to be able to look up and download packages: - -1. Except where stated otherwise, "pages" are HTML or XHTML, and "links" - refer to ``href`` attributes. - -2. Individual project version pages' URLs must be of the form - ``base/projectname/version``, where ``base`` is the package index's base URL. - -3. Omitting the ``/version`` part of a project page's URL (but keeping the - trailing ``/``) should result in a page that is either: - - a) The single active version of that project, as though the version had been - explicitly included, OR - - b) A page with links to all of the active version pages for that project. - -4. Individual project version pages should contain direct links to downloadable - distributions where possible. It is explicitly permitted for a project's - "long_description" to include URLs, and these should be formatted as HTML - links by the package index, as EasyInstall does no special processing to - identify what parts of a page are index-specific and which are part of the - project's supplied description. - -5. Where available, MD5 information should be added to download URLs by - appending a fragment identifier of the form ``#md5=...``, where ``...`` is - the 32-character hex MD5 digest. EasyInstall will verify that the - downloaded file's MD5 digest matches the given value. - -6. Individual project version pages should identify any "homepage" or - "download" URLs using ``rel="homepage"`` and ``rel="download"`` attributes - on the HTML elements linking to those URLs. Use of these attributes will - cause EasyInstall to always follow the provided links, unless it can be - determined by inspection that they are downloadable distributions. If the - links are not to downloadable distributions, they are retrieved, and if they - are HTML, they are scanned for download links. They are *not* scanned for - additional "homepage" or "download" links, as these are only processed for - pages that are part of a package index site. - -7. The root URL of the index, if retrieved with a trailing ``/``, must result - in a page containing links to *all* projects' active version pages. - - (Note: This requirement is a workaround for the absence of case-insensitive - ``safe_name()`` matching of project names in URL paths. If project names are - matched in this fashion (e.g. via the PyPI server, mod_rewrite, or a similar - mechanism), then it is not necessary to include this all-packages listing - page.) - -8. If a package index is accessed via a ``file://`` URL, then EasyInstall will - automatically use ``index.html`` files, if present, when trying to read a - directory with a trailing ``/`` on the URL. - - -Backward Compatibility -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Package indexes that wish to support setuptools versions prior to 0.6b4 should -also follow these rules: - -* Homepage and download links must be preceded with ``"<th>Home Page"`` or - ``"<th>Download URL"``, in addition to (or instead of) the ``rel=""`` - attributes on the actual links. These marker strings do not need to be - visible, or uncommented, however! For example, the following is a valid - homepage link that will work with any version of setuptools:: - - <li> - <strong>Home Page:</strong> - <!-- <th>Home Page --> - <a rel="homepage" href="http://sqlobject.org">http://sqlobject.org</a> - </li> - - Even though the marker string is in an HTML comment, older versions of - EasyInstall will still "see" it and know that the link that follows is the - project's home page URL. - -* The pages described by paragraph 3(b) of the preceding section *must* - contain the string ``"Index of Packages</title>"`` somewhere in their text. - This can be inside of an HTML comment, if desired, and it can be anywhere - in the page. (Note: this string MUST NOT appear on normal project pages, as - described in paragraphs 2 and 3(a)!) - -In addition, for compatibility with PyPI versions that do not use ``#md5=`` -fragment IDs, EasyInstall uses the following regular expression to match PyPI's -displayed MD5 info (broken onto two lines for readability):: - - <a href="([^"#]+)">([^<]+)</a>\n\s+\(<a href="[^?]+\?:action=show_md5 - &digest=([0-9a-f]{32})">md5</a>\) - -History -======= - -0.6c9 - * Fixed ``win32.exe`` support for .pth files, so unnecessary directory nesting - is flattened out in the resulting egg. (There was a case-sensitivity - problem that affected some distributions, notably ``pywin32``.) - - * Prevent ``--help-commands`` and other junk from showing under Python 2.5 - when running ``easy_install --help``. - - * Fixed GUI scripts sometimes not executing on Windows - - * Fixed not picking up dependency links from recursive dependencies. - - * Only make ``.py``, ``.dll`` and ``.so`` files executable when unpacking eggs - - * Changes for Jython compatibility - - * Improved error message when a requirement is also a directory name, but the - specified directory is not a source package. - - * Fixed ``--allow-hosts`` option blocking ``file:`` URLs - - * Fixed HTTP SVN detection failing when the page title included a project - name (e.g. on SourceForge-hosted SVN) - - * Fix Jython script installation to handle ``#!`` lines better when - ``sys.executable`` is a script. - - * Removed use of deprecated ``md5`` module if ``hashlib`` is available - - * Keep site directories (e.g. ``site-packages``) from being included in - ``.pth`` files. - -0.6c7 - * ``ftp:`` download URLs now work correctly. - - * The default ``--index-url`` is now ``http://pypi.python.org/simple``, to use - the Python Package Index's new simpler (and faster!) REST API. - -0.6c6 - * EasyInstall no longer aborts the installation process if a URL it wants to - retrieve can't be downloaded, unless the URL is an actual package download. - Instead, it issues a warning and tries to keep going. - - * Fixed distutils-style scripts originally built on Windows having their line - endings doubled when installed on any platform. - - * Added ``--local-snapshots-ok`` flag, to allow building eggs from projects - installed using ``setup.py develop``. - - * Fixed not HTML-decoding URLs scraped from web pages - -0.6c5 - * Fixed ``.dll`` files on Cygwin not having executable permisions when an egg - is installed unzipped. - -0.6c4 - * Added support for HTTP "Basic" authentication using ``http://user:pass@host`` - URLs. If a password-protected page contains links to the same host (and - protocol), those links will inherit the credentials used to access the - original page. - - * Removed all special support for Sourceforge mirrors, as Sourceforge's - mirror system now works well for non-browser downloads. - - * Fixed not recognizing ``win32.exe`` installers that included a custom - bitmap. - - * Fixed not allowing ``os.open()`` of paths outside the sandbox, even if they - are opened read-only (e.g. reading ``/dev/urandom`` for random numbers, as - is done by ``os.urandom()`` on some platforms). - - * Fixed a problem with ``.pth`` testing on Windows when ``sys.executable`` - has a space in it (e.g., the user installed Python to a ``Program Files`` - directory). - -0.6c3 - * You can once again use "python -m easy_install" with Python 2.4 and above. - - * Python 2.5 compatibility fixes added. - -0.6c2 - * Windows script wrappers now support quoted arguments and arguments - containing spaces. (Patch contributed by Jim Fulton.) - - * The ``ez_setup.py`` script now actually works when you put a setuptools - ``.egg`` alongside it for bootstrapping an offline machine. - - * A writable installation directory on ``sys.path`` is no longer required to - download and extract a source distribution using ``--editable``. - - * Generated scripts now use ``-x`` on the ``#!`` line when ``sys.executable`` - contains non-ASCII characters, to prevent deprecation warnings about an - unspecified encoding when the script is run. - -0.6c1 - * EasyInstall now includes setuptools version information in the - ``User-Agent`` string sent to websites it visits. - -0.6b4 - * Fix creating Python wrappers for non-Python scripts - - * Fix ``ftp://`` directory listing URLs from causing a crash when used in the - "Home page" or "Download URL" slots on PyPI. - - * Fix ``sys.path_importer_cache`` not being updated when an existing zipfile - or directory is deleted/overwritten. - - * Fix not recognizing HTML 404 pages from package indexes. - - * Allow ``file://`` URLs to be used as a package index. URLs that refer to - directories will use an internally-generated directory listing if there is - no ``index.html`` file in the directory. - - * Allow external links in a package index to be specified using - ``rel="homepage"`` or ``rel="download"``, without needing the old - PyPI-specific visible markup. - - * Suppressed warning message about possibly-misspelled project name, if an egg - or link for that project name has already been seen. - -0.6b3 - * Fix local ``--find-links`` eggs not being copied except with - ``--always-copy``. - - * Fix sometimes not detecting local packages installed outside of "site" - directories. - - * Fix mysterious errors during initial ``setuptools`` install, caused by - ``ez_setup`` trying to run ``easy_install`` twice, due to a code fallthru - after deleting the egg from which it's running. - -0.6b2 - * Don't install or update a ``site.py`` patch when installing to a - ``PYTHONPATH`` directory with ``--multi-version``, unless an - ``easy-install.pth`` file is already in use there. - - * Construct ``.pth`` file paths in such a way that installing an egg whose - name begins with ``import`` doesn't cause a syntax error. - - * Fixed a bogus warning message that wasn't updated since the 0.5 versions. - -0.6b1 - * Better ambiguity management: accept ``#egg`` name/version even if processing - what appears to be a correctly-named distutils file, and ignore ``.egg`` - files with no ``-``, since valid Python ``.egg`` files always have a version - number (but Scheme eggs often don't). - - * Support ``file://`` links to directories in ``--find-links``, so that - easy_install can build packages from local source checkouts. - - * Added automatic retry for Sourceforge mirrors. The new download process is - to first just try dl.sourceforge.net, then randomly select mirror IPs and - remove ones that fail, until something works. The removed IPs stay removed - for the remainder of the run. - - * Ignore bdist_dumb distributions when looking at download URLs. - -0.6a11 - * Process ``dependency_links.txt`` if found in a distribution, by adding the - URLs to the list for scanning. - - * Use relative paths in ``.pth`` files when eggs are being installed to the - same directory as the ``.pth`` file. This maximizes portability of the - target directory when building applications that contain eggs. - - * Added ``easy_install-N.N`` script(s) for convenience when using multiple - Python versions. - - * Added automatic handling of installation conflicts. Eggs are now shifted to - the front of sys.path, in an order consistent with where they came from, - making EasyInstall seamlessly co-operate with system package managers. - - The ``--delete-conflicting`` and ``--ignore-conflicts-at-my-risk`` options - are now no longer necessary, and will generate warnings at the end of a - run if you use them. - - * Don't recursively traverse subdirectories given to ``--find-links``. - -0.6a10 - * Added exhaustive testing of the install directory, including a spawn test - for ``.pth`` file support, and directory writability/existence checks. This - should virtually eliminate the need to set or configure ``--site-dirs``. - - * Added ``--prefix`` option for more do-what-I-mean-ishness in the absence of - RTFM-ing. :) - - * Enhanced ``PYTHONPATH`` support so that you don't have to put any eggs on it - manually to make it work. ``--multi-version`` is no longer a silent - default; you must explicitly use it if installing to a non-PYTHONPATH, - non-"site" directory. - - * Expand ``$variables`` used in the ``--site-dirs``, ``--build-directory``, - ``--install-dir``, and ``--script-dir`` options, whether on the command line - or in configuration files. - - * Improved SourceForge mirror processing to work faster and be less affected - by transient HTML changes made by SourceForge. - - * PyPI searches now use the exact spelling of requirements specified on the - command line or in a project's ``install_requires``. Previously, a - normalized form of the name was used, which could lead to unnecessary - full-index searches when a project's name had an underscore (``_``) in it. - - * EasyInstall can now download bare ``.py`` files and wrap them in an egg, - as long as you include an ``#egg=name-version`` suffix on the URL, or if - the ``.py`` file is listed as the "Download URL" on the project's PyPI page. - This allows third parties to "package" trivial Python modules just by - linking to them (e.g. from within their own PyPI page or download links - page). - - * The ``--always-copy`` option now skips "system" and "development" eggs since - they can't be reliably copied. Note that this may cause EasyInstall to - choose an older version of a package than what you expected, or it may cause - downloading and installation of a fresh version of what's already installed. - - * The ``--find-links`` option previously scanned all supplied URLs and - directories as early as possible, but now only directories and direct - archive links are scanned immediately. URLs are not retrieved unless a - package search was already going to go online due to a package not being - available locally, or due to the use of the ``--update`` or ``-U`` option. - - * Fixed the annoying ``--help-commands`` wart. - -0.6a9 - * Fixed ``.pth`` file processing picking up nested eggs (i.e. ones inside - "baskets") when they weren't explicitly listed in the ``.pth`` file. - - * If more than one URL appears to describe the exact same distribution, prefer - the shortest one. This helps to avoid "table of contents" CGI URLs like the - ones on effbot.org. - - * Quote arguments to python.exe (including python's path) to avoid problems - when Python (or a script) is installed in a directory whose name contains - spaces on Windows. - - * Support full roundtrip translation of eggs to and from ``bdist_wininst`` - format. Running ``bdist_wininst`` on a setuptools-based package wraps the - egg in an .exe that will safely install it as an egg (i.e., with metadata - and entry-point wrapper scripts), and ``easy_install`` can turn the .exe - back into an ``.egg`` file or directory and install it as such. - -0.6a8 - * Update for changed SourceForge mirror format - - * Fixed not installing dependencies for some packages fetched via Subversion - - * Fixed dependency installation with ``--always-copy`` not using the same - dependency resolution procedure as other operations. - - * Fixed not fully removing temporary directories on Windows, if a Subversion - checkout left read-only files behind - - * Fixed some problems building extensions when Pyrex was installed, especially - with Python 2.4 and/or packages using SWIG. - -0.6a7 - * Fixed not being able to install Windows script wrappers using Python 2.3 - -0.6a6 - * Added support for "traditional" PYTHONPATH-based non-root installation, and - also the convenient ``virtual-python.py`` script, based on a contribution - by Ian Bicking. The setuptools egg now contains a hacked ``site`` module - that makes the PYTHONPATH-based approach work with .pth files, so that you - can get the full EasyInstall feature set on such installations. - - * Added ``--no-deps`` and ``--allow-hosts`` options. - - * Improved Windows ``.exe`` script wrappers so that the script can have the - same name as a module without confusing Python. - - * Changed dependency processing so that it's breadth-first, allowing a - depender's preferences to override those of a dependee, to prevent conflicts - when a lower version is acceptable to the dependee, but not the depender. - Also, ensure that currently installed/selected packages aren't given - precedence over ones desired by a package being installed, which could - cause conflict errors. - -0.6a3 - * Improved error message when trying to use old ways of running - ``easy_install``. Removed the ability to run via ``python -m`` or by - running ``easy_install.py``; ``easy_install`` is the command to run on all - supported platforms. - - * Improved wrapper script generation and runtime initialization so that a - VersionConflict doesn't occur if you later install a competing version of a - needed package as the default version of that package. - - * Fixed a problem parsing version numbers in ``#egg=`` links. - -0.6a2 - * EasyInstall can now install "console_scripts" defined by packages that use - ``setuptools`` and define appropriate entry points. On Windows, console - scripts get an ``.exe`` wrapper so you can just type their name. On other - platforms, the scripts are installed without a file extension. - - * Using ``python -m easy_install`` or running ``easy_install.py`` is now - DEPRECATED, since an ``easy_install`` wrapper is now available on all - platforms. - -0.6a1 - * EasyInstall now does MD5 validation of downloads from PyPI, or from any link - that has an "#md5=..." trailer with a 32-digit lowercase hex md5 digest. - - * EasyInstall now handles symlinks in target directories by removing the link, - rather than attempting to overwrite the link's destination. This makes it - easier to set up an alternate Python "home" directory (as described above in - the `Non-Root Installation`_ section). - - * Added support for handling MacOS platform information in ``.egg`` filenames, - based on a contribution by Kevin Dangoor. You may wish to delete and - reinstall any eggs whose filename includes "darwin" and "Power_Macintosh", - because the format for this platform information has changed so that minor - OS X upgrades (such as 10.4.1 to 10.4.2) do not cause eggs built with a - previous OS version to become obsolete. - - * easy_install's dependency processing algorithms have changed. When using - ``--always-copy``, it now ensures that dependencies are copied too. When - not using ``--always-copy``, it tries to use a single resolution loop, - rather than recursing. - - * Fixed installing extra ``.pyc`` or ``.pyo`` files for scripts with ``.py`` - extensions. - - * Added ``--site-dirs`` option to allow adding custom "site" directories. - Made ``easy-install.pth`` work in platform-specific alternate site - directories (e.g. ``~/Library/Python/2.x/site-packages`` on Mac OS X). - - * If you manually delete the current version of a package, the next run of - EasyInstall against the target directory will now remove the stray entry - from the ``easy-install.pth`` file. - - * EasyInstall now recognizes URLs with a ``#egg=project_name`` fragment ID - as pointing to the named project's source checkout. Such URLs have a lower - match precedence than any other kind of distribution, so they'll only be - used if they have a higher version number than any other available - distribution, or if you use the ``--editable`` option. The ``#egg`` - fragment can contain a version if it's formatted as ``#egg=proj-ver``, - where ``proj`` is the project name, and ``ver`` is the version number. You - *must* use the format for these values that the ``bdist_egg`` command uses; - i.e., all non-alphanumeric runs must be condensed to single underscore - characters. - - * Added the ``--editable`` option; see `Editing and Viewing Source Packages`_ - above for more info. Also, slightly changed the behavior of the - ``--build-directory`` option. - - * Fixed the setup script sandbox facility not recognizing certain paths as - valid on case-insensitive platforms. - -0.5a12 - * Fix ``python -m easy_install`` not working due to setuptools being installed - as a zipfile. Update safety scanner to check for modules that might be used - as ``python -m`` scripts. - - * Misc. fixes for win32.exe support, including changes to support Python 2.4's - changed ``bdist_wininst`` format. - -0.5a10 - * Put the ``easy_install`` module back in as a module, as it's needed for - ``python -m`` to run it! - - * Allow ``--find-links/-f`` to accept local directories or filenames as well - as URLs. - -0.5a9 - * EasyInstall now automatically detects when an "unmanaged" package or - module is going to be on ``sys.path`` ahead of a package you're installing, - thereby preventing the newer version from being imported. By default, it - will abort installation to alert you of the problem, but there are also - new options (``--delete-conflicting`` and ``--ignore-conflicts-at-my-risk``) - available to change the default behavior. (Note: this new feature doesn't - take effect for egg files that were built with older ``setuptools`` - versions, because they lack the new metadata file required to implement it.) - - * The ``easy_install`` distutils command now uses ``DistutilsError`` as its - base error type for errors that should just issue a message to stderr and - exit the program without a traceback. - - * EasyInstall can now be given a path to a directory containing a setup - script, and it will attempt to build and install the package there. - - * EasyInstall now performs a safety analysis on module contents to determine - whether a package is likely to run in zipped form, and displays - information about what modules may be doing introspection that would break - when running as a zipfile. - - * Added the ``--always-unzip/-Z`` option, to force unzipping of packages that - would ordinarily be considered safe to unzip, and changed the meaning of - ``--zip-ok/-z`` to "always leave everything zipped". - -0.5a8 - * There is now a separate documentation page for `setuptools`_; revision - history that's not specific to EasyInstall has been moved to that page. - - .. _setuptools: http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/setuptools - -0.5a5 - * Made ``easy_install`` a standard ``setuptools`` command, moving it from - the ``easy_install`` module to ``setuptools.command.easy_install``. Note - that if you were importing or extending it, you must now change your imports - accordingly. ``easy_install.py`` is still installed as a script, but not as - a module. - -0.5a4 - * Added ``--always-copy/-a`` option to always copy needed packages to the - installation directory, even if they're already present elsewhere on - sys.path. (In previous versions, this was the default behavior, but now - you must request it.) - - * Added ``--upgrade/-U`` option to force checking PyPI for latest available - version(s) of all packages requested by name and version, even if a matching - version is available locally. - - * Added automatic installation of dependencies declared by a distribution - being installed. These dependencies must be listed in the distribution's - ``EGG-INFO`` directory, so the distribution has to have declared its - dependencies by using setuptools. If a package has requirements it didn't - declare, you'll still have to deal with them yourself. (E.g., by asking - EasyInstall to find and install them.) - - * Added the ``--record`` option to ``easy_install`` for the benefit of tools - that run ``setup.py install --record=filename`` on behalf of another - packaging system.) - -0.5a3 - * Fixed not setting script permissions to allow execution. - - * Improved sandboxing so that setup scripts that want a temporary directory - (e.g. pychecker) can still run in the sandbox. - -0.5a2 - * Fix stupid stupid refactoring-at-the-last-minute typos. :( - -0.5a1 - * Added support for converting ``.win32.exe`` installers to eggs on the fly. - EasyInstall will now recognize such files by name and install them. - - * Fixed a problem with picking the "best" version to install (versions were - being sorted as strings, rather than as parsed values) - -0.4a4 - * Added support for the distutils "verbose/quiet" and "dry-run" options, as - well as the "optimize" flag. - - * Support downloading packages that were uploaded to PyPI (by scanning all - links on package pages, not just the homepage/download links). - -0.4a3 - * Add progress messages to the search/download process so that you can tell - what URLs it's reading to find download links. (Hopefully, this will help - people report out-of-date and broken links to package authors, and to tell - when they've asked for a package that doesn't exist.) - -0.4a2 - * Added support for installing scripts - - * Added support for setting options via distutils configuration files, and - using distutils' default options as a basis for EasyInstall's defaults. - - * Renamed ``--scan-url/-s`` to ``--find-links/-f`` to free up ``-s`` for the - script installation directory option. - - * Use ``urllib2`` instead of ``urllib``, to allow use of ``https:`` URLs if - Python includes SSL support. - -0.4a1 - * Added ``--scan-url`` and ``--index-url`` options, to scan download pages - and search PyPI for needed packages. - -0.3a4 - * Restrict ``--build-directory=DIR/-b DIR`` option to only be used with single - URL installs, to avoid running the wrong setup.py. - -0.3a3 - * Added ``--build-directory=DIR/-b DIR`` option. - - * Added "installation report" that explains how to use 'require()' when doing - a multiversion install or alternate installation directory. - - * Added SourceForge mirror auto-select (Contributed by Ian Bicking) - - * Added "sandboxing" that stops a setup script from running if it attempts to - write to the filesystem outside of the build area - - * Added more workarounds for packages with quirky ``install_data`` hacks - -0.3a2 - * Added subversion download support for ``svn:`` and ``svn+`` URLs, as well as - automatic recognition of HTTP subversion URLs (Contributed by Ian Bicking) - - * Misc. bug fixes - -0.3a1 - * Initial release. - - -Future Plans -============ - -* Additional utilities to list/remove/verify packages -* Signature checking? SSL? Ability to suppress PyPI search? -* Display byte progress meter when downloading distributions and long pages? -* Redirect stdout/stderr to log during run_setup? - diff --git a/docs/index.txt b/docs/index.txt index f3aa78d1..e075e433 100644 --- a/docs/index.txt +++ b/docs/index.txt @@ -4,19 +4,7 @@ Welcome to Distribute's documentation! `Distribute` is a deprecated fork of the `Setuptools` project. Since the Setuptools 0.7 release, Setuptools and Distribute have merged -and Distribute is no longer being maintained. This documentation is kept here -for posterity, but all ongoing effort should reference the +and Distribute is no longer being maintained. All ongoing effort should +reference the `Setuptools project <https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools>`_ and the `Setuptools documentation <https://pythonhosted.org/setuptools>`_. - -Documentation content: - -.. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 - - roadmap - python3 - using - setuptools - easy_install - pkg_resources diff --git a/docs/pkg_resources.txt b/docs/pkg_resources.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 480f9547..00000000 --- a/docs/pkg_resources.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1955 +0,0 @@ -============================================================= -Package Discovery and Resource Access using ``pkg_resources`` -============================================================= - -The ``pkg_resources`` module distributed with ``setuptools`` provides an API -for Python libraries to access their resource files, and for extensible -applications and frameworks to automatically discover plugins. It also -provides runtime support for using C extensions that are inside zipfile-format -eggs, support for merging packages that have separately-distributed modules or -subpackages, and APIs for managing Python's current "working set" of active -packages. - - -.. contents:: **Table of Contents** - - --------- -Overview --------- - -Eggs are a distribution format for Python modules, similar in concept to Java's -"jars" or Ruby's "gems". They differ from previous Python distribution formats -in that they are importable (i.e. they can be added to ``sys.path``), and they -are *discoverable*, meaning that they carry metadata that unambiguously -identifies their contents and dependencies, and thus can be *automatically* -found and added to ``sys.path`` in response to simple requests of the form, -"get me everything I need to use docutils' PDF support". - -The ``pkg_resources`` module provides runtime facilities for finding, -introspecting, activating and using eggs and other "pluggable" distribution -formats. Because these are new concepts in Python (and not that well- -established in other languages either), it helps to have a few special terms -for talking about eggs and how they can be used: - -project - A library, framework, script, plugin, application, or collection of data - or other resources, or some combination thereof. Projects are assumed to - have "relatively unique" names, e.g. names registered with PyPI. - -release - A snapshot of a project at a particular point in time, denoted by a version - identifier. - -distribution - A file or files that represent a particular release. - -importable distribution - A file or directory that, if placed on ``sys.path``, allows Python to - import any modules contained within it. - -pluggable distribution - An importable distribution whose filename unambiguously identifies its - release (i.e. project and version), and whose contents unamabiguously - specify what releases of other projects will satisfy its runtime - requirements. - -extra - An "extra" is an optional feature of a release, that may impose additional - runtime requirements. For example, if docutils PDF support required a - PDF support library to be present, docutils could define its PDF support as - an "extra", and list what other project releases need to be available in - order to provide it. - -environment - A collection of distributions potentially available for importing, but not - necessarily active. More than one distribution (i.e. release version) for - a given project may be present in an environment. - -working set - A collection of distributions actually available for importing, as on - ``sys.path``. At most one distribution (release version) of a given - project may be present in a working set, as otherwise there would be - ambiguity as to what to import. - -eggs - Eggs are pluggable distributions in one of the three formats currently - supported by ``pkg_resources``. There are built eggs, development eggs, - and egg links. Built eggs are directories or zipfiles whose name ends - with ``.egg`` and follows the egg naming conventions, and contain an - ``EGG-INFO`` subdirectory (zipped or otherwise). Development eggs are - normal directories of Python code with one or more ``ProjectName.egg-info`` - subdirectories. And egg links are ``*.egg-link`` files that contain the - name of a built or development egg, to support symbolic linking on - platforms that do not have native symbolic links. - -(For more information about these terms and concepts, see also this -`architectural overview`_ of ``pkg_resources`` and Python Eggs in general.) - -.. _architectural overview: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/distutils-sig/2005-June/004652.html - - -.. ----------------- -.. Developer's Guide -.. ----------------- - -.. This section isn't written yet. Currently planned topics include - Accessing Resources - Finding and Activating Package Distributions - get_provider() - require() - WorkingSet - iter_distributions - Running Scripts - Configuration - Namespace Packages - Extensible Applications and Frameworks - Locating entry points - Activation listeners - Metadata access - Extended Discovery and Installation - Supporting Custom PEP 302 Implementations -.. For now, please check out the extensive `API Reference`_ below. - - -------------- -API Reference -------------- - -Namespace Package Support -========================= - -A namespace package is a package that only contains other packages and modules, -with no direct contents of its own. Such packages can be split across -multiple, separately-packaged distributions. Normally, you do not need to use -the namespace package APIs directly; instead you should supply the -``namespace_packages`` argument to ``setup()`` in your project's ``setup.py``. -See the `setuptools documentation on namespace packages`_ for more information. - -However, if for some reason you need to manipulate namespace packages or -directly alter ``sys.path`` at runtime, you may find these APIs useful: - -``declare_namespace(name)`` - Declare that the dotted package name `name` is a "namespace package" whose - contained packages and modules may be spread across multiple distributions. - The named package's ``__path__`` will be extended to include the - corresponding package in all distributions on ``sys.path`` that contain a - package of that name. (More precisely, if an importer's - ``find_module(name)`` returns a loader, then it will also be searched for - the package's contents.) Whenever a Distribution's ``activate()`` method - is invoked, it checks for the presence of namespace packages and updates - their ``__path__`` contents accordingly. - -Applications that manipulate namespace packages or directly alter ``sys.path`` -at runtime may also need to use this API function: - -``fixup_namespace_packages(path_item)`` - Declare that `path_item` is a newly added item on ``sys.path`` that may - need to be used to update existing namespace packages. Ordinarily, this is - called for you when an egg is automatically added to ``sys.path``, but if - your application modifies ``sys.path`` to include locations that may - contain portions of a namespace package, you will need to call this - function to ensure they are added to the existing namespace packages. - -Although by default ``pkg_resources`` only supports namespace packages for -filesystem and zip importers, you can extend its support to other "importers" -compatible with PEP 302 using the ``register_namespace_handler()`` function. -See the section below on `Supporting Custom Importers`_ for details. - -.. _setuptools documentation on namespace packages: http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/setuptools#namespace-packages - - -``WorkingSet`` Objects -====================== - -The ``WorkingSet`` class provides access to a collection of "active" -distributions. In general, there is only one meaningful ``WorkingSet`` -instance: the one that represents the distributions that are currently active -on ``sys.path``. This global instance is available under the name -``working_set`` in the ``pkg_resources`` module. However, specialized -tools may wish to manipulate working sets that don't correspond to -``sys.path``, and therefore may wish to create other ``WorkingSet`` instances. - -It's important to note that the global ``working_set`` object is initialized -from ``sys.path`` when ``pkg_resources`` is first imported, but is only updated -if you do all future ``sys.path`` manipulation via ``pkg_resources`` APIs. If -you manually modify ``sys.path``, you must invoke the appropriate methods on -the ``working_set`` instance to keep it in sync. Unfortunately, Python does -not provide any way to detect arbitrary changes to a list object like -``sys.path``, so ``pkg_resources`` cannot automatically update the -``working_set`` based on changes to ``sys.path``. - -``WorkingSet(entries=None)`` - Create a ``WorkingSet`` from an iterable of path entries. If `entries` - is not supplied, it defaults to the value of ``sys.path`` at the time - the constructor is called. - - Note that you will not normally construct ``WorkingSet`` instances - yourself, but instead you will implicitly or explicitly use the global - ``working_set`` instance. For the most part, the ``pkg_resources`` API - is designed so that the ``working_set`` is used by default, such that you - don't have to explicitly refer to it most of the time. - - -Basic ``WorkingSet`` Methods ----------------------------- - -The following methods of ``WorkingSet`` objects are also available as module- -level functions in ``pkg_resources`` that apply to the default ``working_set`` -instance. Thus, you can use e.g. ``pkg_resources.require()`` as an -abbreviation for ``pkg_resources.working_set.require()``: - - -``require(*requirements)`` - Ensure that distributions matching `requirements` are activated - - `requirements` must be a string or a (possibly-nested) sequence - thereof, specifying the distributions and versions required. The - return value is a sequence of the distributions that needed to be - activated to fulfill the requirements; all relevant distributions are - included, even if they were already activated in this working set. - - For the syntax of requirement specifiers, see the section below on - `Requirements Parsing`_. - - In general, it should not be necessary for you to call this method - directly. It's intended more for use in quick-and-dirty scripting and - interactive interpreter hacking than for production use. If you're creating - an actual library or application, it's strongly recommended that you create - a "setup.py" script using ``setuptools``, and declare all your requirements - there. That way, tools like EasyInstall can automatically detect what - requirements your package has, and deal with them accordingly. - - Note that calling ``require('SomePackage')`` will not install - ``SomePackage`` if it isn't already present. If you need to do this, you - should use the ``resolve()`` method instead, which allows you to pass an - ``installer`` callback that will be invoked when a needed distribution - can't be found on the local machine. You can then have this callback - display a dialog, automatically download the needed distribution, or - whatever else is appropriate for your application. See the documentation - below on the ``resolve()`` method for more information, and also on the - ``obtain()`` method of ``Environment`` objects. - -``run_script(requires, script_name)`` - Locate distribution specified by `requires` and run its `script_name` - script. `requires` must be a string containing a requirement specifier. - (See `Requirements Parsing`_ below for the syntax.) - - The script, if found, will be executed in *the caller's globals*. That's - because this method is intended to be called from wrapper scripts that - act as a proxy for the "real" scripts in a distribution. A wrapper script - usually doesn't need to do anything but invoke this function with the - correct arguments. - - If you need more control over the script execution environment, you - probably want to use the ``run_script()`` method of a ``Distribution`` - object's `Metadata API`_ instead. - -``iter_entry_points(group, name=None)`` - Yield entry point objects from `group` matching `name` - - If `name` is None, yields all entry points in `group` from all - distributions in the working set, otherwise only ones matching both - `group` and `name` are yielded. Entry points are yielded from the active - distributions in the order that the distributions appear in the working - set. (For the global ``working_set``, this should be the same as the order - that they are listed in ``sys.path``.) Note that within the entry points - advertised by an individual distribution, there is no particular ordering. - - Please see the section below on `Entry Points`_ for more information. - - -``WorkingSet`` Methods and Attributes -------------------------------------- - -These methods are used to query or manipulate the contents of a specific -working set, so they must be explicitly invoked on a particular ``WorkingSet`` -instance: - -``add_entry(entry)`` - Add a path item to the ``entries``, finding any distributions on it. You - should use this when you add additional items to ``sys.path`` and you want - the global ``working_set`` to reflect the change. This method is also - called by the ``WorkingSet()`` constructor during initialization. - - This method uses ``find_distributions(entry,True)`` to find distributions - corresponding to the path entry, and then ``add()`` them. `entry` is - always appended to the ``entries`` attribute, even if it is already - present, however. (This is because ``sys.path`` can contain the same value - more than once, and the ``entries`` attribute should be able to reflect - this.) - -``__contains__(dist)`` - True if `dist` is active in this ``WorkingSet``. Note that only one - distribution for a given project can be active in a given ``WorkingSet``. - -``__iter__()`` - Yield distributions for non-duplicate projects in the working set. - The yield order is the order in which the items' path entries were - added to the working set. - -``find(req)`` - Find a distribution matching `req` (a ``Requirement`` instance). - If there is an active distribution for the requested project, this - returns it, as long as it meets the version requirement specified by - `req`. But, if there is an active distribution for the project and it - does *not* meet the `req` requirement, ``VersionConflict`` is raised. - If there is no active distribution for the requested project, ``None`` - is returned. - -``resolve(requirements, env=None, installer=None)`` - List all distributions needed to (recursively) meet `requirements` - - `requirements` must be a sequence of ``Requirement`` objects. `env`, - if supplied, should be an ``Environment`` instance. If - not supplied, an ``Environment`` is created from the working set's - ``entries``. `installer`, if supplied, will be invoked with each - requirement that cannot be met by an already-installed distribution; it - should return a ``Distribution`` or ``None``. (See the ``obtain()`` method - of `Environment Objects`_, below, for more information on the `installer` - argument.) - -``add(dist, entry=None)`` - Add `dist` to working set, associated with `entry` - - If `entry` is unspecified, it defaults to ``dist.location``. On exit from - this routine, `entry` is added to the end of the working set's ``.entries`` - (if it wasn't already present). - - `dist` is only added to the working set if it's for a project that - doesn't already have a distribution active in the set. If it's - successfully added, any callbacks registered with the ``subscribe()`` - method will be called. (See `Receiving Change Notifications`_, below.) - - Note: ``add()`` is automatically called for you by the ``require()`` - method, so you don't normally need to use this method directly. - -``entries`` - This attribute represents a "shadow" ``sys.path``, primarily useful for - debugging. If you are experiencing import problems, you should check - the global ``working_set`` object's ``entries`` against ``sys.path``, to - ensure that they match. If they do not, then some part of your program - is manipulating ``sys.path`` without updating the ``working_set`` - accordingly. IMPORTANT NOTE: do not directly manipulate this attribute! - Setting it equal to ``sys.path`` will not fix your problem, any more than - putting black tape over an "engine warning" light will fix your car! If - this attribute is out of sync with ``sys.path``, it's merely an *indicator* - of the problem, not the cause of it. - - -Receiving Change Notifications ------------------------------- - -Extensible applications and frameworks may need to receive notification when -a new distribution (such as a plug-in component) has been added to a working -set. This is what the ``subscribe()`` method and ``add_activation_listener()`` -function are for. - -``subscribe(callback)`` - Invoke ``callback(distribution)`` once for each active distribution that is - in the set now, or gets added later. Because the callback is invoked for - already-active distributions, you do not need to loop over the working set - yourself to deal with the existing items; just register the callback and - be prepared for the fact that it will be called immediately by this method. - - Note that callbacks *must not* allow exceptions to propagate, or they will - interfere with the operation of other callbacks and possibly result in an - inconsistent working set state. Callbacks should use a try/except block - to ignore, log, or otherwise process any errors, especially since the code - that caused the callback to be invoked is unlikely to be able to handle - the errors any better than the callback itself. - -``pkg_resources.add_activation_listener()`` is an alternate spelling of -``pkg_resources.working_set.subscribe()``. - - -Locating Plugins ----------------- - -Extensible applications will sometimes have a "plugin directory" or a set of -plugin directories, from which they want to load entry points or other -metadata. The ``find_plugins()`` method allows you to do this, by scanning an -environment for the newest version of each project that can be safely loaded -without conflicts or missing requirements. - -``find_plugins(plugin_env, full_env=None, fallback=True)`` - Scan `plugin_env` and identify which distributions could be added to this - working set without version conflicts or missing requirements. - - Example usage:: - - distributions, errors = working_set.find_plugins( - Environment(plugin_dirlist) - ) - map(working_set.add, distributions) # add plugins+libs to sys.path - print "Couldn't load", errors # display errors - - The `plugin_env` should be an ``Environment`` instance that contains only - distributions that are in the project's "plugin directory" or directories. - The `full_env`, if supplied, should be an ``Environment`` instance that - contains all currently-available distributions. - - If `full_env` is not supplied, one is created automatically from the - ``WorkingSet`` this method is called on, which will typically mean that - every directory on ``sys.path`` will be scanned for distributions. - - This method returns a 2-tuple: (`distributions`, `error_info`), where - `distributions` is a list of the distributions found in `plugin_env` that - were loadable, along with any other distributions that are needed to resolve - their dependencies. `error_info` is a dictionary mapping unloadable plugin - distributions to an exception instance describing the error that occurred. - Usually this will be a ``DistributionNotFound`` or ``VersionConflict`` - instance. - - Most applications will use this method mainly on the master ``working_set`` - instance in ``pkg_resources``, and then immediately add the returned - distributions to the working set so that they are available on sys.path. - This will make it possible to find any entry points, and allow any other - metadata tracking and hooks to be activated. - - The resolution algorithm used by ``find_plugins()`` is as follows. First, - the project names of the distributions present in `plugin_env` are sorted. - Then, each project's eggs are tried in descending version order (i.e., - newest version first). - - An attempt is made to resolve each egg's dependencies. If the attempt is - successful, the egg and its dependencies are added to the output list and to - a temporary copy of the working set. The resolution process continues with - the next project name, and no older eggs for that project are tried. - - If the resolution attempt fails, however, the error is added to the error - dictionary. If the `fallback` flag is true, the next older version of the - plugin is tried, until a working version is found. If false, the resolution - process continues with the next plugin project name. - - Some applications may have stricter fallback requirements than others. For - example, an application that has a database schema or persistent objects - may not be able to safely downgrade a version of a package. Others may want - to ensure that a new plugin configuration is either 100% good or else - revert to a known-good configuration. (That is, they may wish to revert to - a known configuration if the `error_info` return value is non-empty.) - - Note that this algorithm gives precedence to satisfying the dependencies of - alphabetically prior project names in case of version conflicts. If two - projects named "AaronsPlugin" and "ZekesPlugin" both need different versions - of "TomsLibrary", then "AaronsPlugin" will win and "ZekesPlugin" will be - disabled due to version conflict. - - -``Environment`` Objects -======================= - -An "environment" is a collection of ``Distribution`` objects, usually ones -that are present and potentially importable on the current platform. -``Environment`` objects are used by ``pkg_resources`` to index available -distributions during dependency resolution. - -``Environment(search_path=None, platform=get_supported_platform(), python=PY_MAJOR)`` - Create an environment snapshot by scanning `search_path` for distributions - compatible with `platform` and `python`. `search_path` should be a - sequence of strings such as might be used on ``sys.path``. If a - `search_path` isn't supplied, ``sys.path`` is used. - - `platform` is an optional string specifying the name of the platform - that platform-specific distributions must be compatible with. If - unspecified, it defaults to the current platform. `python` is an - optional string naming the desired version of Python (e.g. ``'2.4'``); - it defaults to the currently-running version. - - You may explicitly set `platform` (and/or `python`) to ``None`` if you - wish to include *all* distributions, not just those compatible with the - running platform or Python version. - - Note that `search_path` is scanned immediately for distributions, and the - resulting ``Environment`` is a snapshot of the found distributions. It - is not automatically updated if the system's state changes due to e.g. - installation or removal of distributions. - -``__getitem__(project_name)`` - Returns a list of distributions for the given project name, ordered - from newest to oldest version. (And highest to lowest format precedence - for distributions that contain the same version of the project.) If there - are no distributions for the project, returns an empty list. - -``__iter__()`` - Yield the unique project names of the distributions in this environment. - The yielded names are always in lower case. - -``add(dist)`` - Add `dist` to the environment if it matches the platform and python version - specified at creation time, and only if the distribution hasn't already - been added. (i.e., adding the same distribution more than once is a no-op.) - -``remove(dist)`` - Remove `dist` from the environment. - -``can_add(dist)`` - Is distribution `dist` acceptable for this environment? If it's not - compatible with the ``platform`` and ``python`` version values specified - when the environment was created, a false value is returned. - -``__add__(dist_or_env)`` (``+`` operator) - Add a distribution or environment to an ``Environment`` instance, returning - a *new* environment object that contains all the distributions previously - contained by both. The new environment will have a ``platform`` and - ``python`` of ``None``, meaning that it will not reject any distributions - from being added to it; it will simply accept whatever is added. If you - want the added items to be filtered for platform and Python version, or - you want to add them to the *same* environment instance, you should use - in-place addition (``+=``) instead. - -``__iadd__(dist_or_env)`` (``+=`` operator) - Add a distribution or environment to an ``Environment`` instance - *in-place*, updating the existing instance and returning it. The - ``platform`` and ``python`` filter attributes take effect, so distributions - in the source that do not have a suitable platform string or Python version - are silently ignored. - -``best_match(req, working_set, installer=None)`` - Find distribution best matching `req` and usable on `working_set` - - This calls the ``find(req)`` method of the `working_set` to see if a - suitable distribution is already active. (This may raise - ``VersionConflict`` if an unsuitable version of the project is already - active in the specified `working_set`.) If a suitable distribution isn't - active, this method returns the newest distribution in the environment - that meets the ``Requirement`` in `req`. If no suitable distribution is - found, and `installer` is supplied, then the result of calling - the environment's ``obtain(req, installer)`` method will be returned. - -``obtain(requirement, installer=None)`` - Obtain a distro that matches requirement (e.g. via download). In the - base ``Environment`` class, this routine just returns - ``installer(requirement)``, unless `installer` is None, in which case - None is returned instead. This method is a hook that allows subclasses - to attempt other ways of obtaining a distribution before falling back - to the `installer` argument. - -``scan(search_path=None)`` - Scan `search_path` for distributions usable on `platform` - - Any distributions found are added to the environment. `search_path` should - be a sequence of strings such as might be used on ``sys.path``. If not - supplied, ``sys.path`` is used. Only distributions conforming to - the platform/python version defined at initialization are added. This - method is a shortcut for using the ``find_distributions()`` function to - find the distributions from each item in `search_path`, and then calling - ``add()`` to add each one to the environment. - - -``Requirement`` Objects -======================= - -``Requirement`` objects express what versions of a project are suitable for -some purpose. These objects (or their string form) are used by various -``pkg_resources`` APIs in order to find distributions that a script or -distribution needs. - - -Requirements Parsing --------------------- - -``parse_requirements(s)`` - Yield ``Requirement`` objects for a string or iterable of lines. Each - requirement must start on a new line. See below for syntax. - -``Requirement.parse(s)`` - Create a ``Requirement`` object from a string or iterable of lines. A - ``ValueError`` is raised if the string or lines do not contain a valid - requirement specifier, or if they contain more than one specifier. (To - parse multiple specifiers from a string or iterable of strings, use - ``parse_requirements()`` instead.) - - The syntax of a requirement specifier can be defined in EBNF as follows:: - - requirement ::= project_name versionspec? extras? - versionspec ::= comparison version (',' comparison version)* - comparison ::= '<' | '<=' | '!=' | '==' | '>=' | '>' - extras ::= '[' extralist? ']' - extralist ::= identifier (',' identifier)* - project_name ::= identifier - identifier ::= [-A-Za-z0-9_]+ - version ::= [-A-Za-z0-9_.]+ - - Tokens can be separated by whitespace, and a requirement can be continued - over multiple lines using a backslash (``\\``). Line-end comments (using - ``#``) are also allowed. - - Some examples of valid requirement specifiers:: - - FooProject >= 1.2 - Fizzy [foo, bar] - PickyThing<1.6,>1.9,!=1.9.6,<2.0a0,==2.4c1 - SomethingWhoseVersionIDontCareAbout - - The project name is the only required portion of a requirement string, and - if it's the only thing supplied, the requirement will accept any version - of that project. - - The "extras" in a requirement are used to request optional features of a - project, that may require additional project distributions in order to - function. For example, if the hypothetical "Report-O-Rama" project offered - optional PDF support, it might require an additional library in order to - provide that support. Thus, a project needing Report-O-Rama's PDF features - could use a requirement of ``Report-O-Rama[PDF]`` to request installation - or activation of both Report-O-Rama and any libraries it needs in order to - provide PDF support. For example, you could use:: - - easy_install.py Report-O-Rama[PDF] - - To install the necessary packages using the EasyInstall program, or call - ``pkg_resources.require('Report-O-Rama[PDF]')`` to add the necessary - distributions to sys.path at runtime. - - -``Requirement`` Methods and Attributes --------------------------------------- - -``__contains__(dist_or_version)`` - Return true if `dist_or_version` fits the criteria for this requirement. - If `dist_or_version` is a ``Distribution`` object, its project name must - match the requirement's project name, and its version must meet the - requirement's version criteria. If `dist_or_version` is a string, it is - parsed using the ``parse_version()`` utility function. Otherwise, it is - assumed to be an already-parsed version. - - The ``Requirement`` object's version specifiers (``.specs``) are internally - sorted into ascending version order, and used to establish what ranges of - versions are acceptable. Adjacent redundant conditions are effectively - consolidated (e.g. ``">1, >2"`` produces the same results as ``">1"``, and - ``"<2,<3"`` produces the same results as``"<3"``). ``"!="`` versions are - excised from the ranges they fall within. The version being tested for - acceptability is then checked for membership in the resulting ranges. - (Note that providing conflicting conditions for the same version (e.g. - ``"<2,>=2"`` or ``"==2,!=2"``) is meaningless and may therefore produce - bizarre results when compared with actual version number(s).) - -``__eq__(other_requirement)`` - A requirement compares equal to another requirement if they have - case-insensitively equal project names, version specifiers, and "extras". - (The order that extras and version specifiers are in is also ignored.) - Equal requirements also have equal hashes, so that requirements can be - used in sets or as dictionary keys. - -``__str__()`` - The string form of a ``Requirement`` is a string that, if passed to - ``Requirement.parse()``, would return an equal ``Requirement`` object. - -``project_name`` - The name of the required project - -``key`` - An all-lowercase version of the ``project_name``, useful for comparison - or indexing. - -``extras`` - A tuple of names of "extras" that this requirement calls for. (These will - be all-lowercase and normalized using the ``safe_extra()`` parsing utility - function, so they may not exactly equal the extras the requirement was - created with.) - -``specs`` - A list of ``(op,version)`` tuples, sorted in ascending parsed-version - order. The `op` in each tuple is a comparison operator, represented as - a string. The `version` is the (unparsed) version number. The relative - order of tuples containing the same version numbers is undefined, since - having more than one operator for a given version is either redundant or - self-contradictory. - - -Entry Points -============ - -Entry points are a simple way for distributions to "advertise" Python objects -(such as functions or classes) for use by other distributions. Extensible -applications and frameworks can search for entry points with a particular name -or group, either from a specific distribution or from all active distributions -on sys.path, and then inspect or load the advertised objects at will. - -Entry points belong to "groups" which are named with a dotted name similar to -a Python package or module name. For example, the ``setuptools`` package uses -an entry point named ``distutils.commands`` in order to find commands defined -by distutils extensions. ``setuptools`` treats the names of entry points -defined in that group as the acceptable commands for a setup script. - -In a similar way, other packages can define their own entry point groups, -either using dynamic names within the group (like ``distutils.commands``), or -possibly using predefined names within the group. For example, a blogging -framework that offers various pre- or post-publishing hooks might define an -entry point group and look for entry points named "pre_process" and -"post_process" within that group. - -To advertise an entry point, a project needs to use ``setuptools`` and provide -an ``entry_points`` argument to ``setup()`` in its setup script, so that the -entry points will be included in the distribution's metadata. For more -details, see the ``setuptools`` documentation. (XXX link here to setuptools) - -Each project distribution can advertise at most one entry point of a given -name within the same entry point group. For example, a distutils extension -could advertise two different ``distutils.commands`` entry points, as long as -they had different names. However, there is nothing that prevents *different* -projects from advertising entry points of the same name in the same group. In -some cases, this is a desirable thing, since the application or framework that -uses the entry points may be calling them as hooks, or in some other way -combining them. It is up to the application or framework to decide what to do -if multiple distributions advertise an entry point; some possibilities include -using both entry points, displaying an error message, using the first one found -in sys.path order, etc. - - -Convenience API ---------------- - -In the following functions, the `dist` argument can be a ``Distribution`` -instance, a ``Requirement`` instance, or a string specifying a requirement -(i.e. project name, version, etc.). If the argument is a string or -``Requirement``, the specified distribution is located (and added to sys.path -if not already present). An error will be raised if a matching distribution is -not available. - -The `group` argument should be a string containing a dotted identifier, -identifying an entry point group. If you are defining an entry point group, -you should include some portion of your package's name in the group name so as -to avoid collision with other packages' entry point groups. - -``load_entry_point(dist, group, name)`` - Load the named entry point from the specified distribution, or raise - ``ImportError``. - -``get_entry_info(dist, group, name)`` - Return an ``EntryPoint`` object for the given `group` and `name` from - the specified distribution. Returns ``None`` if the distribution has not - advertised a matching entry point. - -``get_entry_map(dist, group=None)`` - Return the distribution's entry point map for `group`, or the full entry - map for the distribution. This function always returns a dictionary, - even if the distribution advertises no entry points. If `group` is given, - the dictionary maps entry point names to the corresponding ``EntryPoint`` - object. If `group` is None, the dictionary maps group names to - dictionaries that then map entry point names to the corresponding - ``EntryPoint`` instance in that group. - -``iter_entry_points(group, name=None)`` - Yield entry point objects from `group` matching `name`. - - If `name` is None, yields all entry points in `group` from all - distributions in the working set on sys.path, otherwise only ones matching - both `group` and `name` are yielded. Entry points are yielded from - the active distributions in the order that the distributions appear on - sys.path. (Within entry points for a particular distribution, however, - there is no particular ordering.) - - (This API is actually a method of the global ``working_set`` object; see - the section above on `Basic WorkingSet Methods`_ for more information.) - - -Creating and Parsing --------------------- - -``EntryPoint(name, module_name, attrs=(), extras=(), dist=None)`` - Create an ``EntryPoint`` instance. `name` is the entry point name. The - `module_name` is the (dotted) name of the module containing the advertised - object. `attrs` is an optional tuple of names to look up from the - module to obtain the advertised object. For example, an `attrs` of - ``("foo","bar")`` and a `module_name` of ``"baz"`` would mean that the - advertised object could be obtained by the following code:: - - import baz - advertised_object = baz.foo.bar - - The `extras` are an optional tuple of "extra feature" names that the - distribution needs in order to provide this entry point. When the - entry point is loaded, these extra features are looked up in the `dist` - argument to find out what other distributions may need to be activated - on sys.path; see the ``load()`` method for more details. The `extras` - argument is only meaningful if `dist` is specified. `dist` must be - a ``Distribution`` instance. - -``EntryPoint.parse(src, dist=None)`` (classmethod) - Parse a single entry point from string `src` - - Entry point syntax follows the form:: - - name = some.module:some.attr [extra1,extra2] - - The entry name and module name are required, but the ``:attrs`` and - ``[extras]`` parts are optional, as is the whitespace shown between - some of the items. The `dist` argument is passed through to the - ``EntryPoint()`` constructor, along with the other values parsed from - `src`. - -``EntryPoint.parse_group(group, lines, dist=None)`` (classmethod) - Parse `lines` (a string or sequence of lines) to create a dictionary - mapping entry point names to ``EntryPoint`` objects. ``ValueError`` is - raised if entry point names are duplicated, if `group` is not a valid - entry point group name, or if there are any syntax errors. (Note: the - `group` parameter is used only for validation and to create more - informative error messages.) If `dist` is provided, it will be used to - set the ``dist`` attribute of the created ``EntryPoint`` objects. - -``EntryPoint.parse_map(data, dist=None)`` (classmethod) - Parse `data` into a dictionary mapping group names to dictionaries mapping - entry point names to ``EntryPoint`` objects. If `data` is a dictionary, - then the keys are used as group names and the values are passed to - ``parse_group()`` as the `lines` argument. If `data` is a string or - sequence of lines, it is first split into .ini-style sections (using - the ``split_sections()`` utility function) and the section names are used - as group names. In either case, the `dist` argument is passed through to - ``parse_group()`` so that the entry points will be linked to the specified - distribution. - - -``EntryPoint`` Objects ----------------------- - -For simple introspection, ``EntryPoint`` objects have attributes that -correspond exactly to the constructor argument names: ``name``, -``module_name``, ``attrs``, ``extras``, and ``dist`` are all available. In -addition, the following methods are provided: - -``load(require=True, env=None, installer=None)`` - Load the entry point, returning the advertised Python object, or raise - ``ImportError`` if it cannot be obtained. If `require` is a true value, - then ``require(env, installer)`` is called before attempting the import. - -``require(env=None, installer=None)`` - Ensure that any "extras" needed by the entry point are available on - sys.path. ``UnknownExtra`` is raised if the ``EntryPoint`` has ``extras``, - but no ``dist``, or if the named extras are not defined by the - distribution. If `env` is supplied, it must be an ``Environment``, and it - will be used to search for needed distributions if they are not already - present on sys.path. If `installer` is supplied, it must be a callable - taking a ``Requirement`` instance and returning a matching importable - ``Distribution`` instance or None. - -``__str__()`` - The string form of an ``EntryPoint`` is a string that could be passed to - ``EntryPoint.parse()`` to produce an equivalent ``EntryPoint``. - - -``Distribution`` Objects -======================== - -``Distribution`` objects represent collections of Python code that may or may -not be importable, and may or may not have metadata and resources associated -with them. Their metadata may include information such as what other projects -the distribution depends on, what entry points the distribution advertises, and -so on. - - -Getting or Creating Distributions ---------------------------------- - -Most commonly, you'll obtain ``Distribution`` objects from a ``WorkingSet`` or -an ``Environment``. (See the sections above on `WorkingSet Objects`_ and -`Environment Objects`_, which are containers for active distributions and -available distributions, respectively.) You can also obtain ``Distribution`` -objects from one of these high-level APIs: - -``find_distributions(path_item, only=False)`` - Yield distributions accessible via `path_item`. If `only` is true, yield - only distributions whose ``location`` is equal to `path_item`. In other - words, if `only` is true, this yields any distributions that would be - importable if `path_item` were on ``sys.path``. If `only` is false, this - also yields distributions that are "in" or "under" `path_item`, but would - not be importable unless their locations were also added to ``sys.path``. - -``get_distribution(dist_spec)`` - Return a ``Distribution`` object for a given ``Requirement`` or string. - If `dist_spec` is already a ``Distribution`` instance, it is returned. - If it is a ``Requirement`` object or a string that can be parsed into one, - it is used to locate and activate a matching distribution, which is then - returned. - -However, if you're creating specialized tools for working with distributions, -or creating a new distribution format, you may also need to create -``Distribution`` objects directly, using one of the three constructors below. - -These constructors all take an optional `metadata` argument, which is used to -access any resources or metadata associated with the distribution. `metadata` -must be an object that implements the ``IResourceProvider`` interface, or None. -If it is None, an ``EmptyProvider`` is used instead. ``Distribution`` objects -implement both the `IResourceProvider`_ and `IMetadataProvider Methods`_ by -delegating them to the `metadata` object. - -``Distribution.from_location(location, basename, metadata=None, **kw)`` (classmethod) - Create a distribution for `location`, which must be a string such as a - URL, filename, or other string that might be used on ``sys.path``. - `basename` is a string naming the distribution, like ``Foo-1.2-py2.4.egg``. - If `basename` ends with ``.egg``, then the project's name, version, python - version and platform are extracted from the filename and used to set those - properties of the created distribution. Any additional keyword arguments - are forwarded to the ``Distribution()`` constructor. - -``Distribution.from_filename(filename, metadata=None**kw)`` (classmethod) - Create a distribution by parsing a local filename. This is a shorter way - of saying ``Distribution.from_location(normalize_path(filename), - os.path.basename(filename), metadata)``. In other words, it creates a - distribution whose location is the normalize form of the filename, parsing - name and version information from the base portion of the filename. Any - additional keyword arguments are forwarded to the ``Distribution()`` - constructor. - -``Distribution(location,metadata,project_name,version,py_version,platform,precedence)`` - Create a distribution by setting its properties. All arguments are - optional and default to None, except for `py_version` (which defaults to - the current Python version) and `precedence` (which defaults to - ``EGG_DIST``; for more details see ``precedence`` under `Distribution - Attributes`_ below). Note that it's usually easier to use the - ``from_filename()`` or ``from_location()`` constructors than to specify - all these arguments individually. - - -``Distribution`` Attributes ---------------------------- - -location - A string indicating the distribution's location. For an importable - distribution, this is the string that would be added to ``sys.path`` to - make it actively importable. For non-importable distributions, this is - simply a filename, URL, or other way of locating the distribution. - -project_name - A string, naming the project that this distribution is for. Project names - are defined by a project's setup script, and they are used to identify - projects on PyPI. When a ``Distribution`` is constructed, the - `project_name` argument is passed through the ``safe_name()`` utility - function to filter out any unacceptable characters. - -key - ``dist.key`` is short for ``dist.project_name.lower()``. It's used for - case-insensitive comparison and indexing of distributions by project name. - -extras - A list of strings, giving the names of extra features defined by the - project's dependency list (the ``extras_require`` argument specified in - the project's setup script). - -version - A string denoting what release of the project this distribution contains. - When a ``Distribution`` is constructed, the `version` argument is passed - through the ``safe_version()`` utility function to filter out any - unacceptable characters. If no `version` is specified at construction - time, then attempting to access this attribute later will cause the - ``Distribution`` to try to discover its version by reading its ``PKG-INFO`` - metadata file. If ``PKG-INFO`` is unavailable or can't be parsed, - ``ValueError`` is raised. - -parsed_version - The ``parsed_version`` is a tuple representing a "parsed" form of the - distribution's ``version``. ``dist.parsed_version`` is a shortcut for - calling ``parse_version(dist.version)``. It is used to compare or sort - distributions by version. (See the `Parsing Utilities`_ section below for - more information on the ``parse_version()`` function.) Note that accessing - ``parsed_version`` may result in a ``ValueError`` if the ``Distribution`` - was constructed without a `version` and without `metadata` capable of - supplying the missing version info. - -py_version - The major/minor Python version the distribution supports, as a string. - For example, "2.3" or "2.4". The default is the current version of Python. - -platform - A string representing the platform the distribution is intended for, or - ``None`` if the distribution is "pure Python" and therefore cross-platform. - See `Platform Utilities`_ below for more information on platform strings. - -precedence - A distribution's ``precedence`` is used to determine the relative order of - two distributions that have the same ``project_name`` and - ``parsed_version``. The default precedence is ``pkg_resources.EGG_DIST``, - which is the highest (i.e. most preferred) precedence. The full list - of predefined precedences, from most preferred to least preferred, is: - ``EGG_DIST``, ``BINARY_DIST``, ``SOURCE_DIST``, ``CHECKOUT_DIST``, and - ``DEVELOP_DIST``. Normally, precedences other than ``EGG_DIST`` are used - only by the ``setuptools.package_index`` module, when sorting distributions - found in a package index to determine their suitability for installation. - "System" and "Development" eggs (i.e., ones that use the ``.egg-info`` - format), however, are automatically given a precedence of ``DEVELOP_DIST``. - - - -``Distribution`` Methods ------------------------- - -``activate(path=None)`` - Ensure distribution is importable on `path`. If `path` is None, - ``sys.path`` is used instead. This ensures that the distribution's - ``location`` is in the `path` list, and it also performs any necessary - namespace package fixups or declarations. (That is, if the distribution - contains namespace packages, this method ensures that they are declared, - and that the distribution's contents for those namespace packages are - merged with the contents provided by any other active distributions. See - the section above on `Namespace Package Support`_ for more information.) - - ``pkg_resources`` adds a notification callback to the global ``working_set`` - that ensures this method is called whenever a distribution is added to it. - Therefore, you should not normally need to explicitly call this method. - (Note that this means that namespace packages on ``sys.path`` are always - imported as soon as ``pkg_resources`` is, which is another reason why - namespace packages should not contain any code or import statements.) - -``as_requirement()`` - Return a ``Requirement`` instance that matches this distribution's project - name and version. - -``requires(extras=())`` - List the ``Requirement`` objects that specify this distribution's - dependencies. If `extras` is specified, it should be a sequence of names - of "extras" defined by the distribution, and the list returned will then - include any dependencies needed to support the named "extras". - -``clone(**kw)`` - Create a copy of the distribution. Any supplied keyword arguments override - the corresponding argument to the ``Distribution()`` constructor, allowing - you to change some of the copied distribution's attributes. - -``egg_name()`` - Return what this distribution's standard filename should be, not including - the ".egg" extension. For example, a distribution for project "Foo" - version 1.2 that runs on Python 2.3 for Windows would have an ``egg_name()`` - of ``Foo-1.2-py2.3-win32``. Any dashes in the name or version are - converted to underscores. (``Distribution.from_location()`` will convert - them back when parsing a ".egg" file name.) - -``__cmp__(other)``, ``__hash__()`` - Distribution objects are hashed and compared on the basis of their parsed - version and precedence, followed by their key (lowercase project name), - location, Python version, and platform. - -The following methods are used to access ``EntryPoint`` objects advertised -by the distribution. See the section above on `Entry Points`_ for more -detailed information about these operations: - -``get_entry_info(group, name)`` - Return the ``EntryPoint`` object for `group` and `name`, or None if no - such point is advertised by this distribution. - -``get_entry_map(group=None)`` - Return the entry point map for `group`. If `group` is None, return - a dictionary mapping group names to entry point maps for all groups. - (An entry point map is a dictionary of entry point names to ``EntryPoint`` - objects.) - -``load_entry_point(group, name)`` - Short for ``get_entry_info(group, name).load()``. Returns the object - advertised by the named entry point, or raises ``ImportError`` if - the entry point isn't advertised by this distribution, or there is some - other import problem. - -In addition to the above methods, ``Distribution`` objects also implement all -of the `IResourceProvider`_ and `IMetadataProvider Methods`_ (which are -documented in later sections): - -* ``has_metadata(name)`` -* ``metadata_isdir(name)`` -* ``metadata_listdir(name)`` -* ``get_metadata(name)`` -* ``get_metadata_lines(name)`` -* ``run_script(script_name, namespace)`` -* ``get_resource_filename(manager, resource_name)`` -* ``get_resource_stream(manager, resource_name)`` -* ``get_resource_string(manager, resource_name)`` -* ``has_resource(resource_name)`` -* ``resource_isdir(resource_name)`` -* ``resource_listdir(resource_name)`` - -If the distribution was created with a `metadata` argument, these resource and -metadata access methods are all delegated to that `metadata` provider. -Otherwise, they are delegated to an ``EmptyProvider``, so that the distribution -will appear to have no resources or metadata. This delegation approach is used -so that supporting custom importers or new distribution formats can be done -simply by creating an appropriate `IResourceProvider`_ implementation; see the -section below on `Supporting Custom Importers`_ for more details. - - -``ResourceManager`` API -======================= - -The ``ResourceManager`` class provides uniform access to package resources, -whether those resources exist as files and directories or are compressed in -an archive of some kind. - -Normally, you do not need to create or explicitly manage ``ResourceManager`` -instances, as the ``pkg_resources`` module creates a global instance for you, -and makes most of its methods available as top-level names in the -``pkg_resources`` module namespace. So, for example, this code actually -calls the ``resource_string()`` method of the global ``ResourceManager``:: - - import pkg_resources - my_data = pkg_resources.resource_string(__name__, "foo.dat") - -Thus, you can use the APIs below without needing an explicit -``ResourceManager`` instance; just import and use them as needed. - - -Basic Resource Access ---------------------- - -In the following methods, the `package_or_requirement` argument may be either -a Python package/module name (e.g. ``foo.bar``) or a ``Requirement`` instance. -If it is a package or module name, the named module or package must be -importable (i.e., be in a distribution or directory on ``sys.path``), and the -`resource_name` argument is interpreted relative to the named package. (Note -that if a module name is used, then the resource name is relative to the -package immediately containing the named module. Also, you should not use use -a namespace package name, because a namespace package can be spread across -multiple distributions, and is therefore ambiguous as to which distribution -should be searched for the resource.) - -If it is a ``Requirement``, then the requirement is automatically resolved -(searching the current ``Environment`` if necessary) and a matching -distribution is added to the ``WorkingSet`` and ``sys.path`` if one was not -already present. (Unless the ``Requirement`` can't be satisfied, in which -case an exception is raised.) The `resource_name` argument is then interpreted -relative to the root of the identified distribution; i.e. its first path -segment will be treated as a peer of the top-level modules or packages in the -distribution. - -Note that resource names must be ``/``-separated paths and cannot be absolute -(i.e. no leading ``/``) or contain relative names like ``".."``. Do *not* use -``os.path`` routines to manipulate resource paths, as they are *not* filesystem -paths. - -``resource_exists(package_or_requirement, resource_name)`` - Does the named resource exist? Return ``True`` or ``False`` accordingly. - -``resource_stream(package_or_requirement, resource_name)`` - Return a readable file-like object for the specified resource; it may be - an actual file, a ``StringIO``, or some similar object. The stream is - in "binary mode", in the sense that whatever bytes are in the resource - will be read as-is. - -``resource_string(package_or_requirement, resource_name)`` - Return the specified resource as a string. The resource is read in - binary fashion, such that the returned string contains exactly the bytes - that are stored in the resource. - -``resource_isdir(package_or_requirement, resource_name)`` - Is the named resource a directory? Return ``True`` or ``False`` - accordingly. - -``resource_listdir(package_or_requirement, resource_name)`` - List the contents of the named resource directory, just like ``os.listdir`` - except that it works even if the resource is in a zipfile. - -Note that only ``resource_exists()`` and ``resource_isdir()`` are insensitive -as to the resource type. You cannot use ``resource_listdir()`` on a file -resource, and you can't use ``resource_string()`` or ``resource_stream()`` on -directory resources. Using an inappropriate method for the resource type may -result in an exception or undefined behavior, depending on the platform and -distribution format involved. - - -Resource Extraction -------------------- - -``resource_filename(package_or_requirement, resource_name)`` - Sometimes, it is not sufficient to access a resource in string or stream - form, and a true filesystem filename is needed. In such cases, you can - use this method (or module-level function) to obtain a filename for a - resource. If the resource is in an archive distribution (such as a zipped - egg), it will be extracted to a cache directory, and the filename within - the cache will be returned. If the named resource is a directory, then - all resources within that directory (including subdirectories) are also - extracted. If the named resource is a C extension or "eager resource" - (see the ``setuptools`` documentation for details), then all C extensions - and eager resources are extracted at the same time. - - Archived resources are extracted to a cache location that can be managed by - the following two methods: - -``set_extraction_path(path)`` - Set the base path where resources will be extracted to, if needed. - - If you do not call this routine before any extractions take place, the - path defaults to the return value of ``get_default_cache()``. (Which is - based on the ``PYTHON_EGG_CACHE`` environment variable, with various - platform-specific fallbacks. See that routine's documentation for more - details.) - - Resources are extracted to subdirectories of this path based upon - information given by the resource provider. You may set this to a - temporary directory, but then you must call ``cleanup_resources()`` to - delete the extracted files when done. There is no guarantee that - ``cleanup_resources()`` will be able to remove all extracted files. (On - Windows, for example, you can't unlink .pyd or .dll files that are still - in use.) - - Note that you may not change the extraction path for a given resource - manager once resources have been extracted, unless you first call - ``cleanup_resources()``. - -``cleanup_resources(force=False)`` - Delete all extracted resource files and directories, returning a list - of the file and directory names that could not be successfully removed. - This function does not have any concurrency protection, so it should - generally only be called when the extraction path is a temporary - directory exclusive to a single process. This method is not - automatically called; you must call it explicitly or register it as an - ``atexit`` function if you wish to ensure cleanup of a temporary - directory used for extractions. - - -"Provider" Interface --------------------- - -If you are implementing an ``IResourceProvider`` and/or ``IMetadataProvider`` -for a new distribution archive format, you may need to use the following -``IResourceManager`` methods to co-ordinate extraction of resources to the -filesystem. If you're not implementing an archive format, however, you have -no need to use these methods. Unlike the other methods listed above, they are -*not* available as top-level functions tied to the global ``ResourceManager``; -you must therefore have an explicit ``ResourceManager`` instance to use them. - -``get_cache_path(archive_name, names=())`` - Return absolute location in cache for `archive_name` and `names` - - The parent directory of the resulting path will be created if it does - not already exist. `archive_name` should be the base filename of the - enclosing egg (which may not be the name of the enclosing zipfile!), - including its ".egg" extension. `names`, if provided, should be a - sequence of path name parts "under" the egg's extraction location. - - This method should only be called by resource providers that need to - obtain an extraction location, and only for names they intend to - extract, as it tracks the generated names for possible cleanup later. - -``extraction_error()`` - Raise an ``ExtractionError`` describing the active exception as interfering - with the extraction process. You should call this if you encounter any - OS errors extracting the file to the cache path; it will format the - operating system exception for you, and add other information to the - ``ExtractionError`` instance that may be needed by programs that want to - wrap or handle extraction errors themselves. - -``postprocess(tempname, filename)`` - Perform any platform-specific postprocessing of `tempname`. - Resource providers should call this method ONLY after successfully - extracting a compressed resource. They must NOT call it on resources - that are already in the filesystem. - - `tempname` is the current (temporary) name of the file, and `filename` - is the name it will be renamed to by the caller after this routine - returns. - - -Metadata API -============ - -The metadata API is used to access metadata resources bundled in a pluggable -distribution. Metadata resources are virtual files or directories containing -information about the distribution, such as might be used by an extensible -application or framework to connect "plugins". Like other kinds of resources, -metadata resource names are ``/``-separated and should not contain ``..`` or -begin with a ``/``. You should not use ``os.path`` routines to manipulate -resource paths. - -The metadata API is provided by objects implementing the ``IMetadataProvider`` -or ``IResourceProvider`` interfaces. ``Distribution`` objects implement this -interface, as do objects returned by the ``get_provider()`` function: - -``get_provider(package_or_requirement)`` - If a package name is supplied, return an ``IResourceProvider`` for the - package. If a ``Requirement`` is supplied, resolve it by returning a - ``Distribution`` from the current working set (searching the current - ``Environment`` if necessary and adding the newly found ``Distribution`` - to the working set). If the named package can't be imported, or the - ``Requirement`` can't be satisfied, an exception is raised. - - NOTE: if you use a package name rather than a ``Requirement``, the object - you get back may not be a pluggable distribution, depending on the method - by which the package was installed. In particular, "development" packages - and "single-version externally-managed" packages do not have any way to - map from a package name to the corresponding project's metadata. Do not - write code that passes a package name to ``get_provider()`` and then tries - to retrieve project metadata from the returned object. It may appear to - work when the named package is in an ``.egg`` file or directory, but - it will fail in other installation scenarios. If you want project - metadata, you need to ask for a *project*, not a package. - - -``IMetadataProvider`` Methods ------------------------------ - -The methods provided by objects (such as ``Distribution`` instances) that -implement the ``IMetadataProvider`` or ``IResourceProvider`` interfaces are: - -``has_metadata(name)`` - Does the named metadata resource exist? - -``metadata_isdir(name)`` - Is the named metadata resource a directory? - -``metadata_listdir(name)`` - List of metadata names in the directory (like ``os.listdir()``) - -``get_metadata(name)`` - Return the named metadata resource as a string. The data is read in binary - mode; i.e., the exact bytes of the resource file are returned. - -``get_metadata_lines(name)`` - Yield named metadata resource as list of non-blank non-comment lines. This - is short for calling ``yield_lines(provider.get_metadata(name))``. See the - section on `yield_lines()`_ below for more information on the syntax it - recognizes. - -``run_script(script_name, namespace)`` - Execute the named script in the supplied namespace dictionary. Raises - ``ResolutionError`` if there is no script by that name in the ``scripts`` - metadata directory. `namespace` should be a Python dictionary, usually - a module dictionary if the script is being run as a module. - - -Exceptions -========== - -``pkg_resources`` provides a simple exception hierarchy for problems that may -occur when processing requests to locate and activate packages:: - - ResolutionError - DistributionNotFound - VersionConflict - UnknownExtra - - ExtractionError - -``ResolutionError`` - This class is used as a base class for the other three exceptions, so that - you can catch all of them with a single "except" clause. It is also raised - directly for miscellaneous requirement-resolution problems like trying to - run a script that doesn't exist in the distribution it was requested from. - -``DistributionNotFound`` - A distribution needed to fulfill a requirement could not be found. - -``VersionConflict`` - The requested version of a project conflicts with an already-activated - version of the same project. - -``UnknownExtra`` - One of the "extras" requested was not recognized by the distribution it - was requested from. - -``ExtractionError`` - A problem occurred extracting a resource to the Python Egg cache. The - following attributes are available on instances of this exception: - - manager - The resource manager that raised this exception - - cache_path - The base directory for resource extraction - - original_error - The exception instance that caused extraction to fail - - -Supporting Custom Importers -=========================== - -By default, ``pkg_resources`` supports normal filesystem imports, and -``zipimport`` importers. If you wish to use the ``pkg_resources`` features -with other (PEP 302-compatible) importers or module loaders, you may need to -register various handlers and support functions using these APIs: - -``register_finder(importer_type, distribution_finder)`` - Register `distribution_finder` to find distributions in ``sys.path`` items. - `importer_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 "Importer" (``sys.path`` - item handler), and `distribution_finder` is a callable that, when passed a - path item, the importer instance, and an `only` flag, yields - ``Distribution`` instances found under that path item. (The `only` flag, - if true, means the finder should yield only ``Distribution`` objects whose - ``location`` is equal to the path item provided.) - - See the source of the ``pkg_resources.find_on_path`` function for an - example finder function. - -``register_loader_type(loader_type, provider_factory)`` - Register `provider_factory` to make ``IResourceProvider`` objects for - `loader_type`. `loader_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 - ``module.__loader__``, and `provider_factory` is a function that, when - passed a module object, returns an `IResourceProvider`_ for that module, - allowing it to be used with the `ResourceManager API`_. - -``register_namespace_handler(importer_type, namespace_handler)`` - Register `namespace_handler` to declare namespace packages for the given - `importer_type`. `importer_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 - "importer" (sys.path item handler), and `namespace_handler` is a callable - with a signature like this:: - - def namespace_handler(importer, path_entry, moduleName, module): - # return a path_entry to use for child packages - - Namespace handlers are only called if the relevant importer object has - already agreed that it can handle the relevant path item. The handler - should only return a subpath if the module ``__path__`` does not already - contain an equivalent subpath. Otherwise, it should return None. - - For an example namespace handler, see the source of the - ``pkg_resources.file_ns_handler`` function, which is used for both zipfile - importing and regular importing. - - -IResourceProvider ------------------ - -``IResourceProvider`` is an abstract class that documents what methods are -required of objects returned by a `provider_factory` registered with -``register_loader_type()``. ``IResourceProvider`` is a subclass of -``IMetadataProvider``, so objects that implement this interface must also -implement all of the `IMetadataProvider Methods`_ as well as the methods -shown here. The `manager` argument to the methods below must be an object -that supports the full `ResourceManager API`_ documented above. - -``get_resource_filename(manager, resource_name)`` - Return a true filesystem path for `resource_name`, co-ordinating the - extraction with `manager`, if the resource must be unpacked to the - filesystem. - -``get_resource_stream(manager, resource_name)`` - Return a readable file-like object for `resource_name`. - -``get_resource_string(manager, resource_name)`` - Return a string containing the contents of `resource_name`. - -``has_resource(resource_name)`` - Does the package contain the named resource? - -``resource_isdir(resource_name)`` - Is the named resource a directory? Return a false value if the resource - does not exist or is not a directory. - -``resource_listdir(resource_name)`` - Return a list of the contents of the resource directory, ala - ``os.listdir()``. Requesting the contents of a non-existent directory may - raise an exception. - -Note, by the way, that your provider classes need not (and should not) subclass -``IResourceProvider`` or ``IMetadataProvider``! These classes exist solely -for documentation purposes and do not provide any useful implementation code. -You may instead wish to subclass one of the `built-in resource providers`_. - - -Built-in Resource Providers ---------------------------- - -``pkg_resources`` includes several provider classes that are automatically used -where appropriate. Their inheritance tree looks like this:: - - NullProvider - EggProvider - DefaultProvider - PathMetadata - ZipProvider - EggMetadata - EmptyProvider - FileMetadata - - -``NullProvider`` - This provider class is just an abstract base that provides for common - provider behaviors (such as running scripts), given a definition for just - a few abstract methods. - -``EggProvider`` - This provider class adds in some egg-specific features that are common - to zipped and unzipped eggs. - -``DefaultProvider`` - This provider class is used for unpacked eggs and "plain old Python" - filesystem modules. - -``ZipProvider`` - This provider class is used for all zipped modules, whether they are eggs - or not. - -``EmptyProvider`` - This provider class always returns answers consistent with a provider that - has no metadata or resources. ``Distribution`` objects created without - a ``metadata`` argument use an instance of this provider class instead. - Since all ``EmptyProvider`` instances are equivalent, there is no need - to have more than one instance. ``pkg_resources`` therefore creates a - global instance of this class under the name ``empty_provider``, and you - may use it if you have need of an ``EmptyProvider`` instance. - -``PathMetadata(path, egg_info)`` - Create an ``IResourceProvider`` for a filesystem-based distribution, where - `path` is the filesystem location of the importable modules, and `egg_info` - is the filesystem location of the distribution's metadata directory. - `egg_info` should usually be the ``EGG-INFO`` subdirectory of `path` for an - "unpacked egg", and a ``ProjectName.egg-info`` subdirectory of `path` for - a "development egg". However, other uses are possible for custom purposes. - -``EggMetadata(zipimporter)`` - Create an ``IResourceProvider`` for a zipfile-based distribution. The - `zipimporter` should be a ``zipimport.zipimporter`` instance, and may - represent a "basket" (a zipfile containing multiple ".egg" subdirectories) - a specific egg *within* a basket, or a zipfile egg (where the zipfile - itself is a ".egg"). It can also be a combination, such as a zipfile egg - that also contains other eggs. - -``FileMetadata(path_to_pkg_info)`` - Create an ``IResourceProvider`` that provides exactly one metadata - resource: ``PKG-INFO``. The supplied path should be a distutils PKG-INFO - file. This is basically the same as an ``EmptyProvider``, except that - requests for ``PKG-INFO`` will be answered using the contents of the - designated file. (This provider is used to wrap ``.egg-info`` files - installed by vendor-supplied system packages.) - - -Utility Functions -================= - -In addition to its high-level APIs, ``pkg_resources`` also includes several -generally-useful utility routines. These routines are used to implement the -high-level APIs, but can also be quite useful by themselves. - - -Parsing Utilities ------------------ - -``parse_version(version)`` - Parse a project's version string, returning a value that can be used to - compare versions by chronological order. Semantically, the format is a - rough cross between distutils' ``StrictVersion`` and ``LooseVersion`` - classes; if you give it versions that would work with ``StrictVersion``, - then they will compare the same way. Otherwise, comparisons are more like - a "smarter" form of ``LooseVersion``. It is *possible* to create - pathological version coding schemes that will fool this parser, but they - should be very rare in practice. - - The returned value will be a tuple of strings. Numeric portions of the - version are padded to 8 digits so they will compare numerically, but - without relying on how numbers compare relative to strings. Dots are - dropped, but dashes are retained. Trailing zeros between alpha segments - or dashes are suppressed, so that e.g. "2.4.0" is considered the same as - "2.4". Alphanumeric parts are lower-cased. - - The algorithm assumes that strings like "-" and any alpha string that - alphabetically follows "final" represents a "patch level". So, "2.4-1" - is assumed to be a branch or patch of "2.4", and therefore "2.4.1" is - considered newer than "2.4-1", which in turn is newer than "2.4". - - Strings like "a", "b", "c", "alpha", "beta", "candidate" and so on (that - come before "final" alphabetically) are assumed to be pre-release versions, - so that the version "2.4" is considered newer than "2.4a1". Any "-" - characters preceding a pre-release indicator are removed. (In versions of - setuptools prior to 0.6a9, "-" characters were not removed, leading to the - unintuitive result that "0.2-rc1" was considered a newer version than - "0.2".) - - Finally, to handle miscellaneous cases, the strings "pre", "preview", and - "rc" are treated as if they were "c", i.e. as though they were release - candidates, and therefore are not as new as a version string that does not - contain them. And the string "dev" is treated as if it were an "@" sign; - that is, a version coming before even "a" or "alpha". - -.. _yield_lines(): - -``yield_lines(strs)`` - Yield non-empty/non-comment lines from a string/unicode or a possibly- - nested sequence thereof. If `strs` is an instance of ``basestring``, it - is split into lines, and each non-blank, non-comment line is yielded after - stripping leading and trailing whitespace. (Lines whose first non-blank - character is ``#`` are considered comment lines.) - - If `strs` is not an instance of ``basestring``, it is iterated over, and - each item is passed recursively to ``yield_lines()``, so that an arbitarily - nested sequence of strings, or sequences of sequences of strings can be - flattened out to the lines contained therein. So for example, passing - a file object or a list of strings to ``yield_lines`` will both work. - (Note that between each string in a sequence of strings there is assumed to - be an implicit line break, so lines cannot bridge two strings in a - sequence.) - - This routine is used extensively by ``pkg_resources`` to parse metadata - and file formats of various kinds, and most other ``pkg_resources`` - parsing functions that yield multiple values will use it to break up their - input. However, this routine is idempotent, so calling ``yield_lines()`` - on the output of another call to ``yield_lines()`` is completely harmless. - -``split_sections(strs)`` - Split a string (or possibly-nested iterable thereof), yielding ``(section, - content)`` pairs found using an ``.ini``-like syntax. Each ``section`` is - a whitespace-stripped version of the section name ("``[section]``") - and each ``content`` is a list of stripped lines excluding blank lines and - comment-only lines. If there are any non-blank, non-comment lines before - the first section header, they're yielded in a first ``section`` of - ``None``. - - This routine uses ``yield_lines()`` as its front end, so you can pass in - anything that ``yield_lines()`` accepts, such as an open text file, string, - or sequence of strings. ``ValueError`` is raised if a malformed section - header is found (i.e. a line starting with ``[`` but not ending with - ``]``). - - Note that this simplistic parser assumes that any line whose first nonblank - character is ``[`` is a section heading, so it can't support .ini format - variations that allow ``[`` as the first nonblank character on other lines. - -``safe_name(name)`` - Return a "safe" form of a project's name, suitable for use in a - ``Requirement`` string, as a distribution name, or a PyPI project name. - All non-alphanumeric runs are condensed to single "-" characters, such that - a name like "The $$$ Tree" becomes "The-Tree". Note that if you are - generating a filename from this value you should combine it with a call to - ``to_filename()`` so all dashes ("-") are replaced by underscores ("_"). - See ``to_filename()``. - -``safe_version(version)`` - Similar to ``safe_name()`` except that spaces in the input become dots, and - dots are allowed to exist in the output. As with ``safe_name()``, if you - are generating a filename from this you should replace any "-" characters - in the output with underscores. - -``safe_extra(extra)`` - Return a "safe" form of an extra's name, suitable for use in a requirement - string or a setup script's ``extras_require`` keyword. This routine is - similar to ``safe_name()`` except that non-alphanumeric runs are replaced - by a single underbar (``_``), and the result is lowercased. - -``to_filename(name_or_version)`` - Escape a name or version string so it can be used in a dash-separated - filename (or ``#egg=name-version`` tag) without ambiguity. You - should only pass in values that were returned by ``safe_name()`` or - ``safe_version()``. - - -Platform Utilities ------------------- - -``get_build_platform()`` - Return this platform's identifier string. For Windows, the return value - is ``"win32"``, and for Mac OS X it is a string of the form - ``"macosx-10.4-ppc"``. All other platforms return the same uname-based - string that the ``distutils.util.get_platform()`` function returns. - This string is the minimum platform version required by distributions built - on the local machine. (Backward compatibility note: setuptools versions - prior to 0.6b1 called this function ``get_platform()``, and the function is - still available under that name for backward compatibility reasons.) - -``get_supported_platform()`` (New in 0.6b1) - This is the similar to ``get_build_platform()``, but is the maximum - platform version that the local machine supports. You will usually want - to use this value as the ``provided`` argument to the - ``compatible_platforms()`` function. - -``compatible_platforms(provided, required)`` - Return true if a distribution built on the `provided` platform may be used - on the `required` platform. If either platform value is ``None``, it is - considered a wildcard, and the platforms are therefore compatible. - Likewise, if the platform strings are equal, they're also considered - compatible, and ``True`` is returned. Currently, the only non-equal - platform strings that are considered compatible are Mac OS X platform - strings with the same hardware type (e.g. ``ppc``) and major version - (e.g. ``10``) with the `provided` platform's minor version being less than - or equal to the `required` platform's minor version. - -``get_default_cache()`` - Determine the default cache location for extracting resources from zipped - eggs. This routine returns the ``PYTHON_EGG_CACHE`` environment variable, - if set. Otherwise, on Windows, it returns a "Python-Eggs" subdirectory of - the user's "Application Data" directory. On all other systems, it returns - ``os.path.expanduser("~/.python-eggs")`` if ``PYTHON_EGG_CACHE`` is not - set. - - -PEP 302 Utilities ------------------ - -``get_importer(path_item)`` - Retrieve a PEP 302 "importer" for the given path item (which need not - actually be on ``sys.path``). This routine simulates the PEP 302 protocol - for obtaining an "importer" object. It first checks for an importer for - the path item in ``sys.path_importer_cache``, and if not found it calls - each of the ``sys.path_hooks`` and caches the result if a good importer is - found. If no importer is found, this routine returns an ``ImpWrapper`` - instance that wraps the builtin import machinery as a PEP 302-compliant - "importer" object. This ``ImpWrapper`` is *not* cached; instead a new - instance is returned each time. - - (Note: When run under Python 2.5, this function is simply an alias for - ``pkgutil.get_importer()``, and instead of ``pkg_resources.ImpWrapper`` - instances, it may return ``pkgutil.ImpImporter`` instances.) - - -File/Path Utilities -------------------- - -``ensure_directory(path)`` - Ensure that the parent directory (``os.path.dirname``) of `path` actually - exists, using ``os.makedirs()`` if necessary. - -``normalize_path(path)`` - Return a "normalized" version of `path`, such that two paths represent - the same filesystem location if they have equal ``normalized_path()`` - values. Specifically, this is a shortcut for calling ``os.path.realpath`` - and ``os.path.normcase`` on `path`. Unfortunately, on certain platforms - (notably Cygwin and Mac OS X) the ``normcase`` function does not accurately - reflect the platform's case-sensitivity, so there is always the possibility - of two apparently-different paths being equal on such platforms. - -History -------- - -0.6c9 - * Fix ``resource_listdir('')`` always returning an empty list for zipped eggs. - -0.6c7 - * Fix package precedence problem where single-version eggs installed in - ``site-packages`` would take precedence over ``.egg`` files (or directories) - installed in ``site-packages``. - -0.6c6 - * Fix extracted C extensions not having executable permissions under Cygwin. - - * Allow ``.egg-link`` files to contain relative paths. - - * Fix cache dir defaults on Windows when multiple environment vars are needed - to construct a path. - -0.6c4 - * Fix "dev" versions being considered newer than release candidates. - -0.6c3 - * Python 2.5 compatibility fixes. - -0.6c2 - * Fix a problem with eggs specified directly on ``PYTHONPATH`` on - case-insensitive filesystems possibly not showing up in the default - working set, due to differing normalizations of ``sys.path`` entries. - -0.6b3 - * Fixed a duplicate path insertion problem on case-insensitive filesystems. - -0.6b1 - * Split ``get_platform()`` into ``get_supported_platform()`` and - ``get_build_platform()`` to work around a Mac versioning problem that caused - the behavior of ``compatible_platforms()`` to be platform specific. - - * Fix entry point parsing when a standalone module name has whitespace - between it and the extras. - -0.6a11 - * Added ``ExtractionError`` and ``ResourceManager.extraction_error()`` so that - cache permission problems get a more user-friendly explanation of the - problem, and so that programs can catch and handle extraction errors if they - need to. - -0.6a10 - * Added the ``extras`` attribute to ``Distribution``, the ``find_plugins()`` - method to ``WorkingSet``, and the ``__add__()`` and ``__iadd__()`` methods - to ``Environment``. - - * ``safe_name()`` now allows dots in project names. - - * There is a new ``to_filename()`` function that escapes project names and - versions for safe use in constructing egg filenames from a Distribution - object's metadata. - - * Added ``Distribution.clone()`` method, and keyword argument support to other - ``Distribution`` constructors. - - * Added the ``DEVELOP_DIST`` precedence, and automatically assign it to - eggs using ``.egg-info`` format. - -0.6a9 - * Don't raise an error when an invalid (unfinished) distribution is found - unless absolutely necessary. Warn about skipping invalid/unfinished eggs - when building an Environment. - - * Added support for ``.egg-info`` files or directories with version/platform - information embedded in the filename, so that system packagers have the - option of including ``PKG-INFO`` files to indicate the presence of a - system-installed egg, without needing to use ``.egg`` directories, zipfiles, - or ``.pth`` manipulation. - - * Changed ``parse_version()`` to remove dashes before pre-release tags, so - that ``0.2-rc1`` is considered an *older* version than ``0.2``, and is equal - to ``0.2rc1``. The idea that a dash *always* meant a post-release version - was highly non-intuitive to setuptools users and Python developers, who - seem to want to use ``-rc`` version numbers a lot. - -0.6a8 - * Fixed a problem with ``WorkingSet.resolve()`` that prevented version - conflicts from being detected at runtime. - - * Improved runtime conflict warning message to identify a line in the user's - program, rather than flagging the ``warn()`` call in ``pkg_resources``. - - * Avoid giving runtime conflict warnings for namespace packages, even if they - were declared by a different package than the one currently being activated. - - * Fix path insertion algorithm for case-insensitive filesystems. - - * Fixed a problem with nested namespace packages (e.g. ``peak.util``) not - being set as an attribute of their parent package. - -0.6a6 - * Activated distributions are now inserted in ``sys.path`` (and the working - set) just before the directory that contains them, instead of at the end. - This allows e.g. eggs in ``site-packages`` to override unmanaged modules in - the same location, and allows eggs found earlier on ``sys.path`` to override - ones found later. - - * When a distribution is activated, it now checks whether any contained - non-namespace modules have already been imported and issues a warning if - a conflicting module has already been imported. - - * Changed dependency processing so that it's breadth-first, allowing a - depender's preferences to override those of a dependee, to prevent conflicts - when a lower version is acceptable to the dependee, but not the depender. - - * Fixed a problem extracting zipped files on Windows, when the egg in question - has had changed contents but still has the same version number. - -0.6a4 - * Fix a bug in ``WorkingSet.resolve()`` that was introduced in 0.6a3. - -0.6a3 - * Added ``safe_extra()`` parsing utility routine, and use it for Requirement, - EntryPoint, and Distribution objects' extras handling. - -0.6a1 - * Enhanced performance of ``require()`` and related operations when all - requirements are already in the working set, and enhanced performance of - directory scanning for distributions. - - * Fixed some problems using ``pkg_resources`` w/PEP 302 loaders other than - ``zipimport``, and the previously-broken "eager resource" support. - - * Fixed ``pkg_resources.resource_exists()`` not working correctly, along with - some other resource API bugs. - - * Many API changes and enhancements: - - * Added ``EntryPoint``, ``get_entry_map``, ``load_entry_point``, and - ``get_entry_info`` APIs for dynamic plugin discovery. - - * ``list_resources`` is now ``resource_listdir`` (and it actually works) - - * Resource API functions like ``resource_string()`` that accepted a package - name and resource name, will now also accept a ``Requirement`` object in - place of the package name (to allow access to non-package data files in - an egg). - - * ``get_provider()`` will now accept a ``Requirement`` instance or a module - name. If it is given a ``Requirement``, it will return a corresponding - ``Distribution`` (by calling ``require()`` if a suitable distribution - isn't already in the working set), rather than returning a metadata and - resource provider for a specific module. (The difference is in how - resource paths are interpreted; supplying a module name means resources - path will be module-relative, rather than relative to the distribution's - root.) - - * ``Distribution`` objects now implement the ``IResourceProvider`` and - ``IMetadataProvider`` interfaces, so you don't need to reference the (no - longer available) ``metadata`` attribute to get at these interfaces. - - * ``Distribution`` and ``Requirement`` both have a ``project_name`` - attribute for the project name they refer to. (Previously these were - ``name`` and ``distname`` attributes.) - - * The ``path`` attribute of ``Distribution`` objects is now ``location``, - because it isn't necessarily a filesystem path (and hasn't been for some - time now). The ``location`` of ``Distribution`` objects in the filesystem - should always be normalized using ``pkg_resources.normalize_path()``; all - of the setuptools and EasyInstall code that generates distributions from - the filesystem (including ``Distribution.from_filename()``) ensure this - invariant, but if you use a more generic API like ``Distribution()`` or - ``Distribution.from_location()`` you should take care that you don't - create a distribution with an un-normalized filesystem path. - - * ``Distribution`` objects now have an ``as_requirement()`` method that - returns a ``Requirement`` for the distribution's project name and version. - - * Distribution objects no longer have an ``installed_on()`` method, and the - ``install_on()`` method is now ``activate()`` (but may go away altogether - soon). The ``depends()`` method has also been renamed to ``requires()``, - and ``InvalidOption`` is now ``UnknownExtra``. - - * ``find_distributions()`` now takes an additional argument called ``only``, - that tells it to only yield distributions whose location is the passed-in - path. (It defaults to False, so that the default behavior is unchanged.) - - * ``AvailableDistributions`` is now called ``Environment``, and the - ``get()``, ``__len__()``, and ``__contains__()`` methods were removed, - because they weren't particularly useful. ``__getitem__()`` no longer - raises ``KeyError``; it just returns an empty list if there are no - distributions for the named project. - - * The ``resolve()`` method of ``Environment`` is now a method of - ``WorkingSet`` instead, and the ``best_match()`` method now uses a working - set instead of a path list as its second argument. - - * There is a new ``pkg_resources.add_activation_listener()`` API that lets - you register a callback for notifications about distributions added to - ``sys.path`` (including the distributions already on it). This is - basically a hook for extensible applications and frameworks to be able to - search for plugin metadata in distributions added at runtime. - -0.5a13 - * Fixed a bug in resource extraction from nested packages in a zipped egg. - -0.5a12 - * Updated extraction/cache mechanism for zipped resources to avoid inter- - process and inter-thread races during extraction. The default cache - location can now be set via the ``PYTHON_EGGS_CACHE`` environment variable, - and the default Windows cache is now a ``Python-Eggs`` subdirectory of the - current user's "Application Data" directory, if the ``PYTHON_EGGS_CACHE`` - variable isn't set. - -0.5a10 - * Fix a problem with ``pkg_resources`` being confused by non-existent eggs on - ``sys.path`` (e.g. if a user deletes an egg without removing it from the - ``easy-install.pth`` file). - - * Fix a problem with "basket" support in ``pkg_resources``, where egg-finding - never actually went inside ``.egg`` files. - - * Made ``pkg_resources`` import the module you request resources from, if it's - not already imported. - -0.5a4 - * ``pkg_resources.AvailableDistributions.resolve()`` and related methods now - accept an ``installer`` argument: a callable taking one argument, a - ``Requirement`` instance. The callable must return a ``Distribution`` - object, or ``None`` if no distribution is found. This feature is used by - EasyInstall to resolve dependencies by recursively invoking itself. - -0.4a4 - * Fix problems with ``resource_listdir()``, ``resource_isdir()`` and resource - directory extraction for zipped eggs. - -0.4a3 - * Fixed scripts not being able to see a ``__file__`` variable in ``__main__`` - - * Fixed a problem with ``resource_isdir()`` implementation that was introduced - in 0.4a2. - -0.4a1 - * Fixed a bug in requirements processing for exact versions (i.e. ``==`` and - ``!=``) when only one condition was included. - - * Added ``safe_name()`` and ``safe_version()`` APIs to clean up handling of - arbitrary distribution names and versions found on PyPI. - -0.3a4 - * ``pkg_resources`` now supports resource directories, not just the resources - in them. In particular, there are ``resource_listdir()`` and - ``resource_isdir()`` APIs. - - * ``pkg_resources`` now supports "egg baskets" -- .egg zipfiles which contain - multiple distributions in subdirectories whose names end with ``.egg``. - Having such a "basket" in a directory on ``sys.path`` is equivalent to - having the individual eggs in that directory, but the contained eggs can - be individually added (or not) to ``sys.path``. Currently, however, there - is no automated way to create baskets. - - * Namespace package manipulation is now protected by the Python import lock. - -0.3a1 - * Initial release. - diff --git a/docs/python3.txt b/docs/python3.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 2f6cde4a..00000000 --- a/docs/python3.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,121 +0,0 @@ -===================================================== -Supporting both Python 2 and Python 3 with Distribute -===================================================== - -Starting with version 0.6.2, Distribute supports Python 3. Installing and -using distribute for Python 3 code works exactly the same as for Python 2 -code, but Distribute also helps you to support Python 2 and Python 3 from -the same source code by letting you run 2to3 on the code as a part of the -build process, by setting the keyword parameter ``use_2to3`` to True. - - -Distribute as help during porting -================================= - -Distribute can make the porting process much easier by automatically running -2to3 as a part of the test running. To do this you need to configure the -setup.py so that you can run the unit tests with ``python setup.py test``. - -See :ref:`test` for more information on this. - -Once you have the tests running under Python 2, you can add the use_2to3 -keyword parameters to setup(), and start running the tests under Python 3. -The test command will now first run the build command during which the code -will be converted with 2to3, and the tests will then be run from the build -directory, as opposed from the source directory as is normally done. - -Distribute will convert all Python files, and also all doctests in Python -files. However, if you have doctests located in separate text files, these -will not automatically be converted. By adding them to the -``convert_2to3_doctests`` keyword parameter Distrubute will convert them as -well. - -By default, the conversion uses all fixers in the ``lib2to3.fixers`` package. -To use additional fixers, the parameter ``use_2to3_fixers`` can be set -to a list of names of packages containing fixers. To exclude fixers, the -parameter ``use_2to3_exclude_fixers`` can be set to fixer names to be -skipped. - -A typical setup.py can look something like this:: - - from setuptools import setup - - setup( - name='your.module', - version = '1.0', - description='This is your awesome module', - author='You', - author_email='your@email', - package_dir = {'': 'src'}, - packages = ['your', 'you.module'], - test_suite = 'your.module.tests', - use_2to3 = True, - convert_2to3_doctests = ['src/your/module/README.txt'], - use_2to3_fixers = ['your.fixers'], - use_2to3_exclude_fixers = ['lib2to3.fixes.fix_import'], - ) - -Differential conversion ------------------------ - -Note that a file will only be copied and converted during the build process -if the source file has been changed. If you add a file to the doctests -that should be converted, it will not be converted the next time you run -the tests, since it hasn't been modified. You need to remove it from the -build directory. Also if you run the build, install or test commands before -adding the use_2to3 parameter, you will have to remove the build directory -before you run the test command, as the files otherwise will seem updated, -and no conversion will happen. - -In general, if code doesn't seem to be converted, deleting the build directory -and trying again is a good saferguard against the build directory getting -"out of sync" with the source directory. - -Distributing Python 3 modules -============================= - -You can distribute your modules with Python 3 support in different ways. A -normal source distribution will work, but can be slow in installing, as the -2to3 process will be run during the install. But you can also distribute -the module in binary format, such as a binary egg. That egg will contain the -already converted code, and hence no 2to3 conversion is needed during install. - -Advanced features -================= - -If you don't want to run the 2to3 conversion on the doctests in Python files, -you can turn that off by setting ``setuptools.use_2to3_on_doctests = False``. - -Note on compatibility with setuptools -===================================== - -Setuptools do not know about the new keyword parameters to support Python 3. -As a result it will warn about the unknown keyword parameters if you use -setuptools instead of Distribute under Python 2. This is not an error, and -install process will continue as normal, but if you want to get rid of that -error this is easy. Simply conditionally add the new parameters into an extra -dict and pass that dict into setup():: - - from setuptools import setup - import sys - - extra = {} - if sys.version_info >= (3,): - extra['use_2to3'] = True - extra['convert_2to3_doctests'] = ['src/your/module/README.txt'] - extra['use_2to3_fixers'] = ['your.fixers'] - - setup( - name='your.module', - version = '1.0', - description='This is your awesome module', - author='You', - author_email='your@email', - package_dir = {'': 'src'}, - packages = ['your', 'you.module'], - test_suite = 'your.module.tests', - **extra - ) - -This way the parameters will only be used under Python 3, where you have to -use Distribute. diff --git a/docs/roadmap.txt b/docs/roadmap.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ea5070ea..00000000 --- a/docs/roadmap.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,86 +0,0 @@ -======= -Roadmap -======= - -Distribute has two branches: - -- 0.6.x : provides a Setuptools-0.6cX compatible version -- 0.7.x : will provide a refactoring - -0.6.x -===== - -Not "much" is going to happen here, we want this branch to be helpful -to the community *today* by addressing the 40-or-so bugs -that were found in Setuptools and never fixed. This is eventually -happen soon because its development is -fast : there are up to 5 commiters that are working on it very often -(and the number grows weekly.) - -The biggest issue with this branch is that it is providing the same -packages and modules setuptools does, and this -requires some bootstrapping work where we make sure once Distribute is -installed, all Distribution that requires Setuptools -will continue to work. This is done by faking the metadata of -Setuptools 0.6c9. That's the only way we found to do this. - -There's one major thing though: thanks to the work of Lennart, Alex, -Martin, this branch supports Python 3, -which is great to have to speed up Py3 adoption. - -The goal of the 0.6.x is to remove as much bugs as we can, and try if -possible to remove the patches done -on Distutils. We will support 0.6.x maintenance for years and we will -promote its usage everywhere instead of -Setuptools. - -Some new commands are added there, when they are helpful and don't -interact with the rest. I am thinking -about "upload_docs" that let you upload documentation to PyPI. The -goal is to move it to Distutils -at some point, if the documentation feature of PyPI stays and starts to be used. - -0.7.x -===== - -We've started to refactor Distribute with this roadmap in mind (and -no, as someone said, it's not vaporware, -we've done a lot already) - -- 0.7.x can be installed and used with 0.6.x - -- easy_install is going to be deprecated ! use Pip ! - -- the version system will be deprecated, in favor of the one in Distutils - -- no more Distutils monkey-patch that happens once you use the code - (things like 'from distutils import cmd; cmd.Command = CustomCommand') - -- no more custom site.py (that is: if something misses in Python's - site.py we'll add it there instead of patching it) - -- no more namespaced packages system, if PEP 382 (namespaces package - support) makes it to 2.7 - -- The code is splitted in many packages and might be distributed under - several distributions. - - - distribute.resources: that's the old pkg_resources, but - reorganized in clean, pep-8 modules. This package will - only contain the query APIs and will focus on being PEP 376 - compatible. We will promote its usage and see if Pip wants - to use it as a basis. - It will probably shrink a lot though, once the stdlib provides PEP 376 support. - - - distribute.entrypoints: that's the old pkg_resources entry points - system, but on its own. it uses distribute.resources - - - distribute.index: that's package_index and a few other things. - everything required to interact with PyPI. We will promote - its usage and see if Pip wants to use it as a basis. - - - distribute.core (might be renamed to main): that's everything - else, and uses the other packages. - -Goal: A first release before (or when) Python 2.7 / 3.2 is out. - diff --git a/docs/setuptools.txt b/docs/setuptools.txt deleted file mode 100644 index fe8bb3f6..00000000 --- a/docs/setuptools.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3230 +0,0 @@ -================================================== -Building and Distributing Packages with Distribute -================================================== - -``Distribute`` is a collection of enhancements to the Python ``distutils`` -(for Python 2.3.5 and up on most platforms; 64-bit platforms require a minimum -of Python 2.4) that allow you to more easily build and distribute Python -packages, especially ones that have dependencies on other packages. - -Packages built and distributed using ``setuptools`` look to the user like -ordinary Python packages based on the ``distutils``. Your users don't need to -install or even know about setuptools in order to use them, and you don't -have to include the entire setuptools package in your distributions. By -including just a single `bootstrap module`_ (an 8K .py file), your package will -automatically download and install ``setuptools`` if the user is building your -package from source and doesn't have a suitable version already installed. - -.. _bootstrap module: http://nightly.ziade.org/distribute_setup.py - -Feature Highlights: - -* Automatically find/download/install/upgrade dependencies at build time using - the `EasyInstall tool <http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall>`_, - which supports downloading via HTTP, FTP, Subversion, and SourceForge, and - automatically scans web pages linked from PyPI to find download links. (It's - the closest thing to CPAN currently available for Python.) - -* Create `Python Eggs <http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/PythonEggs>`_ - - a single-file importable distribution format - -* Include data files inside your package directories, where your code can - actually use them. (Python 2.4 distutils also supports this feature, but - setuptools provides the feature for Python 2.3 packages also, and supports - accessing data files in zipped packages too.) - -* Automatically include all packages in your source tree, without listing them - individually in setup.py - -* Automatically include all relevant files in your source distributions, - without needing to create a ``MANIFEST.in`` file, and without having to force - regeneration of the ``MANIFEST`` file when your source tree changes. - -* Automatically generate wrapper scripts or Windows (console and GUI) .exe - files for any number of "main" functions in your project. (Note: this is not - a py2exe replacement; the .exe files rely on the local Python installation.) - -* Transparent Pyrex support, so that your setup.py can list ``.pyx`` files and - still work even when the end-user doesn't have Pyrex installed (as long as - you include the Pyrex-generated C in your source distribution) - -* Command aliases - create project-specific, per-user, or site-wide shortcut - names for commonly used commands and options - -* PyPI upload support - upload your source distributions and eggs to PyPI - -* Deploy your project in "development mode", such that it's available on - ``sys.path``, yet can still be edited directly from its source checkout. - -* Easily extend the distutils with new commands or ``setup()`` arguments, and - distribute/reuse your extensions for multiple projects, without copying code. - -* Create extensible applications and frameworks that automatically discover - extensions, using simple "entry points" declared in a project's setup script. - -In addition to the PyPI downloads, the development version of ``setuptools`` -is available from the `Python SVN sandbox`_, and in-development versions of the -`0.6 branch`_ are available as well. - -.. _0.6 branch: http://svn.python.org/projects/sandbox/branches/setuptools-0.6/#egg=setuptools-dev06 - -.. _Python SVN sandbox: http://svn.python.org/projects/sandbox/trunk/setuptools/#egg=setuptools-dev - -.. contents:: **Table of Contents** - -.. _distribute_setup.py: `bootstrap module`_ - - ------------------ -Developer's Guide ------------------ - - -Installing ``setuptools`` -========================= - -Please follow the `EasyInstall Installation Instructions`_ to install the -current stable version of setuptools. In particular, be sure to read the -section on `Custom Installation Locations`_ if you are installing anywhere -other than Python's ``site-packages`` directory. - -.. _EasyInstall Installation Instructions: http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#installation-instructions - -.. _Custom Installation Locations: http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#custom-installation-locations - -If you want the current in-development version of setuptools, you should first -install a stable version, and then run:: - - distribute_setup.py setuptools==dev - -This will download and install the latest development (i.e. unstable) version -of setuptools from the Python Subversion sandbox. - - -Basic Use -========= - -For basic use of setuptools, just import things from setuptools instead of -the distutils. Here's a minimal setup script using setuptools:: - - from setuptools import setup, find_packages - setup( - name = "HelloWorld", - version = "0.1", - packages = find_packages(), - ) - -As you can see, it doesn't take much to use setuptools in a project. -Just by doing the above, this project will be able to produce eggs, upload to -PyPI, and automatically include all packages in the directory where the -setup.py lives. See the `Command Reference`_ section below to see what -commands you can give to this setup script. - -Of course, before you release your project to PyPI, you'll want to add a bit -more information to your setup script to help people find or learn about your -project. And maybe your project will have grown by then to include a few -dependencies, and perhaps some data files and scripts:: - - from setuptools import setup, find_packages - setup( - name = "HelloWorld", - version = "0.1", - packages = find_packages(), - scripts = ['say_hello.py'], - - # Project uses reStructuredText, so ensure that the docutils get - # installed or upgraded on the target machine - install_requires = ['docutils>=0.3'], - - package_data = { - # If any package contains *.txt or *.rst files, include them: - '': ['*.txt', '*.rst'], - # And include any *.msg files found in the 'hello' package, too: - 'hello': ['*.msg'], - }, - - # metadata for upload to PyPI - author = "Me", - author_email = "me@example.com", - description = "This is an Example Package", - license = "PSF", - keywords = "hello world example examples", - url = "http://example.com/HelloWorld/", # project home page, if any - - # could also include long_description, download_url, classifiers, etc. - ) - -In the sections that follow, we'll explain what most of these ``setup()`` -arguments do (except for the metadata ones), and the various ways you might use -them in your own project(s). - - -Specifying Your Project's Version ---------------------------------- - -Setuptools can work well with most versioning schemes; there are, however, a -few special things to watch out for, in order to ensure that setuptools and -EasyInstall can always tell what version of your package is newer than another -version. Knowing these things will also help you correctly specify what -versions of other projects your project depends on. - -A version consists of an alternating series of release numbers and pre-release -or post-release tags. A release number is a series of digits punctuated by -dots, such as ``2.4`` or ``0.5``. Each series of digits is treated -numerically, so releases ``2.1`` and ``2.1.0`` are different ways to spell the -same release number, denoting the first subrelease of release 2. But ``2.10`` -is the *tenth* subrelease of release 2, and so is a different and newer release -from ``2.1`` or ``2.1.0``. Leading zeros within a series of digits are also -ignored, so ``2.01`` is the same as ``2.1``, and different from ``2.0.1``. - -Following a release number, you can have either a pre-release or post-release -tag. Pre-release tags make a version be considered *older* than the version -they are appended to. So, revision ``2.4`` is *newer* than revision ``2.4c1``, -which in turn is newer than ``2.4b1`` or ``2.4a1``. Postrelease tags make -a version be considered *newer* than the version they are appended to. So, -revisions like ``2.4-1`` and ``2.4pl3`` are newer than ``2.4``, but are *older* -than ``2.4.1`` (which has a higher release number). - -A pre-release tag is a series of letters that are alphabetically before -"final". Some examples of prerelease tags would include ``alpha``, ``beta``, -``a``, ``c``, ``dev``, and so on. You do not have to place a dot or dash -before the prerelease tag if it's immediately after a number, but it's okay to -do so if you prefer. Thus, ``2.4c1`` and ``2.4.c1`` and ``2.4-c1`` all -represent release candidate 1 of version ``2.4``, and are treated as identical -by setuptools. - -In addition, there are three special prerelease tags that are treated as if -they were the letter ``c``: ``pre``, ``preview``, and ``rc``. So, version -``2.4rc1``, ``2.4pre1`` and ``2.4preview1`` are all the exact same version as -``2.4c1``, and are treated as identical by setuptools. - -A post-release tag is either a series of letters that are alphabetically -greater than or equal to "final", or a dash (``-``). Post-release tags are -generally used to separate patch numbers, port numbers, build numbers, revision -numbers, or date stamps from the release number. For example, the version -``2.4-r1263`` might denote Subversion revision 1263 of a post-release patch of -version ``2.4``. Or you might use ``2.4-20051127`` to denote a date-stamped -post-release. - -Notice that after each pre or post-release tag, you are free to place another -release number, followed again by more pre- or post-release tags. For example, -``0.6a9.dev-r41475`` could denote Subversion revision 41475 of the in- -development version of the ninth alpha of release 0.6. Notice that ``dev`` is -a pre-release tag, so this version is a *lower* version number than ``0.6a9``, -which would be the actual ninth alpha of release 0.6. But the ``-r41475`` is -a post-release tag, so this version is *newer* than ``0.6a9.dev``. - -For the most part, setuptools' interpretation of version numbers is intuitive, -but here are a few tips that will keep you out of trouble in the corner cases: - -* Don't stick adjoining pre-release tags together without a dot or number - between them. Version ``1.9adev`` is the ``adev`` prerelease of ``1.9``, - *not* a development pre-release of ``1.9a``. Use ``.dev`` instead, as in - ``1.9a.dev``, or separate the prerelease tags with a number, as in - ``1.9a0dev``. ``1.9a.dev``, ``1.9a0dev``, and even ``1.9.a.dev`` are - identical versions from setuptools' point of view, so you can use whatever - scheme you prefer. - -* If you want to be certain that your chosen numbering scheme works the way - you think it will, you can use the ``pkg_resources.parse_version()`` function - to compare different version numbers:: - - >>> from pkg_resources import parse_version - >>> parse_version('1.9.a.dev') == parse_version('1.9a0dev') - True - >>> parse_version('2.1-rc2') < parse_version('2.1') - True - >>> parse_version('0.6a9dev-r41475') < parse_version('0.6a9') - True - -Once you've decided on a version numbering scheme for your project, you can -have setuptools automatically tag your in-development releases with various -pre- or post-release tags. See the following sections for more details: - -* `Tagging and "Daily Build" or "Snapshot" Releases`_ -* `Managing "Continuous Releases" Using Subversion`_ -* The `egg_info`_ command - - -New and Changed ``setup()`` Keywords -==================================== - -The following keyword arguments to ``setup()`` are added or changed by -``setuptools``. All of them are optional; you do not have to supply them -unless you need the associated ``setuptools`` feature. - -``include_package_data`` - If set to ``True``, this tells ``setuptools`` to automatically include any - data files it finds inside your package directories, that are either under - CVS or Subversion control, or which are specified by your ``MANIFEST.in`` - file. For more information, see the section below on `Including Data - Files`_. - -``exclude_package_data`` - A dictionary mapping package names to lists of glob patterns that should - be *excluded* from your package directories. You can use this to trim back - any excess files included by ``include_package_data``. For a complete - description and examples, see the section below on `Including Data Files`_. - -``package_data`` - A dictionary mapping package names to lists of glob patterns. For a - complete description and examples, see the section below on `Including - Data Files`_. You do not need to use this option if you are using - ``include_package_data``, unless you need to add e.g. files that are - generated by your setup script and build process. (And are therefore not - in source control or are files that you don't want to include in your - source distribution.) - -``zip_safe`` - A boolean (True or False) flag specifying whether the project can be - safely installed and run from a zip file. If this argument is not - supplied, the ``bdist_egg`` command will have to analyze all of your - project's contents for possible problems each time it buids an egg. - -``install_requires`` - A string or list of strings specifying what other distributions need to - be installed when this one is. See the section below on `Declaring - Dependencies`_ for details and examples of the format of this argument. - -``entry_points`` - A dictionary mapping entry point group names to strings or lists of strings - defining the entry points. Entry points are used to support dynamic - discovery of services or plugins provided by a project. See `Dynamic - Discovery of Services and Plugins`_ for details and examples of the format - of this argument. In addition, this keyword is used to support `Automatic - Script Creation`_. - -``extras_require`` - A dictionary mapping names of "extras" (optional features of your project) - to strings or lists of strings specifying what other distributions must be - installed to support those features. See the section below on `Declaring - Dependencies`_ for details and examples of the format of this argument. - -``setup_requires`` - A string or list of strings specifying what other distributions need to - be present in order for the *setup script* to run. ``setuptools`` will - attempt to obtain these (even going so far as to download them using - ``EasyInstall``) before processing the rest of the setup script or commands. - This argument is needed if you are using distutils extensions as part of - your build process; for example, extensions that process setup() arguments - and turn them into EGG-INFO metadata files. - - (Note: projects listed in ``setup_requires`` will NOT be automatically - installed on the system where the setup script is being run. They are - simply downloaded to the setup directory if they're not locally available - already. If you want them to be installed, as well as being available - when the setup script is run, you should add them to ``install_requires`` - **and** ``setup_requires``.) - -``dependency_links`` - A list of strings naming URLs to be searched when satisfying dependencies. - These links will be used if needed to install packages specified by - ``setup_requires`` or ``tests_require``. They will also be written into - the egg's metadata for use by tools like EasyInstall to use when installing - an ``.egg`` file. - -``namespace_packages`` - A list of strings naming the project's "namespace packages". A namespace - package is a package that may be split across multiple project - distributions. For example, Zope 3's ``zope`` package is a namespace - package, because subpackages like ``zope.interface`` and ``zope.publisher`` - may be distributed separately. The egg runtime system can automatically - merge such subpackages into a single parent package at runtime, as long - as you declare them in each project that contains any subpackages of the - namespace package, and as long as the namespace package's ``__init__.py`` - does not contain any code other than a namespace declaration. See the - section below on `Namespace Packages`_ for more information. - -``test_suite`` - A string naming a ``unittest.TestCase`` subclass (or a package or module - containing one or more of them, or a method of such a subclass), or naming - a function that can be called with no arguments and returns a - ``unittest.TestSuite``. If the named suite is a module, and the module - has an ``additional_tests()`` function, it is called and the results are - added to the tests to be run. If the named suite is a package, any - submodules and subpackages are recursively added to the overall test suite. - - Specifying this argument enables use of the `test`_ command to run the - specified test suite, e.g. via ``setup.py test``. See the section on the - `test`_ command below for more details. - -``tests_require`` - If your project's tests need one or more additional packages besides those - needed to install it, you can use this option to specify them. It should - be a string or list of strings specifying what other distributions need to - be present for the package's tests to run. When you run the ``test`` - command, ``setuptools`` will attempt to obtain these (even going - so far as to download them using ``EasyInstall``). Note that these - required projects will *not* be installed on the system where the tests - are run, but only downloaded to the project's setup directory if they're - not already installed locally. - -.. _test_loader: - -``test_loader`` - If you would like to use a different way of finding tests to run than what - setuptools normally uses, you can specify a module name and class name in - this argument. The named class must be instantiable with no arguments, and - its instances must support the ``loadTestsFromNames()`` method as defined - in the Python ``unittest`` module's ``TestLoader`` class. Setuptools will - pass only one test "name" in the `names` argument: the value supplied for - the ``test_suite`` argument. The loader you specify may interpret this - string in any way it likes, as there are no restrictions on what may be - contained in a ``test_suite`` string. - - The module name and class name must be separated by a ``:``. The default - value of this argument is ``"setuptools.command.test:ScanningLoader"``. If - you want to use the default ``unittest`` behavior, you can specify - ``"unittest:TestLoader"`` as your ``test_loader`` argument instead. This - will prevent automatic scanning of submodules and subpackages. - - The module and class you specify here may be contained in another package, - as long as you use the ``tests_require`` option to ensure that the package - containing the loader class is available when the ``test`` command is run. - -``eager_resources`` - A list of strings naming resources that should be extracted together, if - any of them is needed, or if any C extensions included in the project are - imported. This argument is only useful if the project will be installed as - a zipfile, and there is a need to have all of the listed resources be - extracted to the filesystem *as a unit*. Resources listed here - should be '/'-separated paths, relative to the source root, so to list a - resource ``foo.png`` in package ``bar.baz``, you would include the string - ``bar/baz/foo.png`` in this argument. - - If you only need to obtain resources one at a time, or you don't have any C - extensions that access other files in the project (such as data files or - shared libraries), you probably do NOT need this argument and shouldn't - mess with it. For more details on how this argument works, see the section - below on `Automatic Resource Extraction`_. - -``use_2to3`` - Convert the source code from Python 2 to Python 3 with 2to3 during the - build process. See :doc:`python3` for more details. - -``convert_2to3_doctests`` - List of doctest source files that need to be converted with 2to3. - See :doc:`python3` for more details. - -``use_2to3_fixers`` - A list of modules to search for additional fixers to be used during - the 2to3 conversion. See :doc:`python3` for more details. - - -Using ``find_packages()`` -------------------------- - -For simple projects, it's usually easy enough to manually add packages to -the ``packages`` argument of ``setup()``. However, for very large projects -(Twisted, PEAK, Zope, Chandler, etc.), it can be a big burden to keep the -package list updated. That's what ``setuptools.find_packages()`` is for. - -``find_packages()`` takes a source directory, and a list of package names or -patterns to exclude. If omitted, the source directory defaults to the same -directory as the setup script. Some projects use a ``src`` or ``lib`` -directory as the root of their source tree, and those projects would of course -use ``"src"`` or ``"lib"`` as the first argument to ``find_packages()``. (And -such projects also need something like ``package_dir = {'':'src'}`` in their -``setup()`` arguments, but that's just a normal distutils thing.) - -Anyway, ``find_packages()`` walks the target directory, and finds Python -packages by looking for ``__init__.py`` files. It then filters the list of -packages using the exclusion patterns. - -Exclusion patterns are package names, optionally including wildcards. For -example, ``find_packages(exclude=["*.tests"])`` will exclude all packages whose -last name part is ``tests``. Or, ``find_packages(exclude=["*.tests", -"*.tests.*"])`` will also exclude any subpackages of packages named ``tests``, -but it still won't exclude a top-level ``tests`` package or the children -thereof. In fact, if you really want no ``tests`` packages at all, you'll need -something like this:: - - find_packages(exclude=["*.tests", "*.tests.*", "tests.*", "tests"]) - -in order to cover all the bases. Really, the exclusion patterns are intended -to cover simpler use cases than this, like excluding a single, specified -package and its subpackages. - -Regardless of the target directory or exclusions, the ``find_packages()`` -function returns a list of package names suitable for use as the ``packages`` -argument to ``setup()``, and so is usually the easiest way to set that -argument in your setup script. Especially since it frees you from having to -remember to modify your setup script whenever your project grows additional -top-level packages or subpackages. - - -Automatic Script Creation -========================= - -Packaging and installing scripts can be a bit awkward with the distutils. For -one thing, there's no easy way to have a script's filename match local -conventions on both Windows and POSIX platforms. For another, you often have -to create a separate file just for the "main" script, when your actual "main" -is a function in a module somewhere. And even in Python 2.4, using the ``-m`` -option only works for actual ``.py`` files that aren't installed in a package. - -``setuptools`` fixes all of these problems by automatically generating scripts -for you with the correct extension, and on Windows it will even create an -``.exe`` file so that users don't have to change their ``PATHEXT`` settings. -The way to use this feature is to define "entry points" in your setup script -that indicate what function the generated script should import and run. For -example, to create two console scripts called ``foo`` and ``bar``, and a GUI -script called ``baz``, you might do something like this:: - - setup( - # other arguments here... - entry_points = { - 'console_scripts': [ - 'foo = my_package.some_module:main_func', - 'bar = other_module:some_func', - ], - 'gui_scripts': [ - 'baz = my_package_gui.start_func', - ] - } - ) - -When this project is installed on non-Windows platforms (using "setup.py -install", "setup.py develop", or by using EasyInstall), a set of ``foo``, -``bar``, and ``baz`` scripts will be installed that import ``main_func`` and -``some_func`` from the specified modules. The functions you specify are called -with no arguments, and their return value is passed to ``sys.exit()``, so you -can return an errorlevel or message to print to stderr. - -On Windows, a set of ``foo.exe``, ``bar.exe``, and ``baz.exe`` launchers are -created, alongside a set of ``foo.py``, ``bar.py``, and ``baz.pyw`` files. The -``.exe`` wrappers find and execute the right version of Python to run the -``.py`` or ``.pyw`` file. - -You may define as many "console script" and "gui script" entry points as you -like, and each one can optionally specify "extras" that it depends on, that -will be added to ``sys.path`` when the script is run. For more information on -"extras", see the section below on `Declaring Extras`_. For more information -on "entry points" in general, see the section below on `Dynamic Discovery of -Services and Plugins`_. - - -"Eggsecutable" Scripts ----------------------- - -Occasionally, there are situations where it's desirable to make an ``.egg`` -file directly executable. You can do this by including an entry point such -as the following:: - - setup( - # other arguments here... - entry_points = { - 'setuptools.installation': [ - 'eggsecutable = my_package.some_module:main_func', - ] - } - ) - -Any eggs built from the above setup script will include a short excecutable -prelude that imports and calls ``main_func()`` from ``my_package.some_module``. -The prelude can be run on Unix-like platforms (including Mac and Linux) by -invoking the egg with ``/bin/sh``, or by enabling execute permissions on the -``.egg`` file. For the executable prelude to run, the appropriate version of -Python must be available via the ``PATH`` environment variable, under its -"long" name. That is, if the egg is built for Python 2.3, there must be a -``python2.3`` executable present in a directory on ``PATH``. - -This feature is primarily intended to support distribute_setup the installation of -setuptools itself on non-Windows platforms, but may also be useful for other -projects as well. - -IMPORTANT NOTE: Eggs with an "eggsecutable" header cannot be renamed, or -invoked via symlinks. They *must* be invoked using their original filename, in -order to ensure that, once running, ``pkg_resources`` will know what project -and version is in use. The header script will check this and exit with an -error if the ``.egg`` file has been renamed or is invoked via a symlink that -changes its base name. - - -Declaring Dependencies -====================== - -``setuptools`` supports automatically installing dependencies when a package is -installed, and including information about dependencies in Python Eggs (so that -package management tools like EasyInstall can use the information). - -``setuptools`` and ``pkg_resources`` use a common syntax for specifying a -project's required dependencies. This syntax consists of a project's PyPI -name, optionally followed by a comma-separated list of "extras" in square -brackets, optionally followed by a comma-separated list of version -specifiers. A version specifier is one of the operators ``<``, ``>``, ``<=``, -``>=``, ``==`` or ``!=``, followed by a version identifier. Tokens may be -separated by whitespace, but any whitespace or nonstandard characters within a -project name or version identifier must be replaced with ``-``. - -Version specifiers for a given project are internally sorted into ascending -version order, and used to establish what ranges of versions are acceptable. -Adjacent redundant conditions are also consolidated (e.g. ``">1, >2"`` becomes -``">1"``, and ``"<2,<3"`` becomes ``"<3"``). ``"!="`` versions are excised from -the ranges they fall within. A project's version is then checked for -membership in the resulting ranges. (Note that providing conflicting conditions -for the same version (e.g. "<2,>=2" or "==2,!=2") is meaningless and may -therefore produce bizarre results.) - -Here are some example requirement specifiers:: - - docutils >= 0.3 - - # comment lines and \ continuations are allowed in requirement strings - BazSpam ==1.1, ==1.2, ==1.3, ==1.4, ==1.5, \ - ==1.6, ==1.7 # and so are line-end comments - - PEAK[FastCGI, reST]>=0.5a4 - - setuptools==0.5a7 - -The simplest way to include requirement specifiers is to use the -``install_requires`` argument to ``setup()``. It takes a string or list of -strings containing requirement specifiers. If you include more than one -requirement in a string, each requirement must begin on a new line. - -This has three effects: - -1. When your project is installed, either by using EasyInstall, ``setup.py - install``, or ``setup.py develop``, all of the dependencies not already - installed will be located (via PyPI), downloaded, built (if necessary), - and installed. - -2. Any scripts in your project will be installed with wrappers that verify - the availability of the specified dependencies at runtime, and ensure that - the correct versions are added to ``sys.path`` (e.g. if multiple versions - have been installed). - -3. Python Egg distributions will include a metadata file listing the - dependencies. - -Note, by the way, that if you declare your dependencies in ``setup.py``, you do -*not* need to use the ``require()`` function in your scripts or modules, as -long as you either install the project or use ``setup.py develop`` to do -development work on it. (See `"Development Mode"`_ below for more details on -using ``setup.py develop``.) - - -Dependencies that aren't in PyPI --------------------------------- - -If your project depends on packages that aren't registered in PyPI, you may -still be able to depend on them, as long as they are available for download -as: - -- an egg, in the standard distutils ``sdist`` format, -- a single ``.py`` file, or -- a VCS repository (Subversion, Mercurial, or Git). - -You just need to add some URLs to the ``dependency_links`` argument to -``setup()``. - -The URLs must be either: - -1. direct download URLs, -2. the URLs of web pages that contain direct download links, or -3. the repository's URL - -In general, it's better to link to web pages, because it is usually less -complex to update a web page than to release a new version of your project. -You can also use a SourceForge ``showfiles.php`` link in the case where a -package you depend on is distributed via SourceForge. - -If you depend on a package that's distributed as a single ``.py`` file, you -must include an ``"#egg=project-version"`` suffix to the URL, to give a project -name and version number. (Be sure to escape any dashes in the name or version -by replacing them with underscores.) EasyInstall will recognize this suffix -and automatically create a trivial ``setup.py`` to wrap the single ``.py`` file -as an egg. - -In the case of a VCS checkout, you should also append ``#egg=project-version`` -in order to identify for what package that checkout should be used. You can -append ``@REV`` to the URL's path (before the fragment) to specify a revision. -Additionally, you can also force the VCS being used by prepending the URL with -a certain prefix. Currently available are: - -- ``svn+URL`` for Subversion, -- ``git+URL`` for Git, and -- ``hg+URL`` for Mercurial - -A more complete example would be: - - ``vcs+proto://host/path@revision#egg=project-version`` - -Be careful with the version. It should match the one inside the project files. -If you want do disregard the version, you have to omit it both in the -``requires`` and in the URL's fragment. - -This will do a checkout (or a clone, in Git and Mercurial parlance) to a -temporary folder and run ``setup.py bdist_egg``. - -The ``dependency_links`` option takes the form of a list of URL strings. For -example, the below will cause EasyInstall to search the specified page for -eggs or source distributions, if the package's dependencies aren't already -installed:: - - setup( - ... - dependency_links = [ - "http://peak.telecommunity.com/snapshots/" - ], - ) - - -.. _Declaring Extras: - - -Declaring "Extras" (optional features with their own dependencies) ------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Sometimes a project has "recommended" dependencies, that are not required for -all uses of the project. For example, a project might offer optional PDF -output if ReportLab is installed, and reStructuredText support if docutils is -installed. These optional features are called "extras", and setuptools allows -you to define their requirements as well. In this way, other projects that -require these optional features can force the additional requirements to be -installed, by naming the desired extras in their ``install_requires``. - -For example, let's say that Project A offers optional PDF and reST support:: - - setup( - name="Project-A", - ... - extras_require = { - 'PDF': ["ReportLab>=1.2", "RXP"], - 'reST': ["docutils>=0.3"], - } - ) - -As you can see, the ``extras_require`` argument takes a dictionary mapping -names of "extra" features, to strings or lists of strings describing those -features' requirements. These requirements will *not* be automatically -installed unless another package depends on them (directly or indirectly) by -including the desired "extras" in square brackets after the associated project -name. (Or if the extras were listed in a requirement spec on the EasyInstall -command line.) - -Extras can be used by a project's `entry points`_ to specify dynamic -dependencies. For example, if Project A includes a "rst2pdf" script, it might -declare it like this, so that the "PDF" requirements are only resolved if the -"rst2pdf" script is run:: - - setup( - name="Project-A", - ... - entry_points = { - 'console_scripts': - ['rst2pdf = project_a.tools.pdfgen [PDF]'], - ['rst2html = project_a.tools.htmlgen'], - # more script entry points ... - } - ) - -Projects can also use another project's extras when specifying dependencies. -For example, if project B needs "project A" with PDF support installed, it -might declare the dependency like this:: - - setup( - name="Project-B", - install_requires = ["Project-A[PDF]"], - ... - ) - -This will cause ReportLab to be installed along with project A, if project B is -installed -- even if project A was already installed. In this way, a project -can encapsulate groups of optional "downstream dependencies" under a feature -name, so that packages that depend on it don't have to know what the downstream -dependencies are. If a later version of Project A builds in PDF support and -no longer needs ReportLab, or if it ends up needing other dependencies besides -ReportLab in order to provide PDF support, Project B's setup information does -not need to change, but the right packages will still be installed if needed. - -Note, by the way, that if a project ends up not needing any other packages to -support a feature, it should keep an empty requirements list for that feature -in its ``extras_require`` argument, so that packages depending on that feature -don't break (due to an invalid feature name). For example, if Project A above -builds in PDF support and no longer needs ReportLab, it could change its -setup to this:: - - setup( - name="Project-A", - ... - extras_require = { - 'PDF': [], - 'reST': ["docutils>=0.3"], - } - ) - -so that Package B doesn't have to remove the ``[PDF]`` from its requirement -specifier. - - -Including Data Files -==================== - -The distutils have traditionally allowed installation of "data files", which -are placed in a platform-specific location. However, the most common use case -for data files distributed with a package is for use *by* the package, usually -by including the data files in the package directory. - -Setuptools offers three ways to specify data files to be included in your -packages. First, you can simply use the ``include_package_data`` keyword, -e.g.:: - - from setuptools import setup, find_packages - setup( - ... - include_package_data = True - ) - -This tells setuptools to install any data files it finds in your packages. -The data files must be under CVS or Subversion control, or else they must be -specified via the distutils' ``MANIFEST.in`` file. (They can also be tracked -by another revision control system, using an appropriate plugin. See the -section below on `Adding Support for Other Revision Control Systems`_ for -information on how to write such plugins.) - -If the data files are not under version control, or are not in a supported -version control system, or if you want finer-grained control over what files -are included (for example, if you have documentation files in your package -directories and want to exclude them from installation), then you can also use -the ``package_data`` keyword, e.g.:: - - from setuptools import setup, find_packages - setup( - ... - package_data = { - # If any package contains *.txt or *.rst files, include them: - '': ['*.txt', '*.rst'], - # And include any *.msg files found in the 'hello' package, too: - 'hello': ['*.msg'], - } - ) - -The ``package_data`` argument is a dictionary that maps from package names to -lists of glob patterns. The globs may include subdirectory names, if the data -files are contained in a subdirectory of the package. For example, if the -package tree looks like this:: - - setup.py - src/ - mypkg/ - __init__.py - mypkg.txt - data/ - somefile.dat - otherdata.dat - -The setuptools setup file might look like this:: - - from setuptools import setup, find_packages - setup( - ... - packages = find_packages('src'), # include all packages under src - package_dir = {'':'src'}, # tell distutils packages are under src - - package_data = { - # If any package contains *.txt files, include them: - '': ['*.txt'], - # And include any *.dat files found in the 'data' subdirectory - # of the 'mypkg' package, also: - 'mypkg': ['data/*.dat'], - } - ) - -Notice that if you list patterns in ``package_data`` under the empty string, -these patterns are used to find files in every package, even ones that also -have their own patterns listed. Thus, in the above example, the ``mypkg.txt`` -file gets included even though it's not listed in the patterns for ``mypkg``. - -Also notice that if you use paths, you *must* use a forward slash (``/``) as -the path separator, even if you are on Windows. Setuptools automatically -converts slashes to appropriate platform-specific separators at build time. - -(Note: although the ``package_data`` argument was previously only available in -``setuptools``, it was also added to the Python ``distutils`` package as of -Python 2.4; there is `some documentation for the feature`__ available on the -python.org website. If using the setuptools-specific ``include_package_data`` -argument, files specified by ``package_data`` will *not* be automatically -added to the manifest unless they are tracked by a supported version control -system, or are listed in the MANIFEST.in file.) - -__ http://docs.python.org/dist/node11.html - -Sometimes, the ``include_package_data`` or ``package_data`` options alone -aren't sufficient to precisely define what files you want included. For -example, you may want to include package README files in your revision control -system and source distributions, but exclude them from being installed. So, -setuptools offers an ``exclude_package_data`` option as well, that allows you -to do things like this:: - - from setuptools import setup, find_packages - setup( - ... - packages = find_packages('src'), # include all packages under src - package_dir = {'':'src'}, # tell distutils packages are under src - - include_package_data = True, # include everything in source control - - # ...but exclude README.txt from all packages - exclude_package_data = { '': ['README.txt'] }, - ) - -The ``exclude_package_data`` option is a dictionary mapping package names to -lists of wildcard patterns, just like the ``package_data`` option. And, just -as with that option, a key of ``''`` will apply the given pattern(s) to all -packages. However, any files that match these patterns will be *excluded* -from installation, even if they were listed in ``package_data`` or were -included as a result of using ``include_package_data``. - -In summary, the three options allow you to: - -``include_package_data`` - Accept all data files and directories matched by ``MANIFEST.in`` or found - in source control. - -``package_data`` - Specify additional patterns to match files and directories that may or may - not be matched by ``MANIFEST.in`` or found in source control. - -``exclude_package_data`` - Specify patterns for data files and directories that should *not* be - included when a package is installed, even if they would otherwise have - been included due to the use of the preceding options. - -NOTE: Due to the way the distutils build process works, a data file that you -include in your project and then stop including may be "orphaned" in your -project's build directories, requiring you to run ``setup.py clean --all`` to -fully remove them. This may also be important for your users and contributors -if they track intermediate revisions of your project using Subversion; be sure -to let them know when you make changes that remove files from inclusion so they -can run ``setup.py clean --all``. - - -Accessing Data Files at Runtime -------------------------------- - -Typically, existing programs manipulate a package's ``__file__`` attribute in -order to find the location of data files. However, this manipulation isn't -compatible with PEP 302-based import hooks, including importing from zip files -and Python Eggs. It is strongly recommended that, if you are using data files, -you should use the `Resource Management API`_ of ``pkg_resources`` to access -them. The ``pkg_resources`` module is distributed as part of setuptools, so if -you're using setuptools to distribute your package, there is no reason not to -use its resource management API. See also `Accessing Package Resources`_ for -a quick example of converting code that uses ``__file__`` to use -``pkg_resources`` instead. - -.. _Resource Management API: http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/PythonEggs#resource-management -.. _Accessing Package Resources: http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/PythonEggs#accessing-package-resources - - -Non-Package Data Files ----------------------- - -The ``distutils`` normally install general "data files" to a platform-specific -location (e.g. ``/usr/share``). This feature intended to be used for things -like documentation, example configuration files, and the like. ``setuptools`` -does not install these data files in a separate location, however. They are -bundled inside the egg file or directory, alongside the Python modules and -packages. The data files can also be accessed using the `Resource Management -API`_, by specifying a ``Requirement`` instead of a package name:: - - from pkg_resources import Requirement, resource_filename - filename = resource_filename(Requirement.parse("MyProject"),"sample.conf") - -The above code will obtain the filename of the "sample.conf" file in the data -root of the "MyProject" distribution. - -Note, by the way, that this encapsulation of data files means that you can't -actually install data files to some arbitrary location on a user's machine; -this is a feature, not a bug. You can always include a script in your -distribution that extracts and copies your the documentation or data files to -a user-specified location, at their discretion. If you put related data files -in a single directory, you can use ``resource_filename()`` with the directory -name to get a filesystem directory that then can be copied with the ``shutil`` -module. (Even if your package is installed as a zipfile, calling -``resource_filename()`` on a directory will return an actual filesystem -directory, whose contents will be that entire subtree of your distribution.) - -(Of course, if you're writing a new package, you can just as easily place your -data files or directories inside one of your packages, rather than using the -distutils' approach. However, if you're updating an existing application, it -may be simpler not to change the way it currently specifies these data files.) - - -Automatic Resource Extraction ------------------------------ - -If you are using tools that expect your resources to be "real" files, or your -project includes non-extension native libraries or other files that your C -extensions expect to be able to access, you may need to list those files in -the ``eager_resources`` argument to ``setup()``, so that the files will be -extracted together, whenever a C extension in the project is imported. - -This is especially important if your project includes shared libraries *other* -than distutils-built C extensions, and those shared libraries use file -extensions other than ``.dll``, ``.so``, or ``.dylib``, which are the -extensions that setuptools 0.6a8 and higher automatically detects as shared -libraries and adds to the ``native_libs.txt`` file for you. Any shared -libraries whose names do not end with one of those extensions should be listed -as ``eager_resources``, because they need to be present in the filesystem when -he C extensions that link to them are used. - -The ``pkg_resources`` runtime for compressed packages will automatically -extract *all* C extensions and ``eager_resources`` at the same time, whenever -*any* C extension or eager resource is requested via the ``resource_filename()`` -API. (C extensions are imported using ``resource_filename()`` internally.) -This ensures that C extensions will see all of the "real" files that they -expect to see. - -Note also that you can list directory resource names in ``eager_resources`` as -well, in which case the directory's contents (including subdirectories) will be -extracted whenever any C extension or eager resource is requested. - -Please note that if you're not sure whether you need to use this argument, you -don't! It's really intended to support projects with lots of non-Python -dependencies and as a last resort for crufty projects that can't otherwise -handle being compressed. If your package is pure Python, Python plus data -files, or Python plus C, you really don't need this. You've got to be using -either C or an external program that needs "real" files in your project before -there's any possibility of ``eager_resources`` being relevant to your project. - - -Extensible Applications and Frameworks -====================================== - - -.. _Entry Points: - -Dynamic Discovery of Services and Plugins ------------------------------------------ - -``setuptools`` supports creating libraries that "plug in" to extensible -applications and frameworks, by letting you register "entry points" in your -project that can be imported by the application or framework. - -For example, suppose that a blogging tool wants to support plugins -that provide translation for various file types to the blog's output format. -The framework might define an "entry point group" called ``blogtool.parsers``, -and then allow plugins to register entry points for the file extensions they -support. - -This would allow people to create distributions that contain one or more -parsers for different file types, and then the blogging tool would be able to -find the parsers at runtime by looking up an entry point for the file -extension (or mime type, or however it wants to). - -Note that if the blogging tool includes parsers for certain file formats, it -can register these as entry points in its own setup script, which means it -doesn't have to special-case its built-in formats. They can just be treated -the same as any other plugin's entry points would be. - -If you're creating a project that plugs in to an existing application or -framework, you'll need to know what entry points or entry point groups are -defined by that application or framework. Then, you can register entry points -in your setup script. Here are a few examples of ways you might register an -``.rst`` file parser entry point in the ``blogtool.parsers`` entry point group, -for our hypothetical blogging tool:: - - setup( - # ... - entry_points = {'blogtool.parsers': '.rst = some_module:SomeClass'} - ) - - setup( - # ... - entry_points = {'blogtool.parsers': ['.rst = some_module:a_func']} - ) - - setup( - # ... - entry_points = """ - [blogtool.parsers] - .rst = some.nested.module:SomeClass.some_classmethod [reST] - """, - extras_require = dict(reST = "Docutils>=0.3.5") - ) - -The ``entry_points`` argument to ``setup()`` accepts either a string with -``.ini``-style sections, or a dictionary mapping entry point group names to -either strings or lists of strings containing entry point specifiers. An -entry point specifier consists of a name and value, separated by an ``=`` -sign. The value consists of a dotted module name, optionally followed by a -``:`` and a dotted identifier naming an object within the module. It can -also include a bracketed list of "extras" that are required for the entry -point to be used. When the invoking application or framework requests loading -of an entry point, any requirements implied by the associated extras will be -passed to ``pkg_resources.require()``, so that an appropriate error message -can be displayed if the needed package(s) are missing. (Of course, the -invoking app or framework can ignore such errors if it wants to make an entry -point optional if a requirement isn't installed.) - - -Defining Additional Metadata ----------------------------- - -Some extensible applications and frameworks may need to define their own kinds -of metadata to include in eggs, which they can then access using the -``pkg_resources`` metadata APIs. Ordinarily, this is done by having plugin -developers include additional files in their ``ProjectName.egg-info`` -directory. However, since it can be tedious to create such files by hand, you -may want to create a distutils extension that will create the necessary files -from arguments to ``setup()``, in much the same way that ``setuptools`` does -for many of the ``setup()`` arguments it adds. See the section below on -`Creating distutils Extensions`_ for more details, especially the subsection on -`Adding new EGG-INFO Files`_. - - -"Development Mode" -================== - -Under normal circumstances, the ``distutils`` assume that you are going to -build a distribution of your project, not use it in its "raw" or "unbuilt" -form. If you were to use the ``distutils`` that way, you would have to rebuild -and reinstall your project every time you made a change to it during -development. - -Another problem that sometimes comes up with the ``distutils`` is that you may -need to do development on two related projects at the same time. You may need -to put both projects' packages in the same directory to run them, but need to -keep them separate for revision control purposes. How can you do this? - -Setuptools allows you to deploy your projects for use in a common directory or -staging area, but without copying any files. Thus, you can edit each project's -code in its checkout directory, and only need to run build commands when you -change a project's C extensions or similarly compiled files. You can even -deploy a project into another project's checkout directory, if that's your -preferred way of working (as opposed to using a common independent staging area -or the site-packages directory). - -To do this, use the ``setup.py develop`` command. It works very similarly to -``setup.py install`` or the EasyInstall tool, except that it doesn't actually -install anything. Instead, it creates a special ``.egg-link`` file in the -deployment directory, that links to your project's source code. And, if your -deployment directory is Python's ``site-packages`` directory, it will also -update the ``easy-install.pth`` file to include your project's source code, -thereby making it available on ``sys.path`` for all programs using that Python -installation. - -If you have enabled the ``use_2to3`` flag, then of course the ``.egg-link`` -will not link directly to your source code when run under Python 3, since -that source code would be made for Python 2 and not work under Python 3. -Instead the ``setup.py develop`` will build Python 3 code under the ``build`` -directory, and link there. This means that after doing code changes you will -have to run ``setup.py build`` before these changes are picked up by your -Python 3 installation. - -In addition, the ``develop`` command creates wrapper scripts in the target -script directory that will run your in-development scripts after ensuring that -all your ``install_requires`` packages are available on ``sys.path``. - -You can deploy the same project to multiple staging areas, e.g. if you have -multiple projects on the same machine that are sharing the same project you're -doing development work. - -When you're done with a given development task, you can remove the project -source from a staging area using ``setup.py develop --uninstall``, specifying -the desired staging area if it's not the default. - -There are several options to control the precise behavior of the ``develop`` -command; see the section on the `develop`_ command below for more details. - -Note that you can also apply setuptools commands to non-setuptools projects, -using commands like this:: - - python -c "import setuptools; execfile('setup.py')" develop - -That is, you can simply list the normal setup commands and options following -the quoted part. - - -Distributing a ``setuptools``-based project -=========================================== - -Using ``setuptools``... Without bundling it! ---------------------------------------------- - -Your users might not have ``setuptools`` installed on their machines, or even -if they do, it might not be the right version. Fixing this is easy; just -download `distribute_setup.py`_, and put it in the same directory as your ``setup.py`` -script. (Be sure to add it to your revision control system, too.) Then add -these two lines to the very top of your setup script, before the script imports -anything from setuptools: - -.. code-block:: python - - import distribute_setup - distribute_setup.use_setuptools() - -That's it. The ``distribute_setup`` module will automatically download a matching -version of ``setuptools`` from PyPI, if it isn't present on the target system. -Whenever you install an updated version of setuptools, you should also update -your projects' ``distribute_setup.py`` files, so that a matching version gets installed -on the target machine(s). - -By the way, setuptools supports the new PyPI "upload" command, so you can use -``setup.py sdist upload`` or ``setup.py bdist_egg upload`` to upload your -source or egg distributions respectively. Your project's current version must -be registered with PyPI first, of course; you can use ``setup.py register`` to -do that. Or you can do it all in one step, e.g. ``setup.py register sdist -bdist_egg upload`` will register the package, build source and egg -distributions, and then upload them both to PyPI, where they'll be easily -found by other projects that depend on them. - -(By the way, if you need to distribute a specific version of ``setuptools``, -you can specify the exact version and base download URL as parameters to the -``use_setuptools()`` function. See the function's docstring for details.) - - -What Your Users Should Know ---------------------------- - -In general, a setuptools-based project looks just like any distutils-based -project -- as long as your users have an internet connection and are installing -to ``site-packages``, that is. But for some users, these conditions don't -apply, and they may become frustrated if this is their first encounter with -a setuptools-based project. To keep these users happy, you should review the -following topics in your project's installation instructions, if they are -relevant to your project and your target audience isn't already familiar with -setuptools and ``easy_install``. - -Network Access - If your project is using ``distribute_setup``, you should inform users of the - need to either have network access, or to preinstall the correct version of - setuptools using the `EasyInstall installation instructions`_. Those - instructions also have tips for dealing with firewalls as well as how to - manually download and install setuptools. - -Custom Installation Locations - You should inform your users that if they are installing your project to - somewhere other than the main ``site-packages`` directory, they should - first install setuptools using the instructions for `Custom Installation - Locations`_, before installing your project. - -Your Project's Dependencies - If your project depends on other projects that may need to be downloaded - from PyPI or elsewhere, you should list them in your installation - instructions, or tell users how to find out what they are. While most - users will not need this information, any users who don't have unrestricted - internet access may have to find, download, and install the other projects - manually. (Note, however, that they must still install those projects - using ``easy_install``, or your project will not know they are installed, - and your setup script will try to download them again.) - - If you want to be especially friendly to users with limited network access, - you may wish to build eggs for your project and its dependencies, making - them all available for download from your site, or at least create a page - with links to all of the needed eggs. In this way, users with limited - network access can manually download all the eggs to a single directory, - then use the ``-f`` option of ``easy_install`` to specify the directory - to find eggs in. Users who have full network access can just use ``-f`` - with the URL of your download page, and ``easy_install`` will find all the - needed eggs using your links directly. This is also useful when your - target audience isn't able to compile packages (e.g. most Windows users) - and your package or some of its dependencies include C code. - -Subversion or CVS Users and Co-Developers - Users and co-developers who are tracking your in-development code using - CVS, Subversion, or some other revision control system should probably read - this manual's sections regarding such development. Alternately, you may - wish to create a quick-reference guide containing the tips from this manual - that apply to your particular situation. For example, if you recommend - that people use ``setup.py develop`` when tracking your in-development - code, you should let them know that this needs to be run after every update - or commit. - - Similarly, if you remove modules or data files from your project, you - should remind them to run ``setup.py clean --all`` and delete any obsolete - ``.pyc`` or ``.pyo``. (This tip applies to the distutils in general, not - just setuptools, but not everybody knows about them; be kind to your users - by spelling out your project's best practices rather than leaving them - guessing.) - -Creating System Packages - Some users want to manage all Python packages using a single package - manager, and sometimes that package manager isn't ``easy_install``! - Setuptools currently supports ``bdist_rpm``, ``bdist_wininst``, and - ``bdist_dumb`` formats for system packaging. If a user has a locally- - installed "bdist" packaging tool that internally uses the distutils - ``install`` command, it should be able to work with ``setuptools``. Some - examples of "bdist" formats that this should work with include the - ``bdist_nsi`` and ``bdist_msi`` formats for Windows. - - However, packaging tools that build binary distributions by running - ``setup.py install`` on the command line or as a subprocess will require - modification to work with setuptools. They should use the - ``--single-version-externally-managed`` option to the ``install`` command, - combined with the standard ``--root`` or ``--record`` options. - See the `install command`_ documentation below for more details. The - ``bdist_deb`` command is an example of a command that currently requires - this kind of patching to work with setuptools. - - If you or your users have a problem building a usable system package for - your project, please report the problem via the mailing list so that - either the "bdist" tool in question or setuptools can be modified to - resolve the issue. - - - -Managing Multiple Projects --------------------------- - -If you're managing several projects that need to use ``distribute_setup``, and you -are using Subversion as your revision control system, you can use the -"svn:externals" property to share a single copy of ``distribute_setup`` between -projects, so that it will always be up-to-date whenever you check out or update -an individual project, without having to manually update each project to use -a new version. - -However, because Subversion only supports using directories as externals, you -have to turn ``distribute_setup.py`` into ``distribute_setup/__init__.py`` in order -to do this, then create "externals" definitions that map the ``distribute_setup`` -directory into each project. Also, if any of your projects use -``find_packages()`` on their setup directory, you will need to exclude the -resulting ``distribute_setup`` package, to keep it from being included in your -distributions, e.g.:: - - setup( - ... - packages = find_packages(exclude=['distribute_setup']), - ) - -Of course, the ``distribute_setup`` package will still be included in your -packages' source distributions, as it needs to be. - -For your convenience, you may use the following external definition, which will -track the latest version of setuptools:: - - ez_setup svn://svn.eby-sarna.com/svnroot/ez_setup - -You can set this by executing this command in your project directory:: - - svn propedit svn:externals . - -And then adding the line shown above to the file that comes up for editing. - - -Setting the ``zip_safe`` flag ------------------------------ - -For maximum performance, Python packages are best installed as zip files. -Not all packages, however, are capable of running in compressed form, because -they may expect to be able to access either source code or data files as -normal operating system files. So, ``setuptools`` can install your project -as a zipfile or a directory, and its default choice is determined by the -project's ``zip_safe`` flag. - -You can pass a True or False value for the ``zip_safe`` argument to the -``setup()`` function, or you can omit it. If you omit it, the ``bdist_egg`` -command will analyze your project's contents to see if it can detect any -conditions that would prevent it from working in a zipfile. It will output -notices to the console about any such conditions that it finds. - -Currently, this analysis is extremely conservative: it will consider the -project unsafe if it contains any C extensions or datafiles whatsoever. This -does *not* mean that the project can't or won't work as a zipfile! It just -means that the ``bdist_egg`` authors aren't yet comfortable asserting that -the project *will* work. If the project contains no C or data files, and does -no ``__file__`` or ``__path__`` introspection or source code manipulation, then -there is an extremely solid chance the project will work when installed as a -zipfile. (And if the project uses ``pkg_resources`` for all its data file -access, then C extensions and other data files shouldn't be a problem at all. -See the `Accessing Data Files at Runtime`_ section above for more information.) - -However, if ``bdist_egg`` can't be *sure* that your package will work, but -you've checked over all the warnings it issued, and you are either satisfied it -*will* work (or if you want to try it for yourself), then you should set -``zip_safe`` to ``True`` in your ``setup()`` call. If it turns out that it -doesn't work, you can always change it to ``False``, which will force -``setuptools`` to install your project as a directory rather than as a zipfile. - -Of course, the end-user can still override either decision, if they are using -EasyInstall to install your package. And, if you want to override for testing -purposes, you can just run ``setup.py easy_install --zip-ok .`` or ``setup.py -easy_install --always-unzip .`` in your project directory. to install the -package as a zipfile or directory, respectively. - -In the future, as we gain more experience with different packages and become -more satisfied with the robustness of the ``pkg_resources`` runtime, the -"zip safety" analysis may become less conservative. However, we strongly -recommend that you determine for yourself whether your project functions -correctly when installed as a zipfile, correct any problems if you can, and -then make an explicit declaration of ``True`` or ``False`` for the ``zip_safe`` -flag, so that it will not be necessary for ``bdist_egg`` or ``EasyInstall`` to -try to guess whether your project can work as a zipfile. - - -Namespace Packages ------------------- - -Sometimes, a large package is more useful if distributed as a collection of -smaller eggs. However, Python does not normally allow the contents of a -package to be retrieved from more than one location. "Namespace packages" -are a solution for this problem. When you declare a package to be a namespace -package, it means that the package has no meaningful contents in its -``__init__.py``, and that it is merely a container for modules and subpackages. - -The ``pkg_resources`` runtime will then automatically ensure that the contents -of namespace packages that are spread over multiple eggs or directories are -combined into a single "virtual" package. - -The ``namespace_packages`` argument to ``setup()`` lets you declare your -project's namespace packages, so that they will be included in your project's -metadata. The argument should list the namespace packages that the egg -participates in. For example, the ZopeInterface project might do this:: - - setup( - # ... - namespace_packages = ['zope'] - ) - -because it contains a ``zope.interface`` package that lives in the ``zope`` -namespace package. Similarly, a project for a standalone ``zope.publisher`` -would also declare the ``zope`` namespace package. When these projects are -installed and used, Python will see them both as part of a "virtual" ``zope`` -package, even though they will be installed in different locations. - -Namespace packages don't have to be top-level packages. For example, Zope 3's -``zope.app`` package is a namespace package, and in the future PEAK's -``peak.util`` package will be too. - -Note, by the way, that your project's source tree must include the namespace -packages' ``__init__.py`` files (and the ``__init__.py`` of any parent -packages), in a normal Python package layout. These ``__init__.py`` files -*must* contain the line:: - - __import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__) - -This code ensures that the namespace package machinery is operating and that -the current package is registered as a namespace package. - -You must NOT include any other code and data in a namespace package's -``__init__.py``. Even though it may appear to work during development, or when -projects are installed as ``.egg`` files, it will not work when the projects -are installed using "system" packaging tools -- in such cases the -``__init__.py`` files will not be installed, let alone executed. - -You must include the ``declare_namespace()`` line in the ``__init__.py`` of -*every* project that has contents for the namespace package in question, in -order to ensure that the namespace will be declared regardless of which -project's copy of ``__init__.py`` is loaded first. If the first loaded -``__init__.py`` doesn't declare it, it will never *be* declared, because no -other copies will ever be loaded!) - - -TRANSITIONAL NOTE -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Setuptools 0.6a automatically calls ``declare_namespace()`` for you at runtime, -but the 0.7a versions will *not*. This is because the automatic declaration -feature has some negative side effects, such as needing to import all namespace -packages during the initialization of the ``pkg_resources`` runtime, and also -the need for ``pkg_resources`` to be explicitly imported before any namespace -packages work at all. Beginning with the 0.7a releases, you'll be responsible -for including your own declaration lines, and the automatic declaration feature -will be dropped to get rid of the negative side effects. - -During the remainder of the 0.6 development cycle, therefore, setuptools will -warn you about missing ``declare_namespace()`` calls in your ``__init__.py`` -files, and you should correct these as soon as possible before setuptools 0.7a1 -is released. Namespace packages without declaration lines will not work -correctly once a user has upgraded to setuptools 0.7a1, so it's important that -you make this change now in order to avoid having your code break in the field. -Our apologies for the inconvenience, and thank you for your patience. - - - -Tagging and "Daily Build" or "Snapshot" Releases ------------------------------------------------- - -When a set of related projects are under development, it may be important to -track finer-grained version increments than you would normally use for e.g. -"stable" releases. While stable releases might be measured in dotted numbers -with alpha/beta/etc. status codes, development versions of a project often -need to be tracked by revision or build number or even build date. This is -especially true when projects in development need to refer to one another, and -therefore may literally need an up-to-the-minute version of something! - -To support these scenarios, ``setuptools`` allows you to "tag" your source and -egg distributions by adding one or more of the following to the project's -"official" version identifier: - -* A manually-specified pre-release tag, such as "build" or "dev", or a - manually-specified post-release tag, such as a build or revision number - (``--tag-build=STRING, -bSTRING``) - -* A "last-modified revision number" string generated automatically from - Subversion's metadata (assuming your project is being built from a Subversion - "working copy") (``--tag-svn-revision, -r``) - -* An 8-character representation of the build date (``--tag-date, -d``), as - a postrelease tag - -You can add these tags by adding ``egg_info`` and the desired options to -the command line ahead of the ``sdist`` or ``bdist`` commands that you want -to generate a daily build or snapshot for. See the section below on the -`egg_info`_ command for more details. - -(Also, before you release your project, be sure to see the section above on -`Specifying Your Project's Version`_ for more information about how pre- and -post-release tags affect how setuptools and EasyInstall interpret version -numbers. This is important in order to make sure that dependency processing -tools will know which versions of your project are newer than others.) - -Finally, if you are creating builds frequently, and either building them in a -downloadable location or are copying them to a distribution server, you should -probably also check out the `rotate`_ command, which lets you automatically -delete all but the N most-recently-modified distributions matching a glob -pattern. So, you can use a command line like:: - - setup.py egg_info -rbDEV bdist_egg rotate -m.egg -k3 - -to build an egg whose version info includes 'DEV-rNNNN' (where NNNN is the -most recent Subversion revision that affected the source tree), and then -delete any egg files from the distribution directory except for the three -that were built most recently. - -If you have to manage automated builds for multiple packages, each with -different tagging and rotation policies, you may also want to check out the -`alias`_ command, which would let each package define an alias like ``daily`` -that would perform the necessary tag, build, and rotate commands. Then, a -simpler script or cron job could just run ``setup.py daily`` in each project -directory. (And, you could also define sitewide or per-user default versions -of the ``daily`` alias, so that projects that didn't define their own would -use the appropriate defaults.) - - -Generating Source Distributions -------------------------------- - -``setuptools`` enhances the distutils' default algorithm for source file -selection, so that all files managed by CVS or Subversion in your project tree -are included in any source distribution you build. This is a big improvement -over having to manually write a ``MANIFEST.in`` file and try to keep it in -sync with your project. So, if you are using CVS or Subversion, and your -source distributions only need to include files that you're tracking in -revision control, don't create a a ``MANIFEST.in`` file for your project. -(And, if you already have one, you might consider deleting it the next time -you would otherwise have to change it.) - -(NOTE: other revision control systems besides CVS and Subversion can be -supported using plugins; see the section below on `Adding Support for Other -Revision Control Systems`_ for information on how to write such plugins.) - -If you need to include automatically generated files, or files that are kept in -an unsupported revision control system, you'll need to create a ``MANIFEST.in`` -file to specify any files that the default file location algorithm doesn't -catch. See the distutils documentation for more information on the format of -the ``MANIFEST.in`` file. - -But, be sure to ignore any part of the distutils documentation that deals with -``MANIFEST`` or how it's generated from ``MANIFEST.in``; setuptools shields you -from these issues and doesn't work the same way in any case. Unlike the -distutils, setuptools regenerates the source distribution manifest file -every time you build a source distribution, and it builds it inside the -project's ``.egg-info`` directory, out of the way of your main project -directory. You therefore need not worry about whether it is up-to-date or not. - -Indeed, because setuptools' approach to determining the contents of a source -distribution is so much simpler, its ``sdist`` command omits nearly all of -the options that the distutils' more complex ``sdist`` process requires. For -all practical purposes, you'll probably use only the ``--formats`` option, if -you use any option at all. - -(By the way, if you're using some other revision control system, you might -consider creating and publishing a `revision control plugin for setuptools`_.) - - -.. _revision control plugin for setuptools: `Adding Support for Other Revision Control Systems`_ - - -Making your package available for EasyInstall ---------------------------------------------- - -If you use the ``register`` command (``setup.py register``) to register your -package with PyPI, that's most of the battle right there. (See the -`docs for the register command`_ for more details.) - -.. _docs for the register command: http://docs.python.org/dist/package-index.html - -If you also use the `upload`_ command to upload actual distributions of your -package, that's even better, because EasyInstall will be able to find and -download them directly from your project's PyPI page. - -However, there may be reasons why you don't want to upload distributions to -PyPI, and just want your existing distributions (or perhaps a Subversion -checkout) to be used instead. - -So here's what you need to do before running the ``register`` command. There -are three ``setup()`` arguments that affect EasyInstall: - -``url`` and ``download_url`` - These become links on your project's PyPI page. EasyInstall will examine - them to see if they link to a package ("primary links"), or whether they are - HTML pages. If they're HTML pages, EasyInstall scans all HREF's on the - page for primary links - -``long_description`` - EasyInstall will check any URLs contained in this argument to see if they - are primary links. - -A URL is considered a "primary link" if it is a link to a .tar.gz, .tgz, .zip, -.egg, .egg.zip, .tar.bz2, or .exe file, or if it has an ``#egg=project`` or -``#egg=project-version`` fragment identifier attached to it. EasyInstall -attempts to determine a project name and optional version number from the text -of a primary link *without* downloading it. When it has found all the primary -links, EasyInstall will select the best match based on requested version, -platform compatibility, and other criteria. - -So, if your ``url`` or ``download_url`` point either directly to a downloadable -source distribution, or to HTML page(s) that have direct links to such, then -EasyInstall will be able to locate downloads automatically. If you want to -make Subversion checkouts available, then you should create links with either -``#egg=project`` or ``#egg=project-version`` added to the URL. You should -replace ``project`` and ``version`` with the values they would have in an egg -filename. (Be sure to actually generate an egg and then use the initial part -of the filename, rather than trying to guess what the escaped form of the -project name and version number will be.) - -Note that Subversion checkout links are of lower precedence than other kinds -of distributions, so EasyInstall will not select a Subversion checkout for -downloading unless it has a version included in the ``#egg=`` suffix, and -it's a higher version than EasyInstall has seen in any other links for your -project. - -As a result, it's a common practice to use mark checkout URLs with a version of -"dev" (i.e., ``#egg=projectname-dev``), so that users can do something like -this:: - - easy_install --editable projectname==dev - -in order to check out the in-development version of ``projectname``. - - -Managing "Continuous Releases" Using Subversion ------------------------------------------------ - -If you expect your users to track in-development versions of your project via -Subversion, there are a few additional steps you should take to ensure that -things work smoothly with EasyInstall. First, you should add the following -to your project's ``setup.cfg`` file: - -.. code-block:: ini - - [egg_info] - tag_build = .dev - tag_svn_revision = 1 - -This will tell ``setuptools`` to generate package version numbers like -``1.0a1.dev-r1263``, which will be considered to be an *older* release than -``1.0a1``. Thus, when you actually release ``1.0a1``, the entire egg -infrastructure (including ``setuptools``, ``pkg_resources`` and EasyInstall) -will know that ``1.0a1`` supersedes any interim snapshots from Subversion, and -handle upgrades accordingly. - -(Note: the project version number you specify in ``setup.py`` should always be -the *next* version of your software, not the last released version. -Alternately, you can leave out the ``tag_build=.dev``, and always use the -*last* release as a version number, so that your post-1.0 builds are labelled -``1.0-r1263``, indicating a post-1.0 patchlevel. Most projects so far, -however, seem to prefer to think of their project as being a future version -still under development, rather than a past version being patched. It is of -course possible for a single project to have both situations, using -post-release numbering on release branches, and pre-release numbering on the -trunk. But you don't have to make things this complex if you don't want to.) - -Commonly, projects releasing code from Subversion will include a PyPI link to -their checkout URL (as described in the previous section) with an -``#egg=projectname-dev`` suffix. This allows users to request EasyInstall -to download ``projectname==dev`` in order to get the latest in-development -code. Note that if your project depends on such in-progress code, you may wish -to specify your ``install_requires`` (or other requirements) to include -``==dev``, e.g.: - -.. code-block:: python - - install_requires = ["OtherProject>=0.2a1.dev-r143,==dev"] - -The above example says, "I really want at least this particular development -revision number, but feel free to follow and use an ``#egg=OtherProject-dev`` -link if you find one". This avoids the need to have actual source or binary -distribution snapshots of in-development code available, just to be able to -depend on the latest and greatest a project has to offer. - -A final note for Subversion development: if you are using SVN revision tags -as described in this section, it's a good idea to run ``setup.py develop`` -after each Subversion checkin or update, because your project's version number -will be changing, and your script wrappers need to be updated accordingly. - -Also, if the project's requirements have changed, the ``develop`` command will -take care of fetching the updated dependencies, building changed extensions, -etc. Be sure to also remind any of your users who check out your project -from Subversion that they need to run ``setup.py develop`` after every update -in order to keep their checkout completely in sync. - - -Making "Official" (Non-Snapshot) Releases -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -When you make an official release, creating source or binary distributions, -you will need to override the tag settings from ``setup.cfg``, so that you -don't end up registering versions like ``foobar-0.7a1.dev-r34832``. This is -easy to do if you are developing on the trunk and using tags or branches for -your releases - just make the change to ``setup.cfg`` after branching or -tagging the release, so the trunk will still produce development snapshots. - -Alternately, if you are not branching for releases, you can override the -default version options on the command line, using something like:: - - python setup.py egg_info -RDb "" sdist bdist_egg register upload - -The first part of this command (``egg_info -RDb ""``) will override the -configured tag information, before creating source and binary eggs, registering -the project with PyPI, and uploading the files. Thus, these commands will use -the plain version from your ``setup.py``, without adding the Subversion -revision number or build designation string. - -Of course, if you will be doing this a lot, you may wish to create a personal -alias for this operation, e.g.:: - - python setup.py alias -u release egg_info -RDb "" - -You can then use it like this:: - - python setup.py release sdist bdist_egg register upload - -Or of course you can create more elaborate aliases that do all of the above. -See the sections below on the `egg_info`_ and `alias`_ commands for more ideas. - - - -Distributing Extensions compiled with Pyrex -------------------------------------------- - -``setuptools`` includes transparent support for building Pyrex extensions, as -long as you define your extensions using ``setuptools.Extension``, *not* -``distutils.Extension``. You must also not import anything from Pyrex in -your setup script. - -If you follow these rules, you can safely list ``.pyx`` files as the source -of your ``Extension`` objects in the setup script. ``setuptools`` will detect -at build time whether Pyrex is installed or not. If it is, then ``setuptools`` -will use it. If not, then ``setuptools`` will silently change the -``Extension`` objects to refer to the ``.c`` counterparts of the ``.pyx`` -files, so that the normal distutils C compilation process will occur. - -Of course, for this to work, your source distributions must include the C -code generated by Pyrex, as well as your original ``.pyx`` files. This means -that you will probably want to include current ``.c`` files in your revision -control system, rebuilding them whenever you check changes in for the ``.pyx`` -source files. This will ensure that people tracking your project in CVS or -Subversion will be able to build it even if they don't have Pyrex installed, -and that your source releases will be similarly usable with or without Pyrex. - - ------------------ -Command Reference ------------------ - -.. _alias: - -``alias`` - Define shortcuts for commonly used commands -======================================================= - -Sometimes, you need to use the same commands over and over, but you can't -necessarily set them as defaults. For example, if you produce both development -snapshot releases and "stable" releases of a project, you may want to put -the distributions in different places, or use different ``egg_info`` tagging -options, etc. In these cases, it doesn't make sense to set the options in -a distutils configuration file, because the values of the options changed based -on what you're trying to do. - -Setuptools therefore allows you to define "aliases" - shortcut names for -an arbitrary string of commands and options, using ``setup.py alias aliasname -expansion``, where aliasname is the name of the new alias, and the remainder of -the command line supplies its expansion. For example, this command defines -a sitewide alias called "daily", that sets various ``egg_info`` tagging -options:: - - setup.py alias --global-config daily egg_info --tag-svn-revision \ - --tag-build=development - -Once the alias is defined, it can then be used with other setup commands, -e.g.:: - - setup.py daily bdist_egg # generate a daily-build .egg file - setup.py daily sdist # generate a daily-build source distro - setup.py daily sdist bdist_egg # generate both - -The above commands are interpreted as if the word ``daily`` were replaced with -``egg_info --tag-svn-revision --tag-build=development``. - -Note that setuptools will expand each alias *at most once* in a given command -line. This serves two purposes. First, if you accidentally create an alias -loop, it will have no effect; you'll instead get an error message about an -unknown command. Second, it allows you to define an alias for a command, that -uses that command. For example, this (project-local) alias:: - - setup.py alias bdist_egg bdist_egg rotate -k1 -m.egg - -redefines the ``bdist_egg`` command so that it always runs the ``rotate`` -command afterwards to delete all but the newest egg file. It doesn't loop -indefinitely on ``bdist_egg`` because the alias is only expanded once when -used. - -You can remove a defined alias with the ``--remove`` (or ``-r``) option, e.g.:: - - setup.py alias --global-config --remove daily - -would delete the "daily" alias we defined above. - -Aliases can be defined on a project-specific, per-user, or sitewide basis. The -default is to define or remove a project-specific alias, but you can use any of -the `configuration file options`_ (listed under the `saveopts`_ command, below) -to determine which distutils configuration file an aliases will be added to -(or removed from). - -Note that if you omit the "expansion" argument to the ``alias`` command, -you'll get output showing that alias' current definition (and what -configuration file it's defined in). If you omit the alias name as well, -you'll get a listing of all current aliases along with their configuration -file locations. - - -``bdist_egg`` - Create a Python Egg for the project -=================================================== - -This command generates a Python Egg (``.egg`` file) for the project. Python -Eggs are the preferred binary distribution format for EasyInstall, because they -are cross-platform (for "pure" packages), directly importable, and contain -project metadata including scripts and information about the project's -dependencies. They can be simply downloaded and added to ``sys.path`` -directly, or they can be placed in a directory on ``sys.path`` and then -automatically discovered by the egg runtime system. - -This command runs the `egg_info`_ command (if it hasn't already run) to update -the project's metadata (``.egg-info``) directory. If you have added any extra -metadata files to the ``.egg-info`` directory, those files will be included in -the new egg file's metadata directory, for use by the egg runtime system or by -any applications or frameworks that use that metadata. - -You won't usually need to specify any special options for this command; just -use ``bdist_egg`` and you're done. But there are a few options that may -be occasionally useful: - -``--dist-dir=DIR, -d DIR`` - Set the directory where the ``.egg`` file will be placed. If you don't - supply this, then the ``--dist-dir`` setting of the ``bdist`` command - will be used, which is usually a directory named ``dist`` in the project - directory. - -``--plat-name=PLATFORM, -p PLATFORM`` - Set the platform name string that will be embedded in the egg's filename - (assuming the egg contains C extensions). This can be used to override - the distutils default platform name with something more meaningful. Keep - in mind, however, that the egg runtime system expects to see eggs with - distutils platform names, so it may ignore or reject eggs with non-standard - platform names. Similarly, the EasyInstall program may ignore them when - searching web pages for download links. However, if you are - cross-compiling or doing some other unusual things, you might find a use - for this option. - -``--exclude-source-files`` - Don't include any modules' ``.py`` files in the egg, just compiled Python, - C, and data files. (Note that this doesn't affect any ``.py`` files in the - EGG-INFO directory or its subdirectories, since for example there may be - scripts with a ``.py`` extension which must still be retained.) We don't - recommend that you use this option except for packages that are being - bundled for proprietary end-user applications, or for "embedded" scenarios - where space is at an absolute premium. On the other hand, if your package - is going to be installed and used in compressed form, you might as well - exclude the source because Python's ``traceback`` module doesn't currently - understand how to display zipped source code anyway, or how to deal with - files that are in a different place from where their code was compiled. - -There are also some options you will probably never need, but which are there -because they were copied from similar ``bdist`` commands used as an example for -creating this one. They may be useful for testing and debugging, however, -which is why we kept them: - -``--keep-temp, -k`` - Keep the contents of the ``--bdist-dir`` tree around after creating the - ``.egg`` file. - -``--bdist-dir=DIR, -b DIR`` - Set the temporary directory for creating the distribution. The entire - contents of this directory are zipped to create the ``.egg`` file, after - running various installation commands to copy the package's modules, data, - and extensions here. - -``--skip-build`` - Skip doing any "build" commands; just go straight to the - install-and-compress phases. - - -.. _develop: - -``develop`` - Deploy the project source in "Development Mode" -============================================================= - -This command allows you to deploy your project's source for use in one or more -"staging areas" where it will be available for importing. This deployment is -done in such a way that changes to the project source are immediately available -in the staging area(s), without needing to run a build or install step after -each change. - -The ``develop`` command works by creating an ``.egg-link`` file (named for the -project) in the given staging area. If the staging area is Python's -``site-packages`` directory, it also updates an ``easy-install.pth`` file so -that the project is on ``sys.path`` by default for all programs run using that -Python installation. - -The ``develop`` command also installs wrapper scripts in the staging area (or -a separate directory, as specified) that will ensure the project's dependencies -are available on ``sys.path`` before running the project's source scripts. -And, it ensures that any missing project dependencies are available in the -staging area, by downloading and installing them if necessary. - -Last, but not least, the ``develop`` command invokes the ``build_ext -i`` -command to ensure any C extensions in the project have been built and are -up-to-date, and the ``egg_info`` command to ensure the project's metadata is -updated (so that the runtime and wrappers know what the project's dependencies -are). If you make any changes to the project's setup script or C extensions, -you should rerun the ``develop`` command against all relevant staging areas to -keep the project's scripts, metadata and extensions up-to-date. Most other -kinds of changes to your project should not require any build operations or -rerunning ``develop``, but keep in mind that even minor changes to the setup -script (e.g. changing an entry point definition) require you to re-run the -``develop`` or ``test`` commands to keep the distribution updated. - -Here are some of the options that the ``develop`` command accepts. Note that -they affect the project's dependencies as well as the project itself, so if you -have dependencies that need to be installed and you use ``--exclude-scripts`` -(for example), the dependencies' scripts will not be installed either! For -this reason, you may want to use EasyInstall to install the project's -dependencies before using the ``develop`` command, if you need finer control -over the installation options for dependencies. - -``--uninstall, -u`` - Un-deploy the current project. You may use the ``--install-dir`` or ``-d`` - option to designate the staging area. The created ``.egg-link`` file will - be removed, if present and it is still pointing to the project directory. - The project directory will be removed from ``easy-install.pth`` if the - staging area is Python's ``site-packages`` directory. - - Note that this option currently does *not* uninstall script wrappers! You - must uninstall them yourself, or overwrite them by using EasyInstall to - activate a different version of the package. You can also avoid installing - script wrappers in the first place, if you use the ``--exclude-scripts`` - (aka ``-x``) option when you run ``develop`` to deploy the project. - -``--multi-version, -m`` - "Multi-version" mode. Specifying this option prevents ``develop`` from - adding an ``easy-install.pth`` entry for the project(s) being deployed, and - if an entry for any version of a project already exists, the entry will be - removed upon successful deployment. In multi-version mode, no specific - version of the package is available for importing, unless you use - ``pkg_resources.require()`` to put it on ``sys.path``, or you are running - a wrapper script generated by ``setuptools`` or EasyInstall. (In which - case the wrapper script calls ``require()`` for you.) - - Note that if you install to a directory other than ``site-packages``, - this option is automatically in effect, because ``.pth`` files can only be - used in ``site-packages`` (at least in Python 2.3 and 2.4). So, if you use - the ``--install-dir`` or ``-d`` option (or they are set via configuration - file(s)) your project and its dependencies will be deployed in multi- - version mode. - -``--install-dir=DIR, -d DIR`` - Set the installation directory (staging area). If this option is not - directly specified on the command line or in a distutils configuration - file, the distutils default installation location is used. Normally, this - will be the ``site-packages`` directory, but if you are using distutils - configuration files, setting things like ``prefix`` or ``install_lib``, - then those settings are taken into account when computing the default - staging area. - -``--script-dir=DIR, -s DIR`` - Set the script installation directory. If you don't supply this option - (via the command line or a configuration file), but you *have* supplied - an ``--install-dir`` (via command line or config file), then this option - defaults to the same directory, so that the scripts will be able to find - their associated package installation. Otherwise, this setting defaults - to the location where the distutils would normally install scripts, taking - any distutils configuration file settings into account. - -``--exclude-scripts, -x`` - Don't deploy script wrappers. This is useful if you don't want to disturb - existing versions of the scripts in the staging area. - -``--always-copy, -a`` - Copy all needed distributions to the staging area, even if they - are already present in another directory on ``sys.path``. By default, if - a requirement can be met using a distribution that is already available in - a directory on ``sys.path``, it will not be copied to the staging area. - -``--egg-path=DIR`` - Force the generated ``.egg-link`` file to use a specified relative path - to the source directory. This can be useful in circumstances where your - installation directory is being shared by code running under multiple - platforms (e.g. Mac and Windows) which have different absolute locations - for the code under development, but the same *relative* locations with - respect to the installation directory. If you use this option when - installing, you must supply the same relative path when uninstalling. - -In addition to the above options, the ``develop`` command also accepts all of -the same options accepted by ``easy_install``. If you've configured any -``easy_install`` settings in your ``setup.cfg`` (or other distutils config -files), the ``develop`` command will use them as defaults, unless you override -them in a ``[develop]`` section or on the command line. - - -``easy_install`` - Find and install packages -============================================ - -This command runs the `EasyInstall tool -<http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall>`_ for you. It is exactly -equivalent to running the ``easy_install`` command. All command line arguments -following this command are consumed and not processed further by the distutils, -so this must be the last command listed on the command line. Please see -the EasyInstall documentation for the options reference and usage examples. -Normally, there is no reason to use this command via the command line, as you -can just use ``easy_install`` directly. It's only listed here so that you know -it's a distutils command, which means that you can: - -* create command aliases that use it, -* create distutils extensions that invoke it as a subcommand, and -* configure options for it in your ``setup.cfg`` or other distutils config - files. - - -.. _egg_info: - -``egg_info`` - Create egg metadata and set build tags -===================================================== - -This command performs two operations: it updates a project's ``.egg-info`` -metadata directory (used by the ``bdist_egg``, ``develop``, and ``test`` -commands), and it allows you to temporarily change a project's version string, -to support "daily builds" or "snapshot" releases. It is run automatically by -the ``sdist``, ``bdist_egg``, ``develop``, ``register``, and ``test`` commands -in order to update the project's metadata, but you can also specify it -explicitly in order to temporarily change the project's version string while -executing other commands. (It also generates the``.egg-info/SOURCES.txt`` -manifest file, which is used when you are building source distributions.) - -In addition to writing the core egg metadata defined by ``setuptools`` and -required by ``pkg_resources``, this command can be extended to write other -metadata files as well, by defining entry points in the ``egg_info.writers`` -group. See the section on `Adding new EGG-INFO Files`_ below for more details. -Note that using additional metadata writers may require you to include a -``setup_requires`` argument to ``setup()`` in order to ensure that the desired -writers are available on ``sys.path``. - - -Release Tagging Options ------------------------ - -The following options can be used to modify the project's version string for -all remaining commands on the setup command line. The options are processed -in the order shown, so if you use more than one, the requested tags will be -added in the following order: - -``--tag-build=NAME, -b NAME`` - Append NAME to the project's version string. Due to the way setuptools - processes "pre-release" version suffixes beginning with the letters "a" - through "e" (like "alpha", "beta", and "candidate"), you will usually want - to use a tag like ".build" or ".dev", as this will cause the version number - to be considered *lower* than the project's default version. (If you - want to make the version number *higher* than the default version, you can - always leave off --tag-build and then use one or both of the following - options.) - - If you have a default build tag set in your ``setup.cfg``, you can suppress - it on the command line using ``-b ""`` or ``--tag-build=""`` as an argument - to the ``egg_info`` command. - -``--tag-svn-revision, -r`` - If the current directory is a Subversion checkout (i.e. has a ``.svn`` - subdirectory, this appends a string of the form "-rNNNN" to the project's - version string, where NNNN is the revision number of the most recent - modification to the current directory, as obtained from the ``svn info`` - command. - - If the current directory is not a Subversion checkout, the command will - look for a ``PKG-INFO`` file instead, and try to find the revision number - from that, by looking for a "-rNNNN" string at the end of the version - number. (This is so that building a package from a source distribution of - a Subversion snapshot will produce a binary with the correct version - number.) - - If there is no ``PKG-INFO`` file, or the version number contained therein - does not end with ``-r`` and a number, then ``-r0`` is used. - -``--no-svn-revision, -R`` - Don't include the Subversion revision in the version number. This option - is included so you can override a default setting put in ``setup.cfg``. - -``--tag-date, -d`` - Add a date stamp of the form "-YYYYMMDD" (e.g. "-20050528") to the - project's version number. - -``--no-date, -D`` - Don't include a date stamp in the version number. This option is included - so you can override a default setting in ``setup.cfg``. - - -(Note: Because these options modify the version number used for source and -binary distributions of your project, you should first make sure that you know -how the resulting version numbers will be interpreted by automated tools -like EasyInstall. See the section above on `Specifying Your Project's -Version`_ for an explanation of pre- and post-release tags, as well as tips on -how to choose and verify a versioning scheme for your your project.) - -For advanced uses, there is one other option that can be set, to change the -location of the project's ``.egg-info`` directory. Commands that need to find -the project's source directory or metadata should get it from this setting: - - -Other ``egg_info`` Options --------------------------- - -``--egg-base=SOURCEDIR, -e SOURCEDIR`` - Specify the directory that should contain the .egg-info directory. This - should normally be the root of your project's source tree (which is not - necessarily the same as your project directory; some projects use a ``src`` - or ``lib`` subdirectory as the source root). You should not normally need - to specify this directory, as it is normally determined from the - ``package_dir`` argument to the ``setup()`` function, if any. If there is - no ``package_dir`` set, this option defaults to the current directory. - - -``egg_info`` Examples ---------------------- - -Creating a dated "nightly build" snapshot egg:: - - python setup.py egg_info --tag-date --tag-build=DEV bdist_egg - -Creating and uploading a release with no version tags, even if some default -tags are specified in ``setup.cfg``:: - - python setup.py egg_info -RDb "" sdist bdist_egg register upload - -(Notice that ``egg_info`` must always appear on the command line *before* any -commands that you want the version changes to apply to.) - - -.. _install command: - -``install`` - Run ``easy_install`` or old-style installation -============================================================ - -The setuptools ``install`` command is basically a shortcut to run the -``easy_install`` command on the current project. However, for convenience -in creating "system packages" of setuptools-based projects, you can also -use this option: - -``--single-version-externally-managed`` - This boolean option tells the ``install`` command to perform an "old style" - installation, with the addition of an ``.egg-info`` directory so that the - installed project will still have its metadata available and operate - normally. If you use this option, you *must* also specify the ``--root`` - or ``--record`` options (or both), because otherwise you will have no way - to identify and remove the installed files. - -This option is automatically in effect when ``install`` is invoked by another -distutils command, so that commands like ``bdist_wininst`` and ``bdist_rpm`` -will create system packages of eggs. It is also automatically in effect if -you specify the ``--root`` option. - - -``install_egg_info`` - Install an ``.egg-info`` directory in ``site-packages`` -============================================================================== - -Setuptools runs this command as part of ``install`` operations that use the -``--single-version-externally-managed`` options. You should not invoke it -directly; it is documented here for completeness and so that distutils -extensions such as system package builders can make use of it. This command -has only one option: - -``--install-dir=DIR, -d DIR`` - The parent directory where the ``.egg-info`` directory will be placed. - Defaults to the same as the ``--install-dir`` option specified for the - ``install_lib`` command, which is usually the system ``site-packages`` - directory. - -This command assumes that the ``egg_info`` command has been given valid options -via the command line or ``setup.cfg``, as it will invoke the ``egg_info`` -command and use its options to locate the project's source ``.egg-info`` -directory. - - -.. _rotate: - -``rotate`` - Delete outdated distribution files -=============================================== - -As you develop new versions of your project, your distribution (``dist``) -directory will gradually fill up with older source and/or binary distribution -files. The ``rotate`` command lets you automatically clean these up, keeping -only the N most-recently modified files matching a given pattern. - -``--match=PATTERNLIST, -m PATTERNLIST`` - Comma-separated list of glob patterns to match. This option is *required*. - The project name and ``-*`` is prepended to the supplied patterns, in order - to match only distributions belonging to the current project (in case you - have a shared distribution directory for multiple projects). Typically, - you will use a glob pattern like ``.zip`` or ``.egg`` to match files of - the specified type. Note that each supplied pattern is treated as a - distinct group of files for purposes of selecting files to delete. - -``--keep=COUNT, -k COUNT`` - Number of matching distributions to keep. For each group of files - identified by a pattern specified with the ``--match`` option, delete all - but the COUNT most-recently-modified files in that group. This option is - *required*. - -``--dist-dir=DIR, -d DIR`` - Directory where the distributions are. This defaults to the value of the - ``bdist`` command's ``--dist-dir`` option, which will usually be the - project's ``dist`` subdirectory. - -**Example 1**: Delete all .tar.gz files from the distribution directory, except -for the 3 most recently modified ones:: - - setup.py rotate --match=.tar.gz --keep=3 - -**Example 2**: Delete all Python 2.3 or Python 2.4 eggs from the distribution -directory, except the most recently modified one for each Python version:: - - setup.py rotate --match=-py2.3*.egg,-py2.4*.egg --keep=1 - - -.. _saveopts: - -``saveopts`` - Save used options to a configuration file -======================================================== - -Finding and editing ``distutils`` configuration files can be a pain, especially -since you also have to translate the configuration options from command-line -form to the proper configuration file format. You can avoid these hassles by -using the ``saveopts`` command. Just add it to the command line to save the -options you used. For example, this command builds the project using -the ``mingw32`` C compiler, then saves the --compiler setting as the default -for future builds (even those run implicitly by the ``install`` command):: - - setup.py build --compiler=mingw32 saveopts - -The ``saveopts`` command saves all options for every commmand specified on the -command line to the project's local ``setup.cfg`` file, unless you use one of -the `configuration file options`_ to change where the options are saved. For -example, this command does the same as above, but saves the compiler setting -to the site-wide (global) distutils configuration:: - - setup.py build --compiler=mingw32 saveopts -g - -Note that it doesn't matter where you place the ``saveopts`` command on the -command line; it will still save all the options specified for all commands. -For example, this is another valid way to spell the last example:: - - setup.py saveopts -g build --compiler=mingw32 - -Note, however, that all of the commands specified are always run, regardless of -where ``saveopts`` is placed on the command line. - - -Configuration File Options --------------------------- - -Normally, settings such as options and aliases are saved to the project's -local ``setup.cfg`` file. But you can override this and save them to the -global or per-user configuration files, or to a manually-specified filename. - -``--global-config, -g`` - Save settings to the global ``distutils.cfg`` file inside the ``distutils`` - package directory. You must have write access to that directory to use - this option. You also can't combine this option with ``-u`` or ``-f``. - -``--user-config, -u`` - Save settings to the current user's ``~/.pydistutils.cfg`` (POSIX) or - ``$HOME/pydistutils.cfg`` (Windows) file. You can't combine this option - with ``-g`` or ``-f``. - -``--filename=FILENAME, -f FILENAME`` - Save settings to the specified configuration file to use. You can't - combine this option with ``-g`` or ``-u``. Note that if you specify a - non-standard filename, the ``distutils`` and ``setuptools`` will not - use the file's contents. This option is mainly included for use in - testing. - -These options are used by other ``setuptools`` commands that modify -configuration files, such as the `alias`_ and `setopt`_ commands. - - -.. _setopt: - -``setopt`` - Set a distutils or setuptools option in a config file -================================================================== - -This command is mainly for use by scripts, but it can also be used as a quick -and dirty way to change a distutils configuration option without having to -remember what file the options are in and then open an editor. - -**Example 1**. Set the default C compiler to ``mingw32`` (using long option -names):: - - setup.py setopt --command=build --option=compiler --set-value=mingw32 - -**Example 2**. Remove any setting for the distutils default package -installation directory (short option names):: - - setup.py setopt -c install -o install_lib -r - - -Options for the ``setopt`` command: - -``--command=COMMAND, -c COMMAND`` - Command to set the option for. This option is required. - -``--option=OPTION, -o OPTION`` - The name of the option to set. This option is required. - -``--set-value=VALUE, -s VALUE`` - The value to set the option to. Not needed if ``-r`` or ``--remove`` is - set. - -``--remove, -r`` - Remove (unset) the option, instead of setting it. - -In addition to the above options, you may use any of the `configuration file -options`_ (listed under the `saveopts`_ command, above) to determine which -distutils configuration file the option will be added to (or removed from). - - -.. _test: - -``test`` - Build package and run a unittest suite -================================================= - -When doing test-driven development, or running automated builds that need -testing before they are deployed for downloading or use, it's often useful -to be able to run a project's unit tests without actually deploying the project -anywhere, even using the ``develop`` command. The ``test`` command runs a -project's unit tests without actually deploying it, by temporarily putting the -project's source on ``sys.path``, after first running ``build_ext -i`` and -``egg_info`` to ensure that any C extensions and project metadata are -up-to-date. - -To use this command, your project's tests must be wrapped in a ``unittest`` -test suite by either a function, a ``TestCase`` class or method, or a module -or package containing ``TestCase`` classes. If the named suite is a module, -and the module has an ``additional_tests()`` function, it is called and the -result (which must be a ``unittest.TestSuite``) is added to the tests to be -run. If the named suite is a package, any submodules and subpackages are -recursively added to the overall test suite. (Note: if your project specifies -a ``test_loader``, the rules for processing the chosen ``test_suite`` may -differ; see the `test_loader`_ documentation for more details.) - -Note that many test systems including ``doctest`` support wrapping their -non-``unittest`` tests in ``TestSuite`` objects. So, if you are using a test -package that does not support this, we suggest you encourage its developers to -implement test suite support, as this is a convenient and standard way to -aggregate a collection of tests to be run under a common test harness. - -By default, tests will be run in the "verbose" mode of the ``unittest`` -package's text test runner, but you can get the "quiet" mode (just dots) if -you supply the ``-q`` or ``--quiet`` option, either as a global option to -the setup script (e.g. ``setup.py -q test``) or as an option for the ``test`` -command itself (e.g. ``setup.py test -q``). There is one other option -available: - -``--test-suite=NAME, -s NAME`` - Specify the test suite (or module, class, or method) to be run - (e.g. ``some_module.test_suite``). The default for this option can be - set by giving a ``test_suite`` argument to the ``setup()`` function, e.g.:: - - setup( - # ... - test_suite = "my_package.tests.test_all" - ) - - If you did not set a ``test_suite`` in your ``setup()`` call, and do not - provide a ``--test-suite`` option, an error will occur. - - -.. _upload: - -``upload`` - Upload source and/or egg distributions to PyPI -=========================================================== - -PyPI now supports uploading project files for redistribution; uploaded files -are easily found by EasyInstall, even if you don't have download links on your -project's home page. - -Although Python 2.5 will support uploading all types of distributions to PyPI, -setuptools only supports source distributions and eggs. (This is partly -because PyPI's upload support is currently broken for various other file -types.) To upload files, you must include the ``upload`` command *after* the -``sdist`` or ``bdist_egg`` commands on the setup command line. For example:: - - setup.py bdist_egg upload # create an egg and upload it - setup.py sdist upload # create a source distro and upload it - setup.py sdist bdist_egg upload # create and upload both - -Note that to upload files for a project, the corresponding version must already -be registered with PyPI, using the distutils ``register`` command. It's -usually a good idea to include the ``register`` command at the start of the -command line, so that any registration problems can be found and fixed before -building and uploading the distributions, e.g.:: - - setup.py register sdist bdist_egg upload - -This will update PyPI's listing for your project's current version. - -Note, by the way, that the metadata in your ``setup()`` call determines what -will be listed in PyPI for your package. Try to fill out as much of it as -possible, as it will save you a lot of trouble manually adding and updating -your PyPI listings. Just put it in ``setup.py`` and use the ``register`` -comamnd to keep PyPI up to date. - -The ``upload`` command has a few options worth noting: - -``--sign, -s`` - Sign each uploaded file using GPG (GNU Privacy Guard). The ``gpg`` program - must be available for execution on the system ``PATH``. - -``--identity=NAME, -i NAME`` - Specify the identity or key name for GPG to use when signing. The value of - this option will be passed through the ``--local-user`` option of the - ``gpg`` program. - -``--show-response`` - Display the full response text from server; this is useful for debugging - PyPI problems. - -``--repository=URL, -r URL`` - The URL of the repository to upload to. Defaults to - http://pypi.python.org/pypi (i.e., the main PyPI installation). - -.. _upload_docs: - -``upload_docs`` - Upload package documentation to PyPI -====================================================== - -PyPI now supports uploading project documentation to the dedicated URL -http://packages.python.org/<project>/. - -The ``upload_docs`` command will create the necessary zip file out of a -documentation directory and will post to the repository. - -Note that to upload the documentation of a project, the corresponding version -must already be registered with PyPI, using the distutils ``register`` -command -- just like the ``upload`` command. - -Assuming there is an ``Example`` project with documentation in the -subdirectory ``docs``, e.g.:: - - Example/ - |-- example.py - |-- setup.cfg - |-- setup.py - |-- docs - | |-- build - | | `-- html - | | | |-- index.html - | | | `-- tips_tricks.html - | |-- conf.py - | |-- index.txt - | `-- tips_tricks.txt - -You can simply pass the documentation directory path to the ``upload_docs`` -command:: - - python setup.py upload_docs --upload-dir=docs/build/html - -If no ``--upload-dir`` is given, ``upload_docs`` will attempt to run the -``build_sphinx`` command to generate uploadable documentation. -For the command to become available, `Sphinx <http://sphinx.pocoo.org/>`_ -must be installed in the same environment as distribute. - -As with other ``setuptools``-based commands, you can define useful -defaults in the ``setup.cfg`` of your Python project, e.g.: - -.. code-block:: ini - - [upload_docs] - upload-dir = docs/build/html - -The ``upload_docs`` command has the following options: - -``--upload-dir`` - The directory to be uploaded to the repository. - -``--show-response`` - Display the full response text from server; this is useful for debugging - PyPI problems. - -``--repository=URL, -r URL`` - The URL of the repository to upload to. Defaults to - http://pypi.python.org/pypi (i.e., the main PyPI installation). - - --------------------------------- -Extending and Reusing Distribute --------------------------------- - -Creating ``distutils`` Extensions -================================= - -It can be hard to add new commands or setup arguments to the distutils. But -the ``setuptools`` package makes it a bit easier, by allowing you to distribute -a distutils extension as a separate project, and then have projects that need -the extension just refer to it in their ``setup_requires`` argument. - -With ``setuptools``, your distutils extension projects can hook in new -commands and ``setup()`` arguments just by defining "entry points". These -are mappings from command or argument names to a specification of where to -import a handler from. (See the section on `Dynamic Discovery of Services and -Plugins`_ above for some more background on entry points.) - - -Adding Commands ---------------- - -You can add new ``setup`` commands by defining entry points in the -``distutils.commands`` group. For example, if you wanted to add a ``foo`` -command, you might add something like this to your distutils extension -project's setup script:: - - setup( - # ... - entry_points = { - "distutils.commands": [ - "foo = mypackage.some_module:foo", - ], - }, - ) - -(Assuming, of course, that the ``foo`` class in ``mypackage.some_module`` is -a ``setuptools.Command`` subclass.) - -Once a project containing such entry points has been activated on ``sys.path``, -(e.g. by running "install" or "develop" with a site-packages installation -directory) the command(s) will be available to any ``setuptools``-based setup -scripts. It is not necessary to use the ``--command-packages`` option or -to monkeypatch the ``distutils.command`` package to install your commands; -``setuptools`` automatically adds a wrapper to the distutils to search for -entry points in the active distributions on ``sys.path``. In fact, this is -how setuptools' own commands are installed: the setuptools project's setup -script defines entry points for them! - - -Adding ``setup()`` Arguments ----------------------------- - -Sometimes, your commands may need additional arguments to the ``setup()`` -call. You can enable this by defining entry points in the -``distutils.setup_keywords`` group. For example, if you wanted a ``setup()`` -argument called ``bar_baz``, you might add something like this to your -distutils extension project's setup script:: - - setup( - # ... - entry_points = { - "distutils.commands": [ - "foo = mypackage.some_module:foo", - ], - "distutils.setup_keywords": [ - "bar_baz = mypackage.some_module:validate_bar_baz", - ], - }, - ) - -The idea here is that the entry point defines a function that will be called -to validate the ``setup()`` argument, if it's supplied. The ``Distribution`` -object will have the initial value of the attribute set to ``None``, and the -validation function will only be called if the ``setup()`` call sets it to -a non-None value. Here's an example validation function:: - - def assert_bool(dist, attr, value): - """Verify that value is True, False, 0, or 1""" - if bool(value) != value: - raise DistutilsSetupError( - "%r must be a boolean value (got %r)" % (attr,value) - ) - -Your function should accept three arguments: the ``Distribution`` object, -the attribute name, and the attribute value. It should raise a -``DistutilsSetupError`` (from the ``distutils.errors`` module) if the argument -is invalid. Remember, your function will only be called with non-None values, -and the default value of arguments defined this way is always None. So, your -commands should always be prepared for the possibility that the attribute will -be ``None`` when they access it later. - -If more than one active distribution defines an entry point for the same -``setup()`` argument, *all* of them will be called. This allows multiple -distutils extensions to define a common argument, as long as they agree on -what values of that argument are valid. - -Also note that as with commands, it is not necessary to subclass or monkeypatch -the distutils ``Distribution`` class in order to add your arguments; it is -sufficient to define the entry points in your extension, as long as any setup -script using your extension lists your project in its ``setup_requires`` -argument. - - -Adding new EGG-INFO Files -------------------------- - -Some extensible applications or frameworks may want to allow third parties to -develop plugins with application or framework-specific metadata included in -the plugins' EGG-INFO directory, for easy access via the ``pkg_resources`` -metadata API. The easiest way to allow this is to create a distutils extension -to be used from the plugin projects' setup scripts (via ``setup_requires``) -that defines a new setup keyword, and then uses that data to write an EGG-INFO -file when the ``egg_info`` command is run. - -The ``egg_info`` command looks for extension points in an ``egg_info.writers`` -group, and calls them to write the files. Here's a simple example of a -distutils extension defining a setup argument ``foo_bar``, which is a list of -lines that will be written to ``foo_bar.txt`` in the EGG-INFO directory of any -project that uses the argument:: - - setup( - # ... - entry_points = { - "distutils.setup_keywords": [ - "foo_bar = setuptools.dist:assert_string_list", - ], - "egg_info.writers": [ - "foo_bar.txt = setuptools.command.egg_info:write_arg", - ], - }, - ) - -This simple example makes use of two utility functions defined by setuptools -for its own use: a routine to validate that a setup keyword is a sequence of -strings, and another one that looks up a setup argument and writes it to -a file. Here's what the writer utility looks like:: - - def write_arg(cmd, basename, filename): - argname = os.path.splitext(basename)[0] - value = getattr(cmd.distribution, argname, None) - if value is not None: - value = '\n'.join(value)+'\n' - cmd.write_or_delete_file(argname, filename, value) - -As you can see, ``egg_info.writers`` entry points must be a function taking -three arguments: a ``egg_info`` command instance, the basename of the file to -write (e.g. ``foo_bar.txt``), and the actual full filename that should be -written to. - -In general, writer functions should honor the command object's ``dry_run`` -setting when writing files, and use the ``distutils.log`` object to do any -console output. The easiest way to conform to this requirement is to use -the ``cmd`` object's ``write_file()``, ``delete_file()``, and -``write_or_delete_file()`` methods exclusively for your file operations. See -those methods' docstrings for more details. - - -Adding Support for Other Revision Control Systems -------------------------------------------------- - -If you would like to create a plugin for ``setuptools`` to find files in other -source control systems besides CVS and Subversion, you can do so by adding an -entry point to the ``setuptools.file_finders`` group. The entry point should -be a function accepting a single directory name, and should yield -all the filenames within that directory (and any subdirectories thereof) that -are under revision control. - -For example, if you were going to create a plugin for a revision control system -called "foobar", you would write a function something like this: - -.. code-block:: python - - def find_files_for_foobar(dirname): - # loop to yield paths that start with `dirname` - -And you would register it in a setup script using something like this:: - - entry_points = { - "setuptools.file_finders": [ - "foobar = my_foobar_module:find_files_for_foobar" - ] - } - -Then, anyone who wants to use your plugin can simply install it, and their -local setuptools installation will be able to find the necessary files. - -It is not necessary to distribute source control plugins with projects that -simply use the other source control system, or to specify the plugins in -``setup_requires``. When you create a source distribution with the ``sdist`` -command, setuptools automatically records what files were found in the -``SOURCES.txt`` file. That way, recipients of source distributions don't need -to have revision control at all. However, if someone is working on a package -by checking out with that system, they will need the same plugin(s) that the -original author is using. - -A few important points for writing revision control file finders: - -* Your finder function MUST return relative paths, created by appending to the - passed-in directory name. Absolute paths are NOT allowed, nor are relative - paths that reference a parent directory of the passed-in directory. - -* Your finder function MUST accept an empty string as the directory name, - meaning the current directory. You MUST NOT convert this to a dot; just - yield relative paths. So, yielding a subdirectory named ``some/dir`` under - the current directory should NOT be rendered as ``./some/dir`` or - ``/somewhere/some/dir``, but *always* as simply ``some/dir`` - -* Your finder function SHOULD NOT raise any errors, and SHOULD deal gracefully - with the absence of needed programs (i.e., ones belonging to the revision - control system itself. It *may*, however, use ``distutils.log.warn()`` to - inform the user of the missing program(s). - - -Subclassing ``Command`` ------------------------ - -Sorry, this section isn't written yet, and neither is a lot of what's below -this point, except for the change log. You might want to `subscribe to changes -in this page <setuptools?action=subscribe>`_ to see when new documentation is -added or updated. - -XXX - - -Reusing ``setuptools`` Code -=========================== - -``distribute_setup`` --------------------- - -XXX - - -``setuptools.archive_util`` ---------------------------- - -XXX - - -``setuptools.sandbox`` ----------------------- - -XXX - - -``setuptools.package_index`` ----------------------------- - -XXX - -History -======= - -0.6c9 - * Fixed a missing files problem when using Windows source distributions on - non-Windows platforms, due to distutils not handling manifest file line - endings correctly. - - * Updated Pyrex support to work with Pyrex 0.9.6 and higher. - - * Minor changes for Jython compatibility, including skipping tests that can't - work on Jython. - - * Fixed not installing eggs in ``install_requires`` if they were also used for - ``setup_requires`` or ``tests_require``. - - * Fixed not fetching eggs in ``install_requires`` when running tests. - - * Allow ``ez_setup.use_setuptools()`` to upgrade existing setuptools - installations when called from a standalone ``setup.py``. - - * Added a warning if a namespace package is declared, but its parent package - is not also declared as a namespace. - - * Support Subversion 1.5 - - * Removed use of deprecated ``md5`` module if ``hashlib`` is available - - * Fixed ``bdist_wininst upload`` trying to upload the ``.exe`` twice - - * Fixed ``bdist_egg`` putting a ``native_libs.txt`` in the source package's - ``.egg-info``, when it should only be in the built egg's ``EGG-INFO``. - - * Ensure that _full_name is set on all shared libs before extensions are - checked for shared lib usage. (Fixes a bug in the experimental shared - library build support.) - - * Fix to allow unpacked eggs containing native libraries to fail more - gracefully under Google App Engine (with an ``ImportError`` loading the - C-based module, instead of getting a ``NameError``). - -0.6c7 - * Fixed ``distutils.filelist.findall()`` crashing on broken symlinks, and - ``egg_info`` command failing on new, uncommitted SVN directories. - - * Fix import problems with nested namespace packages installed via - ``--root`` or ``--single-version-externally-managed``, due to the - parent package not having the child package as an attribute. - -0.6c6 - * Added ``--egg-path`` option to ``develop`` command, allowing you to force - ``.egg-link`` files to use relative paths (allowing them to be shared across - platforms on a networked drive). - - * Fix not building binary RPMs correctly. - - * Fix "eggsecutables" (such as setuptools' own egg) only being runnable with - bash-compatible shells. - - * Fix ``#!`` parsing problems in Windows ``.exe`` script wrappers, when there - was whitespace inside a quoted argument or at the end of the ``#!`` line - (a regression introduced in 0.6c4). - - * Fix ``test`` command possibly failing if an older version of the project - being tested was installed on ``sys.path`` ahead of the test source - directory. - - * Fix ``find_packages()`` treating ``ez_setup`` and directories with ``.`` in - their names as packages. - -0.6c5 - * Fix uploaded ``bdist_rpm`` packages being described as ``bdist_egg`` - packages under Python versions less than 2.5. - - * Fix uploaded ``bdist_wininst`` packages being described as suitable for - "any" version by Python 2.5, even if a ``--target-version`` was specified. - -0.6c4 - * Overhauled Windows script wrapping to support ``bdist_wininst`` better. - Scripts installed with ``bdist_wininst`` will always use ``#!python.exe`` or - ``#!pythonw.exe`` as the executable name (even when built on non-Windows - platforms!), and the wrappers will look for the executable in the script's - parent directory (which should find the right version of Python). - - * Fix ``upload`` command not uploading files built by ``bdist_rpm`` or - ``bdist_wininst`` under Python 2.3 and 2.4. - - * Add support for "eggsecutable" headers: a ``#!/bin/sh`` script that is - prepended to an ``.egg`` file to allow it to be run as a script on Unix-ish - platforms. (This is mainly so that setuptools itself can have a single-file - installer on Unix, without doing multiple downloads, dealing with firewalls, - etc.) - - * Fix problem with empty revision numbers in Subversion 1.4 ``entries`` files - - * Use cross-platform relative paths in ``easy-install.pth`` when doing - ``develop`` and the source directory is a subdirectory of the installation - target directory. - - * Fix a problem installing eggs with a system packaging tool if the project - contained an implicit namespace package; for example if the ``setup()`` - listed a namespace package ``foo.bar`` without explicitly listing ``foo`` - as a namespace package. - -0.6c3 - * Fixed breakages caused by Subversion 1.4's new "working copy" format - -0.6c2 - * The ``ez_setup`` module displays the conflicting version of setuptools (and - its installation location) when a script requests a version that's not - available. - - * Running ``setup.py develop`` on a setuptools-using project will now install - setuptools if needed, instead of only downloading the egg. - -0.6c1 - * Fixed ``AttributeError`` when trying to download a ``setup_requires`` - dependency when a distribution lacks a ``dependency_links`` setting. - - * Made ``zip-safe`` and ``not-zip-safe`` flag files contain a single byte, so - as to play better with packaging tools that complain about zero-length - files. - - * Made ``setup.py develop`` respect the ``--no-deps`` option, which it - previously was ignoring. - - * Support ``extra_path`` option to ``setup()`` when ``install`` is run in - backward-compatibility mode. - - * Source distributions now always include a ``setup.cfg`` file that explicitly - sets ``egg_info`` options such that they produce an identical version number - to the source distribution's version number. (Previously, the default - version number could be different due to the use of ``--tag-date``, or if - the version was overridden on the command line that built the source - distribution.) - -0.6b4 - * Fix ``register`` not obeying name/version set by ``egg_info`` command, if - ``egg_info`` wasn't explicitly run first on the same command line. - - * Added ``--no-date`` and ``--no-svn-revision`` options to ``egg_info`` - command, to allow suppressing tags configured in ``setup.cfg``. - - * Fixed redundant warnings about missing ``README`` file(s); it should now - appear only if you are actually a source distribution. - -0.6b3 - * Fix ``bdist_egg`` not including files in subdirectories of ``.egg-info``. - - * Allow ``.py`` files found by the ``include_package_data`` option to be - automatically included. Remove duplicate data file matches if both - ``include_package_data`` and ``package_data`` are used to refer to the same - files. - -0.6b1 - * Strip ``module`` from the end of compiled extension modules when computing - the name of a ``.py`` loader/wrapper. (Python's import machinery ignores - this suffix when searching for an extension module.) - -0.6a11 - * Added ``test_loader`` keyword to support custom test loaders - - * Added ``setuptools.file_finders`` entry point group to allow implementing - revision control plugins. - - * Added ``--identity`` option to ``upload`` command. - - * Added ``dependency_links`` to allow specifying URLs for ``--find-links``. - - * Enhanced test loader to scan packages as well as modules, and call - ``additional_tests()`` if present to get non-unittest tests. - - * Support namespace packages in conjunction with system packagers, by omitting - the installation of any ``__init__.py`` files for namespace packages, and - adding a special ``.pth`` file to create a working package in - ``sys.modules``. - - * Made ``--single-version-externally-managed`` automatic when ``--root`` is - used, so that most system packagers won't require special support for - setuptools. - - * Fixed ``setup_requires``, ``tests_require``, etc. not using ``setup.cfg`` or - other configuration files for their option defaults when installing, and - also made the install use ``--multi-version`` mode so that the project - directory doesn't need to support .pth files. - - * ``MANIFEST.in`` is now forcibly closed when any errors occur while reading - it. Previously, the file could be left open and the actual error would be - masked by problems trying to remove the open file on Windows systems. - -0.6a10 - * Fixed the ``develop`` command ignoring ``--find-links``. - -0.6a9 - * The ``sdist`` command no longer uses the traditional ``MANIFEST`` file to - create source distributions. ``MANIFEST.in`` is still read and processed, - as are the standard defaults and pruning. But the manifest is built inside - the project's ``.egg-info`` directory as ``SOURCES.txt``, and it is rebuilt - every time the ``egg_info`` command is run. - - * Added the ``include_package_data`` keyword to ``setup()``, allowing you to - automatically include any package data listed in revision control or - ``MANIFEST.in`` - - * Added the ``exclude_package_data`` keyword to ``setup()``, allowing you to - trim back files included via the ``package_data`` and - ``include_package_data`` options. - - * Fixed ``--tag-svn-revision`` not working when run from a source - distribution. - - * Added warning for namespace packages with missing ``declare_namespace()`` - - * Added ``tests_require`` keyword to ``setup()``, so that e.g. packages - requiring ``nose`` to run unit tests can make this dependency optional - unless the ``test`` command is run. - - * Made all commands that use ``easy_install`` respect its configuration - options, as this was causing some problems with ``setup.py install``. - - * Added an ``unpack_directory()`` driver to ``setuptools.archive_util``, so - that you can process a directory tree through a processing filter as if it - were a zipfile or tarfile. - - * Added an internal ``install_egg_info`` command to use as part of old-style - ``install`` operations, that installs an ``.egg-info`` directory with the - package. - - * Added a ``--single-version-externally-managed`` option to the ``install`` - command so that you can more easily wrap a "flat" egg in a system package. - - * Enhanced ``bdist_rpm`` so that it installs single-version eggs that - don't rely on a ``.pth`` file. The ``--no-egg`` option has been removed, - since all RPMs are now built in a more backwards-compatible format. - - * Support full roundtrip translation of eggs to and from ``bdist_wininst`` - format. Running ``bdist_wininst`` on a setuptools-based package wraps the - egg in an .exe that will safely install it as an egg (i.e., with metadata - and entry-point wrapper scripts), and ``easy_install`` can turn the .exe - back into an ``.egg`` file or directory and install it as such. - - -0.6a8 - * Fixed some problems building extensions when Pyrex was installed, especially - with Python 2.4 and/or packages using SWIG. - - * Made ``develop`` command accept all the same options as ``easy_install``, - and use the ``easy_install`` command's configuration settings as defaults. - - * Made ``egg_info --tag-svn-revision`` fall back to extracting the revision - number from ``PKG-INFO`` in case it is being run on a source distribution of - a snapshot taken from a Subversion-based project. - - * Automatically detect ``.dll``, ``.so`` and ``.dylib`` files that are being - installed as data, adding them to ``native_libs.txt`` automatically. - - * Fixed some problems with fresh checkouts of projects that don't include - ``.egg-info/PKG-INFO`` under revision control and put the project's source - code directly in the project directory. If such a package had any - requirements that get processed before the ``egg_info`` command can be run, - the setup scripts would fail with a "Missing 'Version:' header and/or - PKG-INFO file" error, because the egg runtime interpreted the unbuilt - metadata in a directory on ``sys.path`` (i.e. the current directory) as - being a corrupted egg. Setuptools now monkeypatches the distribution - metadata cache to pretend that the egg has valid version information, until - it has a chance to make it actually be so (via the ``egg_info`` command). - -0.6a5 - * Fixed missing gui/cli .exe files in distribution. Fixed bugs in tests. - -0.6a3 - * Added ``gui_scripts`` entry point group to allow installing GUI scripts - on Windows and other platforms. (The special handling is only for Windows; - other platforms are treated the same as for ``console_scripts``.) - -0.6a2 - * Added ``console_scripts`` entry point group to allow installing scripts - without the need to create separate script files. On Windows, console - scripts get an ``.exe`` wrapper so you can just type their name. On other - platforms, the scripts are written without a file extension. - -0.6a1 - * Added support for building "old-style" RPMs that don't install an egg for - the target package, using a ``--no-egg`` option. - - * The ``build_ext`` command now works better when using the ``--inplace`` - option and multiple Python versions. It now makes sure that all extensions - match the current Python version, even if newer copies were built for a - different Python version. - - * The ``upload`` command no longer attaches an extra ``.zip`` when uploading - eggs, as PyPI now supports egg uploads without trickery. - - * The ``ez_setup`` script/module now displays a warning before downloading - the setuptools egg, and attempts to check the downloaded egg against an - internal MD5 checksum table. - - * Fixed the ``--tag-svn-revision`` option of ``egg_info`` not finding the - latest revision number; it was using the revision number of the directory - containing ``setup.py``, not the highest revision number in the project. - - * Added ``eager_resources`` setup argument - - * The ``sdist`` command now recognizes Subversion "deleted file" entries and - does not include them in source distributions. - - * ``setuptools`` now embeds itself more thoroughly into the distutils, so that - other distutils extensions (e.g. py2exe, py2app) will subclass setuptools' - versions of things, rather than the native distutils ones. - - * Added ``entry_points`` and ``setup_requires`` arguments to ``setup()``; - ``setup_requires`` allows you to automatically find and download packages - that are needed in order to *build* your project (as opposed to running it). - - * ``setuptools`` now finds its commands, ``setup()`` argument validators, and - metadata writers using entry points, so that they can be extended by - third-party packages. See `Creating distutils Extensions`_ above for more - details. - - * The vestigial ``depends`` command has been removed. It was never finished - or documented, and never would have worked without EasyInstall - which it - pre-dated and was never compatible with. - -0.5a12 - * The zip-safety scanner now checks for modules that might be used with - ``python -m``, and marks them as unsafe for zipping, since Python 2.4 can't - handle ``-m`` on zipped modules. - -0.5a11 - * Fix breakage of the "develop" command that was caused by the addition of - ``--always-unzip`` to the ``easy_install`` command. - -0.5a9 - * Include ``svn:externals`` directories in source distributions as well as - normal subversion-controlled files and directories. - - * Added ``exclude=patternlist`` option to ``setuptools.find_packages()`` - - * Changed --tag-svn-revision to include an "r" in front of the revision number - for better readability. - - * Added ability to build eggs without including source files (except for any - scripts, of course), using the ``--exclude-source-files`` option to - ``bdist_egg``. - - * ``setup.py install`` now automatically detects when an "unmanaged" package - or module is going to be on ``sys.path`` ahead of a package being installed, - thereby preventing the newer version from being imported. If this occurs, - a warning message is output to ``sys.stderr``, but installation proceeds - anyway. The warning message informs the user what files or directories - need deleting, and advises them they can also use EasyInstall (with the - ``--delete-conflicting`` option) to do it automatically. - - * The ``egg_info`` command now adds a ``top_level.txt`` file to the metadata - directory that lists all top-level modules and packages in the distribution. - This is used by the ``easy_install`` command to find possibly-conflicting - "unmanaged" packages when installing the distribution. - - * Added ``zip_safe`` and ``namespace_packages`` arguments to ``setup()``. - Added package analysis to determine zip-safety if the ``zip_safe`` flag - is not given, and advise the author regarding what code might need changing. - - * Fixed the swapped ``-d`` and ``-b`` options of ``bdist_egg``. - -0.5a8 - * The "egg_info" command now always sets the distribution metadata to "safe" - forms of the distribution name and version, so that distribution files will - be generated with parseable names (i.e., ones that don't include '-' in the - name or version). Also, this means that if you use the various ``--tag`` - options of "egg_info", any distributions generated will use the tags in the - version, not just egg distributions. - - * Added support for defining command aliases in distutils configuration files, - under the "[aliases]" section. To prevent recursion and to allow aliases to - call the command of the same name, a given alias can be expanded only once - per command-line invocation. You can define new aliases with the "alias" - command, either for the local, global, or per-user configuration. - - * Added "rotate" command to delete old distribution files, given a set of - patterns to match and the number of files to keep. (Keeps the most - recently-modified distribution files matching each pattern.) - - * Added "saveopts" command that saves all command-line options for the current - invocation to the local, global, or per-user configuration file. Useful for - setting defaults without having to hand-edit a configuration file. - - * Added a "setopt" command that sets a single option in a specified distutils - configuration file. - -0.5a7 - * Added "upload" support for egg and source distributions, including a bug - fix for "upload" and a temporary workaround for lack of .egg support in - PyPI. - -0.5a6 - * Beefed up the "sdist" command so that if you don't have a MANIFEST.in, it - will include all files under revision control (CVS or Subversion) in the - current directory, and it will regenerate the list every time you create a - source distribution, not just when you tell it to. This should make the - default "do what you mean" more often than the distutils' default behavior - did, while still retaining the old behavior in the presence of MANIFEST.in. - - * Fixed the "develop" command always updating .pth files, even if you - specified ``-n`` or ``--dry-run``. - - * Slightly changed the format of the generated version when you use - ``--tag-build`` on the "egg_info" command, so that you can make tagged - revisions compare *lower* than the version specified in setup.py (e.g. by - using ``--tag-build=dev``). - -0.5a5 - * Added ``develop`` command to ``setuptools``-based packages. This command - installs an ``.egg-link`` pointing to the package's source directory, and - script wrappers that ``execfile()`` the source versions of the package's - scripts. This lets you put your development checkout(s) on sys.path without - having to actually install them. (To uninstall the link, use - use ``setup.py develop --uninstall``.) - - * Added ``egg_info`` command to ``setuptools``-based packages. This command - just creates or updates the "projectname.egg-info" directory, without - building an egg. (It's used by the ``bdist_egg``, ``test``, and ``develop`` - commands.) - - * Enhanced the ``test`` command so that it doesn't install the package, but - instead builds any C extensions in-place, updates the ``.egg-info`` - metadata, adds the source directory to ``sys.path``, and runs the tests - directly on the source. This avoids an "unmanaged" installation of the - package to ``site-packages`` or elsewhere. - - * Made ``easy_install`` a standard ``setuptools`` command, moving it from - the ``easy_install`` module to ``setuptools.command.easy_install``. Note - that if you were importing or extending it, you must now change your imports - accordingly. ``easy_install.py`` is still installed as a script, but not as - a module. - -0.5a4 - * Setup scripts using setuptools can now list their dependencies directly in - the setup.py file, without having to manually create a ``depends.txt`` file. - The ``install_requires`` and ``extras_require`` arguments to ``setup()`` - are used to create a dependencies file automatically. If you are manually - creating ``depends.txt`` right now, please switch to using these setup - arguments as soon as practical, because ``depends.txt`` support will be - removed in the 0.6 release cycle. For documentation on the new arguments, - see the ``setuptools.dist.Distribution`` class. - - * Setup scripts using setuptools now always install using ``easy_install`` - internally, for ease of uninstallation and upgrading. - -0.5a1 - * Added support for "self-installation" bootstrapping. Packages can now - include ``ez_setup.py`` in their source distribution, and add the following - to their ``setup.py``, in order to automatically bootstrap installation of - setuptools as part of their setup process:: - - from ez_setup import use_setuptools - use_setuptools() - - from setuptools import setup - # etc... - -0.4a2 - * Added ``ez_setup.py`` installer/bootstrap script to make initial setuptools - installation easier, and to allow distributions using setuptools to avoid - having to include setuptools in their source distribution. - - * All downloads are now managed by the ``PackageIndex`` class (which is now - subclassable and replaceable), so that embedders can more easily override - download logic, give download progress reports, etc. The class has also - been moved to the new ``setuptools.package_index`` module. - - * The ``Installer`` class no longer handles downloading, manages a temporary - directory, or tracks the ``zip_ok`` option. Downloading is now handled - by ``PackageIndex``, and ``Installer`` has become an ``easy_install`` - command class based on ``setuptools.Command``. - - * There is a new ``setuptools.sandbox.run_setup()`` API to invoke a setup - script in a directory sandbox, and a new ``setuptools.archive_util`` module - with an ``unpack_archive()`` API. These were split out of EasyInstall to - allow reuse by other tools and applications. - - * ``setuptools.Command`` now supports reinitializing commands using keyword - arguments to set/reset options. Also, ``Command`` subclasses can now set - their ``command_consumes_arguments`` attribute to ``True`` in order to - receive an ``args`` option containing the rest of the command line. - -0.3a2 - * Added new options to ``bdist_egg`` to allow tagging the egg's version number - with a subversion revision number, the current date, or an explicit tag - value. Run ``setup.py bdist_egg --help`` to get more information. - - * Misc. bug fixes - -0.3a1 - * Initial release. - -Mailing List and Bug Tracker -============================ - -Please use the `distutils-sig mailing list`_ for questions and discussion about -setuptools, and the `setuptools bug tracker`_ ONLY for issues you have -confirmed via the list are actual bugs, and which you have reduced to a minimal -set of steps to reproduce. - -.. _distutils-sig mailing list: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/distutils-sig/ -.. _setuptools bug tracker: http://bugs.python.org/setuptools/ - diff --git a/docs/using.txt b/docs/using.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 192f1dc2..00000000 --- a/docs/using.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -================================ -Using Distribute in your project -================================ - -To use Distribute in your project, the recommended way is to ship -`distribute_setup.py` alongside your `setup.py` script and call -it at the very begining of `setup.py` like this:: - - from distribute_setup import use_setuptools - use_setuptools() - -Another way is to add ``Distribute`` in the ``install_requires`` option:: - - from setuptools import setup - - setup(... - install_requires=['distribute'] - ) - - -XXX to be finished |
