diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | 36c3/Replicant_sustainability/Makefile | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 36c3/Replicant_sustainability/Replicant_sustainability.tex | 189 |
2 files changed, 76 insertions, 115 deletions
diff --git a/36c3/Replicant_sustainability/Makefile b/36c3/Replicant_sustainability/Makefile index 7bc95ec..bdea753 100644 --- a/36c3/Replicant_sustainability/Makefile +++ b/36c3/Replicant_sustainability/Makefile @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ output: output/$(TITLE).pdf: output $(TITLE).tex $(IMAGES) pdflatex $(TEXFLAGS) '\providecommand\locale{en}\input{$(TITLE).tex}' - # pdflatex $(TEXFLAGS) '\providecommand\locale{en}\input{$(TITLE).tex}' + pdflatex $(TEXFLAGS) '\providecommand\locale{en}\input{$(TITLE).tex}' output/%.png: dot/%.dot output dot -T png $< > $@ diff --git a/36c3/Replicant_sustainability/Replicant_sustainability.tex b/36c3/Replicant_sustainability/Replicant_sustainability.tex index 1aefd44..91ac38f 100644 --- a/36c3/Replicant_sustainability/Replicant_sustainability.tex +++ b/36c3/Replicant_sustainability/Replicant_sustainability.tex @@ -37,9 +37,8 @@ \begin{frame} \center{Replicant:} \begin{itemize} - \item Fully free Android distribution approved by the FSF + \item Fully free Android distribution approved by the FSF. \item But the hardware it runs on is not... - \item More details on hardware related freedom issues later %% TODO \end{itemize} \end{frame} @@ -47,26 +46,29 @@ \center{Quick Facts} \begin{itemize} \item Website: replicant.us - \item Exists since September 2009 - \item Currently based on LineageOS + \item Exists since September 2009. + \item Currently based on LineageOS. \item Android versions: \begin{itemize} - \item Replicant 6: Android 6, last security update: October 2017\cite{last-android-6-update} - \item Replicant 9: Android 9, work in progress\cite{porting-to-android-9} + \item Replicant 6: Android 6, last security update: October 2017\cite{last-android-6-update}. + \item Replicant 9: Android 9, work in progress\cite{porting-to-android-9}. \end{itemize} - \item Supports $\sim$ 10 devices (smartphones and tablets) - \item $\sim$ 2 full time equivalent contributors and a big community + \item Supports $\sim$ 10 devices (smartphones and tablets). + \item $\sim$ 2 full time equivalent contributors and a big community. \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} - \center{Minimum feature set required to support a device:} + \center{ + Best effort: \\ + minimum feature set required to support a device: + } \begin{itemize} - \item Display working and graphics fast enough - \item sound working - \item Be able to make calls - \item etc - \item GPS, Camera, and other non crucial hardware may not work, or work in later releases + \item Display working and graphics fast enough. + \item Sound working. + \item Be able to make calls. + \item etc. + \item GPS, camera, and other non crucial hardware may not work, or work in later releases. \end{itemize} \end{frame} @@ -75,8 +77,8 @@ \center{A very short introduction on hardware:} \outputpicture{0.8}{i9300_hardware.png} \begin{itemize} - \item System on a chip - \item Smartphones and the modem + \item System on a chip. + \item Smartphones and the modem. \end{itemize} \end{frame} } @@ -86,77 +88,53 @@ \center{Freedom issues in supported devices} \outputpicture{0.8}{i9300_hardware.png} \begin{itemize} - \item The cellular network - \item The modem firmware - \item Other nonfree firmwares - \item Bootloaders and TrustZone - \item Upstream anti-feature and huge code base + \item The cellular network. + \item The modem firmware. + \item Other nonfree firmwares. + \item Bootloaders and TrustZone. + \item Upstream anti-feature and huge code base. \end{itemize} \end{frame} } -%% { -%% \begin{frame} -%% \center{Freedom issues in LineageOS (without google play)} -%% \outputpicture{0.8}{i9300_hardware.png} -%% \begin{itemize} -%% \item + Modem control over the device (MSM7K) or shared memory -%% \item + Nonfree libraries (ril backdoor, etc) -%% \item + Anti-features -%% \end{itemize} -%% \end{frame} -%% } - -%% { -%% \begin{frame} -%% \center{Worst case with stock devices:} -%% \begin{itemize} -%% \item + Only the kernel is free software -%% \item + Users potentially locked out of their devices -%% \item + Many Anti-features or unwanted applications -%% \item $\rightarrow$ Remining freedoms: The ability to install F-Droid or other applications -%% \end{itemize} -%% \end{frame} -%% } - \begin{frame} \center{Why Android?} \begin{itemize} \item Advantages: \begin{itemize} - \item GUI and applications adapted to big fingers - \item $\rightarrow$ run on devices that: + \item GUI and applications adapted to big fingers. + \item $\rightarrow$ Run on devices that: \begin{itemize} - \item lack keyboard - \item have capacitive touchscreen and no stylus - \item Have very small displays with very high number of pixel + \item Lack keyboard. + \item Have capacitive touchscreen and no stylus. + \item Have very small displays with very high number of pixels. \end{itemize} \end{itemize} - \item Issues + \item Issues: \begin{itemize} - \item Part of the GNU/Linux software architecture is light years away: Package management and build system, Graphics, audio, etc - \item Huge unknown code from google - \item Meant to run proprietary software, not to empower users + \item Part of the GNU/Linux software architecture is light years away: package management and build system, graphics, audio, etc. + \item Huge unknown code from Google + \item Meant to run proprietary software, not to empower users. \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} - \center{Android: From time to market driven architecture to sustainability} + \center{Android: from time to market driven architecture to sustainability} \begin{itemize} - \item SOCs, WiFi chips, smartphones and tablets + \item SOCs, WiFi chips, smartphones and tablets: \begin{itemize} - \item Write the code that work as fast as possible - \item Support as many hardware features as possible - \item $\rightarrow$ Varying code quality - \item $\rightarrow$ Example: One driver rewritten 3 times %% TODO: reference + \item Write the code that work as fast as possible. + \item Support as many hardware features as possible. + \item $\rightarrow$ Varying code quality. + \item $\rightarrow$ Example: One driver rewritten 3 times. \end{itemize} - \item Breaking Kernel API and ABI + \item Breaking Kernel API and ABI. \begin{itemize} - \item It can take time (years) to bring in a new framework in Linux - \item Example of API breakage: HTC dream audio driver - \item Solution: Apps $\leftrightarrow$ Android framework $\leftrightarrow$ HAL $\leftrightarrow$ Kernel - \item Getting better in Android: Treble and Generic Kernel images + \item It can take time (years) to bring in a new framework in Linux. + \item Example of API breakage: HTC dream audio driver. + \item Solution: Apps $\leftrightarrow$ Android framework $\leftrightarrow$ HAL $\leftrightarrow$ Kernel. + \item Getting better in Android: Treble and Generic Kernel images. \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} @@ -167,44 +145,27 @@ \begin{itemize} \item Having the source code under free software licenses, even if the code quality is bad is crucial for freedom: \begin{itemize} - \item Hardware bringup is often made that way anyway + \item Hardware bringup is often made that way anyway. \item Things can be improved later: - always be cleaned up later or if the code quality is too bad, rewritten from scratch - \item Having the source code under a free software license is very important - \item Worst case: use the source code as documentation or reverse engineer it (add prints) + always be cleaned up later or if the code quality is too bad, rewritten from scratch. + \item Having the source code under a free software license is very important. + \item Worst case: use the source code as documentation or reverse engineer it (add prints). \end{itemize} - \item $\rightarrow$ We depend on that source code + \item $\rightarrow$ We depend on that source code. \end{itemize} \end{frame} -%% TODO: free your mind / bend the rules -%% - Number of smartphones models made each year -%% -> Another way to look at it - -%% Freedom -%% (climate activists, etc) - -%% \begin{frame} -%% \center{From a purely sustainable perspective:} -%% \begin{xtabular}{ll} -%% Big brand old devices & Big brand new devices \\ -%% Removable battery & Battery too difficult to replace \\ -%% Device specific kernel & Device specific modules \\ -%% Changing HAL API & HAL API being versioned \\ -%% \end{xtabular} -%% \end{frame} - \section{Part II} \begin{frame} \center{Part II} \end{frame} \begin{frame} - \center{Replicant 6 $\rightarrow$ More recent Android} + \center{Replicant 6 $\rightarrow$ More recent Android.} \end{frame} \begin{frame} - \center{Devices supported by Lineage 16 with a removable battery} + \center{Devices supported by Lineage 16 with a removable battery.} \end{frame} \begin{frame} @@ -237,15 +198,15 @@ \end{frame} \begin{frame} - \center{Limiting the freedom, privacy and security attacks} + \center{Limiting freedom, privacy and security attacks:} \begin{itemize} \item Isolated modem: \begin{itemize} - \item Modem not in the SOC - \item No shared memory (RAM) between the modem and the SOC + \item Modem not in the SOC. + \item No shared memory (RAM) between the modem and the SOC. \begin{itemize} - \item HSIC: USB-like, the host control re-enumeration - \item MIPI: Should be OK, not extensively reviewed + \item HSIC: USB-like, the host control re-enumeration. + \item MIPI: Should be OK, not extensively reviewed. \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{itemize} @@ -291,9 +252,9 @@ \item Isolated modem? \item Upstream support for the SOC? \item Nonfree bootloader ($\sim$ BIOS+GRUB) (signed?) - \item Probably way more work needed (different modem, more upstreaming work) + \item Probably way more work needed (different modem, more upstreaming work). \end{itemize} - \item We also took the decision when LineageOS didn't support theses. + \item We also took the decision when LineageOS didn't support these. \end{itemize} \end{frame} @@ -306,8 +267,8 @@ \center{Already supported by Replicant 6.0:} \begin{itemize} \item Galaxy SIII (I9300): Good upstream status, modem support lacking, and other small fixes to do. - \item Galaxy Note II (I9300): Good upstream status, modem and display support lacking - \item Galaxy SIII 4G (I9305) and Galaxy Note II 4G (N7105): Different modem + \item Galaxy Note II (I9300): Good upstream status, modem and display support lacking. + \item Galaxy SIII 4G (I9305) and Galaxy Note II 4G (N7105): Different modem. \end{itemize} \end{frame} @@ -316,12 +277,12 @@ \begin{itemize} \item $\rightarrow$ Upstream Linux $\rightarrow$ We can support them longer. \item $\rightarrow$ Most Replicant users and developers already have one. - \item $\rightarrow$ Known hardware that works and can still be bought second hand + \item $\rightarrow$ Known hardware that works and can still be bought second hand. \item Remaining issues: \begin{itemize} %% $\rightarrow$ Repurpose the device and run GNU/Linux when not supported anymore. - \item RAM size and new Android versions - \item Nonfree bootloader + \item RAM size and new Android versions. + \item Nonfree bootloader. \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} @@ -329,9 +290,9 @@ \begin{frame} \center{Main blocker: Nonfree bootloader} \begin{itemize} - \item Nonfree $\rightarrow$ Incentive to drop the device - \item Partially free u-boot port $\rightarrow$ can't redistribute the nonfree part - \item Research to understand if we can make it fully free (XBOOT) + \item Nonfree $\rightarrow$ Incentive to drop the device. + \item Partially free u-boot port $\rightarrow$ can't redistribute the nonfree part. + \item Research to understand if we can make it fully free (XBOOT). \item Stock bootloader incompatible with Linux... \end{itemize} \end{frame} @@ -355,21 +316,21 @@ \begin{frame} \center{Replicant 9.0:} \begin{itemize} - \item Galaxy SIII booting, modem initialized - \item Still work to do - \item Slowed down by conferences and other Replicant work (XBOOT, Replicant 6, etc) + \item Galaxy SIII booting, modem initialized. + \item Still work to do(testing, audio, networking, etc.). + \item Slowed down by conferences and other Replicant work (XBOOT, Replicant 6, etc). \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \center{Future directions:} \begin{itemize} - \item Finish the research on XBOOT + \item Finish the research on XBOOT. \begin{itemize} \item https://github.com/xboot/xboot \end{itemize} - \item Look into devices like the PinePhone and the Librem5 - \item Share more work with GNU/Linux upstream (OFono, other hardware support libraries) + \item Look into devices like the PinePhone and the Librem5. + \item Share more work with GNU/Linux upstream (OFono, other hardware support libraries). \end{itemize} \end{frame} @@ -377,15 +338,15 @@ Licenses: \begin{itemize} \item The SIM card and BTS pictures comes from \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gsm_network.png} and are under the GFDL 1.2 or the Creative commons Attributions-Share ALike 3.0 Unported. - \item This presentation: CC-BY-SA 4.0 International - \item The Galaxy SIII picture: CC-BY-SA 4.0 International + \item This presentation: CC-BY-SA 4.0 International. + \item The Galaxy SIII picture: CC-BY-SA 4.0 International. \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{thebibliography}{99} -\bibitem{porting-to-android-9} - \url{https://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/PortingToAndroid9} \bibitem{last-android-6-update} \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Marshmallow#cite_note-2} +\bibitem{porting-to-android-9} + \url{https://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/PortingToAndroid9} \end{thebibliography} \end{document} |