Initial commitHEAD master

First version of graphics acceleration presentation. JIT for July 2019 Replicant contributor meeting. Co-authored-by: Ricardo 'Grim' Cabrita <grimkriegor@krutt.org> Signed-off-by: David Ludovino <dllud@riseup.net>
author: David Ludovino <dllud@riseup.net> 2019-07-27 05:10:17 +0200
committer: David Ludovino <dllud@riseup.net> 2019-07-27 05:10:17 +0200
commit: c5be7ffd5a0e0661a482fbd02f79b6fcde74e159 (patch)
tree: 2c53f14178c1cfd0a5370a4c74ddb249e77e14eb
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+output/
+svg-inkscape/
diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1de437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+TEXFLAGS ?= -halt-on-error -output-format pdf -output-directory output --shell-escape
+TITLE = graphics
+
+.PHONY: all clean
+
+all: output/$(TITLE).pdf
+
+output:
+	mkdir output
+
+output/$(TITLE).pdf: $(TITLE).tex img/Mesa_layers_of_crap_2016.svg output
+	pdflatex $(TEXFLAGS) '\providecommand\locale{en}\input{$(TITLE).tex}'
+	pdflatex $(TEXFLAGS) '\providecommand\locale{en}\input{$(TITLE).tex}'
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf output svg-inkscape
diff --git a/graphics.tex b/graphics.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aff263a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics.tex
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+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Beamer Presentation
+% LaTeX Template
+% Version 1.0 (10/11/12)
+%
+% This template has been downloaded from:
+% http://www.LaTeXTemplates.com
+%
+% License:
+% CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+% PACKAGES AND THEMES
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\documentclass[table]{beamer}
+
+\mode<presentation> {
+\usetheme{Madrid}
+  % Replaces footer line with a simple slide count.
+  \setbeamertemplate{footline}[page number]
+  % Remove navigation symbols.
+  \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
+}
+
+\usepackage{color}
+% Allows the use of \toprule, \midrule and \bottomrule in tables
+%\usepackage{booktabs}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+%T1 fontenc does not work on Parabola
+%\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{datetime}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{svg}
+
+% Use symbols instead of numerals for footnotes.
+\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
+% Reset footnote counter every section.
+\makeatletter
+\@addtoreset{footnote}{subsection}
+\makeatother
+
+
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+% TITLE PAGE
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+% Short title appears at the bottom of every slide.
+% Full title only on the title page.
+\title[graphics]{Graphics acceleration on Replicant}
+
+\author{David Ludovino (@dllud) \and Ricardo Cabrita (@GrimKriegor)\thanks{\footnotesize with great support from Joonas Kylmälä (@Putti)}}
+
+% Your institution as it will appear on the bottom of every slide.
+\institute[NLnet]
+{
+% Your institution for the title page.
+NLnet - NGI0 PET Fund\\
+}
+\newdate{date}{27}{07}{2019}
+\date{\displaydate{date}}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+  % Print the title page as the first slide.
+  \titlepage 
+\end{frame}
+
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+% PRESENTATION SLIDES
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\section{Motivation}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Motivation}
+  All supported devices lack a free software GPU driver.\\\bigskip
+  Replicant 6 relies on libAGL which uses the libpixelflinger software render (both deprecated since 2013).
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Motivation}
+   Lack of GLES 2.0 leads some critical applications to crash (e.g. Firefox)\\\bigskip
+   Rendering performance has degraded throughout Android versions.\\\bigskip
+   Replicant relies on patches to the Android framework to make things like the camera application work.
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\section{Objectives}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Objectives}
+  Put together a graphics stack:\\
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Compatible with Android 9's HALs.
+    \item Provides at least GLES 2.0.
+    \item Flexible enough to do rendering with both Mesa and SwiftShader.
+    \item Uses hardware rendering on devices with a free GPU driver.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\section{Graphics hardware architecture}
+\begin{frame}
+  \Huge{\centerline{Graphics hardware architecture}}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Exynos 4412 SoC components}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Graphics hardware architecture — Exynos 4412 SoC components}
+  \begin{center}
+    \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/odroid-u_block_diagram.jpg}
+    \footnote{Source: Hardkernel Co., Ltd.}
+  \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\section{Graphics software architecture}
+\begin{frame}
+  \Huge{\centerline{Graphics software architecture}}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Android 9 graphics architecture}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Graphics software architecture — Android 9}
+  \begin{center}
+    \includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{img/ape_fwk_graphics.png}
+    \footnote{Source: Android Open Source Project under CC BY 4.0}
+  \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Replicant 9 graphics components}
+\subsubsection{Hardware Composer HAL}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Graphics software architecture — Replicant 9 HWC HAL}
+  Hardware Composer HAL: drm\_hwcomposer
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Supports HWC2 HAL.
+    \item Works on top of DRM (can use hardware composing acceleration).
+    \item Under active maintenance (hosted by freedesktop.org).
+    \item Also used by Android-x86.\\\bigskip
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Gralloc HAL}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Graphics software architecture — Replicant 9 Gralloc HAL}
+  Gralloc HAL: gbm\_gralloc
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Implements Android Gralloc HAL API version 0 and 1.
+    \item Compatible with drm\_hwcomposer.
+    \item Compatible with Mesa. 
+    \item Uses Mesa's GBM (Generic Buffer Management) for buffer allocation through libgbm. GBM then calls DRM.
+    \item Supports PRIME fd.
+    \item Originally by Rob Herring, now maintained by Android-x86.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{OpenGL ES renderer}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Graphics software architecture — Replicant 9 GLES}
+  OpenGL ES renderer: Mesa
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Support for both software and hardware rendering.
+    \item Big and active community (maintained for years to come).\\\bigskip
+  \end{itemize}
+  Mesa driver: kms\_swrast
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Uses any Gallium software renderer as backend (softpipe or llvmpipe).
+    \item Does mode setting through the kernel (KMS).\\\bigskip
+  \end{itemize}
+  Alternative GLES renderer: SwiftShader
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Optimized for ARM CPUs.
+    \item Has Vulkan software rendering.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{Implementation}
+\begin{frame}
+  \Huge{\centerline{Implementation}}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{drm\_hwcomposer + gbm\_gralloc}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Implementation — drm\_hwcomposer + gbm\_gralloc}
+  Initially both required the use of the drm/exynos master node
+  \begin{enumerate}
+    \item DRM Auth hack (both on /dev/dri/card0)
+    \item DRM vGEM inclusion (gbm\_gralloc on /dev/dri/card1)
+    \item DRM allow dumb buffers (gbm\_gralloc on /dev/dri/renderD128)\\\bigskip
+  \end{enumerate}
+  At the time we had some graphical glitches we thought were due to inter driver memory sync.\\\bigskip
+  Running on the same driver does not require memory synchronization.\\\bigskip
+  Allows drm/exynos to allocate memory where adequate according to the type of plane (primary, overlay or cursor).
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Allow kms\_swrast to use drm/exynos}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Implementation — Allow kms\_swrast to use drm/exynos}
+    Small tweak: Add exynos to the kms\_swrast list on external\_mesa3d.\\\bigskip
+    How to upstream this?
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{HW planes + devfreq}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Implementation — HW planes + devfreq}
+    We were then using kms\_swrast with the softpipe backend.\\\bigskip
+    Enabling DRM hardware planes was another attempt at squeezing some extra performance out of the hardware.\\\bigskip
+    However this led to some interesting shenenigans.
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Implementation — HW planes + devfreq}
+  \begin{center}
+    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/glitches.jpg}
+  \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Implementation — HW planes + devfreq}
+    Tentative explanation by ahajda:
+    \begin{enumerate}
+      \item devfreq lowers display clock frequencies too aggressively.
+      \item DMA transfers of overlays are too slow and result in screen corruption.\\\bigskip
+    \end{enumerate}
+    Temporary fix: disable devfreq.
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Testing software renderers}
+\subsubsection{llvmpipe}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Implementation — llvmpipe}
+    kms\_swrast with softpipe was unbearably slow, even with DRM HW planes enabled.\\\bigskip
+  Required:
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Finding out what Android-x86 had previously done.
+    \item Porting it to Android 9.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Implementation — llvmpipe}
+  android: Enable llvmpipe when using the swrast driver\\
+  https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/merge\_requests/1403\\\bigskip
+  android: Fix build with LLVM for Android 9\\
+  https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/merge\_requests/1402
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{SwiftShader}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Implementation — SwiftShader}
+    Required:
+    \begin{itemize}
+      \item UDIV and SDIV instruction emulation (in the kernel).
+      \item Android emulator composer: ranchu.
+      \item Default Android gralloc.\\\bigskip
+    \end{itemize}
+    Proved to be 1.5 - 2x faster than llvmpipe.
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Performance}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Performance}
+  \centerline{SwiftShader \textgreater{} llvmpipe \textgreater{} softpipe}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{SwiftShader with LLVM}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{Performance — SwiftShader with LLVM}
+    We managed to find a SwiftShader revision that uses LLVM as a backend instead of SubZero and is still compatible with our frameworks\_native.\\
+  \lstset{language=C}
+  \begin{lstlisting}
+Lineage 16 / Android 9 / Replicant 9
+SurfaceFlinger: OpenGL ES 2.0 SwiftShader 4.0.0.4
+
+Android Q
+fde88d96a58b92beab76035393b3acd849445160
+Default to LLVM 7.0 JIT in Android build
+SurfaceFlinger: OpenGL ES 3.0 SwiftShader 4.1.0.5
+  \end{lstlisting}
+    No noticeable performance difference.
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Why is Replicant 6 much faster?}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Performance — Why is Replicant 6 much faster?}
+  Emulator switches? NO\\
+  ro.kernel.qemu=1\\\bigskip
+  High end graphics options? NO\\
+  ro.config.avoid\_gfx\_accel=1\\\bigskip
+  Pixel format (RGB565)? Paul says YES (very hardware dependent)
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\section{Future}
+\begin{frame}
+  \Huge{\centerline{Future}}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{RGB565 across entire stack}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Future — RGB565 across entire stack}
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item gbm\_gralloc
+    \item drm\_hwcomposer
+    \item drm/exynos\smallskip
+  \end{itemize}
+  All using RGB565.\\~\\
+  Potential performance breakthrough.\\\smallskip
+  If so, how to futureproof this?
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{devfreq: which device needs clock boost? enable devfreq}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Future — devfreq: which device needs clock boost?}
+  \begin{enumerate}
+    \item Test each device independently through sysfs.
+    \item Identify which one is causing the corruption (tip: FIMD/LCD path).
+    \item Boost clock/voltage on userspace or kernel config.
+    \item Re-enable devfreq.
+    \item Workout patch to fix upstream.
+  \end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{SwiftShader + drm\_hwcomposer}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Future — SwiftShader + drm\_hwcomposer}
+  Advantages (vs ranchu):\\
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item hardware planes
+    \item DRM node instead of direct framebuffer
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Profiling, benchmarks and conformance}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Future — Profiling, benchmarks and conformance}
+  Profiling: turn on profiling switch on Mesa + simpleperf?\\\bigskip
+  Benchmarks: ask Android-x86 (proprietary?)\\\bigskip
+  Conformance: dEQP (drawElements Quality Program) and piglit
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{2D acceleration on drm\_hwcomposer}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Future — 2D acceleration on drm\_hwcomposer}
+  Software-based: Pixman (has ARM NEON fast path)\\\bigskip
+  Hardware-based: Exynos FIMG2D (Fully Integrated Mobile Graphics 2D)
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{SDIV/UDIV on compiler-rt}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Future — SDIV/UDIV on compiler-rt}
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Patch with kernel emulation of SDIV/UDIV is not optimized.\\\bigskip
+    \item Try compiler-rt's builtins instead.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{ARM NEON on llvmpipe}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{Future — ARM NEON on llvmpipe}
+  ARM NEON: SIMD instructions\\\bigskip
+  How to use:
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item<1-> Tune \textbf{auto-vectorization} on LLVM: easy to try; possible to upstream.
+    \item<3-> Ne10 library: easy to use; difficult to upstream (requires new deps).
+    \item<4-> \textbf{Neon intrinsics}: nice compromise between performance and code complexity; possible to upstream.
+      \lstset{language=C}
+      \begin{lstlisting}
+        #include <arm_neon.h>
+        uint8x8_t va, vb, vr;
+        vr = vadd_u8(va, vb);
+      \end{lstlisting}
+    \item<2-> Neon assembly: too cumbersome (e.g. manual register allocation).\\\bigskip
+  \end{itemize}
+  Borrow ideas from Pixman, Skia and libyuv (all these have NEON fast paths).
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Future — ARM NEON on llvmpipe}
+  \begin{center}
+    \includesvg[width=0.8\textwidth,inkscapeformat=png]{img/Mesa_layers_of_crap_2016.svg}
+    \footnote{Source: ScotXW on Wikimedia under CC0}
+  \end{center}
+  How to use intrinsics when llvmpipe must output LLVM IR?\\\medskip
+  Can LLVM IR contain ARM NEON assembly code?
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\subsection{Lima}
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Future — Lima}
+  The holy grail.\\\bigskip
+  Quite active now. New commits every week.\\
+  No idea of current compliance (asked devs to update \texttt{features.txt}).\\\bigskip
+  Planned approach: offload implemented GL operations to Lima.
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Where in the stack should we intercept GL operations? GLSL IR? TGSI?\\
+    \item Won't the overhead of interception, introspection and dispatch kill any performance gains?
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+%with software render fallback for missing GLES functions
+
+\begin{frame}
+  \Huge{\centerline{Questions?\footnote{Ask Putti the hard ones. xD}}}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
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+       id="text3572"
+       sodipodi:linespacing="125%"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3574"
+         x="69.79126"
+         y="24.378782"
+         style="font-size:20px;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle">Shaders</tspan><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         x="69.79126"
+         y="40.657227"
+         id="tspan3576"
+         style="font-size:11.25px;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle">written in HLSL</tspan></text>
+  </g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/img/ape_fwk_graphics.png b/img/ape_fwk_graphics.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1cf0bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img/ape_fwk_graphics.png
diff --git a/img/glitches.jpg b/img/glitches.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..976a1e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img/glitches.jpg
diff --git a/img/odroid-u_block_diagram.jpg b/img/odroid-u_block_diagram.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8940ea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img/odroid-u_block_diagram.jpg
author	David Ludovino <dllud@riseup.net>	2019-07-27 05:10:17 +0200
committer	David Ludovino <dllud@riseup.net>	2019-07-27 05:10:17 +0200
commit	c5be7ffd5a0e0661a482fbd02f79b6fcde74e159 (patch)
tree	2c53f14178c1cfd0a5370a4c74ddb249e77e14eb
download	graphics-presentation-c5be7ffd5a0e0661a482fbd02f79b6fcde74e159.tar.gz graphics-presentation-c5be7ffd5a0e0661a482fbd02f79b6fcde74e159.tar.bz2 graphics-presentation-c5be7ffd5a0e0661a482fbd02f79b6fcde74e159.zip