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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/bash.ps')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.ps | 13172 |
1 files changed, 6850 insertions, 6322 deletions
diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index fb9aa8c..27ff580 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 -%%CreationDate: Fri Jan 28 22:07:07 2011 +%%CreationDate: Tue Feb 11 10:59:21 2014 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2 -%%Pages: 72 +%%Pages: 75 %%PageOrder: Ascend -%%DocumentMedia: Default 595 842 0 () () +%%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments %%BeginDefaults @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ setpacking %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup %%BeginFeature: *PageSize Default -<< /PageSize [ 595 842 ] /ImagingBBox null >> setpagedevice +<< /PageSize [ 612 792 ] /ImagingBBox null >> setpagedevice %%EndFeature %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold @@ -199,11 +199,11 @@ setpacking %%IncludeResource: font Courier %%IncludeResource: font Symbol grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 -def/PL 841.89 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron -/Zcaron/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef +def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron +/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef -/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent +/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent /ampersand/quoteright/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen /period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon /semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O @@ -236,11 +236,11 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.219(NA)72 84 S(ME).219 E F0 (bash \255 GNU Bourne-Ag)108 96 Q(ain SHell)-.05 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 -Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)108 124.8 Q F0([options] [\214le])2.5 E F1 -(COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F0(Bash is Cop)108 153.6 Q -(yright \251 1989-2011 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E -(oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 170.4 Q F2(Bash)108 182.4 Q F0 -.973(is an)3.474 F F2(sh)3.473 E F0 .973 +Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)108 124.8 Q F0 +([options] [command_string | \214le])2.5 E F1(COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F0 +(Bash is Cop)108 153.6 Q(yright \251 1989-2013 by the Free Softw)-.1 E +(are F)-.1 E(oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 170.4 Q F2(Bash) +108 182.4 Q F0 .973(is an)3.474 F F2(sh)3.473 E F0 .973 (-compatible command language interpreter that e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G .973 (cutes commands read from the standard).15 F(input or from a \214le.)108 194.4 Q F2(Bash)5 E F0(also incorporates useful features from the)2.5 E @@ -256,2152 +256,2338 @@ ell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX)3.027 F 1.284(used as options when the shell is in)108 264 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.785(d. 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See)B F3 .333(SEE ALSO)2.833 F +F0(belo)2.583 E 2.833(wf)-.25 G .332 +(or a reference to a document that details)-2.833 F(ho)144 259.2 Q 2.5 +(wp)-.25 G(osix mode af)-2.5 E(fects bash')-.25 E 2.5(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.5 +E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1<adad72>108 276 Q(estricted)-.18 E F0 +(The shell becomes restricted \(see)144 288 Q F3(RESTRICTED SHELL)2.5 E +F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<adad76>108 304.8 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0(Equi) +144 316.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1<ad76>5 E F0(.)A F1<adad76> +108 333.6 Q(ersion)-.1 E F0(Sho)144 345.6 Q 2.5(wv)-.25 G (ersion information for this instance of)-2.65 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (on the standard output and e)2.5 E(xit successfully)-.15 E(.)-.65 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARGUMENTS)72 321.6 Q F0 .016(If ar)108 333.6 R +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARGUMENTS)72 362.4 Q F0 .016(If ar)108 374.4 R .016(guments remain after option processing, and neither the)-.18 F F1 <ad63>2.516 E F0 .016(nor the)2.516 F F1<ad73>2.516 E F0 .016 -(option has been supplied, the 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script.).15 F .348(If no commands are e)5.348 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .348(cuted, the e).15 F .349(xit status is 0.)-.15 F .349 (An attempt is \214rst made to)5.349 F .254 -(open the \214le in the current directory)108 393.6 R 2.754(,a)-.65 G +(open the \214le in the current directory)108 434.4 R 2.754(,a)-.65 G .253 (nd, if no \214le is found, then the shell searches the directories in) --2.754 F F3 -.666(PA)2.753 G(TH)-.189 E F0(for the script.)108 405.6 Q -F4(INV)72 422.4 Q(OCA)-.493 E(TION)-1.04 E F0(A)108 434.4 Q F2(lo)2.5 E +-2.754 F F3 -.666(PA)2.753 G(TH)-.189 E F0(for the script.)108 446.4 Q +F4(INV)72 463.2 Q(OCA)-.493 E(TION)-1.04 E F0(A)108 475.2 Q F2(lo)2.5 E (gin shell)-.1 E F0(is one whose \214rst character of ar)2.5 E (gument zero is a)-.18 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ro)-2.5 G (ne started with the)-2.5 E F1(\255\255login)2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E(An) -108 451.2 Q F2(inter)2.814 E(active)-.15 E F0 .314 +108 492 Q F2(inter)2.814 E(active)-.15 E F0 .314 (shell is one started without non-option ar)2.814 F .315 (guments and without the)-.18 F F1<ad63>2.815 E F0 .315 (option whose standard)2.815 F 1.5 (input and error are both connected to terminals \(as determined by)108 -463.2 R F2(isatty)4 E F0 1.5(\(3\)\), or one started with the).32 F F1 -<ad69>4 E F0(option.)108 475.2 Q F3(PS1)5.289 E F0 .289(is set and)2.539 -F F1<24ad>2.789 E F0(includes)2.789 E F1(i)2.789 E F0(if)2.789 E F1 -(bash)2.789 E F0 .289(is interacti)2.789 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.789(,a).15 G -(llo)-2.789 E .29(wing a shell script or a startup \214le to test this) --.25 F(state.)108 487.2 Q .033(The follo)108 504 R .033 +504 R F2(isatty)4 E F0 1.5(\(3\)\), or one started with the).32 F F1 +<ad69>4 E F0(option.)108 516 Q F3(PS1)5.289 E F0 .289(is set and)2.539 F +F1<24ad>2.789 E F0(includes)2.789 E F1(i)2.789 E F0(if)2.789 E F1(bash) +2.789 E F0 .289(is interacti)2.789 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.789(,a).15 G(llo) +-2.789 E .29(wing a shell script or a startup \214le to test this)-.25 F +(state.)108 528 Q .033(The follo)108 544.8 R .033 (wing paragraphs describe ho)-.25 F(w)-.25 E F1(bash)2.532 E F0 -.15 (exe)2.532 G .032(cutes its startup \214les.).15 F .032(If an)5.032 F 2.532(yo)-.15 G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G .032(he \214les e)-2.532 F .032 -(xist b)-.15 F .032(ut cannot be)-.2 F(read,)108 516 Q F1(bash)3.085 E -F0 .585(reports an error)3.085 F 5.585(.T)-.55 G .585(ildes are e)-5.935 -F .586(xpanded in \214le names as described belo)-.15 F 3.086(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-3.086 E F1 -.18(Ti)3.086 G .586(lde Expansion).18 F F0(in the)108 -528 Q F3(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(section.)2.25 E(When)108 544.8 Q F1 -(bash)2.896 E F0 .396(is in)2.896 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.896(da).1 -G 2.896(sa)-2.896 G 2.896(ni)-2.896 G(nteracti)-2.896 E .696 -.15(ve l) --.25 H .396(ogin shell, or as a non-interacti).15 F .695 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .395(hell with the).15 F F1(\255\255login)2.895 E F0 .395(option, it) -2.895 F 1.333(\214rst reads and e)108 556.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.333 -(cutes commands from the 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"$BASH_ENV"; fi)144 709.2 Q F0 -.2(bu) -108 727.2 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G -(riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(2)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +1.011(alue as the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E +(2)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(If)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.417 E F0 .917(is in) -3.417 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.417(dw).1 G .917(ith the name)-3.417 -F F1(sh)3.417 E F0 3.417(,i)C 3.417(tt)-3.417 G .917 -(ries to mimic the startup beha)-3.417 F .917(vior of historical v)-.2 F -.917(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.417 E F0(as)3.417 E .145 +-.35 E(name of a \214le to read and e)108 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute.).15 +E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5 E F0(beha)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(sa).15 +G 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing command were e)-.25 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted:).15 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF +(if [ \255n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi)144 102 Q F0 -.2(bu) +108 120 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +(riable is not used to search for the \214lename.).25 E(If)108 136.8 Q +F1(bash)3.417 E F0 .917(is in)3.417 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.417(dw) +.1 G .917(ith the name)-3.417 F F1(sh)3.417 E F0 3.417(,i)C 3.417(tt) +-3.417 G .917(ries to mimic the startup beha)-3.417 F .917 +(vior of historical v)-.2 F .917(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.417 E F0(as) +3.417 E .145 (closely as possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.) -108 96 R .145(When in)5.145 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.645(da).1 G +108 148.8 R .145(When in)5.145 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.645(da).1 G 2.645(sa)-2.645 G 2.645(ni)-2.645 G(nteracti)-2.645 E .445 -.15(ve l) --.25 H(ogin).15 E 1.264(shell, or a non-interacti)108 108 R 1.564 -.15 +-.25 H(ogin).15 E 1.264(shell, or a non-interacti)108 160.8 R 1.564 -.15 (ve s)-.25 H 1.264(hell with the).15 F F1(\255\255login)3.764 E F0 1.264 (option, it \214rst attempts to read and e)3.764 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.263 -(cute commands).15 F(from)108 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/pr) -4.142 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(and)3.172 E F2(~/.pr)2.992 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 +(cute commands).15 F(from)108 172.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/pr) +4.142 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(and)3.172 E F4(~/.pr)2.992 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 2.992(,i).18 G 2.992(nt)-2.992 G .492(hat order)-2.992 F 5.492(.T)-.55 G (he)-5.492 E F1(\255\255nopr)2.992 E(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .493 (option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.993 F(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E -.418(When in)108 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.918(da).1 G 2.918(sa) --2.918 G 2.918(ni)-2.918 G(nteracti)-2.918 E .718 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .418 -(hell with the name).15 F F1(sh)2.918 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.918 E F0 .418 -(looks for the v)2.918 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENV)2.918 E -/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.15(ex)2.667 G .417(pands its v).15 F -(alue)-.25 E .171(if it is de\214ned, and uses the e)108 144 R .171 +.418(When in)108 184.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.918(da).1 G 2.918 +(sa)-2.918 G 2.918(ni)-2.918 G(nteracti)-2.918 E .718 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.418(hell with the name).15 F F1(sh)2.918 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.918 E F0 +.418(looks for the v)2.918 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(ENV)2.918 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.15(ex)2.667 G .417(pands its v).15 F(alue) +-.25 E .171(if it is de\214ned, and uses the e)108 196.8 R .171 (xpanded v)-.15 F .171(alue as the name of a \214le to read and e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.671(cute. Since).15 F 2.671(as)2.671 G .171(hell in) --2.671 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(as)108 156 Q F1(sh)3.081 E F0 +-2.671 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(as)108 208.8 Q F1(sh)3.081 E F0 .581(does not attempt to read and e)3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581 (cute commands from an).15 F 3.08(yo)-.15 G .58 (ther startup \214les, the)-3.08 F F1<adad72>3.08 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 -.58(option has)3.08 F .182(no ef)108 168 R 2.682(fect. A)-.25 F +.58(option has)3.08 F .182(no ef)108 220.8 R 2.682(fect. 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No)-.25 F(other startup \214les are read.) -2.5 E F1(Bash)108 237.6 Q F0 .224(attempts to determine when it is bein\ -g run with its standard input connected to a netw)2.724 F .223 -(ork connection,)-.1 F .025(as when e)108 249.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .025 -(cuted by the remote shell daemon, usually).15 F F2 -.1(rs)2.525 G(hd).1 +(ther startup \214les.)-2.683 F(When in)108 232.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 2.5(da).1 G(s)-2.5 E F1(sh)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0(enters)2.5 +E F4(posix)3.75 E F0(mode after the startup \214les are read.)3.03 E +(When)108 249.6 Q F1(bash)2.727 E F0 .226(is started in)2.727 F F4 +(posix)3.976 E F0 .226(mode, as with the)3.256 F F1(\255\255posix)2.726 +E F0 .226(command line option, it follo)2.726 F .226(ws the POSIX stan-) +-.25 F .341(dard for startup \214les.)108 261.6 R .341 +(In this mode, interacti)5.341 F .641 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .341(hells e).15 +F .341(xpand the)-.15 F F3(ENV)2.841 E F0 -.25(va)2.591 G .342 +(riable and commands are read and).25 F -.15(exe)108 273.6 S +(cuted from the \214le whose name is the e).15 E(xpanded v)-.15 E 2.5 +(alue. No)-.25 F(other startup \214les are read.)2.5 E F1(Bash)108 290.4 +Q F0 .224(attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard \ +input connected to a netw)2.724 F .223(ork connection,)-.1 F .025 +(as when e)108 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .025 +(cuted by the remote shell daemon, usually).15 F F4 -.1(rs)2.525 G(hd).1 E F0 2.525(,o)C 2.525(rt)-2.525 G .025(he secure shell daemon)-2.525 F -F2(sshd)2.525 E F0 5.025(.I)C(f)-5.025 E F1(bash)2.525 E F0(deter)2.525 -E(-)-.2 E .134(mines it is being run in this f)108 261.6 R .134 +F4(sshd)2.525 E F0 5.025(.I)C(f)-5.025 E F1(bash)2.525 E F0(deter)2.525 +E(-)-.2 E .134(mines it is being run in this f)108 314.4 R .134 (ashion, it reads and e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .133(cutes commands from) -.15 F F2(~/.bashr)2.633 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.633(,i)C 2.633(ft)-2.633 G .133 +.15 F F4(~/.bashr)2.633 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.633(,i)C 2.633(ft)-2.633 G .133 (hat \214le e)-2.633 F .133(xists and is)-.15 F 2.869(readable. It)108 -273.6 R .369(will not do this if in)2.869 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +326.4 R .369(will not do this if in)2.869 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.869(da).1 G(s)-2.869 E F1(sh)2.869 E F0 5.369(.T)C(he)-5.369 E F1 <adad6e6f72>2.869 E(c)-.18 E F0 .369 (option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.869 F(vior)-.2 E 2.869(,a)-.4 -G(nd)-2.869 E(the)108 285.6 Q F1<adad72>2.606 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 .106 -(option may be used to force another \214le to be read, b)2.606 F(ut)-.2 -E F2 -.1(rs)2.606 G(hd).1 E F0 .106(does not generally in)2.606 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G .306 -.1(ke t).2 H .106(he shell).1 F -(with those options or allo)108 297.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G +G(nd)-2.869 E(the)108 338.4 Q F1<adad72>2.919 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 .419 +(option may be used to force another \214le to be read, b)2.919 F .419 +(ut neither)-.2 F F4 -.1(rs)2.919 G(hd).1 E F0(nor)2.919 E F4(sshd)2.919 +E F0 .418(generally in)2.919 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(the shell with those options or allo)108 350.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G (hem to be speci\214ed.)-2.5 E 1.207 -(If the shell is started with the ef)108 314.4 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.507 -.15 +(If the shell is started with the ef)108 367.2 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.507 -.15 (ve u)-.25 H 1.208 (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F F1<ad70>3.708 E F0 .536(option is not supplied, no startup \214les are \ -read, shell functions are not inherited from the en)108 326.4 R .535 -(vironment, the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)108 338.4 Q F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)2.959 G -(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.959 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0 +read, shell functions are not inherited from the en)108 379.2 R .535 +(vironment, the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)108 391.2 Q F5(,)A F3 -.27(BA)2.959 G +(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F3(CDP)2.959 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F5(,)A F0 (and)2.959 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.209 E F0 -.25(va)2.959 G .709 (riables, if the).25 F 3.209(ya)-.15 G .71(ppear in the en)-3.209 F .71 -(vironment, are)-.4 F .905(ignored, and the ef)108 350.4 R(fecti)-.25 E +(vironment, are)-.4 F .905(ignored, and the ef)108 403.2 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.205 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .904(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .904(If the)5.904 F F1<ad70>3.404 E F0 .904(option is supplied at in) -3.404 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .904(cation, the).2 F(startup beha)108 362.4 Q +3.404 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .904(cation, the).2 F(startup beha)108 415.2 Q (vior is the same, b)-.2 E(ut the ef)-.2 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u) --.25 H(ser id is not reset.).15 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS) -72 379.2 Q F0(The follo)108 391.2 Q +-.25 H(ser id is not reset.).15 E/F6 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS) +72 432 Q F0(The follo)108 444 Q (wing de\214nitions are used throughout the rest of this document.)-.25 -E F1(blank)108 403.2 Q F0 2.5(As)11.54 G(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E F1 --.1(wo)108 415.2 S(rd).1 E F0 2.5(As)13.88 G +E F1(blank)108 456 Q F0 2.5(As)11.54 G(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E F1 -.1 +(wo)108 468 S(rd).1 E F0 2.5(As)13.88 G (equence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.)-2.5 E (Also kno)5 E(wn as a)-.25 E F1(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(name)108 -427.2 Q F0(A)12.67 E F2(wor)3.005 E(d)-.37 E F0 .165 +480 Q F0(A)12.67 E F4(wor)3.005 E(d)-.37 E F0 .165 (consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and be) 3.435 F .166(ginning with an alpha-)-.15 F -(betic character or an underscore.)144 439.2 Q(Also referred to as an)5 -E F1(identi\214er)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(metacharacter)108 451.2 Q F0 2.5(Ac) -144 463.2 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)-2.5 E 2.5 -(ords. One)-.1 F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144 -475.2 S 2.5(pace tab)-5 F(contr)108 487.2 Q(ol operator)-.18 E F0(A)144 -499.2 Q F2(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(that performs a control function.)2.5 E +(betic character or an underscore.)144 492 Q(Also referred to as an)5 E +F1(identi\214er)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(metacharacter)108 504 Q F0 2.5(Ac)144 +516 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)-2.5 E 2.5(ords. One)-.1 +F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144 528 S 2.5 +(pace tab)-5 F(contr)108 540 Q(ol operator)-.18 E F0(A)144 552 Q F4(tok) +2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(that performs a control function.)2.5 E (It is one of the follo)5 E(wing symbols:)-.25 E F1 2.5 -(|| & && ; ;; \( \) | |&)144 511.2 R(<newline>)10 E F5(RESER)72 528 Q -(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F2 .307(Reserved wor)108 540 R(ds)-.37 E F0 +(|| & && ; ;; \( \) | |&)144 564 R(<newline>)10 E F6(RESER)72 580.8 Q +(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F4 .307(Reserved wor)108 592.8 R(ds)-.37 E F0 .307(are w)2.807 F .307(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .306 (pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306(The follo)5.306 F .306(wing w) --.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F(reserv)108 552 Q .227 +-.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F(reserv)108 604.8 Q .227 (ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F .227 (ord of a simple command \(see)-.1 F F3 .227(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.727 F F0 -(belo)2.477 E .227(w\) or)-.25 F(the third w)108 564 Q(ord of a)-.1 E F1 -(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G(r).25 E F0(command:)2.5 E F1 -11.916(!c)144 580.8 S 9.416(ase do done elif else esac \214 f)-11.916 F -9.415(or function if in select then until)-.25 F 7.5 -(while { } time [[ ]])144 592.8 R F5(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 609.6 Q F1 -(Simple Commands)87 621.6 Q F0(A)108 633.6 Q F2 .388(simple command) -2.888 F F0 .388(is a sequence of optional v)2.888 F .389 -(ariable assignments follo)-.25 F .389(wed by)-.25 F F1(blank)2.889 E F0 -.389(-separated w)B .389(ords and)-.1 F .816 -(redirections, and terminated by a)108 645.6 R F2(contr)3.316 E .815 -(ol oper)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 5.815(.T)C .815(he \214rst w)-5.815 F -.815(ord speci\214es the command to be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 -E(and is passed as ar)108 657.6 Q(gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 -E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E(guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.)-2.5 E .175(The return v)108 674.4 R .175 -(alue of a)-.25 F F2 .175(simple command)2.675 F F0 .175(is its e)2.675 -F .175(xit status, or 128+)-.15 F F2(n)A F0 .176 -(if the command is terminated by signal)3.508 F F2(n)2.676 E F0(.).24 E -F1(Pipelines)87 691.2 Q F0(A)108 703.2 Q F2(pipeline)2.996 E F0 .496(is\ - a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of the control ope\ -rators)2.996 F F1(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F1(|&)2.996 E F0 5.496(.T)C -(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(3)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(belo)2.477 E .227(w\) or)-.25 F(the third w)108 616.8 Q(ord of a)-.1 E +F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G(r).25 E F0(command:)2.5 E F1 +11.295(!c)144 633.6 S 8.795(ase copr)-11.295 F 8.795 +(oc do done elif else esac \214 f)-.18 F 8.795 +(or function if in select then)-.25 F 7.5(until while { } time [[ ]])144 +645.6 R F6(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 662.4 Q F1(Simple Commands)87 674.4 Q F0(A) +108 686.4 Q F4 .388(simple command)2.888 F F0 .388 +(is a sequence of optional v)2.888 F .389(ariable assignments follo)-.25 +F .389(wed by)-.25 F F1(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 +(ords and)-.1 F .816(redirections, and terminated by a)108 698.4 R F4 +(contr)3.316 E .815(ol oper)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 5.815(.T)C .815 +(he \214rst w)-5.815 F .815(ord speci\214es the command to be e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 710.4 Q +(gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E +(guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) +-2.5 E .175(The return v)108 727.2 R .175(alue of a)-.25 F F4 .175 +(simple command)2.675 F F0 .175(is its e)2.675 F .175 +(xit status, or 128+)-.15 F F4(n)A F0 .176 +(if the command is terminated by signal)3.508 F F4(n)2.676 E F0(.).24 E +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(3)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(time)A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 -(]] [ ! ])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(|) --2.5 E/F3 10/Symbol SF<ef>A F1(|&)A F0(])A F2(command2)2.5 E F0(... ]) -2.5 E .243(The standard output of)108 100.8 R F2(command)2.943 E F0 .244 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pipelines)87 84 Q F0(A)108 96 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pipeline)2.996 E F0 .496(is a sequence of one or mor\ +e commands separated by one of the control operators)2.996 F F1(|)2.996 +E F0(or)2.996 E F1(|&)2.996 E F0 5.496(.T)C(he)-5.496 E +(format for a pipeline is:)108 108 Q([)144 124.8 Q F1(time)A F0([)2.5 E +F1<ad70>A F0(]] [ ! ])A F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(|)-2.5 E/F3 +10/Symbol SF<ef>A F1(|&)A F0(])A F2(command2)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E .243 +(The standard output of)108 141.6 R F2(command)2.943 E F0 .244 (is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.513 F F2(command2) 2.744 E F0 5.244(.T).02 G .244(his connec-)-5.244 F .643 -(tion is performed before an)108 112.8 R 3.143(yr)-.15 G .642 +(tion is performed before an)108 153.6 R 3.143(yr)-.15 G .642 (edirections speci\214ed by the command \(see)-3.143 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.142 E F0(belo)2.892 E 3.142(w\). If)-.25 F F1(|&)3.142 -E F0(is)3.142 E 1.43(used, the standard error of)108 124.8 R F2(command) -3.93 E F0 1.431(is connected to)3.93 F F2(command2)3.931 E F0 2.531 -.55 -('s s)D 1.431(tandard input through the pipe; it is).55 F 1.197 -(shorthand for)108 136.8 R F1 1.197(2>&1 |)3.697 F F0 6.197(.T)C 1.197 -(his implicit redirection of the standard error is performed after an) --6.197 F 3.696(yr)-.15 G(edirections)-3.696 E -(speci\214ed by the command.)108 148.8 Q .48 -(The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 165.6 R .48 +E F0(is)3.142 E(used,)108 165.6 Q F2(command)3.647 E F0 2.247 -.55('s s) +D 1.147(tandard error).55 F 3.647(,i)-.4 G 3.647(na)-3.647 G 1.147 +(ddition to its standard output, is connected to)-3.647 F F2(command2) +3.648 E F0 2.248 -.55('s s)D(tandard).55 E .028 +(input through the pipe; it is shorthand for)108 177.6 R F1 .028(2>&1 |) +2.528 F F0 5.028(.T)C .028 +(his implicit redirection of the standard error to the stan-)-5.028 F +(dard output is performed after an)108 189.6 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G +(edirections speci\214ed by the command.)-2.5 E .48 +(The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 206.4 R .48 (xit status of the last command, unless the)-.15 F F1(pipefail)2.98 E F0 -.48(option is enabled.)2.98 F(If)108 177.6 Q F1(pipefail)2.687 E F0 .187 +.48(option is enabled.)2.98 F(If)108 218.4 Q F1(pipefail)2.687 E F0 .187 (is enabled, the pipeline')2.687 F 2.687(sr)-.55 G .186 (eturn status is the v)-2.687 F .186 (alue of the last \(rightmost\) command to e)-.25 F .186(xit with a)-.15 -F .61(non-zero status, or zero if all commands e)108 189.6 R .611 +F .61(non-zero status, or zero if all commands e)108 230.4 R .611 (xit successfully)-.15 F 5.611(.I)-.65 G 3.111(ft)-5.611 G .611 (he reserv)-3.111 F .611(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(!)3.111 E F0 .611 -(precedes a pipeline, the)5.611 F -.15(ex)108 201.6 S .55 +(precedes a pipeline, the)5.611 F -.15(ex)108 242.4 S .55 (it status of that pipeline is the logical ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .55 (tion of the e).05 F .55(xit status as described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.55(.T).15 G .55(he shell w)-5.55 F .55(aits for)-.1 F (all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a v)108 -213.6 Q(alue.)-.25 E .298(If the)108 230.4 R F1(time)2.799 E F0(reserv) +254.4 Q(alue.)-.25 E .298(If the)108 271.2 R F1(time)2.799 E F0(reserv) 2.799 E .299(ed w)-.15 F .299(ord precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as w\ -ell as user and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 242.4 S +ell as user and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 283.2 S .14(cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E F1<ad70>2.639 E F0 .139(option changes the output format to that spec-) -2.639 F .302(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 254.4 R .303(When the shell is in) +2.639 F .302(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 295.2 R .303(When the shell is in) 5.302 F F2 .303(posix mode)2.803 F F0 2.803(,i)C 2.803(td)-2.803 G .303 (oes not recognize)-2.803 F F1(time)2.803 E F0 .303(as a reserv)2.803 F -.303(ed w)-.15 F .303(ord if the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E(tok)108 266.4 Q .736 +.303(ed w)-.15 F .303(ord if the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E(tok)108 307.2 Q .736 (en be)-.1 F .736(gins with a `-'.)-.15 F(The)5.736 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.236 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.986 G .736 (riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.235 (wt)-.25 G(he)-3.235 E 2.225 (timing information should be displayed; see the description of)108 -278.4 R F4(TIMEFORMA)4.726 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)4.476 E F1 2.226 -(Shell V)4.726 F(ariables)-.92 E F0(belo)108 290.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .85 -(When the shell is in)108 307.2 R F2 .85(posix mode)3.35 F F0(,)A F1 -(time)3.35 E F0 .85(may be follo)3.35 F .85(wed by a ne)-.25 F 3.35 -(wline. In)-.25 F .85(this case, the shell displays the)3.35 F 1.073 +319.2 R F4(TIMEFORMA)4.726 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)4.476 E F1 2.226 +(Shell V)4.726 F(ariables)-.92 E F0(belo)108 331.2 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .85 +(When the shell is in)108 348 R F2 .85(posix mode)3.35 F F0(,)A F1(time) +3.35 E F0 .85(may be follo)3.35 F .85(wed by a ne)-.25 F 3.35(wline. In) +-.25 F .85(this case, the shell displays the)3.35 F 1.073 (total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.)108 -319.2 R(The)6.074 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.574 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.324 G +360 R(The)6.074 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.574 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.324 G 1.074(riable may be).25 F -(used to specify the format of the time information.)108 331.2 Q -(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 348 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(used to specify the format of the time information.)108 372 Q +(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 388.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted as a separate process \(i.e., in a subshell\).).15 E F1(Lists)87 -364.8 Q F0(A)108 376.8 Q F2(list)2.85 E F0 .35(is a sequence of one or \ +405.6 Q F0(A)108 417.6 Q F2(list)2.85 E F0 .35(is a sequence of one or \ more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.85 F F1(;)2.849 E F0 (,)A F1(&)2.849 E F0(,)A F1(&&)2.849 E F0 2.849(,o)C(r)-2.849 E F1(||) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,a)C .349(nd option-)-2.849 F -(ally terminated by one of)108 388.8 Q F1(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.5 E F0 +(ally terminated by one of)108 429.6 Q F1(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(<newline>)2.5 E F0(.)A .96 -(Of these list operators,)108 405.6 R F1(&&)3.46 E F0(and)3.46 E F1(||) +(Of these list operators,)108 446.4 R F1(&&)3.46 E F0(and)3.46 E F1(||) 3.46 E F0(ha)3.46 E 1.26 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961(qual precedence, follo).15 F .961(wed by)-.25 F F1(;)3.461 E F0(and)3.461 E F1(&)3.461 E F0 3.461 (,w)C .961(hich ha)-3.461 F 1.261 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961(qual prece-).15 F -(dence.)108 417.6 Q 2.5(As)108 434.4 S(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E +(dence.)108 458.4 Q 2.5(As)108 475.2 S(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E (wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 (instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 -(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 451.2 R F1(&) -2.529 E F0 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 +(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 492 R F1(&)2.529 +E F0 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 (cutes the command in the).15 F F2(bac)2.528 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 -(in)2.528 E 2.875(as)108 463.2 S 2.875(ubshell. The)-2.875 F .375 +(in)2.528 E 2.875(as)108 504 S 2.875(ubshell. The)-2.875 F .375 (shell does not w)2.875 F .375 (ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .376 -(Commands sepa-)5.376 F .849(rated by a)108 475.2 R F1(;)3.349 E F0 .849 +(Commands sepa-)5.376 F .849(rated by a)108 516 R F1(;)3.349 E F0 .849 (are e)3.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .848(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F .848(aits for each command to terminate in turn.)-.1 F .848(The return) -5.848 F(status is the e)108 487.2 Q(xit status of the last command e) --.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .937(AND and OR lists are sequences \ -of one of more pipelines separated by the)108 504 R F1(&&)3.437 E F0 -(and)3.437 E F1(||)3.437 E F0 .937(control operators,)3.437 F(respecti) -108 516 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 E +5.848 F(status is the e)108 528 Q(xit status of the last command e)-.15 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .937(AND and OR lists are sequences of on\ +e of more pipelines separated by the)108 544.8 R F1(&&)3.437 E F0(and) +3.437 E F1(||)3.437 E F0 .937(control operators,)3.437 F(respecti)108 +556.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G -2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F2(command1)144 532.8 Q F1(&&) -2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 549.6 Q F0(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe) +2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F2(command1)144 573.6 Q F1(&&) +2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 590.4 Q F0(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2(command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e) -2.5 E(xit status of zero.)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 566.4 Q F2 -(command1)144 583.2 Q F1(||)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 604.8 -Q F0 .729(is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .729(cuted if and only if).15 F F2 +2.5 E(xit status of zero.)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 607.2 Q F2 +(command1)144 624 Q F1(||)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 645.6 Q +F0 .729(is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .729(cuted if and only if).15 F F2 (command1)3.429 E F0 .729(returns a non-zero e)3.229 F .729(xit status.) -.15 F .728(The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 -616.8 Q(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted in the list.).15 E F1(Compound Commands)87 633.6 Q F0(A)108 645.6 -Q F2(compound command)2.5 E F0(is one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E -(\()108 662.4 Q F2(list)A F0(\))A F2(list)17.11 E F0 .011(is e)2.511 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .011(cuted in a subshell en).15 F .011(vironment \(see) --.4 F F4 .011(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.511 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(belo) -2.262 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 674.4 S 1.064(riable assignments and b) -1.11 F 1.064(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F 1.064(fect the shell')-.25 F -3.564(se)-.55 G -.4(nv)-3.564 G 1.064(ironment do not remain in).4 F(ef) -144 686.4 Q(fect after the command completes.)-.25 E -(The return status is the e)5 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.) -A({)108 703.2 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F2(list)3.89 E F0 .401 -(is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .401(cuted in the current shell en) -.15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F2(list)5.401 E F0 .402 -(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 F 3.215 -(semicolon. This)144 715.2 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F2 -(gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 -(he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F2(list) -3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 727.2 R 2.719(et) --.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F1(\()2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1 -(\))2.719 E F0(,)A F1({)2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1(})2.719 E F0(are)2.719 -E F2 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 .22 -(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(4)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +657.6 Q(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted in the list.).15 E F1(Compound Commands)87 674.4 Q F0(A)108 686.4 +Q F2 1.053(compound command)3.553 F F0 1.053(is one of the follo)3.553 F +3.553(wing. In)-.25 F 1.053(most cases a)3.553 F F2(list)3.553 E F0 +1.054(in a command')3.554 F 3.554(sd)-.55 G 1.054(escription may be) +-3.554 F 1.027(separated from the rest of the command by one or more ne) +108 698.4 R 1.026(wlines, and may be follo)-.25 F 1.026(wed by a ne)-.25 +F 1.026(wline in)-.25 F(place of a semicolon.)108 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.3) +72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(4)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.1(wo)144 84 S .257(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257 -(Since the)5.257 F 2.757(yd)-.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w) --2.756 F .256(ord break, the)-.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256 -(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list) -2.5 E F0(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(\(\()108 112.8 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 -124.8 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .051(is e)2.551 F --.25(va)-.25 G .051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F -2.552(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.552 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .052(ARITHMETIC EV) -2.552 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 136.8 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0 .411(If the v)4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is \ -non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F -(is 1.)144 148.8 Q(This is e)5 E(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G -(lent to).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(let ")2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E -(ession)-.37 E F4(")A F0(.)A F4([[)108 165.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -(ession)-.37 E F4(]])2.5 E F0 1.299 -(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 177.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G +-.35 E(\()108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list)A F0(\))A F1(list)17.11 +E F0 .011(is e)2.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .011(cuted in a subshell en).15 F +.011(vironment \(see)-.4 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .011 +(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.511 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(belo)2.262 E(w\).)-.25 +E -1.11(Va)144 96 S 1.064(riable assignments and b)1.11 F 1.064 +(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F 1.064(fect the shell')-.25 F 3.564(se) +-.55 G -.4(nv)-3.564 G 1.064(ironment do not remain in).4 F(ef)144 108 Q +(fect after the command completes.)-.25 E(The return status is the e)5 E +(xit status of)-.15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(.)A({)108 124.8 Q F1(list)2.5 E +F0 2.5(;})C F1(list)3.89 E F0 .401(is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.401(cuted in the current shell en).15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F1(list)5.401 +E F0 .402(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 F +3.215(semicolon. This)144 136.8 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 +F F1(gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 +(he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F1(list) +3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 148.8 R 2.719(et) +-.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()2.719 E +F0(and)2.719 E F3(\))2.719 E F0(,)A F3({)2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F3(}) +2.719 E F0(are)2.719 E F1 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E +F0 .22(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 160.8 S +.257(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257(Since the)5.257 F 2.757 +(yd)-.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .256 +(ord break, the)-.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256(ust be separated)-2.756 F +(from)144 172.8 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0 +(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E(\(\()108 +189.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 201.6 Q F1 +-.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .051(is e)2.551 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 2.552(wu)-.25 G +(nder)-2.552 E F2 .052(ARITHMETIC EV)2.552 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E +(TION)144 213.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v)4.911 F +.411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the return status\ + is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(is 1.)144 225.6 Q(This is e)5 +E(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3(let ")2.5 E F1 -.2 +(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(")A F0(.)A F3([[)108 242.4 Q F1 -.2(ex) +2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(]])2.5 E F0 1.299 +(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 254.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.3(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F1 -.2(ex)3.8 G (pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(.)A 2.274 -(Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 189.6 R +(Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 266.4 R 4.773(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.773 E F2(CONDITION)4.773 E 2.273(AL EXPRES-)-.18 -F(SIONS)144 201.6 Q F3(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)5.632 G 1.133 +F(SIONS)144 278.4 Q F4(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)5.632 G 1.133 (rd splitting and pathname e).8 F 1.133 (xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F 1.133(ords between the)-.1 F -F4([[)3.633 E F0(and)144 213.6 Q F4(]])2.964 E F0 2.964(;t)C .464 +F3([[)3.633 E F0(and)144 290.4 Q F3(]])2.964 E F0 2.964(;t)C .464 (ilde e)-2.964 F .464(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .464(ariable e) -.25 F .463(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .463 (xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.081 -(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 225.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G +(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 302.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.581(la).25 G 1.081(re performed.)-3.581 F 1.081 -(Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F4<ad66>3.581 E F0 -(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 237.6 Q -(When used with)144 255.6 Q F4([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F4(<)2.5 E -F0(and)2.5 E F4(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F3<ad66>3.581 E F0 +(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 314.4 Q +(When used with)144 332.4 Q F3([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(<)2.5 E +F0(and)2.5 E F3(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E (xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .503(When the)144 -273.6 R F4(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F4(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators ar\ +350.4 R F3(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F3(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators ar\ e used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pat-) -3.002 F 1.224(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 -285.6 R 3.724(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.724 E F4 -.1(Pa)3.724 G(tter).1 E 3.725 -(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.725 E F0 6.225(.I)C 3.725(ft)-6.225 G 1.225 -(he shell)-3.725 F(option)144 297.6 Q F4(nocasematch)3.405 E F0 .904 -(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.405 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.904(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.751(characters. The)144 309.6 -R .251(return v)2.751 F .251(alue is 0 if the string matches \()-.25 F -F4(==)A F0 2.751(\)o)C 2.751(rd)-2.751 G .251(oes not match \()-2.751 F -F4(!=)A F0 2.751(\)t)C .252(he pattern, and)-2.751 F 2.5(1o)144 321.6 S -2.5(therwise. An)-2.5 F 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted \ -to force it to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 -(An additional binary operator)144 339.6 R(,)-.4 E F4(=~)2.743 E F0 +3.002 F .81(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 +362.4 R 3.31(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.31 E F3 -.1(Pa)3.31 G(tter).1 E 3.31(nM) +-.15 G(atching)-3.31 E F0 3.31(,a)C 3.31(si)-3.31 G 3.31(ft)-3.31 G(he) +-3.31 E F3(ext-)3.31 E(glob)144 374.4 Q F0 1.007 +(shell option were enabled.)3.507 F(The)6.007 E F3(=)3.507 E F0 1.007 +(operator is equi)3.507 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.007(lent to).25 F F3(==)3.507 +E F0 6.007(.I)C 3.507(ft)-6.007 G 1.007(he shell option)-3.507 F F3 +(nocase-)3.506 E(match)144 386.4 Q F0 .198 +(is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.698 F -.05(ga)-.15 G +.198(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F(The)5.198 E 1.068 +(return v)144 398.4 R 1.068(alue is 0 if the string matches \()-.25 F F3 +(==)A F0 3.568(\)o)C 3.568(rd)-3.568 G 1.068(oes not match \()-3.568 F +F3(!=)A F0 3.568(\)t)C 1.067(he pattern, and 1 otherwise.)-3.568 F(An) +144 410.4 Q 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted to force the\ + quoted portion to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 +(An additional binary operator)144 428.4 R(,)-.4 E F3(=~)2.743 E F0 2.743(,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243 -(ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F4(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E -F4(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 +(ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F3(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E +F3(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 (used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an e)144 -351.6 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954 -(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 363.6 R F1 +440.4 R 1.953(xtended re)-.15 F 1.953(gular e)-.15 F 1.953 +(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 452.4 R F1 -.37(re)2.707 G -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). The)B .207 (return v)2.707 F .207 -(alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1)-.25 F 3.345 -(otherwise. If)144 375.6 R .845(the re)3.345 F .845(gular e)-.15 F .846 +(alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1)-.25 F 3.346 +(otherwise. If)144 464.4 R .846(the re)3.346 F .846(gular e)-.15 F .845 (xpression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional e)-.15 F -(xpression')-.15 E 3.346(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.346 E -.25(va)144 387.6 S -.667(lue is 2.).25 F .667(If the shell option)5.667 F F4(nocasematch) +(xpression')-.15 E 3.345(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.345 E -.25(va)144 476.4 S +.666(lue is 2.).25 F .667(If the shell option)5.667 F F3(nocasematch) 3.167 E F0 .667(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.167 F --.05(ga)-.15 G .666(rd to).05 F .378(the case of alphabetic characters.) -144 399.6 R(An)5.378 E 2.878(yp)-.15 G .378 -(art of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched)-2.878 F -.265(as a string.)144 411.6 R .265 -(Substrings matched by parenthesized sube)5.265 F .265 -(xpressions within the re)-.15 F .265(gular e)-.15 F .265(xpression are) --.15 F(sa)144 423.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.096(di).15 G 3.097(nt)-3.096 G -.597(he array v)-3.097 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E -(TCH)-.855 E F3(.)A F0 .597(The element of)5.097 F F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G -(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 .597(with inde)2.847 F 3.097(x0i)-.15 G(s) --3.097 E .049(the portion of the string matching the entire re)144 435.6 -R .049(gular e)-.15 F 2.549(xpression. The)-.15 F .049(element of)2.549 -F F2 -.27(BA)2.549 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0(with inde)144 447.6 Q -(x)-.15 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is the portion of the string matching the)2.5 E -F1(n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 465.6 R .786 +-.05(ga)-.15 G .667(rd to).05 F .593(the case of alphabetic characters.) +144 488.4 R(An)5.593 E 3.093(yp)-.15 G .592 +(art of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted por)-3.093 F(-)-.2 +E 1.016(tion to be matched as a string.)144 500.4 R(Brack)6.016 E 1.016 +(et e)-.1 F 1.016(xpressions in re)-.15 F 1.016(gular e)-.15 F 1.016 +(xpressions must be treated care-)-.15 F(fully)144 512.4 Q 4.436(,s)-.65 +G 1.936 +(ince normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brack)-4.436 +F 4.435(ets. If)-.1 F 1.935(the pattern is)4.435 F .264 +(stored in a shell v)144 524.4 R .264(ariable, quoting the v)-.25 F .264 +(ariable e)-.25 F .265 +(xpansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as)-.15 F 3.774(as)144 +536.4 S 3.774(tring. Substrings)-3.774 F 1.274 +(matched by parenthesized sube)3.774 F 1.273(xpressions within the re) +-.15 F 1.273(gular e)-.15 F 1.273(xpression are)-.15 F(sa)144 548.4 Q +-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.096(di).15 G 3.097(nt)-3.096 G .597(he array v)-3.097 F +(ariable)-.25 E F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F4(.)A F0 +.597(The element of)5.097 F F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E +F0 .597(with inde)2.847 F 3.097(x0i)-.15 G(s)-3.097 E .049 +(the portion of the string matching the entire re)144 560.4 R .049 +(gular e)-.15 F 2.549(xpression. The)-.15 F .049(element of)2.549 F F2 +-.27(BA)2.549 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0(with inde)144 572.4 Q(x) +-.15 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is the portion of the string matching the)2.5 E F1 +(n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 590.4 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 -477.6 Q F4(\()144 495.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F4(\)) -2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 507.6 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F1 -.2(ex) +602.4 Q F3(\()144 620.4 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(\)) +2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 632.4 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F1 -.2(ex) 3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) -5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F -(operators.)180 519.6 Q F4(!)144 531.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) --.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 543.6 S(ue if).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F1 -.2(ex)144 555.6 S(pr).2 E -(ession1)-.37 E F4(&&)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 567.6 S(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) +(operators.)180 644.4 Q F3(!)144 656.4 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) +-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 668.4 S(ue if).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F1 -.2(ex)144 680.4 S(pr).2 E +(ession1)-.37 E F3(&&)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 692.4 S(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) -.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.) -2.52 E F1 -.2(ex)144 579.6 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F4(||)2.5 E F1 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 591.6 S(ue if either).35 +2.52 E F1 -.2(ex)144 704.4 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F3(||)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 716.4 S(ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr) -.2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 608.4 Q F4(&&)3.64 E F0 -(and)3.64 E F4(||)3.64 E F0 1.14(operators do not e)3.64 F -.25(va)-.25 -G(luate).25 E F1 -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 1.141 -(if the v)3.641 F 1.141(alue of)-.25 F F1 -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E +.2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(5)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 6 6 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&&)3.64 E F0(and)3.64 E F1(||) +3.64 E F0 1.14(operators do not e)3.64 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 1.141 +(if the v)3.641 F 1.141(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E (ession1)-.37 E F0 1.141(is suf)3.641 F 1.141(\214cient to)-.25 F -(determine the return v)144 620.4 Q(alue of the entire conditional e) --.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F4 -.25(fo)108 637.2 S(r).25 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -2.5([[)2.5 G F4(in)A F0([)2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(]];])2.5 G F4(do)A F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F4(done)2.5 E F0 .424 -(The list of w)144 649.2 R .424(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F4(in)2.924 +(determine the return v)144 96 Q(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E +(xpression.)-.15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 112.8 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5 +([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(]];])2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .424 +(The list of w)144 124.8 R .424(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.924 E F0 .423(is e)2.924 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F -.423(The v)5.423 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.923 E F0 .423(is set to) -2.923 F .653(each element of this list in turn, and)144 661.2 R F1(list) +.423(The v)5.423 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.923 E F0 .423(is set to) +2.923 F .653(each element of this list in turn, and)144 136.8 R F2(list) 3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F -.653(If the)5.653 F F4(in)3.153 E F1(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 -(is omitted, the)3.153 F F4 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .649(command e) -144 673.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(list)3.149 E F0 .648 -(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F2 -.666 -(PA)3.148 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.898 E(w\).)-.25 E .153 -(The return status is the e)144 685.2 R .153 +.653(If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 +(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .649(command e) +144 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.149 E F0 .648 +(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.898 E(w\).) +-.25 E .153(The return status is the e)144 160.8 R .153 (xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.654 (cutes. If).15 F .154(the e)2.654 F .154(xpansion of the items)-.15 F -(follo)144 697.2 Q(wing)-.25 E F4(in)2.5 E F0 +(follo)144 172.8 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(5)190.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 6 6 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(r).25 E F0(\(\()2.5 E/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 -E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.236 -(First, the arithmetic e)144 96 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.736 G -(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e)3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235 +(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 189.6 S(r).25 E +F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 +E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 E F2 +(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.236(First, the arithmetic e) +144 201.6 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.736 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) +3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235 (luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.735(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-3.735 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 108 R(ALU) --1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .561 -(The arithmetic e)5.061 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.562(is then e)3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G .562(luated repeatedly until).25 F -.592(it e)144 120 R -.25(va)-.25 G .592(luates to zero.).25 F .592 -(Each time)5.592 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 +(nder)-3.735 E F3 .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 213.6 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) +-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .561(The arithmetic e) +5.061 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 .562(is then e) +3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G .562(luated repeatedly until).25 F .592(it e)144 +225.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .592(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.592 F +F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 (luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .591(is e) 3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .591(cuted and the arith-).15 F .228(metic e)144 -132 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.728 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.728 F +237.6 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.728 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.728 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 (xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G 2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.729(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.979 G -.229(luates to 1.).25 F .228(The return v)144 144 R .228(alue is the e) --.25 F .228(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2(list)2.728 E F0 -.227(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cuted, or f).15 F .227 -(alse if an)-.1 F 2.727(yo)-.15 G 2.727(ft)-2.727 G(he)-2.727 E -.15(ex) -144 156 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1(select)108 -172.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .432 -(The list of w)144 184.8 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.932 -E F0 .432(is e)2.932 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F -.433(The set of e)5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843 -(is printed on the standard error)144 196.8 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 +.229(luates to 1.).25 F .228(The return v)144 249.6 R .228 +(alue is the e)-.25 F .228(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 +(list)2.728 E F0 .227(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cuted, or f) +.15 F .227(alse if an)-.1 F 2.727(yo)-.15 G 2.727(ft)-2.727 G(he)-2.727 +E -.15(ex)144 261.6 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1 +(select)108 278.4 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 +.432(The list of w)144 290.4 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) +2.932 E F0 .432(is e)2.932 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.) +-.15 F .433(The set of e)5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843 +(is printed on the standard error)144 302.4 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 (ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) -3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .842 (is omitted, the posi-)3.342 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) -144 208.8 R F3 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 +144 314.4 R F3 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 (w\). The)-.25 F F3(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201(prompt is then displayed and a) -2.451 F .214(line read from the standard input.)144 220.8 R .213 +2.451 F .214(line read from the standard input.)144 326.4 R .213 (If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.214 -F 1.537(played w)144 232.8 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of) +F 1.537(played w)144 338.4 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of) -.25 F F2(name)4.397 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.217 F 4.037(ord. If) -.1 F 1.538(the line is empty)4.038 F 4.038(,t)-.65 G 1.538(he w)-4.038 -F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 244.8 R 2.566 +F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 350.4 R 2.566 (ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.566 F(An) 5.065 E 2.565(yo)-.15 G .065(ther v)-2.565 F .065(alue read causes)-.25 -F F2(name)144 256.8 Q F0 .972(to be set to null.)3.652 F .972 +F F2(name)144 362.4 Q F0 .972(to be set to null.)3.652 F .972 (The line read is sa)5.972 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.473(di).15 G 3.473(nt) -3.473 G .973(he v)-3.473 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.473 E(Y)-.828 E F4 (.)A F0(The)5.473 E F2(list)3.563 E F0 .973(is e)4.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.973(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 268.8 R F1(br) +.973(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 374.4 R F1(br) 2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 (cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1(select) 2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .071(xit status of the)-.15 F -(last command e)144 280.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E +(last command e)144 386.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 297.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 403.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 (pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) -2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 309.6 Q F1(case)3.264 E F0 .764 +2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 415.2 Q F1(case)3.264 E F0 .764 (command \214rst e)3.264 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .765(in turn, using the)3.264 F .596 -(same matching rules as for pathname e)144 321.6 R .595(xpansion \(see) +(same matching rules as for pathname e)144 427.2 R .595(xpansion \(see) -.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .595(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.095 E 3.095(w\). The)-.25 F F2(wor)3.095 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.095 E -.15(ex)144 -333.6 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092 +439.2 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F 1.092(ariable e)-.25 F 1.092 (xpansion, arithmetic substitution, com-)-.15 F 1.268 -(mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 345.6 R -.25 +(mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 451.2 R -.25 (va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G -1.268(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 357.6 R +1.268(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 463.2 R .353(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .353(ariable e)-.25 F .353 (xpansion, arithmetic substitution, command substi-)-.15 F 1.517 -(tution, and process substitution.)144 369.6 R 1.517 +(tution, and process substitution.)144 475.2 R 1.517 (If the shell option)6.517 F F1(nocasematch)4.016 E F0 1.516 (is enabled, the match is per)4.016 F(-)-.2 E 1.346(formed without re) -144 381.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.346 +144 487.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.346 (rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F 1.347 -(When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 393.6 Q F2(list) +(When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 499.2 Q F2(list) 2.777 E F0 .277(is e)2.777 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.777(cuted. If).15 F(the) 2.777 E F1(;;)2.777 E F0 .277 (operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after the)2.777 F -.848(\214rst pattern match.)144 405.6 R(Using)5.848 E F1(;&)3.348 E F0 +.848(\214rst pattern match.)144 511.2 R(Using)5.848 E F1(;&)3.348 E F0 .849(in place of)3.349 F F1(;;)3.349 E F0 .849(causes e)3.349 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .849(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)3.349 E F0 -(associated)3.349 E .078(with the ne)144 417.6 R .078 +(associated)3.349 E .078(with the ne)144 523.2 R .078 (xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.078 E F1(;;&)2.578 E F0 .078 (in place of)2.578 F F1(;;)2.578 E F0 .077 (causes the shell to test the ne)2.578 F .077(xt pattern list in)-.15 F -.227(the statement, if an)144 429.6 R 1.527 -.65(y, a)-.15 H .227(nd e) +.227(the statement, if an)144 535.2 R 1.527 -.65(y, a)-.15 H .227(nd e) .65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cute an).15 F 2.727(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-2.727 E F2(list)2.727 E F0 .227(on a successful match.)2.727 F .227(The e) -5.227 F .227(xit status is zero)-.15 F(if no pattern matches.)144 441.6 +5.227 F .227(xit status is zero)-.15 F(if no pattern matches.)144 547.2 Q(Otherwise, it is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 458.4 Q F2 -(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list;)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(elif)2.5 E -F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 -E F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 470.4 Q F1 -(if)2.978 E F2(list)3.068 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 564 Q F2 +(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;[)C F1(elif)A F2 +(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E +F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 576 Q F1(if) +2.978 E F2(list)3.068 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 (cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F1(elif)2.977 E F2(list)2.977 -E F0 1.087(is e)144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087 +E F0 1.087(is e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087 (cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 (xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F1(then)3.587 E F2(list) 3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted and the).15 F -.104(command completes.)144 494.4 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F1(else) +.104(command completes.)144 600 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F1(else) 2.603 E F2(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 (cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) --.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 506.4 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while) -108 523.2 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 -(done)2.5 E(until)108 535.2 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2 -(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 547.2 Q F1(while)3.45 E F0 +-.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 612 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while)108 +628.8 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 +(done)2.5 E(until)108 640.8 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2 +(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 652.8 Q F1(while)3.45 E F0 .95(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95(cutes the list).15 F F2(list-2)3.45 E F0 .95(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F -F2(list-1)144 559.2 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205 +F2(list-1)144 664.8 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205 (xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F1(until)2.705 E F0 .205 (command is identical to the)2.705 F F1(while)2.705 E F0 .205 -(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .599(that the test is ne)144 571.2 R +(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .599(that the test is ne)144 676.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ted;).05 E F2(list-2)3.189 E F0 .599(is e)3.119 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .6(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F2(list-1)3.19 -E F0 .6(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 583.2 S .205(it status.).15 +E F0 .6(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 688.8 S .205(it status.).15 F .205(The e)5.205 F .205(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while)2.705 E F0 (and)2.705 E F1(until)2.704 E F0 .204(commands is the e)2.704 F .204 -(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 595.2 S(cuted in).15 +(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 700.8 S(cuted in).15 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) --.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(Copr)87 612 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0(A) -108 624 Q F2(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 +-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2) +141.79 E(6)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 7 7 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Copr)87 84 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0(A)108 96 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 (is a shell command preceded by the)3.712 F F1(copr)3.713 E(oc)-.18 E F0 (reserv)3.713 E 1.213(ed w)-.15 F 3.713(ord. A)-.1 F 1.213 (coprocess is e)3.713 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.213(cuted asyn-).15 F .575(chr\ onously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) -108 636 R F1(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G -.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 648 S 2.5(yp).1 G +108 108 R F1(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G +.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 120 S 2.5(yp).1 G (ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The format for a coprocess is:) -108 664.8 Q F1(copr)144 681.6 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 +108 136.8 Q F1(copr)144 153.6 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 -E F0(])A .922(This creates a coprocess named)108 698.4 R F2 -.27(NA) -3.422 G(ME).27 E F0 5.922(.I)C(f)-5.922 E F2 -.27(NA)3.422 G(ME).27 E F0 -.923(is not supplied, the def)3.422 F .923(ault name is)-.1 F F2(COPR) -3.423 E(OC)-.4 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.923 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 -(must not be supplied if)108 710.4 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 +E F0(])A .708(This creates a coprocess named)108 170.4 R F2 -.27(NA) +3.208 G(ME).27 E F0 5.708(.I)C(f)-5.708 E F2 -.27(NA)3.208 G(ME).27 E F0 +.708(is not supplied, the def)3.208 F .708(ault name is)-.1 F F1(COPR) +3.209 E(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.709 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 +(must not be supplied if)108 182.4 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 F F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .64(\); otherwise, it is interpreted as the \214rst).15 F -.1(wo)108 -722.4 S .163(rd of the simple command.).1 F .163(When the coproc is e) -5.163 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .163(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F -.163(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.663 E F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(6)190.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 7 7 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(belo)108 84 Q .512(w\) named)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.27 -(NA)3.012 G(ME).27 E F0 .512(in the conte)3.012 F .511(xt of the e)-.15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .511(cuting shell.).15 F .511(The standard output of) -5.511 F F1(command)3.211 E F0 .511(is connected)3.781 F .81 -(via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .811 -(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F1 -.27 -(NA)3.311 G(ME).27 E F0 3.311([0]. The)B .717(standard input of)108 108 -R F1(command)3.417 E F0 .716 -(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)3.987 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .716(cuting shell, and that \214le).15 F .702 -(descriptor is assigned to)108 120 R F1 -.27(NA)3.202 G(ME).27 E F0 -3.202([1]. This)B .703(pipe is established before an)3.203 F 3.203(yr) --.15 G .703(edirections speci\214ed by the com-)-3.203 F 1.184 -(mand \(see)108 132 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.684 E F0(belo) -3.434 E 3.684(w\). The)-.25 F 1.183 -(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.684 F 1.183 -(guments to shell commands)-.18 F 1.796 -(and redirections using standard w)108 144 R 1.796(ord e)-.1 F 4.297 -(xpansions. The)-.15 F 1.797(process ID of the shell spa)4.297 F 1.797 -(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.797(cute the).15 F .483 -(coprocess is a)108 156 R -.25(va)-.2 G .483(ilable as the v).25 F .483 -(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.27(NA)2.983 G(ME).27 E F0 -2.983(_PID. The)B/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G -.483(iltin command may be used to).2 F -.1(wa)108 168 S -(it for the coprocess to terminate.).1 E -(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 184.8 Q(xit status of) --.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 201.6 -Q F0 2.697(As)108 213.6 S .198 -(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.697 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G -.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 -(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 225.6 S .5 -.25(ew s) --2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E -(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(name)108 242.4 -Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F1(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C -(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F3(function)108 254.4 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 -([\(\)])2.5 E F1(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir) -.37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 -266.4 R F1(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402 -(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F3(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F -1.402(If the)6.402 F F3(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 278.4 Q .162 +194.4 S 1.44(rd of the simple command.).1 F 1.44 +(When the coprocess is e)6.44 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.44 +(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F 1.44(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)108 206.4 Q F0(belo)3.671 E 1.171(w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA) +3.671 G(ME).27 E F0 1.171(in the conte)3.671 F 1.171(xt of the e)-.15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.171(cuting shell.).15 F 1.17(The standard output of) +6.17 F F2(command)3.87 E F0(is)4.44 E 2.029 +(connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 218.4 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.029 +(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F2 -.27 +(NA)108 230.4 S(ME).27 E F0 3.857([0]. The)B 1.357(standard input of) +3.857 F F2(command)4.057 E F0 1.356 +(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)4.627 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .103 +(shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to)108 242.4 R F2 -.27 +(NA)2.603 G(ME).27 E F0 2.603([1]. This)B .103 +(pipe is established before an)2.603 F 2.604(yr)-.15 G .104 +(edirections spec-)-2.604 F 1.272(i\214ed by the command \(see)108 254.4 +R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.771 E F0(belo)3.521 E 3.771 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.271(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.771 F +1.271(guments to)-.18 F .515 +(shell commands and redirections using standard w)108 266.4 R .515 +(ord e)-.1 F 3.015(xpansions. The)-.15 F .515 +(\214le descriptors are not a)3.015 F -.25(va)-.2 G .515(ilable in).25 F +3.637(subshells. The)108 278.4 R 1.137(process ID of the shell spa)3.637 +F 1.137(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.137(cute the coprocess is a) +.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.136(ilable as the v).25 F 1.136(alue of the)-.25 F +-.25(va)108 290.4 S(riable).25 E F2 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F0 2.5 +(_PID. The)B F1(wait)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin command may be used to w).2 E +(ait for the coprocess to terminate.)-.1 E .336 +(Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 +307.2 R F1(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .336(command al)2.836 F -.1(wa)-.1 +G .336(ys returns success.).1 F +(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 319.2 Q(xit status of) +-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 336 Q +F0 2.698(As)108 348 S .198 +(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.698 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G +.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 +(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 360 S .5 -.25(ew s)-2.5 +H(et of positional parameters.).25 E +(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(name)108 376.8 +Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C +(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F1(function)108 388.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +([\(\)])2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir) +.37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A 1.402(This de\214nes a function named)144 +400.8 R F2(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402 +(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F +1.403(If the)6.402 F F1(function)3.903 E F0(reserv)144 412.8 Q .162 (ed w)-.15 F .162(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F -(The)5.162 E F1(body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound) -2.662 F(command)144 290.4 Q F1(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see) -3.354 E F3 .084(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.584(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F1(list)144 302.4 +(The)5.162 E F2(body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound) +2.662 F(command)144 424.8 Q F2(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see) +3.354 E F1 .084(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.584(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F2(list)144 436.8 Q F0 .044(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F -2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F3 .044 -(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -(compound\255command)6.671 E F0 1.671(is e)4.171 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.671 -(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1(name)4.171 E F0 1.671 -(is speci\214ed as the name of a simple)4.171 F 3.008(command. An)144 -326.4 R 3.009(yr)-.15 G .509(edirections \(see)-3.009 F F2(REDIRECTION) -3.009 E F0(belo)2.759 E .509 -(w\) speci\214ed when a function is de\214ned are)-.25 F .581 -(performed when the function is e)144 338.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.081 -(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.081 G .58 -(it status of a function de\214nition is zero unless a).15 F .177(synta\ -x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 -350.4 R 2.678(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)2.678 G .178(cuted, the).15 F --.15(ex)144 362.4 S .64(it status of a function is the e).15 F .64 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .64 -(cuted in the body).15 F 5.64(.\()-.65 G(See)-5.64 E F2(FUNC-)3.14 E -(TIONS)144 374.4 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)72 391.2 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 -403.2 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F3(interacti)3.482 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F3(shopt)3.482 E -F0 -.2(bu)108 415.2 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F2 .952(SHELL B) +2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F1 .044 +(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 448.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F2 +(compound\255command)6.67 E F0 1.67(is e)4.17 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.671 +(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2(name)4.171 E F0 1.671 +(is speci\214ed as the name of a simple)4.171 F 2.753(command. When)144 +460.8 R(in)2.753 E F2 .253(posix mode)2.753 F F0(,)A F2(name)2.753 E F0 +.253(may not be the name of one of the POSIX)2.753 F F2 .252(special b) +2.753 F(uiltins)-.2 E F0(.)A(An)144 472.8 Q 3.241(yr)-.15 G .741 +(edirections \(see)-3.241 F F3(REDIRECTION)3.241 E F0(belo)2.991 E .742 +(w\) speci\214ed when a function is de\214ned are performed)-.25 F .171 +(when the function is e)144 484.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.671(cuted. The).15 +F -.15(ex)2.671 G .17 +(it status of a function de\214nition is zero unless a syntax error).15 +F .704(occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 +496.8 R 3.205(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)3.205 G .705(cuted, the e).15 +F .705(xit status)-.15 F 1.822(of a function is the e)144 508.8 R 1.821 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.821 +(cuted in the body).15 F 6.821(.\()-.65 G(See)-6.821 E F3(FUNCTIONS) +4.321 E F0(belo)144 520.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)72 537.6 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 +549.6 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F1(interacti)3.482 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F1(shopt)3.482 E +F0 -.2(bu)108 561.6 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B) 3.452 F(UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952 -(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#)3.451 E +(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)3.451 E F0 .951(causes that w)3.451 F(ord)-.1 E .604 -(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 427.2 R +(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 573.6 R .605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) -.15 F F3(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 439.2 Q F0 +.15 F F1(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 585.6 Q F0 1.337(option enabled does not allo)3.837 F 3.837(wc)-.25 G 3.836 -(omments. The)-3.837 F F3(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +(omments. The)-3.837 F F1(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 -451.2 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 468 S -.438(OT) -.11 G(ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 480 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F +597.6 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 614.4 S -.438(OT) +.11 G(ING).438 E F2(Quoting)108 626.4 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477 (he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477 (ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 (used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 -492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 -(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 504 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 520.8 -R F1(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo) -2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(DEFINITIONS)2.788 E F0 .288 -(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F -(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 532.8 Q 1.345 -(When the command history e)108 549.6 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 -(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 +638.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 +(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 650.4 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 +667.2 R F2(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 +(listed abo)2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS) +2.788 E F0 .288(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F +(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 679.2 Q 1.345 +(When the command history e)108 696 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 +(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) --.25 F F1(history e)108 561.6 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 -(,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F3(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 578.4 Q F1(escape c)2.5 E +-.25 F F2(history e)108 708 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5(,u) +-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E +(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 724.8 Q F2(escape c)2.5 E (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G -(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 595.2 S .474 -(on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F F3(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 -G(he)-2.974 E F1 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 -(.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474(es the literal v)-.15 F -.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 607.2 -Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of <ne)-.15 F 4.053 -(wline>. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F3(\\)4.053 E F0(<ne)A 1.553 +(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(7)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 8 8 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 2.974(An)108 84 S .474(on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 G(he)-2.974 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 +5.474(.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474(es the literal v) +-.15 F .474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475(xt character that)-.15 F(follo) +108 96 Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of <ne)-.15 F 4.053 +(wline>. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F1(\\)4.053 E F0(<ne)A 1.553 (wline> pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.122 -(quoted, the)108 619.2 R F3(\\)3.622 E F0(<ne)A 1.122 +(quoted, the)108 108 R F1(\\)3.622 E F0(<ne)A 1.122 (wline> is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.123(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F -(ef)108 631.2 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 -(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 648 R .295 +(ef)108 120 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 +(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 136.8 R .295 (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E -(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 660 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 -(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 676.8 R .034 +(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 148.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 +(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 165.6 R .034 (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 -688.8 S .828(ception of).15 F F3($)3.328 E F0(,)A F3<92>3.328 E F0(,)A -F3(\\)3.328 E F0 3.328(,a)C .828(nd, when history e)-3.328 F .828 -(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F3(!)3.328 E F0 5.828(.T)C .828 -(he characters)-5.828 F F3($)3.328 E F0(and)3.328 E F3<92>3.328 E F0 +177.6 S .828(ception of).15 F F1($)3.328 E F0(,)A F1<92>3.328 E F0(,)A +F1(\\)3.328 E F0 3.328(,a)C .828(nd, when history e)-3.328 F .828 +(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F1(!)3.328 E F0 5.828(.T)C .828 +(he characters)-5.828 F F1($)3.328 E F0(and)3.328 E F1<92>3.328 E F0 .827(retain their special)3.328 F .074(meaning within double quotes.)108 -700.8 R .074(The backslash retains its special meaning only when follo) -5.074 F .075(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 712.8 Q .205 -(wing characters:)-.25 F F3($)2.705 E F0(,)A F3<92>2.705 E F0(,)A F3(") -3.538 E F0(,).833 E F3(\\)2.705 E F0 2.705(,o)C(r)-2.705 E F3(<newline>) +189.6 R .074(The backslash retains its special meaning only when follo) +5.074 F .075(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 201.6 Q .205 +(wing characters:)-.25 F F1($)2.705 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.705 E F0(,)A F1(") +3.538 E F0(,).833 E F1(\\)2.705 E F0 2.705(,o)C(r)-2.705 E F1(<newline>) 2.705 E F0 5.205(.A)C .204 (double quote may be quoted within double quotes by pre-)-2.5 F .081 -(ceding it with a backslash.)108 724.8 R .082(If enabled, history e) -5.082 F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F3(!)2.582 E F0 -.082(appearing in double)5.082 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) -135.965 E(7)190.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 8 8 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 84 Q -(The backslash preceding the)5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.5 E F0 -(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 -100.8 Q F1(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 -H(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(ceding it with a backslash.)108 213.6 R .082(If enabled, history e) +5.082 F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F1(!)2.582 E F0 +.082(appearing in double)5.082 F(quotes is escaped using a backslash.) +108 225.6 Q(The backslash preceding the)5 E F1(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 242.4 Q F1(*)2.5 E +F0(and)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H +(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 -117.6 S .212(rds of the form).8 F F1($)2.712 E F0<08>A/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0 2.712<0861>C .211(re treated specially) --2.712 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F .211(ord e)-.1 F .211 -(xpands to)-.15 F F3(string)2.711 E F0 2.711(,w)C .211 -(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.711 F(-)-.2 E .604 -(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 129.6 R .605 +259.2 S .212(rds of the form).8 F F1($)2.712 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 +2.712<0861>C .211(re treated specially)-2.712 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211 +(he w)-5.211 F .211(ord e)-.1 F .211(xpands to)-.15 F F2(string)2.711 E +F0 2.711(,w)C .211(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.711 F(-)-.2 E .604 +(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 271.2 R .605 (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo) -108 141.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 153.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1 -(\\b)144 165.6 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\e)144 177.6 Q(\\E)144 189.6 Q -F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1(\\f)144 201.6 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E -F1(\\n)144 213.6 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 -225.6 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 237.6 Q F0(horizontal tab) -29.89 E F1(\\v)144 249.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\) -144 261.6 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1<5c08>144 273.6 Q F0(single quote) -30.44 E F1(\\")144 285.6 Q F0(double quote)27.67 E F1(\\)144 297.6 Q F3 +108 283.2 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 295.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1 +(\\b)144 307.2 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\e)144 319.2 Q(\\E)144 331.2 Q +F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1(\\f)144 343.2 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E +F1(\\n)144 355.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 +367.2 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 379.2 Q F0(horizontal tab) +29.89 E F1(\\v)144 391.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\) +144 403.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1<5c08>144 415.2 Q F0(single quote) +30.44 E F1(\\")144 427.2 Q F0(double quote)27.67 E F1(\\)144 439.2 Q F2 (nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v) --.25 E(alue)-.25 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x) -144 309.6 Q F3(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0 +-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x) +144 451.2 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 321.6 Q F3(HHHH)A F0 1.507 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 333.6 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F3(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 345.6 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 357.6 Q F3(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 369.6 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F3(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 381.6 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(\\c)144 393.6 Q F3(x)A F0 2.5(ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 -E F3(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 410.4 Q(xpanded result is single-\ -quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad)108 -427.2 S .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F1 -($)A F0(")A F3(string)A F0 .14 +(\\u)144 463.2 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 475.2 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 487.2 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 499.2 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 511.2 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 523.2 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(\\c)144 535.2 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5(ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 +E F2(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 552 Q(xpanded result is single-qu\ +oted, as if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad)108 +568.8 S .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F1 +($)A F0(")A F2(string)A F0 .14 ("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B .495 -(to the current locale.)108 439.2 R .495(If the current locale is)5.495 +(to the current locale.)108 580.8 R .495(If the current locale is)5.495 F F1(C)2.995 E F0(or)2.995 E F1(POSIX)2.995 E F0 2.995(,t)C .495 (he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.995 F .496(If the string is trans-)5.496 -F(lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 451.2 Q/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 468 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 480 Q F3 -(par)4.593 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .843(is an entity that stores v)4.073 F -3.343(alues. It)-.25 F .843(can be a)3.343 F F3(name)3.342 E F0 3.342 +F(lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 592.8 Q/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 609.6 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 621.6 Q +F2(par)4.593 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .843(is an entity that stores v)4.073 F +3.343(alues. It)-.25 F .843(can be a)3.343 F F2(name)3.342 E F0 3.342 (,an).18 G(umber)-3.342 E 3.342(,o)-.4 G 3.342(ro)-3.342 G .842 -(ne of the special characters)-3.342 F .822(listed belo)108 492 R 3.323 -(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 -5.823(.A)C F3(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)3.503 -F F3(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823(riable has a).25 -F F3(value)108 504 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869 F F3(attrib)2.869 E -(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 +(ne of the special characters)-3.342 F .822(listed belo)108 633.6 R +3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E +F0 5.823(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a) +3.503 F F2(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823 +(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 645.6 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869 +F F2(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 (utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -(belo)108 516 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 2.754(Ap)108 532.8 +(belo)108 657.6 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 2.754(Ap)108 674.4 S .254(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.754 F 2.754 (alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .255(alid v)-.25 F 2.755(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255(ariable is set, it)-3.005 -F(may be unset only by using the)108 544.8 Q F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 561.6 Q F3(variable)2.79 E F0 -(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F3(name)144 578.4 -Q F0(=[)A F3(value)A F0(])A(If)108 595.2 Q F3(value)3.023 E F0 .233 +F(may be unset only by using the)108 686.4 Q F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 703.2 Q F2(variable)2.79 E F0 +(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F2(name)144 720 Q +F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E +(8)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 9 9 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(If)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)3.023 E F0 .233 (is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F .232 -(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F3(values)3.022 +(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F1(values)3.022 E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232(xpansion, parameter)-.15 -F .515(and v)108 607.2 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 +F .515(and v)108 96 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) --3.015 E F2(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 619.2 Q 2.699 -(w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F1 -(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F3(value) -2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198 +-3.015 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 108 +Q 2.699(w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F/F3 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then) +-.2 F F1(value)2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198 (luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n).15 E .901(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 631.2 R .901 -(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F +(n).15 E .901(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 120 R .901 +(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F3 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F F0(belo)3.401 E 3.402(w\). W)-.25 F .902 -(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.179(with the e)108 643.2 R -1.179(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.679 E F0 1.179(as e)3.679 F 1.179 -(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.178(Special P) +(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.179(with the e)108 132 R 1.179 +(xception of)-.15 F F3("$@")3.679 E F0 1.179(as e)3.679 F 1.179 +(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F3 1.178(Special P) 3.678 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.178(.P)C 1.178(athname e)-6.328 F 1.178 -(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.648(performed. Assignment)108 655.2 R 1.148 -(statements may also appear as ar)3.648 F 1.149(guments to the)-.18 F F1 -(alias)3.649 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.649 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.649 -E F0(,)A F1(export)3.649 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 667.2 S(adonly).18 E F0 -2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(local)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin commands.).2 E -.377(In the conte)108 684 R .377 +(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.648(performed. Assignment)108 144 R 1.148 +(statements may also appear as ar)3.648 F 1.149(guments to the)-.18 F F3 +(alias)3.649 E F0(,)A F3(declar)3.649 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F3(typeset)3.649 +E F0(,)A F3(export)3.649 E F0(,)A F3 -.18(re)108 156 S(adonly).18 E F0 +2.63(,a)C(nd)-2.63 E F3(local)2.63 E F0 -.2(bu)2.63 G .13 +(iltin commands.).2 F .13(When in)5.13 F F1 .129(posix mode)2.629 F F0 +2.629(,t)C .129(hese b)-2.629 F .129 +(uiltins may appear in a command after)-.2 F +(one or more instances of the)108 168 Q F3(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin and retain these assignment statement properties.).2 E .376 +(In the conte)108 184.8 R .376 (xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376 -(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .376(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .376 +(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377 (x, the +=)-.15 F .257 -(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 696 R(ariable') +(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 196.8 R(ariable') -.25 E 2.757(sp)-.55 G(re)-2.757 E .257(vious v)-.25 F 2.757(alue. When) --.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .361 -(for which the)108 708 R F3(inte)2.861 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) -2.861 E .361(ute has been set,)-.2 F F3(value)2.861 E F0 .361(is e)2.861 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .36(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .36 -(xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 720 S(riable').25 E 2.888 -(sc)-.55 G .388(urrent v)-2.888 F .388(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 2.889(luated. When).25 F .389(+= is applied to an array v) -2.889 F .389(ariable using compound)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(8)190.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 9 9 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .186(assignment \(see)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)2.686 -E F0(belo)2.686 E .186(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.685(sv)-.55 G -.185(alue is not unset \(as it is when using =\), and ne)-2.935 F 2.685 -(wv)-.25 G .185(alues are)-2.935 F 1.384(appended to the array be)108 96 -R 1.384(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 3.885(sm)-.55 G -1.385(aximum inde)-3.885 F 3.885(x\()-.15 G 1.385(for inde)-3.885 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.885(da).15 G 1.385(rrays\) or)-3.885 F .123 -(added as additional k)108 108 R -.15(ey)-.1 G<ad76>.15 E .123 +-.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .36 +(for which the)108 208.8 R F1(inte)2.86 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) +2.86 E .36(ute has been set,)-.2 F F1(value)2.86 E F0 .361(is e)2.861 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .361(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .361 +(xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 220.8 S(riable').25 E +2.889(sc)-.55 G .389(urrent v)-2.889 F .389(alue, which is also e)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.25 G 2.889(luated. When).25 F .389 +(+= is applied to an array v)2.889 F .388(ariable using compound)-.25 F +.185(assignment \(see)108 232.8 R F3(Arrays)2.685 E F0(belo)2.685 E .185 +(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.685(sv)-.55 G .185 +(alue is not unset \(as it is when using =\), and ne)-2.935 F 2.686(wv) +-.25 G .186(alues are)-2.936 F 1.385(appended to the array be)108 244.8 +R 1.384(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 3.884(sm)-.55 G +1.384(aximum inde)-3.884 F 3.884(x\()-.15 G 1.384(for inde)-3.884 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.884(da).15 G 1.384(rrays\) or)-3.884 F .122 +(added as additional k)108 256.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G<ad76>.15 E .122 (alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F .423 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E -5.123(.W)-.65 G .122(hen applied to a string-v)-5.123 F .122(alued v) --.25 F(ariable,)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)2.622 E F0(is e)108 -120 Q(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G -(alue.)-2.75 E F1 -.2(Po)87 136.8 S(sitional P).2 E(arameters)-.1 E F0 -(A)108 148.8 Q F2 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter)-.15 E F0 .706(is \ -a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit \ -0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 -(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 160.8 R 2.944(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 172.8 Q F1 -(set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ - parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F -(The)5.834 E .334(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a\ - shell function is e)108 184.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .333(cuted \(see).15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.833 E F0(belo)2.583 E(w\).)-.25 E +5.123(.W)-.65 G .123(hen applied to a string-v)-5.123 F .123(alued v) +-.25 F(ariable,)-.25 E F1(value)2.623 E F0(is e)108 268.8 Q +(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G +(alue.)-2.75 E 3.383(Av)108 285.6 S .883(ariable can be assigned the) +-3.633 F F1(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.382 E .882 +(ute using the)-.2 F F3<ad6e>3.382 E F0 .882(option to the)3.382 F F3 +(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.382 E F3(local)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 +G .882(iltin com-).2 F .315(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 297.6 R +F3(declar)2.815 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.815 E F3(local)2.815 E F0(belo)2.815 +E .316(w\) to create a)-.25 F F1(namer)2.816 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.816(,o)C +2.816(rar)-2.816 G .316(eference to another v)-2.816 F(ari-)-.25 E 3.335 +(able. This)108 309.6 R(allo)3.335 E .835(ws v)-.25 F .835 +(ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 5.835(.W)-.65 G(hene) +-5.835 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.335(rt).15 G .835(he nameref v)-3.335 F .835 +(ariable is referenced or)-.25 F .021 +(assigned to, the operation is actually performed on the v)108 321.6 R +.021(ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.522 +(sv)-.55 G 2.522(alue. A)-2.772 F .819 +(nameref is commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 +333.6 R .818(ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E +.131(ment to the function.)108 345.6 R -.15(Fo)5.131 G 2.631(ri).15 G +.131(nstance, if a v)-2.631 F .132 +(ariable name is passed to a shell function as its \214rst ar)-.25 F +.132(gument, run-)-.18 F(ning)108 357.6 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +(declare -n ref=$1)144 375.6 Q F0 .303 +(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 393.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3 +-.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F0 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303(alue is the v)-.25 +F .302(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E 3.318 +(ment. References)108 405.6 R .818(and assignments to)3.318 F F3 -.18 +(re)3.318 G(f).18 E F0 .818 +(are treated as references and assignments to the v)3.318 F .818 +(ariable whose)-.25 F .275(name w)108 417.6 R .275(as passed as)-.1 F F3 +($1)2.775 E F0 5.275(.I)C 2.775(ft)-5.275 G .275(he control v)-2.775 F +.275(ariable in a)-.25 F F3 -.25(fo)2.775 G(r).25 E F0 .275 +(loop has the nameref attrib)2.775 F .274(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .274 +(ords can)-.1 F .354(be a list of shell v)108 429.6 R .354 +(ariables, and a name reference will be established for each w)-.25 F +.355(ord in the list, in turn, when)-.1 F .086(the loop is e)108 441.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.586(cuted. Array).15 F -.25(va)2.586 G .086 +(riables cannot be gi).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(nt).15 G(he)-2.586 E F3 +<ad6e>2.586 E F0(attrib)2.585 E 2.585(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G .885 -.4(r, n).15 H .085(ameref v).4 F .085(ariables can ref-) +-.25 F .883(erence array v)108 453.6 R .883 +(ariables and subscripted array v)-.25 F 3.383(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F +.883(can be unset using the)3.383 F F3<ad6e>3.383 E F0 .884 +(option to the)3.383 F F3(unset)108 465.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.558 G 2.558 +(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F(if)2.558 E F3(unset)2.558 E F0 .058(is e)2.558 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .058(cuted with the name of a nameref v).15 F .057 +(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .057(gument, the v)-.18 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able referenced by the nameref v)108 477.6 Q(ariable will be unset.) +-.25 E F3 -.2(Po)87 494.4 S(sitional P).2 E(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 +506.4 Q F1 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter)-.15 E F0 .706(is a param\ +eter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit 0.)3.935 +F(Posi-)5.706 E .445(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 +518.4 R 2.944(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the) +108 530.4 Q F3(set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F +.834(Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment state\ +ments.)5.833 F(The)5.834 E .334(positional parameters are temporarily r\ +eplaced when a shell function is e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .333 +(cuted \(see).15 F F2(FUNCTIONS)2.833 E F0(belo)2.583 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403(When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digi\ -t is e)108 201.6 R 1.404(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F -(braces \(see)108 213.6 Q F3(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(Special P)87 230.4 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675 -(The shell treats se)108 242.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.675 +t is e)108 559.2 R 1.404(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F +(braces \(see)108 571.2 Q F2(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E +(w\).)-.25 E F3(Special P)87 588 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675 +(The shell treats se)108 600 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.675 (ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.674 (hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F -(them is not allo)108 254.4 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 266.4 Q F0 .605 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .606 -(When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .084 -(ble quotes, it e)144 278.4 R .084(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .084 -(ord with the v)-.1 F .084 -(alue of each parameter separated by the \214rst char)-.25 F(-)-.2 E -.003(acter of the)144 290.4 R F3(IFS)2.503 E F0 .003(special v)2.253 F -2.503(ariable. That)-.25 F .003(is, ")2.503 F F1($*)A F0 2.503("i)C -2.503(se)-2.503 G(qui)-2.503 E -.25(va)-.25 G .003(lent to ").25 F F1 -($1)A F2(c)A F1($2)A F2(c)A F1(...)A F0 .003(", where)B F2(c)2.703 E F0 -.004(is the \214rst char)2.813 F(-)-.2 E .769(acter of the v)144 302.4 R -.769(alue of the)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.269 E F0 -.25(va)3.019 G 3.269 -(riable. If).25 F F3(IFS)3.268 E F0 .768 -(is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.)3.018 F(If)5.768 E F3 -(IFS)144 314.4 Q F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv) -2.25 E(ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 326.4 Q F0 .605 +(them is not allo)108 612 Q(wed.)-.25 E F3(*)108 624 Q F0 .223 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .224 +(When the e)5.224 F .224(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .663 +(quotes, each positional parameter e)144 636 R .662 +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.162(ord. In)-.1 F(conte)3.162 E .662 +(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.081(those w)144 648 R 1.081 +(ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.082(ord splitting and pathname e) +-.1 F 3.582(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.082(the e)3.582 F(xpansion)-.15 E +.915(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 660 R .914 +(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .914(ord with the v)-.1 F .914 +(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .89 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 672 R F2(IFS)3.39 E F0 .89 +(special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .891(is, ")3.391 F F3($*)A +F0 3.391("i)C 3.391(se)-3.391 G(qui)-3.391 E -.25(va)-.25 G .891 +(lent to ").25 F F3($1)A F1(c)A F3($2)A F1(c)A F3(...)A F0(",)A(where) +144 684 Q F1(c)3.533 E F0 .832(is the \214rst character of the v)3.643 F +.832(alue of the)-.25 F F2(IFS)3.332 E F0 -.25(va)3.082 G 3.332 +(riable. If).25 F F2(IFS)3.332 E F0 .832(is unset, the parameters are) +3.082 F(separated by spaces.)144 696 Q(If)5 E F2(IFS)2.5 E F0 +(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E +(ening separators.)-.15 E F3(@)108 708 Q F0 .605 (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)26.7 F .606 (When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .114 -(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 338.4 R .114(xpands to a separate w) --.15 F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F1($@)A F0 2.613("i)C -2.613(se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F1 -($1)A F0 2.613("")C F1($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E .134 -(If the double-quoted e)144 350.4 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 -F .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135 +(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 720 R .114(xpands to a separate w)-.15 +F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F3($@)A F0 2.613("i)C 2.613 +(se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F3($1)A F0 +2.613("")C F3($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 +Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(9)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 10 10 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .134(If the double-quoted e)144 84 R .134 +(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined)-.15 F .151(with the be)144 -362.4 R .151(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e) --.1 F .15(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337 -(the last part of the original w)144 374.4 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 -(there are no positional parameters, ")2.837 F F1($@)A F0 2.838("a)C(nd) --2.838 E F1($@)2.838 E F0 -.15(ex)2.838 G(pand).15 E -(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 386.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 398.4 Q F0 +96 R .151(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e)-.1 +F .15(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337 +(the last part of the original w)144 108 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 +(there are no positional parameters, ")2.837 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($@) +A F0 2.838("a)C(nd)-2.838 E F1($@)2.838 E F0 -.15(ex)2.838 G(pand).15 E +(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 120 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 132 Q F0 (Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)31 E F1(?) -108 410.4 Q F0(Expands to the e)31 E(xit status of the most recently e) +108 144 Q F0(Expands to the e)31 E(xit status of the most recently e) -.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1<ad>108 -422.4 Q F0 .882 +156 Q F0 .882 (Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)30.3 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G .881 (iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the)144 -434.4 Q F1<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F1($)108 446.4 Q F0 .214 +168 Q F1<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F1($)108 180 Q F0 .214 (Expands to the process ID of the shell.)31 F .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F -(shell, not the subshell.)144 458.4 Q F1(!)108 470.4 Q F0 -(Expands to the process ID of the most recently e)32.67 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F1(0)108 482.4 Q F0 -1.692(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)31 F 1.691 -(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F1(bash)4.191 E -F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 494.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F1($0)3.077 E F0 .578 -(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F1(bash)3.078 E -F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F1<ad63>3.078 E F0 .369 -(option, then)144 506.4 R F1($0)2.869 E F0 .369 -(is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E -(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214le name used to in)144 518.4 Q -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25 -(iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E -F1(_)108 530.4 Q F0 .054 -(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)31 F -.2(vo) --.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692(as passed in the en)144 542.4 R .692 +(shell, not the subshell.)144 192 Q F1(!)108 204 Q F0 .499(Expands to t\ +he process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, whet\ +her e)32.67 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E +(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 216 Q F1(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 +E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(0)108 228 Q F0 1.691 +(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)31 F 1.692 +(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F1(bash)4.192 E +F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 240 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F1($0)3.078 E F0 .578 +(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F1(bash)3.077 E +F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F1<ad63>3.077 E F0 .368 +(option, then)144 252 R F1($0)2.869 E F0 .369(is set to the \214rst ar) +2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369 +(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E(-)-.2 E +(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 264 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G F1(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H +2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F1(_)108 276 +Q F0 .055(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)31 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054(he shell or shell script being e).1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691(as passed in the en)144 288 R .691 (vironment or ar)-.4 F .691(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E -3.191(,e)-.65 G .691(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .691(gument to the) --.18 F(pre)144 554.4 Q .57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07 +3.191(,e)-.65 G .692(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the) +-.18 F(pre)144 300 Q .571(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.071 (xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F --.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e).2 H .571(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 566.4 -S 1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 +-.2(vo)-.4 G .77 -.1(ke e).2 H .57(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 312 S +1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 (xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F (parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 -578.4 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1(Shell V)87 595.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 -607.2 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 624 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214le name used to in)9.07 E +324 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1(Shell V)87 340.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 +352.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) +108 369.6 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)9.07 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A -F1 -.3(BA)108 636 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 648 S .049 -(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.548 F .049(Each w) +F1 -.3(BA)108 381.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.549(Ac)144 393.6 S .049 +(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w) 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad73>2.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 660 R -F1(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad73>2.548 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 405.6 +R F1(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.398(SHELL B)3.898 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.398(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 672 -R F3 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as)2.726 F -F2(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F1(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977(ft) --5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment) --.4 E(when)144 684 Q F1(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell opti\ -on in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G -.641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 696 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(9)190.955 E -0 Cg EP -%%Page: 10 10 +3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .477(appearing in)144 +417.6 R F2 -.27(BA)2.977 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .477(are those reported as) +2.727 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)3.207 E F0(by)3.217 E F1(shopt)2.977 +E F0 5.476(.I)C 2.976(ft)-5.476 G .476(his v)-2.976 F .476 +(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 429.6 Q F1(bash) +3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 +F(This v)144 441.6 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1 -.3(BA)108 +453.6 S(SHPID).3 E F0 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 +465.6 R F1(bash)2.688 E F0 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187 +(fers from)-.25 F F1($$)2.687 E F0 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F +(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 477.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 +E F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 489.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E +F0 1.195(An associati)144 501.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v) +.15 F 1.195(ariable whose members correspond to the internal list of al\ +iases as main-)-.25 F .025(tained by the)144 513.6 R F1(alias)2.524 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.524 G 2.524(iltin. Elements).2 F .024 +(added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array ele-) +2.524 F(ments cause aliases to be remo)144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 +(df).15 G(rom the alias list.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 537.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E +F0 .934(An array v)144 549.6 R .934(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 +(alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F +F1(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 561.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F +.535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\ +n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 573.6 S .141(cuted with).15 F F1(.) +2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F1(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa) +-2.641 G 2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 +(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.631(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 +585.6 R F2 -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.63 +(only when in)4.88 F -.15(ex)144 597.6 S(tended deb).15 E +(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E +F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E +(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 609.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 +621.6 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current) +-.25 F F1(bash)3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F +(The)5.98 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at th\ +e top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 633.6 R +1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 645.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) +6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 +(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.27(BA)144 +657.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets)6.697 F F2 -.27(BA) +4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F 2.197(xtended deb) +-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(description of the)144 669.6 Q +F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 681.6 S(SH_CMDS).3 E +F0 .667(An associati)144 693.6 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .667(rray v).15 F +.668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal hash table of com\ +mands)-.25 F .147(as maintained by the)144 705.6 R F1(hash)2.647 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F .146 +(added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting)2.646 F +(array elements cause commands to be remo)144 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 +(df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(10)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SHPID).3 E F0 .187 -(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 96 R F1(bash)2.687 E F0 -2.688(process. This)2.688 F(dif)2.688 E .188(fers from)-.25 F F1($$) -2.688 E F0 .188(under certain circum-)2.688 F -(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 108 Q F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 120 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 -1.195(An associati)144 132 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F -1.195(ariable whose members correspond to the internal list of aliases \ -as main-)-.25 F .024(tained by the)144 144 R F1(alias)2.524 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.524 G 2.524(iltin. Elements).2 F .024 -(added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array ele-) -2.524 F(ments cause aliases to be remo)144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df) -.15 G(rom the alias list.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 168 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 -.935(An array v)144 180 R .935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 -(alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 192 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 -(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or\ - script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 204 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0 -(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G -2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 -(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -216 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 228 S -(tended deb).15 E(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F1 -(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 240 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98 -(An array v)144 252 R .979 -(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) -3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.979 E -.275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the\ - stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 264 R 1.424 -(call is at the bottom.)144 276 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 -F F2 -.27(BA)144 288 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) -6.697 F F2 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F -2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F -(description of the)144 300 Q F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the) -2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)108 312 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 324 R .968 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H .668(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to\ - the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .146(as maintained by the) -144 336 R F1(hash)2.646 E F0 -.2(bu)2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F -.146(added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting)2.646 F -(array elements cause commands to be remo)144 348 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 -(df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 360 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E -F0 1.243(The command currently being e)144 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 -(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 +(The command currently being e)144 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 -384 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 -396 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 408 Q +108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 +120 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 132 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 420 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 -(An array v)144 432 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 444 R -F2(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) --3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 -(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 456 R F1 -(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 -E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 468 Q(ASH_LINENO[) --.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 +(An array v)144 156 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 168 +R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469 +(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E +(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .97 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 180 R F1 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 +E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G +17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F1(${B)144 192 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +-.3 E F3($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 -480 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 492 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005 -(An array v)144 504 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the) --.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 -E F0 .006(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 516 R .007 -(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 528 R(x)-.15 E -F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F -F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 -(sion. This)144 540 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 552 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 564 R .125(ar\ +204 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 216 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006 +(An array v)144 228 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the) +-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 +E F0 .005(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 240 R .007 +(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 +(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 252 R(x)-.15 E +F3(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F +F3(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 +(sion. This)144 264 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E +F1 -.3(BA)108 276 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 288 R .125(ar\ iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ -shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 576 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +shell function)-.25 F .781(names in the)144 300 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 -(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A -F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 588 Q F1(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 600 S -(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .402 -(Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell en)144 612 R .401 -(vironment is spa)-.4 F 2.901(wned. The)-.15 F .401(initial v)2.901 F -.401(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 624 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 636 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 -2.644(Ar)144 648 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.28 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 312 Q F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 324 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 +.296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 336 R +.296(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .297(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 348 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) +2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 360 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645 +(Ar)144 372 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 -(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 660 S +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 +(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 384 S (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)144 678 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E -(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 -(BA)144 690 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E -(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) -144 702 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)24.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 714 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A -F0(The b)24.74 E(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(10)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 11 11 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1 -(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)24.74 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 96 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1(])A -F0(The v)24.74 E(alue of)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE) --.495 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 108 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 -(Expands to a string describing the v)144 120 Q +(BA)144 402 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E +(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 +(BA)144 414 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E +(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F3(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) +144 426 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)24.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 438 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A +F0(The b)24.74 E(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 450 S +(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)24.74 E +F3(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 462 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 +(])A F0(The v)24.74 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 474 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 +(Expands to a string describing the v)144 486 Q (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -132 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 144 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E +498 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 510 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 156 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 522 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 168 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 180 Q F0(The k)144 192 Q .3 +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 534 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 546 Q F0(The k)144 558 Q .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 -H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 204 Q F0 1.208 -(The current command line.)144 216 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 +H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 570 Q F0 1.207 +(The current command line.)144 582 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.848(mands in)144 228 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F +2.849(mands in)144 594 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 240 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 252 Q F0 .667(The inde) -144 264 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167(ft)-3.167 G .666 -(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(belo)144 606 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 618 Q F0 .666(The inde) +144 630 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 +(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 (ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 -F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 +F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -276 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 288 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 -F(in)144 300 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +642 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 654 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 +F(in)144 666 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -312 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 324 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +678 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 690 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 336 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 -2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f) -C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t) --.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 348 Q F0 4.091(,f)C 1.591 -(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) --4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 +-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 702 R F3 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 +2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F3(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f) +C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H(abs,).15 E F3(!)144 714 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592 +(or listing alternati)-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) +-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F3(@)4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 -F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 360 R F2(%)4.053 E +F 1.591(ord is not)-.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 726 R F3(%)4.052 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 372 S 2.928 -(ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 -(yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -384 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 396 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 -1.336(The set of characters that the)144 408 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) -144 420 R F3(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G -(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 432 Q F1(COMP_W)108 444 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .654(An array v)144 456 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E -F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) --.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 468 R +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(11)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 12 12 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S 2.929(ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429(yt)-5.429 G 2.929 +(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929(acilities \(see)-.1 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 96 Q F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 108 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 1.335 +(The set of characters that the)144 120 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G(adline).18 +E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) +144 132 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G +(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 144 Q F1(COMP_W)108 156 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .653(An array v)144 168 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E +F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) +-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 180 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 -G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 -480 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 -(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) -144 492 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 504 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) -144 516 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E +G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F2 +(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 +192 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 +(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) +144 204 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 216 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) +144 228 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 528 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 540 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 552 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 240 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 252 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 264 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 564 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 -(members of this array v)144 576 R 1.432 +1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 276 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 +(members of this array v)144 288 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 588 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 300 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 600 R -5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 612 Q F1(EUID)108 624 -Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H +F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 312 R +5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F2(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 324 Q F1(EUID)108 336 +Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 -(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 636 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 648 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 660 R .479 +(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 348 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 360 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 372 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 -(The element with inde)144 672 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 -(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 -(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 684 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F5 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 -(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .034 -(tion is e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.534(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.535 E F3(FUNCN)2.535 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.285 E .335 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 +(The element with inde)144 384 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 +(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 396 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F3 +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 +(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .035 +(tion is e)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.535(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.535 E F2(FUNCN)2.535 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.285 E .335 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.535(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.535 G .035(ect and return an error status.).25 -F(If)5.035 E F3(FUNC-)2.535 E -.18(NA)144 708 S(ME).18 E F0 +F(If)5.034 E F2(FUNC-)2.534 E -.18(NA)144 420 S(ME).18 E F0 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E 3.176(This v)144 726 R 3.176(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 --.3(BA)5.675 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F0(and)5.675 E F1 -.3(BA)5.675 G -(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 8.175(.E)C 3.175(ach element of)-8.175 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(11)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 12 12 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)144 84 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 .11 -(has corresponding elements in)2.61 F F1 -.3(BA)2.61 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 -(and)2.61 E F1 -.3(BA)2.61 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .11(to describe)2.61 F -10.057(the call stack.)144 96 R -.15(Fo)15.057 G 12.557(ri).15 G -(nstance,)-12.557 E F1(${FUNCN)12.557 E(AME[)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)12.557 G 12.557(sc).1 G 10.057 -(alled from the \214le)-12.557 F F1(${B)144 108 Q(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2 -($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.091(at line number)3.591 F F1(${B)3.591 E -(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 6.091(.T)C(he)-6.091 E F1(caller) -3.591 E F0 -.2(bu)3.592 G 1.092(iltin displays).2 F -(the current call stack using this information.)144 120 Q F1(GR)108 132 -Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229(An array v)144 144 R 1.228(ariable containing the\ - list of groups of which the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A) --.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E .596(ments to)144 156 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GR) -3.096 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe).15 G +-2.5 E .11(This v)144 438 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3 +(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 +E F0 5.111(.E)C .111(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 +450 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA) +3.904 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E +F0 1.404(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 462 R -.15(Fo) +5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E +/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G +.012(alled from the \214le)-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4 +($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184(at line number)144 474 R F1(${B)3.684 E +(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller) +3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G 1.183 +(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F(this information.)144 +486 Q F1(GR)108 498 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228(An array v)144 510 R 1.228(ar\ +iable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a memb\ +er)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E .597(ments to)144 522 R F2(GR) +3.097 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.097 G .597(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.597 E -F3(GR)3.097 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F -(cial properties, e)144 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G -2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCMD)108 180 -Q F0 .356(The history number)144 192 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G -(nde)-2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 -(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 -(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +F2(GR)3.097 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F +(cial properties, e)144 534 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G +2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCMD)108 546 +Q F0 .355(The history number)144 558 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G +(nde)-2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F2 +(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 570 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 216 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 228 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 240 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ - describes the type of machine on which)144 252 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 -.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 264 R(def) -2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 276 Q F0 1.408(Each\ +(HOSTN)108 582 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 594 Q F1 +(HOSTTYPE)108 606 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 618 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 +.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 630 R(def) +2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 642 Q F0 1.408(Each\ time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ -ber representing the)144 288 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ -arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 300 R .079 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 312 R .307 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E -F3(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F -(special properties, e)144 324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 336 Q +ber representing the)144 654 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 666 R .078 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 678 R .306 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E +F2(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F +(special properties, e)144 690 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 702 Q (CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ -es the system type on which)144 348 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 360 Q F2 +es the system type on which)144 714 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 726 Q F4 (cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 372 Q F0 .294 -(An array v)144 384 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0 -(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 -(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 -(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 396 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 -(OLDPWD)108 408 Q F0(The pre)144 420 Q(vious w)-.25 E -(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 432 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 444 R 1.627 -(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 -(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 456 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 468 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 480 R 4.152 -(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F -1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 492 -S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 -504 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ -g system on which)144 516 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 528 Q(ault is system-dependent.) --.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 540 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 -552 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 -(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 -(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 564 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2) +141.79 E(12)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 13 13 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)108 84 Q F0 .293(An array v)144 96 +R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0(belo)2.793 E .293 +(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294(xt read by the)-.15 F F1 +(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 +108 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1(OLDPWD)108 120 Q F0(The pre)144 +132 Q(vious w)-.25 E(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 +(command.)2.5 E F1(OPT)108 144 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 156 R +1.627(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the) +-.18 F F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 +F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 168 S(IL).09 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 180 Q F0 +1.651(The inde)144 192 R 4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne) +-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F +F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu)4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 +(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 204 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 216 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a s\ +tring that describes the operating system on which)144 228 R F1(bash) +2.829 E F0 .329(is e)2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def) +144 240 Q(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 252 Q -.95(AT) +-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 264 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 +(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F +(the most-recently-e)144 276 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 -(PPID)108 576 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(PPID)108 288 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 588 Q F0(The current w)12.67 E +F1(PWD)108 300 Q F0(The current w)12.67 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 600 Q F0 .565 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 612 R .566 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 -(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 624 -R .01(alue to)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) -4.51 E F3(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(RANDOM)108 312 Q F0 .566 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 324 R .565 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 +(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 336 +R .01(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.51 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) +4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 348 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 648 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 660 R +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 360 Q F0 1.547(The contents of the)144 372 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) --.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F3 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 672 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(READLINE_POINT)108 684 Q F0 .314 -(The position of the insertion point in the)144 696 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G +-.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 384 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 396 Q F0 .313 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 408 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F5 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F3 -(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 708 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(12) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 13 13 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)108 84 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.)-.18 -E F1(SECONDS)108 108 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referenced, \ -the number of seconds since shell in)144 120 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 132 R .712 -(alue is assigned to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SECONDS)3.212 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .712(the v)2.962 F .712 -(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .407 -(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 144 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 156 Q -.15(ve) +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F2 +(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 420 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 432 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 +(Set to the line of input read by the)144 444 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) +-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 456 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ +ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 468 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 +(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 480 R .712 +(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F3(,)A F0 .712(the v) +2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 +F .408(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 492 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 504 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 168 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 180 S -.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 516 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 528 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 192 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F -F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 -(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E -3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 204 R F2 -(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F4 10 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 540 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F +F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.173 +(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E +3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 552 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 -5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 216 Q F1(bash) -3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 -F(This v)144 228 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 240 Q -(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 252 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 264 Q F0 +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02 +(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 564 Q F1(bash) +3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 +F(This v)144 576 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 588 Q +(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 600 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 612 Q F0 (Expands to the user ID of the current user)17.67 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 280.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 628.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 292.8 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 309.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 -(If this parameter is set when)144 321.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) -3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 333.6 R F4 -(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354 -(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected) -2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 345.6 R .525 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214le name.)144 357.6 Q -F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -(is not used to search for the resultant \214le name.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 369.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 381.6 -R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 -F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F -(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 393.6 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 640.8 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 657.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 +1.193(The v)144 669.6 R 1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F +3.693(sc)-.55 G 1.192(ompatibility le)-3.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.692 +(l. See).15 F 1.192(the description of the)3.692 F F1(shopt)3.692 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.692 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 681.6 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E +F1 .371(SHELL B)2.871 F(UIL)-.1 E .371(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 +(for a description of the v)2.872 F .372(arious compatibility le)-.25 F +(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 693.6 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F +-.25(va)2.861 G .361 +(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36 +(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.75 +(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.751 +(is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) +144 717.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 +(et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 +(ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) +4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 729.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) +-.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .249 +(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(13)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 14 14 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 1.12(sets the compatibility le)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt) +.15 G 3.619(ot)-3.62 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119 +(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.619(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.619 G +1.119(lid compatibility le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .575 +(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 96 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.076 G .576 +(iltin described belo).2 F 3.076(w\()-.25 G .576(for e)-3.076 F(xam-) +-.15 E(ple,)144 108 Q F1(compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v) +2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5(alues\). The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E +(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 120 +S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506(If this parameter is set when)144 132 R F1(bash) +3.006 E F0 .506(is e)3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505 +(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 144 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355 +(he v)-5.355 F .355(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.855 G +(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected)2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 156 R +.525(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 168 Q F3 +-.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +(is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) +108 180 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 192 R +.48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 +F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 204 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) 5.614 F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T) --.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F2 -.27(BA)144 -405.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne) -2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F2 -.27(BA)2.638 -G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the \ -empty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error) -144 417.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F2 -.27(BA) -144 429.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error\ - \214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F -(standard error being closed.)144 441.6 Q F1(CDP)108 453.6 Q -.95(AT) --.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 465.6 R F1(cd)3.747 -E F0 3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 -(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 -(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 477.6 R -F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 -(alue is)-.25 F F5(".:~:/usr")144 489.6 Q F0(.)A F1(COLUMNS)108 501.6 Q -F0 .828(Used by the)144 513.6 R F1(select)3.328 E F0 .829(compound comm\ -and to determine the terminal width when printing selection)3.328 F 2.5 -(lists. Automatically)144 525.6 R(set upon receipt of a)2.5 E F2 -(SIGWINCH)2.5 E F3(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 537.6 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .848 -(An array v)144 549.6 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E -F0 .848(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function) -3.348 F(in)144 561.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 -G(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acility \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(EMA)108 573.6 -Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 585.6 Q F1(bash)2.535 E F0 .035(\214nds this v) -2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F5(t)2.536 E -F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F -(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 597.6 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 609.6 Q F0(Similar to) -14.89 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F3(;)A F0 +-.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 +216 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 +F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G +(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ +mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 +228 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53(ote that setting)-7.53 F F3 -.27(BA)144 240 S +(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le des\ +criptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.99 F +(standard error being closed.)144 252 Q F1(CDP)108 264 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G +(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144 276 R F1(cd)3.748 E F0 +3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 +(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 +(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 288 R F1 +(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 +(alue is)-.25 F F4(".:~:/usr")144 300 Q F0(.)A F1(CHILD_MAX)108 312 Q F0 +.997(Set the number of e)144 324 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 F .997 +(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F 5.997(.B)-.55 G .997 +(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.497(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.497 E -.25(va)144 336 +S 1.077(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 +(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.078 +(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 348 Q +2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.)-.25 E +F1(COLUMNS)108 360 Q F0 .829(Used by the)144 372 R F1(select)3.329 E F0 +.828(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing sel\ +ection)3.329 F 4.506(lists. Automatically)144 384 R 2.006(set if the) +4.506 F F1(checkwinsize)4.506 E F0 2.007 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.506 F 2.307 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +2.007(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 396 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 408 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .848(An array v) +144 420 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 +(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F +(in)144 432 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G +.285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F1 +(Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785 +(w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 +444 Q F1(EMA)108 456 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 468 Q F1(bash)2.536 E F0 .036 +(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.535 E +F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F +(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 480 Q(uf)-.2 E +(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 492 Q F0(Similar to) +14.89 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F5(;)A F0 (used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 621.6 Q F0(The def)144 -633.6 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 645.6 Q F0 2.599(Ac)144 657.6 S .098 -(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 -(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F2 -(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 669.6 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 -(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F2(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 -(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 681.6 Q 2.5 -(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F5(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(FUNCNEST)108 693.6 Q F0 1.78(If set to a numeric v)144 705.6 R 1.78 +2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 504 Q F0(The def)144 516 Q +(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 +E F1(FIGNORE)108 528 Q F0 2.598(Ac)144 540 S .098 +(olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 +(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 +(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 552 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F .205 +(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 +(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 564 Q 2.5(As)5 +G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F4(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 +576 Q F0 1.78(If set to a numeric v)144 588 R 1.78 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 4.28(l. Function).15 F(in)144 717.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.28(l. Function).15 F(in)144 600 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lw) -.15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 -Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(13)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 14 14 +.15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 +612 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 624 S .618(olon-separated list of patterns de\214\ +ning the set of \214lenames to be ignored by pathname e)-3.118 F(xpan-) +-.15 E 3.131(sion. 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If).2 F .672(this v) +3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 444 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 528 Q -F1(HOME)108 540 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 552 R 1.27(ault ar) --.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 564 S(lue of this v).25 E -(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(HOSTFILE)108 576 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 588 R F4 +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 456 Q +F3(HOME)108 468 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 480 R 1.27(ault ar) +-.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F3(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 492 S(lue of this v).25 E +(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F3 +(HOSTFILE)108 504 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 516 R F4 (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 600 R .551 +.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 528 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 612 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 624 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) --2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 -.138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F .518 -(does not name a readable \214le,)144 636 R F1(bash)3.018 E F0 .518 -(attempts to read)3.018 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517 -(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 648 -Q(When)5 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) -2.25 E F1(IFS)108 660 Q F0(The)20.44 E F4 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 -(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556 -(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 -F -.1(wo)144 672 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 +1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 540 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F3(bash)144 552 Q F0 .138 +(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +-2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 +.138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138(alue, or)-.25 F .517 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 564 R F3(bash)3.017 E F0 .517 +(attempts to read)3.017 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 .518 +(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 576 +Q(When)5 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) +2.25 E F3(IFS)108 588 Q F0(The)20.44 E F4 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 +(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556 +(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 +F -.1(wo)144 600 S(rds with the).1 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E -(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 684 Q -F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 696 R .803 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) -144 708 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 +(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F3(IGNOREEOF)108 612 Q +F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 624 R .803 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F1(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) +144 636 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 -(on an input line before)144 720 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 +(on an input line before)144 648 R F3(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(14)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 15 15 +(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 660 Q(alue, the def) +-.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E +F1(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F3 +(INPUTRC)108 672 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 684 R F3 -.18(re) +3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F1(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 696 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F3(LANG)108 708 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)7.11 F +1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 +(gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E +(starting with)144 720 Q F3(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(15)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(no v)144 84 Q(alue, the def)-.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 -E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)2.5 E F0 -(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(INPUTRC)108 96 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 108 R F2 -.18(re) -3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c)-.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F1(READLINE)3.936 E F0 -(belo)144 120 Q(w\).)-.25 E F2(LANG)108 132 Q F0 1.24 -(Used to determine the locale cate)7.11 F 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739 -(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239(gory not speci\214cally selected with a v) --.15 F(ariable)-.25 E(starting with)144 144 Q F2(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(LC_ALL)108 156 Q F0 .973(This v)144 168 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G .973(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F1(LANG)3.473 E -F0 .973(and an)3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F2(LC_)3.473 E F0 --.25(va)3.473 G .974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 180 -Q(.)-.65 E F2(LC_COLLA)108 192 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 204 R .412 -(ariable determines the collation order used when sorting the results o\ -f pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 -216 R 1.464(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F -(within pathname e)144 228 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F2 -(LC_CTYPE)108 240 Q F0 1.936(This v)144 252 R 1.936 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_ALL)108 84 Q F0 .974(This v)144 96 R +.974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974(rrides the v).15 F .973 +(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an)3.223 F +3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G .973 +(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 108 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 120 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 132 R .412(ariable det\ +ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 144 R 1.465 +(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 +156 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 168 Q F0 +1.935(This v)144 180 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 264 Q -(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F2(LC_MESSA)108 276 Q(GES)-.55 E -F0(This v)144 288 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ -ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F2($)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(LC_NUMERIC) -108 300 Q F0(This v)144 312 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F2(LINES)108 324 Q F0 .054 -(Used by the)5.99 F F2(select)2.554 E F0 .054(compound command to deter\ -mine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.554 F -(Automatically set upon receipt of a)144 336 Q F1(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(MAIL)108 348 Q F0 1.201 +1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 192 Q +(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 204 Q(GES)-.55 E +F0(This v)144 216 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ +ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) +108 228 Q F0(This v)144 240 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 252 Q F0 .055 +(Used by the)5.99 F F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command to deter\ +mine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 +(Automatically set if the)144 264 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 +(hell upon receipt of a).15 F F2(SIGWINCH)144 276 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 288 Q F0 1.201 (If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)8.78 F -F1(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 -(riable is not set,).25 F F2(bash)3.701 E F0 -(informs the user of the arri)144 360 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 +F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 +(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 +(informs the user of the arri)144 300 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F2(MAILCHECK)108 372 Q F0 .098 -(Speci\214es ho)144 384 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.598 F F2(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 312 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 324 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +-2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) 5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 396 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066 -(or set to a v)144 408 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\ - equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 F F2(MAILP)108 -420 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.815(Ac)144 432 S .314 -(olon-separated list of \214le names to be check)-2.815 F .314 -(ed for mail.)-.1 F .314(The message to be printed when mail)5.314 F -(arri)144 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(artic\ -ular \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214le name from the m\ -essage with a)-3.42 F 2.808(`?'. When)144 456 R .308(used in the te) -2.808 F .308(xt of the message,)-.15 F F2($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G -.308(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.307 E -(ple:)144 468 Q F2(MAILP)144 480 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A -(ar/mail/bfox?"Y)-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F2(Bash)144 492 Q F0 .388 -(supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F -.388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389 +mpt.)144 336 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066 +(or set to a v)144 348 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\ + equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 F F1(MAILP)108 +360 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 372 S .49 +(olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49 +(ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri) +144 384 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ +\214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\ + with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 396 Q(xt of the message,) +-.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 +(MAILP)144 408 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) +-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 420 Q F0 .389 +(supplies a def)2.889 F .389(ault v)-.1 F .389(alue for this v)-.25 F +.389(ariable, b)-.25 F .388 (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F -(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 504 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F2($USER)A F0 -(\).)A F2(OPTERR)108 516 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 528 R .39(alue 1,) --.25 F F2(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the) -2.889 F F2(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 -F F1 .359(SHELL B)144 540 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 552 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) -.15 E F2 -.74(PA)108 564 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 -(The search path for commands.)9.91 F .587 +(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 432 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 +(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 444 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 456 R .389 +(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 +(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 468 R(UIL) +-.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR) +5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 480 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 492 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 +(The search path for commands.)9.91 F .588 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 576 R F1 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 588 S -.536(lue of).25 F F1 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 600 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 612 R F2(bash)28.829 E F0 -31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F/F5 10 -/Courier@0 SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 624 -Q F0(.)A F2(POSIXL)108 636 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 648 -R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F2(bash) -2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F F3 .472(posix mode) -2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 -(the startup \214les, as if the)144 660 R F2(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 +5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 504 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 516 S +.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 528 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +-.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 540 R F1(bash)28.828 E F0 +31.329(.A)C 26.329(common v)-2.5 F 26.329(alue is)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 +SF(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 552 +Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 564 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 576 +R .472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash) +2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.471(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011 +(the startup \214les, as if the)144 588 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 -(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 672 Q F2(bash)2.5 -E F0(enables)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F5(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(PR)108 684 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 -(If set, the v)144 696 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(15)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 16 16 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)108 84 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 -.676(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 96 R .676 +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 600 Q F1(bash)2.5 +E F0(enables)2.5 E F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) +-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F4(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 612 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 624 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR) +108 636 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 +(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 648 R .676 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 -(nents to retain when e)144 108 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 +(nents to retain when e)144 660 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -3.423 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E -(w\).)-.25 E(Characters remo)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 132 Q F0 .064(The v) +3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E +(Characters remo)144 672 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 684 Q F0 .065(The v) 19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 144 R +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 696 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 156 Q F0 .118(The v)19.33 F .118 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) -5.117 E(def)144 168 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 180 Q F0 1.115(The v)19.33 F 1.115 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 708 Q F0 .117(The v)19.33 F .117 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) +5.118 E(def)144 720 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(16)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 17 17 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS3)108 84 Q F0 1.116(The v)19.33 F 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) -144 192 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 204 Q F0 -.101(The v)19.33 F .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 216 Q F0 .291 -(displays during an e)2.791 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F -.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .292 -(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 228 Q 2.5(,t) +3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.115 +(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR)144 96 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E +F1(PS4)108 108 Q F0 .1(The v)19.33 F .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 +F .1(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 120 Q F0 .292 +(displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F +.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291 +(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 132 Q 2.5(,t) -.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 240 Q F0 .664 -(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 252 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F -.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663 -(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 264 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 144 Q F0 .663 +(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 156 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F +.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664 +(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 168 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 276 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 -288 R .826 +G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 180 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 +192 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 300 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 -(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 312 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 324 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 342 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 354 Q/F3 10 +3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 204 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 +(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 +(an escape sequence that is e)144 216 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F +(and their meanings are as follo)144 228 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 246 Q F0 2.5 +(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 258 Q/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 -E F1(%[)144 366 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 378 Q +E F1(%[)144 270 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 282 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.) -13.34 E F1(%P)144 390 Q F0 +13.34 E F1(%P)144 294 Q F0 (The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87 -(The optional)144 406.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +(The optional)144 310.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) -144 418.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 430.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3 -(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 442.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 459.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) +144 322.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 334.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 +(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E +F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 346.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 363.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 471.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E .001 -(If this v)144 488.4 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.501 E -F0 .001(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.5 E -(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .494(If the v)144 -500.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F -2.994(At)5.494 G .494(railing ne)-2.994 F .494 -(wline is added when the for)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(mat string is displayed.)144 -512.4 Q F1(TMOUT)108 524.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 536.4 R .941 -(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941 -(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18 -(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 548.4 Q F1 -(select)2.81 E F0 .31(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F -.611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311 -(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 560.4 -R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v) -.15 F .885(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1 -(wa)144 572.4 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F -F1(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546 -(aiting for that number of)-.1 F(seconds if input does not arri)144 -584.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 596.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 -608.4 R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 620.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55 -G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 632.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 644.4 -R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 656.4 R +F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 375.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 +(If this v)144 392.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +144 404.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 +(.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 +(alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 +416.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E +(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108 +428.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 440.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) +-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 +(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 452.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F +.885(ing from a terminal.)144 464.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 +(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 476.4 +S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 +(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 +F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 488.4 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 500.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 512.4 +R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 524.4 Q 2.5(su) +-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 536.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 +548.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 +(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 560.4 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 668.4 S .366(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F -1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -680.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 692.4 Q 1.132 + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 572.4 S .367(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F +1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +584.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 596.4 Q 1.133 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 -(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 704.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) --.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 716.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 728.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E -F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 +(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 608.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) +-.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 620.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 632.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E +F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(16)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 17 17 +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 644.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 656.4 Q(.)-.55 +E F1(histchars)108 668.4 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 680.4 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G +4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F +2.07(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E +(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 692.4 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E +3.716(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215 +(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G +1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) +144 704.4 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B +.798(second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 716.4 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G +.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 728.4 R .575(The def) +5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 +(optional third character is the)3.076 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(17)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .315(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 84 R 2.816(sn)-.55 -G .316(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the) --.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)2.816 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A -F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 96 Q(.)-.55 E F1(histchars)108 108 Q F0 -2.07(The tw)144 120 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07 -(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07(xpansion and tok) --.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.569 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 132 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G -1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 144 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 -(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 156 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 168 R .575(The def)5.575 -F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 -(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ - that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 180 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 192 R 1.294 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 204 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F -.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 216 Q F1(Arrays)87 232.8 Q(Bash) -108 244.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) --.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 -(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 256.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.329(an array)108 268.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 -(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.386(enced using inte)108 280.8 R -1.386(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.887(xpressions\) and)-.15 F -1.387(are zero-based; associati)3.887 F 1.687 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.387 -(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 292.8 -Q 2.463(An inde)108 309.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463 +-.35 E .223(character which indicates that the remainder of the line is\ + a comment when found as the \214rst char)144 84 R(-)-.2 E 1.293 +(acter of a w)144 96 R 1.293(ord, normally `)-.1 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 +(skipped for the remaining w)144 108 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 +(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 120 Q F1(Arrays)87 136.8 Q(Bash) +108 148.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 +(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 160.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.328(an array)108 172.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 +(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.387(enced using inte)108 184.8 R +1.387(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.887(xpressions\) and)-.15 F +1.387(are zero-based; associati)3.887 F 1.686 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.386 +(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E .219(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 +196.8 R .219(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5.219 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.719 +(da).15 G .219(rray indices must be non-ne)-2.719 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +.05 E .52 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 +213.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463 (rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462 -(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A -F2(sub-)A(script)108 321.6 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 5.426(.T)C(he)-5.426 -E F2(subscript)3.266 E F0 .426(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.606 F -.426(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .427(luate to a number) -.25 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sub-)3.267 E(script)108 333.6 Q F0 --.25(eva)3.913 G .733 -(luates to a number less than zero, it is used as an of).25 F .733 -(fset from one greater than the array')-.25 F 3.233(sm)-.55 G(axi-) --3.233 E 1.104(mum inde)108 345.6 R 3.604(x\()-.15 G 1.105 -(so a subcript of -1 refers to the last element of the array\).)-3.604 F -2.705 -.8(To e)6.105 H 1.105(xplicitly declare an inde).65 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(d).15 E(array)108 357.6 Q 3.828(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.828 E F1(declar) -3.828 E 3.828<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0(\(see)3.828 E F3 -1.327(SHELL B)3.827 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.327(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.577 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)6.327 E 3.827<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.827 E F2 -(name)3.827 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is)3.827 E -(also accepted; the)108 369.6 Q F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E -(Associati)108 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E +(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(name)4.962 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 225.6 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A +F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F2(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 +E -.15(ex)108 237.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E +4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 249.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 +G(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0 +(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E +(Associati)108 266.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 -403.2 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 +283.2 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 (ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F -(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 415.2 Q +(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 295.2 Q (.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 432 R +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 312 R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 (... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F2(value)108 444 Q F0 .122(is of the form [)2.622 F F2 -(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 5.122(.I)C(nde)-5.122 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.622(da).15 G .122(rray assignments do not require the brack)-2.622 F -.122(et and subscript.)-.1 F .164(When assigning to inde)108 456 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163(rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F -.163(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G -2.663(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 468 R -3.91(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.911 F(Inde)108 480 Q -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 496.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) --2.5 E .24(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 513.6 R F1(declar) -2.74 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +-4.147 F F2(value)108 324 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F2 +(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +(When assigning to inde)108 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 +(rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 +(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 348 R 3.91 +(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) +-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) +-3.911 F(Inde)108 360 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E +(When assigning to an associati)108 376.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 393.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 -525.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 -(syntax introduced abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 542.4 Q 3.575 -(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F -F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 554.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 +405.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) +4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 417.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +(of)108 429.6 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 +-.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 +(ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 +(nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 +G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 441.6 Q(An)108 458.4 Q +3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.576 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 +(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 +(con\215icts with pathname e)108 470.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 566.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 578.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B -.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 +(These subscripts dif)108 482.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 494.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B +.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 590.4 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 +1.375(of the)108 506.4 R F3(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 (ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 -602.4 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 -(within a w)108 614.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 +(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) +3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 +518.4 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F +2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759 +(within a w)108 530.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 -626.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 638.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 +542.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 +F .228(to the e)108 554.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 -(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 650.4 +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 +(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 566.4 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .462(ments in the array)108 662.4 -R 5.462(.R)-.65 G .462(eferencing an array v)-5.462 F .463 -(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .463 -(lent to referencing the array).25 F(with a subscript of 0.)108 674.4 Q -.168(An array v)108 691.2 R .168 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .463(ments in the array)108 578.4 +R 5.463(.R)-.65 G .463(eferencing an array v)-5.463 F .462 +(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .462 +(lent to referencing the array).25 F .233(with a subscript of 0.)108 +590.4 R .233(If the)5.233 F F2(subscript)3.073 E F0 .233 +(used to reference an element of an inde)3.413 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.733 +(da).15 G .233(rray e)-2.733 F -.25(va)-.25 G .233(luates to a num-).25 +F .617(ber less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 602.4 R .917 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.117(oo).15 G .616(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.117 F 3.116(xo)-.15 G 3.116(ft)-3.116 G .616(he array)-3.116 F 3.116 +(,s)-.65 G 3.116(on)-3.116 G -.15(eg)-3.116 G(-).15 E(ati)108 614.4 Q .3 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H(ndices count back from the end of the array).15 E 2.5 +(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G +(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .168(An array v)108 631.2 R .168 (ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 F 2.668(alue. The)-.25 F .168(null string is a v)2.668 F .168(alid v)-.25 -F(alue.)-.25 E(The)108 708 Q F1(unset)2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267 -(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset) -5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 -E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E -(script)108 720 Q F0 6.205(.C)C 1.205(are must be tak)-6.205 F 1.205 -(en to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.205(id unw).2 F 1.205(anted side ef)-.1 F -1.204(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(unset)6.204 -E F2(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 -E(17)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 18 18 +F(alue.)-.25 E .418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 648 R -.15(ey)-.1 +G 2.918(s\().15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F +2.917(alues. ${)-.25 F F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${) +B F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 660 S .749 +(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name) +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 +(he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 672 +Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 +(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 688.8 Q F1(unset)2.767 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G +(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A +F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) +-.15 E F2(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 700.8 Q F0 6.318(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) +-6.318 H(ti).15 E 1.618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.318(ubscripts to inde).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.818(da).15 G 1.319 +(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.818 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.319 +(.C).15 G 1.319(are must be tak)-6.319 F 1.319(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 +712.8 S .298(id unw).2 F .298(anted side ef)-.1 F .298 +(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(unset)5.298 E F2 +(name)2.797 E F0 2.797(,w)C(here)-2.797 E F2(name)2.797 E F0 .297 +(is an array)2.797 F 2.797(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.797 E F1(unset)2.797 E F2 +(name)108 724.8 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E +F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(18)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(where)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0(is an array) -2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.5 E F1(name) -2.5 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E -F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 100.8 Q F2(declar) -3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F2 --.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073 -(iltins each accept a).2 F F2<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 -(rray and a)-3.574 F F2<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339 -(option to specify an associati)108 112.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) -.15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) --2.838 F F2<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 -(accepts a)108 124.8 R F2<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 +-.35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A +F1(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F1 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 +E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F1<ad61>3.573 E F0 +1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G +1.074(rray and a)-3.574 F F1<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339 +(option to specify an associati)108 96 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) +-2.838 F F1<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) +5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 +(accepts a)108 108 R F1<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 136.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E -(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 153.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 165.6 R 3.26 +-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 120 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 136.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ +rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 148.8 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 177.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 -(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) -2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 -(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 189.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) -2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .471(The order of e)108 206.4 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471 -(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G -.47(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E -(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 218.4 Q -(ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 235.2 Q -(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.5 E -(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 252 R 1.486 -(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 160.8 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 +E F3 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(par)2.869 E .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .37 +(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 172.8 Q F0(,).24 E F3(arithmetic e) +2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F3(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 +E .419(The order of e)108 189.6 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 +(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 201.6 S +.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion.)108 213.6 Q .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 230.4 R +.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F3(pr)2.757 E .257 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 242.4 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +(ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) +-.15 E 1.486(Only brace e)108 259.2 R 1.486(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486 +(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 (xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 264 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F +(ex)108 271.2 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 (ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 276 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") --2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 283.2 S(pansions of ").15 E F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") +-2.5 E F1(${)A F3(name)A F1([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2 -(Brace Expansion)87 292.8 Q F1(Br)108.58 304.8 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F -(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1 +(Brace Expansion)87 300 Q F3(Br)108.58 312 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion) +-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 316.8 Q F1 .415 -(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 324 Q F3 .415(pathname e) +2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 328.8 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 336 R F3(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 340.8 R -.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G -.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 -(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 352.8 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 364.8 Q .719(Brace e)108 381.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 -F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 348 R .563 +(wed by an optional)-.25 F F3(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563 +(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\ +ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \ +resulting string, e)108 360 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 +372 Q .719(Brace e)108 388.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 +(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 393.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) -108 410.4 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 -(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.242 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A -F2(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F1(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F1(y) +108 400.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) +108 417.6 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 +(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F3(x)A F1(..)A F3(y)A F1([..)A F3(incr)A +F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F3(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F3(y) 3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 422.4 Q F1(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G +-.15 F(and)108 429.6 Q F3(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 (xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 -434.4 R F1(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F1(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +441.6 R F3(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F3(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) -2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .078 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .078 (to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 -(same width.)108 446.4 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or) -2.515 E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +(same width.)108 453.6 R .015(When either)5.015 F F3(x)2.515 E F0(or) +2.515 E F3(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 458.4 R +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 465.6 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 470.4 S .542(pands to each character le) -.15 F .542(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1 -(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G -.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.041 E F1(y)3.041 E F0 -.541(must be of)3.041 F .182(the same type.)108 482.4 R .182 -(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.182 F .183 -(ference between each term.)-.25 F .183(The def)5.183 F(ault)-.1 E -(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 494.4 Q .582(Brace e)108 511.2 +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 477.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le) +.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F3(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E +F3(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 +(that both)108 489.6 R F3(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F3(y)3.483 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 +(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) +-.25 E(between each term.)108 501.6 Q(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 518.4 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 (ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 (haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 523.2 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 +(are preserv)108 530.4 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 (does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 535.2 Q +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 542.4 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 552 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(\ -xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\ - one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 564 R 3.441(alid sequence e) --.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 559.2 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 +(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ +t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 571.2 R 3.441 +(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 (ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 576 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 .255 -(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 +(unchanged. A)108 583.2 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 +.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 (nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 -(sion. T)108 588 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 +(sion. T)108 595.2 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F2(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 600 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used as\ - shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 616.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 628.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H -(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 645.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25 -G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 657.6 Q(cho)144 669.6 Q +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 607.2 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ +as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) +108 624 R(longer than in the abo)108 636 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:) +.15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 652.8 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G +(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 664.8 Q(cho)144 676.8 Q (wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) --.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 686.4 R .618 +-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 693.6 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 (does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 698.4 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 705.6 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 710.4 Q -.15 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 717.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 -(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 722.4 Q F0 .515 +(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F3(\214le{1,2})108 729.6 Q F0 .515 (appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) -3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(18)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 19 19 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F3 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) +3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.3)72 +768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(19)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup @@ -2452,9 +2638,9 @@ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E -.281(these cases, tilde e)108 307.2 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.282 E 2.782(,o)-.65 G .282 -(ne may use \214le names with tildes in assign-)-2.782 F(ments to)108 +.467(these cases, tilde e)108 307.2 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 +(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 319.2 Q F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F2(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E @@ -2479,51 +2665,55 @@ Q 1.189 1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 (parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 465.6 R F3(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 477.6 Q .685 -(If the \214rst character of)108 494.4 R F3(par)3.185 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.685(is an e)3.185 F .685(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .685 -(\), a le)B -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.186(lo).15 G 3.186(fv)-3.186 G .686 -(ariable indirection is introduced.)-3.436 F F1(Bash)108 506.4 Q F0 .106 -(uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 477.6 R(The)7.677 E F3(par) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 489.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) +C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 +(\).)A .816(If the \214rst character of)108 506.4 R F3(par)3.316 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .816(is an e)3.316 F .816(xclamation point \()-.15 F +F1(!)A F0 .816(\), it introduces a le)B -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.316(lo).15 G +3.315(fv)-3.316 G .815(ariable indirection.)-3.565 F F1(Bash)108 518.4 Q +F0 .106(uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 (ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F3(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(as the name of the v)2.606 F .106(ariable; this v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 -E .351(able is then e)108 518.4 R .351(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .352 +E .352(able is then e)108 530.4 R .352(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .351 (alue is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the v)-.25 F -.352(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)2.852 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 530.4 Q F0 2.52 -(itself. This)2.52 F .02(is kno)2.52 F .02(wn as)-.25 F F3(indir)2.52 E -.02(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 F .019 -(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .019(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A -F3(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.519(}a)C(nd)-2.519 E(${)108 542.4 Q F1 -(!)A F3(name)A F0([)A F3(@)A F0 .762(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65 +.351(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)2.851 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 542.4 Q F0 2.519 +(itself. This)2.519 F .019(is kno)2.519 F .019(wn as)-.25 F F3(indir) +2.519 E .019(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 +F .02(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .02(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1 +(!)A F3(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.52(}a)C(nd)-2.52 E(${)108 554.4 Q +F1(!)A F3(name)A F0([)A F3(@)A F0 .763(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65 (w. T)-.25 H .763(he e).65 F .763 (xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G .763 -(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 554.4 Q -.334(In each of the cases belo)108 571.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F3(wor)3.484 E +(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 566.4 Q +.334(In each of the cases belo)108 583.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F3(wor)3.484 E (d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 583.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .697 -(When not performing substring e)108 600 R .698 -(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F -.65(w,)-.25 G F1 -(bash)3.848 E F0 .698(tests for a parameter)3.198 F -(that is unset or null.)108 612 Q(Omitting the colon results in a test \ -only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${)108 628.8 Q F3(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1<3aad>A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 -640.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F3(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F F3 -(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-) --.2 E(wise, the v)144 652.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 664.8 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A -F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004(Assign Default V)144 676.8 R(alues) --.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F3(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 -(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)4.845 E -(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to)5.275 F F3(par)144 688.8 Q(ameter)-.15 -E F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)4.029 -E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 +F(and arithmetic e)108 595.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 +(When not performing substring e)108 612 R 1.089 +(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G +(e.g.,)-3.589 E F1(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 +(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 624 Q(Omittin\ +g the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(${)108 640.8 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A F1 .722(Use Default V)144 652.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 +E F3(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F +.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) +3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 664.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 676.8 Q F3 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.005 +(Assign Default V)144 688.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F3 +(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F +2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 +(is assigned to)5.274 F F3(par)144 700.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 +G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 700.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(19)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 20 20 +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 712.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(20)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup @@ -2533,9 +2723,9 @@ BP 96 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par) 4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535 (xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F -.662(sage to that ef)144 108 R .662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 -E F0 .661(is not present\) is written to the standard error and the she\ -ll, if it is not)3.932 F(interacti)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G +.661(sage to that ef)144 108 R .661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 +E F0 .662(is not present\) is written to the standard error and the she\ +ll, if it is not)3.931 F(interacti)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,)-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E (ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 132 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(:+)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 144 R .745 @@ -2545,3454 +2735,3603 @@ ll, if it is not)3.932 F(interacti)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G (xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 156 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 (is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 168 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 180 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .797(Substring Expansion) -144 192 R F0 5.797(.E)C .796(xpands to up to)-5.797 F F1(length)3.296 E -F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F1(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .796 -(starting at the character)3.296 F .228(speci\214ed by)144 204 R F1(of) -2.728 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.228(.I)C(f)-5.228 E F1(length)2.728 E F0 .229 -(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of)-.15 F F1(par) -2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .229(starting at the char)2.729 F(-)-.2 E .433 -(acter speci\214ed by)144 216 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1 -(length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .433 -(are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF .432(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 228 S(ION).855 -E F0(belo)2.925 E 3.175(w\). If)-.25 F F1(of)3.175 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25 -(eva)3.175 G .676(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .676 -(alue is used as an of)-.25 F .676(fset from)-.25 F .103 -(the end of the v)144 240 R .103(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.603 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 5.103(.I)C(f)-5.103 E F1(length)2.603 E F0 -.25(eva)2.603 G -.103(luates to a number less than zero, and).25 F F1(par)2.602 E(ameter) --.15 E F0(is)2.602 E(not)144 252 Q F2(@)3.642 E F0 1.142 -(and not an inde)3.642 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.642(do).15 G 3.642(ra)-3.642 G -(ssociati)-3.642 E 1.443 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 3.643(,i)-.65 G -3.643(ti)-3.643 G 3.643(si)-3.643 G 1.143(nterpreted as an of)-3.643 F -1.143(fset from the end of the)-.25 F -.25(va)144 264 S .038(lue of).25 -F F1(par)2.538 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .037 -(rather than a number of characters, and the e)2.538 F .037 -(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F .073(the tw)144 276 R 2.573 -(oo)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.573 G 2.573(sets. If).25 F F1(par)2.573 E(ameter) --.15 E F0(is)2.574 E F2(@)2.574 E F0 2.574(,t)C .074(he result is)-2.574 -F F1(length)2.574 E F0 .074(positional parameters be)2.574 F .074 -(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)2.574 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.074(.I)C(f)-5.074 E F1 -(par)144 288 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .205(is an inde)2.705 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.705(da).15 G .205(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) --2.705 F F1(length)2.705 E F0 .205(members of the)2.705 F .696(array be) -144 300 R .697(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.197(]}. A)B(ne)3.197 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E --.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.347 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .697(is tak)3.197 F .697 -(en relati)-.1 F .997 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.197(oo).15 G .697 -(ne greater than)-3.197 F 1.404(the maximum inde)144 312 R 3.903(xo)-.15 -G 3.903(ft)-3.903 G 1.403(he speci\214ed array)-3.903 F 6.403(.S)-.65 G -1.403(ubstring e)-6.403 F 1.403(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 F -1.703 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 1.294(produces unde\214ned results.) -144 324 R 1.294(Note that a ne)6.294 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.595 --.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G 1.295 -(set must be separated from the colon by at).25 F .959 -(least one space to a)144 336 R -.2(vo)-.2 G .959 -(id being confused with the :- e).2 F 3.458(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F -(inde)3.458 E .958(xing is zero-based)-.15 F .414 -(unless the positional parameters are used, in which case the inde)144 -348 R .415(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.915(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of) -2.915 E(f-)-.18 E(set)144 360 Q F0 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.5 E F2($0)2.5 E F0 -(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${)108 376.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A -(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 388.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E -F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 400.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 -5.085(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) +144 192 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E +F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 +(character speci\214ed by)144 204 R F1(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 +(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E +F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F2(*) +3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 216 Q +1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 +(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 +(substring of the v)144 228 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F F1(of) +2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the)-.15 F +.846(end of the v)144 240 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 +E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .847 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV)3.347 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 252 Q(w\).)-.25 E +(If)144 276 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 +(alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F +.045(end of the v)144 288 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G +.046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F +(of)144 300 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 312 R +.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 324 Q -.2(vo) +-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 348 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 E +F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 E +F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) +2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 360 R .095 +(en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 +(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 +G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) +.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .096(luates to).25 F 1.322 +(the last positional parameter)144 372 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti)-6.322 +G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if)-3.972 F +F1(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 +(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 384 Q(If)144 408 Q F1(par) +3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 +(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 +F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 +420 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A +(fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081 +(en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater) +-3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 432 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft) +-3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) +-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 +F F1(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F +(number less than zero.)144 444 Q(Substring e)144 468 Q +(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931(Substring inde)144 492 R +1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in \ +which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 504 Q .306(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F +2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F2($0)2.807 E F0 +.307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 516 Q(${)108 532.8 Q +F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 544.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A +(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 556.8 R +(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084 (ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E (e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 412.8 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 568.8 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258 (is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F -(within double quotes, each v)144 424.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 441.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) -A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 453.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 -(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 465.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f) +(within double quotes, each v)144 580.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 597.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) +A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 609.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 +(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 621.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f) -7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036 (ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .595(assigned in)144 477.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .595(assigned in)144 633.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 489.6 Q F0 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 645.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -506.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 518.4 S .471 +662.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 674.4 S .471 (rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 (he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) 2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par) -4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 530.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) +4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 686.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) 3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F -(array name subscripted by)144 542.4 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E -F0 2.5(,t)C(he v)-2.5 E -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 559.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -(${)108 571.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2(Remo)144 583.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196 +6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 +(array name subscripted by)144 698.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) +2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F1(par)145.25 710.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 +(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 722.4 R 1.273 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(21)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 22 22 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(from the end of the array)144 84 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 +E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G +(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A(${)108 112.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F2(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196 (e\214x patter)-.18 F(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E (d)-.37 E F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .151(name e)144 -595.2 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .152(name e)144 +136.8 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4 -(the e)144 607.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4 +(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4 +(the e)144 148.8 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4 (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4 (with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 --.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 619.2 +-.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 160.8 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If) 5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E F0(or) -2.781 E F2(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo)144 -631.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 +2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo)144 +172.8 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 643.2 R -(If)5.401 E F1(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.631 F +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 184.8 R +(If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) -2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 E -(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 655.2 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 672 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 684 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 696 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H -.147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1 -(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 708 -S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 +2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 +(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E +(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 196.8 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 213.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 225.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 237.6 Q .346 -.1 +(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.146(.T)C(he) +-5.146 E F1(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 +249.6 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) -.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 -G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 720 R .226 +G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 261.6 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(20)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 21 21 +(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 273.6 S F2 +(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 +(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 +1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 +2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 285.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 +(lo).25 G .441 +(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) +-2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 297.6 R(If) +5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E +F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G +(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E +(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 +309.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 326.4 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa) +144 338.4 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C +(he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion.)144 350.4 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 +(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 362.4 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 +E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 +2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 +(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 +(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 374.4 R +(If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) +3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 +F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 386.4 S .62 +(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1 +(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.12 E F0 3.12 +(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 398.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) +3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) +3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be) +3.753 F 2.678(omitted. If)144 410.4 R F1(par)3.928 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)3.408 E F2(@)2.678 E F0(or)2.678 E F2(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .179 +(he substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter) +-2.679 F .619(in turn, and the e)144 422.4 R .619 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.619 E F1(par)4.369 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .618(is an array v)3.849 F .618 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)144 434.4 Q F0(or)3.223 E F2(*) +3.223 E F0 3.223(,t)C .723(he substitution operation is applied to each\ + member of the array in turn, and the e)-3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion is the resultant list.)144 446.4 Q(${)108 463.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 475.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 487.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A +F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 499.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation)144 511.2 R F0 5.438(.T)C +.438(his e)-5.438 F .437 +(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 523.2 Q +F0 1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 535.2 +S 1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 +(,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 +547.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 +(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F +5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F +-.15(ve)144 559.2 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F +F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 +(operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F +1.547(letters to lo)144 571.2 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E +F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) +-.15 E -.25(va)144 583.2 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 +E F2(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 595.2 Q F0 .78 +(is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C +.78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 +E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ +n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 607.2 R +(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 619.2 R(If)5.468 E F1 +(par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.969 E +F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F .005(tion operation is \ +applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 631.2 R .005 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F F2(Command Substitution)87 648 Q +F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 660 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 672 Q F2($\()144 688.8 Q F1 +(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 700.8 Q F2<92>144 712.8 Q F1(command) +A F2<92>A(Bash)108 729.6 Q F0 1.709(performs the e)4.209 F 1.709 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)4.209 E F0 +1.708(and replacing the command substitution with the)4.208 F +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(22)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.74(``)144 84 S/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74 -('' c)D .042(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 -E F1(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.792 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F1(@)2.542 -E F0(or)2.542 E F1(*)2.542 E F0 2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441 -(pattern remo)144 96 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.941(lo).25 G .441 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 108 R(If) -5.24 E F2(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F1(*)2.741 E -F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 -G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E -(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 120 -Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 136.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 148.8 -S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 -E F2(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 160.8 Q F2 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 -(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2(string)144 172.8 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f) --5.161 E F2(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F1(/) -2.661 E F0 2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F2(pattern)2.661 E F0 -.16(are replaced with)2.661 F F2(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 -(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 184.8 R -(If)5.806 E F2(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F1(#) -3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 -F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 196.8 S .621 -(lue of).25 F F2(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F2 -(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.121 E F0 -3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F -.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 208.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F2(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) -3.753 F F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F1(/) -3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) -3.754 F 2.679(omitted. If)144 220.8 R F2(par)3.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)3.409 E F1(@)2.679 E F0(or)2.679 E F1(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .178 -(he substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter) --2.679 F .618(in turn, and the e)144 232.8 R .619 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.619 E F2(par)4.369 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .619(is an array v)3.849 F .619 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)144 244.8 Q F0(or)3.224 E F1(*) -3.224 E F0 3.224(,t)C .723(he substitution operation is applied to each\ - member of the array in turn, and the e)-3.224 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion is the resultant list.)144 256.8 Q(${)108 273.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 285.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E -F1(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 297.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A -F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 309.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2 -(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 321.6 R F0 5.437(.T)C -.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 -(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F2(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F2(pattern)144 333.6 Q -F0 .814(is e)3.314 F .813 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.313 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F F1(^)3.313 E F0 .813(operator con)3.313 F -.15(ve) --.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 345.6 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F2 -(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F1(,)2.681 E F0 .181 -(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181(rts matching uppercase letters) -.15 F .085(to lo)144 357.6 R 2.585(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)2.585 E F0 -(and)2.585 E F1(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15(ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F --.15(ve)-.4 G .085(rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .085(alue; the)-.25 F F1(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 369.6 Q -F1(,)3.59 E F0 -.15(ex)3.59 G 1.09(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve) --.4 G 1.091(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.091 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.591(alue. If)-.25 F F2(pattern)3.591 E F0(is)3.591 E -1.121(omitted, it is treated lik)144 381.6 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F1(?)A F0 -3.621(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121 -(ry character).15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F2(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0(is)4.35 E F1(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F1(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12 -(he case)-3.62 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each posi\ -tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 393.6 R 1.335(xpansion is the) --.15 F 1.308(resultant list.)144 405.6 R(If)6.308 E F2(par)5.058 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F1(*)3.808 E -F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F -(operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -417.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F1(Command Substitution) -87 434.4 Q F2 1.697(Command substitution)108 446.4 R F0(allo)4.197 E -1.697(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F -1.698(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 458.4 Q F1($\()144 475.2 Q -F2(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 487.2 Q F1<92>144 499.2 Q F2 -(command)A F1<92>A(Bash)108 516 Q F0 .02(performs the e)2.52 F .02 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.519 E F0 -.019(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 -(dard output of the command, with an)108 528 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 -(railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 -F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 540 Q 3.219(ym) --.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719 -(uring w)-3.219 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 -(The command substitution)5.719 F F1($\(cat)3.219 E F2(\214le)3.219 E F1 -(\))A F0 .718(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 552 Q -.25(va)-.25 -G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 -(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 568.8 R(xcept)-.15 E -.315(when follo)108 580.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1 -<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ -e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 592.8 R 1.386(using the $\() -3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +-.35 E .749(standard output of the command, with an)108 84 R 3.249(yt) +-.15 G .749(railing ne)-3.249 F .749(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .75 +(Embedded ne)5.749 F .75(wlines are not deleted,)-.25 F -.2(bu)108 96 S +3.197(tt).2 G(he)-3.197 E 3.197(ym)-.15 G .697(ay be remo)-3.197 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.196(dd).15 G .696(uring w)-3.196 F .696(ord splitting.)-.1 +F .696(The command substitution)5.696 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($\(cat) +3.196 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.196 E F1(\))A F0 .696 +(can be replaced by)3.196 F(the equi)108 108 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 +E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1(\))A F0(.)A +1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backsl\ +ash retains its literal meaning e)108 124.8 R(xcept)-.15 E .315 +(when follo)108 136.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92> +2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \ +\214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\ +b-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 148.8 R 1.386(using the $\()3.886 +F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 (orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G 3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 604.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 621.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +(mand; none are treated specially)108 160.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 177.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 633.6 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 650.4 R .422 +(quotes with backslashes.)108 189.6 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 206.4 R .422 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 662.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 679.2 Q F0 -1.035(Arithmetic e)108 691.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 +F(on the results.)108 218.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 235.2 Q F0 +1.035(Arithmetic e)108 247.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 703.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() -144 720 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(21)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 22 22 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E -(ession)-.37 E F0 .165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b) -2.905 F .166(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.075 -(treated specially)108 96 R 6.075(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.075 F 1.074 -(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074(go parameter e) --.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.074(xpansion, command)-.15 F -(substitution, and quote remo)108 108 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 2.5 -(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378 -(The e)108 124.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +(The format for arithmetic e)108 259.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 276 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 292.8 Q +F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 +(treated specially)108 304.8 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 +(ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) +-.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 +(tution, and quote remo)108 316.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F +1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F +-.15(ex)108 328.8 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 345.6 +R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) --.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.879 E F1 -.2(ex)108 136.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E --.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 -(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) --.1 E F4(Pr)87 153.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F1(Pr)108 165.6 Q .971 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971 -(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471 F F1(FIFOs)A -F0 3.47(\)o)C 3.47(rt)-3.47 G(he)-3.47 E F4(/de)3.47 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -.97(method of)3.47 F .021(naming open \214les.)108 177.6 R .021(It tak) -5.021 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F4(<\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E -F0(or)2.521 E F4(>\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 5.021(.T)C .021 -(he process)-5.021 F F1(list)2.521 E F0 .021 -(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .059(nected to a)108 189.6 -R F1(FIFO)2.559 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.559 F F4(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) +-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 357.6 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) +2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 374.4 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 386.4 Q .97(ocess substitution)-.45 +F F0 .971(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F2 +(FIFOs)A F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F1(/de)3.471 E +(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 +398.4 R .021(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.021(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 +(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 410.4 +R F2(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) -.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar) --5.058 F .058(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .13 -(mand as the result of the e)108 201.6 R 2.63(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) -2.63 E F4(>\()2.63 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .13 -(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .131 -(vide input for)-.15 F F1(list)2.631 E F0(.)A(If the)108 213.6 Q F4(<\() -2.5 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E -(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 -(.)A .897(When a)108 230.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\ -ution is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896 +-5.058 F .059(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .131 +(mand as the result of the e)108 422.4 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) +2.63 E F1(>\()2.63 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .13 +(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .13(vide input for) +-.15 F F2(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 434.4 Q F1(<\()2.5 E F2(list)A +F1(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E +(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 +(.)A .896(When a)108 451.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\ +ution is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .897 (ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 242.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4 --.75(Wo)87 259.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 271.2 R 1.143 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 283.2 Q -F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 300 R F2(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 463.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 480 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 492 R 1.142 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 504 Q +F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 520.8 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) --.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.788(on these characters.)108 312 R(If)6.788 E F2 -(IFS)4.288 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.038 F 1.789(alue is e)-.25 F -(xactly)-.15 E F4(<space><tab><newline>)4.289 E F0 4.289(,t)C 1.789 -(he def)-4.289 F 1.789(ault, then)-.1 F .022(sequences of)108 324 R F4 -(<space>)2.522 E F0(,)A F4(<tab>)2.522 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F4 -(<newline>)2.521 E F0 .021(at the be)2.521 F .021 -(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .021(vious e)-.25 F -(xpan-)-.15 E .585(sions are ignored, and an)108 336 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G -.586(equence of)-3.086 F F2(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586 -(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .586 -(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 348 Q F2(IFS)3.617 E F0 1.117 -(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117 -(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)3.617 -E F0(and)3.617 E F4(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be) -108 360 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 -(ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.566 E F2(IFS)108 372 Q F0 1.054 -(whitespace character\).)3.304 F(An)6.054 E 3.554(yc)-.15 G 1.054 -(haracter in)-3.554 F F2(IFS)3.554 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F2 -(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(whitespace, along with an)3.303 F 3.553(ya)-.15 G -(djacent)-3.553 E F2(IFS)3.553 E F0 .331 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 384 R 2.831(As)5.331 G -.332(equence of)-2.831 F F2(IFS)2.832 E F0 .332 -(whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 396 -Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(IFS)2.5 E F0 -(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.879 -(Explicit null ar)108 412.8 R 1.879(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G -F0(or)3.545 E F4 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) --4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.878 -(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 424.8 S .176 -(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .476 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.676(ov).15 G -.176(alues, are remo)-2.926 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.677(ap) -2.677 G .177(arameter with no v)-2.677 F .177(alue is e)-.25 F .177 -(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 436.8 Q -(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 453.6 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 470.4 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 482.4 R .371 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F4<ad66>2.871 E F0 .371 -(option has been set,)2.871 F F4(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F -.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 -(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F4([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 494.4 R .677 -(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F1(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.457 -(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 506.4 R -1.456(If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F -(option)108 518.4 Q F4(nullglob)2.537 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w) -2.537 F .038(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .038(If the)5.038 F F4 -(nullglob)2.538 E F0 .038(option is set, and no matches are)2.538 F .306 -(found, the w)108 530.4 R .306(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.806 -(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F4(failglob)2.805 E F0 .305 -(shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message)2.805 F -.928(is printed and the command is not e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.428(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F4(nocaseglob)3.428 -E F0 .929(is enabled, the match is per)3.429 F(-)-.2 E .033 -(formed without re)108 554.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .033 -(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .032 -(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.032 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .104 -(the character)108 566.4 R F4 -.63(``)2.604 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -.104(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.104 F .105 -(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.605(,u)-.65 G -(nless)-2.605 E .888(the shell option)108 578.4 R F4(dotglob)3.388 E F0 -.888(is set.)3.388 F .887 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.888 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .887(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 590.4 S(plicitly).15 E 6.165 -(.I)-.65 G 3.665(no)-6.165 G 1.165(ther cases, the)-3.665 F F4 -.63(``) -3.665 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166 -(character is not treated specially)6.165 F 6.166(.S)-.65 G 1.166 -(ee the description of)-6.166 F F4(shopt)3.666 E F0(belo)3.666 E(w)-.25 -E(under)108 602.4 Q F2 .478(SHELL B)2.978 F(UIL)-.09 E .478 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the)2.728 F F4 -(nocaseglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)2.977 -E F0 2.977(,a)C(nd)-2.977 E F4(dotglob)2.977 E F0(shell options.)108 -614.4 Q(The)108 631.2 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 -(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F1(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F2(GLO-)2.631 E -(BIGNORE)108 643.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) -4.264 E(remo)108 655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(df).15 G .003 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.503 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F4 -.63 -(``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F4 -.63(``)2.503 G(..) -.63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .004(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .004 -(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.504 E F0(is)2.254 E .046 -(set and not null.)108 667.2 R(Ho)5.046 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .846 --.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.546 E F0 .046 -(to a non-null v)2.296 F .045(alue has the ef)-.25 F .045 -(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F4(dotglob)2.545 E F0 .613 -(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 679.2 R .614 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .614 -(will match.)5.614 F 2.214 -.8(To g)5.614 H .614(et the old beha).8 F -.614(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .457(\214le names be)108 691.2 R .457 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F4 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 -.457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E F3(.)A F0(The) -4.957 E F4(dotglob)2.956 E F0 .456(option is)2.956 F(disabled when)108 -703.2 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0(is unset.)2.25 E F4 -.1(Pa)108 720 S -(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(22)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 23 23 +-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) +108 532.8 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.707 E F0 +(,)A .836(the def)108 544.8 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +(<space>)3.336 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 +(<newline>)3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 556.8 R .345 +(vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 +G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 +(characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 568.8 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 +E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 +580.8 Q F0(and)3.187 E F1(tab)3.187 E F0 .687(are ignored at the be) +3.187 F .687(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .686 +(ord, as long as the whitespace character is in)-.1 F .276(the v)108 +592.8 R .276(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.777 E F0(\(an)2.527 E F3(IFS)2.777 +E F0 .277(whitespace character\).)2.527 F(An)5.277 E 2.777(yc)-.15 G +.277(haracter in)-2.777 F F3(IFS)2.777 E F0 .277(that is not)2.527 F F3 +(IFS)2.777 E F0 .277(whitespace, along with)2.527 F(an)108 604.8 Q 3.336 +(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-3.336 E F3(IFS)3.336 E F0 .836 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)3.086 F 3.335(As)5.835 G +.835(equence of)-3.335 F F3(IFS)3.335 E F0 .835 +(whitespace characters is also)3.085 F(treated as a delimiter)108 616.8 +Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0 +(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878 +(Explicit null ar)108 633.6 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G +F0(or)3.545 E F1 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) +-4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.879 +(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 645.6 S .177 +(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G +.177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap) +2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176 +(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 657.6 Q +(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 674.4 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 691.2 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 703.2 R .37 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37 +(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F +.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 +2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 715.2 R .677 +(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 +(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 727.2 R +F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) +2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(23)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(An)108 84 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a patt\ -ern, other than the special pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F -1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 96 R 1.12 -(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12 -(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 -(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 108 R .576 +-.35 E .009(are found, and the shell option)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008 +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008(If the)5.008 F F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 +.008(option is)2.508 F .442(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 96 +R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F1 +(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 +F 1.38(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 +108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F +F1(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 +(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 120 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 +(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 132 R .378 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .578(matched e)108 144 R(xplicitly)-.15 E +3.078(,u)-.65 G .578(nless the shell option)-3.078 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E +F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .579 +(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.789(must al)108 +156 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.788(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 6.788(.I) +-.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F1 -.63(``)4.288 +G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.788(character is not treated specially) +6.788 F 6.788(.S)-.65 G 1.788(ee the)-6.788 F .165(description of)108 +168 R F1(shopt)2.665 E F0(belo)2.665 E 2.665(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.665 E/F2 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF .165(SHELL B)2.665 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0 .166(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.666 E +F0(,)A F1(null-)2.666 E(glob)108 180 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 196.8 Q +F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.786 E F0 .286(shell v)2.536 F .285 +(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214lenames matching a)-.25 +F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.785 E F0 5.285(.I).24 G(f)-5.285 E +F2(GLO-)2.785 E(BIGNORE)108 208.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214\ +lename that also matches one of the patterns in)4.565 F F2(GLOBIGNORE) +4.816 E F0(is)4.566 E(remo)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.66(df).15 G .16 +(rom the list of matches.)-2.66 F .16(The \214lenames)5.16 F F1 -.63(``) +2.66 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.16 E F1 -.63(``)2.66 G(..).63 E +-.63('')-.55 G F0 .16(are al)5.79 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .159(ys ignored when).1 +F F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.659 E F0(is)2.409 E .045(set and not null.)108 232.8 R +(Ho)5.045 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .845 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2 +(GLOBIGNORE)2.545 E F0 .046(to a non-null v)2.296 F .046 +(alue has the ef)-.25 F .046(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F1(dotglob) +2.546 E F0 .787(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)108 244.8 R +.787(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.287 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +.787(will match.)5.787 F 2.386 -.8(To g)5.787 H .786(et the old beha).8 +F .786(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .641(\214lenames be)108 256.8 R .641 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.141 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +3.141(,m)C(ak)-3.141 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.141 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 +.642(one of the patterns in)5.642 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.142 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)5.142 E F1(dotglob)3.142 E F0 .642 +(option is)3.142 F(disabled when)108 268.8 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is unset.)2.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 285.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching) +-2.5 E F0(An)108 302.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in \ +a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described belo) +-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 314.4 +R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G +1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F +.576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 326.4 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 120 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)144 153.6 -Q F0 .377(Matches an)31 F 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 165.6 -Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 -(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 -E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 -(will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ -.)180 177.6 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E -F0(,)A(tw)180 189.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 201.6 Q -F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -([...])144 213.6 Q F0 .578(Matches an)21.84 F 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .537 -(denotes a)180 225.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.037 G(ng).15 E -3.037(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.237 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.037(;a)C .837 -.15(ny c) --3.037 H .537(haracter that sorts between those tw).15 F 3.036(oc)-.1 G -.536(haracters, inclu-)-3.036 F(si)180 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u) -.15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 -(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) -6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 249.6 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F -F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F1 -(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 261.6 R .895 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .258(and the v) -180 273.6 R .257(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)2.757 -E(TE)-.855 E F0 .257(shell v)2.507 F .257(ariable, if set.)-.25 F(A) -5.257 E F1<ad>2.757 E F0 .257(may be matched by includ-)2.757 F .78 -(ing it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)180 285.6 R(A)5.78 -E F1(])3.28 E F0 .78(may be matched by including it as the)3.28 F -(\214rst character in the set.)180 297.6 Q -.4(Wi)180 315.6 S(thin).4 E -F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F2 -.15(ch)3.071 G(ar) -.15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F2(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F2(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) -180 327.6 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 -8.173(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 339.6 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 351.6 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.29(Ac)180 363.6 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 338.4 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 355.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 372 Q F0 .376(Matches an) +31 F 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F +.376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377 +(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 384 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 +(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) +-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 +(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\ + or more directories and subdirectories.)180 396 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 +F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 408 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G +(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 420 Q F0 +(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1([...]) +144 432 Q F0 .579(Matches an)21.84 F 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 +(denotes a)180 444 R F3 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 +(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G +.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 +G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 +(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the) +6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 468 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F F1 +([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1 +(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 480 R .894 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) +180 492 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) +2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 +F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 504 R .068 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 +(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 516 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 +.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F1<ad>2.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ +be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) +180 528 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 540 Q -.4(Wi)180 +558 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F3 -.15(ch) +3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F3(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F3(class)3.071 E F0 +(is one of the follo)180 570 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 582 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 594 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.289(Ac)180 606 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) -.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 --.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 375.6 Q -.4(Wi) -180 393.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 -(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F2 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F2(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 405.6 R -(the character)180 417.6 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 435.6 S(thin).4 -E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) -2.5 E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 452.4 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -464.4 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 +-.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 618 Q -.4(Wi) +180 636 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 +(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F3 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F3(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 648 R +(the character)180 660 Q F3(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 678 S(thin).4 E F1 +([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 +E F3(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F3(symbol) +2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 +706.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F3 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 476.4 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 500.4 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 512.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 524.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 536.4 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 548.4 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 560.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 572.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 584.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 596.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches an)180 608.4 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 625.2 -Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 637.2 R 1.112 -(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 649.2 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 666 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 -(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E -(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .616 -(by the shell.)108 690 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open and \ -close \214les for the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617 -(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 702 R(follo)3.275 E -.774(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774 -(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .774(simple command)3.614 F F0(or)4.044 E -(may follo)108 714 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G -(edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear) --2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each redirection tha\ -t may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may instead be preceded\ - by a w)108 730.8 R .772(ord of)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(23)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 24 24 +108 718.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(24)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .293(the form {)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)A F0 -2.793(}. In)B .293(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F -.293(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.498<618c>108 96 -S .999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.498 F F1 -(varname)3.499 E F0 5.999(.I)C 3.499(f>)-5.999 G .999 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.499 F F1(varname)A F0 .999(}, the)B -.25 -(va)108 108 S(lue of).25 E F1(varname)2.5 E F0 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108 -124.8 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ -ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 -(ion operator is)108 136.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012 -(,t)C .512 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(?\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list).833 +E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 144 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 156 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 168 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 180 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 192 Q(ything e)-.15 +E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E +F1(Quote Remo)87 208.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113 +(After the preceding e)108 220.8 R 1.113 +(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 +1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 232.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 249.6 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 +(by the shell.)108 273.6 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) +-.25 F(dif)108 285.6 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ + the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 +(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 297.6 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 +309.6 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G +.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 321.6 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ +h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ +stead be preceded by a w)108 338.4 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) +108 350.4 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 362.4 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F +F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 374.4 Q +F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)108 +391.2 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ +ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 +(ion operator is)108 403.2 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 148.8 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 415.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 165.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772 -(jected to brace e)108 177.6 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844 -(sion, quote remo)108 189.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F -.843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 -F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.343 E F0 -(reports an error)108 201.6 Q(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 218.4 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 235.2 Q F2(>)2.5 -E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 252 Q -F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 268.8 -Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 285.6 R F1(dirlist)3.027 -E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 +-2.5 E .824(The w)108 432 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 444 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 456 R +.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F +.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 +F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 468 S(rd,).1 E F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 484.8 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 501.6 Q F1(>)2.5 +E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 518.4 +Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 +535.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 552 R F2(dirlist)3.027 E +F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 297.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 314.4 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 326.4 Q F2(/de)144 343.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F1(fd)A -F0(If)180 355.2 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 -E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 -E F2(/de)144 367.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) -180 379.2 Q F2(/de)144 391.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 403.2 Q F2(/de)144 415.2 Q -(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 427.2 Q F2(/de) -144 439.2 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)180 451.2 Q -F1(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 463.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) --.1 E F2(/de)144 475.2 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If) -180 487.2 Q F1(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(output before the standard output w)108 564 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 +(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 580.8 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 592.8 Q F1(/de)144 609.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A +F0(If)180 621.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 +E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 +E F1(/de)144 633.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) +180 645.6 Q F1(/de)144 657.6 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 669.6 Q F1(/de)144 681.6 Q +(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 693.6 Q F1(/de) +144 705.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 717.6 Q +F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 499.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) --.1 E 2.5(Af)108 516 S +(vice name,)180 729.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(25)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 26 26 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 96 Q F2(host)2.996 +E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496(alid hostname or Internet address, and) +-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497(is an inte)2.997 F .497 +(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E(vice name,)180 108 Q F1(bash)2.5 +E F0(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af) +108 124.8 S (ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E -(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ -hould be used with care, as the)108 532.8 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 544.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87 -561.6 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ +hould be used with care, as the)108 141.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 153.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +170.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 573.6 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 585.6 Q F1 +108 182.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 194.4 Q F2 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 602.4 Q([)144 619.2 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 636 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .174 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 244.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 648 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 660 R -F1(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F --.15(ex)108 672 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +108 256.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 268.8 +R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F +-.15(ex)108 280.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 688.8 Q([)144 705.6 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 722.4 R F2(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F2(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(24)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 25 25 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .658(will f)108 84 R .658 -(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658(xpansion of) --.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G -.657(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|)2.909 -E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 -F F2(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 -.409(option to the)2.909 F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 297.6 Q([)144 314.4 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 331.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 343.2 R +.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 +(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 355.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E +F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 -E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 124.8 -S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 136.8 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 148.8 R F1(n)2.973 E F0 +367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 +384 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 396 R .642 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 408 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.334 E F0 -.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 -160.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 177.6 Q([)144 194.4 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 216 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 228 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ -e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F -(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 240 Q -(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108 -256.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G -(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2 -(&>)144 273.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 285.6 Q F2(>&)144 297.6 Q -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 314.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 +.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 +420 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 436.8 Q([)144 453.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 475.2 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(This construct allo)108 487.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) +-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 +499.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 516 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 +(&>)144 532.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 544.8 Q F1(>&)144 556.8 Q +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 573.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 331.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2 -.25(Ap)87 352.8 S +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 590.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 607.2 R F2(wor) +2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) +-.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G +.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 619.2 Q +F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 636 S (pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 364.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ -\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) --.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -376.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(This construct allo)108 648 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ +e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F +(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 660 Q +(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -393.6 Q F2(&>>)144 410.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 427.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(>>)144 444 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(Her)87 -460.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ +676.8 Q F1(&>>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 710.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 +(>>)144 727.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(26)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 27 27 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(\(see)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 +100.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ -ontaining only)108 472.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 484.8 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +ontaining only)108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delimiter)108.35 +124.8 Q F0 .614(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input for a command.)108 496.8 Q -(The format of here-documents is:)108 513.6 Q F2(<<)144 530.4 Q F0([)A -F2<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 542.4 Q(e-document)-.37 E -(delimiter)144 554.4 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 571.2 R .127 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127 -(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 -583.2 Q F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G -1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F1(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E -F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F1(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 -(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n) --3.275 E F1(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905 -(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 595.2 R 3.405(xpanded. If) --.15 F F1(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694 -(subjected to parameter e)108 607.2 R .695 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195 -(xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F -(character sequence)108 619.2 Q F2(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) -2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\) -2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 636 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) +F(dard input for a command.)108 136.8 Q +(The format of here-documents is:)108 153.6 Q F1(<<)144 170.4 Q F0([)A +F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 182.4 Q(e-document)-.37 E +(delimiter)144 194.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 211.2 R .302 +(ariable e)-.25 F .302(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 +F .301(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .225 +(is performed on)108 223.2 R F2(wor)2.725 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.225(.I).77 G +2.726(fa)-5.225 G .526 -.15(ny c)-2.726 H .226(haracters in).15 F F2 +(wor)3.066 E(d)-.37 E F0 .226(are quoted, the)3.496 F F2(delimiter)3.076 +E F0 .226(is the result of quote remo)3.456 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.726(lo) +.25 G(n)-2.726 E F2(wor)108 235.2 Q(d)-.37 E F0 2.715(,a).77 G .215 +(nd the lines in the here-document are not e)-2.715 F 2.714(xpanded. If) +-.15 F F2(wor)2.714 E(d)-.37 E F0 .214 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-docu-)2.714 F .499 +(ment are subjected to parameter e)108 247.2 R .499 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .5 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 259.2 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 +E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +(If the redirection operator is)108 276 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ - the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 648 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G + the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 288 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G (his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 664.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 676.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F2 -(<<<)144 693.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 710.4 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(is e)2.5 E -(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(25)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 26 26 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 84 Q F0 -(The redirection operator)108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 129.6 R(If)5.127 E +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 304.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 316.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1 +(<<<)144 333.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 350.4 Q F2(wor)2.893 E(d) +-.37 E F0(under)2.893 E .393(goes brace e)-.18 F .393(xpansion, tilde e) +-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .394(ariable e)-.25 F .394 +(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.148(tution, arithmetic e)108 362.4 R +2.148(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.648(l. P).25 F +2.148(athname e)-.15 F 2.148(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.147 +(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(formed. The)108 374.4 R(re\ +sult is supplied as a single string to the command on its standard inpu\ +t.)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 391.2 Q F0 +(The redirection operator)108 403.2 Q([)144 420 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 436.8 R(If)5.127 E F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -141.6 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +448.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G 2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G 2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 .457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 153.6 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 460.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) 2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) 2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 165.6 Q -(The operator)108 182.4 Q([)144 199.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 472.8 Q +(The operator)108 489.6 Q([)144 506.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A (d)-.37 E F0 .444 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 216 R(If) -5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 523.2 R +(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 228 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)4.197 -E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ - a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 240 R 2.597(as)2.597 G -.097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096(is omitted, and)2.596 -F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)2.596 F .096 -(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F -(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 252 Q -(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 268.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 280.8 Q([)144 297.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&) -A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G -.535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 -(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) --3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 -(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 326.4 Q F2(digit)5 -E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A -(Similarly)108 343.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) -144 360 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 376.8 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2 -(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 -2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 388.8 Q F1 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 405.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 417.6 Q([)144 434.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) -A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -451.2 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 535.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) +4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 547.2 R F2(wor) +3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E +F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 +(is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0 +.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E +.965(not e)108 559.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad> +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 +(he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) +-3.466 F(pre)108 571.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 588 Q +(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 600 Q([)144 +616.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 633.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit) +3.036 E F0 .536(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o) +.24 G 3.036(rt)-3.036 G .535 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 +.535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 645.6 Q F2(digit)5 E F0 +(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) +108 662.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 679.2 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 696 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2(digit)2.785 E F0 +.285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785 +(rt)-2.785 G .286(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F +F2(n)2.786 E F0 .286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 708 Q +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(27)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 28 28 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Opening File Descriptors f)87 84 Q +(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0(The redirection operator)108 96 Q([) +144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E +F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 129.6 R 1.349 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 463.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +108 141.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 480 Q F2(Aliases)108 492 Q F0(allo)3.174 E -3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 158.4 Q F2(Aliases)108 170.4 Q F0(allo)3.173 +E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 504 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 516 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 528 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 540 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 552 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 564 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 576 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 588 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 600 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 182.4 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 194.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 206.4 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 218.4 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 230.4 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 242.4 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 254.4 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 266.4 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 278.4 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 616.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 295.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 633.6 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 312 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 645.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 662.4 R 1.22 +108 324 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 340.8 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) .15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 674.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 352.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -691.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 -(one complete line of input before e)108 703.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 +369.6 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 +(one complete line of input before e)108 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 715.2 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 393.6 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 -(another command does not tak)108 727.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 +(another command does not tak)108 405.6 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(26)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 27 27 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .277(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 84 R .277 +1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 +(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 417.6 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(\ -xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is \ -e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 108 R -.495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 -(tion are not a)108 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 +429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F +.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .495 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 441.6 +R .494(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .084 +(tion are not a)108 453.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 (ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584 (cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F --.1(wa)-.1 G .084(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F -(rate line, and do not use)108 132 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E -F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 148.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) +-.1(wa)-.1 G .085(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F +(rate line, and do not use)108 465.6 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 482.4 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 177.6 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F -1.002(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002 -(the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\ -t of com-)3.502 F .315(mands associated with that function name is e)108 -201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 -F .036(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 +(FUNCTIONS)72 499.2 Q F0 3.468(As)108 511.2 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 523.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 535.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 +(shell; no ne)108 547.2 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 559.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 237.6 -R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 249.6 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 571.2 +R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 583.2 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.049(these e)108 278.4 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.548 E(UG) +1.048(these e)108 612 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.548 E(UG) -.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F1(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048 (traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F1(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.548 E -.09(BU)108 290.4 S(IL) -.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.549 E -.09(BU)108 624 S(IL).09 +E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F1(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 302.4 R F3(declar) -2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 314.4 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 636 R F4(declar)2.92 +E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)-.25 F +F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 648 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 326.4 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 343.2 S .656 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 660 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 676.8 S .655 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v)108 355.2 Q +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 688.8 Q (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E -(The)108 372 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 +(The)108 705.6 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -384 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 400.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) -2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 -(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 412.8 R 1.011 -(xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 424.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 +-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(28)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 29 29 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .043(If the b)108 84 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .043(cuted in a function, the function completes and e) +.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 96 +R 1.012(xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc) +-.15 G 1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 +1.011(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 108 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 436.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E -2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 453.6 R F1 +108 120 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5 +(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 +G(cution.).15 E 1.359 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 136.8 R F1 <ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 465.6 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 148.8 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.326(\214le and line number)108 477.6 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G -(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 489.6 R -1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.798 E -F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F .16 -(deleted using the)108 501.6 R F1<ad66>2.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 -F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 -(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161(ariables with the same name) --.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en) -108 513.6 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G -3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 525.6 Q -(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .371 -(Functions may be recursi)108 542.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) +.327(\214le and line number)108 160.8 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 172.8 R +1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.797 E +F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 +(deleted using the)108 184.8 R F1<ad66>2.661 E F0 .161(option to the) +2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 +(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 +F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 +196.8 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 +(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 208.8 Q +(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372 +(Functions may be recursi)108 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) -5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 554.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 237.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 566.4 Q .3 --.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E F2(ARITHMETIC EV)72 583.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E --1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297(The shell allo)108 595.2 R 2.297 -(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.798 E -F0(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 607.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206 -(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .206(Arithmetic Expansion)2.706 F F0 2.705 -(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .205(ed-width inte)-.15 -F .205(gers with no)-.15 F .428(check for o)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -(r\215o).15 E 1.728 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .428(hough di).65 F .428 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.429(.T)-.55 G -.429(he operators and their prece-)-5.429 F 1.92(dence, associati)108 -631.2 R(vity)-.25 E 4.42(,a)-.65 G 1.92(nd v)-4.42 F 1.92 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.919(The follo)6.919 F -1.919(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 643.2 Q -.15 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 249.6 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 +266.4 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 +(The shell allo)108 278.4 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 +(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 +(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 290.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205 +(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 2.705 +(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte)-.15 +F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 302.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +(r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G +.428(he operators and their prece-)-5.428 F 1.919(dence, associati)108 +314.4 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F +1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 326.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 660 Q F1(++)A F5(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25 -(va)144 672 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 -684 Q F5(id)A F1<adad>2.5 E F5(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 696 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<ad2b>108 708 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)19.6 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) -135.965 E(27)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 28 28 +-.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 343.2 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25 +(va)144 355.2 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 +367.2 Q F3(id)A F1<adad>2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 379.2 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<ad2b>108 391.2 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F1 2.5(!~)108 403.2 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 +415.2 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 427.2 S F0 +(multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 +439.2 S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 451.2 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F1(<= >= < >)108 463.2 Q F0 +(comparison)144 475.2 Q F1(== !=)108 487.2 Q F0(equality and inequality) +13.07 E F1(&)108 499.2 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 511.2 Q F0 +(bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 +523.2 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&)108 535.2 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1 +(||)108 547.2 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E F3 -.2(ex)108 559.2 S(pr).2 E F1(?) +A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 571.2 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 583.2 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G +2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G +(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 595.2 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 607.2 S +(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 619.2 Q .68 +(Shell v)108 636 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 +(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 +(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 648 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 F +1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 660 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G +1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 +(using the parameter e)108 672 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 684 R 1.389 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) +-3.889 E F3(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 +(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) +3.889 E .332(assigned a v)108 696 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) +2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 +(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 +-.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) +2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 708 Q +(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 724.8 +R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) +-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(29)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(!~)108 84 S F0(logical and bitwise ne) -24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 96 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G -(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 108 S F0(multiplication, di)10.72 E -(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 120 S F0 -(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 132 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F1(<= >= < >)108 144 Q F0 -(comparison)144 156 Q F1(== !=)108 168 Q F0(equality and inequality) -13.07 E F1(&)108 180 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 192 Q F0 -(bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 -204 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&)108 216 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1(||) -108 228 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 240 S -(pr).2 E F1(?)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 252 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 264 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 -(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) --2.5 E F0(assignment)144 276 Q F2 -.2(ex)108 288 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 300 Q .68(Shell v)108 316.8 R .68 -(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 -(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 328.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 -(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 340.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G -1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 -(using the parameter e)108 352.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 364.8 R 1.389 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 -E F2(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 -F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 -(assigned a v)108 376.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 -(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G -.332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 -H(ts).15 E F2(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 388.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E -1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 -405.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F -(xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 417.6 R 2.613(et)-.1 -G .113(he form [)-2.613 F F2(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F2 -(base)2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 429.6 R F2(n)3.033 E F0 .533 -(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F2(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .916 -(The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 441.6 R .915 -(wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that)-.25 F(order) -108 453.6 Q 5.67(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.67 E F2(base)3.17 E F0 .67 -(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.17 F .671 -(wercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to)-.25 F -(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 465.6 Q .235(Operators are e) -108 482.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235(luated in order of precedence.).25 F -(Sub-e)5.234 E .234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .234(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 494.4 S -(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 511.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 -(Conditional e)108 523.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) -2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F1([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 535.2 R .77 +-.35 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 84 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 +(he form [)-2.612 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(base#)A F0 .112 +(]n, where the optional)B F1(base)2.612 E F0 .113 +(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 96 R F1(n)3.034 E F0 .534 +(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F1(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .16(When specifying)108 108 R +F1(n)2.66 E F0 2.66(,t)C .16 +(he digits greater< than 9 are represented by the lo)-2.66 F .16 +(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943 +(@, and _, in that order)108 120 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F1(base) +3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942 +(wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 132 Q .234 +(Operators are e)108 148.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 160.8 S +(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 177.6 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 189.6 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F3 +(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F3([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255 +(iltin commands to test).2 F .77(\214le attrib)108 201.6 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.04 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 547.2 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E F2 -(\214le)3.54 E F0(ar)3.54 E 1.041 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)3.541 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.541(,t)C 1.041(hen \214le)-3.541 F(descriptor)108 -559.2 Q F2(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the) -3.789 E F2(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)3.788 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.788(,o)C(r)-3.788 E F2 -(/de)108 571.2 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.041 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 213.6 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E F1 +(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.54 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 225.6 +Q F1(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E +F1(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F1 +(/de)108 237.6 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 +(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 588 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 600 Q -1.096(When used with)108 618 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E -F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 -E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -630 Q F1<ad61>108 654 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 666 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 678 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 690 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 702 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 714 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E -(gular \214le.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E -(28)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 29 29 +108 254.4 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 266.4 +Q 1.095(When used with)108 284.4 R F3([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 +E F3(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F3(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 +E F3(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +296.4 Q F3<ad61>108 320.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 +E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3<ad62>108 332.4 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F3<ad63>108 344.4 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F3<ad64>108 356.4 Q +F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F3<ad65>108 368.4 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3<ad66>108 380.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G +(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E +(gular \214le.)-.15 E F3<ad67>108 392.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +10.58 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F3<ad68>108 404.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3<ad6b>108 416.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) +-2.5 E F3<ad70>108 428.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 +E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) +.15 E F3<ad72>108 440.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E +F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F3<ad73>108 +452.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F3<ad74> +108 464.4 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E +F1(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F3<ad75>108 +476.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F3 +<ad77>108 488.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F3<ad78>108 +500.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F3 +<ad47>108 512.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F3<ad4c>108 524.4 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3<ad4e>108 536.4 Q F1(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F3 +<ad4f>108 548.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F3<ad53>108 560.4 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F1(\214le1)108 572.4 Q F3 +(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 584.4 S(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F1(\214le1)108 596.4 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F3 +(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 608.4 S .039(ue if).35 F F1 +(\214le1)2.539 E F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 +(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F1(\214le2)2.539 E +F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F1(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F1(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .038(does not.) +2.538 F F1(\214le1)108 620.4 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F3(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 632.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E +F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3 +<ad6f>108 644.4 Q F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 656.4 S .262 +(ue if the shell option).35 F F1(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.) +2.942 F .262(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 +F F3<ad6f>2.763 E F0(option to the)144 668.4 Q F3(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3<ad76>108 680.4 Q F1(varname)2.5 +E F0 -.35(Tr)144 692.4 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F1 +(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E +F3<ad52>108 704.4 Q F1(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 716.4 S +(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F1(varname)2.79 E F0 +(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(30)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad67>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 108 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F1<ad70>108 120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 -E F1<ad72>108 132 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 -144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74>108 -156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2 -(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 168 Q -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77>108 -180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 192 Q F2(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad47>108 204 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 -(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 216 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 228 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 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F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 324 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2 -(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 -<ad6f>108 336 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S .263 -(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.) -2.942 F .262(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 -F F1<ad6f>2.762 E F0(option to the)144 360 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 -G(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 372 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 384 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 -E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad7a>108 -396 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 408 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2 -(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 420 Q F1<ad6e>108 432 Q F2 -(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 444 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string) -2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 460.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 472.8 Q F1(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 484.8 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(=)5 E F0 -(should be used with the)2.5 E F1(test)2.5 E F0 -(command for POSIX conformance.)2.5 E F2(string1)108 501.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E -F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 513.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 530.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 542.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad7a>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string) +2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 108 Q F1<ad6e>108 120 Q F2(string) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0 +(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 148.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E +(string1)108 160.8 Q F1(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 172.8 S +.862(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 +(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .861 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 +184.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 196.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 +(string1)108 213.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 225.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 242.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 254.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 559.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 571.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 271.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 283.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -588 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 600 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 +300 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 312 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 -(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 612 R -F2(ar)144 624 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) +(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 324 R +F2(ar)144 336 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) .15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15 (eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 640.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 -.613(When a simple command is e)108 652.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 352.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 +.614(When a simple command is e)108 364.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 664.8 Q 26(1. The)108 681.6 R -.1(wo)4.349 G 1.849 -(rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 +108 376.8 Q 26(1. The)108 393.6 R -.1(wo)4.348 G 1.848 +(rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 710.4 R -.1(wo)3.663 G 1.163 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 422.4 R -.1(wo)3.664 G 1.164 (rds that are not v).1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -722.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 +434.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(29)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 30 30 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(are the ar)144 84 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 100.8 -R(are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26 -(4. The)108 117.6 R(te)3.216 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717 -(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .34 -(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 129.6 R .339 +(are the ar)144 446.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 463.2 R +(are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 +(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26(4. The)108 480 R(te) +3.217 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F +.717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .339 +(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 492 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 141.6 Q -.332(If no command name results, the v)108 158.4 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 504 Q .332 +(If no command name results, the v)108 520.8 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 170.4 S .757 +2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 532.8 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 182.4 -R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 194.4 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 211.2 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 223.2 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. 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If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 264 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 276 Q -(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 292.8 Q F0 .547 -(After a command has been split into w)108 304.8 R .546 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 +614.4 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 626.4 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 638.4 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 655.2 Q F0 +.546(After a command has been split into w)108 667.2 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 316.8 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 679.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 333.6 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 696 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 345.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G -.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F1(FUNCTIONS) -2.746 E F2(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 357.6 Q 2.5 +108 708 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 +(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 +E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 720 Q 2.5 (uiltins. 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A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 +(search of the directories in)108 120 R F2 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) +2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ +es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 132 R F1(command_not_f)3.455 +E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 144 Q F0 5.277(.I)C 2.777(ft)-5.277 G .277 +(hat function e)-2.777 F .277(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 2.777(dw).1 G .278 +(ith the original command and the original command')-2.777 F 2.778(sa) +-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.778 G(uments).18 E .776(as its ar)108 156 R .776 (guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 (xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F -.776(If that function is not)5.776 F -(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 458.4 -Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\ -e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 475.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197(named program in a separate e) -108 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 -F .198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 499.2 Q +.775(If that function is not)5.775 F +(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 168 Q +(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if the\ + command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 184.8 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198(named program in a separate e)108 +196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F +.198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 208.8 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 516 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 225.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 528 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 237.6 R/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 -(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 -(cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 540 R .33 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 -(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 552 R 1.219 +(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 +(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 249.6 R .329 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 261.6 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F3(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F1 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 564 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F2(\))A -F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) -108 580.8 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ -e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 592.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ - handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.193(format themselv) -108 604.8 R 3.693(es. 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The)108 302.4 R +.678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpre\ +ter on operating systems that do not handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv)108 314.4 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F +(ar)3.693 E 1.193 +(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 +(gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 +(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 326.4 R +1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F +(command ar)108 338.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 355.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 +(The shell has an)108 367.2 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E +(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 +E 32.5<836f>108 384 S 1.405(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in) +-32.5 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.406 +(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F1(exec) +3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 396 S(iltin).2 E 32.5<8374>108 412.8 S +(he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(,) +A F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri) +-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E 32.5 +<8374>108 429.6 S(he \214le creation mode mask as set by)-32.5 E F1 +(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) +-2.5 E 32.5<8363>108 446.4 S(urrent traps set by)-32.5 E F1(trap)2.5 E +F0 32.5<8373>108 463.2 S .257(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F +.256(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .256 +(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E +(in the en)144 475.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<8373>108 492 S (hell functions de\214ned during e)-32.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<836f>108 163.2 S +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<836f>108 508.8 S (ptions enabled at in)-32.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def).2 E (ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F1(set)2.5 E -F0 32.5<836f>108 180 S(ptions enabled by)-32.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 32.5 -<8373>108 196.8 S(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -32.5<8376>108 213.6 S +F0 32.5<836f>108 525.6 S(ptions enabled by)-32.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +32.5<8373>108 542.4 S(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F1(alias)2.5 E +F0 32.5<8376>108 559.2 S (arious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v)-32.75 E (alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 230.4 R .426 -(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 -(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) --2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 242.4 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 +F2(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426(When a simple command other than a b)108 576 R +.427(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 +(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) +-2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 588 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F -.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 254.4 Q 32.5<8374>108 271.2 S 1.056(he shell')-32.5 F -3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G +.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F +(the shell.)108 600 Q 32.5<8374>108 616.8 S 1.055(he shell')-32.5 F +3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 283.2 Q 32.5<8374>108 300 S(he current w)-32.5 E -(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 316.8 S -(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 333.6 S .856(hell v) +-3.556 F(mand)144 628.8 Q 32.5<8374>108 645.6 S(he current w)-32.5 E +(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 662.4 S +(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 679.2 S .857(hell v) -32.5 F .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 345.6 Q(vironment) --.4 E 32.5<8374>108 362.4 S .307 -(raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .306 -(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 374.4 Q -2.5(Ac)108 391.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 691.2 Q(vironment) +-.4 E 32.5<8374>108 708 S .306 +(raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .307 +(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 +(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 720 Q +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(32)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 33 33 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 2.5(Ac)108 84 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di) +.1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 408 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) -.2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 420 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 -F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 -(vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.358(reset to the v)108 432 R .358 +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 100.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 112.8 S .244(ubshell en) +-2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 +(vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F +.359(reset to the v)108 124.8 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 444 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 -(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 456 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 -(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -472.8 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 136.8 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 +(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 148.8 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G +-.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +165.6 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F1<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 484.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,) -2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 501.6 R -.405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) -2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 -513.6 R F3(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197 -(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G .198 -(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 525.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 542.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 554.4 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) --4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 -(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F3(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 566.4 Q -F0<ad>A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F3 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.485(The shell pro)108 583.2 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 595.2 Q .144(viron\ -ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F -2.703(cesses. Ex)108 607.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F -2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 619.2 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 631.2 Q .64 +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent) +3.876 F 2.5(shell. When)108 177.6 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65> +2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 +194.4 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405 +(and job control is not acti)2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405 +(he def)-2.905 F .405(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198 +(is the empty \214le)108 206.4 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198 +(.O)C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc) +.1 G .197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) +-2.698 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 218.4 Q/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 235.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353 +(When a program is in)108 247.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G +4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na) +.25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en) +4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354 +(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 259.2 Q F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0 +(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2(value)A F0(.).18 E +1.486(The shell pro)108 276 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486 +(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985(vironment. On) +-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F +(wn)-.25 E(en)108 288 Q .144(vironment and creates a parameter for each\ + name found, automatically marking it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port) +.2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F 2.704(cesses. Ex)108 300 R .203 +(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1 +(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x) +-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E +1.153(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 312 +R 3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 324 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 643.2 -R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 -(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 -(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 655.2 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 -(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 -E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 -(dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar) -108 667.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 -684 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .563(simple command)3.403 -F F0 .562 +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 336 R +3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58(cuted command consists of the shell') +.15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F +.58(alues may be)-.25 F .301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 348 R +2.801(yp)-.15 G .301(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G +2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he)-2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an) +2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and) +2.8 E F1(declar)108 360 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E +.562(The en)108 376.8 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .562 +(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 696 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .203(fect only the) --.25 F(en)108 708 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 -724.8 R F1<ad6b>3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 -E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F3 -(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(31)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 32 32 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(the en)108 84 Q +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 388.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 400.8 Q +(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 417.6 R F1<ad6b> +3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 +.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 429.6 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.396 E F0(in)3.396 E --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.396(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.396 G .897 -(xternal command, the v)-3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 -(is set to the full \214le name of the command and)3.397 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 112.8 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 129.6 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151 -(The e)108 141.6 R .151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .15(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 153.6 R .347 -(statuses f)2.847 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347 -(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 -F .348(alues abo)-.25 F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 -165.6 Q 5.674(.E)-.65 G .674(xit statuses from shell b)-5.674 F .673 +-.4 E(When)108 446.4 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) +-3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 +(is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F +(passed to that command in its en)108 458.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 +(EXIT ST)72 475.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 487.2 R +.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) +.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 +(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 +(tion. Exit)108 499.2 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 +(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 511.2 Q 5.673(.E)-.65 G +.673(xit statuses from shell b)-5.673 F .673 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under)-.2 -F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 177.6 Q +F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 523.2 Q (alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)108 -194.4 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 -(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 -(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873(xit status of) --.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 206.4 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 -(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 218.4 Q F3(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F3(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .404 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 235.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 247.2 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 264 Q -(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E(xpansion or redirection, the e) --.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.)-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 280.8 R -.081(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F3(true)A F0 2.581 -(\)i)C 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F3 -(false)A F0 2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08 -(rror occurs while)-2.58 F(the)108 292.8 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G -2.5(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E -(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 309.6 Q -F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 321.6 +540 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 +(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 +(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) +-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 552 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 +(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 564 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E +(xit status.)-.15 E .405 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 580.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 592.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 609.6 +Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E +(xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 626.4 R .08 +(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) +-2.581 F(the)108 638.4 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 +F -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E +(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 655.2 Q +F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 667.2 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2 -(SIGN)72 338.4 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 350.4 Q F1(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 -(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G -.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) --3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F -F1 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 -362.4 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E -F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 --.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,) -5.458 F F1(bash)108 374.4 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) --.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 391.2 -Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 --.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 -403.2 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 415.2 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 427.2 Q F4 -(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 444 R 2.045(xits by def) --.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F0 -2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 456 Q F0 1.005 -(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent) -6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr) --.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 468 Q -F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p)5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shel\ +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 +(SIGN)72 684 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 696 Q F1(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 +(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G +.682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F F4(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .683(kill 0) +3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 708 Q .758 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,)5.457 F +F1(bash)108 720 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 +(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 +E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 +E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2) +141.79 E(33)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 34 34 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(Non-b)108 84 Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065 +(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 96 +R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGINT) +3.247 E F0(and)2.997 E F2(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 +F .652(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 108 R .653 +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 120 Q F2 +(SIGTTIN)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3 +(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 +136.8 R 2.046(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F2 +(SIGHUP)4.545 E F3(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045 +(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045 +(hell resends the).15 F F2(SIGHUP)108 148.8 Q F0 1.004 +(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent) +6.004 F F2(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr) +-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F2(SIGHUP)108 160.8 +Q F3(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shel\ l from sending the signal to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357 -(jobs table with the)108 480 R F1(diso)3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 -G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E 1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356 -(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4(SIGHUP)108 492 Q F0(using)2.25 -E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 508.8 R F1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G .929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356 +(jobs table with the)108 172.8 R F1(diso)3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F2 1.356(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E 1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357 +(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(SIGHUP)108 184.8 Q F0(using) +2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 201.6 R F1 (huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1 -(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP) +(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F2(SIGHUP) 2.666 E F0 .166(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(login shell e)108 520.8 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 537.6 Q F1(bash)3.047 E -F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 +(login shell e)108 213.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 230.4 Q F1(bash)3.046 E +F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546 -(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)-3.046 F .662 -(will not be e)108 549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)-3.046 F .663 +(will not be e)108 242.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 561.6 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +(via the)108 254.4 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 573.6 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 266.4 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(JOB CONTR)72 590.4 Q(OL)-.329 E F3 -.25 -(Jo)108 602.4 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 -(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F3(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 614.4 Q -F3 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 +283.2 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 295.2 S 4.568(bc) +.25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068(refers to the ability to selecti) +5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t) +C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.067 +(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 307.2 Q F5 -.37(re)C +(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 626.4 Q(ernel')-.1 +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) +-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 319.2 Q(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 643.2 R F3(job) -5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 655.2 R F1 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F1(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F3(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 667.2 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 684 Q .241(indicating that this job is job num\ -ber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline assoc\ -iated)108 700.8 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 712.8 R .732 +F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 336 R F5(job)5.025 +E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784 +(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 348 R F1(jobs) +2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F1(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F5(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 360 Q +(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 376.8 Q .241(indicating that this job is job nu\ +mber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline asso\ +ciated)108 393.6 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 405.6 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 724.8 Q F3(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E(GNU Bash-4.2) -72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(32)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 33 33 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 3.062 -.8(To f)108 84 T 1.462 -(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F 1.463 -(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F .871 -(notion of a)108 96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(curr)3.371 E .871 -(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871 -(.M)C .87(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 -F .023 +5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 417.6 Q F5(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8 +(To f)108 434.4 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +.7 F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F +.87(notion of a)108 446.4 R F5(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 +(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -108 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E -(INT)108 120 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.347 -(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F1(for)3.846 E -.4(eg) --.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.926 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) --.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 F .145 -(group ID dif)108 132 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 144 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 -(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F4 10 -/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 156 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F4 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 168 R F2 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F(OU\)) --.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 G -.717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 180 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 196.8 R/F5 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F5(bash) -3.588 E F0 1.088(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 -(Ty)108 208.8 S .302(ping the).8 F F1(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302 -(character \(typically)3.572 F F5(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +458.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 470.4 Q +F3(.)A F0 1.346(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F5(for) +3.847 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.927 E +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 +F .146(group ID dif)108 482.4 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 +(ground processes are allo)108 494.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F +2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 +10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 506.4 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F +.717(terminal are sent a)108 518.4 R F2 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 +G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 530.4 Q 1.088 +(If the operating system on which)108 547.2 R F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087 +(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 559.2 S +.301(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically) +3.571 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 220.8 R F5(bash)4.642 E F0 -7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F1 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F5(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 571.2 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 +7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 +2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F1(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -232.8 R(to)108 244.8 Q F5(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +583.2 R(to)108 595.2 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F5(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 256.8 R F5(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 -(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F5(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F5(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 268.8 Q .948(fect immediately) --.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 +F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 +(background, the)108 607.2 R F1(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 +(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F +F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F1(^Z) +3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 619.2 Q .949(fect immediately) +-.25 F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 280.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 297.6 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F5 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 309.6 -Q F1(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F1(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F5(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +108 631.2 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 648 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 660 Q +F5(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F5(n)3.818 E F0 .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 321.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F5(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 333.6 Q F5(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 -E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 -(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F5(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 -(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F5(%?ce)3.463 E -F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 -(hand, refers to an)108 345.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 -(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F5(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 +108 672 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E F0 +.59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 684 Q F1(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 E +5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963 +(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 +(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E +F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 +(hand, refers to an)108 696 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 357.6 Q F5 -(bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 -(he symbols)-5.018 F F5(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F5(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 708 Q F1(bash) +2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 +(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F -F1(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 369.6 R .495 +F5(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) +-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 720 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.494 E F1(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 381.6 R F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 -5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F5 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 393.6 R F5 +(The)5.495 E F5(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495 +(may be)3.225 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(34)190.95 +E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 35 35 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .788(referenced using)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<25ad>3.288 E +F0 5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F +F1(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E +.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 96 R F1 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F5(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 405.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F5<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 -(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 +-.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 +(and the pre)108 108 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.911 E F0 +5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 417.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 434.4 R -(ground:)-.15 E F5(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F5 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -446.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F5 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 458.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F5 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 475.2 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 487.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G -.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F5<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 499.2 Q F5(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G -1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F5(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451 -(reports such changes immediately)3.952 F 6.451(.A)-.65 G 1.751 -.15 -(ny t)-6.451 H 1.451(rap on).15 F F2(SIGCHLD)3.951 E F0(is)3.701 E -.15 -(exe)108 511.2 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .032 -(If an attempt to e)108 528 R(xit)-.15 E F5(bash)2.532 E F0 .032 -(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft) --2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F5(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 540 R F5 -(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F5(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 -(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -552 R(The)5.458 E F5(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 564 R .604 +(rent job)108 120 Q(.)-.4 E .443 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 136.8 R +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C +(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +148.8 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F +(equi)108 160.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 177.6 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) +5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 189.6 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G +.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 +(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F1<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 201.6 Q F1(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G +1.451(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452 +(reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15 +(ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)3.952 E +F0(is)3.702 E -.15(exe)108 213.6 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E +(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 230.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash) +2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 +G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 242.4 R F1 +(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 +(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +254.4 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) +5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 266.4 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 576 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F6 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 592.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 -604.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 -E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F -F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826 -(and the secondary prompt)108 616.8 R F2(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F5(Bash)6.825 E -F0(allo)4.325 E 1.825(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ +(and an)108 278.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F3 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 295.2 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 +307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 +E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F +F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825 +(and the secondary prompt)108 319.2 R F2(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F1(Bash)6.826 E +F0(allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\ - are)108 628.8 R(decoded as follo)108 640.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F5(\\a)144 -652.8 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F5(\\d)144 664.8 Q F0 + are)108 331.2 R(decoded as follo)108 343.2 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 +355.2 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F1(\\d)144 367.2 Q F0 (the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F5(\\D{)144 676.8 Q F1(format)A F5(})A F0(the)180 -688.8 Q F1(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F1(strftime) -3.927 E F0 1.427 +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 379.2 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format) +A F1(})A F0(the)180 391.2 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to) +3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -700.8 Q F1(format)2.5 E F0 +403.2 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F5(\\e)144 712.8 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(33)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 34 34 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\h)144 84 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 96 Q F0 -(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 108 Q F0 +(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 415.2 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F1(\\h)144 427.2 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 439.2 Q F0 +(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 451.2 Q F0 (the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F1(\\l)144 -120 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) --2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 132 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 144 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 156 Q F0 +463.2 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 475.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1 +(\\r)144 487.2 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 499.2 Q F0 (the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F1($0)2.5 E F0 (\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 -168 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)144 -180 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1(\\@)144 -192 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1(\\A)144 204 -Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u)144 216 Q F0 -(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 228 Q F0(the v) -28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V) -144 240 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C -(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\)) --2.5 E F1(\\w)144 252 Q F0 .115(the current w)26 F .115 -(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) --.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 264 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 -E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 276 Q F0 +511.2 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T) +144 523.2 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1 +(\\@)144 535.2 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1 +(\\A)144 547.2 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1 +(\\u)144 559.2 Q F0(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 +571.2 Q F0(the v)28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 583.2 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash) +2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G +(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 595.2 Q F0 .116(the current w)26 F +.116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E F2($HOME)2.616 +E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115 +(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 607.2 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 +-.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 619.2 Q F0 (the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w) -.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) --.25 E F1(\\!)144 288 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1 -(\\#)144 300 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 -312 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a) -.15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 324 Q -/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F1 -(\\\\)144 336 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 348 Q F0 -(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which coul\ -d be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) -180 360 Q F1(\\])144 372 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) -29.89 E .119(The command number and the history number are usually dif) -108 388.8 R .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F -1.585(position in the history list, which may include commands restored\ - from the history \214le \(see)108 400.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)108 412.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the p\ -osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 424.8 R +-.25 E F1(\\!)144 631.2 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E +F1(\\#)144 643.2 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$) +144 655.2 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H +(ID is 0, a).15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E +(\\)144 667.2 Q F4(nnn)A F0 +(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F4(nnn)2.5 E F1 +(\\\\)144 679.2 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 691.2 Q +F0(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which co\ +uld be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) +180 703.2 Q F1(\\])144 715.2 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)29.89 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(35)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 36 36 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .12(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 +84 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(p\ +osition in the history list, which may include commands restored from t\ +he history \214le \(see)108 96 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.085 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 108 Q .541(w\), while the command number \ +is the position in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 120 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 436.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F --.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 448.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E -F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 465.6 Q F0 .151 +.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 132 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351 +(shell option \(see the)2.852 F(description of the)108 144 Q F2(shopt) +2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F1(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 +160.8 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 477.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 489.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F1<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209 -(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G -3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 501.6 Q .851 +108 172.8 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F2 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 184.8 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F2<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208 +(option to the)3.708 F F2 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G +3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 196.8 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 513.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 208.8 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) --3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 -.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 525.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +-3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 +.85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E +(\(see)108 220.8 Q F1 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E -(emacs)108 537.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 554.4 Q +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.263 E +(emacs)108 232.8 Q F0(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 249.6 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 566.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 578.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) --.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 590.4 S .83 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 -(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 -(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H -.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 602.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) --3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 614.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 631.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 643.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +108 261.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 +(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 273.6 R +(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 +(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653 +(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke) +108 285.6 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke) +3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F +F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 +-.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65 +(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 297.6 R F4 .599 +(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599 +(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599 +(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G +.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F +(the Control k)108 309.6 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4 +(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .62 +(Readline commands may be gi)108 326.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G +(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619 +(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho)108 +338.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 655.2 R 1.018 -(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 667.2 Q +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 350.4 R 1.018 +(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F2(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 362.4 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 684 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 379.2 R F4 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 696 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F -.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 391.2 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 708 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 -(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 403.2 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F +.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 720 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(34)185.955 E -0 Cg EP -%%Page: 35 35 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Initialization)87 84 Q F0 .091(Re\ -adline is customized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(\ -the)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591 -(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 -108 R .196(en from the v)-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196 -(that v)2.696 F .196(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F -F2(~/.inputr)2.696 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F -1.034(program which uses the readline library starts up, the initializa\ -tion \214le is read, and the k)108 120 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035 -(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 132 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15 -(There are only a fe)6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo) --3.649 F 1.149(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank) -6.149 E .736(lines are ignored.)108 144 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 156 R -(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 172.8 R .987(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) -3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 184.8 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 201.6 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 230.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 254.4 -Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G -(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2 -(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) -108 271.2 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F -F2 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2 -(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 -(,).73 E F2(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 283.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2 -(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G -(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 300 R .209(ws k)-.25 F +108 415.2 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 432 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ +tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 444 R +F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 456 R .196(en from the v) +-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F1(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G +2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.696 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ +nd the k)108 468 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 480 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) +6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 +(lines are ignored.)108 492 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a) +-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737(Lines be)5.737 F +.737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .736(indicate conditional) +3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 504 R(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def) +108 520.8 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 +(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr)3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 +3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987(programs that use this library may) +3.487 F(add their o)108 532.8 Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15 +(Fo)108 549.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)-2.65 E +(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 566.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E +(gument)-.18 E(or)108 578.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 590.4 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 602.4 Q F4(inputr) +2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e) +-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4(univer)2.5 E +(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo)108 619.2 R +1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F4 -.4(RU) +3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F4(ESC)3.761 E +F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 E F4 +(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108 631.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4(SPC)2.5 E F0 +(,).72 E F4(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F4 +-.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 648 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 312 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 -(Readline K)87 328.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 340.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 660 Q F4(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2 +(Readline K)87 676.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 688.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F F4(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .383(command or the te)108 352.8 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .382(command or the te)108 700.8 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 (equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853 -(\214ed in one of tw)108 364.8 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 +(\214ed in one of tw)108 712.8 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 -(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F2(Contr) +(ame, possibly with).15 F F4(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F4(Contr) 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 376.8 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 393.6 R F1 --.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 -E F2(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 -(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in) -.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 405.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E -(Control-u: uni)144 429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 -E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 441.6 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 453.6 Q .698(In the abo)108 470.4 R .998 -.15 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2) +141.79 E(36)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 37 37 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 1.541(When using the form)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(ke) +4.041 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function\255name).833 +E F0(or)4.041 E F2(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname) +-.2 E F0 1.542(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.842 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.542 +(pelled out in).15 F 2.5(English. F)108 96 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E +(Control-u: uni)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 132 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 144 Q .699(In the abo)108 160.8 R .998 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 (is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 482.4 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 -(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 172.8 Q F1 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F2 +(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -494.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 511.2 R F1("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 523.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +184.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 201.6 R F1("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 +(denoting an entire k)108 213.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 535.2 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 547.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 571.2 Q -.15(ve) +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 225.6 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(are not recognized.)108 237.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 261.6 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 583.2 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 612 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 273.6 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 285.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 302.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 624 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G<ad72> -.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(ESC [ 1 1 ~) -3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4(Function Key 1) -2.5 E F0(.)A(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 -640.8 Q F1<5c43ad>144 652.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F1<5c4dad>144 -664.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F1(\\e)144 676.8 Q F0 -(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\\\)144 688.8 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 -(\\")144 700.8 Q F0(literal ")27.67 E F1<5c08>144 712.8 Q F0 -(literal \010)30.44 E(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequenc\ -es, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 729.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable:).25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(35) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 36 36 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1 -(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\d)144 108 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1 -(\\f)144 120 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 132 Q F0(ne)27.66 E -(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 144 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 156 -Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 168 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 314.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 +(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 +(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 331.2 Q F1 +<5c43ad>144 343.2 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F1<5c4dad>144 355.2 Q F0 +(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F1(\\e)144 367.2 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E +F1(\\\\)144 379.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\")144 391.2 Q F0 +(literal ")27.67 E F1<5c08>144 403.2 Q F0(literal \010)30.44 E(In addit\ +ion to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash \ +escapes is a)108 420 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 432 Q F0 +(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 444 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\d)144 +456 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1(\\f)144 468 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 +480 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 492 Q F0(carriage return) +28.78 E F1(\\t)144 504 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 516 Q F0 +-.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 528 Q F2(nnn)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 -192 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he) +540 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he) -.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E -2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 -(When entering the te)108 208.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ - quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 -(Unquoted te)108 220.8 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F -.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 -(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 -232.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 +(When entering the te)108 556.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ + quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 +(Unquoted te)108 568.8 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 +F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 +580.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F1(Bash)108 249.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 -F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 261.6 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 273.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +F1(Bash)108 597.6 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F +.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) +.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 609.6 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 621.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 290.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 302.4 +(Readline V)87 638.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 650.4 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 314.4 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 331.2 Q F2 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 662.4 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 679.2 Q F2 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 -348 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) +696 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) -.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v) -108 360 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F -.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v) +108 708 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F +.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 720 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -384 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 400.8 Q F0 .01 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 412.8 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 424.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 436.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 448.8 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 460.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 472.8 Q -.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 +(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(37)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 38 38 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E -.25(va)108 84 S(lues are:).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bell\255style \(audible\))108 100.8 Q F0 .011 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 112.8 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 +E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 +(rings the bell.)144 124.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 136.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 148.8 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 160.8 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 172.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 484.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 496.8 R -F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 508.8 Q F1 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(color)108 184.8 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.579(If set to)144 196.8 R F1(On)4.079 E F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579 +(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.079 F 1.58 +(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 208.8 R +(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)-.25 +E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(comment\255begin \(`)108 220.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .885 +(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 232.8 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 244.8 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 520.8 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 532.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 256.8 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 268.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr) -108 544.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ +108 280.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\ - that is displayed)144 556.8 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 568.8 R + that is displayed)144 292.8 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 304.8 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 (alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 580.8 S(lue are replaced with a\ +(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 316.8 S(lue are replaced with a\ n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 592.8 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 604.8 R .53 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 328.8 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 340.8 R .53 (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 616.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) +144 352.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) 3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56 (ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 -628.8 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ -qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 640.8 S .237 +364.8 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ +qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 376.8 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 652.8 Q F1(con)108 -664.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 676.8 +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 388.8 Q F1(con)108 +400.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 412.8 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 688.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 -F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 700.8 Q F0(\).)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(36)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 37 37 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 -.038(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038 -(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 +144 424.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF .541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 436.8 Q F0(\).)A F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 448.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 460.8 R +F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 108 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 120 Q F0 .142 -(Controls whether readline be)144 132 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(Emacs)2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) -5.141 E F0(can be set to either)144 144 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 156 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 -E F0 1.21(When set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 -G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +144 472.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 484.8 Q F0 .142 +(Controls whether readline be)144 496.8 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 +F .441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 +(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 508.8 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 520.8 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 +1.21(When set to)144 532.8 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 180 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 192 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 -(When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 544.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 +G(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 556.8 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +(When set to)144 568.8 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 216 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 228 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 240 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 580.8 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey) +-2.6 G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 592.8 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 +.64(When set to)144 604.8 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 252 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 616.8 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 264 Q F0(If set to)144 276 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 288 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 300 R F1(On) -3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 312 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G -(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(0\))108 324 Q F0 .462 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 336 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .463 -(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F -(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 348 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 360 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 372 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 628.8 Q F0(If set to)144 640.8 Q F1(On)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E +(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)-.15 E(ord completion.) +-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 652.8 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 664.8 R F1(On)3.839 E F0 +3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at the same lo\ +cation on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 676.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0 +(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(0\))108 +688.8 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 700.8 R +-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.) +-3.448 F .949(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 +E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 712.8 R 2.983(we)-.25 G +.483(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482 +(set to a v)2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 724.8 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, the number of history entries is not limited.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.3) +72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(38)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 39 39 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(horizontal\255scr)108 84 Q +(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448(When set to)144 96 R F1(On)2.948 E +F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 384 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 396 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 408 -Q F0 .228(If set to)144 420 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \ + ne)144 108 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 120 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 132 +Q F0 .227(If set to)144 144 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \ will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ -rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 432 R -.05 +rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 156 R -.05 (ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 F -(synon)144 444 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 456 Q +.956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F +(synon)144 168 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 180 Q (ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\ -thout subsequently e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934 -(ing the character as a command.)144 480 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 -(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 492 Q F2 -(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 504 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 -516 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 528 R F0 2.568(,a)C -(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 -(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 540 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +thout subsequently e)144 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 +(ing the character as a command.)144 204 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 +(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.434 E F0 +(and)144 216 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.) +2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 228 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02 +(Set the current readline k)144 240 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F +2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 +(map names is).15 F F2 2.021(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E +.069(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 252 R F0 2.568 +(,a)C(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 +.068(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) +2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 264 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 552 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 564 Q -(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 576 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 276 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 288 S +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 300 R +F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 312 R +1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) +-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) +-.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 324 R .62 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 336 R .907 +(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 +(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 +(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 348 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +.37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 +F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 360 R(alue,)-.25 +E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 +(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 372 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 384 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 396 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 588 Q F0(If set to)144 -600 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 408 Q F0(If set to)144 +420 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 612 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 624 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 432 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 636 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 456 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 648 Q F0 .193(This v)144 660 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 672 R .456 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 468 Q F0 .192(This v)144 480 R +.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 492 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 684 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 696 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 708 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 504 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 516 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.585(If set to)144 528 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 720 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) -135.965 E(37)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 38 38 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(output\255meta \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .506 -(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will displ\ -ay characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-) --3.006 F(pre\214x)144 108 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 120 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 132 R F1(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 540 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 552 Q F0 +.507(If set to)144 564 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 576 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 588 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 600 R F1(On) +3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) +3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 144 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 1.318 -(If set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 -F(order)144 180 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 192 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .699(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 +(tions at a time.)144 612 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 624 Q F0 1.319 +(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 +F(order)144 648 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 660 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .698(If set to)144 672 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 216 S +-3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 684 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 228 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 240 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .304(This alters the def)144 252 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 264 R(bell.)144 276 Q F1 -(sho)108 288 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 300 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 312 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C -4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 696 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(39)190.95 E +0 Cg EP +%%Page: 40 40 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 84 Q +(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .303(This alters the def) +144 96 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 +F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On)2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha) +-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible complet\ +ion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the) +144 108 R(bell.)144 120 Q F1(sho)108 132 Q +(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 144 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 156 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 324 R 3.54 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 168 R 3.539 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 336 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 360 R +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 180 Q F1 +(sho)108 192 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.019 +(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 +(dd a character to the be)-3.519 F 1.018 +(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F +(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 216 Q F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 228 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 (ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 372 Q +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 252 Q 2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 (hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 384 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 396 Q +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 264 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 276 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 408 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 420 R F1(On) +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 300 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 -(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 -(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 432 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 448.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 460.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B +(when listing possible completions.)144 312 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 328.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 340.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 472.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(which allo)108 352.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 501.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.962 E +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 381.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.962 E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on the\ editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 -(or the application using readline.)144 513.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(or the application using readline.)144 393.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 525.6 Q F1(mode)144 542.4 Q F0(The) +(are required to isolate it.)144 405.6 Q F1(mode)144 422.4 Q F0(The) 12.67 E F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. This)180 554.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +(mode. This)180 434.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) -3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 566.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 446.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E (d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 -(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 578.4 -Q F1(term)144 595.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 458.4 +Q F1(term)144 475.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 607.2 R +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 487.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 619.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 499.2 Q F1(=)3.232 E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -631.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +511.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 648 Q F0(The)180 660 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 528 Q F0(The)180 540 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -672 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +552 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -684 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +564 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 696 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(ci\214c program.)180 576 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 708 Q -(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(38)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 39 39 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 588 Q +(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 612 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 624 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 +E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 636 Q F1($endif)180 648 Q +($endif)108 664.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e) +-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +($else)108 681.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 +E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 698.4 Q F0 .356 +(This directi)144 710.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) +144 722.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(40)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($if)180 84 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 96 S -(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 108 Q F1($endif)180 120 Q($endif)108 -136.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e)-.25 E -(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1($else) -108 153.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 -(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 170.4 Q F0 .356 -(This directi)144 182.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 -(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 194.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 --.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 -E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 218.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 -E F1(Sear)87 235.2 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 247.2 R .835 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($include)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 100.8 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835 +(Readline pro)108 112.8 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 259.2 Q +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 124.8 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 276 R .697 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 141.6 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 288 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 153.6 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 300 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 -(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 -(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) -108 312 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 165.6 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F +5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 +(acters present in the v)108 177.6 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 324 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 189.6 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 336 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ -l search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096(When the search is) -5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ -mes the current line.)108 348 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 364.8 T 1.339(nd \ -other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ - as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 -376.8 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F -.674(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E -5.674(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 388.8 R .474 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .174 +F .097(mental search.)108 201.6 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 +(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 213.6 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) +108 230.4 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 +(search backw)108 242.4 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 254.4 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 400.8 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +.541(instance, a)108 266.4 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 (will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 412.8 -Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 429.6 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 278.4 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 295.2 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) -3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 441.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 307.2 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 458.4 R(The searc\ -h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 470.4 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 487.2 Q F0 1.391 -(The follo)108 499.2 R 1.391 +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 324 R(The search \ +string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the curre\ +nt line.)108 336 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 352.8 Q F0 1.391 +(The follo)108 364.8 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 511.2 R .122 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 376.8 R .122 (names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 523.2 Q F2(point)3.41 E +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 388.8 Q F2(point)3.41 E F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 535.2 Q F0 2.5 +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 400.8 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 552 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E -(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 564 Q F0(Mo)144 576 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 588 Q F0(Mo)144 600 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 612 S -(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 624 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 -636 Q F0(Mo)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E -F1 -.25(fo)108 660 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 672 -Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 -(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 684 Q F1(backward\255w)108 696 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) --.1 E F0(Mo)144 708 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 417.6 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 429.6 Q F0(Mo)144 441.6 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 453.6 Q F0(Mo)144 465.6 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 +477.6 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 489.6 Q .3 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 501.6 Q F0(Mo)144 513.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b) +-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 525.6 S(rward\255w) +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 537.6 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) +-.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 549.6 Q F1(backward\255w)108 561.6 Q +(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 573.6 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 720 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(39)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 40 40 +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 585.6 Q F1(shell\255f)108 597.6 +Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 609.6 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 +(ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) +-.8 F(ters.)144 621.6 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 633.6 Q(ord)-.1 E +F0(Mo)144 645.6 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 +(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 +(ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F +(metacharacters.)144 657.6 Q F1(clear\255scr)108 669.6 Q(een \(C\255l\)) +-.18 E F0 .993(Clear the screen lea)144 681.6 R .993 +(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G +.993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 693.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 +705.6 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 +(Refresh the current line.)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(41)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shell\255f)108 84 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord) --.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .484 -(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W)-.1 F .484 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F(ters.)144 108 -Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 132 Q .908 --.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609 -(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 144 Q -F1(clear\255scr)108 156 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 168 R .993 -(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G -.993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 180 Q F1 -.18(re)108 192 -S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -204 Q F1(Commands f)87 220.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 232.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 -(Accept the line re)144 244.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Commands f)87 84 Q +(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 +96 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 108 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) 5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 256.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F -.699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 268.8 Q F1(pr)108 -280.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 292.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 304.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 316.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 -E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 328.8 Q F0(Mo)144 340.8 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 352.8 Q F0(Mo)144 364.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 376.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.47(Search backw)144 388.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 -(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 400.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 412.8 S +(according to the state of the)144 120 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR) +3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 +(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 132 Q F1(pr)108 144 +Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0(Fetch the pre)144 +156 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 E +(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 168 Q +F0(Fetch the ne)144 180 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E +(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 192 Q F0(Mo)144 204 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E +F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 216 Q F0(Mo)144 228 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 +G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 +240 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 +(Search backw)144 252 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +(This is an incremental search.)144 264 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 276 S (rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 424.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 436.8 Q F1 -(non\255incr)108 448.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) -144 460.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ -sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 472.8 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 484.8 Q -(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 496.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ -a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 -508.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 520.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 532.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ - the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 544.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 556.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) -144 568.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ -etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 580.8 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 592.8 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 -604.8 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 +(Search forw)144 288 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 +F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 +F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 300 Q F1(non\255incr)108 +312 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E +(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)144 324 R .164(ar\ +d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ +tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 336 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E +(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 348 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) +-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 360 R +1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ +ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 372 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 +384 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 396 R .249(a\ +rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ +f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 408 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 420 Q +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 432 R .951(ard through \ +the history for the string of characters between the start of the curre\ +nt)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 444 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 456 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 468 +R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 616.8 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 480 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 628.8 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 492 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 (ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 640.8 R .282(vious command.) +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 504 R .282(vious command.) -.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 (is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 652.8 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 664.8 Q +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 516 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 528 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 676.8 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 540 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 (vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 688.8 S .204(th a numeric ar) -.4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F -(e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi) --5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar) -2.703 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 700.8 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 552 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 +F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 +E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 564 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 712.8 R(An)6.396 E +1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 576 R(An)6.396 E 3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 (gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 724.8 R .791 -.15(ve t) --.15 H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 -(ument switches the direction).18 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(40)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 41 41 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .494(through the history \(back or forw)144 84 R 2.994 -(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 -(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F(ar)144 96 Q -(gument, as if the "!$" history e)-.18 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 -108 Q F0 .622(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 120 R .622 +.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 588 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 +H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 +(ument switches the direction).18 F .494 +(through the history \(back or forw)144 600 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +.494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 +(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 +612 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 624 Q F0 .622 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 636 R .622 (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 132 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 -(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 -(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 648 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansions. See)-.15 F F2(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 +E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 144 Q F0 .939 -(Perform history e)144 156 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 660 Q F0 .939 +(Perform history e)144 672 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 168 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 180 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 192 R 1.626 +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 684 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 696 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 708 R 1.626 (xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F2 (HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 204 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 216 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 228 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 240 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 252 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 264 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 276 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 288 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +(belo)144 720 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(42) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 43 43 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias\255expand\255line)108 84 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 96 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F(See) +5.395 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15 +(ve f)-.15 H .394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.) +144 108 Q F1(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 120 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 132 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 144 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 156 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 300 Q F0 .947 -(Accept the current line for e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 168 Q F0 .947 +(Accept the current line for e)144 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F -(history for editing.)144 324 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(history for editing.)144 192 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G (ument is ignored.).18 E F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 336 Q F0(In)144 -348 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 204 Q F0(In)144 +216 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 360 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) +(attempts to in)144 228 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) -.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0 (and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 -376.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 -388.8 Q F0 .357(Delete the character at point.)144 400.8 R .358 -(If point is at the be)5.358 F .358 -(ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F -(line, and the last character typed w)144 412.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.) -A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 424.8 Q F0 .553 -(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 436.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 -(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F -.552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552(he deleted te).15 F -.552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 448.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 460.8 S -(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 472.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +244.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 256.8 +Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 268.8 R .799 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 +(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 280.8 R +.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +(as the end of input and returns)144 292.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 304.8 Q F0 .441 +(Delete the character at point.)144 316.8 R .442 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 328.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +-2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) +108 340.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 352.8 R +5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 364.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 376.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 388.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 484.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 496.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 -508.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 400.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 412.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +424.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 -(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 520.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 532.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 544.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 556.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 568.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 580.8 Q F0 .321 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 592.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 436.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 448.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 460.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 472.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 484.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 496.8 Q F0 .321 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 508.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 (ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -604.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 616.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E +520.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 532.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 628.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -640.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +(transpose\255w)108 544.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +556.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) -2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 652.8 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 664.8 Q +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 568.8 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 580.8 Q (ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 -676.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F +592.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 688.8 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 700.8 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 712.8 Q 1.647 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 604.8 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 616.8 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 628.8 Q 1.647 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 724.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) -135.965 E(41)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 42 42 +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 640.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 652.8 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 +664.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 676.8 S(rd, b) +.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 +688.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 700.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 712.8 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 724.8 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) +4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F(GNU Bash 4.3) +72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(43)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(capitalize\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 -E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 96 R 1.974(wing\) w) --.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974(ument, capitalize the pre).18 -F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 108 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15 -(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 120 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8 -(To)144 132 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F --.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15 -(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)144 144 S .781(th an e).4 F -.781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 -F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 -F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 156 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) -4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 168 R -.15(ove)3.969 G -1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 180 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 -(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 192 Q -(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -208.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 220.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 232.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 244.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 256.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 268.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 280.8 +-.35 E 3.969(mode. In)144 84 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469 +(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468 +(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957(pushing the te)144 96 R .957 +(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1 +(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 .958(replace the character)3.458 +F(before point with a space.)144 108 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 124.8 Q +(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 136.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 +148.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 160.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 172.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 184.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 196.8 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 292.8 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 208.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -304.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 316.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 328.8 R .728 +220.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 232.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 244.8 R .728 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 340.8 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 256.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 352.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 364.8 Q(ord behind point.) +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 268.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 280.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 376.8 Q +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 292.8 Q (ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 388.8 R .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 304.8 R .729 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 400.8 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 316.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 412.8 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 424.8 R +108 328.8 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 340.8 R 3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 436.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 448.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 460.8 R .364 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 352.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 364.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 376.8 R .364 (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -472.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 484.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) -144 496.8 R .166 +388.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 400.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) +144 412.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 508.8 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 424.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 520.8 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 532.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 -544.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 556.8 Q(xt in the current re) --.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 568.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E -F0(Cop)144 580.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 436.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 448.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +460.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 472.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 484.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E +F0(Cop)144 496.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 592.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 604.8 Q 4.8(yt) +(copy\255backward\255w)108 508.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 520.8 Q 4.8(yt) -.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E (fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 (ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 -616.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 628.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E -(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 640.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008 +532.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 544.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E +(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 556.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008 (ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 (ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G -(ward\255w)144 652.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 664.8 Q -F0 -1(Ya)144 676.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 688.8 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 700.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +(ward\255w)144 568.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 580.8 Q +F0 -1(Ya)144 592.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 604.8 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 616.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(42)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 43 43 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Numeric Ar)87 84 Q(guments)-.1 E -(digit\255ar)108 96 Q(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 -.641(Add this digit to the ar)144 108 R .641 +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 633.6 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 645.6 Q +(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .641 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 657.6 R .641 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-3.141 G 3.142(ument. M\255\255).18 F .642(starts a ne)3.142 F(g-) --.15 E(ati)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 -(uni)108 132 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779 -(This is another w)144 144 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 +-.15 E(ati)144 669.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 +(uni)108 681.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779 +(This is another w)144 693.6 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 (gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -156 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -168 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +705.6 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +717.6 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 180 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 729.6 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 -(wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243 -(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 192 R .243 +(wed by a character that is)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(44)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 45 45 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .243(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 84 R .243 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F 5.242(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.242 E(ar)144 204 Q .378 +-.15 F 5.242(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.242 E(ar)144 96 Q .378 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F -.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 216 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) --2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1 -(Completing)87 232.8 Q(complete \(T)108 244.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 256.8 R 1.137 +.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 108 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) +-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Completing)87 124.8 Q(complete \(T)108 136.8 Q(AB\))-.9 +E F0 1.137(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 148.8 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 268.8 Q .532(xt as a v) +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 160.8 Q .532(xt as a v) -.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 280.8 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +144 172.8 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 292.8 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 304.8 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 316.8 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 328.8 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 340.8 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 184.8 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 196.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 208.8 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 220.8 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 232.8 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -352.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 364.8 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -376.8 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +244.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 256.8 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +268.8 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 388.8 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +1.193(possible completions.)144 280.8 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 400.8 R .828 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 292.8 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 412.8 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 304.8 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 424.8 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +(positions forw)144 316.8 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 436.8 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +E(through the list.)144 328.8 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) 5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 448.8 Q F0 .82 -(Identical to)144 460.8 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 340.8 Q F0 .82 +(Identical to)144 352.8 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 (ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 472.8 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(menu\255complete)144 364.8 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) .15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 484.8 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 496.8 R +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 376.8 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 388.8 R .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 508.8 R -.15 +2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 400.8 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 -(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 520.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 532.8 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 544.8 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 556.8 Q -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 568.8 Q +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 412.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 424.8 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 436.8 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 448.8 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 460.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 580.8 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 592.8 Q +(complete\255user)108 472.8 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 484.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 604.8 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 616.8 Q +108 496.8 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 508.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -628.8 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 -640.8 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1(possible\255v)108 652.8 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 664.8 Q +520.8 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 +532.8 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(possible\255v)108 544.8 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 556.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 676.8 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 688.8 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 568.8 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 580.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 700.8 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 712.8 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 -Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(43)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 44 44 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 84 Q F0 -.581(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 R .581 +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 592.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 604.8 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 616.8 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 628.8 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 108 R +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 640.8 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 652.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 132 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 144 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 664.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 676.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 156 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 168 R .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 688.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 700.8 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 180 Q F1(dab)108 192 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 204 R .611 +(for possible completion matches.)144 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(45)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 46 46 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dab)108 84 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G +(\255expand).15 E F0 .61(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 96 R .611 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 216 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 228 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 108 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 120 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 240 R(the list is a)144 252 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 132 R(the list is a)144 144 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 268.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 280.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 292.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 160.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 172.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 184.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 304.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 316.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 196.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 208.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 328.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 340.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 232.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) -.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 352.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(Miscellaneous)87 369.6 Q -.18(re)108 381.6 S<ad72>.18 E + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 244.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 256.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 268.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 +(Miscellaneous)87 285.6 Q -.18(re)108 297.6 S<ad72>.18 E (ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 393.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) --.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 405.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 417.6 Q F0 3.248 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 429.6 R +(Read in the contents of the)144 309.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 +(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +321.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 333.6 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 345.6 R 5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 441.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 453.6 Q +(bell\255style)144 357.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 369.6 Q (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 465.6 R F2(x) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 381.6 R F2(x) 4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F -(uppercase character)144 477.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 489.6 Q -(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 501.6 Q +(uppercase character)144 393.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 405.6 Q +(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 417.6 Q (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 513.6 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 525.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 537.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 549.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 +(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 429.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 441.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 453.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 465.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 561.6 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 573.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 585.6 Q +(return the line to its initial state.)144 477.6 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 489.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 501.6 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 597.6 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 609.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 513.6 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 525.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 621.6 Q F0(Sw) -144 633.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 537.6 Q F0(Sw) +144 549.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) -144 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 657.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 -669.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +144 561.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 573.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 +585.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 681.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 693.6 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 705.6 S 1.044 +144 597.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 609.6 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 621.6 S 1.044 (haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(44)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 45 45 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 633.6 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 645.6 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 657.6 R 2.126 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 669.6 R +.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 681.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G +2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15 +(ve n)-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F +(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ +ing stray characters into the editing b)144 693.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E +5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 705.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(46)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 84 Q F0 1.826 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 96 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 108 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 -(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 120 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) --.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ -y characters into the editing b)144 132 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) --.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 144 Q(ault, b)-.1 E -(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -156 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 168 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) --.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 --.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 180 Q .098 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 84 Q F0 +-.4(Wi)144 96 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)-.18 F +.481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va) +2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 108 Q .098 (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.098 F .097 (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.097 E -.321(the characters at the be)144 192 R .321 +.321(the characters at the be)144 120 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 204 R F1 +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 132 R F1 (comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 (ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 216 R 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 144 R 1.468 (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 228 Q F0 .84 +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 156 Q F0 .84 (causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 240 Q -.15 +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 168 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 252 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 264 R .791 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 180 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 192 R .791 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 276 -R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\ -ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 288 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .372(The w)144 300 R .372 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .371 -(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 312 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 204 +R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ +le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 216 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) +-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 228 R .176 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 +(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 240 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 324 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 336 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 348 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 252 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 264 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 276 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 360 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 288 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 372 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 384 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 396 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +(ex)144 300 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 312 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 324 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) 5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 408 Q +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 336 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 420 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 432 R 1.799 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 348 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 360 R 1.799 (ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 444 R .304 +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 372 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 456 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 468 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 480 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 384 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 396 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 408 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 492 Q +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 420 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 504 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 516 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 528 Q +(\214le.)144 432 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 444 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 456 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 544.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 -556.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 472.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +484.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 568.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +F2(compspec)108 496.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 (as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 580.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 508.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 597.6 R .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 525.6 R .497 (If the command w)5.497 F .498 (ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 -609.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +537.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) 2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) 5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 621.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 633.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 549.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 561.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F .822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 645.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 573.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 657.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 585.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 (If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0(option to) -108 669.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +108 597.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ - matching w)108 686.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 -(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 698.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) + matching w)108 614.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 626.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 715.2 R +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 643.2 R .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 727.2 R .595 +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 655.2 R .595 (When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(45)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 46 46 +(shell v)108 667.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 684 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G +1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 +(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 696 S +.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 708 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 724.8 Q +.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 +F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(47)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(shell v)108 84 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 -E F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 100.8 Q 4.084(yc) --.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 -(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad47>4.084 E F0 -1.584(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 -112.8 S .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 -(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 124.8 Q(ut the)-.2 E F1 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 141.6 Q -.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 -F F2<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -153.6 R F1(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 -(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 165.6 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 -177.6 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F1(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -189.6 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +-.35 E .412(characters in the)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.912 E +F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412 +(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F .413(Each w)5.412 F .413 +(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092(using brace e)108 96 R .092 +(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092 +(ariable e)-.25 F .091(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F +1.396(metic e)108 108 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F2 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396 +(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 120 Q +.51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 (rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 201.6 Q +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 132 Q (ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 218.4 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 148.8 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 (een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F2<ad46>3.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F2<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 230.4 R -.2 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F3<ad46>3.738 E +F0(and)3.738 E F3<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 160.8 R -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F1(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F1 -(COMP_KEY)108 242.4 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F2(,)A F1(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F2(,)A F1 +(COMP_KEY)108 172.8 Q F2(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 (va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 .158 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 .158 (Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -254.4 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +184.8 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F1 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .608 -(the function or command is in)108 266.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar) --.18 F .609(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 -278.4 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 -(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F -.072(ord pre-)-.1 F .607(ceding the w)108 290.4 R .607 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .608 -(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 302.4 Q .094 -(ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\ - or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108 -314.4 Q(An)108 331.2 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.937 F F2<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 343.2 Q F2(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 -(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 +(the function or command is in)108 196.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F3($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C +2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 208.8 R .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F3($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) +-2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F3($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 220.8 +R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 232.8 R +.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) +108 244.8 Q(An)108 261.6 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F3<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 +(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 +(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 273.6 Q F3 +(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F1(COMPREPL)108 -355.2 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 372 Q .08 -(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F2 -<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581 -(di).1 G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081 -(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859 -(stitution. It)108 384 R .359(should print a list of completions, one p\ -er line, to the standard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used) -5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 396 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -.376(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 412.8 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F2<ad58>2.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 424.8 R +285.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 +E(Ne)108 302.4 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F3<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) +-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 314.4 +R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ +d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 +326.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 343.2 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F3<ad58>2.877 +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 355.2 R .682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F2(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F3(&)3.181 E F0 .681 (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 436.8 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G -(iteral)-3.022 E F2(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +(the w)108 367.2 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(iteral)-3.022 E F3(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 448.8 R +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 379.2 R (An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F2(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 460.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +-3.349 E F3(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 391.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(d.).15 E(Finally)108 477.6 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H -.586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F2 -<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F2<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587 +(d.).15 E(Finally)108 408 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586 +(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F3<ad50> +3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F3<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587 (options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\ the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \ -possible completions.)108 489.6 Q .247(If the pre)108 506.4 R .247 +possible completions.)108 420 Q .247(If the pre)108 436.8 R .247 (viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247 -(atches, and the)-2.747 F F2 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 -(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)108 518.4 Q F0 +(atches, and the)-2.747 F F3 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 +(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)108 448.8 Q F0 (when the compspec w)2.5 E (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 535.2 R F2 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) -2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +(If the)108 465.6 R F3 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) +2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 547.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 477.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 564 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(By def)108 494.4 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 576 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 E -F2(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +.631(of possible completions.)108 506.4 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 +E F3(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 588 R .559 -(If the)5.559 F F2 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 -F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 600 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F2(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 518.4 R +.559(If the)5.559 F F3 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 530.4 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F3(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F2<ad6f>3.172 E(default)108 612 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F3<ad6f>3.172 E(default)108 542.4 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 624 -Q(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E -.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ -d, the programmable completion func-)108 640.8 R .633(tions force readl\ -ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ -rectories, subject)108 652.8 R 2.761(to the v)108 664.8 R 2.761 -(alue of the)-.25 F F2(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 +554.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 571.2 R .633(tions force\ + readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ + to directories, subject)108 583.2 R 2.761(to the v)108 595.2 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F3(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 (readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F2(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 676.8 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F3(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 607.2 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -693.6 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 -(tion with a def)108 705.6 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F -F2 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 +624 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +(tion with a def)108 636 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F +F3 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 (ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ - by returning an e)108 717.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) -5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\ -ed with the command on which completion is)108 729.6 R(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(46)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 47 47 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .666(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 84 R .665 + by returning an e)108 648 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 +F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated wi\ +th the command on which completion is)108 660 R .666 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 672 R .665 (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 96 -R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 G -.084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F .084 -(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 108 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 +684 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 +G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F .084 +(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 696 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 -(Fo)108 124.8 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 +(Fo)108 712.8 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 136.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 724.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 153.6 Q({)108 165.6 Q 6 -(.")144 177.6 S +E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(48)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 49 49 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 84 Q({)108 96 Q 6 +(.")144 108 S (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -189.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader)108 201.6 Q/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 230.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371(When the) -108 242.4 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 -(option to the)2.871 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +120 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 +132 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 160.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 +.371(When the)108 172.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .371(\255o history)2.871 +F F0 .371(option to the)2.871 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 (iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 -(the list of commands pre)108 254.4 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 +(the list of commands pre)108 184.8 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 (The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) 2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .429(mands to sa)108 266.4 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 +F .429(mands to sa)108 196.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 (istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 (HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -278.4 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 290.4 +208.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 220.8 S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 302.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 232.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 319.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +108 249.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -331.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +261.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G -.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .532 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 343.2 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F5 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.032 E F6(.)A F0 .532 -(When the history \214le is read, lines be)5.032 F .532 -(ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.158(tory comment character follo)108 -355.2 R 1.159(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ -for the preceding)-.25 F .053(history line.)108 367.2 R .053 -(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.053 F -.052(alue of the)-.25 F F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.552 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) -108 379.2 S 4.386(riable. When).25 F 1.886(an interacti)4.386 F 2.187 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.887(hell e).15 F 1.887(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 -($HISTSIZE)4.387 E F0 1.887(lines are copied from the history list to) -4.137 F F5($HISTFILE)108 391.2 Q F6(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F3 -(histappend)2.556 E F0 .056 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F3(shopt)2.556 -E F0(under)2.556 E F5 .056(SHELL B)2.556 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E -(COMMANDS)108 403.2 Q F0(belo)2.671 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ -to the history \214le, otherwise the history \214le is o)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.922(rwritten. If).15 F F5(HISTFILE)108 415.2 Q F0 .435(is unse\ -t, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)2.685 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.934(d. If).15 F(the)2.934 E F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.934 E(T) --.855 E F0 -.25(va)108 427.2 S .916 +.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 273.6 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F3(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 +.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 285.6 S +.142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 297.6 Q 1.605 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 +(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098 +(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 309.6 R .098 +(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F +.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 321.6 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E +F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 +(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 +($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158 +(copied from the history list to)108 333.6 R F5($HISTFILE)2.658 E F6(.)A +F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F3(shopt)108 +345.6 Q F0(under)2.582 E F5 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 +(w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F +.196(history \214le is o)108 357.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If) +.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ + unwritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 +(If the)108 369.6 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .917(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 3.417(,s)-.4 G(o) --3.417 E(the)108 439.2 Q 3.083(ym)-.15 G .583(ay be preserv)-3.083 F -.583(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F .582 -(This uses the history comment character to distinguish time-)5.583 F -.986(stamps from other history lines.)108 451.2 R .986(After sa)5.986 F -.986(ving the history)-.2 F 3.486(,t)-.65 G .987 -(he history \214le is truncated to contain no more)-3.486 F(than)108 -463.2 Q F5(HISTFILESIZE)2.5 E F0 2.5(lines. If)2.25 F F5(HISTFILESIZE) -2.5 E F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.294(The b)108 -480 R 1.294(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)3.794 E F0(\(see)3.794 E F5 1.293 -(SHELL B)3.794 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.543 E -1.293(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe)108 492 S -.673(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E F3(history) -3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 +F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 381.6 R +3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 +(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 393.6 +R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G +1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 +(truncated to contain no more than)108 405.6 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E +F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 417.6 Q +(alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E 1.294 +(The b)108 434.4 R 1.294(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)3.794 E F0(\(see) +3.794 E F5 1.293(SHELL B)3.794 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F +F0(belo)3.543 E 1.293(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F +-.15(exe)108 446.4 S .673(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The) +5.673 E F3(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .28 -(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 504 R .279 +(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 458.4 R .279 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.279 F -.25(va) --.2 G .279(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 516 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 532.8 +-.2 G .279(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 470.4 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 487.2 R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) -3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 544.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 499.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G .458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) -.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F3 -(cmdhist)108 556.8 Q F0 .75 +(cmdhist)108 511.2 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 568.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 523.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G 1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 580.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 535.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 592.8 R F3(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +(description of the)108 547.2 R F3(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -604.8 Q F2(HIST)72 621.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E -(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 633.6 R .611 +559.2 Q F2(HIST)72 576 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) +-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 588 R .611 (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 (xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F .871 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 645.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(describes what syntax features are a)108 600 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 (ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F -2.013(can be disabled using the)108 657.6 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +2.013(can be disabled using the)108 612 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 (option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 (iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 669.6 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F -.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 686.4 R 1.306 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 624 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def) +-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 640.8 R 1.306 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 -(commands, insert the ar)108 698.4 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 +(commands, insert the ar)108 652.8 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 710.4 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 -727.2 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(47)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 48 48 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 664.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +681.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 693.6 S 3.2 +(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 +(arts. The)-3.2 F .7 +(\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) +3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 705.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 +(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 717.6 R F4 +-.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F4(wor) +3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F4(modi\214er)108 729.6 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 +(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 +(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F +(ashion)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(49)190.95 E +0 Cg EP +%%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.1(wo)108 84 S 3.2(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 -F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2(arts. The)-3.2 F .7 -(\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 96 R 1.868(second is to select portio\ -ns of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 -(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 108 R/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F1(wor) -3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F1(modi\214er)108 120 Q -(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 -(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 132 R -.15(ve) --.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 -(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 -(one w)108 144 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 +-.35 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ral).15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E +F0 .352(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 +F .625(one w)108 96 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 (pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 156 Q/F2 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F (backslash \()2.5 E F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G (nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 -E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 172.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 184.8 T +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 136.8 T 3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 (extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 196.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 213.6 Q -.15 +F0(will also inhibit e)108 148.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 165.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 225.6 R F2 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 177.6 R F2 (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) 3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 237.6 R +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 189.6 R 5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F -1.516(is reloaded into the)108 249.6 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E +1.516(is reloaded into the)108 201.6 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 (fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.015 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 261.6 +(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 213.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 273.6 S -.25(ff).2 G +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 225.6 S -.25(ff).2 G 1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F2<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161 (option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 285.6 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 237.6 S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F2<ad73>2.555 E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G .056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 297.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(end of the history list without actually e)108 249.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 314.4 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 266.4 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) -.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 -326.4 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +278.4 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) .15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 338.4 Q F2 -(Ev)87 355.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 367.2 R -.15(ve) +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 290.4 Q F2 +(Ev)87 307.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 319.2 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 379.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 396 Q +108 331.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 348 Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)32.67 F 1.607(xcept when follo) -.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew) --4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 408 Q +-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 360 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 420 Q F1(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)27.67 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 432 Q +E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 372 Q F1(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)27.67 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 384 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)21.97 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 -E F2(!!)108 444 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)-.25 E -(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 456 Q F1(string)A +E F2(!!)108 396 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 408 Q F1(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position\ - in the history list starting with)9.33 F F1(string)144 468 Q F0(.).22 E -F2(!?)108 480 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.304(Refer to the most recent \ -command preceding the current postition in the history list containing) -144 492 R F1(string)144 504 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F2(?)2.5 E + in the history list starting with)9.33 F F1(string)144 420 Q F0(.).22 E +F2(!?)108 432 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent \ +command preceding the current position in the history list containing) +144 444 R F1(string)144 456 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F2(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F1(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E (wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^) -108 521 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .784 -(Quick substitution.)144 528 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F .784 +108 473 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .784 +(Quick substitution.)144 480 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F .784 (vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E F1 (string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 -(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 540 S(!!:s/).74 E F1(string1)A F0(/)A F1 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 492 S(!!:s/).74 E F1(string1)A F0(/)A F1 (string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 552 Q F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 504 Q F0 (The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75 -(Wo)87 568.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 580.8 S 1.313 +(Wo)87 520.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 532.8 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 (separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.53(from the w)108 592.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +.53(from the w)108 544.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F2<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) -3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 -(are numbered from the be)108 604.8 R 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 556.8 R 1.3 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 (ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 -F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 616.8 Q -F2 2.5(0\()108 633.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 645.6 Q +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 568.8 Q +F2 2.5(0\()108 585.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 597.6 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F1(n)108.36 657.6 Q F0(The)30.64 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F2(^) -108 669.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 -E(ord 1.)-.1 E F2($)108 681.6 Q F0(The last ar)31 E(gument.)-.18 E F2(%) -108 693.6 Q F0(The w)26 E(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F1 -(string)A F0(?' search.)A F1(x)108.77 705.6 Q F2<ad>A F1(y)A F0 2.5(Ar) +F1(n)108.36 609.6 Q F0(The)30.64 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F2(^) +108 621.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 +E(ord 1.)-.1 E F2($)108 633.6 Q F0 .064(The last w)31 F 2.564(ord. This) +-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064(gument, b)-.18 F .064 +(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .063 +(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 645.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F2 +(%)108 657.6 Q F0(The w)26 E(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F1 +(string)A F0(?' search.)A F1(x)108.77 669.6 Q F2<ad>A F1(y)A F0 2.5(Ar) 20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F1(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 -E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F1(y)A F0('.)A F2(*)108 717.6 Q F0 .316 -(All of the w)31 F .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 +E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F1(y)A F0('.)A F2(*)108 681.6 Q F0 .315 +(All of the w)31 F .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 (This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F1(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F2(*)2.815 E F0 .315 -(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 729.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(48)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 49 49 +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F2(*)2.816 E F0 .316 +(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 693.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F2(x*)108 +705.6 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F1(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F2<78ad>108 +717.6 Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F1(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 +E F2(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(50)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(x*)108 84 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 96 Q F0(Abbre)25.3 -E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 112.8 Q -(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 129.6 Q F0 .183 -(After the optional w)108 141.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 -G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F -.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 153.6 Q F1(h) -108 170.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H -(railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1 -(t)108 182.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -(ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 194.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E -(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 206.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a) --.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 218.4 -Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 230.4 Q F0 +-.35 E(If a w)108 84 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E +(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Modi\214ers)87 100.8 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 +112.8 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 124.8 Q F1(h)108 +141.6 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) +108 153.6 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) +108 165.6 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +(\214x of the form)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C +(ea)-2.5 E(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 177.6 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 +-.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1 +(p)108 189.6 Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E +(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 201.6 Q F0 (Quote the substituted w)30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.) --.1 E F1(x)108 242.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 +-.1 E F1(x)108 213.6 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks) -2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 254.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 266.4 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E -F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 +2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 225.6 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A +F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 237.6 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E +F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 (in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721 -(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 -278.4 R .617 +(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 +249.6 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 -F .666(be quoted in)144 290.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) +5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 +F .666(be quoted in)144 261.6 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) 3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 302.4 R -(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 -F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 -(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 314.4 Q F2(string) +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 273.6 R +(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 +F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774 +(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 285.6 Q F2(string) 2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 -(&)108 326.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 -(g)108 338.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 350.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 -(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 362.4 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 -(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 374.4 Q F0 -(.)A F1(G)108 386.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 -2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 403.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 415.2 +(&)108 297.6 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 +(g)108 309.6 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 321.6 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 +(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 333.6 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 +(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 345.6 Q F0(.)A +F1(G)108 357.6 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 +('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 374.4 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 386.4 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 427.2 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F1<adad>2.534 E F0 -.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E +receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 398.4 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0 +.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F .077(do not treat)108 439.2 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F .078(do not treat)108 410.4 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E 5.077(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.077 E F1(exit)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.577 E F0 (,)A F1(br)2.577 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(let) 2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1(shift)2.577 E F0 -.2(bu)2.577 G -.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .32(ments be)108 451.2 -R .32(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.82 E F0 .32(without requiring)2.82 F -F1<adad>2.82 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b)-5.319 F .319 -(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .319(guments b)-.18 F .319 -(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.143(accepting options interpret ar) -108 463.2 R 1.143(guments be)-.18 F 1.143(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad> +.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .319(ments be)108 +422.4 R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.819 E F0 .319 +(without requiring)2.819 F F1<adad>2.819 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b) +-5.319 F .319(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .32(guments b)-.18 F .32 +(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.144(accepting options interpret ar) +108 434.4 R 1.144(guments be)-.18 F 1.144(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad> 3.643 E F0 1.143(as in)3.643 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.143 -(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.644 E F0 1.144(to pre)3.644 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 1.144(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 475.2 Q F1(:)108 -493.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 505.2 R -.452(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F -(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an) -3.221 F 2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 -517.2 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 534 Q F2 +(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.643 E F0 1.143(to pre)3.643 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 446.4 Q F1(:)108 +464.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 476.4 R +.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F +(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an) +3.222 F 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 +488.4 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 505.2 Q F2 (\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 -546 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 -(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 558 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from) -.15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 -(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.68 -(status of the last command e)144 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.68(cuted from) -.15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2(\214lename)6.09 -E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608(names in)144 582 -R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608 +517.2 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E +F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 529.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02 +(cute commands from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02 +(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02(vironment and return the e)-.4 F +(xit)-.15 E 1.458(status of the last command e)144 541.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 1.458(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f) +-6.458 E F2(\214lename)5.868 E F0 1.458 +(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F .608(names in)144 553.2 R/F4 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608 (are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA) -3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 594 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333 -(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832 -(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 -(\214le is found in)144 606 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 565.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832(is not in)3.332 F F2 +.832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 +(\214le is found in)144 577.2 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 618 -S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 -E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612 -(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 630 Q F0 .341(is e)2.841 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.841 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .341(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -2.841 F .342(The return status is the)5.342 F .716 -(status of the last command e)144 642 R .716 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 +589.2 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F +2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 +(\214lename)144 601.2 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342(the positional parameters are unchanged.) +2.842 F .341(The return status is the)5.341 F .716 +(status of the last command e)144 613.2 R .716 (xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .715(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 654 Q -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 670.8 Q F0([)2.5 +.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 625.2 +Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 642 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 682.8 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 654 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E -F2(name)144 694.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E +F2(name)144 666 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 706.8 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 678 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F2(value) 5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395 (ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054 -(stitution when the alias is e)144 718.8 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 +(stitution when the alias is e)144 690 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .053(is sup-)2.553 -F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 730.8 R 1.314 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 702 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(49)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 50 50 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 714 Q(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(51)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bg)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 -E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 112.8 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E -F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 124.8 Q F0 .671 -(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 -(when job control is disabled or)144 136.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 148.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F1(bind)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bg)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 96 R F2 +(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 108 Q F0 .672 +(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +(when job control is disabled or)144 120 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 132 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E +F1(bind)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 (function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 189.6 Q F0 +F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 172.8 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) +(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 225.6 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 237.6 R F1 -.18(re) -2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) -2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 249.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 261.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F -.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 273.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 208.8 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 220.8 R F1 -.18(re) +2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 232.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 244.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F +.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 256.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 -285.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 297.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 309.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 +268.8 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 280.8 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 292.8 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 321.6 Q F0 4.43(,a)C(nd)-4.43 E F2(vi\255insert)4.429 -E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929 -(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 1.929 -(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar) -180 333.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 345.6 Q F0 +(vi\255command)180 304.8 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F2(vi\255insert) +4.429 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.929(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 +1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F2 +(emacs\255standar)180 316.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 328.8 Q F0 (List the names of all)27.52 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 357.6 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 +(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 340.8 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 369.6 +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 352.8 Q F0(List current)24.19 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 381.6 Q F0(Display)26.41 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 364.8 Q F0(Display)26.41 E F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 393.6 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 405.6 Q +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 376.8 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 388.8 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) -.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G -(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 417.6 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 400.8 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G (adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 429.6 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F1 +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 412.8 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 441.6 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -453.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F1<ad71>144 465.6 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 477.6 Q +(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 424.8 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 +436.8 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A +F1<ad71>144 448.8 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 460.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 489.6 Q F2(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 501.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 513.6 Q -F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 525.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 +(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 472.8 Q F2(function) +2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 484.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G +(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 496.8 Q +F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 508.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A F1<ad78>144 537.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 549.6 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 +(.)A F1<ad78>144 520.8 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 532.8 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 561.6 Q F0 1.764(is e) -4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 544.8 Q F0 1.765(is e) +4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 -(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 573.6 S(adline).18 E -F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 556.8 S(adline).18 E +F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 (READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 -585.6 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 +568.8 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 597.6 Q/F4 9 +(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 580.8 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E(The return v) -144 614.4 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 +592.8 Q F0 .829(List all k)23.08 F 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 604.8 Q(The return v) +144 621.6 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 631.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 -(Exit from within a)144 643.2 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +E F1(br)108 638.4 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 650.4 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 (while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 -E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 655.2 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 662.4 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 (xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -667.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 -(bu)108 684 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 696 Q .793 +674.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)108 691.2 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 703.2 Q .793 (ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 -(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 708 -R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 720 R -.57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T) --.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(50)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 51 51 +(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 +715.2 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +727.2 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(52)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup @@ -6020,2367 +6359,2556 @@ ent e)144 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) (cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 (does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 184.8 Q (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F2<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F2<ad65>A F0(]]] [)A F1(dir)A F0(]) -A .21(Change the current directory to)144 213.6 R F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21 -(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E -F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21 -(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.777(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 225.6 R -F1(dir)3.276 E F0 5.776(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.776 E 1.076 -.15(ve d)-.25 -H .776(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.276 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E -F0 .764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 237.6 R 3.264(An)5.764 G -.764(ull directory name in)-3.264 F F3(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 249.6 -Q 2.974(,i)-.65 G .474(.e., `)-2.974 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C -5.474(.I).74 G(f)-5.474 E F1(dir)3.324 E F0(be)3.704 E .474 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .473(is not used. The)2.724 F F2<ad50>2.973 E F0 .473 -(option says to use)2.973 F .579(the ph)144 261.6 R .579 -(ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579 -(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F2<ad50>3.08 E F0 .58 -(option to the)3.08 F F2(set)144 273.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.717 G .217 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F2<ad4c>2.717 E F0 .217 -(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.717 F 2.716(wed. If)-.25 F -(the)2.716 E F2<ad65>2.716 E F0 .216(option is sup-)2.716 F 1.086 -(plied with)144 285.6 R F2<ad50>3.586 E F0 3.586(,a)C 1.086 -(nd the current w)-3.586 F 1.087 -(orking directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-)-.1 F -.44(cessful directory change,)144 297.6 R F2(cd)2.94 E F0 .44 -(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.94 F .44(An ar)5.44 F .44 -(gument of)-.18 F F2<ad>2.94 E F0 .44(is equi)2.94 F -.25(va)-.25 G .44 -(lent to).25 F F3($OLDPWD)144 309.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.044 -(If a non-empty directory name from)5.544 F F3(CDP)3.544 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.045(is used, or if)3.295 F F2<ad>3.545 E F0 1.045 -(is the \214rst ar)3.545 F(gument,)-.18 E .021(and the directory change\ - is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 321.6 R 2.521(ww) --.25 G .021(orking directory is writ-)-2.621 F .165 -(ten to the standard output.)144 333.6 R .165(The return v)5.165 F .165 -(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F .165(as successfully changed; f) --.1 F(alse)-.1 E(otherwise.)144 345.6 Q F2(command)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Run)144 374.4 Q F1(command)2.957 E F0(with)3.527 E F1(ar) -3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 +<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F2<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F2<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F1 +(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 213.6 R F1(dir) +2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F1(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 +(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is) +-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 225.6 R 3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G +1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F1 +(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E +.849(the search path for the directory containing)144 237.6 R F1(dir) +3.349 E F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.35 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F1(dir)144 249.6 +Q F0 5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 261.6 Q F3(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F +4.162(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662 +(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F1(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 273.6 Q -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 .347(is not used. The)2.598 F F2<ad50>2.847 E F0 .347 +(option causes)2.847 F F2(cd)2.847 E F0 .347(to use the ph)2.847 F .347 +(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 +(symbolic links while tra)144 285.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir) +3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F1(..)3.62 E F0 +(in)3.62 E F1(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F2<ad50>3.62 E F0 +.395(option to the)144 297.6 R F2(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F2<ad4c>2.895 E F0 .395 +(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) +-.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 309.6 R F1 +(..)2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F1(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F1(..) +2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F1(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 +(ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 +E .744(the immediately pre)144 321.6 R .744 +(vious pathname component from)-.25 F F1(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744 +(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)3.244 E +F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 333.6 R F2<ad65>3.965 E F0 1.465 +(option is supplied with)3.965 F F2<ad50>3.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465 +(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 +(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 +(determined after a successful directory change,)144 345.6 R F2(cd)2.968 +E F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) +5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 357.6 R F2<ad40>2.836 E F0 .336 +(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 +(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) +144 369.6 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F2<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 +(before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F +.106(empty directory name from)144 381.6 R F3(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F2<ad>2.607 E F0 .107 +(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F +.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 393.6 R 2.538 +(ww)-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.) +-2.638 F(The return v)144 405.6 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 +422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 434.4 Q F1(command)2.956 E F0(with) +3.527 E F1(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257 -(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 386.4 R F3 --.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 +(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 446.4 R F3 +-.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 (cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F2<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.202 E F0(is) -3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 398.4 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 -(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.201 E F0(is) +3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 458.4 R .399(ault v)-.1 F .399 +(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.399 E .174(either the)144 410.4 R F2<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 -<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 -(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F2<ad76>2.675 E -F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.11(as)144 422.4 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F -.61(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F -F2<ad56>144 434.4 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F2<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 446.4 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +5.4 E .175(either the)144 470.4 R F2<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F2<ad76> +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F1(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F2<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 482.4 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F2 +<ad56>144 494.4 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F2<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 506.4 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 -(command)144.2 458.4 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 470.4 S +(command)144.2 518.4 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 530.4 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 -(compgen)108 487.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 499.2 R +(compgen)108 547.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 559.2 R F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 -(accepted by the)144 511.2 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 +(accepted by the)144 571.2 R F2(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 523.2 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F +3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 583.2 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F F2<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F2<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) 3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 -F(grammable completion f)144 535.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) +F(grammable completion f)144 595.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) -.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.) --.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 559.2 R .352 +-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 619.2 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -571.2 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 583.2 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 607.2 Q +631.2 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 643.2 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 667.2 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 -(complete)108 624 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C F2 -<ad6f>-3.728 E F1(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E +(complete)108 684 Q F0([)3.729 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C F2 +<ad6f>-3.729 E F1(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.729 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad41>-3.728 E F1(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad47> --3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad57>-3.729 E F1(wor)3.729 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad46>-3.729 E F1(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 -636 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 648 Q F2 +-3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad57>-3.728 E F1(wor)3.728 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad46>-3.728 E F1(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 +696 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 708 Q F2 <ad58>A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E (e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) -A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 -660 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.633(Specify ho)144 672 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 -(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 -F .634(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 -684 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F -.139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) -144 696 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1 -(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E -F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 708 R(The)6.347 E F2 -<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 -F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 720 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E -3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(51)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 52 52 +A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(53)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 3.455(ac)144 84 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre) --3.455 F .955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 96 R(`empty') --.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 108 Q 1.438 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete \255pr)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.634(Specify ho)144 96 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 +(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 +F .633(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 +108 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F +.14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 +120 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) +2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 +(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 132 R(The)6.347 E F1 +<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 +F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 144 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E +3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F +3.455(ac)144 156 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F +.955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 168 R(`empty') +-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 180 Q 1.437 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -132 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 144 Q +204 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 216 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 168 R .855 -.15(ve t) +F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 240 R .856 -.15(ve t) -.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F -.555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056 E F0 -3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 180 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 -<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 192 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 204 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 216 Q F2(comp-option) -2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 -(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 -(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) -184 228 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 -240 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 252 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) -2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F -(matches.)224 264 Q F1(default)184 276 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')10 F -5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 -(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 288 Q F1(dir)184 300 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 312 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -324 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 336 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 348 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 -(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 360 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 372 Q F1(nospace) -184 384 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 -(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F -.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 396 Q F1(plusdirs) -184 408 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 -(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.583(completion is attempted and an)224 420 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 432 -Q F1<ad41>144 444 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 456 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 -(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +.555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 +3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 252 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 +<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 264 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 276 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 288 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') +.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 300 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 312 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 324 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 +.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 336 Q +F1(default)184 348 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef) +-5.376 E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) +-.1 F(matches.)224 360 Q F1(dir)184 372 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ +tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 384 Q F1 +(\214lenames)184 396 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 408 S .137(ll readline that the co\ +mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 +G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 420 R 2.634 +(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F +.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 432 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 444 Q F1(noquote) +184 456 Q F0 -.7(Te)5.55 G .814 +(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 468 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nospace)184 480 Q F0 +-.7(Te)6.11 G .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 +(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 +492 Q F1(plusdirs)184 504 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G +1.985(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name) +-4.485 F .583(completion is attempted and an)224 516 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G +.584(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 +528 Q F1<ad41>144 540 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 552 Q F2(action)2.5 E +F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -468 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 480 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 492 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 504 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G -2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 516 S(iltin).2 E F0 +564 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 576 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 588 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 600 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G +2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 612 S(iltin).2 E F0 (Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 528 -Q F0(Command names.)224 540 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 552 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 564 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 576 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 588 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -600 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -612 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) --.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -624 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(function)184 636 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 648 Q F1 -(gr)184 660 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -672 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 684 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 696 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 708 -Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(52)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 53 53 +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 624 +Q F0(Command names.)224 636 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 648 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 660 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 672 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 684 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +696 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +708 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.3)72 +768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(54)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(job)184 84 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 96 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 108 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) --.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -120 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 132 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 144 Q -F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E -F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 156 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 168 Q F0 -(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 180 Q F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\214le)184 84 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 96 +Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 108 Q F1(gr)184 120 Q(oup)-.18 E F0 +(Group names.)14.62 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.) +A F1(helptopic)184 132 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 144 Q F1 +(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 156 Q F0 +(Hostnames, as tak)224 168 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(job)184 180 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +-.1(ke)184 192 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 204 Q(ed w)-.15 E +2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(running)184 216 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 228 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.) +10.67 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt) +184 240 Q F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1 +<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.) +.2 E F1(shopt)184 252 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E +F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 264 Q F0 +(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 276 Q F0 (Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.) -.15 E F1(user)184 192 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 204 S +.15 E F1(user)184 288 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 300 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 216 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 228 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 312 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 324 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 240 Q F1<ad46>144 252 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.18 -(The shell function)184 264 R F2(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.681 -(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.181(it \214n-)3.681 F .932 -(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 276 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 -288 S(riable.).25 E F1<ad47>144 300 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 -(The pathname e)184 312 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 324 Q F1<ad50>144 336 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 348 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +184 336 Q F1<ad46>144 348 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 360 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 372 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 384 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 396 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 408 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 420 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1<ad47>144 432 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 444 R +1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 456 Q +F1<ad50>144 468 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 480 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 360 Q F1<ad53>144 372 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 492 Q F1<ad53>144 504 Q F3(suf)2.5 E 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 384 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 396 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 -(each resultant w)184 408 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 -F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F -(resultant list which match the w)184 420 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1<ad58>144 432 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 444 Q F0 .455 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 456 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 468 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 480 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 496.8 R .467 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 516 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 528 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007 +(each resultant w)184 540 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15 +F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F +(resultant list which match the w)184 552 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E +F1<ad58>144 564 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 576 Q F0 .456 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 588 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 600 Q F3(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 612 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 628.8 R .466 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 -(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 508.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 520.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 +(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 +(plied without a)144 640.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 652.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 549.6 R -F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 561.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 573.6 Q F2(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 585.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +F1(compopt)108 669.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 681.6 R +F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 693.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 705.6 Q F3(name) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 717.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.228(the `)144 597.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.227(the `)144 729.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 609.6 R 2.177 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F1<ad45>4.677 E F0 2.178 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) -144 621.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +no)-3.727 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(55)190.95 E 0 +Cg EP +%%Page: 56 56 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 2.178(completion has pre)144 84 R 2.178(viously been de\214ned.) +-.25 F(The)7.178 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) +144 96 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.388(The return v)144 645.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 +E 1.387(The return v)144 120 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 657.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 132 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 674.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 686.4 R 1.753 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 148.8 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 160.8 R 1.754 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 -(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 698.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 -1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 +(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 172.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 /Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 710.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 -(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) -3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 -Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(53)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 54 54 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 184.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 +(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 196.8 Q F1(declar)108 213.6 +Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 +(typeset)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 237.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 249.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 +(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 +<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 261.6 Q F2(name)2.774 E +F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) +2.775 F(without)144 273.6 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 285.6 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F1<ad70>3.682 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +297.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62 +(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 +309.6 R(The)6.29 E F1<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ +of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 +(name and attrib)144 321.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) +5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C +.948(he source)-3.448 F 1.342(\214le name and line number where the fun\ +ction is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 333.6 R(The)6.342 E F1 +<ad46>3.842 E F0(option)3.842 E(implies)144 345.6 Q F1<ad66>3.892 E F0 +6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F1<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.892 F +1.391(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 357.6 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 +1.882(is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F +1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F +(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 369.6 +R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 +F 1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 381.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E +F1<ad61>144 393.6 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 +(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 405.6 Q +F0(Each)23.08 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 +H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 417.6 Q F0(Use function names only) +26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 429.6 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558 +(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 441.6 Q F0(abo) +2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) +-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 453.6 Q +F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 465.6 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 477.6 +Q F0(Gi)24.74 E 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the) +3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E +1.033(That other v)180 489.6 R 1.033(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 +F 1.033(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)3.533 E F0 6.033(.A)C 1.033 +(ll references and assignments to)-6.033 F F2(name)180 501.6 Q F0 4.032 +(,e)C 1.532(xcept for changing the)-4.182 F F1<ad6e>4.032 E F0(attrib) +4.032 E 1.532(ute itself, are performed on the v)-.2 F 1.533 +(ariable refer)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(enced by)180 513.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 1.1 +-.55('s v)D 2.5(alue. The).3 F F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(attrib)2.5 E +(ute cannot be applied to array v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 +525.6 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly) +-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v) +-7.547 F 2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F +(assignment statements or unset.)180 537.6 Q F1<ad74>144 549.6 Q F0(Gi) +26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E +F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429 +(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 +E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.)180 561.6 Q +(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.) +-.25 E F1<ad75>144 573.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909 +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F +(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 585.6 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 +E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 597.6 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 +E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E +(vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 614.4 R +2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F +.121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F +.645(to destro)144 626.4 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) +-3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 +(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 638.4 Q F1 +(declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 +E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 +(local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 +(command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.283 +(is supplied.)144 650.4 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 +(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 +662.4 R F1<ad61>3.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F1<ad41>3.426 E F0 .927 +(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 674.4 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 +F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 +(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 +(option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) +144 686.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C +2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144 +698.4 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062 +(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 710.4 R F1 +(Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F +F2(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 722.4 S .172 +(lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 +F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 +(ariable, an)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(56) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)108 84 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70> --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 108 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E -F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764 -(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 120 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982 -(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 -<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)3.58 E F0 -(ar)3.58 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When) -6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2(name) -3.579 E F0(ar)3.579 E(gu-)-.18 E .15(ments, it will display the attrib) -144 144 R .15(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .151 -(ariables ha)-.25 F .151(ving the attrib)-.2 F .151 -(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .047(additional options.)144 156 R .047 -(If no other options are supplied with)5.047 F F1<ad70>2.547 E F0(,)A F1 -(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .046(will display the attrib)2.546 F .046 -(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 168 S 1.362(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.862 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.862 E F0 1.363 -(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.862 F(The)6.363 -E F1<ad46>3.863 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\ -\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 180 R 2.422(utes are) --.2 F 2.663(printed. If)144 192 R(the)2.663 E F1(extdeb)2.663 E(ug)-.2 E -F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.663 F F1(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664 -(,t)C .164(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.288 -(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 204 R(The) -6.288 E F1<ad46>3.788 E F0 1.288(option implies)3.788 F F1<ad66>3.788 E -F0 6.288(.T)C(he)-6.288 E F1<ad67>3.788 E F0(option)3.788 E .49 -(forces v)144 216 R .49 -(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.991(nw).15 G(hen)-2.991 E F1(declar)2.991 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.491(is e)2.991 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .491(cuted in a).15 F .125 -(shell function.)144 228 R .125(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.125 -F .125(The follo)5.125 F .124 -(wing options can be used to restrict output)-.25 F(to v)144 240 Q -(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3 -.15 -(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1<ad61>144 252 Q F0 -(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 -G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 264 Q F0(Each)23.08 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see) --.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 -276 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 288 Q F0 -.557(The v)27.52 F .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 -(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) -180 300 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G -(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -F1<ad6c>144 312 Q F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) --.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 324 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad72>144 336 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2 -(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546 -(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547 -(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 348 Q F1 -<ad74>144 360 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 -(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) --.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) -180 372 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E -(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 384 Q F0 .909(When the v)24.74 F .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-) --.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 396 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 408 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E -F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E .121(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 424.8 R -2.621(ft)-.25 G .121(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 -F .12(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F -.644(to destro)144 436.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) --3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) -3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 -(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F 1.186(tion, mak)144 448.8 -R 1.186(es each)-.1 F F2(name)3.686 E F0 1.186(local, as with the)3.686 -F F1(local)3.686 E F0 1.186(command, unless the)3.686 F F1<ad67>3.686 E -F0 1.186(option is supplied, If a)3.686 F -.25(va)144 460.8 S .117 -(riable name is follo).25 F .118(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 2.618(,t) -C .118(he v)-2.618 F .118(alue of the v)-.25 F .118(ariable is set to) --.25 F F2(value)2.618 E F0 5.118(.T)C .118(he return v)-5.118 F .118 -(alue is 0)-.25 F 2.794(unless an in)144 472.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G 2.793(li\ -d option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function usin\ -g).25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF<ad66>5.293 E(foo=bar)144 484.8 Q F0 3.992(,a) -C 3.993(na)-3.992 G 1.493(ttempt is made to assign a v)-3.993 F 1.493 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.493(ariable, an attempt is made to)-.25 F -1.183(assign a v)144 496.8 R 1.183(alue to an array v)-.25 F 1.183 -(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)3.682 E F0(abo)144 508.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .096(\), one of the) -.15 F F2(names)2.597 E F0 .097(is not a v)2.597 F .097(alid shell v)-.25 -F .097(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.597(fr)-.25 -G(eadonly)-2.597 E .659(status for a readonly v)144 520.8 R .658 -(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.158(fa)-.25 G .658 -(rray status for an array v)-3.158 F .658(ariable, or)-.25 F -(an attempt is made to display a non-e)144 532.8 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 549.6 -Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255clpv])-2.5 E F0 --.4(Wi)144 561.6 S .328 +-.35 E .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 84 R 3.46(fa)-.25 G .96 +(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 96 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 124.8 S .329 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 573.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 585.6 Q +.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 136.8 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 148.8 Q F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 597.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 609.6 Q F1<ad>144 621.6 Q F2 +2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1<ad63>144 160.8 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 +<ad6c>144 172.8 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)27.52 F .881 +(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 +184.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 196.8 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144 +208.8 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ +\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 +G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 220.8 Q F1(+)144 232.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.565 +(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 244.8 Q F1<ad>144 256.8 Q F2 (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad63>144 645.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 -<ad6c>144 657.6 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F -.324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F -(tory)180 669.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 681.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144 -693.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ -\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 -G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 705.6 Q 1.706(The return v)144 722.4 R 1.706 -(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.707 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)4.207 E F0(inde)4.207 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.207(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-4.207 G 1.707(ond the end of the).15 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(54)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 55 55 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(directory stack.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)108 100.8 Q -(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 112.8 S -.295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295 -(is not present,)3.105 F .422(and neither)144 124.8 R F1<ad61>2.922 E F0 -(nor)2.922 E F1<ad72>2.922 E F0 .422(is supplied, the shell')2.922 F -2.922(sn)-.55 G .422(otion of the)-2.922 F F2(curr)2.923 E .423(ent job) --.37 F F0 .423(is used.)2.923 F .423(If the)5.423 F F1<ad68>2.923 E F0 -.423(option is)2.923 F(gi)144 136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .141(n, each).15 F -F2(jobspec)4.381 E F0 .141(is not remo)2.951 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df) -.15 G .141(rom the table, b)-2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141 -(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.641 E F0 .14 -(is not sent to the)2.39 F .004(job if the shell recei)144 148.8 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.504(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .004 -(If no)4.504 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004(is present, and neither the) -2.814 F F1<ad61>2.504 E F0 .005(nor the)2.504 F F1<ad72>2.505 E F0 .005 -(option is)2.505 F 1.229(supplied, the)144 160.8 R F2(curr)3.729 E 1.229 -(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229(is used.)3.729 F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F2 -(jobspec)5.469 E F0 1.229(is supplied, the)4.039 F F1<ad61>3.729 E F0 -1.228(option means to remo)3.729 F 1.528 -.15(ve o)-.15 H(r).15 E .656 -(mark all jobs; the)144 172.8 R F1<ad72>3.156 E F0 .657 -(option without a)3.156 F F2(jobspec)4.897 E F0(ar)3.467 E .657 -(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The)5.657 E -(return v)144 184.8 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 201.6 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.395(Output the)144 213.6 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395 -(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895 -(wline. The)-.25 F .394(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .394 -(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F1<ad6e>2.894 E F0 .548 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 225.6 R .548(wline is suppressed.) --.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F1<ad65>3.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 237.6 Q -.053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F1 -<ad45>2.553 E F0 .052(option disables the interpretation of these)2.552 -F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G -4.002(ns)-4.002 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.002 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 -(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.003 -E F0(shell)4.003 E .009 -(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 261.6 R -F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters) -.15 F .659(by def)144 273.6 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 -(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 -(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 285.6 Q -F1(\\a)144 297.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 309.6 Q F0 -(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 321.6 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E -F1(\\e)144 333.6 Q(\\E)144 345.6 Q F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1 -(\\f)144 357.6 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 369.6 Q F0(ne)27.66 E -2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 381.6 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E -F1(\\t)144 393.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 405.6 Q F0 -.15 -(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 417.6 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 -(\\0)144 429.6 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 268.8 Q .258(The return v)144 +285.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 297.6 Q F1(diso)108 314.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 326.4 S .121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15 +(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122 +(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 +F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 F .096 +(neither the)144 338.4 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F1 +<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) +.15 F F2(jobspec)144 350.4 Q F0 .672(is not remo)3.482 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.172(df).15 G .672(rom the table, b)-3.172 F .672(ut is mark)-.2 F .672 +(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.172 E F0 .673 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.922 F .962(shell recei)144 362.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +<ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 374.4 R F1 +<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 386.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E +F1(echo)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 415.2 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 427.2 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 +439.2 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +6.348 E F1<ad45>3.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 +(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 +463.2 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 +F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 +(these escape characters by def)144 475.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .716 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0 +(interprets the follo)144 487.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 499.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 511.2 Q F0(backspace) +27.66 E F1(\\c)144 523.2 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E F1(\\e)144 +535.2 Q(\\E)144 547.2 Q F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1(\\f)144 559.2 +Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 571.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G +(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 583.2 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 +595.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 607.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G +(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 619.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 +631.2 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E (alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 441.6 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 643.2 Q F2(HH)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 453.6 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 465.6 R 1.506 +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 655.2 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 +1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 667.2 R 1.506 (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 477.6 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 489.6 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 501.6 R .547 +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 679.2 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 691.2 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 703.2 R .547 (alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 513.6 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 530.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 542.4 R -.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 554.4 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 566.4 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989 -(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 -(abled; otherwise,)144 578.4 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +3.048 E(HHH)180 715.2 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(57)190.95 +E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 58 58 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278 +(Enable and disable b)144 96 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 +(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278 +(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833(the same name as a shell b)144 +108 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 +(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.334 +(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99(the shell normally searches for b)144 120 R +.989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 +.989(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 +(abled; otherwise,)144 132 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 590.4 R .081(uiltin v) --.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) -2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 602.4 S 1.524 +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 144 R +.081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 +(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 156 S 1.524 (iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 614.4 Q F1<ad64> +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 168 Q F1<ad64> 2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F .367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) -5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 626.4 R F1<ad70> +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 180 R F1<ad70> 2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -638.4 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +192 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F (If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 650.4 R 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 204 R 1.916 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 662.4 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 +(enabled. If)144 216 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 (is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) 2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F -(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 674.4 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 228 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 (is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 -686.4 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 703.2 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 715.2 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C -.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F -.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 727.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 240 +Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 256.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(The)144 268.8 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 280.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(55)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 56 56 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(or only null ar)144 84 Q(guments,)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF --2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1(exec)108 100.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 292.8 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 +(exec)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 112.8 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 321.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 (wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 124.8 R .176 +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 333.6 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 136.8 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 345.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 -.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 148.8 Q F0 .638 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 357.6 Q F0 .638 (to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 160.8 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 369.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 172.8 Q .617 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .317(hell e).15 F -.317(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .318 -(is enabled, in which case it returns f)2.817 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505 -(ure. An)144 184.8 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 -(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 196.8 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 +.15 F(non-interacti)144 381.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 393.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) +-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 405.6 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 (edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 208.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 417.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 434.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of) -.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 237.6 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 266.4 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 278.4 R -F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F -.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 290.4 R(the)2.627 E F1 -<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) -.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 -(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 302.4 Q F0 .659 -(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.159 F .66 -(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.66 E F1<ad6e>3.16 E F0 -(option)3.16 E 1.587(causes the e)144 314.4 R 1.587 -(xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586 -(rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G -1.586(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.586(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 326.4 Q -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he v)-2.803 F .303(alue of the v) --.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .304 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .294 -(option is encountered, one of the)144 338.4 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 -(is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F1<ad66>2.793 E F0 .293(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 -350.4 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 446.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E +F1(export)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name) +-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 475.2 Q +F0 .256(The supplied)144 487.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 +F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 +(commands. If)144 499.2 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> +144 511.2 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 +<ad6e>2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 523.2 S +1.447(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 +(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G +1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 535.2 S .741(lue of the v) +.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 547.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 559.2 Q F1(fc)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -379.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .477(Fix Command.)144 391.2 R .478 -(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.477 F F2<8c72>4.888 E -(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .478 -(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .882(tory list.)144 403.2 R F2 -.45 -(Fi)5.882 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.062 E F2(last)3.472 E F0 .882 -(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F -.881(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 -415.2 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .797(umber is used as an) -.15 F(of)144 427.2 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F -(If)5.277 E F2(last)2.867 E F0 .276 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.457 F .092 -(for listing \(so that)144 439.2 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 -(fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72> -4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .093(is not)3.273 F -(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 451.2 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 475.2 -Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 +588 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 600 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +612 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 +(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) +144 624 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F +2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .315(is used as an of) +144 636 R .315(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.315 E +F2(last)2.904 E F0 .314(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.494 F +(-)-.2 E .948(rent command for listing \(so that)144 648 R F4 .948 +(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) +3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +144 660 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 684 Q +F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 487.2 R .438(If the) -5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 696 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 499.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E -F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 -(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 511.2 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E -F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 -F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 -(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 523.2 R .951 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F --.15(exe)144 535.2 S(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 559.2 R -F2(command)2.539 E F0 .039(is re-e)2.539 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.54 E F0 .04(is replaced by) -2.54 F F2 -.37(re)2.54 G(p).37 E F0 5.04(.A)C(useful)-2.5 E .406 -(alias to use with this is)144 571.2 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s')2.906 F F0 -2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 6.406(rc)2.906 -G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F .406(ginning with) --.15 F F4(cc)144 583.2 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 E F0(re-e)2.5 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 -(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 607.2 R .142 -(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 619.2 -R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 631.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 -(cuted or f).15 F .788 -(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 -(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -643.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 655.2 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 -684 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 -(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 696 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G .617 -(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 708 Q .362 -(ground, or f)-.15 F .362(ailure if run when job control is disabled or) --.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F -F2(jobspec)145.74 720 Q F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004 -(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w) -2.814 F .004(as started without job control.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(56)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 57 57 +.335(the editor gi)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 +(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E 1.668(the v)144 720 R 1.668(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)4.168 +E F0 -.25(va)3.918 G 1.668(riable is used, and the v).25 F 1.669 +(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)4.169 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)3.919 E F3(FCEDIT)4.169 +E F0 1.669(is not set.)3.919 F(If)6.669 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(58)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 -96 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 108 R .149 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 120 Q .578 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +-.35 E .187(neither v)144 84 R .187(ariable is set,)-.25 F/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(vi)4.353 E F0 .187(is used.)4.353 F .187 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.187 F +-.15(exe)144 96 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 120 R F1 +(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .347(is intepreted the same as)2.847 F F1<8c72>2.847 +E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .346 +(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 2.846(,s)C 2.846(ot)-2.846 G(hat)-2.846 E +(typing)144 144 Q F2 7.165(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165 +(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)3.666 +E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F2(r)3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 156 Q .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 180 R .142 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 192 R +.454(If the)5.454 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F +.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 +216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 228 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F3(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F3(fg)108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 256.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 268.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 280.8 Q +.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 292.8 Q +F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) +4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 +(as started without job control.)-.1 F F3(getopts)108 309.6 Q F1 +(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F3(getopts)144 +321.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 333.6 R .15 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 345.6 Q .579 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 132 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 -(option in the shell v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 3.296 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) -3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G 3.297(ft)-3.297 G -.797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 156 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) -4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 -(or a shell script is in)144 168 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 -(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 -(into the v)144 180 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 -.803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 192 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 357.6 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F3(getopts) +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 +(option in the shell v)144 369.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 +3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G +3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 381.6 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND) +4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 +(or a shell script is in)144 393.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F3 +(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 +(into the v)144 405.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 417.6 R F3(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 204 Q -2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 228 R F1(getopts)4.543 -E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 429.6 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 453.6 R F3(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 465.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 2.392 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 -276 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 300 Q F0 1.166 -(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 -(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.263 -(reporting is used.)144 312 R 1.263 -(In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 324 -R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .666(If an in)144 360 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E -F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 -(and unsets)144 372 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 -(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 -(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 -384 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 408 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) --.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() -3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 -(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144 420 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 -E F0 .234(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If) -5.234 E F1(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1 -(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 432 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 -E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 -E F1(getopts)144 456 Q F0 .902 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 489.6 Q F0 2.393 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F1(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F3(getopts)144 +501.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 525.6 Q F0 1.165 +(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 +(is a colon,)3.886 F F1(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.071 +(reporting is used.)144 537.6 R 1.071 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 549.6 +R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F +(will be displayed, e)144 561.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft) +-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F1(optstring)2.73 E F0 +(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 585.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 +(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into) +3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 +597.6 R F4(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 +E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 609.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 +633.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.741 +(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144 645.6 +Q F0(,).18 E F4(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F3 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F3(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 657.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F4 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3 +(getopts)144 681.6 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 468 Q F1(hash)108 484.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 496.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) -3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 508.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .099(If the)144 520.8 -R F1<ad70>2.599 E F0 .099 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.599 F F2 -(\214lename)4.508 E F0 .098(is used as the full \214le name)2.778 F -1.711(of the command.)144 532.8 R(The)6.711 E F1<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F1<ad64>4.212 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 544.8 R .833 +3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 693.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.3)72 +768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(59)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 60 60 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][) +C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858(Each time)144 +96 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858 +(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name)3.718 E F0 .858 +(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956(the directories in)144 108 R F1 +($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An) +5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 120 R +F1<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 +(of the command.)144 132 R(The)6.712 E F1<ad72>4.212 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F1<ad64>4.211 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 144 R .833 (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 556.8 R F2(name) -3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F -F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -568.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 +3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 156 R F2(name) +3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F +F2(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +168 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 .795 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 <ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 -(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -580.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 592.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F -.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 604.8 Q F2(name)2.86 -E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 -633.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -645.6 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 657.6 Q F1 -<ad64>144 669.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 681.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 180 +R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .934 +(n, or if).15 F(only)144 192 Q F1<ad6c>2.821 E F0 .321 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F +.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 204 Q F2(name)2.86 E +F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) +.25 E F1(help)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 +232.8 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 +244.8 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 256.8 Q F1 +<ad64>144 268.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 280.8 Q F0(Display the description of each) 21.97 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat) --2.5 E F1<ad73>144 693.6 Q F0 +-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 292.8 Q F0 (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E -F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 710.4 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 -E(57)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 58 58 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(n)A F1(])A(history \255c)108 96 Q(history \255d)108 108 Q F2(of)2.5 E -(fset)-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0 -(])A F1(history \255p)108 132 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A -2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 156 -S .752 +F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 309.6 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 326.4 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 338.4 Q(history \255d)108 350.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A +F1(history \255p)108 374.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 386.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +398.4 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 168 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 410.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 180 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 -(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 192 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 422.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 +(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 434.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 204 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 446.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 216 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 -E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 228 Q F0 +(not, the v)144 458.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 470.4 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1<ad64>144 -240 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) -180 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 264 Q F0 .599 -(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.099('h)-.74 G .598 -(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.099 F .598 -(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 276 Q F0 -(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 288 Q F0 .854(Read \ -the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\ -rent history list.)24.74 F .773 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 300 R -.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E -(sion.)180 312 Q F1<ad72>144 324 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77>144 -336 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.) --2.5 E F1<ad70>144 348 Q F0 .625 +482.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) +180 494.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 506.4 Q F0 .598 +(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 +(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 +(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 518.4 Q F0 +(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 530.4 Q F0 .854(Rea\ +d the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the c\ +urrent history list.)24.74 F .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 542.4 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 554.4 Q F1<ad72>144 566.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)25.86 E F1<ad77> +144 578.4 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o) +23.08 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 590.4 Q F0 .626 (Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 360 R .475 +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +2.975(output. Does)180 602.4 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 384 Q F0 .362 -(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 396 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 412.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(normal history e)180 614.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 626.4 Q F0 +.363(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 638.4 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 655.2 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 424.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 -(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 436.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .415 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 448.8 R .416 -(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .416 +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 667.2 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 679.2 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 691.2 R .416 +(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ -, an in)144 460.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.999 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -(is)2.999 E(supplied as an ar)144 472.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E -F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1 -(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 501.6 Q F2(command) -2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E -(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 513.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +, an in)144 703.2 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) +3 E(supplied as an ar)144 715.2 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5 +(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 +E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E(GNU Bash 4.3) +72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(60)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 61 61 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(jobs)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 +2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x) +108 96 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 +E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 (obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 525.6 Q F0 +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 120 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1 -<ad6e>144 537.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F -.194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 549.6 Q F1<ad70>144 -561.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 573.6 Q F0 -(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 585.6 Q F0 -(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 602.4 Q F2(jobspec) -4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 614.4 Q -.25 +<ad6e>144 132 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F +.193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 144 Q F1<ad70>144 +156 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 168 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 180 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 196.8 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 E F0 +.313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 208.8 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 631.2 R F1 -<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 225.6 R F1 +<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 643.2 Q +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 237.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F1(kill)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +F1(kill)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 <ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 (][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 684 R F2 -(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 -(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 -(either a case-insensiti)144 696 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 708 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +(kill \255l)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 +G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 278.4 R F2 +(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 +(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 +(either a case-insensiti)144 290.4 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 302.4 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 720 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F -F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 -F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F -F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(58)185.955 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 59 59 +1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 314.4 Q .523(gument of)-.18 +F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) +5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) +.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 +(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 326.4 +R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 338.4 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F +F1<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 350.4 +R F1(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F +.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F +(occurs or an in)144 362.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.) +.25 E F1(let)108 379.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 391.2 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197 +(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855 +(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F +(the last)144 403.2 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G +(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) +2.5 E F1(local)108 420 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 432 S 2.56(re) +.15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named) +-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value) +2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F +(an)144 444 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 +(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 +456 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 +(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 468 Q F0 1.165 +(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) +6.165 F F1(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 +(within a function.)144 480 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 F +F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144 492 Q +F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 +508.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(map\214le)108 525.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac) +2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 537.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([) +2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 +E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351 +(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 549.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.85 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor) +-2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 561.6 R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 +1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.749 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 +573.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e> +144 585.6 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2 +(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 +(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 597.6 Q F0(Be)22.52 E +(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) +-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) +-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 609.6 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 621.6 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E +(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 633.6 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 645.6 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E +(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) +2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 657.6 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 674.4 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 +(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 +(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 686.4 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 698.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 710.4 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 727.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2) +141.79 E(61)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 84 R .28 -(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .377 -(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 108 R -F2(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F -.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .593(alse if an error)-.1 F -(occurs or an in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 -E F2(let)108 136.8 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Each)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196 -(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.197(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .197(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 160.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25 -(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 189.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06 -(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06 -(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 201.6 Q 3.152(yo) --.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar) -3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653 -(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -213.6 Q F1(name)3.721 E F0 .861(to ha)3.541 F 1.161 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H -.861(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F --.4(Wi)5.86 G .86(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 225.6 Q F0 1.164 -(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) -6.165 F F2(local)3.665 E F0 1.165(when not)3.665 F .233 -(within a function.)144 237.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.233 -F F2(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F --.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.092 E F0(is)2.912 E(supplied, or)144 -249.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2 -(logout)108 266.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(map\214le)108 283.2 -Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1 -(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43> --2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 295.2 S -(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f> --2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1 -(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .35 -(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 307.2 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.851 E -(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F1(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 319.2 -R F2<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 -F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>144 343.2 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G -2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1 -(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 355.2 Q F0 -(Be)22.52 E(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde) -2.82 E(x)-.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 -E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 367.2 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2 -<ad74>144 379.2 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E -(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 391.2 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2<ad43>144 403.2 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E -(aluate)-.25 E F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F1(quantum) -2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F2<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 415.2 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F1 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 432 Q F2<ad43>2.967 E F0 .467 -(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F2<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 -(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1 -(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 444 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G -2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be assig\ -ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 -(as additional ar)144 456 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 468 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 484.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 501.6 Q F0 1.906 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) -4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 513.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(map\214le)144 84 Q F0 1.905 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(arr)4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 96 Q -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F2(popd)108 530.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 542.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 -(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G -.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 -G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -554.4 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 566.4 Q F2<ad6e>144 578.4 Q F0 .551 +F1(popd)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 +(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G +.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 +136.8 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 148.8 Q F1<ad6e>144 160.8 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 590.4 Q F2(+)144 602.4 Q F1(n)A -F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E F0 +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 172.8 Q F1(+)144 184.8 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F -F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -614.4 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 +196.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2<ad>144 626.4 Q F1(n)A F0 -(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F1(n)3.759 E F0 -1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 -F F2(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 -638.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 655.2 R F2(popd) -3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F2(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F2(popd)5.643 -E F0 .415(returns f)144 667.2 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 679.2 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad76>A F1(var)2.5 E F0(]) -A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 -(Write the formatted)144 708 R F1(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F1(format)3.936 -E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F2<ad76>3.936 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 720 R(ariable)-.25 -E F1(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard)2.626 -F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(59)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 60 60 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(output.)144 84 Q(The)144 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format) -3.018 E F0 .517(is a character string which contains three types of obj\ -ects: plain characters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standar\ -d output, character escape sequences, which are con)144 120 R -.15(ve) --.4 G .704(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and forma\ -t speci\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 132 R -.036(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar)144 144 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F1 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-) --.25 E(ing e)144 156 Q(xtensions:)-.15 E F2(%b)144 168 Q F0(causes)20.44 -E F2(printf)5.115 E F0 2.615(to e)5.115 F 2.615 -(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F1(ar) -5.115 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)180 180 Q .608(xcept that)-.15 F F2(\\c) -3.108 E F0 .608(terminates output, backslashes in)3.108 F F2<5c08>3.108 -E F0(,)A F2(\\")3.108 E F0 3.108(,a)C(nd)-3.108 E F2(\\?)3.108 E F0 .608 +-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 208.8 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 +1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 220.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 +E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 +237.6 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1 +(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) +3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 249.6 R .416 +(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 261.6 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 +(Write the formatted)144 290.4 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 +E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 302.4 R(ariable) +-.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) +2.626 F(output.)144 314.4 Q(The)144 338.4 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ +cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 362.4 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 374.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 386.4 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 398.4 Q F0(causes)20.44 E F1(printf)5.115 E +F0 2.615(to e)5.115 F 2.615 +(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) +5.115 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)180 410.4 Q .608(xcept that)-.15 F F1(\\c) +3.108 E F0 .608(terminates output, backslashes in)3.108 F F1<5c08>3.108 +E F0(,)A F1(\\")3.108 E F0 3.108(,a)C(nd)-3.108 E F1(\\?)3.108 E F0 .608 (are not remo)3.108 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .608(d, and octal).15 F(escapes be) -180 192 Q(ginning with)-.15 E F2(\\0)2.5 E F0 -(may contain up to four digits\).)2.5 E F2(%q)144 204 Q F0(causes)20.44 -E F2(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F1(ar)2.51 -E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 216 Q F2(%\()144 228 Q F1(datefmt)A F2(\)T)A F0(causes)180 -240 Q F2(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F1(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 252 R F1 -(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F1(ar) +180 422.4 Q(ginning with)-.15 E F1(\\0)2.5 E F0 +(may contain up to four digits\).)2.5 E F1(%q)144 434.4 Q F0(causes) +20.44 E F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2 +(ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell) +2.51 F(input.)180 446.4 Q F1(%\()144 458.4 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 +(causes)180 470.4 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 482.4 R F2 +(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -264 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F -.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F -(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 276 Q(as in) --.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(Ar)144 292.8 Q .464(guments to n\ -on-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 304.8 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +494.4 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F +.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 +(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 506.4 R .847 +(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 +F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 518.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 +G .355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G +2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 +(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 530.4 Q +(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 547.2 Q .463(guments to non-string format s\ +peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 559.2 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 316.8 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 333.6 Q F1(format)3.424 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F1(ar)3.423 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F1(ar)144 345.6 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 571.2 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 588 Q F2(format)3.423 E F0 +.923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) +3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 600 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 +.033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 357.6 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(pushd) -108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 -2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ -rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 398.4 R 3.139(wt) --.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 410.4 R -1.315(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F -1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G -1.316(irectories and)-3.816 F .872 -(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 422.4 R 5.871(.A) --.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 434.4 Q -F2<ad6e>144 446.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\ +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 612 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) +108 628.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 640.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ +irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 652.8 R 3.14(wt) +-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 664.8 R 1.316 +(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315 +(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315 +(irectories and)-3.815 F .871 +(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 676.8 R 5.871(.A) +-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 688.8 Q +F1<ad6e>144 700.8 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\ hen adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F -(only the stack is manipulated.)180 458.4 Q F2(+)144 470.4 Q F1(n)A F0 -1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 -(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by) --.25 F F2(dirs)180 482.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 494.4 Q F1(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(only the stack is manipulated.)180 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(62)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 63 63 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 +(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)180 96 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1<ad>144 108 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 +F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F2(dirs)180 506.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 518.4 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 -G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 535.2 -R F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2(dirs) -2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488 -(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039 -(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 547.2 R F1(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G -3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 -1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 559.2 -R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\ -s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 -571.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 -588 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 600 R .845 +F F1(dirs)180 120 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 +E F2(dir)144.35 132 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) +-.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 144 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) +2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 160.8 R F1(pushd)2.989 +E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 172.8 R F2(dir) +3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) +-.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 +(stack is empty)144 184.8 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ + directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 196.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 225.6 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -612 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181 -(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2(set) -2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263(enabled. If) -144 624 R(the)3.263 E F2<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 +237.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 249.6 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 636 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 648 Q F2 -.18(re)108 664.8 S(ad) -.18 E F0([)3.816 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad61>-3.816 E F1(aname) -3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad64>-3.816 E F1(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2 -<ad69>-3.816 E F1(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad6e>-3.816 E F1 -(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad4e>-3.817 E F1(nc) -3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad70>-3.817 E F1(pr)3.817 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad74>-3.817 E F1(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F2<ad75>-3.817 E F1(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 676.8 Q F1(name)A F0 -(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ -\214le descriptor)144 688.8 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 700.8 Q F2<ad75>2.539 E F0 .039 + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 261.6 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 273.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 290.4 S +(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 E F2 +(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F1<ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad6e> +-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.817 E +F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad70>-3.817 E F2(pr) +3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 +3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 302.4 Q F2(name)A +F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ +e \214le descriptor)144 314.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 326.4 Q F1<ad75>2.539 E F0 .039 (option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst) --.1 F F1(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G .038(he second w)-2.538 F .038 -(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.538 E F0(,).18 E .42 -(and so on, with lefto)144 712.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 +-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G .038(he second w)-2.538 F .038 +(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0(,).18 E .42 +(and so on, with lefto)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 (ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 -(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) -.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 724.8 R .541(wer w) +(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) +.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 350.4 R .541(wer w) -.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ -ames are assigned empty)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) -135.965 E(60)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 61 61 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.25(va)144 84 S 2.51(lues. The).25 F .011(characters in)2.511 F -/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 -(are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011 -(backslash character \()2.511 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m) -C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891(be used to remo)144 96 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -2.191 -.15(ny s).15 H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.89 -(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F -(Options, if supplied, ha)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 120 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname) -2.5 E F0 1.049(The w)180 132 R 1.049 +ames are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 362.4 S 3.357(lues. The).25 F +.857(characters in)3.357 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.357 E F0 .857 +(are used to split the line into w)3.107 F .857 +(ords using the same rules the shell)-.1 F .754(uses for e)144 374.4 R +.753(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F 1.053 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F1 -.75(Wo)3.253 G .753(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.253(\). The)B .753 +(backslash character \()3.253 F F1(\\)A F0 3.253(\)m)C .753(ay be)-3.253 +F .075(used to remo)144 386.4 R .375 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .375 -.15(ny s).15 +H .075(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .076 +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Options,)5.076 E +(if supplied, ha)144 398.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 410.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) +180 422.4 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F3 -(aname)180.33 144 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 -(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 -E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 156 Q F3(delim)2.5 E F0 -(The \214rst character of)180 168 Q F3(delim)2.5 E F0 +-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F +F2(aname)180.33 434.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 446.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E +F0(The \214rst character of)180 458.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F2<ad65>144 180 Q F0 .373 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F2 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F1(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218 -(to obtain the line.)180 192 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def) -5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F -(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G -(diting settings.)-2.5 E F2<ad69>144 216 Q F3(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If) -10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F3(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 228 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 240 Q F3(nc)2.5 E(har) --.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 252 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394 -(returns after reading)3.894 F F3(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 -(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input, b)180 264 Q(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 -E F3(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 -(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad4e>144 276 -Q F3(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 288 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269 -(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E -(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 300 R F2 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.275 F 1.003 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 312 R -F2 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F3(nc)3.502 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 324 Q F2<ad70>144 336 Q -F3(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 348 Q F3(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 +F1<ad65>144 470.4 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re) +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 +(to obtain the line.)180 482.4 R .218 +(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 +(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E +(acti)180 494.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E +F1<ad69>144 506.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 +G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te) +2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E +.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 518.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 +530.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 542.4 S(ad).18 E +F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E +F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 +(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 554.4 Q +(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E +(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +<ad4e>144 566.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 578.4 S +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) +3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F +1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 590.4 R F1 -.18(re) +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 602.4 +R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) +3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 614.4 Q F1<ad70> +144 626.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 638.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 (ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read) --.25 F(an)180 360 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2 -<ad72>144 372 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 384 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +-.25 F(an)180 650.4 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 +<ad72>144 662.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 674.4 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F2<ad73>144 396 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2 -<ad74>144 408 Q F3(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 420 Q F2 -.18(re)3.548 G -(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048 -(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F3(timeout) -180 432 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F3(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997 -(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing) --.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 444 R .576(This option is only ef) -5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F2 -.18(re)3.076 G -(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .142 -(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 456 R .142 -(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.141 E -F3(timeout)2.641 E F0 .141(is 0,)2.641 F F2 -.18(re)180 468 S(ad).18 E -F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.613 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .114 -(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 480 Q -(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 -E F2<ad75>144 492 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) -14.46 E F3(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 508.8 R F3(names)3.052 E F0 -.192(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable) --.25 E F1(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191 -(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 520.8 R F2 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad) +-.25 E F1<ad73>144 686.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 +<ad74>144 698.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 710.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 +G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 722.4 R F2(timeout)3.061 E +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(63)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 64 64 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(with a fractional portion follo)180 84 Q(wing the decimal point.) +-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 +E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is reading input\ + from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 96 R +.506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 108 R .59(gular \214les.) +-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589(times out,)3.09 F F1 +-.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 +-.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F +-.25(va)180 120 S(riable).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.77 E F0 +5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re) +2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27 +(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12 +(The e)180 132 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G +1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G +1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 144 R -.15(ex)2.5 G +(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E +F1<ad75>144 156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 +E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 172.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 .191 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)-.25 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .192(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 184.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad) .18 E F0 1.343 -(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F -(128\), or an in)144 532.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F2 -<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.18(re)108 549.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A -F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 561.6 R -.15(ve) --.25 G(n).15 E F3(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77 -(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F3(names)3.63 E F0 +(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F .871 +(128\), a v)144 196.8 R .871 +(ariable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v)-.25 F +.872(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E +(\214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 208.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 +<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 225.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77 +(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 -573.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F2<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F3 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 585.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) --.1 F F2<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 +249.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) --3.334 F F2<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 597.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F2<ad41>3.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F3(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 609.6 R -.15(ve) --.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 +-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 273.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 285.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 621.6 R(The)5.296 E F2 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 297.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 <ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 633.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -645.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) --3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F3(wor) +144 309.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +321.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 657.6 R F3(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) --.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F2<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F3(name)144.36 669.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108 686.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F3(n)A F0(])A .586(Causes a function to e)144 698.4 R .587 -(xit with the return v)-.15 F .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F3(n)3.087 -E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 E F3(n)3.447 E F0 .587 -(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 -(that of the last command e)144 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 -(cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G -1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe) -144 722.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)3.294 E F0(\() -5.794 E F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 -(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795 -(cuting that script).15 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 -E(61)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 62 62 +144 333.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 345.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 362.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 374.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F +5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .469 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .469(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.469(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.469 E +F1 -.18(re)2.969 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .468(is used out-)2.969 F .466 +(side a function, b)144 398.4 R .466(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.467(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.967 E F0(\()5.467 E F1(sour) +A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.967(\)c)C .467(ommand, it causes the shell to)-2.967 F +.088(stop e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .087 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)2.947 E F0 .087 +(or the e)2.827 F .087(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .087(cuted within).15 F .613(the script as the e)144 422.4 R .613 +(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.613 E F2(n)3.113 E F0 .613 +(is supplied, the return v)3.113 F .613 +(alue is its least signi\214cant 8)-.25 F 2.511(bits. The)144 434.4 R +.011(return status is non-zero if)2.511 F F1 -.18(re)2.511 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .011(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.511 F .01 +(gument, or is used outside)-.18 F 2.909(af)144 446.4 S .409 +(unction and not during e)-2.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .41 +(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.91 E F0(or)3.743 E F1(sour)2.91 E +(ce)-.18 E F0 5.41(.A)C .71 -.15(ny c)-5.41 H .41 +(ommand associated with the).15 F F1(RETURN)144 458.4 Q F0(trap is e)2.5 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cution resumes after the function or script.).15 E F1(set)108 475.2 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E +F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E +F1(set)108 487.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 499.2 S .836(thout options, the name and v).4 F +.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835 +(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 511.2 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 523.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 +.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 535.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 547.2 R 1.623 +(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) +144 559.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 571.2 Q +F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 +(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54 +(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 583.2 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.) +-.4 E F1<ad62>144 595.2 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F +2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 607.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 619.2 Q F0 +.087(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 631.2 Q +F2 1.294(compound command)3.794 F F0(\(see)3.794 E F3 1.294 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.794 F F0(abo)3.544 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.793(\), e).15 F +1.293(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 +643.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 +(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 655.2 Q +1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 667.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 679.2 R +F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) +-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E +-.25(va)184 691.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 +(non-zero status because a command f)184 703.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 715.2 R 2.677 +(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 +(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 +(option applies to)2.678 F 3.325(the shell en)184 727.2 R 3.325 +(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F 3.325(vironment separately \(see) +-.4 F F3(COMMAND)5.824 E F0(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 +E(64)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .246(and return either)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.106 E -F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245 -(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 96 R .082 -(If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 -(cution of a script by).15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)2.582 E F0 2.582 -(,t).833 G .082(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 108 R 4.806 -(alse. An)-.1 F 4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 -F F2(RETURN)4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E -(resumes after the function or script.)144 120 Q F2(set)108 136.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1 -(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F2 -(set)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o) --2.5 E F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 160.8 S .835(thout options, the name and v).4 F -.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .836 -(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 172.8 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 184.8 R F1 .447(posix mode) -2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 -(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 -(locale. When)144 196.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) --.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 -(after option processing are treated as v)144 208.8 R 1.624 -(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 220.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F2($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($2)2.5 E F0(,)A -F2 2.5(... $)2.5 F F1(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 232.8 Q -F0 .54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 -(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F -.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 244.8 Q -(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F2<ad62>144 256.8 Q F0 .131 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F -2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 268.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F2<ad65>144 280.8 Q F0 -.511(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F1(pipeline)3.011 E F0 .511 -(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F1 .51(simple command)3.01 F F0 -3.01(\), a)B F1(sub-)3.01 E(shell)184 292.8 Q F0 .872 -(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.372 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399 -(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 304.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.399(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G -.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.968(status. The)184 316.8 R 1.468 -(shell does not e)3.968 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 -(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .57(immediately follo)184 328.8 -R .57(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F2(until)3.07 E F0 -.1 -(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .569 -(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F2(elif)3.069 E F0(reserv) -184 340.8 Q .909(ed w)-.15 F .909(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.409(yc)-.15 G -.909(ommand e)-3.409 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .909(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.409 -E F0(or)3.409 E F2(||)3.41 E F0 .91(list e)3.41 F .91(xcept the command) --.15 F(follo)184 352.8 Q .05(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)2.55 E F0(or) -2.55 E F2(||)2.55 E F0 2.55(,a)C .35 -.15(ny c)-2.55 H .049 -(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .049(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F -(s)-.55 E .372(return v)184 364.8 R .372(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .372(rted with).15 F F2(!)2.872 E F0 5.372(.A)C .372(trap on) --2.5 F F2(ERR)2.872 E F0 2.872(,i)C 2.873(fs)-2.872 G .373(et, is e) --2.873 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .373(cuted before the shell).15 F -.15(ex)184 -376.8 S 2.897(its. This).15 F .397(option applies to the shell en)2.897 -F .396(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .396(vironment sepa-)-.4 F -.19(rately \(see)184 388.8 R F3 .19(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.69 F -(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.44 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .19 -(\), and may cause subshells).15 F(to e)184 400.8 Q(xit before e)-.15 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F2<ad66> -144 412.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2<ad68>144 -424.8 Q F0 2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738 -(ya)-.15 G 2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -4.738(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 436.8 Q(ault.)-.1 -E F2<ad6b>144 448.8 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514 +-.35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .106(EXECUTION ENVIR)184 84 R(ONMENT)-.27 E +F0(abo)2.356 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .107(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 +F .107(xit before e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E +(all the commands in the subshell.)184 96 Q 2.042 +(If a compound command or shell function e)184 114 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<ad65>4.542 E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435 +(ignored, none of the commands e)184 126 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 +(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 +(body will be af)184 138 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F2<ad65>2.694 E F0 +.193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F2 +<ad65>2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) +-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 150 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 +(ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F2<ad65>3.39 E F0 .89 +(while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E +(where)184 162 Q F2<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 174 Q F2 +<ad66>144 186 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2<ad68> +144 198 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F +4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 210 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F2<ad6b>144 222 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 460.8 Q F2 -<ad6d>144 472.8 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .149 -(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F -.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .636 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 484.8 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .637 -(processes run in a)3.136 F .642 -(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 496.8 R .641 -(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 508.8 Q F2 -<ad6e>144 520.8 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)28.74 F .652(ut do not e)-.2 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 -532.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 -E F2<ad6f>144 544.8 Q F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 556.8 Q F1 -(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 -(allexport)184 568.8 Q F0(Same as)224 580.8 Q F2<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(braceexpand)184 592.8 Q F0(Same as)224 604.8 Q F2<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(emacs)184 616.8 Q F0 .089 +F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 234 Q F2 +<ad6d>144 246 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148 +(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F +.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 258 R F1 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 270 R .679 +(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ +s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 282 S(it status.).15 E F2<ad6e>144 294 Q F0 .653 +(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 +(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) +5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 306 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2<ad6f>144 318 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 330 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0 +(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2(allexport)184 342 Q F0 +(Same as)224 354 Q F2<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(braceexpand)184 366 Q F0 +(Same as)224 378 Q F2<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(emacs)184 390 Q F0 .089 (Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This) -.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 628.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G -.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F2(\255\255noediting) -3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 640.8 R(also af)2.5 E -(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G -(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F2(err)184 652.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E -F2<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(errtrace)184 664.8 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F2<ad45> -2.5 E F0(.)A F2(functrace)184 676.8 Q F0(Same as)224 688.8 Q F2<ad54>2.5 -E F0(.)A F2(hashall)184 700.8 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F2<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(62)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 63 63 +(when the shell is interacti)224 402 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F2(\255\255noediting)3.45 E +F0 2.5(option. This)224 414 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F2(err) +184 426 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F2<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 +(errtrace)184 438 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F2<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(functrace) +184 450 Q F0(Same as)224 462 Q F2<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(hashall)184 474 Q +F0(Same as)9.43 E F2<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(histexpand)184 486 Q F0 +(Same as)224 498 Q F2<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(history)184 510 Q F0 .586 +(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587 +(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(HIST)3.087 E +(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is) +5.087 F(on by def)224 522 Q(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hells.).15 E F2(ignor)184 534 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 546 R +1.657(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF +(IGNOREEOF=10)4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted) +.15 E(\(see)224 558 Q F2(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2 -.1(ke)184 570 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as) +224 582 Q F2<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(monitor)184 594 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F2 +<ad6d>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(noclob)184 606 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 618 Q F2 +<ad43>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(noexec)184 630 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F2<ad6e>2.5 E +F0(.)A F2(noglob)184 642 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 +(nolog)184 654 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F2(notify)184 666 Q F0 +(Same as)15 E F2<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(nounset)184 678 Q F0(Same as)6.66 +E F2<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(onecmd)184 690 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F2<ad74>2.5 +E F0(.)A F2(ph)184 702 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F2<ad50>2.5 E +F0(.)A F2(pipefail)184 714 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 +(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 726 R +1.136 +(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) +-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(65)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histexpand)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F1 -<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 108 Q F0 .587(Enable command history) -10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E -(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F -(on by def)224 120 Q(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(ignor)184 132 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 144 R 1.656 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -156 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 168 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 180 Q F1 -<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 192 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 204 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 228 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(noglob)184 240 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 -252 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 264 Q F0(Same as)15 E -F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 276 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 288 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(ph)184 300 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(pipefail)184 312 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 -(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 324 R -1.136 -(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 336 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 348 Q F0 -2.091(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 -2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 -(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 360 Q -/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 372 Q(vileged) --.1 E F0(Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 396 S -(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 408 Q F0 -1.465(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.966 -(ace. This)-.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F -(interf)224 420 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0 -(.)A F1(xtrace)184 432 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 -450 Q F1<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5 -(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 -462 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 -3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 -(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 474 Q F1<ad70> -144 486 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 498 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 510 -S(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 -(and)2.775 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G .524 -(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 522 R .379 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 534 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 546 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 +-.35 E -.15(ex)224 84 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(posix)184 96 Q F0 2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1 +(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif) +-.1 F 2.091(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212 +(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212 +(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 120 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G +2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 +132 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 144 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +156 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 168 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as) +7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 180 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965(ace. This)-.1 +F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 192 Q +(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace)184 +204 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 222 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 +E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053 +(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553(alues of the current options are printed.) +-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 234 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F +F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set) +3.571 E F0 1.071(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 246 Q F1<ad70> +144 258 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 270 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)184 282 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 294 R .38 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) +-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 306 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 318 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> -2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 558 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G -.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 570 Q F1<ad74>144 582 Q F0 +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 330 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 342 Q F1<ad74>144 354 Q F0 (Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15 -E F1<ad75>144 594 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .043(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\ +E F1<ad75>144 366 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\ bles and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an) --.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 606 R 2.683 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 +-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 378 R 2.682 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 618 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 390 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -630 Q F1<ad76>144 642 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) --.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 654 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 -(xpanding each)-.15 F F5 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) +402 Q F1<ad76>144 414 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) +-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 426 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 +(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) 2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E -F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 666 R F1 +F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 438 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)3.736 E F3(,)A F0(follo) -3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 678 Q +(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo) +3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 450 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -<ad42>144 690 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 +<ad42>144 462 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 702 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 714 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E -F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 474 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 486 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E +F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F -5.436(tors. This)184 726 R 2.936(may be o)5.436 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.936 -(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection).15 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(63)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 64 64 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(operator)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of) -2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad45>144 96 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F -2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 -F .839(mands e)184 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 120 Q F1 -<ad48>144 132 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 -(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 144 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 156 Q F0 1.165 -(If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821 -(that change the current w)184 168 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 180 R(def)2.686 +2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F +3.053(tors. This)184 498 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) +.15 F(tor)184 510 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 522 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) +-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 +F .838(mands e)184 534 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 546 Q F1 +<ad48>144 558 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 570 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 582 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)28.19 F 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 +(that change the current w)184 594 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 606 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 192 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -204 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 618 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +630 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 642 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 228 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 240 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 654 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 666 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 252 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 264 Q F0 1.945 -(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g) --.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 276 R F1 -<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 288 Q .425(The options are of)144 -304.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 678 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 +690 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 +(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G +1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 702 R +F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 714 Q .425(The options are of)144 +730.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 316.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 +768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(66)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 67 67 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .178(to be turned of)144 84 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 328.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 -5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 340.8 Q F1(shift)108 357.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 369.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G -.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 381.6 Q F1($#)2.583 -E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 393.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 -.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F -(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 405.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 -.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 417.6 Q F1(shopt)108 434.4 Q F0([) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 108 Q F1(shift)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 +136.8 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) +2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F +(bers)144 148.8 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) +2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082 +(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H +.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f) +-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 160.8 +R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 +(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 +(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143 +(positional parameters are not changed.)144 172.8 R .144 +(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144 +(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 184.8 Q F1(shopt)108 201.6 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 446.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 -(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F -(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1 -<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\ -ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 458.4 R(The) -144 470.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ -d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options) -5.328 F(ha)144 482.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) --.25 E F1<ad73>144 494.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 -E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 506.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 518.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ -put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2 -(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 530.4 R .255 -(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256 -(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1 -<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F -(all)180 542.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) -2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 554.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0 -(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128 -(If either)144 571.2 R F1<ad73>2.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F1<ad75>2.628 E F0 -.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 -(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023 -(are set or unset, respecti)144 583.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023 -(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0 -1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 595.2 Q(ault.) +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 213.6 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E +5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 +(listed belo)144 225.6 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 +(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 +F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 237.6 R .826 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F +.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 249.6 R(The)5.945 E +F1<ad70>3.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) +3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 261.6 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 273.6 Q +F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 285.6 +Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 +297.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)24.74 F F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255 +(set or unset.)180 309.6 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E +F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 321.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 333.6 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 350.4 R F1 +<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 +(set or unset, respecti)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +-.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 374.4 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -612 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +391.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) 4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 624 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 636 Q(The list of)144 652.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 670.8 Q F0 .2 +144 403.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 +(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 415.2 Q(The list of)144 432 Q F1(shopt) +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 450 Q F0 .2 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 682.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 462 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 694.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 706.8 R .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 474 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 486 R .155 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 718.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(64)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 65 65 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cdspell)144 84 Q F0 1.055 +(name of a v)184 498 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 510 Q F0 +1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) 10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 96 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(corrected. The)184 522 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 108 R 4.352 -.65(y. I) --.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 -(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F -(the command proceeds.)184 120 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 132 Q F0 2.079 -(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)4.579 E F0 2.079 +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 534 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 +(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F +(the command proceeds.)184 546 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 558 Q F0 2.079 +(If set,)184 570 R F1(bash)4.579 E F0 2.079 (checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F 2.08 -(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 156 S(cute it.).15 E +(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 582 S(cute it.).15 E (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 168 Q -F0 .449(If set,)184 180 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 594 Q +F0 .449(If set,)184 606 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 (lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 192 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 618 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 204 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 216 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +(attempted without an interv)184 630 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 642 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 228 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 -240 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 654 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 +666 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G .797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G -.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 252 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E -F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 -264 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa) +.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 678 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E +F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 +690 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa) 3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -276 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 288 Q -F0 .419(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919 -F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) --.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the)184 312 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0 -(conditional command')2.5 E(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.5 E F0(operator)2.5 E(.) --.55 E F1(compat32)144 324 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 336 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 -1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.265 -(string comparison when using the)184 348 R F1([[)3.766 E F0 1.266 -(conditional command')3.766 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.766 E F0(and)3.766 E F1(>) -3.766 E F0 3.766(operators. Bash)3.766 F -.15(ve)184 360 S .513 -(rsions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and).15 F/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.012 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .512 -(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the).19 F(current locale')184 372 Q 2.5 -(sc)-.55 G(ollation sequence and)-2.5 E F4(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 -(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat40)144 384 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 396 R F1(bash) -3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F -1.41(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 -(string comparison when using the)184 408 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +702 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2014 February 2)141.79 E(67)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 68 68 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat31)144 84 Q F0 .419(If set,)184 96 R +F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919 F .419(vior to that of v) +-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E +.462(to the)184 108 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F +(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 +(using the)184 120 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 +(use ASCII collation and)184 132 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E +(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') +.19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 144 Q F2(str)2.5 +E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 156 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 +168 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 +(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 +(string comparison when using the)184 180 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) -2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F(vious item\) and the ef)184 -420 Q(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(compat41)144 432 Q -F0 1.443(If set,)184 444 R F1(bash)3.943 E F0 3.943(,w)C 1.444 -(hen in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter) --3.943 F -.15(ex)184 456 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F -5.959(.T)-.55 G .958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.458(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 468 +2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F(vious item\).)184 192 Q F1 +(compat40)144 204 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409 +(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 +(string comparison when using the)184 228 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 240 R +F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) +-.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 +252 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 +(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 264 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 276 Q F0 1.483(If set,) +184 288 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F F2(posix) +3.983 E F0 1.484 +(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 +(ex)184 300 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G +.958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 +(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 312 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 -(posix mode through v)184 480 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +(posix mode through v)184 324 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) 5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 492 Q F1(dirspell)144 504 Q -F0 .858(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 336 Q F1(compat42)144 348 Q +F0 1.796(If set,)184 360 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +(does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 372 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 384 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 +396 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214le\ +names and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 +(forming completion.)184 408 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E +F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 +(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ +haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 +420 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 432 R .028 +(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 444 R 1.073 +(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 +(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 +(ev e)184 456 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 +468 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 480 Q +(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 492 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 +(If set,)184 504 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F +.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 +516 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) +184 528 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 540 Q F0 .858(If set,)7.77 F +F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 516 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 528 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 552 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 564 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 540 Q F0 1.386 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 576 Q F0 1.386 (If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 (hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 552 Q +1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 588 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 564 Q F0 -.717(If set, aliases are e)184 576 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 -F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716 -(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 588 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 600 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 -(If set, beha)184 612 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 624 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.25 E -F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 -G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 636 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 648 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 600 Q F0 +.717(If set, aliases are e)184 612 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 +F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E +/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 624 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 636 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 648 Q +(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 +660 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1 +(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 672 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 684 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 660 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 672 Q F0 .84 +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 696 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 708 Q F0 .84 (If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 684 S .488 +(exe)220 720 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 696 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 --.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 708 Q -F2 -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G -(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904(are updated as described in their descriptions) -3.154 F(abo)220 720 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(65)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 66 66 +-.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(68)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(5.)184 84 Q F0 1.359 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sour)220 84 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 +(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)28.5 G +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 108 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 120 Q F0 1.359 (Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359 (command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220 -96 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F2 10 +132 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 (DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.) -184 108 Q F0 .804(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805 -(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 120 -Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F2 +184 144 Q F0 .804(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805 +(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 156 +Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3 (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.) -2.5 E F1(extglob)144 132 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 +2.5 E F1(extglob)144 168 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 144 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 156 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 168 R -F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 -E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) --4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 180 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 192 Q F0 +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 180 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 192 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 204 R +F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 +E F0(")A F3(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) +-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 216 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 228 Q F0 1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 204 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 216 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 228 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 -(ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 -(when performing w)184 240 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 -(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 252 R F3 -.447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f) --.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)184 -264 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 276 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)5 F -F1(**)3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte) --.15 F .518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 288 R .431 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 240 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 252 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 264 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) +-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 276 R .32 +(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 +(pletions. See)184 288 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 +F(enabled by def)184 300 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 312 Q F0 +2.519(If set, range e)184 324 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 336 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +(nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 348 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 360 R F1(A) +3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F +.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 372 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 384 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)5 F F1(**)3.019 E F0 +.519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 396 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -300 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 312 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 324 Q F1(histappend)144 -336 Q F0 .676 +408 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 420 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 432 Q F1(histappend)144 +444 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -348 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 360 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 372 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +456 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 468 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 480 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .575(If set, and)184 492 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 (is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 (he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 396 Q F1(histv)144 408 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 -(If set, and)184 420 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +(tory substitution.)184 504 Q F1(histv)144 516 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 528 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 432 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 540 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 444 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 552 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 456 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +(hostcomplete)144 564 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 576 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -480 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +588 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 492 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 504 Q F0(If set,) -184 516 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 600 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 612 Q F0(If set,) +184 624 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 528 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 -.33(If set, allo)184 540 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 636 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 +.33(If set, allo)184 648 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 552 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 564 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 576 Q F0 1.212 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 660 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 672 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 684 Q F0 1.212 (If set, and job control is not acti)6.66 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,t).15 G 1.212(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not)-3.712 F -.15 -(exe)184 588 S(cuted in the background in the current shell en).15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 600 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F +(exe)184 696 S(cuted in the background in the current shell en).15 E +(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 708 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F -(with embedded ne)184 612 Q -(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 624 Q F0 .486 -(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -636 R F3(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 648 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 660 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 -672 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 684 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F2(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 696 -Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 -(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F3 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 720 Q -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(66)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 67 67 +(with embedded ne)184 720 Q +(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(69)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 96 -R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti) -2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F --.15(ex)184 108 S(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion) -.1 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 120 Q F0 -1.194(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H -1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F(while e)184 144 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([[)2.5 E F0 -(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 156 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 -168 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(login_shell)144 84 Q F0 .486 +(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 +96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) +2.736 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 108 S +(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 120 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814 +(If set, and a \214le that)184 132 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.1(wa)184 144 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 +(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 156 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E +F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 180 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 192 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 216 S +(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 228 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +240 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 +F(while e)184 252 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 +E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 264 Q F0 +.854(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 (ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 (thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) --3.355 E -.15(ex)184 180 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 192 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 204 R .677(acilities \(see) +-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 288 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 300 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 312 R .677(acilities \(see) -.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 216 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 228 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 240 R 1.448 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 324 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 336 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 348 R 1.448 (go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 252 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 360 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 264 Q(ault.)-.1 E -F1 -.18(re)144 276 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +-.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 384 +S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 288 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 300 Q 4.178 +184 396 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 408 Q 4.178 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F 1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) -184 312 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +184 420 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 324 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 336 R F1 +F1(shift_v)144 432 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 444 R F1 (shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 348 Q F1(sour) -144 360 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 372 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 456 Q F1(sour) +144 468 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 480 R F1(sour)3.271 E (ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) -3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 384 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 396 Q F0(If set, the)184 408 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +184 492 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 504 Q F0(If set, the)184 516 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 424.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 436.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 532.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 (cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 448.8 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023 +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 556.8 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023 (option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 460.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 568.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 477.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 489.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 -(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G -(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188 -(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 501.6 R 3.688 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F -1.889(described abo)144 513.6 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)4.389 E 1.889(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)6.389 E F0 1.89(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.39(yo)-.15 G 1.89 -(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 525.6 Q -(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 543.6 R .785 +E F1(test)108 585.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 597.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)6.77 F .878 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 609.6 +S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 +(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 +(primaries described abo)144 621.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 633.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 651.6 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 555.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(dence. The)144 663.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 567.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 579.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(used when there are \214v)144 675.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 687.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E -(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 591.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 699.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 603.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 615.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 627.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 639.6 S -(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -651.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 668.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E -F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E -(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 686.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 698.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(67)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 68 68 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 711.6 Q +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(70)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 2.5(1a)144 84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 96 Q +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)144 84 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(a)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S +(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F1 -.2(ex)144 108 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E +F2(o)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 120 S(ue if either).35 E +F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +(is true.)2.52 E F2(test)144 136.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E F0 -.25 +(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 154.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 166.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 178.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 190.8 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 -120 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C -.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 -F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 132 R .38 +E 2.5(2a)144 202.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 214.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 226.8 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 -144 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 +238.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 156 Q +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 250.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 168 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 180 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 262.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 274.8 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 192 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A -F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 204 R .578(xpression is the res\ -ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) --.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 216 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832 E F0(and) -3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 286.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 298.8 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 310.8 R(The)6.332 E F2<ad61>3.832 +E F0(and)3.832 E F2<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 228 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F -.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 -(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 -E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 240 R 3.021 -(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 252 Q -.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 -(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 -F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 264 Q -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 276 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 288 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1 -(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385 -(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 300 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 312 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 324 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 -E 1.635(The e)180 336 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F -(abo)180 348 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 366 Q F1(test) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 382.8 Q F0 +(three ar)180 322.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 +334.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) +3.021 F(ar)180 346.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.985 +E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 358.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +370.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 382.8 R +.384(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 394.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 +406.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 418.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 430.8 R 1.635 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 +442.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 460.8 Q F2(test)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 +(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F2(times)108 477.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 394.8 -Q F1(trap)108 411.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.702(The command)144 423.6 R F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 -(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4 -(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) -144 435.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E -F0 3.108(,e)C .608 + processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 489.6 +Q F2(trap)108 506.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F1(ar) +A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 +518.4 R F1(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203 +(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F1(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f) +-5.703 E F1(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609 +(absent \(and there is a single)144 530.4 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 +(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F2<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 447.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 459.6 Q F0 .581 +.658(\(the v)144 542.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) +144.34 554.4 Q F0 .581 (is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 -(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 471.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 483.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F2<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 566.4 R +F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 578.4 R F2<ad70>3.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 495.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +(signal. The)144 590.4 R F2<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F -4.311(bers. Each)144 507.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +4.311(bers. Each)144 602.4 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81 (>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E -(names are case insensiti)144 519.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 537.6 R F4 -(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 -(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +(names are case insensiti)144 614.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 632.4 R F1 +(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 +(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.649(If a)6.649 F F4(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 549.6 Q -(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F4(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.649(If a)6.649 F F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 644.4 Q +(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F1(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.667 E F0 -(command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 561.6 Q F4 +-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.667 E F0 +(command,)3.667 E F1(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 656.4 Q F1 (select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.646 E F0 .147 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 573.6 R F2 .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 668.4 R F3 .146 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 585.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) --.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2 -(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 597.6 Q F4(ar) +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F2(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 680.4 Q F2(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)3.2 E(UG) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 +(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 692.4 Q F1(ar) 3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 609.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 627.6 R F4(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is) -3.738 E F2(ERR)3.429 E F3(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F4(ar)3.759 E -(g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero) --3.429 F -.15(ex)144 639.6 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F -1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F2(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 -(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008 -(ailed com-)-.1 F .324 -(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 651.6 R .324 -(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1 -(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F .151(in an)144 -663.6 R F4(if)2.661 E F0 .151(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)2.651 E F0(or)2.651 E F1(||) -2.651 E F0 .151(list, or if the command')2.651 F 2.651(sr)-.55 G .151 -(eturn v)-2.651 F(alue)-.25 E(is being in)144 675.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G -(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 -E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 -(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -693.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 705.6 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 717.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) --.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2) -72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(68)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 69 69 +.643(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F2(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 704.4 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .521(If a)144 722.4 R F1(sigspec)3.361 E F0(is) +3.331 E F3(ERR)3.021 E F4(,)A F0 .522(the command)2.771 F F1(ar)3.352 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .522(is e)3.242 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .522(cuted whene).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.022(raap).15 G .522(ipeline \(which may consist of a) +-3.022 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(71)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0 -(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 -E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G -(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +-.35 E .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command retu\ +rns a non\255zero e)144 84 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451 +(the follo)144 96 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E/F1 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F +.388(mand list immediately follo)144 108 R .388(wing a)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F2(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke) +2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)2.897 E F0 .387(statement, part)4.847 F .777 +(of a command e)144 120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&) +3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F0 .778(list e)3.278 F .778 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)3.278 +E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F0 3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28 +(command in a pipeline b)144 132 R 1.28(ut the last, or if the command') +-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F2(!)3.78 E F0(.)A +(These are the same conditions obe)144 144 Q(yed by the)-.15 E F2(err) +2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F2<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 +(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 +162 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 174 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 186 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 +E(y)-.15 E F3(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 +202.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 214.8 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F3(name) +3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .086 +F2<ad74>144 226.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F3(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F3 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F3(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F3 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F3 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F3(name)144.36 238.8 Q F0 .086 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F3 (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 250.8 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 +F2<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 262.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F3(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 G -.641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E F1 -<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 -(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)2.612 E -F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 -(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2 -(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 -(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50> -2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F .444 -(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4 --.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .444(If the) -4.944 F F1<ad61>2.944 E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 192 R F1 -(type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 -G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427 -(and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426 -(option is not also used.)2.926 F .426 -(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548(consulted when using) -144 216 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)-5.548 E F1<ad66>3.048 E F0 -.549(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1 -(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 228 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 -(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E -(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 244.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 256.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +144 274.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F2<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F1 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .112(search for each)144 286.8 R F3(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 +(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F4 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 +-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) +.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F2<ad70>2.613 E +F0(and)144 298.8 Q F2<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F +.73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) +-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73 +(If the)5.23 F F2<ad61>144 310.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F2 +(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F3(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T) +.18 G(his)-6.749 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 322.8 R F2<ad70> +3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743 +(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 334.8 R F2<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F2<ad66>3.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) +144 346.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type) +5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 358.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 375.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F3(limit)A F0(]])A +(Pro)144 387.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 +G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 268.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 +.944(that allo)144 399.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F2<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 411.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 292.8 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -304.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 423.6 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F2<ad48>2.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F2<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +435.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F3(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 316.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.742(of the special v)144 447.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 459.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F3(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 340.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 +F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 471.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 352.8 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -<ad61>144 364.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 -376.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E -F1<ad63>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E -F1<ad64>144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) --.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 412.8 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 424.8 Q +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 483.6 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 +<ad61>144 495.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144 +507.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E +F2<ad63>144 519.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E +F2<ad64>144 531.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) +-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 543.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 555.6 Q F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) -26.97 E F1<ad69>144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) -27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 460.8 Q F0 +26.97 E F2<ad69>144 567.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) +27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 579.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E +(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 591.6 Q F0 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 472.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 603.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 -484.8 Q F1<ad70>144 496.8 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 -<ad71>144 508.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1<ad72>144 -520.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 -532.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 544.8 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 556.8 Q +24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 615.6 Q F2<ad70>144 627.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2 +<ad71>144 639.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2<ad72>144 +651.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2<ad73>144 +663.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2<ad74>144 675.6 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 568.8 Q F0 .47 +(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 699.6 Q F0 .47 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47 (ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -580.8 Q F1<ad78>144 592.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E -F1<ad54>144 604.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 -621.6 Q F2(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343 -(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343 -(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi) -144 633.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175 -(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 645.6 -Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) -A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1 -<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E -3.787(ues. The)144 657.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287 +711.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2014 February 2)141.79 E(72)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 73 73 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad78>144 84 Q F0 +(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 96 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 112.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 +(no option is gi)144 124.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> +2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .402(in seconds;)144 +136.8 R F1<ad70>2.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.902 F F1<ad54>2.902 E F0(,) +A F1<ad62>2.902 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.902 E F0 2.902(,a)C(nd)-2.902 E F1 +<ad75>2.903 E F0 2.903(,w)C .403(hich are unscaled)-2.903 F -.25(va)144 +148.8 S 3.083(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083 +F -.25(va)-.4 G .583(lid option or ar).25 F .583 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 -669.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 686.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +160.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 698.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 189.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 710.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -722.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +pted by)144 201.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +213.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 -(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(69)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 70 70 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .547(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 84 R .547 +(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 225.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547 -(option is supplied, and)3.047 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 96 -Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 108 Q +(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 +(mode)144.38 237.6 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 249.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 124.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 136.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 266.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 278.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 290.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 165.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 177.6 S 3.107 -(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E -.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607 -(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the) -5.607 F F1<ad76>144 189.6 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F -2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305 -(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 201.6 Q F0 .46 -(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459 -(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 213.6 R .902 -(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 -(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F -(If)5.903 E(an)144 225.6 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(COMP_W)6.916 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM) -6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3 -(HISTCMD)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.665 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144 -237.6 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81 -G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272 -(ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G -2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.773(ya)-.15 G .273(re subsequently) --2.773 F 2.5(reset. 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